The theater of honour and knight-hood. Or A compendious chronicle and historie of the whole Christian vvorld Containing the originall of all monarchies, kingdomes, and estates, with their emperours, kings, princes, and gouernours; their beginnings, continuance, and successions, to this present time. The first institution of armes, emblazons, kings, heralds, and pursuiuants of armes: with all the ancient and moderne military orders of knight-hood in euery kingdome. Of duelloes or single combates ... Likewise of ioustes, tourneyes, and tournaments, and orders belonging to them. Lastly of funerall pompe, for emperours, kings, princes, and meaner persons, with all the rites and ceremonies fitting for them. VVritten in French, by Andrew Fauine, Parisian: and aduocate in the High Court of Parliament. M.DC.XX.

THE ORDER OF ENGLAND, CALLED Of the Blew Garter: Instituted in the yeare One thousand three hundred fortie seauen. The Fift Booke. (Book 5)

CHAP. I.

[illustration]

HONNY SOIT IL QVI MAL Y PENSE

ENgland, sometime cal∣led Albion, and Great Bretaigne, which title it ••eareth at this present, vnder the famous King Iames, first of ••he name of England, and of Scotland the sixt: is an auncient Kingdome, wherein by the Lawes and Customes thereof, ••oe succeede the Females, as well as Masles; as is obserued by the Noble Roman Historian Tacitus, in the life of Iulius A∣••ricola, who wholly made that great Island subiect to the Ro∣man Empire, as were the Gaules Germanie and Spaine.

* 1.1This Isle of Albion was peo∣pled (according to common re∣port) by Brute and his follow∣ers, they being acknowledged by the name of Bretons, in the yeare of the World two thou∣sand eight hundred and fiftie: And a thousand sixe hundred yeares before the Birth of our Sauiour and Redeemer Iesus Christ.

To this Brute, first Prince thereof, and from whom it re∣ceiued the Sirname of Bretaign, was giuen for his Armes: D'Or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Lyon rampant de Gueulles, es∣••rtele d Azur, à trois Coronnes

d'Or mises en Pal. Armes which haue bin oftentimes changed, as we shall perceiue in the pursuite of this Discourse.

For the Authors of the English Histories doe write, that Gurguintus their two and twentieth King,* 1.2 carried for Armes in his Banner D'Azur à trois Coronnes d'Or en P••▪ without other quartering. And the same Historians write, that Constantine the Great Emperour gaue permission to the Kings of England, to beare the Crowne Royall, close and firme aboue, after the Imperiall mannet, by a perticuler priui∣ledge of honor; whereas other Kings of those times, had no other then a simple B••n∣net or Chappeau. But the question is to know, whether the Isle of England had bin wholly conquered in the time of Constantine, & that very long time before, the Romaines did leaue Kings there; rather then in Germany, in Spaine and among the Gaules;* 1.3 considering, that whensoeuer they subdued any Prouince vnder their obe∣dience, they vsed to take away the noate of any other power, then their own, sending such Gouernors thither, as were of their owne naturall Romaine language.

We will forbeare to meddle with the reports of those English Romancers, who be∣fore the conquest of their Isle made by the Romaines, vnder the Emperor Seuerus, set downe threescore and three Kings, succeeding after Brute (who was their first King) to the time of Lucius, after whose death, they write, that the Emperour Seuerus passed into Great Bretaigne,* 1.4 with mighty Romaine troupes, possessing himselfe thereof, and ended his dayes in the Citie of Yorke, the yeare of Grace two hundred and eleauen.

They make these threescore & three Kings to succeede man by man, without any woman. And yet neuerthelesse, it is a case constant, that the right of this Isle, Ius gen∣tium ••ritann••rum, the Custome of the Kingdome admitteth, and receiueth women in their succession. We haue the fundamentall Law reported in the life of Iulius Agri∣c••la, by Tacitus, deciphering the Customes of the auncient Bretons, and the scituati∣on of their Island. Britanni his atque talibus in stincti Voadica generis Regij foemina (Ne∣qu•• enim Sexum in Imperijs discernunt) sumpsere vniuersi bellum. This Voadica or V••adi∣cia, in those times was Queene of Great Bretaigne, in which Kingdome (euen to this instan•• both Masles and Females doe succeede; Lancea ad fusum transit.

S••gibert, continuer of the Chronologie of Eusebius, and of S. Hierome, doe e••struct vs, that the inhabitants of this Island, for the space of almost fourescore yeares, were wholly exposed to the spoyles and rauages of the Scots and Picts. In such sort, that being forsaken of the R••mans succour, by counsell of the Bishop of London; they went into Bretaigne Armerica from whence their Auncestours deriued their first originall and birth,* 1.5 as we are taught by venerable Bede) whereof was then King, one named Al••n, who gaue them his Brother, called Constantine, elected King of Great Bre∣t••gne, in the yeare foure hundred and thirteene. He left three Children, the last whereof was Vterpendragon, who, as Son and Successour had Arthur, King of Great Br••taigne, si••named The Great.

The same Sigibert, in the yeare of Grace foure hundred forty fiue, will haue this this Arthur to reigne in Great Bretaigne, and would haue vs to beleeue, that he was a braue and valiant Prince.* 1.6 But where should he (in those times) conquer thirteene Kingdomes, and performe such admirable actions of Armes, as those fabulous ••∣mancers doe make him the Author of? Th••y make him King of Bretaigne Armori••s, which then was gouerned by her owne Princes.

In these times as Sigibert telleth vs) the King of Albion Vortigerne, by aduise of the wisest Barons of his Kingdome; assembled the most excellent Architects through∣out the land,* 1.7 to build a Castell of Royall structure, to serue as his retreate of assurance and safety. But as the workeman (being many) laboured for seating the foundation therof, the earth being vncertaine & quagging; all their paines proued in vaine. Then aduise was giuen him, to seeke for a man borne without a Father, and to ciment the 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ of the Castell (which he would haue to be made) with his blood, by which m••anes the foundation thereof would be firme and stable. A yong man was found, named Merl••n,* 1.8 who was brought with his Mother before the King, and there Mer∣••••ns Mother confessed, that she conceiued him by an Incubus, vnder the phantasticke forme of a man. Merlin reuealed many hidden things to the King, and which should happen afterward in the successe of diuers yeares. He discouered also to the King,

••hat vnder the foundation of the Castell which he intended to build, there was a Lake, and vnder it a Grotte or Denne, whereto two horrible Dragons resorted, the one Red, which designed the Bretons his Subiects, whose Haire and Beards were Red; and the other White, which figured the Anglo-Saxons,* 1.9 dwelling in a Prouince of Saxonie in Germany. By a fight of these two Beasts, which he caused to be perfor∣med in presence of the King, the White Dragon had the victory ouer the other; to shew thereby, that the White skinned Saxons, should one day ouercome this Isle of Bretaigne, and make themselues Lords thereof.

He foretold, that Aurelius Ambrosius should vanquish Hengistus in a field of battaile; that V••rtigerne (to whom he spake) should be taken and burned by the Picts; that af∣ter his death, this Ambrosius should be King, and haue to his successour Vterpendra∣g••n his Brother, and both the one and other should be poisoned.* 1.10 After them should reigne the Beare of Cornewall, Arthur the Great, who should be the support and Pro∣tectour of the Church. That he should conquer the Westerne Islands in the Ocean Sea; possesse the Prouinces of the Gaules; and make himselfe dreadfull to the Roman power, but he should haue a sad and disastrous end.

He Prophesied mo••eouer, that the Metropolitane See of London, the Capitall Ci∣tie of the Kingdome, should be transferred to that of Canterbury, sometimes called D••r••bernia: And that the Archbishop of Yorke Saint Sampson, with seauen other Bi∣shops, should passe from Great Bretaigne, into the lesser, called Armorica. That the Anglo-Saxons being become Masters of Great Bretaigne,* 1.11 should change the name ••hereof, and call it Angle-land. Also, that the English should be conquered and sub∣dued by the Normans, and many other things he prophesied beside, yet all the assu∣rance thereof he receiued from the spirit of lying. These are extracts of fabulous Romancers, who neuer speake a word of truth.

These Romancers of England, doe make this Arthur, Author of the Knights of the Round Table. A Table erected in a place of Fayerie-land,* 1.12 by the admirable cunning of the Prophet Merlin. In my yonger dayes I read those Romances of Merlin, and of the said Round Table: Since when, I haue also seene a manuscript Booke, beautified with many figures, wherein likewise was represented the Prophet Merlin, and his Round Table, with these Verses in French.

I.

MERLIN, iadis de son art & pratique, Moult bien vsant selon l'ancien aage, Edifia pur chef d'oeuure authentique, La TABLE RONDE en triomphant ouurage, Et se monstrast expert, & si sage En son scauoir, que son oeuure hautaine, Sans vice aucun estoit perfaicte, & pleine D'honneur exquis, & Royale ornature. Car de beautè estoit resplendissante, Et des ouuriers dicte en iudicature, LA TABLE RONDE en honneur triomphante.

II.

La Table estoit d'vn ouurage mystique, Bien prattique d'excellent aduentage, Par Cheualiers en estat magnifique La sit garder, & preseruer d'outrage, Qui tous esto••ent remplis de grand courage, Bien reclamez en ceste basse plaine, En la gardant souffrirent maintes peines, Pour l'approuuer par raison, & droicture, Sur tout ouurage estre la plus plaisante Et demourer sans quelque forfaicture La TABLE RONDE en honneur triomphante.

III.

Vn Seige estoit en ceste TABLE antique,

Bien ordonné d'oeuure de haut parage, Que Mesdisans ent iuge fantastique, Plus dangereux que tempeste ou orage: Mais tels Menteurs pleins de mauuais langage, Furent confus, car la place tant saine, Promise estoit par la Cour Souueraine, A Galaad sur toute creature, &c.

The Verses thus Englished:

I.

MErlin long since by his great Art and skill, Well fitted to that graue and auncient Age, Erected an authentique Maister-piece: * 1.13The Table Round, excelling all workes else. He shewed himselfe so expert and so wise In depth of knowledge, that his worthy worke Was perfect without errour, and truely full Of Honor exquisite, and royall beautie, Because therein it was resplendishing. And tearm'd by workemen of greatest iudgement The Table Round, in Honor triumphant.

II.

The Table was of Misticke workmanship, Wel•• practised for excellent aduantage, By Knights of most magnificent degree; Who kept it Nobly from scandale and outrage, For all of them were of highest courage, Well gouernde in their meanest actions. To keepe it famous, they endurde great paines, Approuing alwayes by reason and iustice, Their deedes to be aboue all common reach, And so continued without any impeach; The Table Round in Honor triumphant.

III.

One seate there was at this auncient Table, Appointed for deedes of highest eminence, Which detractours iudged to be fantasticke, More dangerous then rudest stormes and tempest, But such Lyers full of all ill language Were confuted: for that Seate safe and sound, Was promised by the Court Soueraigne To Galaad, from any other creature, &c.

* 1.14It is a matter vndoubtable and certaine, euen by the interrogatories of Witches and Sorcerers themselues, that in their Sabbats, deuilles are distinguished by Incubi and Succubi. Saint Augustine, the light of the Church, in the three and twentieth Booke, Chapter fourescore and eight of his Cittie of God, and S. Thomas, in his first Tome the threescore and first Question, the third Article, and other more be∣side, doe hold this commixing of deuils with men and women, for a matter no way to be doubted. The Doctor of Doctors, Saint Hierome, on the sixt Chapter of the Epistle of Saint Paul to the Ephesians, & after him Saint Iustine the Martyr, haue left vs in one word, that which may moue doubt of the mingling of Sathan and his min∣nions, with any of the indifferent sexes. Daemones seruiunt prauis amoribus: & ex s••minibus aliunde sumptis, conuert into Incubes on the behalfe of Sorcerers. But whether of this damnable coition, a reasonable soule may be engendered, or no, the discourse would be too wearisome and tedious. The women of the ancient Gothes, as

some Historians haue obserued, & the Daughters in Turkie haue made proofe.* 1.15 Wher∣to, without repetition of infinite examples, we may adde the vulgar oppinion, that of a Iewishe Maide, woed by an Incubus, Antechriste should be borne. Thus much hath bin said, varying somewhat from our former purpose.

But returning againe to Merlin, he was in those times (as was verily credited) the Prince of Magitians, renowned to all ages after him, for a notable Iugler,* 1.16 Enchaunter and Magitian, and whose fame remained, and liueth yet in request, especially in the Countrey of our Bretaigne, vnder our two Kings Charles the Fifte and Charles the sixt, Father and Sonne. For the Chronicle of the good Duke of Bourbon, Lewes, second of that name (Authour of the Order of the Thistle, obserued before) informeth vs in the threescore and ninthe Chapter, that the Constable of France, Messire Oliuer de Clisson,* 1.17 in name of King Charles the Sixt his maister, defending the County of Pointhieure, ••gainst the Duke of Bretaigne; tooke the Towne of Saint Brieu, and the Bishops Ca∣stell, belonging to the said place. A House, which was very neere to the Crosse of Mal∣••hast, where Merlin wrought his wonders.

The olde Romancers called such men Fayries, as were Magitians and Sorcerers, re∣••owned and famous in their times, and who perfourmed such actions, as exceeded the Order of Nature, and was indeed altogether impossible. As those men, of whom Saxo Grammaticus speaketh in his History of Denmarke, the Archbishops of Vpsala, Primats of Gothia, Ioannes and Olaus Magnus, Vnckle and Nephew, in their Histories of the North: And the Spanish Monke Torre-Quemada, in the last Booke of his Hexa∣••eron. What this Merlin was, all the Historians of England do speake wonders of him,* 1.18 ••nd either begin or finish (alwayes) their Narrations and serious discourses, with some ••ne or other of his pretended Prophecies.

Iannes Leslaeus, Bishop of Rosse, in his Scottishe History, Page an Hundred forty one, saith Caeterum Vortigernus suorum scelerum Poenas acerrimas postea luebat: S••quidem A••relius Ambrosius Constantini Regis filius, eum vxorum Ahnicam Hengisti filiam, & ••beros in turrim compulsos Igni subiecto miserrime consumpsit: id quod Merlinus Vates ••x Nobili Foemina (vt dicitur) Ab Incubo susceptus illi praedixerat. The Romancers ••ti••e, that this pretended Prophet was charmed by his Loouer or faire Friende, and ••ransported into Fayrie-land, the Kingdome of King Oberon, and Vrganda the Vn∣••nowne, where being placed in a Garden of pleasure, he there sleepes,* 1.19 and so still shall kepe vntill the day of Iudgement. But returne we now to King Arthur.

Sigebert, speaking of him, according to the History of England, in his time traduced ••ut of Brittish into Latine, writeth, that he was successour to his Father Vterpendragon, ••he yeare of Grace foure hundred and seauenty. Mortuo Vterpendragon Rege, sibli∣••tu•• est in Regno filius eius Arturus, cuius mirabiles actus etiam linguae personant Popu∣••rum, licet plura esse fabulosa videantur. It is said, that he fought with the Sesnes or ••axons, and subdued them, the Scots and Picts: he conquered Ireland, and made the ••ings of the Orcades and of Gothland his vassailes and tributaries. And on further ••uccesse, made himselfe Master of Denmarke and Norway, whence he went and skirted ••n the Gaules,* 1.20 vanquishing in Combate the Gouernours of them for the Romaine Em∣••erours. In such sorte, that by their saying (meere Fables) at Paris he helde his Seate ••nd Throne Royall Nine whole yeares, at the end whereof, he returned againe into ••reat Bretaigne, and after he had long time reigned there, he died in a Battaile, which ••e had against his Nephewe Monredon, in the yeare fiue hundred Forty two,* 1.21 (the fable ••f his long age.) That in all his Conquests, hee had the seruice of one Sworde or Cou••tle-Axe, called Calibourne; a Launce named Ron;* 1.22 a Head-piece and Creast of fine ••olde, made in shape of a Dragons throate, and a Shielde, whereon was figured an I∣••age of the Sacred Virgin, so Sigebert telleth vs. And now beholde what Leslaus saith 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his Scottish History, Page an hundred fourty fiue, vnder the Reigne of the King of ••cotland Eugenius the third.

Scribunt Arthurum Regem per haec tempora Scotiam, Hiberniam, Islandiam, Finmar∣••am, Orcades insulas, Daniam, Suetiam, Liuoniam, Lituaniam, Prusiam, Pomeraniam, ••hiam, Hollandiam, Zelandiam, Brabantiam, Flandriam, Morinum, Armoricam Bri∣••niam, totam denique Galliam vi expugnasse; Incolas, Gentiumque Duces Vectigales ••cisse. Inde (vt Graecorum, Persarum, Medorum, altorumque Reges ab eo victos praete∣ream)

Lucium Romanorum Imperatorem sub iugum misisse. Multa me in eam senten∣tiam inducunt, vt putem Haec potius in Anilibus, Quam Analibus numeranda. Verum (vt vt res sit) fuit Rex Arthurus animo inuicto, summaque virtute, & verum gestarum gloriae insignis.

* 1.23And see also what the same Authour reporteth, Of the Knights of the round Table, whom he saith to haue seene in his time. Hunc Arthurum Scribunt Quatuor supra Viginti Athletas Equestris Ordinis (quod rei bellicae gloria praestabant) Insignibus Nobi∣litasse, ac rei militaris scientia, gloriaeque magnitudine pares, pari omnes amore complexum fuisse. Cum omnes simul accumberent, nequis forte se primo in loco constitutum gloriose praedicaret, aut ad infimum locum deturbatum inuide cogitaret, Mensam Rotundam ad Coronae formam effingendam durauit. Locum in quo omnes accumbere solebant Ro∣tundam Arthuri Tabulam, & Nostrates, & Britanni appellant. Eandem ego mensa•• (Si Accolae falsa quadam Maiorum superstitione conflictati, non errent) in Winthoniensi Ca∣stro, ad aeternam rei memoriam solemniter conseruatam, Militumque Equestrium nomini∣bus vndique nota tam, non ita pridem aspexi.

* 1.24The same Authour, speaking of the death of the said Arthur, King of Great Bre∣taigne, writeth, that he was slaine by the Scottes and Picts, on the Riuer of Humber, in the Battaile which was giuen against him by Eugenius, third King of that name of the Scottes. And that his wife, named Guenora, was fast shut vp in a Tower, in a place cal∣led Anguse; where she remained all the rest of her life time, and that there her Sepul∣ture was seene.

This was deuised by the rare witt and inuention, of the Romancers of this Round Table,* 1.25 to make it equal in sitting for foure and twenty Knights, because when the King banquetted with them (as they say) the Precedency of the Knights was knowne to be in them, which were neerest seated to the person of the King. And concerning the rounde forme of this Table, euery one knoweth, that the Romaines had theirs made halfe rounde, and the rest wholly right as others for seruice, and because those Tables were tearmed by the Greeke Letter Sigma Martiall saith.

Septem Sigma capit, Sex sumus, adde Lupum.

* 1.26But as for them of the Gaules, they were Rounde, and with diuers corners; as many such like are yet to be seene in Paris, and elsewhere, especially in the Chamber of Ac∣countes at Paris. This is thus obserued by Atheneus, in the Fourth Booke of his Dy∣nosophists, in the Title De Coena Celtarum.

* 1.27Diuers Armes are giuen to this Arthur. I haue seene an olde Booke of Blazon•• limned, which giueth him D'Azur à Treize Coronnes d'Or. Others of Synople, in the first and fourth Quarter Vne Croix d'Argent, la premier Canton charge d'vn Soleil d'Or ayant l'image de la Vierge Marie au Mitan: le Deux & Troisiesme quartiers de Gueules trois Coronnes d'Or mises in Pal.

Matthew Faris writeth, that in the yeare A thousand one hundred ninety and one the bones of the said Arthur were found at Glasco, enclosed within an olde Coffin•• neere vnto which were raised two auncient Pyramides, engraued with inscription•• but the Letters were so olde and ill formed,* 1.28 as nothing could bee knowen by the••▪ This Tombe was found, as a ditche or trenche was made, for the enterment of a Re••••¦gious man; for the earth being raised, they espied an olde Chest, whereon was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Crosse of Lead, with this Epitaphe. Hic iacet inclytus Britonum Rex Arthur 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in Insula Aualonis Sepultus. The place was sometime wholly enclosed with a M••¦rishe ground, and was named the Isle of Aualon, as much to say, as the Isle of Alpes▪

After Arthur succeeded Constantius, Aurelius, Caretticus, Ethelbert, who made h•••• abyding at Canterbury. In his time Pope Gregorie sent Orthodox Preachers, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 purdge Great Bretaigne of grosse heresies. After Ethelbert reigned successiuel•• Cadwan,* 1.29 Athelstane, Echenwald, Sygobert, Ecbert, Lotharius, Ceolri••, Vared, vnde•• whom the Saxons ouercame the Kingdome of Canterbury, and held it in possessi•••• sometime.

Sigibert, with diuers other Historians and Chroniclers doe tell vs, that they 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Great Bretaigne were subdued by the Saxons, in the yeare of Grace Foure hundre•• fourescore and twelue. Others affirme it to bee in the yeare foure hundred fourt•• foure. And others in the yeare Sixe hundred fourescore and sixe. And that th••

English and Saxons deuided the Isle of Great Bretaigne into Seauen Principalities and Toparchies,* 1.30 each of which were distinguished and knowne by different Armes.

The Principall Kingdome was that of the Saxons, otherwise tearmed of the Nor∣danimbres, or Northumbers,* 1.31 to the King whereof the auncient Romancers doe attribute for Armes, D'Azur a la Croix Feurencee d'Or, cantonnee de quatre Merlettes, et vne en pointe de mesme. It is said, that to King Ardulf the same Armes were giuen by King Charlemaigne, reseating him in his Kingdome, according as the Chronicle of Laures∣heim sheweth, in the yeare Eight hundred and eight. Interea Rex Nordumbrorum de Britannia insula nomine Ardulf, Regno, et Patria pulsus, ad Imperatorem dum adhuc Nouiomagi moraretur (that is to Noyon in the Isle of France, or in Picardie, whereas the said Emperour Charlemaigne was exalted King of France) venit et patefacto aduen∣tus sui negotio, Romam proficiscitur, Romayne radiens, per Legatos Romani Pontificis, et Domini Imperatoris in Regnum suum reducitur. Praeerat ea tempestate Ecclesie Romanae Leo Tertius, cuius Legatus ad Britanniam directus est Adolphus Diaconus de ipsa Britan∣nia Saxo. &c.

The same Chronicler, in the yeare Eight hundred and nine.* 1.32 Postquam Ardul∣phus Rex Nordumbrorum reductus est in Regnum suum, et Legati Imperatoris atque Pon∣tificis reuersi sunt, &c. The Armes giuen by Charlemaigne to the said Ardulphe, were (as is affirmed) conserued by the Kings of England his Successours, euen vntill the Reigne of William the Conquerour, who abolished them, to make his owne Royall Stemme there.

The English and Saxons issuing out of Germanie, dwelt in the Countreyes of Scan∣dinauia, and part of Saxonie, and of Thuringe, who being possessed of Great Bretaigne,* 1.33 made themselues famous, vnder diuers names according to the Climate, and scituation of the lands by them conquered, where they made their partitions East, West, North and South. And according to the testimony of Mathew Paris, a Monke of the Abbey of Saint Albane in England, the first King of the West-Saxons was named Cerdicius, of whom the descent and Ligne (sometimes allied to the most Illustrious Crowne of France) continued fiue hundred, threescore and eleuen yeares, without interruption (some Kings of Denmarke reserued,* 1.34 who held England) and euen till the death of Ed∣ward (Sonne to King Etheldred) happening in the yeare of Grace, One thousand, three∣score and sixe on the Eeue of the three Kings.

For the Succession of whom, because hee deceassed without issue, there happened contention, the Barons of England fauouring Harold, a Prince of their Nation. Yet so it followed neuerthelesse, that William Duke of Normandie, by the assistance of the King of France, Phillip first of that name, made himselfe Lord and Master of England.

This Harold being cast vpon the Sea coaste of Ponthieu, by a stormie tempest of Winde, as he sayled on the English Seas, was brought to William then Duke of Nor∣mandie, and to free himselfe out of his power,* 1.35 hee promised to keepe and perserue for him, the right which he pretended to haue to the Crowne of England, by the deceasse of Edward without issue. And moreouer, was affianced to one of the said Dukes daughters, named Alizon. But seeing himselfe aduanced to the Royaltie,* 1.36 by fauour of the English Barons; he falsified the Oathes made by him, & kept not any one of them.

Now this William was auouched to be a Bastard, by Robert Duke of Normandie, be∣gotten by him in his amourous pursuites, on one named Hellen, daughter to a Groome of the Chamber (of the said Robert) named Foubert, who was the sonne of a Skin∣ner.

By two meanes hee had right to the Crowne of England. The first,* 1.37 because his Great Grandfather Richard, Second Duke of Normandie, had giuen his Sister Emma or Emina in mariage to the King of England Ethelred, and of that mariage was issued the said King Edward. Who seeing himselfe without children, and acknowledging the good kindnesses, which hee had receiued in Normandie of the said William, during the time of his banishment from England: He instituted (as his Heire and Successour in the Kingdome) the said Duke William; this we deliuer from the Auncient English Historians.

William receiued from Pope Alexander, an hallowed Banner of the said Dukes

Armes, who caried De Gueules a Trois Lepards d'Or, L'un sur L'autre; And hauing with him a great number of Frenche Noblemen, dwelling in England, as deriued from the greatest houses thereof, euen to this very day: tooke Shipping from the Porte of Saint Valery,* 1.38 and landed in England at that of Hastingues, in the Moneth of August, Anno One Thousand Sixty and seauen. Neere to which Towne of Hastin∣gues was the battaile fought, wherein William the Bastard had the victory, famous by the death of his contrary Harold, slaine by the shot of an arrow, fighting valiantly in the midest of his people. In this manner the Kingdome of England came to the Dukes of Normandie, by the winning of the Battaile, fought on the day of Saint Calixtus Pope, before the Ides of October. And of the Conquest of the said King∣dome, William the Bastard was sirnamed the Conquerour. This change was presaged by a great Comet, in memorie whereof this Distick was made, as it is reported by Ma∣thew Paris in his History of England.

Anno Milleno Sexageno quoque Seno, Anglorum metae flammas sensere Cometae.

WIlliam the Conquerour had to wife Mahauld or Mathilde, daughter to the Count of Flanders, Baudouin de L'Isle, by whom he had fiue daughters, and foure sonnes.

* 1.39As namely Cecilie, his eldest daughter, Abbesse of Caen in Normandie.

Constance wife to Alain Fergand, Duke of Bretaigne.

Alison, affianced to King Harold, who neuer would espouse her, but died vnma∣ried.

Alix, who had to her husband the Count of Blois Stephen, after whose death, she entred into Religion at Marsigny among the Nunnes.

The youngest died in her infancie.

His Sonnes were Robert the eldest.

Richard; these two were borne in Normandie.

William, sirnamed the Red.

And Henry.

This Genealogie is thus set downe in the Registers the Courte, but it is otherwise in Mathew Paris,* 1.40 who vnder the yeare One thousand, Sixty eight, nameth the birth of Henry in England, saying that his Elder Sonne William the Red, and Robert the s••c••nd, were born•• in Normandie. And that in the said yeare, Robert his second Sonn••, whom he had made Earle of Northumberland, was slaine by the people of the said Countrey. And yet notwithstanding, hee contradicteth him selfe soone after, ded••cing the Genealogie in these tearmes. Ex Regina Mathilla Liberos multos pr••∣creauit, Robertam s••elciet, Ricardum, Willelmum & Henricum: quorum Primogenitus Robertus, ad huc pa••re viueente, Normanniam negari molleste ferens, in Italiam abijt ira succensus; vt si••ia Bonisacij Marchionis in Vxorem ducta, patri, affinibus adiutus, bel∣lum moueret. Sed hac petitione frustratus, Philippum Francorum Regem, contrapa∣trem suum excitauit. Quare benedictione et haereditate paterna orbatus, in Angliae Reg∣num post mortem patris sui non successit, Ducatum Norm anniae autem vix retinuit. And the same Author, speaking of the death of the said King of England William the Conquerour,* 1.41 happening at Rouen One Thousand, Fourescore and eight, the eight of the Ides of September, saith that Normanniam filio suo Roberto Angliam, possessiones maternas, cum thesauris Willelmo Ruffo legauit. By his testament he leagued Norman∣die to Robert his eldest Sonne; but in fauour of William the Red, all his Treasures, goods and possessions, as also the riches of his Mother Queene Mahauld, and the King∣dome of England he left to him.

* 1.42In this manner William the Red, second of that name, came to the Crowne of Eng∣land. Robert his Brother, going in the voyage to the Holy land (in imitation of the Frenche Paladines) the yeare of Grace One thousand fourescore and sixteene. Hee p••wned the D••chie of Normandie, for the summe of Ten thousand poundes of Money. The Red hauing reigned Thirteene yeares, was slaine with an Arrowe, (shot at a Hart swiftly pursued) by one of the ordenary attendants on the said King,* 1.43 named Walter Tyrell, of the Kings Chamber, vnwittinly, and not on any pretended purpose, on the

next day after Saint Peter ad Vincula, the second of August, in the secular yeare One thousand, an hundred. His death is notably described by the Monke Mathew Paris.

By his vnbemoaned death, Henry his Brother, first of that name, and last of the Sonnes to William the Bastard, came to enioy the Crowne of England, on the day of our Lady in August, and the same yeere. By his first wife Mathilde or Mahauld,* 1.44 daughter to Milcolme King of Scottes, and of Saint Margaret his Queene, hee had a Sonne and a daughter.

The Sonne was William, Duke of Normandie.

The daughter was Mahauld, married in the yeare, One Thousand, one hundred and nine, to the Emperour Henry, Fift of that name. And Mahauld the Queene of Scottes dying in the yeare One Thousand one Hundred and Eighteene, the said King Henry, making haste to a second mariage; in the yeare one thousand, one hun∣dred, twenty one, tooke to wife Adela, Daughter to Geoffrey, Counte of Louuaine, who left him no children.

The yeare before, William, the eldest Sonne to King Henry, was drowned in the Sea,* 1.45 passing from Normandie towardes England, with his Brothers and Sisters Bastardes, and a great number of chiefe Officers of England: so that there remained to the said King Henry, but his only daughter Mahauld for heire, and the Emperour Henry her husband being dead, in the yeare, One thousand, one hundred, twentie sixe, shee re∣turned into England, where she was acknowledged as Queene, after the deceasse of her Father. And the yeare following, Foulques Counte of Anion, hauing beene at the voyage of Ierusalem, espoused there the Eldest Daughter of King Baldwine the second, with promise to succeede him in the Kingdome of Ierusalem, as he did. So that the Countie of Anion, being lefte remayning to Godfrey, sirnamed Planta-Genest;* 1.46 because he tooke delight in that branch or stalke (as is auouched by S. Lewes) the said Wid∣dow Mahauld maried with him: And by this mariage three Sonnes were borne.

Henry, borne in the yeare One thousand, one hundred, thirty two.

Geffory, in the yeare One thousand, one hundred, thirty foure, hee dying without issue.

And William, who was Earle of Mortaing by his owne stock, and by that of his Wife Comes Varennarum, the only daughter to William the third Earle Warren, who dyed in the voyage beyond the Seas, where he followed King Lewes the younger. We gather all the Genealogies of the famous houses of France, out of the Regi∣sters of the Court of Parliament at Paris, where they are inserted altogether equally.

Now, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand, one hundred, thirty fiue, the first day of December, died in Normandie the King of England Henry, first of that name,* 1.47 who in his life time had receiued the Empresse Mahauld his heire and onely daughter, Queene of England, and duchesse of Normandie.

Yet it chaunced neuerthelesse, that Stephen Counte of Bologne, Sonne to Stephen Counte of Bologne (Brother to Thibauld Counte of Blois) and of Adela, fourth daugh∣ter of William the Bastard, first King of that name of England (by consequent Ne∣phewe on the mothers side) to deceassed Henry the first, notwithstanding their Oath;* 1.48 was receiued by the States of the Kingdome, and crowned King of England at Lon∣don, two and twenty dayes after the decease of his vnckle. Mahauld being payed with this Coyne. Fore nimis turpe si tot Nobiles foeminae subderentur, so saith Mathew Paris.

The Count of Anion was as speedily in Normandie, as his wife in England, where, in a foughten Battaile, she vanquished King Stephen her Cousine, tooke and led him pri∣soner on Candlemas day, in the yeare One thousand, one hundred and forty.* 1.49 But de∣liuered againe the same yeare, in exchange of Counte Robert, Brother to Mahauld the Empresse. Ten yeares after, Henry was receiued Duke of Normandie, for which he did Liege Homage to King Lewes, Seauenth of that name.

In the yeare, One thousand, one hundred and fifty,* 1.50 died the said Counte of Anion Geoffrey Plantagenest, in the Castell of Loir, the seauenth of the Ides of December. The King of France, Seuenth of the name, being returned from his voyage beyond the Seas, was separated from Aelianor of Aquitaine his wife, for her impudicity. Ob∣serue here what is said by Mathew Paris. Eodem anno celebratum est Diuortium inter.

Ludouicum Regem Francorum, & Alienor Reginam vxorem suam, propterea quod diff••∣mata esset de adulterio, Etiam cum Infideli, & qui de genere fuit Diaboli. Let vs deli∣uer his wo••des more clearely.

Guy, Duke of Aquitaine, and Count of Poictou, had by Adelaida of Nauarre (of o∣thers named Ermesinda) Daughter to Don Garcia, Sixt of that name, King of Na∣uarre, two Children, to wit, William and Mary who was Lady of Melle, and of L••∣signan in Poictou, of which Seigneuries shee was called Mellusina, and married with Raymond de Croisic, Count de Forest in Bretaigne, which is in the Ile de Ruis (some∣time called The firme Iland) where is an Abbey which beareth the same name, whereof Peter Abaylard Breton (Founder of that of Paraclet,* 1.51 betweene Noyant on Seyne, and Troyes in Champaigne) was Abbot sometime, and managed it in such sort, as himselfe describeth in his owne life.

William Duke of Aquitaine the Fourth, and Third Count of Poictou of that name, by his Wife Gisle, Daughter to William Duke of Normandy, had a Sonne (bearing the same name as his Father and Grandfather did) Fift of the name, Duke of Aqui∣taine, and Fourth Count of Poictou. Who by Ioane, Daughter to a King of Scotland, had two Daughters: A••lianor, Wife to King Lewes the Seauenth, called the Deuout, and Peronella, married to the Count of Vermandois Raoull the younger, Sonne to the Elder Sonne of Monsieur Hugues de France, tearmed the Great, Brother to King Phi∣lip the First.

This William, at the beginning of his gouerning, was a cruell and vnruly Prince, robbing Churches, and contemning the Ministers of them. But being exhorted by Saint Bernard,* 1.52 Founder of Cleruaux (a Monke of holy life) hee tooke better courses, repenting and making satisfaction for his offences; hee went the Voyages of our Lady of Mont-Serrat, Saint Iames in Spayne, and to Ierusalem.

At his returne from them, after hee had visited the places of deuotion at Rome, hee, and three of his Seruants, withdrew into Toscane, the Territory of Sienna, neere to Chastillon, a place very Desert and solitary (sometime called Stabulam Rhodis, and at this instant Male-Val) where the said William,* 1.53 Founder of the Religious Guille∣mins, after his owne name (called White Cloakes at Paris) happily departed out of this life, about the yeare of Grace, One Thousand, One Hundred and Forty, but ac∣cording to some, Fifty Sixe.

King Lewes the Deuout and Pittifull, being Crossed in the Councell of Vezelay, for the Voyage ouer the Seas; tooke his Wife Queene A••lianor in company with him. Shee affecting change, complained among her Houshold People, that shee was mar∣ried to a Monke: I alledge the words of Mathew Paris▪ throughout the History of England in his time,* 1.54 and not any other. Shee became enamoured of a Prince of the Sarazens, named Saladine, who was famed to bee a braue and valiant Knight, in the Barriers belonging to the Goddesse of Loue, and Letters hauing flowne from either side (pretending matter of other subiect) an enteruiew was made between the Kings & Christian Princes, with consent of Saladine, at Melande, where hauing seene Queen Aelianor at his pleasure, he became so wounded; that the sore (hauing long time feste∣red) gaue further instruction for recuring, and (in time) succeeded to the rest. Nulla t••m occlusae fores, quin pateat aditus Feli, & Adultero▪ so say the Greekes as a common Prouerbe.

* 1.55All such Christian Prisoners, as shee desired to haue of the said Prince Saladine, were speedily sent her well cloathed, and without any ransome. These familiari∣ties were the cause, that the King her Husband, and the Christian Princes (there as∣sembled for the good of Christendome) would haue had her made some assignation & rendeuous to the said Saladine, for the surprizing of him by an Ambuscado: which shee would neuer yeeld to doe, but contrariwise, gaue him aduertisement thereof, resoluing to make her selfe banquerout, both of God, her honor and husband, to follow Saladine.

Which caused the said Deuout King to returne home into France, where hee assembled the Prelates and Lords of his Parliament at Baugency on Loire, by whose Decree, hee separated himselfe from his Wife, alleadging the Orders pro∣hibited by the Church, to Contract Marriage, and laying some blame on himselfe,

only to couer the honour of the said Aelianor, by whom hee had two Daughters married to two Brothers.

Mary to Henry le Large, Count Palatine of Champaigne, and Brie.

Alix, to Thibauld, Fourth of the name, Count of Blois.

But hee was reproued by his Councell, vpon good and iust cause, in regard hee gaue her liberty, to withdraw freely into her owne Lands, which were of very great extendure, and (by the meanes of this Diuorce) were very vnaduisedly disunited from the Crowne of France. Because in such occurrences he ought (imitating the Kings his Predecessors) to haue limited her to some place of assurance, and there haue giuen her leysure (during the remainder of her life time) to acknowledge her offence.

A••lianor was not long without company: For the yeare after her separation,* 1.56 to wit, the yeare of Grace, One Thousand, One Hundred, Fifty One, shee espoused Henry (Eldest Sonne to Geoffery of Aniou, and the Empresse Mahauld of England) Duke of Normandy and Count of Aniou, Touraine and Maine, by his owne right, and by the iust Title of the said Aelianor his Wife, Duke of Aquitaine, and Count of Poictou; by meanes of which accessions, hee was one of the greatest and most potent Princes in the Kingdome of France. So that in the Yeare, One Thousand, One Hundred, Fifty Two, Henry of Aniou crossed from Normandy into England, with a Fleete of two and thirty Shippes, well furnished with good Soldiours and proui∣sion for Warre, where hee began rough encounters against King Stephen,* 1.57 who the same yeare, and on the day of Saint Laurence, lost his Sonne Eustace of Bologne, by a sodaine and vnexpected death.

In the yeare Fifty and Three, the Prelates and Barons of England, endeuored to make peace betweene King Stephen and Duke Henry of Aniou, vpon these conditi∣ons: That the King should adopt, and accept (as his Sonne and Successour) the said Henry of Aniou in the Realme of England▪ yet the King himselfe to enioy his Royall right, all the rest of his life time.

Which being thus agreed on, and the States of England hauing sworn obeysance to Henry, and acknowledging him for their Prince, after the Kings decease: it for∣tuned that hee liued not long after, because he dyed the yeare following, the eight of the Calends of Nouember. So by his death, Henry of Aniou, Second of the name, in the yeare, One Thousand, One Hundred, Fifty Foure, the Sunday before Christ∣masse, the fourteenth of the Calends of Ianuary,* 1.58 was sollemnly crowned King of England at Westminster, by Thibauld Archbishop of Canterbury. This Henry was called Short-Mantle, because hee delighted to goe cloathed in short Gar∣ments.

In the Yeare, One Thousand, One Hundred, Fifty Two, Queene A••lianor was deliuered in Childbed of her first Sonne, whom our Histories call Henry, & Ma∣thew Paris William. Eodem Anno natus est Dux Henrico ex Aelienore vxore sua Filius, & vocatus est Willielmus, quod peoprium nomen est Dux Aquitanorum & Commitibus Andegauensium. But this childe (according to the said Paris) died the yeare an Hun∣dred, Fifty Sixe.

The same Author maketh this Henry, Second Sonne, of whom he appointeth the birth to bee in the yeare an Hundred. Fifty Fiue, & in the City of London the chiefe City of England. Natus est Londonijs pridie Calendas Martij, Henrico nono Anglorum Regi, ex Regina A••lienore Filius legitimus, & vocatus est Henricus.

In the same yeare,* 1.59 the said second King Henry resolued on the Conquest of Ire∣land, whereof he demanded the title, and permission to conquer it, of Pope Adrian, paying yearely for euery house, one penny of an hundred, into the Treasury of Saint Peter, which was granted vnto him.

The yeare, One Thousand, One Hundred, Fifty and Seauen, was borne Richard, third Sonne of King Henry & Queene Aelianor, in the City of Oxford in England. And the yeare following, the said Aelianor lay in of a fourth Sonne, who was na∣med Geoffrey. And the Chancellour of England Thomas Becket, went on the be∣halfe of the King his Maister, to demand in Marriage Madame Margaret of France, Daughter to King Lewes the younger, and of Queene Cons••ance, Daughter to Al∣Alphonso,

seauenth Knig of Castile,* 1.60 for the Prince of England Henry, then aged but three or foure yeares onely, which was granted to him.

In the yeare One Thousand, One Hundred, Sixty Two, Queene Aelianor was deliuered of a Daughter at Rouen, who had the name of her Mother Aelianor, and who in the yeare,* 1.61 One Thousand, One Hundred, Sixty Nine, was Wife to Alphon∣so, Eight of the name, King of Castile. And of this Marriage was borne, the wise and vertuous Queene Blanche, Wife to King Lewes, Eight of the name (Sirnamed the Lyon, for his inuincible courage, and of Mont-pensier, because that after the taking the City of Auignion from the Albigeois Heretiques, where hee was impriso∣ned, and returning into France, hee dyed at Montpensier in Auuergne) and of this Marriage was borne the King S. Lewes, and many other children.

* 1.62Formerly, this Aelianor, Wife to Alphonso King of Castile, had another Daugh∣ter named Mahauld (as wee vnderstand by the said Mathew Paris) who was married to the Duke of Saxony Henry, Father to the Emperour Otho, fourth of the name, (of whom we haue spoken in our Second Booke) who, in the right of his Mother con∣tended (but to no purpose or benefit) for the Kingdome of England, after the death of his Vncles, & the marders committed on the persons of Arthur and A••li∣anor of Bretaigne (children to the Prince Geoffrey of Bretaigne) by the meanes and in the right of Constance his Wife, & of Richmond his chiefe claime, by King Iohn With∣out-Land, their Paternall Vncle.

Of this Alliance of Mahauld of England, and Henry Duke of Saxony, Mathew Pa∣ris, saith. Anno Domini, M.C LXV. Reginaldus Coloniensis Archiepiscopus venit ad West-m••nasterium ad Regem Henricum, accepturus in coniugem Matildem Filiam Regis Pr••mogenitam Henrico Saxoniae Duci.

* 1.63In the same yeare Queene Aelianor had another Daughter, who was called Ioane, Wife in first Marriage to William King of Sicilie. In her second Marriage, shee es∣poused Raymond de Saint Gilles, Count of Tolosa, fourth of the name, Protectour of the Albig••ois Heretiques. For this reason in my Manuscript Chron••cle, concer∣ning the life of this Count of Tholosa, and of Simon de Mont-fort his aduersary, I tearme it P••ssime Herese, according to the language of the time. And for this cause, Raymond the younger his Sonne, and last Count of Tholosa, could neuer obtaine power and permission of the Church, to bury the body of the said old Count Ray∣mond ••is Father, in any hallowed ground, or to take it out of the prophane place, where yet his Graue is to be seene in the Garden of the Commandery of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem, neere to the Dealeade.

* 1.64In the yeare, an Hundred, Sixty Sixe, the said Queene A••lianor was deliuered of a Sonne, who had to name Iohn, and was Sirnamed (by his Father) Without Land.

Now the Count of Bretaigne Conan being dead, in the Yeare, One Thousand, One Hundred, Sixty Eight, Constance, Daughter and Sister to the Kings of Scotland; left by his Wife but one Daughter (bearing the name of her Mother) as his onely Heyre, whom the King of England caused to be espoused to his third Son Geoffrey, whom the King of England caused to be espoused to his third Sonne Geoffry, who was Count of Bretaigne, in the right of his Wife Constance, as we haue already said in the Tract of the Ermine.

* 1.65In the yeare, One Thousand, One Hundred, and Seauenty, the fourth of the Ca∣lends of Iuly, King Henry the Second caused his Eldest Sonne Henry to be crowned King of England (then aged about fifteene yeares) by Roger, Archbishop of yorke, and the Bishops Suffragans to the Archbishop of Canterbury.

* 1.66In the yeare after the said Coronation, Thomas Becket (whose Genealogie wee haue set downe in our History of Nauarre) Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of England, was slaine in his Church, on a Tuesday morning in the feast of Christ∣mas▪ One Thousand, One Hundred, Seauenty One. Hee was the yeare follow∣ing Canonized, and rancked among the Saints Martyrs, his Graue reported to bee night and day full of Miracles: The foure Murderers which had slaine him, and the King of England Henry (reputed to bee Author of the Murder) were excommu∣nicated by the Pope. And during that yeare, the Primatiall Church, being with∣out diuine Seruice in it, had the Altars vnpaued, and the whole Church likewise, as

••eft naked, and the Belles vn-hung, in signe of sorrow and sadnesse, vntill the Day of Saint Thomas the Apostle, when by authority from the Pope, the Church was pu∣••ified, and diuine Seruice againe restored, by Bartholmew the Bishop of Oxford, who, ••here celebrated Masse, and made a Sermon beginning with these words: Secun∣••um multitudinem dolorum meorum in corde meo, consolationes tuae laetificant animam ••eam.

And the yeare following,* 1.67 King Henry the Father had his Absolution from the Pope, with many conditions and satisfactions, as well to the Church of Canterbury ••s to the Kindred and friends of the reputed Martyr Saint Thomas of Canterbury, de spoyled of their goods, and banished out of England; with charge also to send (as his owne cost) Two Hundred men of Armes for one whole yeare, ouer the Seas, to fight with the Sarrazins in the Holy Land.

This was done in Normandy, and the Kings, both Father and Sonne, promised & sware to fulfill the Conditions in euery poynt, according as they were prescribed by Albert and Theodore, Cardinalls and Legates to Pope Alexander, Third of that name.

This being done, the young King returned into England, leading with him his newly espoused Wife, Madame Margaret of France, crowned Queene by Retrou,* 1.68 Archbishop of Rouen, assisted with the Suffragans, belonging to the Primacy of Can∣terbury, the Second of the Calends of September, in the yeare, One Thousand, One Hundred, Seauenty Two.

The next yeare ensuing, the young King Henry tooke Armes against his Father,* 1.69 in such sort, as all England was (in an instant) filled with partialities, taking and re∣taking Townes and places, with robberies, slaughters and murders; as was prophe∣sied before by the Martyre Saint Thomas, and before his death. The young King withdrawing himselfe out of England, went into France, to King Lewes the youn∣ger, his Fa••h••r in Law, with him were ioyned his Brethren, Richard Duke of Aqui∣taine, and Geoffrey, Count of Bretaigne, by the aduice and councell of A••lianor their Mother. So the Kings Father was punished for Beckets death,* 1.70 by the fruit of his owne loynes, who still pursued him (saith Mathew Paris) euen to death. But by me∣diation of King Lewes the Seauenth, peace was made betweene the Father and his Sonnes, who (according to their duty) desired pardon of him, because they had ri∣sen and rebelled in Armes against him.

It fortuned in the yeare One Thousand, One Hundred, Foure Score & Three that the King Father would compell his Sonnes, Richard Duke of Aquitaine, and Count of P••ictou, by his Mother, and Geoffrey the Count of Bretaign••, in right of his Wife Constance, to doe homage for their Lands to their Elder Brother King Henry the younger. Against which they opposed themselues, saying▪ That they were men, and faithfull Subiects to the King of France, their Soueraigne Lord, and so were they not to him of England.

This refusall was the cause that the Father leuied an Army,* 1.71 which hee commit∣ted to the Conduct of his Sonne King Henry, to make them obey him. But while the busines went forward, Henry the young King dyed in the Flower of his age (be∣ing aged eight and twenty yeares) on Saint Barnabies day, in the same yeare, Foure Score and Three, and was buried before the High Altar in the chiefe Church of Rouen.

Queene Margaret, his Widdow, was afterward remarried to Bela King of Hun∣gary; after whose death, shee spent the rest of her life in the Holy-Land, and was buried in the City of Acres.* 1.72 The forenamed King Henry the younger deceased with∣out issue, in the Castell of Martell, in the Vicounty of Turen, thus writeth Mathew Paris. In s••ore ••uuentutis ••uae cùm annum aetatis Vigesimum Octauum compleuisset, intra Gasconiam, in illotractu terra, quae Torroina dicitur, apud Castellum Martel, in fes••o Sancti Barnabae Apostoli, Rex iunior è medio substractus est.

This death was followed with that of his Third Brother,* 1.73 Geoffrey Count of Bre∣taigne, hee deceasing at Paris, as we haue obserued in the Third Booke, in the yeare of Grace, One Thousand, One Hundred, Foure Score and Sixe. Eodem anno Gau∣fridus Comes Britanniae, & Regis Angliae Pilius diem clausit supremum, Decimo Quarto

Kalendas Septembris, & sepultus est Parisijs, in Ecclesia beatae Mariae in choro Cam••∣rum. Reliquit autem duas filias, quas genuerat ex Constantia vxore eius filia, videlicet Ca∣••ani Comitis Britanniae, quae etiam tempore quo vir eius obijt grauida fuit, quae postea pari∣ens Arturum illum vocauit.

Two yeares after, the King of France Phillip Augustus, by force of Armes con∣strained the said King Henry the second,* 1.74 to make peace with his Sonne Richard, and as well to resigne to him the Kingdome of England, as also whatsoeuer he possessed in France by his Fathers inheritance. Which being done at Tours, he came to Chi∣non, where (in griefe) he tooke his bed, and three dayes after this agreement, he dyed at the said place of Chinon, in the yeare One thousand one hundred fourescore and eight, the Octaues of Saint Peter in Iune. As they carried his body to be in∣terred in the Monastery of Font-Eurauld, Royally cloathed, the Crowne of Gold on his head, rich Gloues on his hands, Buskins of cloath of gold on his legges, guilt Spurres on his heeles, his great Seale on his finger, the Scepter in his hand, and Sword by his side; hauing his face bare and vncouered: Richard his Sonne, came running to the conuoye,* 1.75 and presenting himselfe before the corps, suddenly blood started forth at the nose of the dead King, and ran out extreamely boyling. Conse∣stim erupit sanguis ex naribus Regis mortui, ac si indignaretur spiritus in aduentu eius, qui eiusdem mortis causa esse credebatur, vt videretur sanguis clamare ad Deum: So saith Mathew Paris. Such sights are ordinarily seene, at the approachings and confron∣tings of murderers of the murdered. And this accident was followed by the death of Mahaula, wife to the Duke of Saxon, Daughter to the said King Hen∣ry the second, shee being come into England, and grieuing for the decease of her Father.

In his estate and dignities succeeded Richard, first of the name, and for the first act of his reigne, he set at libertie Queene Aelianor his Mother, whom the King her husband had kept in strict imprisonment. Fifteene yeares he had continued in Eng∣land, in the Ides of August, and after he was absolued by the Archbishops of Can∣terburie, of Rouen and of Treues, because he had borne Armes, and made warre so many times against his Father: he proceeded to his Sacring and Coronation, which is perticularly described by Mathew Paris,* 1.76 because the Crowne of England, being falne into the house of the Counts of Aniou; many ceremonies were therein vsed, belonging to that of the most Christian Kings of France, to whom they were allied.

The meeting appointed to be at Westminster, and not at London, the chiefe Citie of the Kingdome,* 1.77 the Clergie in order went foremost with the Crosse, holy Water and perfuming Censors, cloathed in their goodliest Coapes, followed by Archbi∣shops, Bishops and Abbots in their Pontificall habits. So went they on to the doore of Duke Richards Chamber, whence they conducted him into the Church and roy∣all Chappell of Westminster, and before the high Altar thereof, in a solemne Pro∣cession. In the midst of the Bishops and Cleargie, went foure Barons, each bea∣ring a rich Candlesticke, with waxe tapers lighted in them, being followed by two Earles, the first whereof carried the Scepter Royall, on the top whereof was a signe or ma••ke of Gold (Mathew Paris doth not expresse it, Sceptrum Regale; in cuius su••∣mitate signum erat aureum) and the other a royall Rod, hauing a Doue on the end thereof. After them went two other Earles, and one in the midst of them, who carried three Swords in faire guilded Scabards. Next followed sixe Earles and Ba∣rons, bearing an Exchecker (portantes Scacarium vnum) whereon were the Royall ornaments, after which followed the Earle of Excester alone, bearing aloft the Crowne Royall, enriched with infinite precious Stones, and then went the King be∣tweene two Bishops, ouer whose head foure Barons carried a goodly Canopie or Heauen of State, on foure golden Lances.

Being come to the Altar, before the people and Cleargie, the King sware vpon the Euangelists, and many Reliques of Saints, to giue (all his life time) due honour and reuerence to God, to his holy Church, and to the Pastours thereof; he swore and promised also, to render good Iustice to the people, whom God had commit∣ted to his charge; to abolish all euill Lawes and bad customes, and to ordaine such

as are good. Which words being spoken, the Bishops and Chamberlaines atten∣ding on him, tooke off his ordenary garments, except his Breeches and Shirt, which was made open and vnsowne vpon his shoulders. And then Baldwine, Archbishop of Canterburie, consecrated and annointed him with holy Oyle in Foure parts,* 1.78 on his Head, his Shoulders, and his right Arme: All which while, the Quire sung the vsuall Prayers, which commonly are exercised in such Ceremonies, couering his head with a hallowed Cappe of fine Linnen, and putting also a Bonnet thereon. Posito deinde super caput eius panno lineo sacrato, pileum desuper posuit. And after they had put on his Sandales, ••issued and wrought with Gold, then they brought him his Royall Ornaments, namely the Tunick and Dalmaticke, and then the Archbishop gaue the Sword into his hand, for the punishment of such as should doe euill to the Church.

This being done, two Earles did put on his Spurres, and cloathed him with the royall Cloak (of crimosine Veluet, thick powdred with golden Leopards) the Arch∣bishop gaue him expresse charge, in the high name of God Almighty, to publish o∣penly and aloud, whether he was resolued to obserue and keepe intirely, all those things whereto he was sworne, or no. Whereto the King answered, that (by the helpe of God) he would faithfully keepe whatsoeuer hee had promised, without fraud or false meaning. And then the King went to take the Crowne on the Altar, which he deliuered into the hands of the Archbishop, who hauing crowned the King therewith, put the Scepter Royall into his right hand, and the Rod of Iustice into the left, and with these adornements he was conducted to his Throane, by the Bi∣shops and Barons, the Crosse, Candlesticks and three Swords being borne before him in such manner as formerly hath bin related.

The same was done at the Offering, at the Agnus Dei, at kissing the Paxe, and at the Procession after high Masse. Returning into the Quire againe, the King was deuested of his Royall Ornaments, for putting on other more light, and going all in order to the Royall Dinner, the Archbishop of Canterbury, being seated in the most eminent place of the Table, on the right hand of the King, the other Archbi∣shops, Bishops, Earles and Barons, according to their rancke and dignitie, were sea∣ted in order, and then followed the people and Cleargie. This Coronation was per∣formed on Sunday, the third of the Nones of September, in the said yeare, one thou∣sand one hundred fourescore and eight, & on the morrow, he receiued the Homages of the Lords of the Kingdome.

This Richard, sirnamed Coeur de Lyon, for his valiancie,* 1.79 went in the voyage be∣yond the Seas, with King Phillip Augustus, in the yeare One thousand one hundred fourescore and tenne. Which voyage is amply described by Mathew Paris, but maketh no matter to our discourse, wherefore we will let passe in silence, the parti∣cularities remarked by the said Mathew Paris. Both the Kings tooke Shipping at Mar∣seilles, where they deuided themselues, King Phillip shaping his course for Geneway, and the King of England sayling to Messina in Sicilie.

Richard (at his returne) endured ten thousand afflictions, whereof briefely behold the subiect. In the yeare One thousand one hundred fourescore and twelue,* 1.80 Leopold Duke of Austria came into the holy Land, to beare Armes there, as other Christian Princes did. At his Arriuall, the Marshall of his Campe hauing marked out a Lodg∣ing for the Duke his Maister, planted downe his Tent and his Ensigne on it. A Nor∣man, being a follower to King Richard, maintained, that the lodging place belong∣ed to him. From words they fell to blowes, and Richard, without vnderstanding the reasons of the parties, caused the Duke of Austriaes Tent and Ensigne to be pul'd downe, and hurl'd (vpon a heape) into a ditch of mire. The Duke made complaint to Richard, to haue reparation of this offence, but he payed him with derision: whereupon, the Duke seeing he was despised, desired God to doe reason for him, and then he would remit the iniurie.

Richard, after he had done wonderfull deedes in the Holy-Land, was aduertised, that his Brother Iohn without Land,* 1.81 sought to possesse himselfe of the Kingdome of England, which made him resolue of returning home. And being on the Sea, with the Queene Berengaria of Nauarre his wife, and Ioan of Sicilie her Sister, he so conti∣nued

seauen weekes together, suffering infinite miseries, and lastly was cast on the coast of Barbarie, from whence (within the space of three dayes) he might haue bin at Marseilleis. But fearing the Count of S. Gilles and of Prouince, with whom he had dealte but hollowlie in the Holy-land:* 1.82 he determined to shape his course thorow Ger∣manie, and from thence passe for England, without aduenturing into France, where Phillip Augustus kept a choaking Peare in store for him, to quench his thirst.

Heerupon he put to Sea againe, accompanied with three men only, to wit Baldwi••e of Bethon, Maister Phillip his Clearke, and Anselme his Chaplaine, and some Brethren Templers, who for their owne preseruation, went to the Land on coasts of Scl••∣nia, from the Port of Gazara, whether Richard sent one of his people, to the neerest Castle, for a Pasport from the Lord thereof, that he might trauaile thorow his Lands in safetie. The Lord of this Prouince was Nephew to the Marquesse of Mont-fera••, slaine by an Assassine some while before, by intelligence of the said Richard, as some reported. Richard being in his iourney, had bought of a Ieweller of Pisa three Rubies, valuing the sum of nine hundred Bezans, and had caused them to be beauti∣fied with curious workemanship.* 1.83 One of them he sent to the Lord of the Prouince, who desired to know of the messenger, what he was, that should send him such a p••••∣sent. Answere was made, that they were Voyagers, returning from the Holy-Land, the chiefe wherof was named Baldwine of Bethon, with his associate, & a Merchant, named Hugo, who sent him that Iewell. The Lord looking aduisedly on it, said to the messen∣ger: That Merchant is King Richard, I know it by this King. And although I haue sworne a sollemne oath, to stay all Pilgrimes returning from the Holy-land, without taking any thing of,* 1.84 or from them: yet notwithstanding, for the beautie of this present, and dignitie of him that sent it; I return him backe his Ring, and licence to passe freely through my countries.

The messenger reported to King Richard what had hapned, and being much affraid of stay in his enemies countries, Richard and his followers, being furnished with hired horsses, departed secretly from the Porte. They were (neuerthelesse) pursued on the Lords behalfe, by Spies, that had giuen intelligence to his Brother (who was an other Lord of the same Prouince) in hope of taking Richard, if he passed thorow his lands▪ Richard arriuing (vnluckilie) in the Cittie where the same Lord dwelt, vpon aduertis∣ment of his Brother,* 1.85 he commanded a man, whom he held to be most faithfull of all his followers, (named Roger, a Norman by nation, and borne in Argentane, who had continued twentie yeares in his seruice, and enioyed his Niece in marrige) to visite and search exactly all the Innes in the Cittie, wherof he would giue him the halfe in propri∣tie, if he could discouer the King of England.

Roger discouered him, making himselfe knowne to be a Norman, giuing him aduer••i••∣ment,* 1.86 what search was made for him, and aduising him withall (for his good) to dis∣lodge thence so soone as he could, sending him a very good Horsse. Now, while Ri∣chard was prouiding for his escape, Roger fed his Lord with nothing but lies and fa∣bles: that it was a man named Baldwine of Bethon (and not King Richard) and com∣panions of his returning home from the Holy-land. But the Lord not satisfied with this answere, made stay of all of them in the Innes.

Richard saued himselfe by a more prosperous wind, with one named Guillannie de l' Estang, and a Boy, that vnderstood the Germaine tongue, trauayling three dayes and nights, without receiuing any sustenance, or tarying in any place. But hunger pres∣sing them extreamely, they came to lodge in a Towne, being neere to the Kiuer of Da∣nubie, named Gynatia in Austria, as saith Mathew Paris, but according to the Histories of Germanie (which I haue read) it is called Erdbourg, where then remained Leopold, Duke of Austria, to welcome Richard thither, like him falne out of a Feauer, into a farre worse disease.* 1.87 Being come to his Inne, he sent his Boy to make prouision for him in the Market, where the Boy shewing his pursse to be full of Bezans, and buying very exquisite victuals: he was stayed by the inhabitants of the Towne, to vnderstand fur∣ther of his condition. Hauing certefied them, that he belonged to a wealthie Mer∣chant, who would arriue there within three dayes; they pe••mitted him to depart. Ri∣chard being heerof aduertised, and much distasted in his health, by so many hard suf∣ferances on the Seas, and perillous passages on the wayes: concluded, to repose there

some few dayes in the Towne. During which time the Boy alwayes made their pro∣uision of food. But by ill accident, on the day of Saint Thomas the Apostle, the Boy being in the Market, chaunced (through neglect) to haue King Richards Gloues tuckt vnder his Girdle. The Magistrate of the Towne o••seruing it, tooke the Boy, and gaue him torment, to make him confesse whose Gloues they were. The power of punish∣ment, and threates, to haue his tongue cut out of his head, compelled him to tell the trueth. So in short while after, the Duke of Austria hearing the tydings,* 1.88 engirt the Inne where Richard was (with a band of armed men, and Richard) with his Sword in his hand yielded himselfe to the Duke, which kept him strongly enuironed with well armed Souldiours, who watched him night and day, with their Swords readie drawne. This is the affirmation of Mathew Paris, concerning the surprizall of King Ri∣chard.

But I haue read an ancient Manuscript of old Poesies, written about those very ••imes, which reporteth this Historie otherwise. Saying,* 1.89 that Richard being in his ••nne, disguised himselfe like a seruant Cooke, larding his meate, broching it, and then turning it at the fire himselfe. In which time, one of the Duke of Austrieas fol∣••owers, being then in the Inne, came (accidentally) into the Kitchin, who tooke know∣••edge of this Royall Co••ke, not by his face, which he had purposely disfigured with ••he soyling of the Kitchin; but by a Ring of Gold, which (very vnaduisedly) he wore on his finger. This man, ran immediatly and aduertised the Duke his Maister, that the King of England was within the compasse of his power, and vpon this aduertisement Richard was arrested.

In the yeare following, namely, One thousand one hundted fourescore & thirteen ••he Duke sold King Richard to the Emperor Henry,* 1.90 for the sum of threescore thou∣••and pounds of Siluer, the pounds answering the weight & order obserued at Cologne. With which sum Leopold towred the wals of the Citie of Vienna in Austria, & bought ••he Duchie of Styria, Neopurg, and the Counties of Lins and Wels, of the Bishops of ••assau and of Wirtspourg. So speaketh the Latin Chronicle of Otho of Austria, Bishop ••f Frisinghen, for these perticularities were forgotten by Mathew Paris, who further ••aith: That in the same yeere of fourescore and thirteene, the third holy day after Palme-Sunday, Leopold led Richard prisoner to the Emperor, who sent him vnder sure ••uard to the Tribales. Retrudi eum praecepit in Triballis, à quo carcere nullus ante dies ••tos exiuit, qui ibidem intrauit: de quo Aristoteles Libro Quinto. Bonum est mactare Pa∣••em in Triballis; & alibi,

Sunt loca, sunt gentes, quibus est mactare parentes.

The Englishmen were more then a whole yeare,* 1.91 without hearing any tydings of ••heir King, or in what place he was kept prisoner. He had trained vp in his Court a Ri∣••er or Minstrill, called Blondell de Nesle, who (so saith the Manuscript of old Poesies, ••nd an auncient Manuscript French Chronicle) being so long without the sight of his ••ord, his life seemed wearisome to him, and he became much confounded with me∣••ncholly. Knowne it was, that he came backe from the Holy Land, but none could ••ell in what Countrey he arriued. Whereupon this Blondel, resoluing to make search ••or him in many Countries, but he would heare some newes of him; after expence ••f diuers dayes in trauaile, he came to a Towne (by good hap) neere to the Castell ••here his Maister King Richard was kept. Of his Host he demanded, to whom the Castell appertained, and the Host told him, that it belonged to the Duke of Austria. Then he enquired, whether any prisoners were therein detained, or no; for alwayes ••e made such secret questionings, wheresoeuer he came; and the Hoste gaue answer, ••t there was one onely Prisoner, but he knew not what he was, and yet he had bin ••etained there more then the space of a yeare. When Blondel heard this, he wrought ••ch meanes, that he became acquainted with them of the Castell, as Minstrels doe ••sily win acquaintance any where; but see the King he could not, neither vnderstād ••at it was h••. One day he sat directly before a window of the Castell,* 1.92 where King ••chard was kept prisoner, and began to sing a Song in French, which King Richard ••d Blondel had sometime composed together. When King Richard heard the Song, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 knew it was Blondel that sung it, & when Blondel paused at halfe of the Song, the ••ng entreated him to sing the rest. Thus Blondel won knowledge of the King his

Maister, and returning home into England, made the Barons of the Countrie acquain∣ted where the King was.

Otho Frisinghensis reporteth, that Pope Leo then ruling the Church, excomm••ni∣cated the said Leopold,* 1.93 because by the like imprisoning, the Pilgrimes returning from the Holy-Land, were greatly wronged, the voyage intermitted & impeached, to the great preiudice and hinderance of the Latines of the East. And that the Emperour Henry preuailed by money, to get into his power the King of England (as he did) and kept him vnder sure guard, strongly giued and fettered in the Citie of Wormes, where the Emperor then remained, who made cōposition for the said Princes ransome, rai∣sing therby a great sum of monie. Mathew Paris speaketh nothing of this fulmination.

Onely he saith, by the pursuite and dilligence of Hugh, Abbot of Cluny, and Wi••¦am, Chancellour of England, the Emperour held a Diet in Germanie, whereat were assembled the Bishops, Dukes and Counts of the Empire, whether he brought King Richard,* 1.94 and charged him with many infamous actions.

1. First of all, that by his counsel and meanes, he had lost the Kingdome of Apug•• & that of Sicilie, which belonged to him by hereditary right, after the death of King William, and for the recouery whereof, he had spent vnspeakable sums of monie, an•• brought a puissant Armie thither to none effect, wherein King Richard promised h•• assistance faithfully, & to mediate with Tancred, to restore the said Kingdomes to him.

2. Concerning the Kingdome of Cyprus, that in pride and brauery, he had pre••••¦med thereon, which appertained to his kinsman and allie, whom he had vniustly, and without any grounded reason despoiled, and put in prison rigorously, inuading h•••• Treasures and Realme and selling it to a stranger Prince.

3. With the death of the valiant Marquesse of Montferrat, heire to the said Em∣peror, whom he had traiterously pursued, and so wrought with the Arsacides, that in∣humanely they murdered him.

4. That on the like occasion, he had sent the Arsacides, to massacre the King o•• France his Soueraigne Lo••d Phillip Augustus, by an insigne trechery, against the oath and homage which he had sworne vnto him.

5. And that by an act of ouer-weening pride and rashnesse, to wrong the Prince•• which went to the Holy-land in his time, he had pul'd downe the Standard of his Cou••ne the Duke of Austria, & threw it into a Ditch at the Port of Iaph, vsing word•• of arrogancie and ini••rie, against the Germaine Natton.

King Richard defended himselfe worthily, washing his hands by the best meane he could d••uise;* 1.95 & yet neuerthelesse, to get out of the Emperors fingers, he was con∣strained to compound and pay to the said Emperor, an hundred and fortie thousan•• Markes of money (according to the poize of Cologne) for his ransome, whereof h•• paied part ready downe, and gaue sufficient Hostages for the rest.

* 1.96During the imprisonment of King Richard, Earle Iohn without Land his Brother beleeuing he should neuer come home againe; laboured to possesse himselfe of th•• Kingdome of England, and of the Seigneuries belonging to the Crowne of France.

In this designe he was fauoured by the King Phillip Augustus, in hatred of th•• which King Richard had said vnto him, being in Sicilie, that Alix his Sister, whom h•• had long time fianced, should neuer haue any thing of him. So saith Rigordus for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 especiall obseruation, and that this was the true sourse, whence sprung the mallice be¦tweene these two great Princes, in their voyage to the Holy-land. Which neuerthe¦lesse, Mathew Paris hath not spared to touch, to impose the blame on Phillip August•••• whom he taxeth at euery word, to discharge his owne King Richard, who (by his re¦turne) disappointed his so forward Brother.

In the yeare One thousand one hundred fourescore and fifteene, King Richard se•• his Ambassadors to the Holy See,* 1.97 & to the Pope, to complain & craue iustice, for th•• outrages he receiued by Leopold Duke of Austria, who had staied him as a prisone•• returning from his perillous voyage of the Holy-land, and vsed him otherwise, the•• a Prince of his qualitie ought to be; that he had sold him to the Emperor, as if he ha•• bin an Oxe or an Asse (these are the very words of Mathew Paris) and that both o•• them together, intended to ruinate his Kingdome, by the excessiue value of his ra••¦some. That both these Princes (although they were Christians) had worse dea••

with him, then Saladine could haue done, a vowed enemy to the Christians, if by hazard of the Warre, he should haue fallen into his hands, against which Saladine the said Richard was come to fight, from one of the corners of the World, to the o∣ther, abandoning his Kingdome wherein he was but newly seated, his deare Coun∣trey, Kindred and friends. That therefore the Pope should command the said Le∣opold and others, to send him the Hostages, which he and they kept for the rest of his ransome, restoring that againe vnto him, which they had vniustly extorted from him, with all his expences, damages, & interests, as well to him as his people, whom they had abused.

Pope Celestine the Third,* 1.98 after hee had three seuerall times summoned the Duke of Austria Leopold; by the aduise of his Cardinals, he excommunicated particularly and namely the said Leopold, and generally all them that had ill entreated King Ri∣chard and his followers. Hee sent an interdiction on all the Lands of the said Duke, giuing charge and command to the Bishop of Veronna, to publish the Excommuni∣cation three seuerall Sundayes in all the Seigneuries belonging to the said Duke: who should still stand excommunicated, if hee did not restore to King Richard his Hostages, & the monies which he had exacted of him, with the expences, damages, and interests, for his so long time of detention.

The Duke lending a deafe eare to all this,* 1.99 Austria became afflicted with an vni∣uersall Pestilence and famine, the great Riuer of Danubie, mounting out of her bed and ordinary current, drowned and deuasted a great part thereof, and tenne thousand persons. The Duke managing his Horse vpon Saint Stephens day, brake one of his legges, whereinto the Gangrena falling, hee was glad to haue it quite cut off: but the disease extending vp into his thigh, the fire thereof so embraced the body of this miserable Duke; that acknowledging his fault, hee promised to satisfie the Popes Command. Whereupon, the Bishops of the Coun∣trey, gaue him absolution of the Excommun••cation, which he had incurred,* 1.100 & mini∣stred vnto him the Communion of the faithfull, and so hee dyed cruelly. His body remained a long time without burial, full of wormes crawling in it, because his Sons made no account of satisfying King Richard; to whom at length they sent his Hosta∣ges, so saith Mathew Paris.

But Otho of Austria, Bishop of Frisinghen, affirmeth, that the Pope excommunica∣ted Leopold, and relateth his death in another manner. That falling (on a day) from his Horse, he brake his leg, and the affliction thereof causing him to detest the vani∣ties of the world: hee became a Hermite of S. Augustines Order, leauing his Seig∣neuries to his Sonnes Leopold and Fredericke, And that hee died in the yeare, One Thousand, One Hundred, Foure Score and Foureteene.

The said King Richard in the last yeare of his Reigne, which was 1199. made war against the Poicteuins, who were become rebels vnto him, putting all to fire & sword.* 1.101 Finally, he came into Limosine, laid Siege before the Castle of Chaluz, where he was wounded with an arrow, & empoysoned Quarrell, shot from the said Castle by one named Peter Bazile; the seauenth of the Calends of Aprill. He liued twelue daies af∣ter, in which time the Castle was yeelded. The poyson reaching to the heart, King Richard dyed on Tuesday the eighteenth of the Ides of Aprill. Hee commanded his Entrailes and Bowels to be carried to Poictiers, his Heart to Rouen, and his Body to Font-Eurauld (for reasons alleadged by Mathew Paris) to be buried at the feet of his Father. Mathew relateth not the subiect of this besieging the Castle of Chaluz, and of Cabrit, because he would not taxe his Prince of Couetousn••sse.

But the Monke of S. Denis in France Rigordus, who liued at the same time,* 1.102 enstru∣cteth vs that there was a rich Treasury, for the pictures of the Emperor Charlemaigne, or of Lewes the debonnaire, his wiues & Children, Sons & Daughters, were seated at a Table made all of fine Gold. Thus you heare what he saith, and as it followeth.

Anno Domini M.C.XCIX. Sexta Idus Aprilis, Ricardus Rex, Angliae iuxta Lemoui∣cam Ciuitatem grauiter vulneratus occubuit. Obsederat enim Castrum quoddam quod Calidum lucium (de Capreolo Lemouicenses vocant) hebdomada Passionis Dominicae occasi∣••ne cuiusdam the sauri, à quoddam Milite ibidem inuenti, quod ex nima ambitione à Viceco∣mite Lemouicensi instantissime sibi reddi petebat: Miles enim qui thesaurum inuenerat, ad

ipsum Vicecomitem confugerat. Dum vero Rex in obsidione Castri moram faceret, & per singulos dies ipsum Castrum viriliter impugnaret, Balistarius quidam ex improui∣so, quarello transmisso, Regi Angliae lethale vulnus intulit, & paucis reuolutis diebus, vi∣am vniuersae carnis ingressus est. Sepultus vero quiescit apud Fontem Ebrardi, in quadam Abbatia Monialium, iuxta Patrem suum. Thesaurus autem praedictus, vt ferebatur, fue∣rat Imperator quidam de Auro purissimo cum vxore & Filijs, & Filiabus ad mensam au∣ream residentibus, qui Posteris, quo tempore fuerant, certam dabant memoriam. To the said King Richard the First, dying without Issue, and who (as we haue noted be∣fore) instituted for his Heyre and Successor his Nephew Arthur, Count of Bre∣taigne; succeeded (by force of Armes) his last Brother

* 1.103Iohn Without-Land, Earle of Mortaigne, who caused himselfe to bee crowned at Rouen, with the Ducall Circle of Normandy. Comes Iohannes Rotomagum veniens, in octauis Paschae, Gladio Ducatus Normanniae accintus est, in matrice Ecclesia, per ministeri∣um Walteri Rotomagensis Archiepiscopi, vbi Archiepiscopus memoratus, ante maius Alta∣re, in capite eius posuit Circulum Aureum, Habentem in summitate per Gyrum Rosu∣las Aureas artificialiter fabricatas. Behold how wee represent the Ducall Wreath or Garland,* 1.104 which Mathew Paris calleth Circulum, the Circle, which is properly meant for Earles or Counts. His Sacring and Coronation performed at Westmin∣ster and at London, in the Cathedrall Church of Saint Paul, on the Assension day, the Sixt of the Calends of Iune, in the said yeare, One Thousand, One Hundred, Foure Score and Nineteene, and the Oration of the Archbishop of Canterbury Hubert, re∣ported by Mathew Paris; were presages of the misfortunes happening in England in his time, the Kingdome not appertaining to him, but to Arthur, the Count of Bretaigne. For so soone as hee heard of his Brothers death, hee made great diligence (by meanes of the old Queene his Mother Aelianor, and her partakers) to entrap the Children of Geoffrey of Bretaigne, his Brother, in such sort; that Constance, Mother to Arthur, the lawfull Heyre to deceased King Richard, speedily came to Paris, as into a place of assurance.

But within a while after, one Guillaume des Roches, to whom King Philip Augustus had giuen the gouernment of Mans, found meanes to perswade the said young Count A••thur, to make agreement with his Vncle Iohn Without-Land, promising him Mountaines and Vallyes, which were but words, only to bee possessed of him, which caused him to returne the sooner to Paris.

King Iohn (in the life time of King Richard his Brother) had espoused * 1.105 Hauis••, Daughter to the Count of Glocester Robert, Bastard to the King of England Henry, First of that name, a rich Heyre, yet Iohn diuorced her, in the yeare, One Thousand, Two Hundred. The reason of this Diuorce was thus grounded, because they were Kinne in the third Degree; in stead of whom hee tooke Isabell, only Daughter to the Count of Angoulesme, whom the Earle of March, Hugh of Lusignan, Sirnamed the Browne, had formerly espoused; so saith Mathew Paris. Duxit idem Rex Isa∣bellam filiam Comitis Engoulesmi, quam prius susceperat in suam Hugo cognomento Bru∣nus, Comes Marchiae, & Dominica prima ante festum Sancti Dionisij apud Westmonaste∣rium consecratur in Reginam, quae copula postmodum Regi, & Regno Angliae magno detri∣mento fuit. Du Tillet saith, that this Queene Isabell, being Widdow to the said King Iohn, did marry againe with Hugh le Brun, by whom shee had many Chil∣dren.

* 1.106To agree these two opinions, it is expedient to take that of Rigordus, Histriogra∣pher to King Philip Augustus, who (in his life) telleth vs, that this King conueyed a∣way the Wife of the said Earle of March, because the said Hugh le Brun, the Vis∣count of Thouars, and Geoffrey of Lusignan (who were Vassailes to the King of En∣gland) withdrew themselues from his obeysance, (to his no little griefe and dis∣contentment) & gaue themselues in seruice to King Philip Augustus. Sed quia Iohan∣nes vxorem suam Hugoni Bruno in dolo abstulerat, filiam scilicet Comitis Engoulismen∣sis, à fidelitate eius recesserunt, & Regi Francorum, datis obsidibus, confoederati sunt. But after the death of King Iohn, shee came againe to liue with her Hus∣band.

In the same yeare, the Kings of France and England came to an enteruiew

at Vernon, where Count Arthur did Homage to his Vncle King Iohn,* 1.107 for the Coun∣tie of Bretaigne, which (as wee haue elsewhere said) was the Mesne-Fief of the Du∣chie of Normandy. But the said Arthur, fearing treason in his Vncle, continued in the Guard of the King of France, and what King Iohn could not compasse at two seuerall enteruiewes; he executed two yeares after, to wit, in the yeare, One Thou∣sand, Two Hundred and Two, being in the Castell of Falaize. By faire promises & flatteries, he won the said Arthur thither,* 1.108 whom hee sent soone after to New-Castle at Rouen, whither he followed him, and murdered him with his owne hands, and caused his body to bee cast into the Sea, so that it was neuer seene afterward. Hee compassed the meanes also, to get into his power the Sister of Arthur, whom he sent Prisoner into England, where she dyed.

The death of Count Arthur, lawfull Heyre to the Crowne of England,* 1.109 being dis∣couered, King Philip Augustus set on foote a potent Army, to possesse himselfe of Normandie and other Seigneuries, which the said Iohn Without-Land held in the Realme of France, declaring him also to bee guilty of high Treason, a Traytor dis∣loyall, and a fellon to his owne blood, by Decree of the Court of Parliament, fur∣nished with the Peeres, the King sitting in his Throane of Iustice, in the Hall of the Bishop of Paris, in mid-Lent, One Thousand, Two Hundred and Three, as it is re∣ported by Mathew Paris. Prima praepositio fuit in praesentia Domini Papae (at Rome before Pope Innocent the Third) quod Arthurum Nepotem suum proprijs manibus per proditionem interfecit pessime Mortis genere, quod Angli Murder vocant. Pro facto idem Rex condemnatus fuit ad mortem in Curia Regis Francorum per Iudicium Pari∣um suorum. Consuetudo enim est in Regno Francorum, Quod Rex habet omnimo∣do iurisdictionem in Homines ligios suos, & Rex Angliae erat suus homo ligius tan∣quam Comes, & Dux. Ergo licet alios Rex iniunctus, tamen tanquam Comes & Dux, erat de Iurisdictione Domini Regis Francorum. Sed si Comes & Dux in Regno Franco∣rum delinqueret, posset, & deberet iudicari ad mortem per Pares suos. Imo, si non esset Dux vel Comes, vel Homo ligius Regis Franciae, & deliquisset in Regno Franciae, ratione delicti in Regno Franciae perpetrati, potuerunt cum Barones iudicare ad mortem. Alioquin, si Rex Angliae quia Rex erat iniunctus, non posset iuditari ad mortem, impunè posset in∣trare Regnum Franciae, & interficere Barones Franciae, sicut interfecerat Arthurum. Such courses haue likewise past in diuers other Kingdomes, which (notwithstan∣ding are not to bee produced as a warrantable ground or example for any other State to imitate.

At the same time, as this sentence was giuen against King Iohn,* 1.110 the Barons and great Lords of England, that were with him at Caen in Normandie; left him, for∣sooke his Seruice, and withdrew themselues into England; whither the King fol∣lowed them, extorting of all his Noblemen, and of the Conuentuall and Parish Churches, the seauenth part of all their mouables, which begot him farre more ill will then before. As much he did in the yeare Two Hundred and Fiue, which hee continued the whole time of his Reigne.

In the yeare, Two Hundred and Seauen, on the day of Saint Remigius, Queene Isabell of England was deliuered of her Eldest Sonne Henry, by the name of the King his Grandfather.

King Iohn, for his robberies vsed against Churches, his Nobles,* 1.111 and them of the third Estate of England, was long time excommunicated by Pope Innocent the Third, who sent his Legate Pandolph, with the Archbishop of Canterbury, and many other Bishops expelled out of England, to him, to set him in the way of saluation, whereof hee made an outward appearance, and by faire promises, rendred to the Popes Legate the Crowne of England, which he receiued soone after at his hands, as if he held it of the holy Sea of Rome, whereto hee acknowledged himselfe Feu∣datory and Tributary, of a Thousand markes of money yearely. But his deuotion and repentance was of no long continuance, because, when hee saw himselfe absolued of the Censures thundered against him (which hee should haue feared, in regard of the place whence they came) hee grew worse and worse, and laboured to surcharge his Subiects with imposts and Subsidies.* 1.112 Which made them to alienate them∣selues from their obedience, and from the affection which they had sworne to 〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉

Then beholding Thomas and Raoul with dreadfull lookes, and passing before them, he said: That they should come no more into his presence, and that their eyes should no more see his face; because the renowne, or rather infamy of their Apostate Master (meerely mad) did infect his sences with a stincking fauour.

* 1.113The Ambassadours preparing to depart with their short shame, the Ammirant began to obserue Robert of London, Priest to King Iohn, who was a little man and of blackish hayrie skinne, hauing one of his armes longer then the other, his fingers wrong placed, hauing two thumbes together on one hand, & his face like to a Iew or Tawnie More. He considered with him selfe, what misshapen men the King of England had made his choyce of, to be Ambassadours to him, vncapable to manage a matter of such impor∣tance, and especially his Sir Priest Robert, so ill formed as he was. Neuerthelesse he remem••red, that in a deformed body, there might be enclosed an apprehensiue spirit, and he prooue to be a crafty companion: for, beholding the crowne of his head to be shauen, he thought him thereby to be a Priest. He caused him to be called alone by himselfe, for the two other hauing onely spoken before him, the Priest kept the sile••t Clocke all the while.

Hauing thus made stay of him, and sent the two other thence in some disgrace, the Ammirant began to takle and conferre with him priuately, enquiring earnestly of him; if King Iohn his Master had any vertue in him,* 1.114 whereby to make himselfe commen∣dable; if he had any generous children, of fayre expectation and hope; and whether he were pow••rfull in the acte of generation, or no: adding withall, that if Robert gaue him tales in stead of currant payment, hee would neuer after credit a Christian Priest. Robert hauing made oathe, by the faith of a Christian, and of a Priest; promised the Ammirant to tell him the trueth, in whatsoeuer he demaunded of him.

* 1.115First of all he assured him, that King Iohn was rather a Tyrant, then a King, rather a subuerter of his State, then a Gouernour; oppressing and treading downe his Sub∣iect••, to loue, cherish and aduance Strangers. To his people he was terrible, and as rigorous as a Lyon; but to Strangers and Rebells a meere Sheepe. By his sloth and negligence, he had lost many Lands and Seigneuries, and had no other thirst or desire, but to lose and destroy the Kingdome of England. That he was insatiably couetous, dreaming on nothing night and day but to pill and poule his Subiects, to feather his owne neast, and p••ss••sse himselfe of others goods and possessions. As for the chil∣dren begotten by him, hee had but few, and none that yeelded hope of worth in any thing, but euen like to their father. That he had maried a wife which hated him to the death, and he her in the same manner. A woman incestuous, a whore and a∣dulteresse and Sorceresse (read the life of Saint Lewes, written by Sire de Ionuille, there you shall see the effects) conuinced many times of these vices, and that King Iohn had often strangled his strumpets, on the very bed of his said wife. This King (for his owne part) made it a triumphall sport, to violate wiues, and the Daughters of his No∣bl••men: And as for his Religion, there was none other in him, but he a meere Atheist in his actions and discourse.

* 1.116The Ammirant hauing heard Robert, detested the naturall disposition of his Prince, and demaunded, why the English would so long endure him: for either they were truely women, or else of very seruile soules. Whereto Robert answered, that the Engl••sh were naturally suffering, vntill they should bee prickt to the blood: but then they imitated and resembled the Elephant & Lyon, who feeling themselues wounded, mount vp in choller, and shake off the yoke of seruitude. Whereto the Ammirant r••plied, that the English were ouer-long patient and fearefull. Many times, Robert conferred familiarly with the Ammirant, who gaue him great gifts of precious Stones, Gold, Siluer, Pearles and Silkes, granting his licence of departure; but the other two Ambassadors, he would neuer more see them.

King Iohn vnderstanding by the Ambassadors, how contemptibly and dishonoura∣bly the Ammirant of Marocco estemed of him; grew very chollericke against him. Robert presented him with part of the gifts which had bin giuen him;* 1.117 in recompence whereof the King his Master gaue him the keeping of the rich Abbey of Saint Albane, the first Martyr of England; albeit it was without vacancie; for Iohn Albot de le Celle was yet liuing.

Now in the yeare One thousand, two hundred and fifteene, towards the Feast of Easter, the Noblemen of England assembled in Armes at Stamforde, summoning the King, to maintaine the liberties of the Kingdom, graunted by the Kings Saint Edward, and Henry first of the name, according as he had promised two Moneths before. Vp∣on his refusall, the Citty of London, chiefe of England,* 1.118 which began the daunce of Re∣bellion; opened her gates to the Nobles, who became Maisters thereof, and of diuers Castelles: so that the King, fearing a generall reuolt, was constrained to confirme the liberties and customes of the Realme, by his Letters Patents, dated the fifteenth day of Iune, in the said yeare Two hundred and fifteene. But he well declared within the yeare, that what he had done, was but to make a separation of his enemies, who were farre aboue him in strength.

Then he made his recourse to Pope Innocent the third,* 1.119 as holding the Kingdome of England of him, because hee would bee assisted both with spirituall and temporall Armes.

The Nobles seeing their part to be the weakest, implored the succour of Phillip Augustus, King of France, a most Magnanimous and generous Prince,* 1.120 and being assem∣bled in Councell at the Citty of London, with an vniuersall consent of them all: They elected for their King of England, the eldest Sonne of the said Phillip Augustus, named Monsieur Lewes of France, sirnamed the Lyon. Because hee was the neerest to succeed to the Crowne of England, by reason and right of his wife Madam Blanche of Castille, Daughter to Alphonso the eight of the name, King of Castille, and of Madame A••lia∣••r of England, daughter to King Henry the Second, and sister to the Kings Richard and Iohn Without-Land.

The Nobles hauing made this election, sent into France as their Ambassadours,* 1.121 Si∣mon Earle of Winchester, and Robert, Sonne to William High Marshall of England, who brought to King Phillip Augustus and Lewes his Sonne, the signed Letters of his Election, sealed also by the Nobles of England, instantly entreating them to accept their seruice, with the Crowne. The King made answere to the Ambassadours, that he would not suffer his Son so to passe into England, without good Hostages, for secu∣ritie of his person.

Hee demaunded foure and twenty Hostages, of the Principall Lords of England; whereof the Ambassadours hauing immediatly giuen intelligence in England;* 1.122 the Ba∣rons sent into France with all diligence, the said foure and twenty Hostages to Phillip Augustus, who sent them vnder good and sure guard to the Citty of Compeigne (in La∣tine Compendium, and by the name of King Charles the Bauld Emperour, who rebuil∣ded it, Karnopolis.

While the Kings were preparing a powerfull Fleete, they sent before to succour the Barrons of England, the Castillian of S••int Omer, the Castilian of Arras, Hugues Chacun, Eustache Neuuille, Baudouin de Bretaile, Guillaume de Guines, Gilles de Melun, Guillaume de Beaumont, Gilles de Hersey and Bizet de Fargis, all braue and valiant French Knights, with a great number of other Commanders and Sergeants, who mounting vpon the Thames, arriued at London, where they were welcommed with all ioy and gladnesse, the third of the Calends of March.

Lewes hauing taken his leaue,* 1.123 and receiued the blessing of his Father King Phillip Augustus, who then was at Melun; departed thence on Saint Markes day, and com∣ming to Callice, found there his Fleete readily prouided, consisting of Sixe hundred Shippes, and Fourescore great Galions and Caracks, which he had prepared, armed and well furnished with Armour and prouision for warre: his Admirall being Eu∣stace the Monke, an English Pyrate.

With King Lewes were the very greatest and most valiant Lords of France, to wit,* 1.124 Henry Count of Neuers, with an hundred Knights: Enguerran de Bailleu, Lord of Coucy, Marle and Crecy in Laonois second of that name, with fifty Knights. This Lord of Coucy Portoit de Coucy, qui est Vaire de Gueules et d'Argent, Escarlele de France. Be∣cause that his mother was youngest daughter to King Lewes le Gros and Alix de Dreux. Robert de Dreux had thirty Knights. Iohn de Mont Mirell had twenty Knights. The Counte de Roussy had tenne Knights: The Counte of Holland had thirty Knights: Aruoul Counte of Guines, had fifteene Knights. The Counte of P••rche; the Counte

of Mont-fort; the Counte of Mont-Belliard, with an infinite number of braue men, the floure of Chiualrie, who being arriued at Callice, put their Sayles to the winde, and safely coasted on England, landing in the Isle of Tenet, at a place called Stanchore, the twelfth of the Calends of Iune. King Iohn was then in the Porte of Douer with his Army of Strangers, but being not strong enough to Fight with Lewes; he fled thence toward Winchester, so that Lewes (at his owne ease) landed his Army at Sandwich, and at his first arriuing, possessed himselfe of all places on the Coasts of England, ex∣cept Douer,* 1.125 and so came straight to London, where he was magnificently receiued by the Barons of the Land, of whom, (together with the Citizens of London) he receiued their Homages, and liedge oathe of fidelity: As on his part, he sware vpon the Holy Euangelists, that he would make good Lawes to them all, and recouer their lost inhe∣ritances, vsurped in the name of King Iohn Without Land.

* 1.126Immediatly he laboured to cleanse the Countrey, of wandring Dutch Soldiours, which depended on King Iohn, and tooke the homages of the King of Scots Alexan∣der, for that which he possessed from the Crowne of England, and of the Earles, Wil∣liam de Warren, William Earle of Arundell, William Earle of Salisbury, William Marshal the younger, and an infinite number of others, who abandoned and forsooke King Iohns part, to Honour the rising Sunne; who receiued for his Lord Chauncellour, Simon de Langton, an Englishman.

While matters thus proceeded, King Iohn chaunced to dye in the Castell of Newarke,* 1.127 on Saint Lukes day in October, the said yeare, One thousand, Two hundred and sixteene.

After his death, they of the Clergie and Nobilitie, (who had maintained his cause) met together at Glocester, where they crowned King of England, His eld••st Sonne Henry, called the Third of that name, being then but ten yeares olde: And the voyage which Monsieur King Lewes made backe into France, gaue way to the Barons of Eng∣land, to do their seruice now to the rising Sun, But the s••id Monsieur Lewes of France, in his Crowning King of England, tooke for Armes, De France Escartele d'Angleterre, which he held all his life time, with the title of King of France and England, &c. And the memorie thereof is conserued to this day in the Rituall of Ceremonies, obserued at the Sacring and Crowning the most Christians Kings.

* 1.128Henry, third of the name, eldest Sonne to Iohn Without-Land, and Isabell of An∣goulesme, tooke to wife Aelianor of Pro∣uence, Sister to Margaret the Queene of France, wife to the King S. Lewes, daugh∣ter to Raimond, Counte of Prouence, and by this mariage were borne fiue Sonnes, and three Daughters, the Sonnes were

Edward, after King of England by the name of King Edward the Fift.

Edmund, Earle of Lancaster.

William died young, and was buried at the new Temple London.

Iohn died young, and Richard who died also young. The daughters were

Margaret, Wife to Alexander King of Scots.

Beatrix, maried to Iohn Duke of Bre∣taigne, and

Catharine, who died young.

* 1.129Edward, First of that name, eldest Son of King Henry the Third, was married twise. First he espoused Madam Elianor, daughter to Ferdinand, third of that name, King of Castille, and of Queene Iane, daughter to the Count of Ponthieu, Of this mariage were borne foure sonnes and fiue daughters.

Iohn.

Henry.

Alphonsus, all dying without issue in the life time of their Father: And the last was

Edward, Second of that name, King of England after his Father: The daugh∣ters were.

Elianor, wife to Henry Duke of Bar.

Iane, commonly called Ioane of Acres, maried to Gilbert, Earle of Glocester, and after to Raphe Monthermer, Earle of Glou∣cester.

Margaret, Wife to Iohn Duke of Bra∣bant.

Isabell or Elizabeth, giuen in second mariage to Humfry de Bohun Earle of He∣reford and Essex. And

Mary entred Religion as a Nunne at Ambresbury.

In second mariage, Edward tooke to wife Madame Margaret of France, Sister to King Phillip le Bel, and of her hee be∣gate two Sonnes and one daughter, na∣med

Elianor. The Sonnes were

Thomas, surnamed of Brotherton Earle, of Norfolke▪ and Edmond called Edmond of Woodstock, Earle of Kent, who died lea∣uing one onely Daughter, named Ioane, surnamed the Faire Maide of Kent, maried thrise. First, to William Montacute Earle of Salisbury, from whom being diuorced she was after maried to Sir Thomas Hol∣land Earle of Kent, by whom she had two Sonnes, Thomas Earle of Kent, Iohn de Holland Earle of Huntington. Her third Husband was Edward Prince of Walles, eldest Sonne to King Edward, third of that name, King of England.

Edward, Second of that name, King of England, fourth Sonne to King Edward the first, had to wife Madame Isabell of France, daughter to Phillip le Bel, King of France and of Nauarre. (This Isabell was the leuen of the last warres, betweene the Crowne of France, and that of England) And of this marriage came two Sonnes, and as many daughters, namely

Elianor, dying in her infancy, And

Ioane, Wife to Dauid, King of Scots: His Sonnes were

Edward, King in his Fathers life time, And

Iohn, Earle of Cornewall, dying young.

Edward, third of that name, had to wife Phillip, Daughter to William, Counte of Henault, And of this mariage issued seauen Sonnes, and three Daughters.

1. Mary, Wife to Iohn de Montfort Duke of Bretaigne, fift of that name.

2. Isabell, maried to the Earle of Bed∣ford, And

3. Margaret, wife to the Earle of Pen¦broke: His Sonnes were

1. Edward Prince of Wales, deceassing in his Fathers life time.

2. William, dying in his infancy.

3. Lyonnell, Duke of Clarence.

4. Iohn (tearmed of Gaunte, because he was borne there) Duke of Lancaster.

5. Edmund, Earle of Cambridge, and af∣terward Duke of Yorke.

6. Thomas, Earle of Buckingham, after∣ward Duke of Glocester; And

7. William of England, dying an infant.

Edward Prince of Wales, dying in the life time of his Father, Edward third of the name, had to wife Ioane or Iane, daugh∣ter to Edmond Earle of Kent, And of this mariage were borne two Sonnes.

Edward dying in his infancy, And

Richard, who was King of England, af∣ter the death of his Grandfather King Ed∣ward the third.

Lyonnell of England, Duke of Clarence, third Sonne to King Edward the third, was maried two seuerall times. First to the heire of Clarence Elizabeth, the daugh∣ter of William de Burgh, Earle of Vlster, and in this mariage they had one onely daughter.

Phillip of Clarence, Wife to Edmond de Mortimer Earle of Marche, of whom came a Sonne and a Daughter.

Elizabeth de Mortimer, Wife to Henry de Percy, eldest sonne of the Earle of Nor∣thumberland. The Sonne was

Roger de Mortimer, Father of

Anne.

Edmond.

Roger and of

Elianor: These three last children de∣ceased without any issue.

Anne was married to Richard, Earle of Cambridge, youngest Sonne of Edmond of England, Earle of Cambridge, and Duke of Yorke, to whom he was heire, Edward his elder Brother being dead without issue.

Of this Richard Earle of Cambridge, and of Anne de Mortimer, was borne Ri∣chard, sirnamed Planta Genest, who by Cecilie his wife had

Edward King of England,* 1.130 fourth of that name.

The second wife to Lyonell of Eng∣land, was

Yoland, Sister to Iohn Galeas, Duke of Millaine.

Iohn of Gaunte was likewise twise mar∣ried. First to Blanche, the onely daugh∣ter to Henry Duke of Lancaster, and of her he begat one Sonne, and two daugh∣ters, namely

Phillip of Lancaster, the wife to Iohn King of Portugall. The other was

Iane, Countesse of Westmerland, Grand∣mother to Edward, Fourth of that name, King of England. The Sonne was

Iohn, Earle of Sommerset, Father of Iohn Duke of Sommerset, Father of Mar∣garet of Sommerset, wife to Edmond, Earle of Richemond.

The second Wife of Lord Iohn of Gaunte, was Madame Constance of Ca∣stille, Second Daughter to the King of Castille Dom Peter. And of this second mariage was borne one Daughter only.

Katharine, Wife to Henry of Portugall, the Sonne to Iohn of Portugall.

Edmond of England, Earle of Cam∣bridge, and afterward Duke of Yorke, had to wise Madame Isabell of Castille, daugh∣ter to Peter, King of Castille.

Thomas of England, Earle of Bucking∣ham, and afterward Duke of Glocester, was slaine by the commaunde of King Ri∣chard the second, his Vnckle.

And this was that Edward, third of the name, who (to small purpose) in the right of Madame Isabell of France, contested for the Crowne of France, against Phillip de Ve∣lois, the Sixt and last of that name, moued thereto by Iaquemart d'Arteuelle of Gaunte, and Robert of Artois, Counte of Beaumont, refuged in England (by reason of the Ar∣rest or Decree d'Asniers giuen, concerning the County of Artois. This Edward tooke the Armes and Title of King of France and of England, as before him did Monsieur Lewes of France,* 1.131 Eight of the name, called and Crowned King of England, as wee haue formerly declared.

Of this Title, and the Armes of France, the pertakers of King Edward of England, made these verses in those times.

Rex sum Regnorum bina ratione Duorum, Anglorum Regno Rex sum ego iure Paterno: Matris iure quidem Francorum nuncuper idem. Hinc est Armorum Variatio facta meorum

Whereto the Frenche answered scornefully in verses of the same temper, but some∣what touching Edward with ill grounded vanity, pretending right to the Crowne of France,* 1.132 by Queene Isabell his mother: before whom (if Daughters should succeed in the Sacred Lillies of France) her eldest Sister must march, Madam Margaret of France, wife to Ferdinand, fourth of the name, King of Castille.

Praedo Regnorum qui diceris esse Duorum, Francorum Regno priuaberis, atque Paterno. Matris vbique nullum Ius Proles non habet Vllum, Iure Mariti carens alia Mulier est prior illa. Succedunt Mares huic Regno, non Mulieres. Hinc est Armorum Variatio stulta tuorum.

The same Edward the third, in the Fiftieth yeare of his age, which happened in the yeare of Grace One thousand, three hundred, sixty and one, for the Ceremony of his Iubilie, which the Church celebrated from Fifty to Fiftie yeares, aunciently from Age to Age, that is to say, from an Hundred yeares to an Hundred yeares, and now at euery fiue and twenty yeares) gaue repeale of Cursse to all his subiects, and banished persons for time or perpetuity:* 1.133 hee deliuered out of prisons, such as were detained for debts, and all kinde of crimes. He was Authour of the Franchises and Priueled∣ges, which the English tearmed The Great Charters. Ordayning and appointing al∣wayes after, that his Successours the Kings of England, should practise and doe the like, in the Fiftieth yeare of their age. And the same yeare he ordayned, that all Ex∣peditions of Iustice, Decrees, Sentences, Iudgements and Contracts, should thencefor∣forward be made in the English-Saxon tongue. For vntill this yeare, since the Con∣quest of England made by William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy, Liegeman to the sacred Kings of France: all those Expeditions were concealed in the French lan∣guage.

* 1.134Richard, Second of that name, Sonne to Edward Prince of Wales, deceasing while his Father liued: came to the Crowne of England, after the death of his Grand-father Edward the third, in the Moneth of Iuly, One thousand, three hundred, seauenty seauen. Hee was twise maried.

First to Madame Anne, Sister to the Emperour Wenceslaus; but by her hee had no issue.

His second wife was Madame Isabell of France, daughter to King Charles the Sixt, being eight yeares of age when shee passed into England. Shee had no issue neither, because King Richard was made a prisoner, and afterward slaine, by com∣maund of Henry of Lancaster, Earle of Derbie, Sonne to Iohn of Gaunte, Duke of Lancaster, whom the said Richard had ba∣nished from England. So that Henry ha∣uing safety in France, obtayning succour,

came againe into England, where he was made King. The faction of the White Rose against the Red (such as wee haue formerly touched) began againe at this time, because by the death of Richard, Lyonnell of England, Duke of Clarence of ••he White Rose, was the elder Sonne of Edward the Third, and ought to precede Iohn of Gaunte; from whose Sonne ne∣uerthel••sse, this Henry Earle of Derby, (ta∣king part with the Red Rose) caried the Crowne by might, and contrary to rea∣••on. Richard reigned twenty two yeares, ••nd died without any issue; his Succes∣sour in the Kingdome, was

Henry of Lancaster, fourth of the name, Crowned the last day of September, in the yeare One thousand, three hundred, fourescore and nineteene; hee was mari∣ed twise, first to Mary, daughter and one of the heires to Humfrey de Bohun, Earle of Hereforde, Essex & Northampton, & by her he had foure Sons, & two daughters.

Henry, who was King, fift of that name.

Thomas, Duke of Clarence.

Iohn, Duke of Bedforde; And

Humphrey, Duke of Glocester. His Daughters were

Blanche, wife to Lodowick, Sonne to the Duke of Bauaria: And

Phillip, married to Iohn King of Den∣naoke.

Thomas Duke of Clarence, was slaine in ••n encounter of the French, & left no issue

Iohn Duke of Bedforde was three times maried. His first wife was Anne, daughter ••o Phillip the good Duke of Bourgongne: ••er graue is to bee seene in the Celestines at Paris.

The second wife was Katherine of

And by whom hee had Henry, Bishop of Winchester, and Cardinall of England. The last was

Iacquetta, daughter to Peter of Luxem∣bourg, Earle of Saint Paule.

Humphrey Duke of Glocester, tooke a∣way perforce Iacquetta of Bauaria, wife to Iohn Duke of Brabant; to whom she came ••gaine, after the death of Humphrey, de∣••eassing without issue.

The second wife of Henry the fourth, was Iane, Widdow to Iohn de Mont-fort, Duke of Bretaigne, and by her he had no ••hilde. Hauing reigned almost foureteene yeares, hee died the twentieth day of March, in the yeare One thousand, foure hundred & twelue, leauing for Successor to the Crowne of England, his eldest Son

Henry; fift of that name, who through the bad faction of Phillip of Bourgongne, (whom his owne wel-willers tearmed the good Duke) espoused Madam Katherine of France, daughter to King Charles the Sixt. The mariage was celebrated in the Citty of Troyes in Champagne, whereby issued their only Sonne

Henry, sixt of that name, who was King of England by the death of his Father, happening the last day of August, in the yeare one thousand, foure hundred, twen∣ty & two, hauing reigned nine yeares. He had to wife Margaret of Cicilie, daughter to good King Rene of Cicilie, Duke of Anion, and of this mariage came their on∣ly Sonne Edward.

The faction of the White Rose preuai∣led against the Red, because Richard duke of Yorke, chiefe of the White Rose, gaue two Battailes to the said King Henry the Sixt, detained prisoner. In both of them, Margaret of Sicilie, a most couragious Princesse, went into France for succour, and (by meanes thereof) passed againe in∣to England, and wunne the bataile, wher∣in was slaine the Duke of Yorke, head of that part, as also the Earle of Rutland, and set her husband at liberty.

After his deliuerance, Edward, sonne to Richard Duke of Yorke, gaue him two bat∣tailes, which the said King Henry lost, so that he was constrained to flye into Scot∣land, from whence he returned in the ha∣bite of a Greye Frier: but being discoue∣red, he was commited to prison, wherein he remained ten yeares. At the end wher∣of, he was deliuered by Richard Duke of Warwick, and the Duke of Clarence.

Edward of Yorke, Earle of Marche, was enforced to escape out of England, and to secure himself in Flanders, with his Father in Law Charles Duke of Bourgongne, of whom hauing succour, he came againe in∣to England, tooke, and caused King Henry the Sixt to be slaine, and his Son Edward, detayning Queene Margaret prisoner, and appointing her ransome at fifty thou∣sand Crownes, which King Lewes the e∣leuenth payed for her deliuerance. The said King Henry reigned almost thirty nine yeares, and by his death, his enemy

Edward, called fourth of the name, Son to Richard Duke of Yorke, and Cicelie his Wife, Daughter to Ioane Countesse of Westmerland, daughter to Iohn of Gaunte, 〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉

daughter of Iames the fift, King of Scots, Husband to Mary of Lorraine, daughter to Claudius, Duke of Guise. The said Iames the fift, was Sonne to Iames the fourth, king of Scotts, Husband to Madame Mar∣garet of England, daughter to king Henry the Seauenth, and eldest Sister to king Henry the Eight.

The said Iames, king of England and Scotland, intituled him King of Great Bri∣taine, for reuniting the two kingdomes in his owne person. By his wife and Queene, Anne of Denmarke, daughter to Frederick, second of that name, and king of Denmarke, hee had two Sonnes and three daughters.

Henry, Prince of Walles, died aged about nineteene yeares, in the Moneth of No∣uember Sixe hundred and twelue

Charles, Duke of Yorke, and now Prince of Wales, borne in the Moneth of Nouem∣ber, One thousand, Sixe hundred.

His daughters, were named

Elizabeth, borne in the Moneth of Au∣gust, One thousand, fiue hundred, foure∣score and sixteene: Married in the yeare Sixe hundred and twelue, to the Counte Palatine of the Rhine Frederick, Prince E∣lector of the Empire.

Mary, borne in December One thou∣sand, fiue hundred fourscore & eighteene.

And Sophia, dying young.

THE INSTITVTION OF THE ORDERS OF ENGLAND. CHAP. II.

MAthew Paris (one of the most Auncient Historians of Eng∣land, next to Venerable Bede and Gyldas) describing the liues of the first Kings of England, Suc••essours to William the Conquerour,* 1.135 writeth, that the said Kings brought into Eng∣land, the fashion of Royall Garments and ornaments, the Ceremonies obserued and vsed, as well at the Sacring of the most Christian Kings of France; as also the forme of crea∣ting of Knights vsually in France. He speaketh it to this pur∣pose, because king Henry, third of that name, made knights of his Brethren by the mothers side, the Sonnes of Hugh le Brun, Earle of Marche, and of Queene Isabell of Angoulesme,* 1.136 Mother to the said king Henry, who made those knights, Se undum Regum Francorum consuetudinem, after Fasting, Watching and Ba∣thing. Wee haue set downe the auncient formes vsed at those Creations, in the Tracte of the Order of the Star, to speake any more thereof, serueth but to say th•• same againe.

We may onely say, that in England, there hath not bin any Ordes, bearing a perticu∣ler name; before that of the Blewe Garter, instituted by king Edward, Third of the name.

At all times, as some affirme there haue beene knights of the Bath, so named, be∣cause, before they were honoured with guilded Spurres, (which is the marke or noate of knighthood) they washed and bathed themselues,* 1.137 watched in the Church, made Confession of their sinnes, to be more cleane and pure both in Soule and Body, to re∣ceiue the degree and Honour of knighthood, the acte most importing their whole life.

Sir Iohn Froissard writeth, that the king of England Henry, Second of that name, hauing conquered the Realme of Ireland, and brought vnder his obedience the foure petty kings thereof: the said Richard made them all foure knights, on Thursday, being the feast of our Lady in March, in the Cathedrall Church of Saint Peter in London, wherein they had watched on Wednesday all the whole night.

Before the Coronation of the King of England, Henry of Lancaster,* 1.138 Fourth of that name, he made Sixe and Forty Esquires Knights of the Bath, who had their Chambers each man seuerall to himselfe in the Tower or Castell of London, watching and bathing themselues on Saturday night, and on Sunday at High Masse, the King himselfe made them Knights, giuing them long Grey Cassocks or Coates, with strait Manches or sleeues, furred with Minniuer, each hauing on his left shoul∣der, a double Cordon of White Silke, with Tassells and Fringes hanging at the ••ame.

At the Coronation of Mary, Queene of England, Daughter to King Henry the Eight, the like number of Knights of the Bath were made.

And this hath anciently beene obserued in England,* 1.139 that Kings (before their crowning) made a certaine number of Esquires, Knights of the Bath, to be serued by them at their Sacring and Coronation, as Mathew Paris noteth in many places of his History. And we learne of him, as also of Ingulphus, Iohannes Salisburiensis, of Mathaeus Florilegus, of William Camden, and other Historians of England, the Cere∣monies which the Kings exercised in the Creation of Knights of the Bath,* 1.140 others wise called Knights of the Crownes, because, to distinguish them from Esquires, they wore vpon their left shoulders an Escutchion of Azure Silke, with three Crownes of Gold embroydered thereon.

The Esquires that were chosen to be made Knights;* 1.141 in the Euening before the Ceremony, were cloathed with Ash-coloured Gray-Cloth, after the manner of Hermites, with the Hood or Capuch, a small woollen Cappe on the head, and Ga∣mashes of the same Cloth on the legges. And in this manner they went two & two together in the Euening, to shew by this Ceremony, that they consecrated their liues to Iesus Christ, and in defence of his faith to spend their dayes in warre, euen to the last drop of their blood.

At returne from the Church, these Batchelors went and supt all together, each Bachellor hauing two Esquires to serue and attend on him. After supper euery man ••eturned to his Chamber, where his Bed was fairely Curtaind with Red Silke, be∣fore which was fixed the Shield of Armes, and Blazons of the Bachelor, and neere to the Bed stood a Bathing-Tubbe, with necessary Linnens thereto belonging. Pray∣ers being ended, they bathed themselues, curlled their locks of hayre, and their Squires afterward did the like.

On the next Morrow, about the break of day, they were awaked with the sound of Instruments, summoned and called to arise, by the noise of Drums and Trum∣pets. Cloathed againe in their Hermites Habites, as they were the day before; the Constable and Marshall of England called these Bachelors by order, causing them to sweare and promise: To loue God aboue all things; to defend the Church;* 1.142 to honour the King; and maintaine his royall Rights; to protect and succour Widdowes, Maides and Orphants to their vtmost power. Which the Bachelors hauing promised, and sworn vpon the holy Euangelists to doe, they were then conducted (two and two toge∣ther) to Matins and Masse, being preceded or Vsherd by the Instruments of Mu∣sique, Trumpets, Fifes and Drummes, the Heraulds and Kings of Armes. And after Matins, they were (in the same manner) guided backe to their Chambers,* 1.143 there despoyled of their Hermites Habites, and cloathed with rich Garments of Carnation Silke, the Cassocke and Surcote, and the great Mantle or Cloake of fine Scarlet in Graine, as they tearme it in England. A white Hat or Bonnet, and a Linnen Nightcap on the head, white Gloues on the hands, fastened to the Cloake, tuckt vp on the left shoulder, with long tasselled Cordons of white Silke.

This being thus done, euery Bachelor mounteth on his Horse or Courser,* 1.144 being a choyse Horse for Seruice, well saddled and ••arnised with White and Blacke, and on the Chanfrane or Front-stal, the Signe of the Crosse in Embroydery; each man hauing his Page before him on horsebacke, who beareth the Bachelors Sword by the point of the Scabbard, the hilt fairely gilded aloft, whereto are fastened the gilded Spurres, and on either side of this Page on horseback, the two Esquires be∣longing to the Bachellor.

In this equipage the Bachelors goe to the Court, or Castell of the King, guided 〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉

delle si qu'il ne s'en scauoir conseiller, & n'y faisoit que penser tousiours, cōbien que le Counte de Salebery fust le plus priué de tout son Conseil, & l'vn de ceux d' Angleterre qui plus l••y∣aument l'auoit serui. Si aduint que pour l'Amour de ladite Dame, & pour le grand defer qu il auoit de la voir, il auoit faict crier vne grand Feste de Ioustes à la My-Aoust, à estre en la bonne Citè de Londres. Et commanda expressement au Comte de Salebery qu'il ne laissast nullement que Madamoiselle sa femme n'y feust, & qui elle amenast toutes ses Dames & Damoiselles qu'elle pouuoit auoir entour elle. Aelix la Comtesse y vint le plus simplement Atournee qu'elle peust, &c.

In another Chapter he writeth, that the same King did so ardently loue the faire and Noble Lady Madame Alix Countesse of Salisbury, as he could not abstaine. For Loue ad∣monished him night and day, representing her beauty so fresh and gracious, as he could doe nothing but dayly thinke on her. Howbeit the Earle of Salisbury was one of the most pri∣uate of his Councell, and one of them of England that had most loyally done him seruice. So as it came to passe, that for loue of the said Lady, and for the longing desire hee had to see her; hee caused to bee proclaimed a sollemne Feast of Iousting, in mid-August, to bee held in the good City of London. Expressly he commanded the Earle of Salisbury, that he should be no hinderance to his Lady and Wifes being there, & that she should bring with her all the Ladies and Gentlewomen, as shee could haue about her. Alix the Countesse of Salisbury came thither, the very simplest attired that could be, &c.

We haue written in the Eight Booke of the History of Nauarre, Page 469. that the Order of the Kingdome of England,* 1.145 tearmed of the Blew Garter, was established (ac∣cording to the the testimony of Polidore Virgill, in his History of England) by King Edward, Third of the name, Sonne to Edward the Second, and Madame Isabell of France (the flaming Firebrand of France) in the yeare One Thousand, Three Hun∣dred, Forty and Seauen. That this Order had S. George for the Gouernour or Patron; Loue for the Subiect, and the Deuice French. Forasmuch as King Edward being wounded with loue of faire Alix, the Countesse of Solisbury, one day as hee was de∣uising with her, the left Garter (of Blew Silke) of this Lady, hung loosely down vpon her shooe. King Edward, ready at the Ladies Seruice, and to take vp the Garter; by little and little lifted her cloathes so high, that the Courtiers had some sight of her white Smock, & could not refraine from smiling. The Lady reprehended the King for this publike fault before his own people (who carried good lookes, but bad thoughts, and pleased their owne opinion so much, that they made an Idoll of their vaine con∣ceits:) King Edward therefore, to couer his owne honour, stopt all their mouthes with these few French words;* 1.146 Honny Soit Qui Maly Pense: (Honny signifieth in the old French Language To reproach, to Speake ill, and to Dishonour) and made instantly a like or the same vow, as that was of the Duke of Bourgongne Philip the Second, noted heretofore: That such was the mockery of this Garter, as it should be held a great Honor to weare the like.

* 1.147That effects might follow wordes, heereon arose the Knights of the Or∣der of the Blew Garter, which hee composed of Fiue and Twenty Knights, and no more.

Euery one of them, according to the first Institution, must be cloathed with a long Cassocke of Carnation Sattin or Damaske: the large Cloake or Mantle of Violet Veluet, lined with White Damaske, and the Chapperon had a faire large round hood of Crimosine Veluet, worne on the right shoulder, tyed before with two great Cor∣dons of White Silke, trayling downe to the ground, with two great Tassels of Silke. Nor are these Cloakes turned vp on the left shoulder, because thereon is Embroyde∣red, Vn Escu d'Argent, charge d'vne Croix droitte de Gueules Liure d'Angleterre, & a l'entour, dudit Escu la Deuise de L'ordre, Honny Soit Qui Maly Pense. The Buskins or Gamashes worne by the said Knights, are likewise of Carnation Veluet, and beneath the knee on the left legge, a Garter or small Girdle, Blew, Embroydered with Gold and Precious Stones, fastened with a Buckle & Tongue of pure gold about the Legge.

* 1.148The Great Collar of the Order (whereof some make Author King Henry Fift of that Name, as wee vnderstand by William Camden King of Armes in England, by the name of Clarenceaux, in his History of England) was of Gold, composed of White Roses, and Red Roses, enterlaced and knit in manner of True-loue Knots.

At this present, in stead of those knots, are combined the Thistles of Scotlands Order, since King Iames came to the Crowne of England; to the end, that the two Orders might be ioyned together, according as the Kingdomes are. At the point of the said Caller (directly on the Brest) hangeth the figure of Saint George on Horseback,* 1.149 hau∣ing a Dragon at his feete, which is not made in Ouall forme. The lesser Order which these Knights doe daily weare about their neckes, is a Blew Cordon or Ribband, and a George depending thereat. I haue seene of these Collars at Paris, when the Duke of Lennox was there, in the yeare One thousand sixe hundred and foure. Here you shall see who were the first Knights, and other of the same Order, from King to King vn∣to this present.

Edward, the third King of England and of France, &c. Supreame or Gouer∣nor of the Order of the Garter, and with him the fiue and twentie first Founders thereof, which number they neuer ex∣ceede.

• Henry Duke of Lancaster.
• Peter Captaine Bouche.
• William Mont-acute, Earle of Salisburie.
• Iohn, Lord of the Iland, otherwise called L'Isle.
• Iohn Beauchampe, knight.
• Hugh Courtney, knight.
• Iohn Grey of Codnor, knight.
• Miles Stapleton, knight.
• Hugh Wrotesly, knight.
• Iohn Chandos, knight Banneret.
• Otho Holland, knight.
• S••nchio Dampredicourt knight.
• Edward Prince of Wales, King Edward his eldest Sonne.
• Thomas Beauchampe, Earle of Warwicke.
• Raffe Stafford, Earle of Stafford.
• Roger Mortimer, Earle of March.
• Bartholmew of Burgherst, knight.
• Iohn, Lord Mohun, Baron.
• Thomas Holland, knight.
• Richard Fitz-Simon, knight.
• Thomas Wale, knight.
• Neele Lorenge, knight.
• Iames Audeley, knight.
• Henry Esme, knight.
• Walter Paueley, knight.

Now noate what Froissard saith in his first Volume of this Order, which he calleth The Fellowship or Brotherhood of Saint George.

En ce temps vint en propos, & en voulente au Roy Edouard d' Angleterre qu'il feroit faire, & reedifier le grand Chastel de Windesore, que le Roy Artus sit iadis faire, & sonder la ou premierement fut commente, & es••oree la Noble Table Ronde dont tant de lons & vaillants Homines, & Cheualiers estoint, & yssirent & trauaillerent en Armes, & en pro∣yesse par tout le Monde. Et feroit ledit Roy vne Ordonnance de Cheualiers, de Luy, & de ses Enfants, & des plus Freux de sa Terre, & en seroient en somme Quarante: & les nomme∣••••it en les CHEVALIERS DV BLEV IARTIER, & la feste à durer d' An en An, & de la solemniser à Windesore le Iour Sainct George (qui est le Vingt-Troisiesme d'Auril. Et pour ceste fesse commencer, le Roy assembla de tout son l'ais Comtes, Barons, Cheualiers & leur dict son intention. Et ils luy accorderent ioyousement pource qu'il l••ur semblo. l vne chose moult honorable ou tout Amour se nourriroit. Adonc fu∣rent esleuz Quarante Cheualiers (Froissart s'est mespris, car cest Ordre n'estoit compose que de Vingtcinq Cheualiers, & du Roy Chef de l'Ordre non compte au nombre des Vingt-cinq) par aduis, & par renommee les plus Preux de tous les autres, lesquels seel∣l••rent & 〈◊〉〈◊〉 à poursuir, & tenir la Feste, & les Ordonnances telles qu elles eslorent la 〈…〉〈…〉 fit le Roy fonder, & edifier vne Chappelle de Sainct George au Chastel de Winde∣s••re, & y establit Chaneines pour Dieu seruir, & les renta moult grandement. Puis enuoya le Roy publier la feste par s••s Heraulx en France, en Escosse, en Bourgongne, en Haynau, en Flandres, en Braban, & en l'Empire d'Alemagne. Et si donnoit à tous Cheualiers, & Escuy∣ers qui venir y voudroient, Quinze Iours de Saufconduict apres la Feste. Et deuoit estre ce∣ste reste le l••ur de Sainct George ensuiuant L'an Mil Trois Cents Quarante Quatre au Chastel de Windesore. Et deuoit estre accôpagnee la Royne d'Angleterre de Trois Cents Dames, & Damoiselles toutes Nobles & Gentil-Dames, & parces richement de paremēts semblables.

At this time it came into the purpose and will of King Edward of England,* 1.150 that he would reediffie and make the great Castell of Windesore, which King Arthur had formerly (long

〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉

• Thomas Baron Camois.
• Iohn Baron Clifford.
• Robert Baron Willoughby.
• William Phillip, Baron Bardolfe.
• Henry, Baron Fitz-Hugh.
• Lewes Robsart, Baron Bourchier.
• Hugh Stafford, Baron Bourchter.
• Walter, Baron Hungerford.
• Simon Felbridge, knight.
• Iohn Graye of Eyton, knight.
• Iohn Dabridgecourt, knight.
• Iohn Robsart, knight.
• Trank van Clux, a German Lord.
• William Harrington, knight.
• Iohn Blount, knight.

Henry, sixt of that name, King of England, chose these in his time to be companions of that Order.

• Albert, Duke of Austria, King of Hun∣garia and Bohemia, and afterward Emperour.
• Frederick Duke of Austria, Emperor, and Albertus his Brother.
• Edward, King of Portugall.
• Alphonso, King of Arragon.
• Cazimir, King of Polonia.
• Edward Prince of Wales, eldest sonne to King Henry the sixt.
• Peter of Portugall: Duke of Coimbria, Son to Iohn King of Portugall.
• Henry of Portugall, Duke of Viseo, son to Iohn, King of Portugall.
• Conrard, Duke of Brunzwicke.
• Richard, Duke of Yorke, father to the King of England, Edward the fourth of that name.
• Iohn Beaufort, Earle, and afterward Duke of Somerset.
• Edmond Beaufort, Earle Moriton, after∣ward Marquesse, and at last Duke of Somerset.
• Iasper Earle of Penbroke, and afterward Duke of Bedford.
• Iohn Mowbray, Duke of Norfolke.
• Humfrey, Earle of Stafford, and afterward Duke of Buckingham.
• Gaston de ••oix, Captal de Buk, Earle of Longue-Ville.
• Iohn de Foix, Earle of Candalia.
• Aluarez D'almeida Earle of Aurence.
• Iohn Fitz-Alan, Earle of Arundel.
• Richard Neuil, Earle of Warwicke.
• Iohn Lord Talbot, afterward Earle of Shrewsbury.
• Iohn, Lord Talbot, Earle of Shewsbury his Sonne.
• Iames Butler, Earle of Wiltshire and Or∣mond.
• William Neuil, Lord Fauconbridge, after∣ward Earle of Kent.
• Richard Wooduile, Earle of Riuers.
• Henry, Viscount Bourchier, after Earle of Essex.
• Iohn Beaumont, Vicount Beaumont.
• Iohn Sutton, Baron Dudley.
• Thomas Baron Scales.
• Iohn Baron Greye of Ruthin.
• Rafe, Baron Butler of Sudeley.
• Lionell, Baron Welles,
• Iohn Bourchier, Baron of Berners.
• Thomas Baron Stanley.
• William Baron Bonuile.
• Iohn Baron Wenlocke.
• Iohn Beauchampe of Powicke.
• Thomas Baron Hoo.
• Iohn Ratcliffe, knight.
• Iohn Fastolf, knight.
• Thomas Kiriel, knight.
• Edward Hall, knight.

Edward fourth of that name, King of England, nominated these Noble Knights in his Reigne.

• FErdinand, the Bastard Son to Alphonso King of Arragon.
• Iohn King of Portugall.
• Edward Prince of Wales.
• Charles Duke of Bourgongne.
• Frances Sforza, Duke of Millan.
• Fredericke, Duke of Vrbine.
• Hercules d'Este, Duke of Ferrara.
• Richard, Duke of Yorke, son to the King of England.
• Richard, Duke of Glocester, who afterward vsurped the Kingdome.
• Iohn Mowbray, Duke of Norfolke.
• Iohn Baron Howard, afterward Duke of Norfolke.
• Iohn de la Poole, Duke of Suffolke.
• Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham.
• Iohn Neuil, Marquesse Mont-acute.
• Thomas Grey, Marquesse Dorset.
• Iames Douglas, Earle Douglas in Scotland.
• William Fitz-Allan, Earle of Arundell.
• Thomas, Baron Maltrauers, the sonne to William, and afterward Earle of Arun∣del.
• ...

• Anthony Wooduile, Lord Scales, afterward Earle Riuers,
• William Baron Herbert, afterward created Earle of Pembroke.
• Iohn Stafford, Earle of Wiltshire.
• Henry Percy Earle of Northumberland.
• Iohn Tiptoft, Earle of Worcester.
• Galliard Duras, Lord Duras.
• Iohn Baron Scroope of Bolton.
• Walter Deuereux, Baron Ferrers of Chart∣ley.
• Gualtier Blount, Baron of Montioy.
• William, Baron Hastings, the Kings Cham∣berlaine.
• Iohn Astley, Knight.
• William Chamberlaine, Knight.
• VVilliam Parre, Knight.
• ...Robert Harecourt.
• ...Thomas Mont-gomery.

Edward, fift of that name, King of England, and France, &c. Supreame Gouernour of the Order of the Gar∣ter, vnder whom was no election of new Knights of that Order. For as he had all the places filled with Knights by his Father, whilest he yet liued e∣uen so he left them. Excepting onely the seates of the Prince, and of Iohn King of Portugall.

Richard, the third of that name, King of England and France, &c. Chiefe of the Order of the Garter, & the Fellowes chosen into that Order, during the time of his Reigne.

• THomas Howard, Earle of Surrey, and Duke of Norfolke.
• Thomas, Baron Stanley, afterward Earle of Derby.
• Francis, Vicount Louel.
• Iohn Coniers, knight.
• Richard Radcliffe, knight.
• Thomas Burgh, knight.
• Richard Tunstall, knight.

Henry, the seauenth of that name, King of England and France, &c. in his time elected these.

• MAximillian, King of the Romans, & afterward Emperour chosen, his Father Frederick Emperor then liuing.
• Iohn, King of Portingall.
• Iohn, King of Denmarke.
• Philip, King of Castile, Arch-Duke of Au∣stria, Son to Maximillian the Emperour. Alphonsus, Duke of Calabria and Naples, King of Sicilie and Ierusalem.
• Arthur, Prince of Wales, the Kings eldest Sonne.
• Henry, Duke of Yorke, & Prince of VVales his Brother Arthur being dead, and he the same afterward King of England.
• Vbald, Earle of Montferrat, and Duke of Vrbin, and of Pesseran.
• Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham.
• Thomas Grey, Marquesse Dorset.
• Iohn Vere Earle of Oxford.
• Henry Percy, Earle of Northumberland.
• George Talbot, Earle of Shrewsbury.
• Henry Bourchier, Earle of Essex.
• Richard Grey, Earle of Kent.
• Edward Courtney, Earle of Deuonshire.
• Henry, Baron Stanley, afterward Earle of VViltshire.
• Edmund de la Poole, Earle of Suffolke.
• Charles Somerset, Knight Banaret, and af∣terward created Earle of VVorcester.
• Gerard Fitz-gerald, Earle of Kildare.
• Iohn VVels Vicount VVels.
• George Stanley, Baron Strange.
• VVilliam Stanley, Chamberlaine to the King.
• Iohn Baron Dynham.
• Robert VVilloughby, Baron Brook, Steward of the Kings house.
• ...Giles d'Aubeny.
• Edward Poynings, knight.
• Edward VVideuil, knight.
• Gilbert Talbot, knight.
• Iohn Cheney, knight.
• Richard Guilford, knight.
• Thomas Louel, knight.
• Thomas Brandon, knight.
• Reynold Bray, knight.
• Ryce ap Thomas of VVales.
• Iohn Sauage, knight.
• Richard Poole, knight.

Henry, eight of the name, King of England, France, &c. in his reigne no∣minated and elected these into the noble fellowship of the Garter.

• CHarles of Spaine, Emperor, fift of the name, King of Spaine.
• ...

• Ferdinand, King of Hungaria, and Bohe∣mia, Arch-Duke of Austria, brother to Charles the fift, Emperour.
• Francis, King of France, Naples, Sicilie and Ierusalem, Duke of Millaine, Lord of Geneway, &c.
• Emanuel, King of Portugall.
• Iames, fift of that name, King of Scots.
• Henry of England, Sonne to King Hen∣ry the eight, called Fitz-Roy, which is in English, Son of the King, Earle of Richmond and of Sommerset.
• Iulian de Medicis, Brother to Pope Leo the tenth.
• Edward Seymor, Earle of Hertford, and afterward Duke of Sommerset.
• Thomas Howard; Earle of Surrey, and af∣terward Duke of Norfolke.
• Charles Brandon, Maister of the Horse to the King, and afterward Duke of Suf∣folke.
• Iohn Sutton, called Dudley, Vicount de L'Isle, afterward Earle of Warwicke, and finally Duke of Northumber∣land.
• Anne, Duke of Mont-morency.
• Henry Courtney, Earle of Deuonshire, and afterward Marquesse of Ex∣cester.
• William Parre of Kendal, Earle of Essex, and afterward Marquesse of North∣ampton.
• William Pawlet, Baron Saint Iohn, of Ba∣sing, afterward Earle of Wiltshire, and Marquesse of Winchester.
• Henry, Earle of Surrey, Sonne to Thomas Duke of Norfolke.
• Thomas Bullen, Treasurer of the Kings Houshold, Viscount Rocheford, and afterward Earle of VViltshire, and Or∣mond.
• VVilliam Fitz-Alan Earle of Arundel.
• Iohn Vere, Earle of Oxenford.
• Henry Percy was Earle of Northumber∣land.
• Rafe Neuil, Earle of Westmerland.
• Francis Talbot Earle of Shrewsbury.
• Phillip Chabot, Earle of Burensais, de Char∣ny, de Neublan••, &c. Lord Admirall of France.
• Henry Fitz-Alan, Son to VVilliam, Earle of Arundell.
• Thomas Mannors, Baron Roos, who was afterward Earle of Rutland.
• Robert Radcliffe, Viscount Fitz-VValters, and afterward Earle of Sussex.
• Henry Clifford Earle of Cumberland.
• VVilliam Fitz-William, Treasurer of the Kings Houshold, afterward Earle of Southampton.
• Thomas Baron Cromwel, afterward Earle Essex.
• Iohn, Baron Russel, afterward Earle of Bedford.
• Thomas, Baron Wriothesly, afterward cre∣ated Earle of Southampton.
• Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, B••∣stard sonne to King Edward the fourth.
• Walter Deuereux, Baron Ferrers of Chartley, and afterward made Earle of Hertford.
• Edward Howard, Admirall of England, who died in Bretaigne.
• George Neuil, Baron Aburgaueny.
• Thomas West, Baron de la Ware.
• Thomas, Baron Dacres of Gillesland.
• Thomas, Baron Darcy of the North.
• Edward Sutton, Baron Dudley.
• William Blount, Baron Montioy.
• Edward Stanley, Baron Monteagle.
• William Baron Sands.
• Henry Baron Marney.
• Thomas Baron Audley of Waldon, Lord Chancellor of England.
• Iohn Gage, knight, Controller of the kings House.
• Henry Guilford, Knight, Maister of the Horse, and after Controller of the House.
• Nicholas Carew, Knight, Maister of the Horse.
• Thomas Cheney, Knight, Warden of the Cinque-Ports.
• Richard Wingfield, Knight, Chancellor of the Dutchy of Lancaster.
• Anthony Wingfield, Knight, Vice-Cham∣berlaine to the King, Captaine of the Guard, and after Controller of the Kings House.
• Anthony Saint-Leger, Knight, Vice-Roy of Ireland.
• Iohn Wallop, Knight, Captaine of G••y••s in France.

Edward the sixt, King of England, France and Ireland, Supreame Lord of the Garter•• by him these men following were admitted into the said Order.

• HEnry the second, King of France.
• Henry Grey, Marquesse Dorset, after

• ... Duke of ••••••••olke.
• Henry Neuile, Earle of Westmerland.
• Edward Stanley, Earle of Derby.
• Frances Hastings Earle of Huntingdon.
• William Herbert, Earle of Pembroke.
• Thomas Seymour Baron of Sudeley.
• Thomas West Baron de la Ware.
• George Brooke, Baron Cobham.
• Edward Baron Clinton, Lord Admirall of England, and afterward Earle of Lincolne.
• William Paget, Baron of Beau-Desert.
• Thomas Darcie, Baron of Chiche.
• Andrew Sutton (alias Dudley) Knight.

Mary, Queen of England, France and Ireland, and Supreame Lady of the Order of the Garter, these men (for orders sake) the other Knights being dead, were preferred into their places.

• PIllip, King of Spaine, Husband to the Queene.
• Emanuel Philebert, Duke of Sauo••y.
• Henry Radcliff, Sonne of Henry Earle of Sussex.
• Anthony Browne, Vicount Mount-acute.
• William Howard, Baron of Effingham.
• William Gray Baron of Wilton.
• Edward Hastings, Master of the Horse, af∣ter Baron Hastings of L••••ghborow, and Chamberlaine to the Queene.
• Robert Rochester, Knight, dyed before the enstalement.

Elizabeth of famous memory, Queene of England, France and Ireland, Su∣preame Lady of the most noble Or∣der of the Garter, chose into that Or∣der, these men following.

• MAximillian Emperour, King of Bo∣hemia and Hungaria, in the yeare 1568
• Charles the ninth, King of France. 1564
• Henry the third, King of France. 1584
• Fredericke King of Denmarke. 1582
• Adolph, Duke of Halsatia. 1560
• Iohn Cassimere, Count-Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bauaria. 1579
• Frances Montmorency, Duke of Mont∣morency. 1572
• Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolke. 1556
• Fredericke Duke of Wittenberge 1597. He was not receiued, till vnder the reigne of the King of Great Bretaigne, Iames, first of that name, in the yeare 1604
• William Parre, Marquesse of Northamp∣ton. 1559
• Thomas Percie Earle of Northumberland. 1563.
• George Talbot, Earle of Shrewsburie. 1561
• Henry Stanley, Earle of Derby. 1574
• William Sommerset, Earle of Worcester. 1570
• Henry M••nnors, Earle of Rutland. 1559
• Henry Hastings Earle of Huntington. 1572
• Ambrose Sutton (alias Dudley) Earle of Warwicke. 1563
• Francis Russell, Earle of Bedford. 1564
• Henry Herbert, Earle of Pembroke. 1574
• Robert Sutton (alias Dudley) Earle of Lei∣cester. 1559
• Walter Deuereux Earle of Essex. 1572
• Edward Mannors Earle of Rutland. 1584
• Henry Radcliffe, Earle of Sussex. 1586
• Robert Deuereux, Earle of Essex. 1588
• G••lbert Talbot, Earle of Shrewsbury. 1592
• George Clifford, Earle of Cumberland. 1592
• Henry Percie Earle of Northumberland. 1593
• Edward Sommerset, Earle of Worcester. 1593
• Robert Radcliffe, Earle of Sussex. 15••9
• William Stanley, Earle of Darby. 1601
• Arthur Grey, Baron of Wilton. 1572
• Charles Howard, Baron of Effingham, and Lord Admirall of England, 1575. af∣ter Earle of Nottingham.
• Edmund Burges, Baron Chandoys. 1572
• Henry Cary, Baron of Hunsdon. 1561
• William Cecil, Baron of Burghley. 1572
• William Brooke Baron of Cobham. 1584
• Henry Scroope, Baron of Bolton. 1584
• Thomas Sackuile, Baron of Buckhurst, after Earle of Dors••t, and Lord High-Trea∣surer of England. 1593
• Thomas, Baron de Burgh. 1593
• Edmund, Baron Sheffeild. 1593
• Thomas Howard, Baron Howard of Wal∣den, 1597. after Earle of Suffolke, and Lord Chamberlaine to the Kings Ma∣iesty, also Lord High-Treasurer of England.
• George Cary, Baron of Hunsdon, and Lord Chāberlain to Queen Elizabeth. 1597
• ...

• Charles Blount, Baron Monioy, 1597. after Earle of Deuonshire.
• Henry Brooke, Baron Cobham. 1599
• Thomas Cecil, Baron of Burghly. 1601
• Henry Sidney, Knight, President of the Marches of Wales. 1588
• Christopher Hatton, Knight, Lord Chaun∣cellor of England. 1588
• Francis Knoles, Knight, Treasurer of the Queenes house. 1593
• Henry Lea, knight, Keeper of the Armory 1597

These foure last were of the long Roabe and they whom we call Knights of Let∣ters (who may be of Armes) the English, Germaines, Italians, & other Nations, do tearme Cheualiers Dorez, Equites Auratos. Because in regard of their long & faith∣full seruice, they haue Letters from their Prince, for the title of Earles & Knights, with power to beare the Circle on their Armes, a Chaine of Gold about their necks, the Sword and guilded Spu••res, as we haue said in the first Booke, and first Chapter.

Iames, the first of Great Brittaine, France, and Ireland, King, Supreame Lord of the Garter: by him these men following, were admitted into the said Order.

• Christierne, fourth of the name, King of Denmarke. 1603
• Henry of England, Prince of VVales, and of Great Bretaign, eldest Sonne to the King. 1603
• Charles Duke of Yorke, second Son to the King, Prince of Great Bretaigne and VVales. 1611
• Fredericke, Prince Elector, Palatine of the Rhine. 1613
• Graue Maurice, after Prince of Orenge. 1613
• Frederick Duke of VVittemberge, elected in the yeare 1597. but not enstalled till 1604.
• Lewes Duke of Lenox, Cousine to the King. 1603
• Henry VVriothesly, Earle of Southampton. 1603
• Iohn Ereskin, Earle of Marre. 1603
• VVilliam Herbert, Earle of Penbrok. 1603
• Hulricke, Duke of Hlsatia. 1605
• Henry Howard, Earle of Northamptō 1605
• Robert Cecil, Earle of Salisbury, after Lord high-Treasurer of England. 1606
• Thomas Howard, Viscount Bindon. 1606
• George Hume Earle of Dunbarre. 160••
• Phillip Herbert, Earle of Mōtgomery. 1608
• Thomas Howard, Earle of Arundel. 1611
• Thomas Ereskin Viscount Fenton. 161••
• Robert Carre, Vicount Rochester▪ afterward Earle of Sommerset. 161••
• VVilliam Baron Knoles of Grayes, Treas••∣ror of the Kings house, after Viscoun•• VVallingford. 1615
• Francis, Earle of Rutland. 1616
• George Villers, after Viscount Villers, Earl and Marquesse of Buckingham. 1616
• Robert Sidney, Viscount Lysle, after Earle of Leicester. 1616
• Iames Hamilton, Marquesse Hamilton and Earle of Cambridge, enstalled 1623

For the rest, we haue sufficiently dis∣coursed the Armes, Crests & Supporters of the said Order of the Garter, which a••e to be seene in an infinite number of imprinted Bookes and Manuscrip••••, re∣maining yet in mine owne hands, with the figure of the vnion of the Roses White and Red, printed & cut in Copper at London, by Iodocus Hondius, An. 1589.

We will finish this Order, by the Bla∣zons and Supporters of the Armes of England, and with the Kings, Heralds and Pursuiuants of Armes of the said Kingdome.

The Armes are De France, Fs••arte•••• D'Angleterre.

The Supporters: On the right side a Leopard, and on the other a Griffon.

There are three Kings of Armes.

Garter, who is first; for honour of the Order, but not for Antiquity, because his Institution was but by King Henry the Fift.

Clarenceux: And

Norroy.

Both of them Instituted by King Ed∣ward third of that name; And these two Kings are called Kings of Prouinces.

There are six Heralds; namely,

• 2. Sommerset.
• 6. Chester.
• 3. VVindsore.
• 5. Richmond.
• 4. Lancaster.

1. Yorke. * 1.151

Who haue foure Poursuiuants vnder them; to wit,

• 3. Rougedragon.
• 1. Portcullis. Which we tearme••

• ... Harrow, that the King of England, Henry, eight of the name, tooke for his De∣uise.
• 2. Blew-Mantle.
• 4. Rouge-Crosse.

All these Officers are immediately allowed by the owne hand of the Kings of England, or in their absence or impeachment, by the Constable or Earle Marshall of the Kingdome, who giuing them their Crownes and Collars, createth the Pursui∣uants and granteth Coates to the Heralds and Pursuiuants. They haue a House or Colledge for their meeting together, perticularly appointed for them in the Citie of London, and their Pensions or Wages are iustly payed them from the Kings Exchec∣quer.

Gahrer King of Armes, hath charge of all such matters as concerne the Order, to carry mandates and all instruments necessary, as well to the Knights as Bachelers, elected and named for the said Order.

Clarenceaux King of Armes, hath for his deuision all the Prouinces and Countries of England, which are in the East, West and South sides, from the Riuer of Trent.

Norroy is King of Armes, of those parts extendind beyong the said Riuer, into the North.

The charge and exercise of these two Kings of Armes, is to command the He∣ralds and Pursuiuants, to view and visite in the Prouinces of their diuisions, all No∣ble Houses; to obserue, make and describe their Pedegrees; distinguish and bla∣zon the Armes of yonger Brothers from the elder; to ouerthrow and deface in pub∣lique Market places, those which are vsurped by Yeomen, Villaines, or their Sons; and to cut off the Spurs of those vsurpers, who counterfeit themselues as descended from Nobles, Knights and Esquires. Also to giue Armes to such Yeomen, whom the Kings will haue ennobled: And to order the Blacks, Obsequies and Funerals for Princes, Gouernors, Knights, and Nobles in their partitions.

In England there is perticularly a Chamber of Iustice, to iudge causes concerning the facts of Knights of the Garter, as well for things touching their goods, as those that respect their honor and person. And this Chamber is named The Court for Knights. Therin is deliuered all Commissions, Exploits and Assignations, necessary in matters ciuile and criminall: the signification whereof belongeth to the King of Armes Garter, who imployeth in them (according to the importance and occurren∣ces of the fact) the other Kings of Armes, or Heralds.

The End of the Orders of England.

The Order of Scotland, called of Saint Andrew, or of the Thistle, and the Rew. CHAP. III.

* 1.152SCotland, a part of Great Bretaigne, is an auncient State or Kingdome alone, and seperated from England by two Riuers; the one comming from the East, and called Tueda, and the o∣••her from the West, named Solueo, all the rest of the Island is engirt with the Sea,* 1.153 tearmed the Ocean. Edenborough is the Capitall Citie of the Kingdome (where the Kings of Scots, predecessours to Iames the sixt, now reigning, and King of all Great Bretaigne) haue made their ordenarie residing.

Setting aside the auncient Originall of the Scots, and the Warres which they haue had against the Picts, the old English and Saxons their neighbours, and which the curious Reader may see in the Histories of Marianus Scotus; of Ioannes Leslaeus, Bishop of Rosse, imprinted at Rome, In aedibus populi Romani, Anno 1568. of George Buchanan, and other Scottish Historians; wee will come to their Kings,* 1.154 the first of whom (by their saying) was Fergus, who they make to be the Son of Ferquhard, King of Hibernia or Ireland. Fergusius faustis omnium acclamationibus, Fatali Cathedrae insidens, primus Scotorum Rex in Albione dictus est. Three hundred and thirty yeares before the Incarnation of our Sauiour and Redeeemer Iesus Christ.

* 1.155The Scots say, that their King, named Hiber, who came from Aegypt to inhabite on the coasts of Spaine, and from thence into Ireland, so called of his name; brought along with him a Stone of Marble, made in the fashion of a Chaire, wherein hee made it his vse to sit. And this Chaire, which they called Fatale, the Kings of Scots were seated in, at their election to the Kingdome. A custome which was continu∣ed by the Kings, descending of Fergus, first of that name, vnto the King Iohn Baliol, ouercome by the King of England Edward, first of that name, who caused the Mar∣ble Chayre to be brought from Scone in Scotland, where it was kept; to his Pallace at Westminster neere London,* 1.156 where at this day it is to be seene. Which Edward was in∣cited to doe, because by an ancient credited saying, it was verily beleeued, that the Kingdome of Scotland should change from thence, to follow the fortune of him, who was to become Maister thereof, according as two verses, engrauen on the fatall Mar∣ble, doe report.

Ni fallat fatum, Scoti quocumque locatum Inuenient lapidem, regnare tenentur ibidem.

* 1.157This Fergus, by the magnanimity of his courage, tooke for his Armes and deuise, the creature accounted the Symboll of valiancy and generositie, to witt D'Or, As Lyon rempant de Gueules (which the Kings of Scotland haue retained, without chan∣ging, euen to this present) Au Mezail tarre de front, et coronne, et pour Cimier vn Scepire au coste droict, et vne Espee nuë a l'autre.

* 1.158After the said Fergus, the Scots accounte fiue and twenty Kings Idolaters, vnto Do∣nalaus, first of that name, who was their first Christian King, by the meanes of Pope Victor, first of the name, who sent them Priests, by whose preaching and miracles wrought, the said King of Scotland, the Nobility and people, embraced and receiued the Catholique Religion, in the yeare of Iesus Christ, two hundred and three, and from the establishment of the said Kingdome, fiue hundred, thirty and three.

After the said Christian King Donalde the first, vntill King Achaius, there are rancked seauen and thirty Kings successiuely.

This Achaius, made League and Alliance offensiue and defensiue, towards all and against all Kings and Princes, not excepting any; with King Charlemaigne and the most

Christians Kings of France his Successours to perpetuity, in rhe yeare of Grace, Eight hundred and nine. The Conuentions and agreements of this League spake perticulerly.

[illustration]

That to Perpetuity,* 1.159 Alli∣ance and Confederation, should be betweene the Scotts and Frenche.

That in the warres which the English made, the said Scots and French should giue suc∣cour mutually and reciprocal∣ly, the one to the other.

That if it happened the said English, should make warre in France; the Scotts must then giue them succour with men of warre, who should be wa∣ged and maintained at the ex∣pences of the French.

The same should they like∣wise doe, furnishing the ex∣pences with their money, if the said Scotts should be war∣red on by the English.

That for following time, neither the Scotts nor French, should fauour the parte of the English, either with money, councell, Armes or victualles, vnder paine of being declared guilty of High Treason.

That the French should make no Peace or Truce with the English; except the King of Scots were comprised and named therein.

That the Couenants and Conditions aboue named, should be confirmed from King to King, and at ech•• change of them, and their Pragmaticall Sanctions to bee sealed and confirmed riciprocally on both sides.

The Scots ioyfull of this Alliance, accepted it for their aduantage and benefit,* 1.160 as the very greatest and most famous of Christendome, and deleagued for their Ambassa∣dour, William, Brother to Achaius their king, assisted with the councell of foure persons more, renowned for learning, named Clemens, Iohn, Rabanus and Alcuinus, accompa∣nied with foure thousand men of warre, sent to the succour of king Charlemaigne.* 1.161 Of those foure Doctours and vtterers of knowledge, king Charlemaigne kept two, the one as Regent and Gouernour of the Vniuersitie of Paris, and the other for that of Pauia, which he had founded and erected, to instruct in learning the French, Lombardes, and the nations of Italie, which hee had reduced vnder his obedience. The two worthy Doctours, so stayed by king Charlemaigne at Paris and Pauia, were Iohn, sirnamed Sco∣••us, a Scottish man both by nation and Sir-name, and Claudius Clemens.

To preserue the memory of this Alliance to posterity, the Scotts report, that Char∣lemaigne gaue permission to the said Achaius, king of Scotland, and to his Succes∣sours in the said kingdome,* 1.162 to Honour and enclose Le Lyon de leur Armes D'un double Essonier et Trescheur Fleure', Contrefleure 'De France de Geueules, & de∣porter la Coronne esleuee, et cleschee a l'Imperiale, le Chappeau decore' de quatre Fleures de Lys esleuee entre parcil nombre de Croix pattees. Which the kings of England

Scotland haue conserued in Armes, And Crowned to this very day.

Aeguinard, Secretary to the State, nourished (from his tender youth) in the Court of France, decribing the life of the said King Charlemaigne, maketh a denumeration of strange Princes, who sought for, and embraced the amity of that puissant Mo∣narch.* 1.163 First of all, the Emperours of Constantinople, Nicephorus, Michaell and Leo: Aaron King of the Persians, Ruler of the greatest part of the East, the Indiaes excepted: Alphonso King of Gallicica and of the Asturies, with the Kings of Scotland, of whom he speaketh thus. Scotorum quoque Reges sic habuit ad suam voluntatem per suam mu∣nificentiam inclinatos, Vt eum nunquam aliter quam Dominum, seque subditos ac seruos eius pronuntiarent. Extant Epistolae ab eis ad eum missae, quibus huiusmodi affectus eo∣rum erga illum indicatur.

This Alliance of the two Crownes of France and Scotland, hath continued (as the Scots themselues say) for the reignes of one and Forty Kings of France,* 1.164 and sixe and Forty of Kings Scotland, contayning the space of Eight hundred and twenty yeares.

In vertue of which Alliance or Confederation, many remarkable succours haue bin giuen by the Scots to France. The forenamed Achaius assisted King Charlemaigne, with foure thousand Scots, conducted by his Brother Guillaum, who did profitable seruice in tho warres, in Italie, Saxonie, Hungaria and Spayne.

Malcome, Third of that name, King of Scotland, sent two thousand men of his to Monsieur Hugues de France, called the Great, Counte of Vermandois, Brother to Phillip, first of that name, to ioyne in the Voyage of the Holy Land, for the Conquest of Ie∣rusalem, vnder the Conduct of the valliant Prince, Godfrey of Bullen.

Alexander, second of that name, sent Three thousand Scots, to the succour of the Great King Saint Lewes, Conducted by Patach of Dunbar, Earle of Marche, for his voyage into the East.

Alexander, third of that name, sent to the same Saint Lewes, for his Voyage into Affrica, other two thousand Scots, Conducted by the Earles of Caerrct, and of Ath••ll.

Dauid la Bruce, sent three thousand Scots to King Iohn, Conducted by William Earle of Douglas, who were slaine on the day of Poictiers.

* 1.165Robert de Stuart, Gouernour of Scotland, and vnckle to King Iames, First of that name, sent seauen thousand Scots to Monsieur Charles of France, the Daulphine of Vi∣ennois, Conducted and commaunded by his Sonne the Earle of Bouquh••n, and Ar∣chembald Douglas, Earle of Wigton, and Brother in Law to the Earle of Boucquhan, who won the Battaile at Baugency.

His Sonne Murdaque, also Gouernour of Scotland, sent ten thousand Scots to the same Charles, being King, Fifte of that name, Conducted by his Brother the said Earle of Boucquhane, and A••chembald Douglas, and the one eyed Earle of Douglas, Father to the Earle of Wigton, Godfather to the Earle of Boucquhane; who perished (for the most part) at the Battaile of Vernueill. Anno, 1424.

* 1.166Iohn Stuart, Constable of Scotland, in the yeare One thousand, foure hundred twenty fiue, brought foure thousand Scots to King Charles the Seauenth, with many other Companies, commaunded by Dauid le Pitulot.

Since those times, the Scots haue alwayes continued, and giuen to France very wor∣thy seruices; vnder the charge of Robert Bernard; an other Robert and Iohn Stuart, Lord of Aubignie; Alexander Duke of Albaine, and Iohn his Sonne, Earle of Bouc∣quhane; during the Reignes of Lewes the Eleuenth, Charles the Eight, Lewes the Twelfth, Frances the First, and Henry the Second.

The said Scots, not satisfied to haue assisted with their powers France, whensoeuer it had neede,* 1.167 to diuert the auncient enemies thereof from warring thereon; drew them against themselues into Scotland: so that vpon the same subiect, the English (at all times enemies of France and Scotland) entred into their Kingdome, soare wounded, and tooke prisoner Dauid le Bruce, of whom we spake before, and with him ten thou∣sand Scots slaine, at the Battaile of Du••ham.

Iames the Fourth, vpon the same subiect, had warre against his Father in Law the King of England Henry, Eight of that name: was slaine in the Battaile of Flodden, with him the most part of the Nobility, and well neere foureteene thousand Scots.

Iames the Fift, his Son, had also the same Henry the (Eight being his Vnckle) pressing

vpon him, because hee had made warre in fauour of the King of France,* 1.168 Frances the First, his Father in Law. This Warre succeeded ill to him, he dyed with griefe & discontent, eight dayes after an vnkinde crosse of Fortune, by the ouerthrow of his Army, conducted by Oliuer de Sainct Clere, his Fauourite.

Mary Stuart, Queene of Scotland, his Daughter and onely Heyre, was by the three Estates of the Realme, promised in Marriage to Prince Edward of England, Sonne to the said King Henry the Eight, in the Life time of his Father. But he be∣ing dead, the said Estates of Scotland finding this Alliance not liking to them, mar∣ried their Queene, sending her into France, to the French Daulphine, Second Son to King Henry, Second of that name. Edward being angry at this Marriage,* 1.169 sent an Army into Scotland, conducted by his Vncle the Duke of Somerset, who wonne the Battaile of Puique, wherein dyed Fifteene Thousand Scots.

Beside these succours and signall Seruices, rendred so many times by the Scots to France, heereto may bee added, that since King Iames, Sixt of that name, King of Scotland, came to the Crown of England, by the death of Queen Elizabeth, Daugh∣ter to King Henry the Eight: the States of England made many requests to the Scots, that seeing they were now ioyned together, as being one people, vnder the obedience of one King onely, and their Kingdomes comprised vnder the name of Great Bretaigne; it was very requisite and good reason,* 1.170 that (thenceforward) there should be no other Alliance, Confederation or other Gouernment, but that of the English, labouring by this meanes, to diuert the Scots from the ancient Alliance of France, whereto the Scots would not listen by any meanes.

Because (from time to time) there had beene Alliance and Affinity betweene the French and Scots, from King to King, and Kingdome to Kingdome,* 1.171 and their Affi∣nity renewed by diuers Marriages. For Iewes the Eleauenth being Daulphin, had to Wife in his first Nuptialls, Madame Margaret of Scotland, Daughter to King Iames First of that name, at which time, the blood of the two Nations of France & Scot∣land were conioyned and mingled all together. In regard that there were an Hun∣dred and Forty, as well Scottish Ladies as Gentlewomen, married into France, of which number, were the two Sisters to the Queene Daulphine, the one whereof es∣poused the Duke of Bretaigne, and the other the Earle of Flanders.

Alexander Duke of Albany, Brother to the King of Scots, Third of the name,* 1.172 es∣poused the Countesse of Bologne: And running at Tilt against Monsieur Lewes, Duke of Orleance, was wounded with a splinter of a Launce, of which hurt he died imme∣diately, leauing off this Marriage.

Iohn Steuart, Duke of Albany, Count of Bologne, and Gouernour of Scotland, du∣ring the Minority of Iames the Fift: who married in his first espousals Madame Magdalen of France, eldest Daughter to King Frances, First of that name. And in second Marriage, the said King Iames tooke to Wife Mary of Lorraine, Dowager of Longue. Ville, Sister to the Duke of Guise; And of this Marriage was borne only one Daughter.

Mary Stuart, Queene of Scotland, Wife to the Daulphine Frances, Second of that name, King of Scotland.

The Kings of France incited by the fidelity of the Scots, of succours and Seruices so many times receiued from them, and of losses and damages suffered by them, in being alwayes of their part and Alliance: haue recompenced their principall char∣ges, from the great F••e••s and fees of their Crowne.

Charles, Seauenth of the name, gaue the Office of Constable of France,* 1.173 the first of the Kingdome, to Lord Iohn Stuart, Earle of Boucquhane. He was made by the same King, Count d'Eureux, an ancient Appennage belonging to the Princes of the blood of France, Kings of Nauarre, and hee gaue him the Siegneury of Concressault. He deserued for his great and worthy Seruices, to beare for honor in the first Quar∣ter of his Armes, De France à la Bordure de Gueules, à huict fermailets d'Or.

The Earle of Douglas was honoured with the Duchie of Touraine, which Charles the Seauenth, and his Brethren, Eldest Sonnes of France, held for their Appen∣nage or Portion.

The said Douglas enioyed the said Duchie, hee, his Sonne, and youngest Sonne,

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* 1.174These Priuiledges of the Scots, were confirmed by King Henry the Great, Fo•••••• of that name, in the yeare One Thousand, Fiue Hundred, Foure Score and Nine∣teene. According as the same was formerly done by King Charles the Ninth, who in Anno One Thousand, Fiue Hundred, Three Score and Seauen, confirmed the Pri∣uiledges granted by the Kings his Predecessors to Scottish Merchants, Priuiledges of Exemption from all kinds of Impositions laid vpon their Merchandises. Priui∣ledges not onely verified in the Court of Parliament at Paris; but also confirmed by Arrests in the Yeares, One Thousand, Fiue Hundred, Foure Score and One, and, One Thousand, Fiue Hundred, Foure Score and Foure.

The Captaines of the Scottish Guards, who had the places of Honour where∣vnto they were called: As those of the first Men of Armes; of ordenary exempts▪ the Marshall of the Lodging; the keepers of the keyes, & of the Quire in the Church, were naturall Scots. And vntill the disastrous death of King Henry, Second of that name, slaine by a Lance in the Iousts of Paris, by the Count de Montgommery, naturall Scots. By whose death and absence, those Charges were conferred on the Lords and French Gentlemen, admitted in like manner into the Companies of the Scottish Guards, with the naturall Scots. But returne wee now againe to King A∣chaius, the subiect of this our digression.

* 1.175Hungus, King of the Picts, pressed by the powers of Athelstane, King of the East Saxons, made his recourse to the said Achaius, who with his Army of ten thousand Scots, entred on the Marches and Frontiers of Northumberland, where hee gaue hot welcome to Hungus at his returne; yet he was surprized by the Army of Athel∣stane, with all his forces, as hee resolued (neuerthelesse) to giue the Enemy Battaile. And being in the night time on their knees at prayer, the Scottish men beheld in Heauen the Crosse of Saint Andrew the Apostle,* 1.176 their Patron, by vertue and en∣couragement of which sight, by breake of day the next morning, they had the victory ouer the King their enemy, who was there slaine, and the place hath euer since retained his name, being called Athelstanes Foord, abruptly tearmed Ailsta•••• Foord.* 1.177 The Scots write, that about the yeare of Grace, Three Hundred, Three-Score and Nine, Saint Regulus came forth of Greece into Scotland, bringing with him the Reliques of Saint Andrew the Apostle, whom they held for their Tutelary Saint and Patrone. And his Crosse En Saultoir (vnhansomly fashioned) for Colonel in their Penons, Standards and Banners.

After this Achaius, the Scots account twenty Kings in Succession, euen vnto

* 1.178Malcolme, Third of that name, who began to reigne in the yeare of Grace, One Thousand, Three Score and One. Of his Wife Saint Margaret, Sister to Edgar, he begat sixe Sonnes, and two Daughters.

• Edward, slaine with his Father.
• Etheldred, dying young.
• ...Edgar.
• ...Alexander.
• Dauid: And
• Edmond, who became a Monke.

The Daughters were Mathilde, or Mahauld of Scotland, Wife to the King of England Henry, First of that name, called Beauclarke. And of this Marriage descended the Kings of En∣gland, Successors to the said Henry. The other Daughter, was Mary of Scotland, Wife to Eustace Count of Bologne, Brother to Godfrey of Bo∣logne the First King of Ierusalem.

By a Concubine, before his Marriage, hee had a Bastard Sonne named D••n∣cane,* 1.179 who was King of Scotland, Second of the name after Donald, Brother to Ma∣colme the Third, who, with his eldest Sonne was slaine on the Marches of Scotland, by the King of England William, Sirnamed Rous, or Rufus, Sonne to William the Conqueror, in the yeare of Grace, One Thousand, Foure Score and Seauenteene, the Sixe and Thirtieth yeare of his Reigne, the Queene Saint Margaret deceasing with sorrow foure dayes after him. In his time was made the Conquest of Norman∣dy, by Willam the Bastard. And the Illustrious Family of the Stuarts, which hol∣deth

the Crownes of Great Bretaigne at this present, tooke stemme and foundation from Walter (Sonne of Fleance) Great Seneshall or Steward of Scotland.* 1.180 After King Malcolme succeeded

Donald, Sixt of the name, his Brother, in regard of the young yeares of his Ne∣phewes; transported them into England, vndet the Guard of King Edgar, their Vncle by the Mothers side. The reigne of this man was of no long continu∣ance, because

Duncane, Bastard of him dead, being assisted by a puissant Armie, which was sent him from William Rufus, vnder whom hee had martially serued: expelled Donald out of Scotland, who reigned no more then eighteene Moneths, but fled into the Ilands Hebrides. Duncane was slaine within a while after, by the cunning traines of Donald; who came againe into Scotland, where he ill-intreated the Nobility, the chiefest whereof resolued to call home

Edgar, the Third Sonne of Malcolme.* 1.181 From England he was conducted into Scot∣land (by an Army of Englishmen, sent from William Rufus) where he was receiued and installed in the fatall Chayre at Scone, and Donald shut vp in Prison, where hee dyed with griefe, in the fourth yeare of his Reigne.

Edgar was the first of the Kings of Scotland, Annointed and Sacred with Holy Oyle, by the Bishop of Saint Andrewes, named Godric, which hath euer since beene obserued at the Coronation of the Kings of Scotland. Saint Margaret, Mo∣ther to the said Edgar obtained this Priuiledge of Pope Vrbane the Second, who at that time presided in the Holy Seate.

This King liued peaceably in his Kingdome about the space of nine yeares, and dyed without Issue, in the yeare of Grace, One Thousand, One Hundred and Nine, and after him succeeded his Brother

Alexander, First of that name, called the Strong, who dyed also without Issue, af∣ter he had reigned Seauenteene yeares, in Anno, One Thousand, One Hundred, Twenty Sixe, leauing for his Successour his Brother

Dauid, First of that name, who in the life time,* 1.182 and with the consent of his Fa∣ther Alexander, tooke to Wife Mahauld, Daughter and sole Heyre to the Earle of Cumberland, Northumberland and Huntingdon, Earledomes, which by meanes of this Alliance came to the Crowne of Scotland, vnder the homage of that of En∣gland. Of this Marriage was borne their onely Sonne

Henry, who dyed in his Fathers life time.

Hee had espoused Adama, Daughter to the Earle of Warren, and by her hee had three Sonnes, and as many Daughters.

• ...Malcolme,
• William: And
• ...Dauid.

The Daughters were

• ...Adama,
• Margaret: And
• ...Mahauld.

Moreouer, hee had by the Widdow of Gualtier, Knight of the Thistle, a Bastard Sonne, named Gualtier, a Monke of holy life, Confessour and Councellour to his Brother Malcolme.

Dauid, First of that name dyed, hauing reigned nine and twenty yeares, in the yeare, One Thousand, Fiue Hundred, Fifty One.

Malcolme, Fourth of that name, teamed the Virgin-Man,* 1.183 eldest Sonne to the Prince of Scotland Henry, scceeded in the Kingdome, after the death of Dauid the First his Grandfather. He liued chastly, and not being married, gouerned by his na∣turall Brother, formerly named, and dyed after hee had reigned thirteene yeares. An. 1163. he had for his Successour his Second Brother

William, Sirnamed the Lyon, who left by his Wife Hermingard, Daughter to the Earle of Beaumont, youngest Daughter to William the Conquerour, one Sonne, na∣med

Alexander, and three Daughters, all married into England, to wit

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and other Authors who liued at that time, say all with one consent, this of her. Mag∣nam post Abaelardi coniugis mortem ei in assiduis precibus fidem seruasse, Corpusque e∣ius de loco vbi obierat, ad praedictum Paracleti Monasterium transtulisse.

Shee dyed the Sixteenth of the Calends of Iune, An. One Thousand, One Hun∣dred, Threescore and Three. And at her enterring, the Celestiall and Diuine Loue of these faithfull Louers appeared by Miracle. Helouisa, being at the end of her life, ordained and desired to bee carried to the Sepulchre or Tombe of Abaylard her Husband. After her death she was brought thither,* 1.184 and (a miraculouus thing) her Husband, who twenty yeares before had lien in his Graue; lifted vp his arme on high, receiued the body of his Wife, and after hee had embraced it, held it fast to him.

Heloisa in agritudine posita praecepit, vt mortua intra Mariti tumulum poneretur. Et sic eadem defunctà ad tumulum deportata, Maritus eius qui multis diebus ante eam de∣functus fuerat, eleuatis in brachijs illam recepit, & ita eam amplexatu, sbrachia sua re∣strinxit.

To the end, that like as this modest Dame (during her Marriage) had singularly affected and honoured her Hu••band; so after the dissolution thereof, and his life, she loued him more entirely, with loue wholly diuine and Celestiall, and liued all the rest of her life in continuall Chastity, & in obseruance of the Monasticall Rules, which the said Abaylard had prescribed to her, and followed him in the same Graue, to liue with him in eternall glory. These are the words of Peter of Clugny, wri∣ting the newes of her Husbands death, to the said Helouifa. Hunc ergo venerabilis, & charissima in Domino Soror, cui post carnalem copulam tanto validi••re quanto melure diuinae charitatis vinculo ad haesisti, cum quo, & sub quo diu Domino deseruisti; hunc inquam, loco tui, vel vt te alteram in gremio suo confouet & in aduentu Domini, in vece Archangeli; & in tubâ Dei descendentis de Coelo, tibi per ipsius gratiam restituendum re∣seruat. Returne wee now againe to the Kings of Scotland.

Alexander the Third (of whom we discoursed before this digression) dyed in A••. One Thousand, Two Hundred, Foure Score, and Three, hauing reigned thirty foure yeares.

* 1.185Being dead without Issue, and hauing declared (by his Testament) his Successor in the Kingdome: there grew contention betweene Iohn Balliol, and Robert Bruce, Princes issued of the Scottish Blood, to which of them the Crowne should come, because they were both descended of Dauid, Brother to King William; Robert, of Isabel of Scotland, the youngest Daughter, and Iohn, of Margarete of Scotland, el∣dest Daughter to the said Dauid. To vnderstand clearely this Genealogie, let vs tell you.

Dauid, First of that name, King of Scotland, Brother to King Alexander the First, had a Sonne.

Henry of Scotland, Father of three Sonnes, namely of Malcolme, Fourth of that name, King of Scotland, deceasing without Issue, as we haue said, of

William, King of Scotland, of whom the Line fayled in the person of King Alex∣ander the Third, the Subiect of this digression. And of

Dauid of Scotland, Earle of Huntingdon, who left but two Daughters; to wit Margaret: And Isabell of Huntingdon.

Of Margaret, eldest Daughter to Dauid of Huntington, descended one onely Daughter

Deruogilde, Wife to Iohn Balioll, Father and Mother of this Iohn Balliol, who con∣tended for the Crowne.

Isabell, youngest Daughter to Dauid of Huntingdon, wife to Robert Bruce, had a Son Robert Bruce, Father of this Robert Bruce, who pretended his precedency to the King∣dome, before his Cousin Iohn Balioll, who maintained the contrary. To make agree∣ment betweene them, Edward the First, King of England, Sirnamed Long-shankes, was made Arbitratour, who adiudged the Crowne to Iohn Balioll, sitting in the Fatall Chayre, according to the ancient Custome. This Iohn and his Sonne Edward, were taken and ouerthrowne in Battaile, by the said King Edward the First, and then hee transported the Fatall Chayre, as we haue formerly declared.

Robert Bruce came to the Crowne of Scotland, which he defended valiantly against the English, surmounting them in great store of Encounters; so that he purdged Scot∣land of the English, after a furious and Blody Battaile, wherein he had the victory, the yeare of Grace, One thousand three hundred and foureteene, the feast day of S. Iohn:

This Robert had two wiues. By the first, named Elizabeth, Sister to the Earle of Marre, he had but one daughter, named Margery.

The other wife, was Sister to the Earle of Hullesten, and by her he had one Sonne and two daughters, namely

• ...Dauid.
• Margaret: And
• ...Mahauld.

At the generall Parliament of Scotland, helde in the yeare before remembred, it was ordained, that for following time,* 1.186 the Kingdome of Scotland should appertaine to Dauid, the Sonne of Robert. And if he chaunced to dye without heires Males; to Edward, Brother of the said Robert, and to his Male children; who deceasing without heires Masculine: the Crowne of Scotland should then come to Margerie, eldest daughter to King Robert, and to her descendants, as well Males as Females.

There was a Treatie of Peace, betweene the Scots and English, by meanes of the Mariage of Ioane, daughter to Edward, the Third of that name, King of England,* 1.187 with Dauid of Scotland, Sonne to the said King Robert, who died the yeare of Grace, One thousand three hundred twenty and nine, and the foure and twentieth of his Reigne. Somewhile before his death, hee had made a vow to crosse ouer the Seas, to make warre vpon the Sarrazins: which hauing not done, hee appointed by his Testament, that his heart should be buried at the Holy Sepulchre of Ierusalem, which was per∣formed by Iames Douglas his faithfull Knight, who (at his returne) came to dwell in Spayne, where he died in the seruice of the King of Arragon, in a Fight giuen against the Moores.

Dauid, Second of the name, succeeded in the Kingdome of Scotland, by the death of King Robert his Father. His repose was so troubled by Edward of England, that this young King was constrained to forsake his Kingdome, and shelter himselfe in France, in the Courte of King Phillip de Valois, the Sixte and last of that name, who gaue the Conduct of a puissant Army to William Douglas, and hee expelled the English out of Scotland, where he reseated his Master King Dauid: who hauing reigned nine and thirty yeares, more in warre then peace, more in afflictions and miseries,* 1.188 then any plea∣sure or contentment: died in the yeare of Grace, One thousand three hundred sea∣uenty, without hauing any issue by his two wiues, Ioane the Daughter of England, or Margaret, daughter to the Knight Iohn Logy: So that by his death, according to the Decree of Parliament Generall, related before, the Crowne of Scotland came to the Eldest sister.

Margerie, who married Walter Stuart, and of this Mariage descended the Kings of Scotland, that reigne to this day. Behold heere the Sourse of that Illustrious Family.

The Originall of the Illustrious Family of Stuart.

BAnquho, Thane of Loquhabir, that is to say, President and Gouernour of such a Prouince in Scotland, with his Sonne Fleance, caried themselues so vertuously in their charges, that they attained to great credit in Scotland. This was the reason, why King Mackbeth (immediate Predecessour of King Malcolme the third) was very enuious of their vertue, practi∣sing by wicked stratagems to murther them both. The father was slaine in the place.

Fleance escaped, and saued himselfe in England, trauayling to the Gouernour of the Prouince of Wales.* 2.1 This Fleance and his Father caried for their Armes D'or a la Fesse Eschiquettee D'Argent & de Sable de quatre Traicts, Which are the Aunci∣ent Armes of the Stuarts. This Fleance espoused the Daughter to the Gouer∣nour of Wales, and of this mariage was borne.

Walter, surnamed Banquho (according as his Father was) who returning into Scotland, fought valiantly for his King, against the Ilands Rebells, and the Saua∣ges of Scotland. In recompence of his extraordinary vertue, he was made Great

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or as there is a common Prouerbe at Paris: He is a Foole that so trusts. On the morow after this crowning the Earle of Atholl,* 2.2 he was fastened to the taile of a Horse, being led so thorow all the quarters and streets of the Citty. On the third day he was drawne with foure Horses, his hart and bowells rent forth of his body, which fi∣nally was deuided into foure quarters, the head and they being sent through all the Prouinces and Townes of the Kingdome, and affixed to the principall places of them. The Complices in this execrable Parricide,* 2.3 were pinched, with burning Pincers, quar∣tered, and cast vpon Wheeles, so to finish the rest of their miserable liues.

Iames, Second of the name, the only Male childe left, succeeded in the Kingdome of Scotland,* 2.4 being then but sixe yeares of age: And this young condition of the Prince, gaue subiect to the Malcontents, to remoue all things out of order. To cleanse Scot∣land of these enormities, the Gouernour and Chauncellour of the Realme, assembled the three Estates in the Royall Citty, where the mutiners appeared, and were there o∣uer-reached at the end of a Feaste, made in the Kings Castell. The Table clothes being taken away; on the Table where the mutiners sate, was placed a Bulles head which (long before had bin the noate among the Scots, of condemnation to death.) They were in∣stantly manacled and bound with cordes, and by their execution, Scotland reduced to perfect quietnes.

Ad praefinitam diem omnes sese sistunt. Publice coitur, disseritur varie de rebu•• va••ijs; Prandetur simul. Douglacio Comiti, Dauidi eius fratri, ac Malcolmo Flemingo C••nal∣deo, in Castello Edimburgensi, subito remota mensa, Caput Tauri (quod Scotis tunc tempo∣ris signum fuit in reos capitalis sententiae latae) Apponitur. In mensa vinculis constri••∣guntur: post capite mensam mulctantur: quo facto res Scotica pacata fuit.

The said Iames had to wife Mary, Daughter to the Duke of Gueldres, and of this ma∣riage issued three Sonnes and two Daughters.

• Iames, afterward King, Third of the name.
• Alexander, Duke of Albanie; And
• Iohn, Earle of Marre. The Daughters were
• Mary, Wife to Iames Hamilton, Earle of Arane: And
• ...Margaret.

This Iames was slaine by the slice or piece of a Faulckon, breking at the siedge of Roxborough, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand foure hundred and ninety, hauing reigned foure and twentie yeares, leauing for his Successour his eldest Sonne

Iames, Third of the name, aged then only seauen yeares, who ••spoused Margaret, Daughter to Christierne, First of that name, King of Denmarke, Sueden and Norway, by whom he had three Sonnes, and one Daughter.

• Iames, afterward King, Fourth of the name.
• Alexander, Duke of Rothsaye: And
• Iohn, Earle of Marre.

The Daughter is not named —

King Iames being (in his olde dayes) addicted to all couetous courses, and gouer∣ned by councell of men of meane qualitie; all the Nobles of Scotland bandi••d them∣selues against him, elected Prince Iames his eldest Son, aged then but sixteene yeares, for their King, and vnder his conduct, marched in rancked Battaile against the Father, who was there slaine the eleuenth day of Iune, Anno, 1488. bring the eight and twen∣tieth of his Reigne, leauing for Successour in the Kingdome, his eldest Sonne.

Iames, Fourth of the name, who at the beginning of his Reigne, found the Realme full of troubles and seditions, The Earle of Lennox, the Lord of the Isle, and an infinite number of Barons, arose against him, to take the Crowne from him, and to reuenge (as they said) the murder by him committed on the person of his Father King Iames, whose bloody Shirt they caried openly,* 2.5 through the Townes and Prouinces of Scot∣land, thereby to procure a generall reuolt. Yet it came to passe (notwithstanding) that the mutiners were vanquised in a fought Battaile, to make it knowne to Subiects that it belongeth not to them, to raise Armes against their Prince, or to Canton themselues in his Townes, vnder whatsouer pretence or appearance.

Notwithstanding this victory, K. Iames, was long time afflicted with disturbances, ha∣uing euermore before his face, the countenance of his father, of whose death he had bin

the occasion. And he was verily perswaded, that at euery step he trode; the shadow of his Father followed him at his heeles.

Omnibus vmbra locis adero; dabis improbe poenas.

He called also to his memory, diuers passages of the sacred Scriptures, That the Sonne which bandieth himselfe against his Father, and speaketh euill of his Mother, shall be accursed in heauen and on earth: And all the people shall say, Amen. The same is said al∣••o of disobedient children, as passe out of the world into eternall darknesse. Qui maledicit Patri suo, & Matri, extinguetur Lucerna eius in medijs tenebris: So it is said in the twentieth of the Prouerbs▪ And if the life of the disobedient childe, shall be alwayes fatall and vnfortunate; then must his death be altogether extraordinary, the Rauens of the Torrents, accustomed to Carrion, shall picke out his eyes, and his body shall serue for foode to the yong Rauens; in the last of the Prouerbs. Oculum qui subsannat Patrem, & qui despicit Matrem, effodianteum Corui de Torrentibus, & come∣••t cum filia Aquilae. Heauen and Earth shall passe, but the Word of God remaineth for euer.

For this reason the said King Iames, obtained an absolution from the Pope, Alex∣ander the sixt then sitting, as the Scottish Histories relate in these words. Alexander Sextus, Pontifex Maximus, cum intellexisset Regem incredibili quodam dolore penè con∣fectum, quod eorum factioni, qui manus Patri inferendas coniurabant, se adiunxerat. For∣mannum primum suum Amannensem (quem Prothonotarium vocant) abeum mittit, qui illum suo nomine bono esse animo iuberet, &c. This was done in the yeare of Grace, One thousand foure hundred ninetie one.

This Iames tooke to wife the eldest Daughter of King Henry of England,* 2.6 seauenth of the name, named Margaret, in right of whom, Iames, sixt of the name, King of Scot∣land, succeeded to the Crowne of England after the death of Queen Elizabeth, as we haue alreadie showne in our precedent discourse. And of this marriage were many children born, which were not long liued: so that there remained but two Sons:

Iames, fift of the name, King of Scotland, borne in the yeare, One thousand fiue hundred and twelue, the fifteenth day of Aprill: And Alexander, Duke of Rothsay, who died an infant, One thousand fiue hundred and sixteene.

Now notwithstanding this Alliance and kinred, King Henry of England the eight, brought his Armie into Scotland, against his Brother in Law, who was ouercome in the Battaile at the foote of the Mountaine by ••lodden, foure houres after midday, the ninth day of September, in the yeare of Grace. One thousand fiue hundred and thirteene, the fiue and twentieth yeare of his Reigne, and nine and thirtieth of his age. After the Battaile, the Body of the King could not be found among the dead, nor remaining with the liuing. The English said, that the morrow after the Battaile, by the breake of day, they found the body of the King of Scotland,* 2.7 stretched out at length, and wholly dead, and that they caused it to be carried, first to War∣wicke, and afterward to Richmond. The Scots on the contrary did maintaine, that the body transported by them into England, was that of the Lord of Bonhard, and not of the King, who the night after the Battaile, was seene safe and well at Kelso••, and that from thence (grieuing for the Battailes losse) he went to finish his dayes at the holy Sepulcher of Ierusalem, and the deuout places of the holy Land, in prayer and teares, as performing penance for the death of his Father. Iudicia Domini abys∣sus multa.

Iames the fift, came to the Crowne of Scotland, being then but two yeares old. He was hurried among the troubles and seditions of the time, which neuer faile to giue their attendance, especially at such times as Kings are in their minoritie, according as the diuine written Word hath giuen vs assurance: Vae Regno, cuius Rex puer est, in whatsoeuer sence it can be turned.

He ••a•• two Wiues, the first Madam Magdalen of France, Daughter to King Fran∣cis the first. This mariage was solemnized (the said Iames being present) in the Church of Paris, the first day of Ianuary, One thousand fiue hundred thirty seauen. She died of a Feuer in Scotland, the sixt of the Ides of Iuly, in the same yeare.

In secon•• N••ptials he espoused (by Ambassadours in France, the Earle of Mur∣ray, and Da••id de Betoun Cardinall, Bishop of Mirepoix in Languedocke) Mary of

Lorraine, Daughter to the Duke of Guise, Claudius of Lorraine, Widdow to the Duke of Longueuille. Of this marriage in Anno One thousand fiue hundred and thirtie, was borne

Iames, in the yeare One thousand fiue hundred thirtie eight.

Arthur in Anno One thousand fiue hundred and fortie, both of them dyed in one day.

Mary, who was Queene of Scotland, borne in the yeare of Grace, One thousand fiue hundred fortie and two, the seauenth of the Ides of December.

Iames the fift, dyed soone after, to wit, the nineteenth day of the Calends of Ia∣nuary, One thousand fiue hundred fortie two. Appointing his buriall to be neere to his wife, in the Church of Holy Crosse in Edenborough.

Mary, his onely Daughter, came to the Crowne of Scotland, the seauenth day of her birth, Crowned at Striueling, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand fiue hundred fortie three. And promised the same yeare to the Prince of Wales, Edward of Eng∣land, Sonne to King Henry the eight, a marriage which was neuer performed. Af∣ter the death of King Henry the eight, his Sonne Edward the sixt did what he could, to haue this Royall Princesse into England, against which, the Great Lords of Scot∣land made their opposition. Vpon this refusall, the English entred the Kingdome with a potent Armie, whereby the Scots were vanquished in a pitched Battaile. So that the States of the Realme thought it most conuenient, to send the yong Queene into France, and marrie her there to the French Prince Daulphine Francis, afterward King of France, second of the name. The English endeauoured to surprize her on the Sea, but notwithstanding all their ambushes, she arriued safe and well there, in the yeare One thousand fiue hundred fortie seauen. And the espousals of the said Queene Mary, and the Prince Daulphine were celebrated in the Church of Pa∣ris, the foure and twentieth day of Aprill, in the yeare of Grace, One thousand fiue hundred and fiftie eight, after Easter. Of this mariage came no issue, and by the death of the said King Francis the second, happening in the Citie of Orleance, the the fift day of December, One thousand fiue hundred and sixtie. Queene Mary Dowager of France, returned the yeare following into her Realme of Scotland, and in some time after, she tooke as her second Husband, Henry Stuart, Duke of Albany, and Lord D'Arnley. And of this marriage issued their onely Sonne (called Iames the sixt) King of Scotland; by the vntimely and much to be moaned death of so great a Princesse, happening in England in the yeare, One thousand fiue hundred eighty eight.

We haue spoken formerly, that the Illustrious house of the Stuarts, tooke Origi∣nall and descent from Banquho, Thane of Loqhuaber. And now say, concerning the appellation of the word Thane: Stuartorum familia (vt rem à capite arcessam) à Ban∣quhone Regio in Loquhabriâ Thano; id est (vt Latine loquitur) Praeside. This is all that is spoken by the Bishop Leslaeus, in the seauenth Booke of his History, Page 257▪ without explicating more vnderstandingly, the source of this strange name, being an auncient Saxon word.* 2.8 For in the old Lawes of the English Saxons (commonly called Anglo-Saxons) mention is made of this word Thaynus and Sub-Thaynus, in ma∣ny places.

* 2.9Among the auncient Anglo-Saxons, their estate of Nobilitie was deuided by cer∣taine degrees of honour and preheminence. In the first place were the Earles, and next, the Barons, who were called Thanes. After them marched the Castilli∣lians, who they vsed to call Sub-Thanes, and the simple Gentlemen of the Field.

If the Fielden or Countrey Gentleman, had so well husbanded his affaires, as in value he were worth fiue Hides in Arpents of Land (Hyda in the Saxon Law and Norman, contained foure Roddes, and each Rod comprehended foure and twentie Acres of ground,* 2.10 as yet they speake in Normandy and Bretaigne) a Parish Church, an Abbey, Priorie or founded Hospitall, a House with a Tower, in manner of a Clock-house, with Battlements, murdring loop-holes, and a draw-Bridge: if he haue also some charge of office in the Kings House: Then he may goe equall and fellow∣like with the Baron called Thane, and may purchase the title also by the Princes

Letters, paying for rights of reliefe but fiue times an hundred shillings, of currant money.

If this Thane of new creation, finde himselfe so aduanced in the Court of his King and Prince, as he becommeth his Table familiar,* 2.11 feedeth freely in Court with good lookes, no distaste, and gaineth imployment by command in some Embassie; And shall haue likewise with him a Thane, who is also possessed of fiue Hydes of Land, intirely of his owne, and some Office in Court, and hath three times deliue∣red Messages to the King▪ on the behalfe of his Maister:* 2.12 He may likewise be a Sub-Thane, and represent the person of his Thane, hauing first sworne to him all fidelity, and shall be his Castellaine.

If this Thane doe so aduantageously follow his fortune,* 2.13 as to compasse the reuen∣nues of an Earle, he shall obtaine the rancke and title of an Earle, and shall Marche equall with the new Earles.

As concerning Merchants and Citizens of walled Cities or Townes,* 2.14 if they haue made three voyages on the Ocean Sea, and won so much by their industrie, as to liue thereon, without medling any more with Traffick: they shall be ennobled, and haue the name and qualitie of Thanes.

If any one be so addicted to Studie,* 2.15 as he meriteth to haue some Order in Holy Church, for the seruice of Iesus Christ: he shall hold rancke with Noblemen, be ex∣empt and discharged of all taxations and Subsidies, all therewhile as he liueth an Ec∣clesiasticall person. The knowledge of these auncient Lawes of the Anglo-Saxons, which made themselues Maisters of Great Bretaigne, doth serue exeeedingly well to vnderstand the auncient Historians of England, and namely Mathew Paris, who ••hrough the whole course of his Historie, layeth stumbling-blockes in the way of strange Readers, for vnderstanding the auncient vocables of the Saxon Na∣tion.

Apud Anglo-Saxones legibus ritibusque suis honores impertiebantur, vt quiuis è Populo Prudentiá, sagacitate, diuitijsque anteibat.

Comes.

Thaynus.

Sub-Thaynus: At que

Colenus.

Si Colenus ita rem auxisset, vt habuerit quinque Hydas propriae Terrae, Aedem sacram, Coquinam, Campanile, & Portam, locum autem, & peculiare munus in aula Regiâ; Tunc erat deinceps habitus par dignitate Thayno.

Si Thaynus ita prouectus erat vt Regi seruierit, & Nuncius eius esset, & equitauerit ••um familia: Si tunc etiam Thaynum sibi famulantem habuerit, qui ad Regiam expedi∣••ionem Quinque Hydas habuerit, eique in Regia aula Domino serui erit, terque eius Nun∣••ius ad Regem venerit, hic deinceps data fidelitate, Domini personam sustinere poterit, si ••pus fuisset.

Quod si Thaynus ille ita prouectus erat, vt Comes euaserit, pari erat deinceps Comite dignitate.

Si Mercator ita rem fecisset, vt ter, vastum Mare sua peritia traiecerit, pari tunc erat dignitate Thayno.

Quod si Literarum studiosus talem in Literis progressum fecisset, vt Ordines habuerit, & Christo militauerit, erat deinde venerandus, & immunis, nisi ita excidisset, vt suo mu∣••ere vti non potuiss••t.

We will leaue these Recherches of Antiquities to the learned, and come now to the Militarie Order of Scotland.

The Militarie Order of Scotland.

THe Historians of that Nation, doe ordinarily call it, The Order of Saint Andrew.* 2.16 Leslaeus in his ninth Booke, Pag. 193. writeth, that Iames, Fift of the name, King of Scotland, in Anno One thousand fiue hundred thirtie foure, receiued the Order of the Golden Fleece, from Charles the fift, Emperour: That of Saint Michael, from 〈4 pages missing〉〈4 pages missing〉

• Galindes of the Hillocke, d'Argent, à vne Merlette de Sable.
• Margoudes, de Gueulles, à trois Iumelles en Bandes d'Or.
• Kerdius, de Gueulles, à la Faulx d'Or, emmanchee de Sable.
• Nabon, d'Argent, à trois Fuzees de Gueulles mises en Fal.
• Chalamor the well wisher, de Synople, à la Merlette d'Argent.
• Alibel the Forsaken, de Synople, seme de Rustres, & de poincts d'Argent. Party de Ermines.
• Dalides, d'Argent, a deux Bars adossez de Sable.
• Haran of the Pine, de Synople, à trois Pommes de Pin d'Or.
• Arganor the Rich, de Sable à vn Hom∣me arme d'Or, à la Halebarde de Synople, le Manche & le Espee de Gueules, au bout d'Or.
• Melios, Burele, Contreburele d'Argent, & de Synople de huict pieces.
• Meliadus the white Knight, de Sable à la Croix pattee d'Or.
• The auncient Knight of the hollow Deepes, de Gueulles à trois Armets, & Sa∣lades de Argent.
• Malaquin the Grosse, de Gueulles à la Bande d'Argent, chargee de trois Lyons de Gueulles.

At the Seauenth Chapter were made Knights.

• ARgahast the bold Britaigne, d'Or au Boeuf de Gueulles, accorne & ongle d'A∣zur.
• Normains the Pilgrime, de Sable seme de Coquilles d Or.
• Haruin the vnweldie, d'Or à quatre Iumelles d'Azur.
• Thoscans the Romaine, d'Or à vne main de Sable, tenant vne Espee de Gueulles en Pal.
• Ferandon the Poore, d'Or à trois Iu∣melles de Synople.
• Randon the light or nimble, Bande, Contrebande d'Or, & d'Azur.
• The Strong alwayes found, d'Argent, au Sanglier passant de Sable.
• The Fortunate Knight of the Isles, de Gueulles à vn Elephant d'Or, ongle d' Azure.
• The lost Blacke Knight, d'Argent au Lyon passant de Sable.
• Dirant of the Rocke, de Gueulles 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Chien passant d'Or.
• The Fayrie for Ladies, de Sable à tr•••••• Billettes d'Argent.
• The Forester, d'Or à vne Touffe de Bois de Synople, au Huchet, & Trimpe d'Argent, y attachee à vne Chai••e d'Or.
• The Huntsman, d'Or a six Ermines de Synople.
• The Man of Ireland, de Gueulles à la Cloche d'Argent.
• The Brown without Ioye, de Gueulles, party de Synople, seme de Larmes d'Or.
• Geffrey the Stoute, de Gueulles à la Tour d'Or, Breteschee, & Masonne de S••∣ble.
• Randon, otherwise called the Pe••cie, de Sable a vne Chappelle d'Argent.
• Foyadus the Gallant, d Or à la Poinct de Gueulles.

At the Eight and last Cap∣ter, were made Knights.

• ROusteline of the high Mountaine, d' Or au Sauuage de Sable, tenant vne Masse de Gueulles.
• Courant of the hard Rocke, de Sable à trois Connils d'Argent.
• Armont of the Greene Serpent, d'Or au Griffon de Synople, membre d'Argent.
• Ferrant of the Hill, de Gueulles au P••••r∣ce au d'Or.
• Corli the Sonne of Ares, d'Azur s••me de Croissants de Or.
• Busterine the Great, d'Or, au Tess•••• de Sable, à la Bordure componee d'Ar∣gent, & de Gueulles de Ving•• & quatre pieces.
• Lydeux the Strong, d'Argent à la Chi∣mere de diuerses Couleurs.
• Soline of the Woodde, d'Argent 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Cerf de Gueulles, Arme de Sable.
• The Knight of the seauen wayes, de Gueulles a vn Pont d'Or, Masonne de Sable, a vne Arche ou decoule vne Riuiere d'Ar∣gent en Poinct.
• Broadas, de Sable a vne Escreuisse d'Or en Pal.
• ...

• The Knight attired in Scarlet, de Gueules au Nauire d'Or, habille d'Ar∣gent.
• The Huntsman beyond the Marches, de Gueules a vne Teste de Boeuf d'Ar∣gent, accornee d'Azur, & Coronnee d' une Coronne Vallaire, en Palissade d'Or.
• Hescalon the Hardie, d'Argent a trois Fe••es de Gueules.
• Marandon of the Riuer, de Sable au Moulin a Vent a pied, d'Or.
• Sacanarbin, de Sable au Sagittaire d'Or, l'Arc et la Flesche d'Azur, a la Corde de Gueules.
• Dezier the Fierce, d'Argent a vne Hydre a Sept Testes de Gueules, Arme et Langue de Synople.
• Abilem of the Desert, de Sable a l'Es∣carboncle percee, Pommetee, et Fleuronnee d'Or de Huict Raiz.
• Foelix the fortunate Searcher, de Syno∣ple au Cerf vollant d'Or, Langue et Ongle de Sable.

The End of the Fift Booke.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Peopled by Brute and his followers.
• * 1.2

  The permissi∣on of Constan∣tine the Great to the Kings of England.
• * 1.3

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the Roman•• in their Con∣quest.
• * 1.4

  The Roman Emperour Se¦uerus dyed in Y••▪
• * 1.5

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.6

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Conquests o•• gr••at ••i••g Arthur.
• * 1.7

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.8

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.9

  Merlins inter-Pretation of the two Dra∣gons fight.
• * 1.10

  Arthur fore∣told to be a supporter of the Church.
• * 1.11

  Angle-land, so called by the Anglo-Saxons.
• * 1.12

  Knights of the Round Table founded by King Arthur.
• * 1.13

  Collected out of an ancient French Manu∣script Chro∣nicle.
• * 1.14

  Concerning the Incubi and Succubi accor∣ding to A••∣thoug•• of Iudgeme••t.
• * 1.15

  The Women of the olde Gothes, and Maides of Turkie.
• * 1.16

  Merlin a man made very fa∣mous.
• * 1.17

  In the Chro∣nicle of the Duke of Bour∣bon Lewes the Second.
• * 1.18

  English Histo∣rians speaking of Merlin.
• * 1.19

  Merlin his fal∣ling i•• to loue with the Lady of the Lake.
• * 1.20

  Arthur held his Royall Throne at Pa∣ris for the space of nine yeares.
• * 1.21

  Or Mordred.
• * 1.22

  The Knightly furniture of King Arthur.
• * 1.23

  Concerning the Kni••hts of the Rounde Table.
• * 1.24

  His words of the death of Arthur, & his Queene Guenora.
• * 1.25

  How Arthur & his Knights were seated at the Table.
• * 1.26

  The Tables of the Gaules.
• * 1.27

  The Armes of King Arthur.
• * 1.28

  The olde Coffin of King Arthur found.
• * 1.29

  The Kingdom of Canterbury won by the Saxons.
• * 1.30

  Great Bre∣taigne deuided into seauen iurisdictions.
• * 1.31

  The principall Kingdome of the Saxons.
• * 1.32

  Armes giuen by Charle∣maigne to King Ardulphe
• * 1.33

  The Saxons, possession of Great Bre∣taigne.
• * 1.34

  When the Danes were in England.
• * 1.35

  The promise of Harold to Duke Willam of Normandie.
• * 1.36

  Honors alter manners.
• * 1.37

  The rights of Duke William to the Crowne of England.
• * 1.38

  The landing of Duke Wil∣lia•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Eng∣land, and his 〈…〉〈…〉 with Haro••••.
• * 1.39

  The Issue of King William the Conque∣rour.
• * 1.40

  The Genealo∣gie 〈…〉〈…〉 by Mathew Paris.
• * 1.41

  The death of William the Conquerour.
• * 1.42

  William Ru∣f••s his con••∣•• to the Crowne.
• * 1.43

  The death of K••ng William 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.44

  Henry Beau∣clar•• first King of the name.
• * 1.45

  The drow∣ning of King Henries chil∣dren.
• * 1.46

  Mahauld the Empresse ma∣ried Godfrey Planta••enes, and their issue.
• * 1.47

  The death of King Henry the first in France.
• * 1.48

  Stephen crow∣ned King of England.
• * 1.49

  King Stephen ouercome by Maude the Empresse.
• * 1.50

  The death of Geoffrey Plan∣tagene•• Count of Anion.
• * 1.51

  Peter Abay∣lard Founder of the Abbey called Paracle∣tum.
• * 1.52

  Saint Bernard Founder of Cleruaux.
• * 1.53

  The G••••l••∣mines founded by this repen∣tant William.
• * 1.54

  Queene Aelia∣nor grew ••na∣mo••••ed of Sa∣ladine.
• * 1.55

  Saladine b••n¦t••full in his 〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.56

  She married againe with Henry the Sonne to Geoffery of Aniou.
• * 1.57

  The death of Eustace, s••nne to King Ste∣phen.
• * 1.58

  Henry of An∣iou ••irnamed Short-Mantle, crowned King of England.
• * 1.59

  The Con∣quest o•• Ire∣land intended by the King.
• * 1.60

  A Marriage for the young Prince of En∣gland Henry.
• * 1.61

  King Lewes of France Sir∣named the Ly∣on.
• * 1.62

  Mahauld, or Ma••an other Daughter m••rri••d to the Duke of Sax∣ony.
• * 1.63

  Raymond, Co••n•• of To∣los•• 〈…〉〈…〉 ••itted C••r••stian bu∣riall.
• * 1.64

  The birth of King Iohn Sir∣named With∣out Land.
• * 1.65

  King Henry cau••••d his Son to be 〈…〉〈…〉 King 〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.66

  The de••th of Bec••et Arch∣bi••ho•• of Can∣terbury.
• * 1.67

  King Henry a••solued by the Pope, and tyed to st••ict conditions both Father and Sonne.
• * 1.68

  The yong King com••ing into England with his n••wly es∣poused Q••n.
• * 1.69

  The young King 〈…〉〈…〉 against hi•• Fa••h••.
• * 1.70

  Queen•• ••lia∣nor ••e••th the Sonn••▪ a∣gainst their Father.
• * 1.71

  The de••th of King Henry the younger in France.
• * 1.72

  His Queene bur••ed in the City of Acres.
• * 1.73

  The death of Geoffry Count of Bretaigne.
• * 1.74

  The death of King Henry the second at Chiron in France.
• * 1.75

  The dead Kings body bled at the pre¦sence of his Son Richard.
• * 1.76

  The Sacring & Crowning of King Rich∣ard the first.
• * 1.77

  The manner of the Royall pompe in per∣formance.
• * 1.78

  The Kings bo∣dy annointed in••o••er seue∣rall places.
• * 1.79

  King Richard Sirnamed Coe∣ur de Lyon for his valiancie, and his voyage to the Holy-Land.
• * 1.80

  The briefe Hi∣story of his re∣turning home and many mi∣series by the Duke of Au∣stria.
• * 1.81

  The first oc∣casion of the quarrell.
• * 1.82

  King Richard returne tho∣row Germanie
• * 1.83

  Three costly Iewelles bought by King Richard.
• * 1.84

  The honoura∣ble minde of the Lord.
• * 1.85

  Great wait & s••a••ch laid for King Richard.
• * 1.86

  The honest dealing of Ro∣ger the Normā with King Ri∣chard.
• * 1.87

  Leopold Duke of Austria narrowly watch••ng for King Richard.
• * 1.88

  King Richard taken by the Duke of Au∣stria, and his hard vsage to him.
• * 1.89

  The History related ano∣ther way.
• * 1.90

  The Duke of Austria sold King Richard to the Emperor
• * 1.91

  A pretty Hi∣story concer∣ning the fin∣ding of King Richard by a Minstrell.
• * 1.92

  Blondel sing∣eth a French Song, made by his Lord and himselfe.
• * 1.93

  The Pope of∣fended at the hand vsage of Pilgrim••, and detaining of King Richard.
• * 1.94

  Imputations laid ••pon King Richard by the Emperour at the Die••.
• * 1.95

  King Richard compounded with the Em∣peror for his ransome.
• * 1.96

  Prince Iohn his proceedings against his Brother.
• * 1.97

  ••••ng Richard 〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.98

  The Duke of Austria excom¦municated by Pope Celestine and his Lands interdicted.
• * 1.99

  Heauen reuen∣ged the wr••gs of King Ri∣chard.
• * 1.100

  The death of the Duke of Austria.
• * 1.101

  King Richard his Warre a∣gainst the Poictouirs, and vnfortunate death.
• * 1.102

  The reasons of King Ri∣chards war al∣leadged by Ro∣goraus the Monke of Saint Denis.
• * 1.103

  King Iohn suc∣ceeded after his Brother Richard, and was crown••d at Rouen first.
• * 1.104

  His Coronati∣on at West∣m••nster.
• * 1.105

  Her name was not Hau••¦sa but Isabell, and shee was third ••augh∣ter, and one of the He••res of William ••aile of Glocester, Sonne of Ro∣bert Earle of Glocester, natu¦rall Sonne of King Henry the ••••rst.
• * 1.106

  The opinion of the Monke ••i••ordus in this ••ase.
• * 1.107

  An enteruiew betweene the Kings of En∣gland and France.
• * 1.108

  King Iohn murdered Prince Arthur with his owne hands.
• * 1.109

  An Armie pre∣pared for Nor∣mandie.
• * 1.110

  King Iohn much dista∣sted by his ••ubiects.
• * 1.111

  His coloura∣ble dealing with the Pope.
• * 1.112

  Heauie op∣pression of the People.
• * 1.113

  A description of Robert of London.
• * 1.114

  The Ammi∣rants priuate conferr••ng with Robert of London.
• * 1.115

  Robert his an∣swree to the Ammirant, concerning King Iohn.
• * 1.116

  The Ammi∣rant further demaundes.
• * 1.117

  Robert made keeper of the Abb••y o•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Albanes.
• * 1.118

  London Recei∣ued in the Barons.
• * 1.119

  his recourse to the Pope.
• * 1.120

  The Daul∣phine of France elected by the Barons to be King.
• * 1.121

  The Ambas∣sadors sent into France.
• * 1.122

  Foure and twenty Ho∣stages.
• * 1.123

  The Daul∣phines parting from his Fa∣ther.
• * 1.124

  What Lords of France were with King Lewes.
• * 1.125

  His comming to London.
• * 1.126

  King Iohns Dutch Soldi∣ours sent out of the land.
• * 1.127

  The death of King Iohn in the Castell of Newarke.
• * 1.128

  The comming of King Henry the Third to the Crowne, and his mar∣riage.
• * 1.129

  The two mar∣riages of Ed∣ward the first, and Issue.
• * 1.130

  The birth of Edward the fourth
• * 1.131

  He quartered the Armes of France with England.
• * 1.132

  A ridiculous answere retur∣ned by the Frenche.
• * 1.133

  The Royall Iubilie of King Edward the I••lud.
• * 1.134

  The comming of King Ri∣chard the ••e∣cond to the Crowne.
• * 1.135

  Fashion of Royall Orna∣ments 〈◊〉〈◊〉 into England.
• * 1.136

  Knights made by King Hen∣ry the Third.
• * 1.137

  〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.138

  It is held that there were no Knights of the Bath, before this Kings time
• * 1.139

  An ancient custome ob∣serued in En∣gland, of Knighting be∣fore crowning
• * 1.140

  Knights of the Bath called Knights of the Crownes, and the reason why.
• * 1.141

  Their Habite before Knight∣ing, and Cere∣monies obser∣ued.
• * 1.142

  The Oath gi∣uen to the young Ba∣chellors.
• * 1.143

  The Knights in their rich Ha∣bites and fur∣nishment.
• * 1.144

  According to ancient cu∣stome.
• * 1.145

  Concerning the Orders first Instituti∣on, and vpon what occasion
• * 1.146

  The French words em∣broydered on the Garter.
• * 1.147

  The number of Knights to bee of the Order, & manner of their Habits.
• * 1.148

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Great Collar of the Order.
• * 1.149

  Vnion of the two Orders of England and Scotland.
• * 1.150

  Iohn Froissard in the first Tombe of his Chronicle.
• * 1.151

  The Officers of Armes doe giue their at∣tendance ac∣cording to their antiquity in creation.
• * 1.152

  L'Ordre d'Ls∣••••sse, d•••• de Saint An••••e: Ou du Cha••••on & de la Rue.
• * 1.153

  Edenborough the chiefe Ci∣tie of Scotland
• * 1.154

  Fergus the first King of Scot∣land.
• * 1.155

  King Hiber that came from Egypt, & brought the Mable Stone.
• * 1.156

  The Marble chaire brought into England.
• * 1.157

  The Armes of King Fergus.
• * 1.158

  Donald•• first Christian King of Scotland.
• * 1.159

  The Articles of the League concluded on▪
• * 1.160

  The ioy for this confede∣rated alliance.
• * 1.161

  Two leaned Doctours ad∣uanced by King Charle∣maigne, Io∣h••nnes Sco••us C••audius Cle∣mens.
• * 1.162

  The Armes of Scotland En∣larged.
• * 1.163

  Such as sought the friendship of King Char∣lemaigne.
• * 1.164

  The continu∣ance of this lincked amity, and the suc∣cours giuen by the Scots to France.
• * 1.165

  Robert Stuart Lord Gouer∣nour of Scot∣land.
• * 1.166

  Iohn Stuart Constable of Scotland.
• * 1.167

  The French a∣gainst the Scots.
• * 1.168

  The death of King Iames the Fift.
• * 1.169

  King Edward disappointed of his Marri∣age.
• * 1.170

  Motion made for altering the Alliance.
• * 1.171

  Alliance con∣tinued from time to time.
• * 1.172

  The Issue by this Marriage.
• * 1.173

  Iohn Stuart, Constable of France..
• * 1.174

  Priuiledges granted to Scottish Mer∣chant.
• * 1.175

  King Athel∣stane against Hungus King of the Picts.
• * 1.176

  A Vision of the Crosse of Saint Andrew.
• * 1.177

  Athelstanes or Ailstane Ford
• * 1.178

  Saint Marga∣ret Wife to King Malcolme
• * 1.179

  Donald, Bro∣ther to King Malcolme.
• * 1.180

  Originall of the Royall Fa∣mily of Stuart
• * 1.181

  Edgar con∣ducted into Scotland by an English Army, and the First King there an∣nointed.
• * 1.182

  English Earl∣domes com∣ming to the Crowne of Scotland.
• * 1.183

  Malcolme, Sir∣named The Virgin-Man,
• * 1.184

  An other testi∣mony of true and cordiall affection.
• * 1.185

  The variance happening be∣tweene Iohn Baliell and Robert Bruce.
• * 1.186

  An Order a∣greed on in the Court of Parliament.
• * 1.187

  Peace treated on betweene the English and Scots▪
• * 1.188

  The English 〈…〉〈…〉 of Sc••d.
• * 2.1

  The Armes car••ed by Fleance and his Father.
• * 2.2

  There can no truth be ex••e∣cted from the father of lies.
• * 2.3

  The rest of his complices.
• * 2.4

  Prouidence to auoide confu∣sion and good successe ensu∣ing on it.
• * 2.5

  Such as arise against their lawfull King can neuer-pro••per.
• * 2.6

  King Henry the seauenth his Daughter Margaret ma∣ried to King Iames the fourth of Scot∣land▪
• * 2.7

  Doubt and question a∣bout the Kings body.
• * 2.8

  Of the words Thaynus and Sub-Thaynus.
• * 2.9

  Degrees of Nobilitie a∣mong the An∣glo-Saxons.
• * 2.10

  Of equall••ng the condition of a Thane.
• * 2.11

  Bouche a Cout Barberaze P••ed fe••re.
• * 2.12

  Of a Sub-Thane▪
• * 2.13

  Of a Thanes becomming an Earle.
• * 2.14

  Concerning Cittizens and Merchants becomming Thanes.
• * 2.15

  Benefit of Stu∣dents and Schollers.
• * 2.16

  Orders of Knights sent to King Iames the fift.