The peerage of Scotland: containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that Kingdom. ... By George Crawfurd, Esq;.

GRAHAM, Duke of Montrose.

ACCORDING to our Histori|ans, this noble illustrious Fa|mily, is as ancient as the Restauration of our Monarchy by King Fergns II. and derive their Origin from no meaner Person than the renowned Greme, who govern'd Scotland during the Minority of his Grandchild King Eugene II. fought with the Britons, and by forcing that mighty Rampart they had rear'd up between the Rivers of Forth and Clyde, immortaliz'd his Name so much, that to this Day that Trench is call'd Graham's Dyke.

But should the Rise of the Grahams be of a more modern Date, 'tis cer|tain, they are as ancient as any in the Nation now upon Record, for William de Greme is one of the Wit|nesses to the Foundation of Holy-Rood-House Abbey, by King David I. An|no Christi 1125c 1.1; and thereafter, at the special Instance of the said King, he perambulate to the Monks of Ha|dingtoun, the Lands of Clerkingtoun, when Adda, Countess of Northum|berland laid the Foundation of that Convent.

* 1.2Sir David Greme, Kt. Pater, the direct Ancestor of the illustrious Fami|ly of Montrose, obtained from King William a Grant of the Lands of Charl|toun and Burrowfield, infra Vic. de For|far, cum Dominiis & Tenendariis Tha|nagi de Kinabere 1.3.* 1.4 He left Issue,

Sir David his Son and Heir, who had a Grant from Maldwin Earl of Lennox, of the Lands of Strathblane and Mugdock; and from the Earl of Dumbar he got the Lands of Dun|daff and Strathcaron, quod fuit forrestum Regis, in Exchange with Sir David for his Lands of Gartonquhar in Galo|ueya. By Agnes his Wife he had,

Sir David, the Third of that Name, his Son & Heir, who obtained distinct Charters of his whole Lands, which were all ratified to him under the Great-Seal of Alexander III. He got the Barony of Kincardine in the County of Perth, from Maliss Earl of Strath|ern, whose Sister Anabella he marriedg 1.5, and by her he had Two Sons, Sir Patrick the Heir of the Family, and Sir David Greme Knighth 1.6.

Which Sir Patrick did execute the Office of High-Sheriff of the County of Stirling, in the Time of King Ale|ander III, in the 35th of whose Reign, Anno 1284, he was one of the Magna|tes Scotiae, who in a most solemn Manner bound themselves by their Oaths and Seals, that in case King Alexander should die without Heirs

of his own Body, to receive and ac|knowledge the Princes Margaret, the Maid of Norway, the King's Grand|child, as their lawful Queen. He was afterward kill'd at the Battle of Dun|bar, against the English, Anno 1296a 1.7, strenuously asserting the Honour and Independency of his Country, leaving Issue Sir David his Successor, Sir Nicol Graham, Kt. who got the Lordship of Eskdale in the South, by the Marriage of the Heir Female of Robert de Ave|nelb 1.8; and was the Root of the Grahams of Abercorn, and the Progeni|tor of Sir John Graham, that renoun'd Patriot who lost his Life in his Coun|try's Service at the Battle of Falkirk whom all our Historians do celebrate as the bravest Scotsman, next to Sir William Wallace, in the Age he liv'd.

Sir David Graham, the next of this noble Family, was a great Patron of the Liberties of his Country, after the Abdication of John Baliol, and a strenuous Opposer of the Incroach|ments made upon our old Constitu|tion by King Edward I. of England, for which, when that Prince made an Offer of Indemnity to such of the Scots Nation as would submit to the Yoke he had imposed on them, Sir David had the Honour to be one of those few Patriots who were particu|larly exceptedc 1.9. As he was a great Patriot of his Country; so he was a very zealous Loyalist in Behalf of King Robert the Bruce, upon whose Accession to the Throne, he had di|vers Grants of Lands, in Considera|tion of his good and faithful Services before that Time performed. He ex|chang'd his Lands of Cardross in Dum|barton Shire with King Robert, for the Lands of Old Montrose in the Country of Forfar.

The same Sir David was one of those Barons who in 1320, wrote that noble Letter to the Pope, asserting the Independency of Scotland, where|in they highly extol King Robert Bruce, as the Nation's glorious De|liverer, and the Preserver of the Li|berties of the People; in which fa|mous Record the Seal of this Noble Person, I observe, is still intired 1.10. By . . . . . . Daughter of . . . . . . . . his Wife, he had

Sir David. his Son, was one of the Magnates Scotiae appointed to treat with the English touching the Redem|ption of King David Bruce, when he was taken Prisoner at the Battle of Durham, Anno, 1346, by . . . . Daughter of . . . . . . . his Wife, he had Issue, Sir Patrick his Son and Heir, and a Daughter married to William Earl of Rosse 1.11;

Which Sir Patrick de Grame Lord of Dundaf, as he is design'd was one of the Hostages for the Ransom of King David, when the Terms of his Redemption were concerted by the Commissioners of both Kingdoms, who were apointed for that Effect, Anno 1357f 1.12. Upon the Accession of King Robert II. to the Crown, when the two great Entails were made in Favours of the King's eldest Son the Earl of Carrick, Sir Patrick's Name is inserted in the one, and his Seal, I think, is appended to the other.

He married first Matilda Daugh|ter of . . . . . . . . . . by whom he had William Lord of Graham his Successor; And again Eupham, Daughter to Sir John Stewart, Brother to King Robert II. Sister to Walter Stewart, Lord of Railstong 1.13; by her he had Issue Sir Patrick Graham of Elieston, the Proge|nitor of the Earls of Mentethh 1.14 2. Robert, 3. David, 4. Alexander, and a Daughter Matilda, married to Sir John Drummond of Concraig.

Which Sir William of Graham, Lord of Kincardine, in the 1404, was joined in Commission with divers other Lords and Barons, to treat with the English anent the keeping of a Peace

and Amity betwixt the two Realmsa 1.15, and Two Years thereafter was sent upon an Embassy to England, with the Earls of Crawford and Mar, which Negotiation they performed with Ho|nour and Success. He married first Mariota Daughter of Sir John Oliphant of Aberdalgy, by whom he had Alex|xander his eldest Son, who died in the Lifetime of his Father, and John; next the Lady Mary Stewart, Daughter of King Robert III. Widow of George Earl of Angus, and of James Kennedy of Dennureb 1.16, by whom he had Sir Robert Graham of Strathcar••n, first of the Branch of the Grahams of Finitrie and Claverhousec 1.17. Second, Patrick, who being educated a Church man, and entring into Orders, was first pro|moted to the Episcopal See of Bre••hen, and translated thence to the Bishop|rick of St. Andrews, then void by the Death of Bishop Kennedy, Anno 1466. Third, William, of whom came the Grahams of Garvockd 1.18 and Balgoun Fourth, Walter Graham of Wallacetoune 1.19, who was the Ancestor of the Grahams of Knockdolian and its Cadets: And departing this Life in 1424f 1.20, his Estate and Honour devolved to

Patrick his Grandson and Heir, who was appointed one of the Lords of the Regency in the Minority of King James II. and he prudently and faithfully discharged that Trust for se|veral Years thereafter. He died in the Month of January 1467g 1.21, leav|ing Issue by Elizabeth his Wife,

William Lord Graham his Son and Heir, who married Jean, Daughter of George Earl of Angush 1.22, and giving Way to Fate in the Beginning of the Year 1472, left Issue, William his Successor, George, of whom is the Branch of the Grahams of Callenderi 1.23; and a Daughter, Christian, mar|ried to James Halden of Gleneaglek 1.24, and thereafter to Sir Thomas Maule of Panmure.

Which William Lord Graham, ad|hered firmly to King James III, in the Time of his greatst Distress; and when that misfortunate Prince was forced to take the Field, and raise an Army in his own Defence, the Lord Graham resorted to him, and cheerful|ly took a Command in the Army, in which he continued till the Death of the King. He was also in great Favour with King James IV, who was gra|ciously pleased, by Letters of Creation to raise him to the Dignity of Earl of Montrose, March 3d, 1504l 1.25. He married first Annabella, Daughter of John Lord Drummondm 1.26, by whom he had William the Heir of the Fami|ly; next, Janet, Daughter of Sir Archi|bald Edmonston of Duntreathn 1.27, by her he had Margaret, espoused to John Earl of Lennox; Elizabeth, to Walter Drummond Grandson and Heir of John first Lord Drummondo 1.28; Ni|colas, to William Murray of Aber|airny; and last of all, Christian Wa|vane, by whom he had Two Sons Pa|trick, first of the Family of Inchbrakoep 1.29, out of which branch'd the Gra|hams of Gorthy in the County of Perth; and Andrew, who was the first Protestant Bishop of Dunblain, to which he was promoted upon the De|privation of Bishop Chisolme, Anno 1572q 1.30. This Earl was slain at Flow|don with King James IV. September 9th, 1513.

William the second Earl of Montrose was one of the Peers to whom John Duke of Albany, Regent of Scot|land,

in the Minority of King James V. committed the Tuition of the young King, when his Highness the Duke went over to France, to secure that Crown in the Interest of Scotland. He married Janet, Daughter of Wil|liam Earl Marshal, by whom he had Robert Master of Montrose, who was slain at the Battle of Pinky, Alexander Pensioner of Cambuskenneth, Mungo and William, of whom the Families of Killern and Orchil are descendeda 1.31. Likewise sundry Daughters, Mar|garet married to Robert Master of Erskine, Elizabeth to John Earl of Caithness, Agnes to Sir William Mur|ray of Tilybardin, Janet to Sir Andrew Murray of Balvaiad, Catharine to John Graham of Knockdolean, and dying on the 24th of May 1571, was succeed|ed by

John his Grandson, Son of Robert Master of Montrose, by Margaret Daughter of Malcolm Lord Fleeming. Upon the Fall of the Earl of Goury the Lord Treasurer, this noble Lord got the White-Staff on the 1st of May 1582, which he did not hold long, for upon another Turn at Court, the Earl demitted the Treasurer's Place to Sir Thomas Lyon of Auldbar in the End of the Year 1585; after which the Earl of Montrose continued in the Council, tho he had no other Office in the State, till the Chancelour's Place falling to vaik, by the Demise of John Lord Thirlstane, he was pre|ferred thereunto in January 1598, in which Station his Lordship continued till the 1604, that it being judged necessary that the Chancelour should be a Lawyer, his Lordship did resign the Place: But it was far from be|ing done but with all imaginable Re|spect to his Lordship; for upon the Lord Fivie's being made Chancelour, the Earl of Montrose was made Vice|roy of Scotland during Lifeb 1.32, which great Office he accordingly enjoyed till his Death, November 9th 1608c 1.33, leaving Issue by Jean his Wife, Daughter of David Lord Drummond, John his Successor, Sir Robert Graham of Innermeath, Sir William Graham of Braco; and a Daughter Lilias, mar|ried to John 1st Earl of Wigtoun.

John Earl of Montrose, being a Per|son of great Parts and Abilities, was after the Accession of King Charles I. to the Crown, named President of His Majesty's most honourable Privy Council, and he enjoy'd the Office even till his Death, November 24th 1626. By Margaret his Wife, Daugh|ter of William Earl of Gowrie, he had James his Son and Heir, the first Mar|quis of Montrose; also Four Daugh|ters, Lilias married to Sir John Col|quhoun of Luss Bart. and had Issue; Margaret to Archibald first Lord Na|pier; Dorothea to James first Lord Rollo; Beatrix to David Lord Maderty.

James Earl, afternam'd Marquis of Montrose, was born in the 1612, hav|ing had the Misfortune to lose his Fa|ther when he was young, and being I think the only Son of the Family, his Friends, in order to raise up Heirs to his illustrious House, pre|vail'd with him, when he was but a Youth, to marry, which he did into a very noble Family: This Marriage broke off the Course, and gave a great Interruption to his Studies, but quick|ly finding the Loss he should sustain if he did not go thro' with his Edu|cation, he got good Masters at Home, and enter'd into a close Course of Study, wherein he made so great a Proficiency and Progress, that in a very little Time he became not only a great Master, but a Critick in the Greek and Latin, after which, for his greater Improvement, and giving an Ornament to his hopeful Person, he travel'd into Foreign Parts, where he spent some Years in attaining the Language, and in learning the Exer|cises then in Vogue, in which he ex|cel'd most Men, and came over to England, by the Time he was Twen|ty two Years of Age.

He then betook himself to the Court, intending to live there in a View of ser|ving the Crown, and of raising himself to those Honours and Imployments

both his Birth and personal Qualifica|tions did intitle him to; but in his Attendance there, meeting with some Discountenance of the King, which was very artfully brought about, he left the Court, and returning to Scot|land, just before the breaking out of the Troubles, he joined with the dis|contented Party, who appeared most forward for the Redress of Grievan|ces of the Church, which was all that was at that Time pretended, insomuch as he soon became one of the prin|cipal and most active Lords for the Covenant and Reformation: But af|ter the first Expedition of the Cove|nanters into England, the Earl upon his Observation of the unwarrantable Prosecution of the Ends of the Cove|nant, he gave over that Party, and his Command in the Army; and made a full Tender of his Service to his Majesty, which brought him so much into the Jealousy of the Party he had formerly been of, that there was no Room left to doubt of his Sincerity to the King. The Earl of Clarendon does very unjustly insinuate in his History of the Civil War, that while the King was in Scotland, the Earl of Montrose offer'd to make away Two Great Men, he thinks, were not so cordial in the King's Interest as could have been wish'd; but as this Ca|lumny is most false, as I am ful|ly able from Original Writs and Pa|pers to justify him from that Asper|sion, so I shall offer no more here for his Vindication, but to declare to the World, and which I'm able to de|monstrate, that the Marquis of Mon|trose was a Prisoner in the Castle of Edinburgh, for corresponding with the King from the Month of June 1641 till January thereafter, and the King came down in August and re|turned in November; so 'tis clear he was a Prisoner all the while his Maje|sty was in Scotlanda 1.34. After his Releas|ment he liv'd most part privately at his Seat in the Country, till the Meeting of the Convention 1643, he private|ly withdrew out of Scotland, and came to the King a few Days before the Siege was rais'd from Glocester, and gave his Majesty the first clear Information of the Proceedings of the Convention, of the Resolutions would be there taken, and of the Posture the Kingdom would speedily be in; and made some Propositions to the King for the Remedy; which there was not, says the Earl of Clarendon, then Time to consult of: But assoon as his Majesty return'd to Oxford, after the Battle of Newburry, he was very willing to hearken to any Overture the Earl should make in Re|ference to what could be done, to prevent the Mischief was like to en|sue to his Majesty's Affairs, by a Com|bination betwixt the Scots Covenan|ters and the English Parliament; wherefore, that his Majesty might have this important Affair brought to a full Resolution, he was pleas'd to hold several Conferences with the Earl: But all the Advances which were made toward the Execution of any Attempt for the King's Service, were check'd by his Majesty's not be|ing able to give any Troops to the Earl, by the Protection whereof, the Loyal Party of the Kingdom might come to his Assistance, and discover their Affections to his Majesty, not|withstanding of which, the vigorous Spirit of the Earl of Montrose, stirred him up to make some Attempt, which he thought might be of Service to the King: And therefore proposed that his Majesty should give a Command to the Earl of Antrim, to raise, and send over a Body of Two Thousand Men, into the Highlands of Scotland, to be a Foundation for raising For|ces there, and that if his Majesty would grant him a Commission to command that Army, he would him|self be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his Fortune with them; and that if no Time were lost in pro|secuting that Design, he did hope

that by the Time the Scots Army should be ready to take the Field, they should receive such an Alarm from their own Country, as should hinder their Advance into Englanda 1.35. Upon this Overture the King conser'd with the Two Lords, and finding the Earl of Antrim forward to undertake the raising as many Men as should be desir'd, his Majesty re|solv'd to encourage it all he could; and therefore, that the Earl of Mon|trose might depart with the better Character, and Testimony of his Ma+jesty▪s Favour and good Opinion, and be thereby the better qualified to per form the great Trust reposed in him, his Majesty was pleased to give Order for a Warrant to make the Earl Mar|quis of Montroseb 1.36, and gave him a Commission, constituting his Lord|ship Captain-General, and Comman|der in Chief of all the Forces to be rais'd in Scotland for his Majesty's Service; and so taking his Leave of the King, accompany'd with several Gentlemen, he began his Journey, as if he meant to make his Way in Com|pany with them into Scotland; but af|ter he had continued his Journey two or three Days in that Equipage, which he knew could be no Secret, and that it would draw the Enemies Troops together, for the Guard of all Passes to meet with him, the Mar|quis was found missing one Morning by his Company, who after some Stay and Enquiry returned back to Ox|ford, whilst this noble Person with in|credible Address and Fatigue, had not only quitted his Company and his Servants, but his Horse also, and found a safe Passage, most Part on Foot, thro' all the Enemies Quarters, till he came to the very Bordersc 1.37; from whence, by the Assistance of Friends whom he trusted, he found himself secure in the Border of the Highlands, with his most faithful Friend the Laird of Inchbrackied 1.38; where he lay quiet without under|taking any Action, until the Earl of Antrim did make good so much of his Undertaking, that he sent over Co|lonel Alexander M••Donald, with a Regiment of Fifteen Hundred Sol|diers, who landed in the Highlands, at or near the Place that had been agreed one 1.39, where the Marquis was ready to receive him, which he did with great Joy, and quickly publi|shed his Commission of being Gene|ral for the King over all the King|dom.

With this Handful of Men thus brought together, with those Circum|stances, he brought in so many of his Countrymen to join with him, as were soon strong enough to arm them|selves at the Charge of their Enemies, whom they first defeated, and every Day encreased in Power, till he fought, and prevailed in the several Battles of Tippermuir, Alfuird, Aldearn, Aberdeen, Inverlochy, and Kilsyth, that he made himself in little more than one Year, upon the Matter, Master of the Kingdom; and did all those stupen|duous Acts which are deservedly the Subject of a History excellently writ|ten in Latin by Dr. George Wishart, thereafter Bishop of Edinburgh, tho' very ill translated since by an un|known Hand.

After the Battle of Kilsyth, his Ex|cellency the Marquis mareh'd East|ward, took the City of Edinbutghf 1.40; and advancing his Course toward England, he was unexpectedly at|tack'd by Major General David Lesly, with the whole Strength of the Scots Horse, at Philiphaugh, on the 13th of September 1645g 1.41, where he was total|ly defeated; so that his future Triumph

was not only prevented, but he was compel'd with great Loss to retire a|gain to the Highlands, for recruiting of his Army, in which he had won|derfully succeeded, when he received his Majesty's positive Orders, while he was in the Hands of the Scots Ar|my before Newark, to lay down his Arms by a certain Day prefixed, and to leave the Kingdoma 1.42, till when they pretended they could no•• declare for his Majesty; and this was done with so much Earnestness, and by a particular Messenger known and trusted, that the Marquis obey'd and transported himself into France, to|ward the End of the Year 1646b 1.43, where he did for some Time reside, and took the Opportunity while he attended at that Court, to make some Overtures to Cardinal Mazerine, to raise any Army for the Service of the King, which the crafty Cardinal did not receive, says the Lord Clarendon, with that Regard the Marquis's great Name deserv'd. Thereupon his Ex|cellency left France, and made a Jour|ney into Germany, to the Emperor's Court; and thence to Brussels, where he lay privately, and as incognito for some Time, till he hear'd of the Murther of the King, that he came to the Hague, and presented himself to King Charles II. with the Tender of his Servicec 1.44; and his Majesty received him with a very good Coun|tenance, and as a most gracious Testi|mony of his great Fidelity and Merit, presented him with the Ensigns of the most noble Order of the Garter.

While the King remained at the Hague, there were at this Time, be|side the Marquis of Montrose, and those of the Nobility who adhered to him, the Commissioners who came from the Council and the Kirk, to invite his Majesty into Scotland, and the Duke of Hamilton, and others of the Nobility who joined with him; and tho' there was nothing the King wished more than that some Expedi|ent might be found out to unite all those Parties; especially that there might be an Union and Reconciliation betwixt Mentrose and the Ha••••iltonion Faction, who had an equal Desire to serve the King, and were as much persecuted by the Party who then govern'd, as the Marquis was; yet the Animosity of each of them was such against him, that they were equally his implacable Enemies, in|somuch as they did not only refuse to meet with him, but assoon as he came into the Room where they were, tho' his Majesty himself was present, they immediately withdrew and left the Roomd 1.45, and desir'd that the Marquis, whom they call'd James Graham, might be forbidden to come into his Majesty's Presence, because he stood excommunicated by the Kirk, and degraded and forfaulted by the Judicatory of the Kingdom: With which Demand his Majesty declared his being very much offended, which he made manifest by using the Mar|quis with the more Countenance, and in holding the more frequent Confe|rences with him.

But when the Marquis clearly per|ceived that it was not possible that the Lords of the other Parties would ever unite with him, and that his Attendance on the King might possib|ly bring some Prejudice to his Service, he therefore propos'd, that his Ma|jesty would give him Letters and Credentials to several Princes in Ger|many; and to the Northern Crowns, by which he might appear Ambassa|dor Extraordinary from the King, if he should find it expedient, to the End he might, by the Help of these Princes, obtain the Loan of Monies, Arms and Ammunition, to enable him

to prosecute his intended Descent in|to Scotland; and the King, says my Author the Earl of Clarendon, glad that he did not press for ready Money, which he was not able to supply him with, gave him such Letters as he de|sir'd, and a Commission to gather such a Force together, as by the Help of those Princes he might be enabled to do: Upon which the Marquis went for Hamburgh, which he appointed for the Rendezvous for all those Troops, which he expected from Ger|many, and from whence he could in the mean Time visit such Courts of the Neighbour Princes, as he should be encouraged to do, and keep such Intelligence with his Friends in Scot|land, as should provide for his Re|ception. In a Word, he sent or went in Person, both to Sweden and Den|mark, where he found the Perfor|mance very disproportionable to the Hopes and Encouragement he had received from thence; so that the Marquis was obliged to return to Hamburgh, with very small Supplies, from either or both these Kingdoms; and there he received no better Ac|count from those Officers whom he had sent to Germany; and therefore concluding upon the Whole, that all his Hopes from Germany and those Northern Princes would not increase the Strength he had already, which did not amount to above Five Hun|dred, he caus'd those Soldiers he had drawn together, to be imbark'd for Scotland, and sent Officers with them, who knew the Country, with Di|rections that they should land in such a Place, and remain there till he came to them, or sent them Orders; and then in another Vessel comman|ded by a Captain very faithful to the King, he embarked himself, and near an Hundred Officers, and landed in another Creek, not far from the other Place whither his Soldiers were di|rected; and both the one and the other Party were set safely on Shore, in the Orkneys, on the 15th of April 1650a 1.46; from thence he came over to Caithnessb 1.47, and presently repair'd to the House of a Gentleman of Quality, with whom he correspon|ded; by whom he was well received, and thought himself to be in Security, till he might put his Affairs in some Method: After he had staid there a short Time, he quickly possess'd him|self of an old Castle, which, in Re|spect of the Situation, in a Country so impossible for an Army to march in, thought strong enough for his Purpose. Thither he convoy'd the Arms, Ammunition and Troops, which he had brought with him; and then he published his Declaration, That he came with the King's Commis|sion, to assist those his good Subjects, and to preserve them from Oppression: That he did not intend to give any Interrup|tion to the Treaty that he hear'd was enter'd into with his Majesty; but, on the contrary, hoped, that his being in the Head of an Army, how small soever, that was faithful to the King, might advance the same. However, he had given sufficient Proof in his former Acti|ons, that if any Agreement were made with the King, upon the first Order from his Majesty, he should lay down his Arms, and dispose himself according to his Majesty's good Pleasure. With these Declarations which he sent to his Friends, to be scatter'd by them, and dispersed among the People, as they could be able, he writ likewise to those of the Nobility, and the prin|cipal Heads of the Highland Clans, to draw such Forces together as they thought necessary, to join with him; and he received Answers from many of them, by which they desir'd him to advance more into the Low-Lands,

and assured him, that they would re|sort to him, with good Numbers of their Friends and Followers, which many of them did prepare to do, with great Sincerity.

The Alarm of Montrose's Landing startled the Parliament, which was then sitting at Edinburgh, in so much, that it gave them no Leisure to think of any Thing else, than of sending Forces to hinder the Recourse of others to join with him; and there|fore, sent Colonel Strachan with a choice Party of the best Horse they had, to make all possible Haste to|ward him, and to prevent the Insur|rections which they feared would be in several Parts of the Highlands; and within few Days after, Lieutenant General Lesly followed with a strong|er Party of Horse and Foot. The Encouragement the Marquis received from his Friends, and the Unplea|santness of the Quarters, in which he was, prevail'd with him to march with these few Troops more into the Land; and the Highlanders flocking to him from all Quarters, made him undervalue any Enemy who he thought was yet like to encounter him; and the Marquis being without any Body of Horse to discover the Mo+tion of an Enemy, but depending upon all necessary Intelligence from the Affections of the People; Strachan made such Haste toward him, that he was within a small Distance of him, before he heard of his Approach, and those Highlanders who had seem'd to come with much Zeal to him, whether terrified or corrupted, left him on a sudden, or threw down their Arms; so that he had none left but a Company of good Officers, and Five or Six Hundred Foreigners, Dutch and Germans; with these he betook him|self to a Place of some Advantage, by the Inequality of the Ground; and there they made a Defence for some Time with notable Courage; but the Enemy being so much superior in Number, the common Soldiers being all Foreigners, after about a Hundred of them were kill'd upon the Place, threw down their Arms; And the Marquis seeing all lost, threw away his Ribband and George, and found Means to change his Clothes with a Fellow of the Country; and so after having gone on Foot Two or Three Miles, he got into a House of a Gentleman, M'Leod of Assint,a 1.48, where he remain'd conceal'd about Two Days; but whether by the Own|er of the House, or any other Way, the Marquis was discovered, and be|came their Prisoner, and was the next Day or soon thereafter delivered to the General, who was come up with his Forces, and had now nothing left to do, but to carry him in Triumph to Edinburgh.

When he came to one of the Gates of Edinburgh, he was met by some of the Magistrates, to whom he was de|livered, and by them presently put in|to a new Cart purposely made, in which there was a high Chair, or Bench, upon which he sat, that the People might have a full View of him, being bound with a Cord drawn over his Breast and Shoulders, and fasten'd thro' Holes made in the Cart. When he was in this Posture, the Hangman took off his Hat, and rode himself before the Cart in his Livery, and with his Bonnet on; the other Officers, who were taken Prisoners with him, walking Two and Two before the Cart; in this Manner he was carried to the common Goal, and received and treated as a common Malefactor.

Within Two Days after, he was brought before the Parliament, where the Chancellor made a very bitter

and virulent Speech against him, told him, He had broken all the Covenants by which the Nation stood obliged, and had impiously rebelled against GOD, the King and the Kingdom; that he had committed many horrible Murthers, Trea|sons and Impieties, for all which he was now brought to suffer condign Punish|ment; with all those Reproaches, says my Author, against his Person and his Actions, which the Liberty of that Place gave him Leave to use.

Permission was then given him to speak, and without the least Trouble in his Countenance, or Disorder, upon all the Indignities he had suffer'd, he told them, Since the King had own'd them ••o far as to treat with them, he had appear'd before them with Reverence, and bare headed, which otherwise he would not willingly have done: That he had done nothing of which he was asham'd, or had Cause to repent; that the first Covenant, he had taken, and comply'd with it, and with them who took it, as long as the Ends for which it was or|dain'd were observ'd; but when he dis|cover'd, which was now evident to all the World, that private and particular Men design'd to satisfy their own Ambi|tion and Interest, instead of considering the Publick Benefit; and that, under the Pretence of reforming some Errors in Religion, they resolv'd to abridge, and take away the King's just Power, and lawful Authority, he had withdrawn himself from that Engagement: That for the League and Covenant, he had never taken it, and therefore could not break it: And it was now too apparent to the whole Christian World, what mon|struous Mischiefs it had produced: That when, under Colour of it, an Army from Scotland had invaded England in Assistance of the Rebellion that was then against their Lawful King, he had, by his Majesty's Command, received a Com|mission from him to raise Forces in Scot|land, that he might thereby divert them from the other odious Persecution: That he had executed that Commission with the Obedience and Duty he ow'd to the King; and in all the Circumstances of it, had proceeded like a Gentleman; and had never suffer'd any Blood to be shed but in the Heat of the Battle; and that he saw many Persons there, whose Lives he had saved: that when the King com|manded him, he laid down his Arms, and withdrew out of the Kingdom; which they could not have compell'd him to have done. He said, he was now again enter'd into the Kingdom by his Majesty's Command, and with his Au|thority: And what Success soever it might have pleased GOD to have given him, he would always have obeyed any Com|mands he should have received from him. He advised them, to consider well of the Consequence before they proceeded against him, and that all his Actions might be examin'd, and judged by the Laws of the Land, or those of Nations.

Assoon as he had ended his Dis|course, he was ordered to withdraw; and, after a short Space, was again brought in; and told by the Chan|cellor, That he was, on the Morrow, be|ing the one and Twentieth of May 1650, to be carried to Edinburgh Cross, and there to be hanged up on a Gallows Thirty Foot high, for the Space of Three Hours, and then to be taken down, and his Head to be cut off upon a Scoffold, and hanged on Edinburgh Tolboth; his Legs and Arms to be hanged up in other publick Towns of the Kingdom, and his Body to be buried at the Place where he was to be executed, except the Kirk should take off his Excommunication; and then his Body might be buried in the common Place of Burial. And 'tis admirable to consider with what Magnanimity & Firmness of Soul he heard the Judgment that condemned him to be quartered, con|cerning which he said to the Chancellor that pronounced it, That he was prouder to have his Head set upon the Place it was appointed to be, than he could have been to have had his Picture hang in the King's Bed-Chamber: That he was so far from being troubled, that his Four

Limbs were to be hang'd in Four princi|pal Cities of the Kingdom, that he hear|tily wished he had Flesh enough to be sent to every City in Christendom, as a Testimony of the Cause for which he suffer'd.

He desir'd after the Sentence to have said somewhat to the Parlia|ment, but was not suffer'd, and so was carried back to Prison; and the next Day every Part and Circum|stance of the Sentence was executed upon him with all the Inhumanity imaginable; and he bore it with all the Courage and Magnanimity, and the greatest Piety that a good Chri|stian could manifest. When he had ended all he had to say, and was ex|pecting to expire, they acted yet one Scene more of their Barbarity upon him; the Hangman brought the Book that had been published, of his truly Heroick Actions whilst he comman|ded in the Kingdom, which, together with his Declaration, was tied in a small Cord, that was put about his Neck. At this new Instance of their Malice the Marquis smil'd, and thanked them for it, and said, he was glad it should be there, and was prouder of wearing it, than ever he had been of the Garter. and so renewing some devote Ejacu|lations, he patiently endured the last Act of the Executioner.

Thus died the gallant Marquis of Montrose, after he had given, says the Earl of Clarendon, in his Character of him,

'as great a Testimony of Loy|alty and Courage as a Subject can do, and performed as wonderful Actions in several Battles, upon as great Inequality of Numbers, and as great Disadvantages in Respect of Arms, and other Preparations for War, as have been performed in this Age.' And he adds, 'That Montrose was in his Nature fearless of Danger, and never declined any Enterprise for the Difficulty of going thro' with it, but exceedingly af|fected those which seem'd desperate to other Men, and did believe some|what to be in himself above other Men, which made him live more ea|sy towards those who were, or were wi••••ing to be inferior to him, toward whom he exercised wonderful Civi|lity and Generosity, than with his Superiors or Equals. He was na|turally jealous, and suspected those who did not concur with him in the Way, not to mean so well as he. He was not without Vanity, but his Vertues were much superior, and he well deserved to have his Memory preserv'd and celebrated amongst the most illustrious Per|sons of the Age in which he liv'd.'

His Body was interr'd at the Place of Execution, where it rested till the Restoration of the King, that by his Majesty's special Appointment, his scattered Parts were gathered together and deposited in the Abbey-Church of Holy-Rood-House, where it remain|ed till the 14th of May 1661, his Corps was with the greatest Magnificence and Solemnity that could be devised, carried to the Cathedral Church of St. Giles, and interr'd in the Isle be|longing to his Familya 1.49, b••i••g ac|companied by the Lord High Com|missioner, the Earl of Middleton, and all the Members of Parliament, to the Grave; over which this Inscrip|tion was intended to be set up, which I have for the Satisfaction of the Cu|rious, here insert.

Immortali verae Nobilitatis, inaequan|dae Magnanimitatis, incontaminati Honoris, & intemeratae Fidelitatis, Magni GRAMI, M.S.

SI quis hic jacet quaeris, Viator, Mag|nus hic est ille Montis-Rosarum March••••, generosi genii suae Famil••ae generosus Haeres, qui virescentibus adhuc (licet ann••sis) majorum suorum pal••nis tot victrices contexuit lauros, ut si om|nes

illi huic uni an unus hic illis omnibus plus Gloriae contulerii scire sii nefas. Hic est nobilis ille Montis-Rosarum Mar|chio, qui si Prosapia an Virtute illustrior, Consilio an Dextra prompiior, Aulae an Castris charior, Principibus suis an exte|ris gratior, Perduellionis Malleus durior, an Monarchiae Assertor acrior, Fama an Fortuna clarior, in Vita denique insig|nior an in Morie constantior exstiterit, dictu difficile. Hic est, Viator, magnus ille Dux Ducum sui seculi facile Prin ceps; Dux qui cum Peditum manipulo (ne dicam Exercitulo) pene inermi, Victus & Amictus inope, Causae, Aequitati, Du cis Magnanimitati & Gladiis confiso suis, ingentes Hostium Acies armatas duode|cim mensium (plus minus) Spatio sep ties vidit, vicit, delevit. Majora haec Caesaris oculata Victoria. Sed proh instabilem lubrici Fati rotam! qui Ar|ma, Castra, Oppida, Turres, Propugna|calo, qui Frigus, Famem, Sit••••, in|accessa montium juga, immo omnia su|perare consueverat tandem maligno For|tunae Errore victus, nequissimè Hostibus traditus, quid non passus! Protomartyris Regis sui Martyr pedissequus plus quam barbaro ••nimicorum Furori (nisi tam generoso S••nguine implacabili) & effraenae Praest igiatorum Druidum Insolentiae Victi|ma oblatus, invictam Malis exspiravii Animam. Sic concidit nobile illud Dia|dematis Ful••rum, sic occidit resplendens ille Caledoniae Ph••sphorus, sic occubuii magnus ille Martis Alumnus, & cum illo Mascula quaeque superfoetantis Vir|tutis Soboles, per Obstitrices indigenas ipsis Aegyptiis crudeliores trucidata. Post undecennium Ossa effodi, Membra recol. ligi, & per Proceres & Regni Comitia à Coenobio Regio S. Crucis per Metropo|lim, summo cum Splendore ad Aedes D. Aegidio sacras comitata, impensis suis Regiis sub hoc Monumento magnifico, cum Avo suo nobili, quondam Scotiae Prorege, sepeliri mandavit August issimus Regum Carolus II. Imperio suo divinitus restitutus. Vale Viator, & quisquis es, immensam ferenissimi Principis erga suos Pietatem & posthumum hunc Magni GRAMI pristinae suae Gloriae redivivi cole Triumphum.

The noble Marquis married Mag|dalen, Daughter of David, first Earl of Southesk, by whom he had James his Son and Heir.

This noble Lord was too young to have had a Part in the War under his Father: After whose Death being divested of his Estate, he liv'd quietly and privately under the Powers that then prevail'd, retaining his Affection and Fidelity to the Crown, which he made manifest in performing all the Offices of Fidelity and Duty to the King, throughout the whole Course of the Usurpation, that a generous and worthy Person could find any Opportunity for; with which his Ma|jesty was abundanty satisfied and pleas'd.

Upon the Return of the King, the Marquis was restor'd to his Estate, and the Act of his Father's Forfaul|ture repell'd, and he was nam'd one of the Lords of his Majesty's Privy-Council: But that which was thought strange, and administred much Dis|course, both then and afterwards, was, that his Lordship was not pre|ferr'd to any of the great Offices of the Crown, considering the transcen|dent Merit of his Father, and the great Value and Esteem the King had of himself, as a Nobleman of great Ho|nour and Integrity; but the Reason I have ever hear'd assign'd for it, was, that the Marquis did not affect any publick Character, a Life of Privacy and Quiet being really his own Choice, and what was more suited to his Hu|mour and Nature; and dying in the Month of February, in the 1669a 1.50, was upon the 23d of of April there|after

interr'd at the Chapel of Aber-Ruthven in Perth Shire, where the Bones of his Ancestors were commit|ted to their Rest, and his Funeral Ser|mon was preached by Dr. Alexander Burnet, then Arch-Bishop of Glasgow, wherein he gave the Marquis a very good Character. He was a Nobleman of great Honour and Probity, so great a Lover of Justice, and so strict in the Observation of his Word and Promise, that no Man was ever more worthy the Title of, An honest Man.

He married Isobel, Daughter of William Earl of Morton, Widow of Robert, first Earl of Roxburgh, by whom he had James his Successor, and Lord Charles, who died a young Man of great Hopes and Courage; like wise three Daughters,

Lady Anne, married to Alexander Earl of Calendar.

Lady Jean to Sir Jonathan Urquhart of Cromarty.

Lady Grisel to Mr. William Co••hran of Kilmaronock, Son to William Lord Cochran.

James Marquis of Montrose his Son was a Nobleman of great Parts, which were improved by a good Education. Upon the Death of his Father the King took him into his immediate and emi|nent Care, made him first, Captain of the Guard; and then, that he might fit him by Degrees for the greatest Trust and Employments, preferr'd him to be President of the Privy-Council; but Death overtook him not long thereafter, in the Prime of his Years, upon the 25th of April 1684a 1.51, to the general Regret of the whole Nation, and the particular Sorrow of his own Relations, who la|mented his Death exceedingly, as a great Loss to his Family. By Christian his Wife, Daughter of John Duke of Rothes, he had only a Son James, the present Duke of Montrose.

This noble Lord being a Person of very bright and distinguishing Parts, and the Head of a very noble Family, that had in no Time swerv'd in its Fi|delity to the Crown, her Majesty Queen Anne, soon after he came to Age, called him to her Privy-Council, made him first, Lord High Admiral of Scotland, in the Beginning of the 1705b 1.52, and then Lord President of the Council in little more as a Year thereafterc 1.53; in which Station, and in all other Capacities, his Lordship did exert himself with the most ar|dent Zeal and Vigour, in promoting the Succession to the Crown in the Protestant Line, and on that Account did all he could to consolidate the Two Kingdoms in an incorporating Union, and thereby giving a Sanction to the Title of the most serene House of Hanover, to the Crown of this Re|alm; in Consideration whereof, as well as in Respect of his Lordship's personal Merit, and in Honour of his noble Family, for which the Queen did always prosess a very great Value and Regard, her Majesty was pleas'd by Letters Patent 24th of April 1707, to make the Marquis Duke of Montrosed 1.54; and 'tis to be observed as a special Instance of her Majesty's more immediate Favou••, that the Honour was not restricted to the Heirs Male of the Duke's own Body; but was to descend to his Heirs of Entail.

His Grace continued Lord President of the Council, till the Parliament of Great Britain thought fit to dissolve the Scots Privy-Council some Time after the commencing of the Union, that the Duke of Montrose was made Lord Privy-Seal, upon the Removal of the Duke of Queensberry, the 28th February 1709; and he held that Office, till the 1713e 1.55, he was laid aside for not complying with the Measures of the Court during the

Earl of Oxford's Administration, and the Duke of Athole was made Privy-Seal in his Place.

The Duke's firm and inviolable Adherence to the Protestant Succes|sion, which his Grace had so early, and with so much Zeal maintain'd and asserted, could not fail to intitle him to a more than ordinary Favour of the illustrious Family, in whom the Right was established by Law; and therefore, when the Successor, his Electoral Highness the Duke of Bruns|wick was by Act of Parliament im|power'd to nominate so many Persons as he should think proper, to be joined with the Seven great Officers of State, in the Administration of the Govern|ment till his Arrivala 1.56, his Royal Highness did repose such Confidence in the Duke's Affection and Fidelity to his Interest, that he had the Honour to be named one of the Lords of the Regency: But being at his Seat in the Country when the Act of Settle|ment of the Crown did actually take Effect, by the Demise of Queen Anne, of glorious Memory, on the 31st of July 1714, his Grace made Haste to Edinburgh, where he was present at the Proclamation of King George; and taking Post for London, he arrived there on the 10th of August thereafter, where he concur'd cordially and chear|fully with the other Lords Justices, in taking Care to issue out such Orders as were necessary to support the Ho|nour and Dignity of the Crown, and to secure the Peace and Tranquillity of the Kingdom. King George ha|ving arrived in Britain on the 18th of September, Six Days thereafter his Majesty was pleased to appoint his Grace the Duke to be One of His Ma|jesty's Principal Secretaries of State, in the Room of the Earl of Mar, and in a very gracious Manner to honour him with several distinguishing Marks of his Royal Favour.

His Grace married the Lady Chri|stian Carnegie, Daughter of David Earl of Northesk, a Lady of the most con|summated Vertue, by whom he had James Lord Graham, who died in his Infancy, David Marquis of Graham, Lord William; and a Daughter, Lady Margaret.

ARMS.

Quarterly First and Fourth on a Chief, Sable, Three Escalops of the First. Se|cond and Third, Argent, Three Roses, Gules. Supporters, Two Storks proper. Crest, a Falcon Azure, killing a Heron, Argent. Motto, Nè Obliè.

Notes

• c 1.1

  Chron. Sanctae Crucis, coepit fundari Ec|clesia Sanctae Crucis Anno 1125.
• * 1.2

  (d) Register of the Priory of St. Andrews. M.S.
• e 1.3

  Charta penes Ducem de Montrose.
• * 1.4

  (f) Ibidem.
• g 1.5

  Ibidem.
• h 1.6

  In the Foedera Angliae ad Annum 129••, Sir David de Graham is designed Frater Pat. de Graham.
• a 1.7

  Abercomby's martial Atchievements of the Scots Nation.
• b 1.8

  Chartul. of Melross.
• c 1.9

  Ry|mer's Foedera Angliae.
• d 1.10

  Charta in Pub. Arch.
• e 1.11

  Charta penes me Hugonis Comitis de Ross, terrarum de Scatrig. Patricio Graham avunculo suo.
• f 1.12

  Rymer's Foedera Angliae.
• g 1.13

  Charta penes Ducem de Montrose.
• h 1.14

  Ibidem.
• a 1.15

  Rymer's Foedera Angli••.
• b 1.16

  Charta in Pub. Arch.
• c 1.17

  Charta penes Ducem de Montrose.
• d 1.18

  Charta in Pub. Arch. etiam Charta penes Dominum de Duntreath.
• e 1.19

  Charta penes me, ad Annum 1444, Pat. D. Graham Waltero Graham Avunculo suo, terrarum de Wallacetoun.
• f 1.20

  Charta penes Ducem de Montrose.
• g 1.21

  Ibidem.
• h 1.22

  Charta penes me.
• i 1.23

  Ibidem.
• k 1.24

  Charta penes Comitem de Panmure.
• l 1.25

  Charta penes Duoem de Montrose.
• m 1.26

  Ibidem.
• n 1.27

  Charta penes Dominum de Duntreath.
• o 1.28

  Charta penes Comitem de Perth.
• p 1.29

  Charta penes Domi|num de Inchbracko, ad Annum 1513.
• q 1.30

  Charta penes D••cem de Montrose.
• a 1.31

  Charta penes D. Orchil, etiam Charta penes D. Killern, Wil. C. de Montrose, Will. Gra|ham fili•• suo terrarum de Killern, Ibert & Drumbeg, ad Annum 1560.
• b 1.32

  Charta penes D. de Montrose.
• c 1.33

  Ibidem.
• a 1.34

  Original Instructions of all this I have had the Honour to peruse in the Duke of Montrose's Custody.
• a 1.35

  Clarendon's History of the Rebellion.
• b 1.36

  Charta penes Ducem de Montrose, data 6 May, 1644.
• c 1.37

  Clarendon.
• d 1.38

  Guthry's Memoirs.
• e 1.39

  Bishop Wishart's Memoirs of the Mar|quis of Montrose.
• f 1.40

  The Bishop of Dunkeld's Memoirs.
• g 1.41

  Bishop Guthry's Memoirs.
• a 1.42

  Lord C••••rendon's History.
• b 1.43

  Bishop Wishart's Memoirs of the Marquis of Montrose. Clarendon.
• c 1.44

  (c)
• d 1.45

  Ibidem.
• a 1.46

  Memoirs of the Marquis of Montrose.
• b 1.47

  History of the Revolutions in England, by a French Clergyman, where Montrose's Expedition is particularly narrated.
• a 1.48

  Mercurius Politicus ad Annum 1661.
• a 1.49

  Relation of the Funerals of the great Marquis of Montrose, printed in 1661.
• a 1.50

  Charta in Cancellaria, S. D. N. R.
• a 1.51

  Charta in Cancellatia, S. D. N. R. data 23d February 1705.
• b 1.52

  Ibidem, data 28 Febru|ary 1706.
• c 1.53

  Ibidem.
• d 1.54

  Ibidem.
• e 1.55

  Ibid.
• a 1.56

  An Historical Account of the Affairs of Great Britain, with the most remarkable Occurrences from the Accession of King George to the Throne, 1714.