The history and antiquities of the city of Carlisle: and its vicinity, by William Hutchinson, Esq.

The Succession of Chancellors, Vicars General, and Officials, Archdeacons, and Preben∣daries.

CHANCELLORS, VICARS GENERAL, AND OFFICIALS.

• A. D. 1220—Andrew de Kirbythore, vic. gen.
• A. D. 1311—Adam de Appleby, offic. constituted by Bishop Halton, when he fled from the Scots.
• A. D. 1311—The prior and William Gosford, vic. gen. The bishop called to the general council of Vienna.
• A. D. 1314—Adam de Appleby, vic. gen.
• A. D. 1335—Thomas de Halton, vic. gen. Robert de Southayke, official.
• A. D. 1342—John de Stoketon, offic. by patent
• A. D. 1353—Abbot of Holm Cultram, vic. gen.
• A. D. 1354—Nich. de Whitby, offic.
• A. D. 1355—Adam de Caldbeck, offic.
• A. D. 1363—Prior of Carlisle, John de Appleby, and Adam de Caldbeck, vic gen.
• A. D. 1373—William de Bowness, offic.
• A. D. 1379—William del Hall, offic.
• A. D. 1397—Richard Pyttes, vic. gen. Bishops registers deficient for 150 years.
• A. D. 1543—Nicholas Williamson, offic.
• A. D. 1552—Henry Dethick▪ L. L. B. chancellor.
• A. D. 1569—Geo. Scott chancellor, 1570 made vic. gen. and offic.—Since this time the offices have been united.
• A. D. 1576—Thomas Burton, L. L. B. cha. vic. gen. and offic.
• A. D. 1577—Thomas Hammond, L. L. B. chan. &c.
• A. D. 1586—Hen. Dethick, A. M. and L. L. B. ap∣pointed for life—This appointment was con∣firmed by the chapter as all succeeding ones were.
• A. D. 1597—Henry Dethick, L. L. B.
• A. D. 1615—Henry Woodward.
• A. D. 1622—Isaac Single, A. M.—Here is a vacancy during the time that episcopacy was dissolved.
• A. D. 1661—Robert Lowther.
• A. D. 1666—Henry Marshall. He was vicar of Stanwix, and was murdered at his own door.
• A. D. 1667—Rowland Nichols, A. M.
• A. D. 1683—Thomas Tullie, A. M.
• A. D. 1727—John Waugh, A. M.
• A. D. 1765—Richard Burn, L. L. D.
• A. D. 1785—William Paley, A. M.
• A. D. 1795—Jos. D. Carlyle, B. D.

ARCHDEACONS. In the Reigns of King Henry II. Richard I. John, and Henry III.—Gervase de Lowther.

• A. D. 1230—Robert.
• A. D. 1233—Peter de Ross.
• A. D. 1293—Richard.
• A. D. 1302—Peter de Insula.
• A. D. 1311—Gilbert de Halton.
• A. D. 1320—William Karliol
• A. D. 1323—William de Kendale.
• A. D. 1354—Richard de Arthureth.
• A. D. 1363—William de Rothbury.
• A. D. 1364—John de Appleby.
• A. D. 1548—George Nevill.
• A. D. 1567—Edward Threlkeld, L. L. D.
• A. D. 1588—Henry Dethick.
• A. D. 1597—Richard Pickington.
• A. D. 1599—Dr. Giles Robinson
• A. D. 1602—Nicholas Dean, A. M.
• A. D. 1622—Isaac Singleton, ditto.
• A. D. 1660—Lewis West.
• A. D. 1667—John Peachil, D. D.
• A. D. 1668—Tho. Musgrave, A. M.
• A. D. 1682—William Nicholson, ditto.
• A. D. 1702—Joseph Fisher.
• A. D. 1705—Geo. Fleming, A. M.
• A. D. 1734—Wm. Fleming, ditto.
• A. D. 1743—Edmund Law, ditto.
• A. D. 1756—Venn Eyre, ditto.
• A. D. 1777—John Law, A. M.
• A. D. 1782—William Paley, ditto.

PREBENDARIES OF THE FIRST STALL.

• A. D. 1542—William Florens, monk.
• A. D. 1549—Hugh Sewel, D. D.
• A. D. 1585—Edmund Bunnie, D. D.
• A. D. 1617—Richard Snowden.
• A. D. 1619—Lancelot Dawes, A. M.
• A. D. 1660—Thomas Smith, D. D.
• A. D. 1661—Thomas Conon, B. D.
• A. D. 1668—William Sill, A. M.
• A. D. 1681—Wm. Nicholson, ditto.
• A. D. 1702—John Atkinson, ditto.
• A. D. 1733—Edward Birk••t, ditto.
• A. D. 1768—John Waugh, ditto.
• A. D. 1777—James Stephen Lushington, ditto.
• A. D. 1785—George Law, ditto.

PREBENDARIES OF THE SECOND STALL.

• A. D. 1542—Edward Lossi.
• A. D. 1546—William Paroye, D. D.
• A. D. 1552—John Emanuel Tremelius.
• A. D. 1552—Edwin Sands.
• A. D. 1554—Edward Mitchell, L. L. B.
• A. D. 1566—John Maybray.
• A. D. 1568—Thomas Tookie.
• A. D. 1574—John Barnes.
• A. D. 1577—Thomas Fairfax.
• A. D. 1595—John Meyes, L. L. B.
• A. D. 1596—William Meye, A. M.
• A. D. 1600—Thomas Fairfax.
• A. D. 1640—Frederick Tunstall, A. M.
• A. D. 1660—Arthur Savage, ditto.
• A. D. 1700—George Fleming, ditto.
• A. D. 1727—John Waugh. ditto.
• A. D. 1765—Robert Wardale, ditto.
• A. D. 1773—John Law, ditto.
• A. D. 1782—Joseph Hudson, D. D.

OF THE THIRD STALL.

• A. D. 1542—Bernard Kirkbride.
• A. D. 1564—Gregory Scott, A. M.
• A. D. 1576—Thomas Burton, L. L. B.
• A. D. 1577—Anthony Walkwood.
• A. D. 1612—Bernard Robinson.
• A. D. 1637—Lewis West, A. M.
• A. D. 1667—John Peachill, B. D.
• A. D. 1669—Thomas Musgrave.
• A. D. 1676—John Ardrey, A. M.
• A. D. 1684—Thomas ••ullie, ditto.
• A. D. 1716—Thomas Benson, ditto.
• A. D. 1727—Richard Holme, ditto.
• A. D. 1738—William Fleming, ditto.
• A. D. 1743—Thomas Wilson, ditto.
• A. D. 1764—Roger Baldwin, ditto.

OF THE FOURTH STALL.

• A. D. 1542—Richard Brandling, monk.
• A. D. 1570—Arthur Key.
• A. D. 1575—Thomas Burton, S. L. D.
• A. D. 1576—George Hower.
• A. D. 1582—Edward Hansley.
• A. D. 1584—Edward Mayplate.
• A. D. 1624—John Fletcher, B. D.
• A. D. 1632—William Dodding. A. M.
• A. D. 1637—Richard Smith, B. D.
• A. D. 1643—Henry Hutton, A. M.
• A. D. 1660—George Buchanan, A. M.
• A. D. 1666—Henry Marshal, ditto.
• A. D. 1667—Jeremy Nelson, ditto.
• A. D. 1685—Hugh Todd, ditto.
• A. D. 1720—Thomas Tullie, L. L. D.
• A. D. 1742—Erasmus Head, A. M.
• A. D. 1763—Joseph Amphlet, L. L. D.
• A. D. 1780—William Paley, A. M
• A. D. 1795—William Sheepshanks, ditto.

The city of Carlisle is divided into two parishes. The parish of St. Mary's, or which the cathedral is the parochial church; the city and principal parts of both parishes are within that liberty, which is known by the name of the manor of the soccage of Carlisle. In the notes is the boundaries. ‡

The parish of St. Cuthbert's is the other division of this city. The church

becoming ruinous, was rebuilt in 1778, on a new and handsome plan, neatly vault∣ed, pewed, galleried, and well lighted: it has a square steeple or tower, with a dome, and covered with lead, but no ring of bells. The income is but small, yet having had several augmentations, lands have been lately purchased and added thereto, of the yearly value of forty pounds. §

In this parish is the chapelry of Wrea; its antiquity cannot be ascertained further back than the reign of King Edward II, In 1319, Bishop Halton allowed a chaplain there, on condition that he resided within his chapelry. It consists of the village of Wrea, which consist of twenty-one families, containing sixty males and fifty-four females. A. D. 1739, the chapel was consecrated by Bishop Flem∣ing; and by augmentations lands have been purchased, so that the curate's income amounts to about 20l. a-year, with a good house upon the lands. In the act of consecration, the nomination of a curate is reserved to the dean and chapter; but hitherto they have been appointed by the vestry men. ‖

Woodside, the seat of John Losh, Esq. adjoining this chapelry, the residence of his forefathers for many generations, is a handsome house and elegantly fur∣nished:

his extensive estate is in high cultivation. We owe him our grateful acknowledgements for the annexed plate which he has favoured us with.

There are two manors within this parish, viz. the manor of Botchardgate, or prior lordship, belonging to the dean and chapter, and the manor of Blackhall.

Botchardby, villa Bochardi, was the inheritance of one Bocharda Fleming, one of those that first peopled Carlisle; he had a grange there for the provi∣sion of his house at Carlisle; and when the Flemings went to Anglesea in Wales, he left that patrimony to Guy the forester, with his daughter Isold. To this Guy the hunter, King Henry I. confirmed Bochardby, to hold the same by cornage, paying yearly 6s. 2d. cornage silver to the king. It is gildable and vicontiel, and gives aid with Combquinton to the sheriff, yearly 4s. 4d. torn silver. It lineally descended in the issue male unto William, the son of Otho or Odan, son of Ralph, son of Guido the hunter, de Bochardby. This William lived in the time of King John, and held then the manor of him. Then Wil∣liam de Bochardby, and Adam de Bochardby, descended of younger brothers, held parts of the same. In the 12th year of King Henry III. Radulph, the son of William de Bochardby entered to the seigniory; his sisters, Alice, Pavy, and Agnes, were his heirs: Alice and Agnes gave their parts to Jacoline le Blond of Carlisle, and Pavy her part to Adam Leges her son, and to William, son of Irco. The five daughters of Jacoline did inherit, viz. Sunimote, Johan, Matild, Juhan, and Marriotte.—Bochard.—Guido Venator, and I sold his wife.—Ralph, son of Guy.—Odo, son of Ralph.—William, son of Odo.—Ralph, son of William.— Walter.—Adam.—Robert Parving.—Adam Parving, 3d Richard II.—Robert Parving.—William Stapleton.—William Stapleton.—Margaret Stapleton.— Musgrave.—Tho. Birkbeck.

—DENTON's MS.

Blackhall or Blackhill, commonly called Blackhell, is the name of the town and manor, so called of old, before it was inhabited; being a black heathy ground, part of the ancient forest of Englewood, and given by Henry I. to Odard de Logis, baron of Wigton, and citizen of Carlisle, after the Flemings were thence translated: Odard first builded there and planted habitations, holding part in demesne, and the residue in service; some free, which he granted forth to be holden freely; others in bondage and villanage, some both persons and land, some land only let to free men, persons, in that age, called Drenges; and the tenure, in law, is called, "Drengagium notandum est eos omnes eorum antecessores, qui Drengorum classe erant, vel per Drengagium tenure, sua in∣coluisse patrimonia ante adventum Normanorum.

—SPELMAN.

Blackhill, thus made a manor by Odardus and his posterity, descended by his issue male, according to the pedigree of Wigton, until the time of Edward III. when Margaret de Wigton, sole daughter and heir of Sir John de Wigton, Knt. (last issue male of the eldest son of that house) to defend her birth-right, was glad to divide away the manors of Blackhill, Melmerby, and Stainton, to Robert Parving, the king's serjeant at law, for her strength at the common law; the rectory of Wigton to the Abbey Holme, for the civil law; and Wigton itself to the Lord Anthony Lucy, for his help in the country, because her mother, Idyo∣nysa Lovelot, was bitterly taxed of incontinency, at the instance of Sir Richard Kirkbride, next heir male apparent to the land. But Margaret de Wigton re∣served an estate, in all things but the rectory, to the heirs of her body, and died without issue. Therefore Blackhill fell to Sir Robert Parving, who married dame Catharine, the sister of the said Kirkbride, to Adam Parving, alias Peacock, the son of John Peacock, who married Johan, one of the daughters and coheirs of the said Sir Robert Parving. After Adam, it descended in the blood of the Parvings some few descents, until Margaret, the wife of Thomas Boyt, and William Boyt his son, descended of the said Johan, and Matild Walker, the daughter of Alice Atwood and Thomas Whitlockman, son and heir of Marga∣ret Pape, daughters and heirs of Eme, wife of John Scaleby, the other daughter and heir of the said Robert Parving, sold the same to William Stapleton, and Marriotte his wife, of whom the Lord Dacre purchased it.

—DENTON's MS.

By the descendants of Lord Dacre, it was sold to Sir Christopher Musgrave, Bart. grandfather of the present owner, Sir John C. Musgrave, Bart.

In the parish of St. Mary is the manor of Caldcoates, alias Harrington House. It was Gilbert Camterelles, A. D. 1371, who left it to Julian his wife: she convey∣ed it to John Semen, and Isabel his wife, whose son, Thomas Semen, 26th Henry VI. sold it to Richard Coldale of Carlisle, merchant, from whom it descended as followeth; and from this Coldale, has got the name of Coldale-Hall:—John Coldale, son of Richard.—Richard, son of John.—John, son of Richard.—John —Richard, son of John.—Elianor, daughter and heir of Richard, carried the in∣heritance, by marriage, to Robert Briscoe, son and heir of Leo. Briscoe, second son of Richard Briscoe of Crofton.—George Briscoe, son and heir of Elianor and Robert, conveyed it to Henry Sibson, D. D. rector of Bewcastle.—Mary, daughter and heir of Henry Sibson, married Henry Dacre of Lanercost, who, conveyed it to Arthur Forster of Stonegarthside.—Nicholas Forster, son of Ar∣thur.—John Forster, cousin and heir of Arthur, recovered it at law from Hen. Forster, second son of Arthur.

—Milbourn's Add. to Denton.

We come in course to speak of the city of Carlisle: It consists of several streets, the chief of which are spacious, noble, and well built.—For their names, &c. see the plan annexed.

This city had many royal grants, and great privileges: the first that is pointed out, is that of King Henry II. which was burnt by the devastations made by the Scots, and is recited and confirmed by the charter of King Henry III. It doth not appear when the first incorporation of the burgesses took place, or what was the original constitution. In the charter of King Henry III. we have these words,

Et quod similiter habent Gildain mercatoriam liberam, ita quod nihil inde re∣spondeant aliquibus; etc. Nos omnes libertates illas et consuetudinos praefatis civibus nostris concedimus et hac carta nostra confirmanus pro nobis et haeredi∣bus nostris; volentes, quod omnibus praedictis libertatibus et consuetudinibus de caetera gaudeant et utantur, libere, quiete, bene et in pace; et integre, in per∣petuum, cum omnibus aliis libertatibus et liberis consuetudinibus ad praedictam villam Carlioli pertinentibus.

By this charter the citizens were exempted from the payment of toll, passage, pontage, and all customs belonging to the king; with the privilege of having wood for fuel, and for their erections within the forest of Carlisle.

Great part of the city having again suffered by accidental fire, the records were a second time destroyed. King Edward I. in the 21st year of his reign, by charter, dated the 23d day of June, recites the grant of King Henry III. from the inroll∣ment of it in his chancery, and stating that it had been lost by fire, confirmed it verbatim. In consequence of his Scotch expeditions, he resided frequently at Carlisle, and seems to have entertained a particular regard for the place, by his honouring the city with the assembly of his parliament in the 35th year of his reign; who made their residence there, from the 20th day of January to Palm Sunday following. The memorable acts of this parliament give no small lustre to our annals.

King Edward III. also seems to have entertained a special affection and favour towards the citizens; and in order to secure to the burgesses their privileges, he caused an inquisition to be taken, whereon he should found his charter of confir∣mation, which bears date the 7th of February, in the 22d year of his reign of England, and 13th of France. Therein it is recited, that it having been found by inquisition taken by his commissioners, Richard de Denton and John de Harring∣ton, and returned into his chancery, that the citizens,

habuerunt et habere con∣sueverunt a tempore quo non existit memoria,

had, and were used to have, the privileges therein set forth, for time immemorial, on the petition of the citizens;

ac etiam cives civitatis praedicta nobis supplicaverunt, ut sibi dictas libertates, quietantias, consuetudines et proficua per chartam nostram confirmare velimus.

And in consideration of its being in the frontier of Scotland, and well situated for the refuge and desence of the inhabitants of the adjacent territories, against the frequent incursions of the Scots: and also, in commiseration of the late dreadful mortality of the plague, and the frequent devastations made by the northern ene∣my,

he granted to them the following privileges,

Quod ipsi et eorum haeredes et successores, cives civitatis praedide, in perpetuum habeant returnam brevium omnium nostrorum et summonitionum de scaccario et aliorum brevium quo∣rumcunque; ac etiam duos mercatus singulis septimanis, videlicet diebus Mer∣curii et Sabbati; et unam feriam quolibet anno per sex decim dies duraturam, viz. in die assumptionis Bea••ae Mariae et per 15 dies proxime sequentes: nec non unam gildam et liberam electionem majoris et ballivorum civitatis praedictae infra eandem civitatem; et duos coronatores ibidem; ac emendas assisae panis, vini, et cervisiae fractae; fureas, infangtheos ac etiam placita coronae teneant, et omnia quae ad officium vicecomitis et coronatoris pertinent, in eadem civitate facient et exercient; ac catalla felonium et fugitivorum dampnatorum, in eadem civitate habeant; et de omnibus finibus et amerciamentis, comitatibus et sectis comitatuum, et Wapentak, sint quieti; placitaque frisciae forciae de libero tene∣mento infra civitatem illam, si querela illa infra quadraginto dies post disseisinam factam fuerit attachiata, teneant. etiamque quod ballivi civitatis ejusdem im∣placitare possint coram ipsis breve nostrum de recto patens, ac breve de recto clausum, secundum consuetudinem civitatis praedictae; et habeant cognitiones omnium placitorum praedictorum: nec non quod dicti cives et haeredis et suc∣cessores sui habeant communam pasturae, ad omnimoda averia, omni tempore anni, super moram nostram, et ibidem turbas fodere et abducere licite: etiam quod quilibet liber homo pleguis alterius esse potest ad primam curiam in pla∣citis transgressionum, conventionum, et debitorum: quod civis praedicti quieti sint perpetutum regnum nostrum Angliae de thelonio, pontagio, passagio, lastagio, kaiagio, cariagio, muragio, et stallagio, de quibus cunque rebus et mercionibus suis: et etiam quod idem cives habeant locum vocatum le Battail holme, pro mercato et seriis suis; ac tenementa sua in eadem civitate legare possint: et quod habeant molendinum dictae civitatis, &c. piscariam, nostram in aqua de Eden, ac thelonium intrisicum et forinsicum vocatum. Burgh toll, et firmas mensuras, Gabelgeld, et minutas frimas ejusdem civitatis, ut parcellum frimae civitatis illius; prout ipsi cives dictas libertates et quietantius habere, et molendinum piscariam pasturam fossman et locum cum pertinentiis tenere debent, ipsique cives et antecessores et praedecessores sui a tempore, cujus contrarium memoria non existit semper, &c.

By the recitals of this grant it seems, that preceding it, and even for time im∣memorial, the city had been governed by a mayor, bailiffs, and coroners; but when this body politic had its commencement, there is no evidence that we have yet met with.

King Richard II. in the 5th year of his reign, granted them a confirmatory charter.

In consequence of the spoil and devastation, made by the armies of Margaret, Queen of England, and Henry Duke of Exeter her adherent, the city obtained from King Edward IV. a relaxation of one half of the fee-farm rent of eighty pounds yearly, paid to the crown; and also gained a grant of the king's fisheries of Car∣lisle, in some records called the Sheriff's Net; in others, under the denomination of the fishery of Frith Net, in the water of Eden.

The rights and privileges of the city were confirmed by several charters of King Henry VII. 3d year of his reign; King Henry VIII. 1st, King Edward VI. 5th, Queen Elizabeth, and King James I. 2d.

King Charles I. in the 13th year of his reign, confirmed the preceding grants of privileges, reforming only the election of mayors, bailiffs, and coroners: this body corporate then, consisting of a mayor, eleven aldermen, two bailiffs, two coroners, and twenty-four capital citizens or common council, were ordered to proceed to election in the following manner:

The mayor, aldermen, bailiffs, and twenty-four capiral citizens, or the major part of them, in Guild-Hall assembled, on the Monday next after Michaelmas-day, shall have power to chuse annually one of the aldermen to be mayor; and in case of an equality, the mayor to have a casting vote; and the mayor so chosen shall be sworn into his office by the last mayor, if he be living; otherwise by the aldermen or major part of them; and shall continue therein 'till another shall be chosen and sworn. In like manner, the two bailiffs and two coroners, annually shall be chosen and sworn.

‡

This city sends members to parliament, who are elected by the free burgesses, about seven hundred in number. According to Prynne, the first members for Carlisle were called in the thirtieth year of the reign of King Edward I. but Ni∣cholson and Burn give the names of members in the parliament of the 23d of that reign.

In the reign of King Henry VI. assizes began to be held in the city of Carlisle, for the county of Cumberland, by virtue of a special act, made in the 14th year of that king.

There was an ancient hospital without the gates of the city, dedicated to St. Nicholas, and said to be of royal foundation, though by what sovereign is not known; it was instituted for the reception of thirteen lepers, of both sexes. In the year 1180, it was endowed with a moiety of the tithes of Little Bampton, by Adam, son of Robert, on condition that it should constantly receive two almsmen from thence. In the year 1336, the master brought a prohibition against the

bishop to prevent his visitation, on an allegation of the hospital being a royal foundation. In 1371, the master, brethren, and sisters, lodged a complaint, that the house was defrauded of a great part of its revenues, on which the bishop issued a monition, with the terrors of the greater excommunication, against all persons who detained the corn, or other dues appertaining to this hospital.

It was granted to the prior and convent of the cathedral church here, 17th K. Edward IV. and afterwards 33d Henry VIII. made part of the endowment of the dean and chapter,

under whom the site of the hospital is now held by lease. †

There was a house of Grey or Franciscan Friers in Carlisle, before the year 1390; but what was the endowment, or who was the founder, is not pointed out by any historian. ‡

There was also here,

a house of Black Friers, founded before the 53d King Henry III.

§ touching whom, we remain as much in the dark, as we are relative to the other. All that Leland says of these two monasteries is,

Ther is yn the towne, a chapel of St. Albane, and also within the walles ii houses of freres, blake and gray.

The chief pieces of antiquity which have been discovered here, or are yet pre∣served, are the following:—

The Triclinium of Roman work spoken of by Malmsbury, a spacious hall for public festivals, is now so perfectly destroyed, as not even to have left the site, or one memorial where it stood, remaining. In Leland's Collectania, vol. II. p. 257. it is mentioned, † from its admirable construction, and strong arched work of stone, it had endured all the casualties of many ages. The inscription, said to be cut on the front of this building, has exercised the attention of antiquaries.— Camden's words are,

On the front of it was this inscription, Marti victoriae: some will have this Marius to be Arnagus, the Britain; others, the Marius who was saluted emperor in opposition to Gallienus; and is said to have been so very strong, that authors tell us, he had only nerves and no veins in his fingers: yet I have heard that some copies have it, not Marii victoriae, but Marti victori, which latter may probably be favoured by some, as seeming to come nearer the truth.

As no vestige remains of this piece of antiquity, we must rest contented with the uncertainty, in which Camden and his editor have left us, relative to it.

Other two Roman remains are mentioned by Camden, which he says he saw here; one in the house of Thomas Aglionby, near the citadel, but not ancient.

• DIIS MANIBV
• SMARCITROIANI
• AVGVSTINIANITVMTA
• CIENDVMCVRAVIT
• AFEL AMMILVSIMA
• CONIVX KARISS.

To which was joined the effigies of an armed horseman with a lance. The other in the garden of Thomas Middleton, in a large and beautiful character.

• LEGVI
• VIC.P.F
• G.P.RF.

These inscriptions have long been removed, and it is not now known, whether they are yet preserved, or where they are now deposited.

The following inscription is on a stone, two feet five inches long, twelve feet broad at one end, and nine at the other, and was found in digging Mr. Benson's cellar, in the year 1744, six feet under ground

‡

The reading of this inscription was given in a succeeding Magazine, under the known signature of the learned antiquary, Mr. Pegg:

I read (it) thus, Deor de Torci Mil. and explain it, Deor, or perhaps, Theor de Torci Knt. De Forcy or Forci, was one of the great men that came into England with William the Conqueror, (see the Roll of Battle Abbey) and the family continued here, flourish∣ing long after.

From the Manuscripts of the late ROGER GALE, Esq.—Extract of a Letter from Mr. THOMAS ROUTH.

Last week in digging a pitt, to receive the water of a drain, from a cellar in the gardens of Jerom Tully, Esq. in this city, at the depth of between three and four yards, was found a Roman fibula and a medal, and likewise two oaken pieces of the joining timber of a house, which appeared to have been burnt. The head on the medal is of Trajan, the letters left round it IANOAVG.....PM the others defaced. On the reverse, is the emperor seated on a pile of arms, with a trophy erected before him, the legible letters being S.P.Q.R. OPTI... .. in the exergue S.C. The earth, nigh as far as they dug, is all forced, which is the reason that few or no pieces of antiquity are met with here, except they dig to a considerable depth.

CARLISLE, April 13th, 1743.

Extract of a Letter from Mr. RICHARD GOODMAN, Keeper of Carlisle Goal, dated 22d of July, 1728.

The figure of a crescent I here send you, is sufficient to let you see what it is. It is of copper, found in digging a cellar opposite to the Bush-Inn here. It lay about nine feet deep: as I looked upon it to be a choice piece of antiquity, I have procured the original for you: I take it to be a symbol of Isis, and also wore by other gods. The shank or stem, by which it was stuck into the figure or standard is very strong, and has a hole for a pin to fasten it; from which shank, arises a ring on the backside, which is also very strong, and will take in a man's finger. I presume it might be to fasten some parts of the garb or for what other use, I beg your thoughts.

Extract from Mr. GALE's Answer.

As for the brass plate you sent me, it seems to be nothing but an ornament belonging to the trappings of a horse, and might have hung before his breast, by the ring on the backside of it. The hole through the shank has been for fastening a drop or pendant to it, as a further ornament.

In opening a gravel pitt lately, on the side of a hill, in the parish of Stanwix, just without the suburbs of Carlisle, a stratum of bones were discovered, at about a yard below the surface, lying about a foot thick in most parts, and stretching the whole length of the pit, which I apprehend to be near twenty feet. I exa∣mined the spot, and found divers fragments of Roman pottery ware, intermixed with the bones. They are, I think, the bones of horses, and might, perhaps,

have been buried after an engagement between the Romans and Picts; but it is not so easy to account for the fragments of pottery, &c. which were found in great numbers intermixed with them.

N. B. The Picts Wall ran within less than half a mile of the spot where these bones were found.

—Dated Dec. 18th, 1765, (signed) C. LYTTLETON.

In the Archaeologia, is published accounts of stone hatchets found at Carlisle, with a learned treatise thereon; and to which we refer the curious reader.

If we may presume to offer our sentiments on these subjects, after the learned antiquaries have so elaborately expatiated thereon, without the appearance of arrogance and presumption, we would suggest, that the bones mentioned by the bishop, mixed with the fragments of the patarae, were the remains of sacrifice: when the ordinary receptacle was cleaned out, this has been the general repository. If these were the remains of animals slain in battle, the mixture is not to be reconciled; and it was more than such occasion would have required to clear them from the bones of men slain at the same time. The learned inquirer did not dis∣cover any remains of broken trapping, studings, or ornaments of horses, or men accoutrements. The hammers, or stone hatchets, seem very unfit for weapons of warfare, unweildy, and uncouth: if they had been in use in battle, some testimony would have been given of them; and they would not have been totally disused, one might presume, at the coming of the Romans, but would have been exhibited as trophies, or otherwise as testimonies of the valour of British heroes, the ancstors of those who appeared armed against the invaders, in the most sacred cause of war, the defence of liberty, and their country; and the maintenance of the established religion. We have received no account of such weapons then in use. As domestic utensils, it is not probable they would have been secreted with such care, or de∣posited with such solemnity, as even to support the head of the deceased owner in the sepulchre. Could we imagine the friends of any personage, who was to be interred with the funeral pomp of a tumulus, would busy themselves with giving the deceased labourer his beetle with him, for the regions of death We humbly conceive this was a sacred implement in the possession of the heathen priest, with which he prepared the sacrifice: we have innumerable relations, of the abhorrence the ancients had, of their sacred things and places being polluted by strangers; and thence we trace the cause of these flints being concealed. All degrees of reli∣gious, in remote ages, took great precaution to bury, with the consecrated minister, the instruments of his office, and that was followed in the practice of the ancient Romish church. The sacred securis of the British priest, was the first emblem of his function, and the properest ornament to be placed with his remains in the tomb. The remnants of British priests were driven into Scotland by the arms of Rome; there they longest retained their ancient rites and religion, and there those instruments of the ancient priesthood have been most frequently found. †

Carlisle, from its situation, was continually subject to the distress of warsare, in the several irruptions of the Scots; and frequently was taken from the English. The border wars were prosecuted with a degree of ferocity and savage barbarity, disgraceful to humanity, and horrid in history.

Among the various incidents in the history of Carlisle, the following are the most material.

So soon, after the fortifications were constructed, as the beginning of the reign of King Stephen, David King of Scotland, in the first year of his reign, entered into England, and took possession of this city. Stephen, on receiving the news, is said to have exclaimed, "Quae dolose cepit victoriose recipiam;" but this weak prince, so far from performing what he boasted, made a cession of the whole county to the Scots. †

In the year 1138, King David of Scotland, made this city the place of his re∣treat, after his dreadful overthrow at the battle of the Standard. And here he re∣ceived Alberic the pope's legate, by whose influence, all the women captives were brought to Carlisle and set at liberty. He obtained from the Scotch leaders, a solemn promise, that in future incursions, they would spare the churches, and with hold their swords from the aged, from women and infants: an injunction which humanity dictated, but which the savage customs of the contending nati∣ons had not admitted into the modes of warfare.

Henry, eldest son of the empress Maud, came to David at Carlisle, attended by the great barons of the western parts of England, and received the order of knight∣hood

with much pomp and ceremony; the young prince then taking an oath, that on his accession to the crown of England, he would confirm to David and his son, their English possessions: but such are the oaths of princes! Henry no sooner grasped the sceptre, than he demanded of the Scotch regency, restitution of Cum∣berland: and in 1158, the two monarchs had an interview in this city; but much dissention arose, and the claim of the English monarch was not complied with. † The English obtained and held quiet possession, till after the accession of William the Lion, who succeeded Malcome on the throne of Scotland: he, in the year 1173, made a fruitless assault upon Carlisle; but in the ensuing year, returning with an army of 80,000 men, he commenced a regular siege, the city being defended by Robert de Vaux; after laying before it some time, the Scotch forces formed a blockade, to give liberty for withdrawing part of the army, to ravage and waste the adjacent country: the garrison were reduced to great distress for want of pro∣vision, and came to a conditional capitulation, that if they did not receive succours from the English before Michaelmas, they would surrender the place; but the succeeding events prevented the capitulation being carried into effect, and Wil∣liam's being made prisoner at Alnwick, put an end to the disasters of the war. The greatest part of the city suffered by fire in this reign, and the records and charters were destroyed. §

In the reign of King John, Alexander, King of Scotland, entered England, and besieging Carlisle, took it: but he could not reduce the castle, which remained in the hands of the English.

King Henry III. made Robert de Veteripont, governor of this castle and city.

The city suffered greatly by an accidental fire in the year 1292, in which con∣flagration, great part of the cathedral was destroyed, and all the records which the city and convent had procured to be renewed, were also burnt, In the chronicle of Lanercost, is a full account of the dreadful devastations made by this fire.

In 1296, the Scots entered the western march, and having laid the country waste as they approached Carlisle, they burnt the suburbs, and attempted to take the city by storm; but the inhabitants made so brave a defence, even the women mounting the walls, discharging stones, boiling water, and other things on the assailants, that they abandoned their enterprize, and retreated to their own country.

By an entry in the old register book of the abbey, it appears that on the 4th June, 32d King Edward I. half the city was burnt down, as far as the gate of Richardby.

King Edward I. resided here from the 30th of January, in the 35th year of his reign, to the 28th of June, when he proceeded on his last expedition towards Scotland, and died in his camp at Brugh on Sands.

In the 9th year of the reign of King Edward II. Robert Brus, King of Scotland, on his incursion laid waste the country as far as Allerdale and Coupland in this county: he besieged Carlisle in a regular form, by engines and other warlike modes, for ten days, and at length was obliged to withdraw his troops in great precipitation, leaving behind them most of their instruments of war. They were hotly pursued by the English; and two of the Scottish leaders, John de Moravia and Sir Robert Bardolph, were taken prisoners, and afterwards ransomed.

In the 15th year of King Edward II. Andrew Harcla, Earl of Carlisle, was seized in the castle, and suffered as a traitor. This action was so gallant, that it appears worth repeating here: the earl was publicly proclaimed a traitor, by the king's command, Anthony, Lord Lucy, was sent to apprehend him. Hav∣ing dispersed his party in the city to prevent suspicion, Lord Lucy, with a few attendants, entered the castle, as having business with the earl: his principal asso∣ciates in this enterprize, were Sir Hugh de Louther, Sir Richard de Denton, and Sir Hugh de Morriceby, with four esquires in arms: the party, to whom the design was communicated, had signals appointed to them for their conduct in the business; and as the knights passed each gate, a number of men halted, as if care∣lessly loitering for want of immediate employment; but with an intention to guard the pass, prevent escapes, and to be at hand to lend their aid if occasion re∣quired. The four chiefs, with their esquires, passed into the innermost, and most secure parts of the castle, even through the great hall, to the earl's private apart∣ment; where, finding him sitting in an unsuspicious manner, Lord Lucy accosted him, requiring him to surrender or defend himself; a cry of treason immediately echoed through the castle, and the keeper of the inner gate prepared to shut it, but was instantly slain by Sir Richard Denton. The watch-word being given, the parties formed into bodies, took possession of the gates and avenues, and the earl, with the whole garrison, surrendered without further bloodshed. The chief pri∣soner was put into safe durance till the king's pleasure relative to him should be known.

In the eleventh year of King Edward III. the Scots laid siege to the city of Carlisle, † and burnt the suburbs with the hospital of St. Leonards; but the city held out.

Sir William Douglas of Lochmaben was kept in irons in the castle; (an uncom∣mon act of severity towards a prisoner of war) but he was esteemed so enterpriz∣ing and dangerous an enemy by King Edward III. that this was done at his special command.

In the year 1345, Penrith and Carlisle were burnt by the Scots, under the com∣mand of Sir William Douglas. A body of the Scotch forces, headed by Sir Alexander Strachan, detached for foraging, were intercepted; and Sir Alexander was slain by Sir Robert Ogle, who ran him through the body with his lance. Bishop Kirby, the eleventh bishop of this diocese, signalized himself in this rencounter; for being dismounted, and in imminent danger of being made a prisoner; he fought with uncommon bravery, recovered his horse, and by his valour and animating exhortations, he spirited up his party, rallied them frequently, and brought them again to the sight, to which the victory was deservedly attributed.

In the sixth year of the reign of King Richard II. the Scots sent forth a plun∣dering band, who ravaged the forest of Inglewood, sacked Penrith at the time of the fair, and returned with a vast booty; having gained, as Hollingshead says, a drove of 40,000 head of cattle.

In the 29th year of King Henry VIII's reign, during Aske's rebellion, Carlisle was besieged by 8000 men, under the command of Musgrave and Tilby, partizans in that affair, but they were repulsed by the garrison; and as they were retiring, were intercepted by the Duke of Norfolk and his troops, who took all the leaders prisoners, except Musgrave; those, with about seventy others, he ordered to im∣mediate execution, and hung them on the city walls.

In the 40th and 41st years of Queen Eilzabeth's reign, this place suffered a dreadful visitation by the plague, in which their died 1196 persons, being com∣puted to be one third of the whole inhabitants. It also raged in the adjacent country with a great mortality, as was mentioned when we spoke of Salkeld and Penrith: for the relief of the diseased poor, contributions were raised for the city, to the amount of 209l. 9s. 10d.

In the twentieth year of the reign of King Charles I. A. D. 1644, this place was surrendered to the parliament forces commanded by Lesley, having sustained a siege and blockade from the 9th of October to June following; during which, the distress of the garrison and inhabitants was so great, that the flesh of horses, dogs, and rats were eaten. Bread was so totally exhausted, that hemp-seed was substi∣tuted, so long as any was found in the place. Great assistance was given by the country, when provisions could be thrown in, to the amount in value of 463l. 10s. procured by private subscriptions. On surrender, honourable terms of capitula∣tion were obtained, both for the military with honours of war, as also for the in∣habitants their liberties and properties.

A coinage of silver pieces of three shillings value took place in the castle during the siege, from the plate of the inhabitants, sent in for that purpose. They are become very scarce, and bear a considerable price with the curious.

The last hostile acts, of which Carlisle was the scene, were those in the Scotch rebellion, 1745. It surrendered to the chevalier on the 14th of November, who lay before it with his whole army. The gazette account of this event, said that for seven days before, neither the officers nor the common men of the garrison got scarce an hour's rest, being perpetually under alarms; that many were so sick through their great fatigue, that being out of all hopes of speedy relief, they absolutely refused to hold out any longer, and multitudes went off every hour over the walls; some of whom fell into the hands of the rebels, till the officers of several companies were at last left with three or four men; so that the mayor and corpo∣ration determined to hang out a white flag (though contrary to the opinion and protestation of Colonel Durand) and made the best terms they could get for them∣selves: that the colonel was thereupon obliged to abandon the castle, not having above seventy invalids in his whole corps, and most of them unfit for service: the rebels threatening, in case of refusal, to sack and destroy the whole town with fire and sword." † The town raised 2000l. to save the houses from being plundered.

[figure]

His Royal Highness, the late Duke of Cumberland, was in person before Car∣lisle in the month of December following, and planned the attack. On the 27th of that month his troops opened a battery of six eighteen pounders, against the four gun battery of the castle, his Highness putting the match to the first gun; and here he narrowly escaped a cannon shot from the enemy, falling within a yard of him. On the 29th the rebels displayed a flag of truce, and on the thirtieth they accepted the concise terms offered them by his Highness.

All the terms his Royal Highness will, or can grant to the rebel garrison of Carlisle, are, that they shall not be put to the sword, but be reserved for the king's pleasure.

Of the Manchester regiment that surrendered prisoners, there were one colonel, five captains, six lieutenants, seven ensigns, one adjutant, and ninety-three non-commissioned officers, drummers and private men. Of the Scotch, the governor, one surgeon, six captains, seven lieutenants, and three ensigns, with 256 non-commissioned offi∣cers, drummers and private men. Of those who said they were in the French service, three officers, one serjeant, and four private men. There was one extra∣ordinary prisoner, the Rev. James Cappock, a Lancashire man, made bishop of Carlisle, by the chevalier, on his first entry. ‡

The tillage land here bears good crops of wheat, rye, barley, and oats. The mea∣dows are rich, some lands letting from 4l. to 5l. an acre, and upwards. The sheep and cattle are much superior to the more hilly parts; as a spirit of improving the breed, and obtaining better fleeced sheep is appearing, to the great improvement of the country. The chief manufactory of Carlisle, is in printed cottons, of which there are four very large works, carried to high excellence and perfection, which bring yearly 24,000l. in duties to the crown; supporting a vast multitude of in∣dustrious people, of all ages and sexes; much of the pencil work being executed by girls. It is a sight the traveller should not omit, and the generosity of the proprietors is singular, for they give permission to shew every branch of the ma∣nufactory, from the shop where the block-cutters carve the pattern, to the dressing house and calender. There are several manufactories of checks, calicoes, muslins, and fancy goods: also, an extensive cotton-spinning manufactory, a soap boilery, several tallow-chandlers, tanners, skinners, and curriers. Carlisle is likewise noted for making hats, whips, and fish-hooks.—For further particulars see the succeeding pages.

The market of Carlisle is supplied abundantly; the mutton and beef are of excellent flavour; wild-fowl abounds, and there is a profusion and variety of fish exposed here to sale, not to be excelled in any market in Britain: the salmon and trout are incomparable; the river fish, and those of the lakes, are peculiar and abundant. In a few words, the man of epicurean appetite, who would study the indulgence of his palate, may find in this market a variety of dainties, not to be so generally enjoyed in any other part of England.

Notes

• It comprehends Scotch-street, Fisher-street, Castle-street, and Abbey-street, within the city; Cal∣dewgate, Cumbersdale, Richardgate, Newtown, and Newby without.
• ‡

  By virtue of a commission issued from the court of exchequer, 1610; the boundaries were thus certified by the commissioners. Beginning at the south side of the river Eden over against Etterby, and there leaving the same river, it extendeth southwards by Wearihome unto Dowbeck-sike the lands on the right hand being the inheritance of Mr. Briscoe; from thence it extendeth eastwards against bishops lands to the river of Caldew or Caldew-bridge; where crossing over the same bridge against Caldew∣gate, it extendeth up the river against the abbey lands and Denton-holme, until it cometh to a parcel of Denton-Holme, lying on the west side of Caldew, containing about nine acres of land, where it leaveth the river and incloseth the same parcel of land, on the west side thereof, on the river side against the south west corner of the Walk-miln closes; and so crossing over the river and leaving the same, it ex∣tendeth southwards towards Curreck, by the west side of the fields of Blackall, Curreck and Uprightby; and so about the same fields to a cross way of the west end of Uprightby town; and so southwards by the high way to Crunybeck, which falleth into the river of Petrell, and there leaving the same way, it extendeth down the same beck to Petrell; and from it turneth northwards down the same river to the south east corner of Paradise, where, crossing the river and leaving it, it goeth down a small miln water on the south side of Paradise, and incloseth the same at Gallows bridge; from whence, crossing over the high way it incloseth part of the Spittle Crook lying on the south side of Petrell; and so extendeth still down Petrell to the foot thereof, where the same falleth into Eden; from thence up over the said river of Eden to the foot of a beck falling thereunto against Kynnyholme, and so up the same beck on the west side of Richardby to the north-west corner of Stanwix grounds; then leaving the same beck it extendeth northwards to the highway leading from Carlisle to Tirraby; and so crossing over the same way, it passeth on the north side of Horsemanfield to the north west corner thereof, and from thence extendeth southwards to a highway dividing Horsemanfield and the west part of Stanwix; and so crossing the same way, it extendeth on the west side of Stanwix to the river of Eden, and from thence down the same river to Etterby, where it first began.
• §

  It comprehends English street within the city, and Botchardgate, Carleton, Brisco, Uprightby, Harraby, and Blackhill without.
• ‖

  In 1728 Philip Robinson—1731 David Graham—1733 John Parker—1738 Joseph Parker, who was a celebrated schoolmaster.—Mr. Gascoin.

  We extract the following account of a relation of this family, from a newspaper, dated September the 3d, A. D. 1733.
• "On Thursday last died at Gordon Castle of the small pox, in the 26th year of his age, the Rev. Mr. William Losh, senior, Taberder of Queen's College Oxford, and chaplain to her grace the duchess of Gordon. He was a gentleman of the brightest parts, and had made great advances in all the branches of polite and solid learning that could well be expected at his years. He was blest with so sweet and humane a disposition, that the common accidents of life gave him no lasting disquiet, nor interrupted that universal benevolence, which, with him, diffused itself in a proportionable scale of duty from the whole body of mankind to the meanest stranger. This benign disposition made him the constant advocate of the rights and priviledges of the human species, in opposition to tyranny and oppression; these he maintain∣ed, upon all occasions, with a warmth and spirit which well became a British subject. He had many good qualities, but was eminent for piety; and as he drew from religion an unbroken peace of mind, a solid satisfaction, and an unsurmountable courage; in return, he cultivated religion in the province assigned to him with indefatigable industry, and a zeal undaunted, but such as was founded on scripture, and sup∣ported by reason.

  "With all these endowments, he lived the agreeable companion of the ingenious, the faithful friend of the virtuous, and the brother of the truly religious, as well as the terror of the hypocrite, the super∣stitious and the prophane. He was bright at all times, but he shone in the pulpit, when he pleaded the cause of truth, with such a strength of reason, and such a flow of eloquence, that his hearers were at once convinced and charmed.

  "He died in the very spring of his age, and but in the blossom of his virtues, yet he discovered enough to make it evident, that had he lived to shew himself in the rising stages of life, his great and uncommon endowments would have rendered him dear to the polite, the learned, and the religious; and his death would have been as justly regretted by the public, as it is at present by those who had the happiness of knowing him."
• In the year 1698, Thomas, Earl of Sussex, in consideration of 36 years ancient sinable rent, granted to the tenants, 48 in number, a discharge from fines and dry multure, with the wood upon their tenements; but reserving the ancient rent, suit of court, Moor Farm, and Greenhew; with liberty to alienate their tenements without licence of the lord, giving notice thereof within 40 days; paying only a penny sine on death or alienation, and to the steward for an alienation, fourpence: and for surrender and copy thereof, 6d; and inrolment 4d. and 2d. to the bailiff upon every descent or alienation; and about the same time the common was divided and granted in see to the tenants without any rent reserved, the lord having 150 acres for his share in land, which is now called Blackhill Park, and is the inheritance of Mr. Wardale of Carlisle.
• ‡

  A body corporate and polite, by the name of the mayor, aldermen, bailiff's, and citizens of the city of Carlisle; to have a common seal.

  On the death of an alderman, the mayor and surviving aldermen, or the major part of them, in Guildhall assembled, shall chuse another who shall be sworn by the mayor and continue for life.

  Capital citizen dying, or for just cause removed by the mayor and aldermen, they shall chuse and swear another.

  Mayor chosen and refusing to act, shall pay a fine not exceeding 20l. one of the 24 citizens chosen alderman refusing, 10l. Bailiff, 5l. citizen 5l.

  The recorder to be chosen by the whole corporate body, to continue during pleasure.

  Town Clerk so to be chosen.

  A sword bearer and three serjeants at mace to execute process.—The sword bearer and one serjeant chosen by the new mayor, the other two by the remaining part of the body corporate.

  The corporate body may make by-laws, to be enforced by corporal or pecuniary penalties.

  The mayor, recorder, and two senior aldermen to be justices of the peace.

  The mayor clerk of the market, with power to execute the office by deputy.
• Prynne brevia parl. rediviva p. 194.

  Cumbria. Karliol civitas anno. 30 Edw. I.

  • Edw. II.—12, 4, 5, 7, 8, ap. Spald, 12, 19, 20. 3 ap. Stanhope.
  • Edw. III.—1, 2. ap. Wig. 2. ap. ••b. 6, ap. West 6, ap. Eb. 7, 2, 11. ap. West. 11, 12, ap. Walton, 12, 14, 14. ap Herewy••. 15. ap. Woodst. 17, 21, 22, 24, 26, 29, 31, 33, 34, 34, 36 37, 38, 39, 42, 43 45, 46, 47, 50.
  • Rich. II.—2, 3, 5, 6, 7, twice 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 20, 21.
  • Hen. IV.—1, 3. 8.
  • Hen. VI.—1, 3, 5, 20, 25, 27, 28, 29, 33, per ind. 28 per ind.
  • Edw. IV.—6, per ind. 12 per ind.—In all 82.

  View Page 65

  BURGESSES FOR THE CITY OF CARLISLE. King Edward I.

  • 23 Robert de Grenesdale—Andrew de Seller.
  • 30 Henry le Spencer—Andrew Serjeant.
  • 33 Robert de Grenesdale—Alan de Grenesdale.
  • 34 Alan de Grenesdale—*************

  King Edward II.

  • 1 Andrew Serjeant—Richard de Hubrickby
  • 2 William Fitz Inting—Robert Grenesdale.
  • 4 John de Crostone—William Fitz Henry.
  • 5 Alan de Grenesdale—William Fitz Peter.
  • — Alan de Grenesdale—William de Taillour.
  • 7 Robert Grenesdale—John Winton.
  • 8 Robert Grenesdale—Bernard Lecatour.
  • 12 Robert Grenesdale—Bernard Poulter.
  • — Robert Grenesdale—Richard Fitz Ivo.
  • 15 John de Wilton—Thomas de Calston.
  • 20 John Fleming—Nicholas le Despencer.

  King Edward. III.

  • 1 John Fleming—Robert de Grenesdale.
  • — Alan de Grenesdale—John de Capella.
  • — Robert de Grenesdale—Alan de Grenesdale.
  • — John de Haverington—Simon de Sandford.
  • 2 Robert Grenesdale—John de Harding.
  • 4 John Haverington—Robert de Grundon.
  • 6 John Haverington—Simon Sandford.
  • 7 John Fleming—Adam Crofton.
  • 8 John de Pickering—Henry Pepir.
  • — John Fleming—Adam Crofton.
  • 9 Thomas Hardull—Thomas Friskington.
  • — John de Exlington—Thomas Northsell.
  • 11 Thomas de Pardishow—Giles de Orreton.
  • — John de Denton—Adam Brighton.
  • 12 Thomas de Pardishow—Giles de Orreton.
  • — John de Exlington—Thomas de Bardgit.
  • — Robert Grenesdale—William Fitz Ivo.
  • — Thomas Baron—Thomas de Tressington.
  • 14 John Fleming—Adam Crofton.
  • — William Fitz Henry—Henry le Spencer.
  • 15 Thomas Hargil—John Fleming.
  • 17 John Chapel—William Chapel.
  • 21 Adam Crofton—Robert Tebay.
  • 22 Adam Crofton—Thomas Appleby.
  • 24 Robert Tebay—John de Haghton.
  • 29 William Arture—Thomas Stanley.
  • 31 Thomas Alaynby—William Spencer.
  • 34 John de Thorneton—Adam de Aglionby.
  • 36 William Arthureth—William Spencer.
  • 37 Adam Halden—William Spencer.
  • 38 William Arthureth—Richard Loudon.
  • 39 Richard Orfeur—William Clifton.
  • 42 Adam Aglionby—William de Clifford.
  • 43 William Arthureth—John de Waverton.
  • 45 John de Whitlawe—
  • 46 William Raughton—William Carlisle.
  • 47 Thoms Tayleur—Richard Denton.
  • 50 Richard Denton—John de Burgh.
  • 51 Richard Denton—John de Brugh.

  King Richard II.

  • 2 Robert Carlisle—John Levington.
  • 3 Robert Carlisle—Parker.
  • 6 William Osmunderlaw—John Skelton.
  • 7 Richard Loudon—John de Appleby.
  • — Stephen de Carlisle—Thomas Bolton.
  • 8 Richard Loudon—John Blennerhasset.
  • 9 William Aglionby—John Gernot.
  • 10 Adam de Denton—Robert de Bristow.
  • 11 Robert de Carlisle—William Aglionby.
  • 12 John de Corkeley—Nicholas Leveston.
  • 13 Adam de Kirkbride.—
  • 15 John Monceaux—Robert Bristow.
  • 16 John Roddesdale—John de Wek.
  • 18 John de Brugham—John Monceaux.
  • 20 John Helton—John Brugham.
  • 21 Robert Bristow—John Bristow.

  King Henry IV.

  • 1 John Helton—Robert Bristowe.
  • 3 Thomas Bolton—Robert Bristowe.
  • 8 Thomas de Darle—William Mulcastre.

  View Page 66

  King Henry V.

  • 1 Robert de Carlisle—Ralph Blennerhasset.
  • 2 Robert de Carlisle—William Cardoyll.
  • 3 Robert Lancastre—William Bell.
  • 5 Robert Carlisle—William de Cardoyll.
  • 9 William Manchestre—John Thompson.

  King Henry VI.

  • 1 Robert Cardoyll—Richard Gray
  • 6 John Helton—William de Camberton.
  • 8 Thomas Derwent—Adam Haverington.
  • 9 Everard Barwick—Robert Clerk.
  • 11 Richard Briskow—Richard Bawleke.
  • 13 Richard Northing—Nicholas Thompson.
  • 14 Richard Thornburgh—Rowland Wherton.
  • 15 Robert Mason—Thomas Marescall.
  • 20 John Blennerhasset—William Buckler.
  • 25 Thomas Stanlaw—George Walton.
  • 27 Robert Carlisle—Richard Alanson.
  • 28 Richard Chatterley—Thomas Chatterley.
  • 29 Richard Alanson—Alured Maleverer.
  • 31 John Skelton—Rowland Vaux.
  • 33 John Bere—Thomas Derwent.
  • 38 Richard Beverley—Thomas Ruckin.

  King Edward IV.

  • 7 Henry Denton—Richard George.
  • 12 Robert Skelton—John Coldale.

  King Henry VIII.

  • 33 William Stapleton—

  King Edward VI.

  • 1 Edward Aglionby—Thomas Dalston.
  • 6 Edward Aglionby—John Dudley.

  Queen Mary.

  • 1 John Aglionby—Simon Bristowe.
  • Robert Whitley—Richard Mynsho.

  Philip and Mary.

  • 1 Richard Whitley—Richard Mynsho.
  • 2 William Middleton—William Warde.
  • 4 Richard Asheton—Robert Dalton.

  Queen Elizabeth.

  • 1 Richard Asheton—William Mulcastre.
  • 5 Richard Asheton—William Mulcastre.
  • 13 Robert Bowes—Christopher Musgrave.
  • 14 Thomas Pattinson—Thomas ••allentyre.
  • 27 Edward Aglionby—Thomas Blennerhasset.
  • 28 Henry M'William—Thomas Blennerhasset.
  • 31 Henry Scroope—John Dalston.
  • 35 Henry Scroope—Edward Aglionby.
  • 39 Henry Scroope—Thomas Stamford.
  • 43 Henry Scroope—John Dudley.

  King James I.

  • 1 Thomas Blennerhasset—William Barwick.
  • 12 Henry Fane—
  • 18 Henry Fane—George Butler.
  • 21 Henry Fane—Edward Aghonby.

  King Charles I.

  • 1 Henry Fane.—Edward Aglionby.
  • — Henry Vane—Richard Graham.
  • 3 Richard Barwick.—Richard Graham.
  • 15 William Dalston.—Richard Barwick.
  • 16 William Dalston.—Richard Barwick.
  • 1655 Col. Tho. Filchie.—
  • 1657 Col. George Downing.—
  • 1659 Col. Geo. Downing.—Tho. Craister, Esq.

  View Page 67

  King Charles II.

  • 12 William Briscoe—Jeremy Tolhur.
  • 13 Philip Howard—Christopher Musgrave.
  • 31 Philip Howard—Christopher Musgrave.
  • 32 Edward, Lord Morpeth—Christ. Musgrave.

  King James II.

  • 1 Christopher Musgrave—James Graham.

  King William.

  • 1 Christopher Musgrave—Jeremy Bubb.
  • 2 Jeremy Bubb—Christopher Musgrave.
  • — William Lowther—
  • — James Lowther—
  • 7 William Howard—James Lowther.
  • 10 William Howard—James Lowther.
  • 12 Philip Howard—James Lowther.
  • 13 Philip Howard—James Lowther.

  Queen Anne.

  • 1 Christopher Musgrave—Thomas Stanwix.
  • 4 Thomas Stanwix—James Montague.
  • 7 Thomas Stanwix—James Montague.
  • 9 Thomas Stanwix—James Montague.
  • 12 Christopher Musgrave—Thomas Stanwix.

  King George I.

  • 1 Thomas Stanwix—William Strickland.
  • — Henry Aglionby—
  • 8 James Bateman—Henry Aglionby.

  King George II.

  • 1 Charles Howard—John Hylton.
  • 7 Charles Howard—John Hylton.
  • 14 Charles Howard—John Hylton.
  • — —John Stanwix.
  • 21 Charles Howard—John Stanwix.
  • 28 Charles Howard—John Stanwix.

  King George III.

  • 1 Raby Vane—Henry Curwen.
  • 8 Lord Edw. Bentinck—George Musgrave.
  • 15 Fletcher Norton—Anthony Storer
  • — Walter Stanhope—
  • 1780 Earl of Surry—William Lowther, Esq.
  • 1784 Earl of Surry—Edward Norton, Esq.
  • 1786 J. Christian, Esq. on Earl of Surry's transla∣tion to the peerage.
  • 1787 Rowland Stephenson, Esq. on E. Norton's death.
  • 1790 J. C. Curwen, Esq.—Wilson Braddyll, Esq.
  • 1796 J.C. Curwen, Esq.—Sir F. Fletcher Vane, Bt.

  View Page 64
• †

  Vide Registrum brevium Tit. Prohibitiones, sol. 405.

  Pat. 21. Edw. 1. m. Rex recuperat advoc. hujus hosp. versus Episc. Carliol et dedit custodi quasdam decimas extra parochiales in Foresta de Englewood.

  Pat. 15. Edw. 3. p. 1. m. 48. (Examplar. Statutorum) Escheat 31. Edw. 3. n. 53. Inquis de Travis Garbarum eid. pertinentibus ab antiquo. Pat. 42. Edw. 3. p. 1. m. 8.

  Pat. 5. King Henry 4. p. m. Orig. 17. Edw. 4. rot. 18. pat. 17. Edw. 4. p. 1. m. 26.—TANNER's NOT. NOTES.
• ‡

  Lel. Col. v. 7. p. 48. And in the catalogues of the frieries of this order, under the custody of Newcastle.

  DODSWORTH's MS. Collec. in Bibl. Bodl. v. 99. so. 40.
• §

  Tanner.
• Mon. Angl. 1. 654.
• †

  Lel. Col. v. 2. p. 257. In aliquibus tamen parietum ruinis qui semiruti remansere, videas mira Ro∣manorum artificia. Ut est in Lugubalia civitate triclinium lapideis fornicibus concamertum, quod nulla unquam tempestatum contumelia, quin etiam nec appositis lignis et succensis valuit labe factari, Cumber∣land vocatur regio, et Cumbri vocantur homines; scripturaque legitur in fronte triclimi Marii victoriae. Quod quid sit haesito, nis•• forte pars Cumbrorum olim his locis insiderit cum fuissent a Mario Italia pulsi.

  Ex Prolog. lib. 3. de gestis Pontificum Anglorum.
• ‡

  From the Gentleman's Magazine, 1749.—G. SMITH.
• Elegant specimens, and some of the bones were exhibited.
• †

  The altar, No. 1. in our plate of antiquities, found in digging the Grapes-inn cellar, appears never to have been finished two and three are the sculptures upon its sides.

  No. 9, 10, and 11, were dug out lately: also No. 14. which is iron; these are in the possession of the Rev. D. Carlisle: they are described by H. Rook, Esq. in the Archaeologia.

  No. 13. was found built in the back of a chimney in rebuilding the house of Edward Nevinson, Esq. two years ago, who presented it to us.

  No. 15, is a gold fibula, same size as the engraving; it was found at old Penrith after our description of that station was printed. Its weight is 14 dwts. 12 grains, is about three sixteenths of an inch thick, has the representations of six griffins cut out on one side, and on the other is five quadrupeds, and a place left where the sixth was intended to be cut, as is evident from the place being a little hollowed out. These appear to represent bears: it probably belonged to one of the Warwick family. It is in the possession of Mr. Sanderson of Plumpton.

  FROM HORSLEY's BRITANNIA ROMANA, Page 266.

  No. 41. This and the next are yet remaining at Carlisle in the late Brigadier Stanwix's garden. I have given the draught of this chiefly for the sake of the patera, which has a peculiar handle. On the other side is the common praesericulum. But there are no letters on any part of it.—No. vii. in our plate.

  No. 42. Legio sexta victrix pia fidelis genio populi Romani secit.—Camden says this was in the garden of Thomas Middleton, but it is now in the same garden with the altar, number 41; and he justly ob∣serves, that it is in a large and beautiful character. Mr. Gordon makes the last line G. P. P. F. but Camden reads G. P. R. F. adding that he leaves the interpretation to others. And as upon a strict examination, I find these really are the letters, I think they may be read Genio populi Romani secit. The emperor himself may be the person intended, who often had the compliment paid him of being the genius of his people, and this is frequent upon the imperial coins after Gallienus—No. vii••. in our plate.
• †

  David Rex Scotiae 1^o anno regni Stephani dolo se cepit Caerluil et novum castellum. Quo audito dixit Steph. rex. Quae dolose cepit victoriose recipiam.—LEL. COL. v. 1. p. 391.

  Scotus retinuit Cairluel concessione Stephani.—Ibid. v. 1. p. 198.

  Caerloil vero retinuit Scottus concessione regis Stephani.—Ibid. vol. 2. p. 305.
• †

  In the 3d yere of Henry the II, the King of Scottes had the earldom of Lancastre yn his handes, the cite of Cairluel, Bamburgh Castel and Newcastel.—LEL. COL. Vol. 1. p. 471.
• §

  Interea Gulielmus Rex Scottorum obsedit Carleolum, quod Robertus de Walls in custodia habuit, et dimissa parte exercitus sui, perambulavit Northumbriam, terram Regis et Baronium fuorum devastans; et cepit Castellum de Lidel et castellum de Burgo, de Appelbi, de Wereword et Yieboth, quod Odonellus de Winframville tenuit, et postea rediit ad obsidionem Carleoli &c.—LEL. COL. v. 2. p. 207.
• Alexander King of Scottes sun to K. William did entre ynto England and did much deposite to K. John. Alexander assegid Cairluel and toke it.—Ibid. vol. 1. p. 535.
• †

  On John Baliol's doing homage to K. Edw. III. the Scottes having 7 countes in their bande can to Cairluel and brent the suberbes of it.—LEL. COL. v. 1. p. 541.
• †

  For the stations and routs of the rebels, see the plate of encampment, page 430.—A Tullibarden's approach.—B Pretender's approach.—C Duke of Perth's attack.—D Duke of Cumberland's batteries. —Blackhall and Moorhouse, the Pretender's quarters.—The rebels routs into Scotland, by Roweliff and Grinsdale.
• ‡

  The annexed view is taken from the place where the duke of Cumberland battered the castle, from an original drawing in the collection of Thomas Ridgate Maunsell, Esq. to whom we are obliged for this plate: his father was a captain in the duke of Montague's ordnance regiment of foot, and command∣ed the artillery at the siege.—THE EDITORS.
• "Saw at Mr. Bernard Berton's a pleasing sight of 12 little girls spinning at once at a horizontal wheel, which set twelve bobbings in motion; yet so contrived that should any accident happen to one, the motion of that might be stopped without any impediment to the others.

  "At Mr. Custs I was favoured with the sight of a sine head of father Huddleston, in black with a large band and long grey hair, with an uplifted crucifix in his hand, probably taken in the attitude in which he lulled the soul of the departing K Cha. II."—PENNANT.