Speculum ægrotorum. The sicke-mens glasse or, A plaine introduction wherby one may giue a true, and infallible iudgement, of the life or death of a sicke bodie, the originall cause of the griefe, how he is tormented and afflicted, what thinges are medicinable to the diseased person: and the day and houre in which he shall recouer, or surrender his vitall breath. Whereunto is annexed a treatise of the foure humors, and how they are ingendered and distributed in our humane bodies: with certaine and manifest signes to discerne of what complexion any man is: and the operation that eating, drinking rest and exercise, worketh in euery person: with certaine speciall preseruatiues for the eye-sight. Composed by Iohn Fage, student in phisicke, and practitioner in astrologie.
Fage, John, student in phisicke.

The opperation that eating, drinking, rest and exercise worketh in euery Complexion.

MVch eating & drinking in cholerick persons (if not excéeding∣ly out of measure) doth no harme, but rather conserueth ye good estate of the bodie, for of much fasting & abstinēce commeth great de∣triment to those persons, for it debilateth nature, cōsumeth ye body, engendreth chollericke matter, and sendeth vp sower and vnsauory vapours into the mouth, and bréedeth adustion of humors (especial∣ly little eating of meates apt and easie to digest) for if a Chollericke man will preserue his body in health, let him eat a meane quantitie of meats hard to defie, and a good deale of meates that are soone di∣gested. Also moderate drinking of small drinke doth much profite, for it cooleth violent heat which inflameth & burneth, & engendereth natural moisture which will humect the ayred and dryed parts by the rage of choller.

But much drinking of strong drinke, and hot wines are vtter∣ly to be eschewed, for they inflame the liuer, and ingender burning Page  [unnumbered] Feauers, Hecticks, Exulcerations, and chollericke Pusels, and the hot dropsie called Ashcites, &c.

Much exercise and labour also doth hurt the Chollericke person, for it bréedeth Inflamations, adustion of humors, ye Iaūders, ouer∣flowing of the Galle, Consumptions, Hecticke Feauers, Tympa∣nies, Costiuenesse, and Tercian agues.

THe Collericke melancholicke man may well obserue a meane measure in eating and drinking, eschewing meates hard to di∣gest, for such engender tough fleame in their bodies.

Let him drink good drink measurably, but let him auoid excesse of small drinke because it engendreth congealed fleame and opillateth the pipes &c. And of strong drink, for it bréedeth salt fleame, Itches, and Exulcerations.

Moderate exercise is very conuenient to such persons.

BVt in Melancholicke cholerike persons, much eating, drinking, and rest, are thrée champions striuing against nature, and en∣gendereth tough and congealed fleame, darkeneth the skinne and increaseth Morphew, oppillateth the pipes, corruppeth the Lungs, and bréedeth the Tysicke, and Bléedings, Ventosity, Chollicke and torments of the wombe &c.

(And if they will conserue their bodies in health) Let them eate and drinke sparingly, and vse strong drinke and hot wines in small quantitie: but let them auoid excesse (chiefly of small drinke) for that cooleth the Liuer, quencheth naturall heat, hindreth digestion, bréedeth the Dropsie, & repleateth the body with flegmaticke mat∣ter, obnebulateth the memorie, and repleateth the head and pipes with superfluitie: and after euery litle cold taken in the feete, brée∣deth rumes and ache of the wombe. Also the immoderate vse of strong drinke, bréedeth salt fleame corrupted with choller, causing Itches, and Prurigines.

THe Mclancholicke person must vtterly auoid excesse in eating and drinking (especially of meates hard to digest, and small drinkes) and vse abstinence, and a very slender diet, with meats apt to concct, and hot drinkes that helpeth digestion.

Much ingurgitations of meates and drinkes engendereth Page  [unnumbered] trudity, and rawesse of the stomacke, with corrupt and tough congealed fleame, causing the breath to stin••e, head-ache, tooth-ach, obliuiousnesse, shortnesse of winde, Physicke, consumption of the Lungs, quarten Feauers, Flures, the Illiacke & Choliack passion, and the Dropsie, called Yposarca and such like.

Moderate exercise is very salubrious to such persons, for it hel∣peth digestion and expelleth phantasies and imaginations, and re∣fresheth the spirituall members.

SAnguine melancholicke men are of a stronger constitution then Melancholicke, and may eate mesurably of meate light of di∣gestion, and drinke indifferently of strong drinke: but excesse (chief∣ly of meates indigestiue and small drinke) doth fill the bodie with fleame and ventositie, and engendreth thicke and blacke blood.

Moderate exercise consolidateth their bodies, putifieth their blood and clarifieth their skin: and the like is to bee vnderstood in Melancholicke Sanguine persons.

SAnguine men néed not be very scripulous in their diet, so that they excéede not two much out of measure: for in them the di∣gestiue vertue is most robust and stronge, perfectly concocting the meate and drinke: such persons may eate measurably of meats hard to defie, & a good quantity of me ts which are soone digested.

Also they may drinke a good quantity of smale drinke, but er∣cesse engendereth clammie and swéet fleame, which oppilateth the poores and conduits of the body, and ingendeteth Feauers, the cho∣licke and stone, and forments of the backe.

The inordinate vsage of strong drinkes and hot wines doth in∣flame the blood, & bréedeth hot rumes, Saint Anthonies fire, squim∣sies, Plurisies, Kings euill, Apostuinations in the Liuer, and red Pimples in the face.

Likewise violent exercise is to be eschewed, for it enflameth the Liuer, chafeth the blood, and engendreth the Yellow Ianders, ouer∣flowings of the Galle, and Ephemer feauers.

IN Sanguine fleginaticke men, digestion is meanely strong, and they may eate and drinke well of meats and drinks of good tem∣perature and apt to digestion: But much ingurgitation of meats Page  [unnumbered] and drinkes ingendereth thinne and watery blood, the small Poxe, Exulcerations, cholicke &c.

Let them drinke measurably of drinkes meanely strong, but excesse of small drinke, maketh the colour the whiter, and their bo∣dies the grosser, and filleth the breast with superfluitie, and egen∣deceth dropsies, Goutes, Ache of the ioynts, Apoplexies, Lytharge, and dulnes of memorie.

The excesse vsage of stronge drinke, doth worke the like effect as in Sanguine men but not altogether so violently: moderate exer∣cise is very profitable.

THe man in whose body fleame hath the superioritie, and blood hath some dominion ouer the rest of the Humours, let him kéep a slender diet, and beware of the repleation: for much eating and drinking in such persons maketh the skin tawnie, with raw∣nesse in the stomacke, and repleateth the body with citrine and yel∣low choller, and sower fleame, and engendereth the Measels, dul∣leth the wit, & abateth courage: let such vse hote wines and strong drinkes in small quantity, for excesse drinking is to be eschewed; for it maketh the skin greenish or tawnie, and engendreth dropsies, Goutes, Pockes, and fleame, greene choler, & vnsauonry fumes in the mouth. Let them vse exercise, for it clenseth their bodies of su∣perfluities.

FLegmaticke men of all other ought to vse a very small and slen∣der dyet, for the vsage of abstinence and fasting helpeth the dige∣stiue vertue, and clenseth the body of grosse and vnconcocted Hu∣mours:

But contrarily, much eating and drinking quencheth naturall heate, hindereth digestion, and repleateth the body wi•• groue hu∣mors and superfluitie, bredeth stitches and ventositie &c.

If they will conserue their bodies in health, let them eate and drinke very little, and vse meates that will soone be digested, and strong drinke and hot wines.

But let them avoide excesse of drinking for that engendreth Quotidians, the Dropsie called Lencoflemna, Falling sicknesse, Goutes, Greene sicknesse, Rumes, Catarres and such diseases as are bred of indigestion. Much exercise also is very salubrious to Page  [unnumbered] the bodyes of such persons, for it extenuateth grosse Humors and expeleth them by swet and other euacuations, quickneth the me∣morie, stirreth vp courage, and clarifieth the skin.

FLegmaticke cholericke men are of a stronger nature then Flegmaticke persons, (for in them the vertue of digestion is quicker) and may obserue a meane order of dyet, but excesse filleth their bodies with yellow choller, & such diseases as procéed thereof.

Also much excesse of drinking engendreth corrupt matter, Mor∣bus gallicus, Fistula, &c.

Moderate exercise is commodious to this complexion.

CHollericke Flegmaticke persons are of stronge constitution, & may eat and drink a good quantitie, slender dyet & abstinence doth worke the like operation in them as in chollerick, but not so outragiously.

Much excesse of strong drinke inflameth the blood, and ingende∣reth yellow Iaunders, and Plurisyes.

Let them vse one excercise moderatly: but beware of violent la∣bour.

Héere is to be noted (gentile Reader) that exact iudgement can∣not be giuen vpon a mans complexion by any one of the aforesaide tokens, for as much as they are all variable and changeable: yet of rest, the colour is most certaine in our Ocean climats, and in health∣full persons, but forreine Climes and sicknes altereth the colour: also the Stature, Trine, Pulse, and Order of a person, changeth after the order of dyet and health of the partie: also the conditions altereth sometimes when grace worketh aboue nature, or when some fortunate Planet is Lord of the natiuity And as for dreams, they 〈◊〉 ••gether variable, one while procéeding of some inordi∣nate musing and thinking of a thing, whereby the vertue cogitiue is troubled, and imprinteth the same in the braine, sometimes of the humor bred and engendred in the stomacke, euapouring into the head: & otherwhiles the illusion of euill spirits, or by the Re∣uelation of good Angels. And to conclude, a mans complexion alte∣reth according to age and diet of the person, as naturall heat aug∣••enteth or defecteth.