The peerage of Scotland: containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, ... collected from the public records, and ancient chartularies of this nation, ... Illustrated with copper-plates. By Robert Douglas, Esq;.

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Title
The peerage of Scotland: containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, ... collected from the public records, and ancient chartularies of this nation, ... Illustrated with copper-plates. By Robert Douglas, Esq;.
Author
Douglas, Robert, Sir, 1694-1770.
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Edinburgh :: printed by R. Fleming, and sold by him, and the other booksellers in Edinburgh; and at London by A. Miller, R. Baldwin, D. Wilson, and T. Durham,
1764.
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"The peerage of Scotland: containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, ... collected from the public records, and ancient chartularies of this nation, ... Illustrated with copper-plates. By Robert Douglas, Esq;." In the digital collection Eighteenth Century Collections Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/004896980.0001.000. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 8, 2025.

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BRUCE Lord of ANNANDALE and Earl of CARRICK.

HAD the name of BRUCE been distin∣guished by no other person but the great and immortal king Robert, he alone is sufficient, not only to ennoble a name but a nation: but, to his glory and renown, we have that of other kings, and other heroes to be added, to raise this family to the highest pitch of grandeur amongst the illustrious hou∣ses of the Scotch nobility.

We shall therefore deduce their descent from the Norman conquest of England, which, we presume, was their first settlement in this island.

Amongst the great number of noble and valiant Normans, that came over to England with William the Conqueror, anno 1066, none made a greater figure than Robert de Bruce, the undoubted ancestor of this family.

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I. ROBERT BRUIS,* 1.1 (or Bruce,) whom sir William Dugdale calls a noble knight of Normandy, seems to have had no small share in the conquest of England.

And as William divided the conquered lands amongst those of his followers, who had most remarkably distinguished themselves for conduct and bravery, so none appears to have got so large a share as this Robert de Bruis; for both Scotch and English historians agree, that he got possession of the castle and ma∣nor of Skelton,* 1.2 (which became the chief title of his family) with above ninety lordships in the east, west, and north Ridings of Yorkshire, whereof Gysburn in Cleveland, (which we shall have occasion often to mention hereaf∣ter,) was one.

This Robert died about the year 1100, (some say anno 1094,) and left issue a son and successor.

II. ROBET de BRUIS, second lord of Skel∣ton, a man of great worth and honour, who, having contracted a friendship with king David I. while he resided in England, and his lady being then dead, by whom he had a son and heir, he came to Scotland with Da∣vid, who was a generous prince, and always conferred his favours upon persons of merit.

We shall observe, that during the reign of king Alexander I. his brother David was de∣signed comes, and prince of Cumberland, and was superior of the whole lordship of An∣nandale. He was also earl of Northumber∣land, Huntington,* 1.3 and Northampton, in right of his wife Mathilda, which is fully docu∣mented from the register of the episcopal see of Glasgow.

That Robert de Bruis came to Scotland with David, and was accounted one of his nobles or vassals, is clear from the said regi∣ster of Glasgow, where comes David gives centum solidorum in Hardingestra (in North∣ampton-shire) for repairing the church of Glasgow. The original writ bears,

"with consent of Mathilda his wife, et procerum et militum meorum Roberti de Brus,* 1.4 &c. inter ann. 1120, and 1124."

This alone is sufficient proof of Robert's being in Scotland with David. It is no less certain,* 1.5 that he got possession of the lordship of Annandale, of which there are many do∣cuments: and it is affirmed by some histori∣ans, that king David procured him in mari∣riage Agnes Annand, heiress to the rich lord∣ship of Annandale, which contained all the lands from the bounds of Dunegal and Strath∣nith, to the lands of Ranulph de Meschines, then earl of Chester, and lord of Cumber∣land, which king David confirmed to him, whereby he came to have large possessions both in Scotland and in England.

And being a man of great parts, and equal∣ly qualified for the cabinet and the field, was long in high favour both with king David I. of Scotland, and king Henry I. of Eng∣land.

In the year 1137, Robert, being at the court of England, king Stephen joined him in commission with Bernard de Baliol, to en∣deavour to dissuade or divert king David of Scotland from his intended invasion of Eng∣land, for which Robert used all his interest; but David, either neglecting or despising the advice,* 1.6 pursued his former resolutions, and en∣tered England with a considerable army. Up∣on which Robert withdrew his allegiance from David for his lands he held of him in Scotland, and was on the English side at the battle of Standard anno 1138,* 1.7 where he took prisoner his own son Robert, whom he had left in Scotland,* 1.8 and was then about 14 years of age. When his father presented him to the king of England, he desired him to deliver him to his nurse to be taken care of,* 1.9 &c.

Sir William Dugdale says, he was more sit to be eating wheat bread with his mother, than by force of arms to be defending his patrimony of Annandale, &c.

However, the year thereafter a peace was concluded upon very honourable terms for Scotland, Northumberland having been de∣livered up to prince Henry, and Robert con∣tinued in friendship and favour with king David ever after.

He was very liberal in his donations to the religious,* 1.10 having in 29th of Henry I. anno 1129, pro salute animae suae, &c. ounded the monastery of canons regular at Gysburn, in honour of the blessed virgin, which he en∣dowed with twenty carucates of land, a ca∣rucate being then sixty acres.

He gave also to the same monastery the pa∣tronage of all the churches within the lord∣ship of Annandale, viz. the churches of An∣nand, Lochmaben,* 1.11 Kirkpatrick, Cumbertrees, Renpatrick, Drivesdale, Hoddam, Castlemilk, &c. cum omnibus pertinentiis singularum eccle∣siarum, &c.

He gave likeways to the monks of Whit∣by in York-shire, the church of Middleburgh, with two carncates and two bovates of land in Newham,* 1.12 upon condition that they should place certain monks of their convent there, which they accordingly did, &c.

He married first Agnes, daughter of Fulco Poynell,* 1.13 with whom he got the manor of Carleton in England, with the pertinents, &c. By her he had issue a son,

Adam de Bruce.

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He married, 2dly, Agnes Annand, by whom he got the lordship of Annandale in Scotland, as before noticed; and by her had issue two sons,

1. William de Bruce, who carried on the line of this family, of whom afterwards.

2. Robert de Bruce, who was taken pri∣soner by his father at the battle of Standard, as before observed; but we can give no ac∣count of his posterity.

This Robert,* 1.14 second lord of Skelton in England, and first lord of Annandale in Scot∣land, according to sir William Dugdale, died anno 1141;* 1.15 but according to sir James Dal∣rymple anno 1143, and was buried at the monastery of Gysburn.

And as the Bruces lords of Skelton in Eng∣land are descended of Adam, eldest son of the above Robert, we shall briefly deduce the ge∣nealogy of that family, from Monasticon An∣glicanum, till their male line failed.

III. ADAM de BRUCE, third lord of Skelton, first son of Robert, succeeded his father in the lordship of Skelton, and in the greatest part of his estate in England. He and Ivetta his spouse, dedicated the church of Thorp to the cathedral of York.

He enjoyed his great estate honourably and peaceably all his life, and died 20th March 1167, was buried with his father at Gysburn, and succeeded by his son, another

IV. ADAM de BRUCE, fourth lord of Skelton, who also possessed his inheritance in quiet, and dying in July 1185, was interred with his fathers at Gysburn, and left issue a son and successor,

V. PETER de BRUCE, fifth lord of Skelton, who lived in honour and tranquilli∣lity all his life, and died 27th January 1211, was buried at Gysburn with his fathers, and succeeded by his son, another

VI. PETER de BRUCE, sixth lord of Skelton, who dying at Marseilles, in his re∣turn from the holy land, 13th September 1267, his body was brought home, and in∣terred at Gysburn.

He left issue a son and heir,

Peter de Bruce,— and four daughters.

1. Agnes.

2. Lucia.

3. Margaret.

4. Laderina.

VII. PETER de BRUCE, third of that name, and seventh lord of Skelton, succeed∣ed his father, and married Helena de Mildain, by whom he had no issue, whereby (after his death) his great estate was divided amongst his four sisters,* 1.16 who were all married, and of whom several of the most considerable fami∣lies in England are descended.

The male line of Adam de Bruce, eldest son of Robert, second lord of Skelton, and first of Annandale, thus ending about the year 1300, the representation of that illustrious family fell to Robert earl of Carrick, after∣wards king Robert Bruce, who was the un∣doubted heir male, being lineally descended of the second son of the said second Robert, to whom we now return.

III. WILLIAM de BRUCE, second son of Robert second lord of Skelton, succeeded to the lordship of Annandale in Scotland, in right of his mother, anno 1143, and to the lands of Harle, Hartness, and Cleveland in England, by his father's gift, to be held of him, and his successors, lords of Skel∣ton, &c.

He obtained also from king Henry II. of England,* 1.17 the privilege of a weekly market, every wednesday, at the manor of Harts∣pole.

And to show that he looked upon his chief settlement to be in Scotland, he quitted his father's armorial bearing, and assumed the coat of Annandale,* 1.18 viz, Or, a chief and sal∣tier, gules, &c.

He grants a charter Adamo de Carleolo (one of his vassals) of some lands in Annandale, wherein he is designed Willielmus de Bruce,* 1.19 dominus vallis Annandiae, &c. The charter is without date; but, by the witnesses, must have been granted inter 1170, and 1180.

He confirmed the donations,* 1.20 which had been formerly given by his father to the monks of Gysburn,* 1.21 of all the churches with∣in the territory of Annandale, &c.

And dying before 1183, was succeeded by his son,

IV. ROBERT de BRUCE, third lord of An∣nandale, a man of great valour and magna∣nimity, and at the same time both pious and religious.

He ratified and confirmed to the abbacy of Gysburn all the grants of his predecessors in these words: Sciatis me confirmasse Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de Gysburn donationes il∣las quas fecit Robertus de Brus, avus meus, et quas idem confirmavit Willielmus de Brus pater meus,* 1.22 de ecclesia de Annand, de ecclesia de Lochmaben, &c. &c. &c..

This is also confirmed by king William the Lyon, testibus Johanne de Huntington oficiali Glasguensi, Henrico silio comitis David, Adam

Page 129

de Carlelo, Adam filio Herberti; and many others.

He entered into an agreement with Joce∣line bishop of Glasgow, with consent of the abbot and convent of Gysburn, whereby the churches in Annandale were made over to the see of Glasgow, to which his son gave his consent,* 1.23 according to these words in the in∣denture:

"Teste et concedente Roberto de Bruise filio Roberti de Bruise, &c. circa annum 1190."

He married Isabel, daughter of king Wil∣liam the Lyon,* 1.24 begot upon a daughter of Ro∣bert de Avenel, lord of Liddisdale, a man of great rank, by whom he had a son,

Robert de Bruise.

After his death, his widow married to Ro∣bert de Ross,* 1.25 lord of Werk and Hamluke in England, of whom are descended the Rosses of Hamluke, Werk, &c.

Robert,* 1.26 third lord of Annandale, died an∣no 1191, and was succeeded by his only son,

V. ROBERT de BRUCE, fourth lord of Annandale, who, on account of his great va∣lour and merit, was sirnamed the Noble.

He married lady Isabel, second daughter of prince David, earl of Huntington and Ches∣ter, son of Henry prince of Scotland,* 1.27 eldest son of king David I. brother of king Malcolm IV. and king William the Lyon, by which royal marriage the Bruces of Annandale came to be among the greatest subjects in Europe; for by this lady (who was one of the three sisters and co-heiresses of John, sirnamed Scot, earl of Huntington, and last count pa∣latine of Chester, whose only daughter Maud, had been married to prince David) besides their paternal estates in both kingdoms, Ro∣bert came to be possessed of the manors of Uritile and Hatfield, in exchange for those lands that descended to his lady, by the death of the earls palatine her brothers, three whereof,* 1.28 Henry, David, and John, died without issue, she also brought him the lordship of Garioch in Scotland, and the ma∣nors of Connington and Exton in England.

He died in an advanced age, anno 1245, and was interred with his ancestors in the ab∣bay of Gysburn, under a stately monument, leaving issue by the said lady Isabel a son and successor,

VI. ROBERT de BRUCE, fifth Lord of Annandale, who, together with John Cum∣min,* 1.29 were sent to England with auxiliaries, to the assistance of king Henry III. against the barons, and were both taken prisoners with king Henry and prince Edward, anno 1264.

After the death of queen Margaret, daugh∣ter of the king of Norway, grandchild and undoubted heiress of king Alexander III. this Robert claimed the crown in right of his mother.

It was alledged, among many other argu∣ments in his behalf, that it was customary in Scotland for the brother of the last king to be preferred before his son; and produced for an example, that Donald,* 1.30 brother of Ken∣neth Macalpine, attained the crown prefe∣rable to Constantine, his brother Kenneth's son.

That king Alexander II. (failing heirs of his own body) looked upon Robert Bruce as his heir, even to the knowledge of Dornagild, his mother's elder sister, who was then alive, and assented to it, at least did not contradict it, having no male issue of her own.

And that it was a constant maxim in Scot∣land,* 1.31 for the son of the second daughter to be preferred to the heir female of the eldest daughter.* 1.32

And further, that king Alexander III. ac∣knowledged this Robert to be next heir to the crown, failing heirs of his own body; all which he offered to prove by living witnesses.

But as that subject has been largely hand∣led by several able historians, 'tis needless to insist further on it here, since it is well known how king Edward of England de∣termined the controversy.

Robert, the competitor, married Isabel de Clare, daughter of Gilbert de Clare, earl of Glocester and Hartfield, by whom he had three sons and one daughter.

1. Robert de Bruce.

2. Sir Bernard Bruce, who got from his father the lands of Connington in Hunting∣ton-shire,* 1.33 and Exton in Rutland-shire, whose male line failed in the end of the reign of king Edward III.

3. John, ancestor of the Bruces of Clack∣mannan. Vide Title Elgin and Kincardin.

His daughter Christian, married to Patrick Dunbar earl of March, one of the competi∣tors for the crown.

As Robert Bruce thought that John Bali∣ol, in the competition for the crown, was unjustly preferred to him, so he could never be prevailed upon,* 1.34 either to give up his title, or to acknowledge king Edward to be superi∣or, or John Baliol to be king of Scotland, but in great discontent retired to England, where he did not remain long, but returned to his castle of Lochmaben, where he died, and was buried with his ancestors in the ab∣bay of Gysburn, anno 1295.

He was succeeded by his eldest son,

VII. ROBERT de BRUCE, sixth lord of

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Annandale, afterwards earl of Carrick, who, in his younger years, together with Adam de Kilconath (in right of his wife, earl of Car∣rick) accompanied Edward prince of England,* 1.35 and king Lewis I. of France to the holy war, where, by his courage and conduct, he gain∣ed immortal honour, and where the earl of Carrick died, anno 1272, as before noticed.

Robert, after his return, retired to Eng∣land, where he had a considerable estate; and though he never would submit to, or ac∣knowledge John Baliol to be king of Scot∣land, he continued in the English interest for some time, and with his son Robert (af∣terwards king of Scotland) contributed great∣ly to the English gaining the battle of Dunbar against the loyalists, anno 1296.

He married Margaret, countess of Carrick, daughter and sole heiress of Neil earl of Car∣rick, and widow of the foresaid Adam de Kil∣conath,* 1.36 earl of Carrick, in whose right he also became earl of Carrick, and by her had issue five sons and seven daughters.

1. Robert Bruce, afterwards king of Scot∣land.

2. Edward Bruce, a brave soldier, who was very serviceable to his brother in his wars against the English. He was king of Ireland, and was killed at the battle of Dun∣dalk, anno 1318.* 1.37 He left no lawful issue, but several natural sons, viz. Robert, Alex∣ander, and Thomas, successively earls of Car∣rick, of whom afterwards.

3. Neil de Bruce, who was taken prison∣er by king Edward, sent to London, and put to death.

4. Thomas,

5. Alexander.

The said Thomas and Alexander were both taken prisoners by Duncan Macdougal in Galloway,* 1.38 and put to death by king Edward.

1. Daughter, lady Isabel, married, 1st, to Thomas Randulph of Strathdon, lord high chamberlain of Scotland, whose son, Thomas Randulph, earl of Murray, lord of Annandale and the Isle of Man,* 1.39 guardian of Scotland, &c. was one of the greatest heroes of his time. She married, 2dly, the earl of Athole; and, 3dly, Alexander Bruce.

2. Daughter, lady Mary, married, 1st, to Sir Neil Campbell, ancestor of the duke of Argyle;* 1.40 and, 2dly, to sir Alexander Fraser, lord high chamberlain of Scotland.

3. Lady Christian, married, 1st, to Grat∣ney, earl of Mar; 2dly, to sir Christopher Se∣ton of Seton,* 1.41 ancestor of the family of Win∣ton; and, 3dly, to sir Andrew Moray of Both∣well, chancellor and governor of Scotland.

4. Lady Mathilda,* 1.42 married to Hugh, earl of Ross.

5. Lady Elizabeth,* 1.43 married to sir William Dishington of Ardross.

6. Lady Margaret,* 1.44 married to sir Willi∣am Carlyle of Torthorald.

7. Lady—,* 1.45 married to David lord Brechin.

He died anno 1303, and was succeeded by his eldest son,

VIII. ROBERT BRUCE, earl of Carrick, seventh lord of Annandale, &c.

In 1297, he joined sir William Wallace; but having large possessions in England, he submitted to king Edward, and fought against the Scotch army at Falkirk, anno 1298, where he had a memorable interview with sir Wil∣liam Wallace, narrated at large by several good historians.

In 1299, he revolted from king Edward, and was made one of the guardians of Scot∣land, but was again reconciled to Edward in 1304.

In 1305, he was employed by king Ed∣ward, with some other Scotchmen, to settle the disordered state of their country: the following year he determined to assert his just title to the crown, was joined by the loyal∣ists or patriots, and crowned at Scoon on palm-sunday, the 27th of March 1306.

Soon thereafter he relieved, and entirely redeemed his distressed country from the usurpations and tyranny of a foreign power; but as the great actions of this hero are ful∣ly set forth, and recorded by many able hi∣storians, and do not properly fall within the plan of this work, we shall only add, that no age or country ever produced a man of more eminent qualities,* 1.46 either for peace or war, than the famous and renowned king Robert Bruce.

He married, 1st, lady Isabel, daughter of Donald, and sister of Gratney, earl of Mar, by whom he had lady Marjory, who was married to Walter, lord high steward of Scot∣land, then the greatest man in the kingdom. Their son Robert was afterwards king of Scotland;* 1.47 and their daughter Egidia, or Giles, married to sir James Lindsay of Crawfurd, and had issue.

King Robert married, 2dly, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry de Bure,* 1.48 earl of Ulsterby, by whom he had issue a son,

David, his heir to the crown,—and three daughters.* 1.49

1. Margaret, married to William earl of Sutherland, and had issue.

2. Mathilda, married to Thomas de Issack, whose daughter, Jean, was married to John de Ergadia,* 1.50 lord of Lorn, of whom are descend∣ed the lords of Lorn and Innermeath, the

Page 131

Stewarts, carls of Athole, Buchan, Traquair, the laird of Gairntully, &c.

3. Elizabeth,* 1.51 married to sir Walter Oli∣phant, ancestor of lord Oliphant.

King Robert had likeways a natural son, called Robert Bruce, who was a brave and gallant man, and highly esteemed by his fa∣ther, who, in many charters, designs him dilectus filius meus,* 1.52 &c. He was also design∣ed dominus de Liddel or Liddisdale; and it is not improbable, that it was by his daughter and heiress, that the estate and lordship of Liddisdale came to that great patriot sir Wil∣liam Douglas, dominus de Liddisdale.

This Robert was killed at the battle of Duplin,* 1.53 fighting in defence of his king and country, anno 1332.

King Robert Bruce died in June 1329, and was succeeded by his son,

IX. King DAVID BRUCE, who was not then nine years of age. He was a prince en∣dowed with many excellent qualities, of great courage and conduct; yet he was not always successful.* 1.54 He retired to France after the battle of Halidonhill, in 1333, where he re∣mained till 1342.

After his return, he made several expedi∣tions into England, (to make a diversion in favour of the French) with very good success; but, at the fatal battle of Durham, he was wounded and taken prisoner, anno 1346.

He was detained long in England, though many treaties were set on foot by his faithful and loyal subjects for his liberty, which, at last,* 1.55 was brought about, and accomplished for a ransom of 100,000 merks Sterling, anno 1357.

And as the particular transactions of this long reign are fully recorded by many histo∣rians, to these we refer our readers.

He married, 1st, Joanna or Jean, daughter of king Edward II.* 1.56 of England; 2dly, he married the widow of sir John Logie of that ilk; but died without issue in the castle of Edinburgh, on 22d February 1371, which ended the male-line of the body of king Ro∣bert Bruce,* 1.57 formerly earl of Carrick.

Upon king Robert's accession to the crown, he bestowed the title of earl of Carrick upon his valiant and faithful brother Edward king of Ireland,* 1.58 who was third earl of Carrick of the Brucian race; and he being killed, as above, without lawful issue, the king bestow∣ed that earldom upon Edward's eldest natural son, Robert Bruce, and his heirs-male, he be∣ing fourth earl; and, as he was killed at the battle of Duplin, anno 1332, without male-issue, the earldom went to his brother,

ALEXANDER, fifth earl of Carrick, who was killed at the battle of Halidonhill,* 1.59 anno 1333, leaving only one daughter,

HELEN,* 1.60 countess and heiress of Carrick, married to sir William Cunningham of Kil∣mawers; but she dying likeways without issue, the earldom went to Edward's third son,

THOMAS, earl of Carrick,* 1.61 who joined Robert Stewart, guardian of Scotland, in 1344, but died also without issue, whereby the earldom of Carrick fell to the crown.

And as that title was never after conferred upon any but the sons of our kings, till king Charles I. bestowed it upon James lord Kin∣cleven, we shall therefore briefly mention those who enjoyed it.

I. JOHN STEWART, eldest son of king Robert II. by Elizabeth More, his first wife, was created earl of Carrick by king David Bruce. He was afterwards king of Scotland, by the name of king Robert III.

II. DAVID, prince of Scotland, and duke of Rothsay, eldest son of king Robert III. was created earl of Carrick by his father, but died before him without issue.

III. Prince JAMES, eldest son of king James III. was created earl of Carrick by his father, and was afterwards king of Scotland, viz. James IV.

IV. ALEXANDER STEWART, fourth son of king James IV. was created earl of Carrick and duke of Rothsay, and died young, anno 1516.

V. HENRY, prince of Scotland, eldest son of king James VI. was created earl of Car∣rick and duke of Rothsay, and afterwards Prince of Wales. He died before his father, without issue, universally lamented, anno 1612, in the 19th year of his age.

Notes

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