The task: a poem, in six books. By William Cowper, ... To which are added, by the same author, An epistle to Joseph Hill, Esq. ... To which are added, ... an epistle ... and the history of John Gilpin.

ARGUMENT of the FIRST BOOK.

Historical deduction of seats, from the stool to the Sofa.— A School-boys ramble.—A walk in the country.—The scene described.—Rural sounds as well as sights de|lightful. —Another walk.—Mistake concerning the charms of solitude, corrected.—Colonnades commended. —Alcove and the view from it.—The Wilderness. —The Grove.—The Thresher.—The necessity and the benefits of exercise.—The works of nature superior to and in some instances inimitable by art.—The weari|someness of what is commonly called a life of pleasure. —Change of scene sometimes expedient.—A common de|scribed, and the character of crazy Kate introduced upou it.—Gipsies.—The blessings of civilized life.— That state most favourable to virtue.—The South Sea Islanders compassionated, but chiefly Omai.—His pre|sent state of mind supposed.—Civilized life friendly to virtue, but not great cities.—Great cities, and London in particular, allowed their due praise, but censured.— Fete Champetre.—The book concludes with a reflec|tion on the fatal effects of dissipation and effeminacy upon our public measures.

BOOK I.

THE SOFA.

I SING the SOFA. I who lately sang Truth, Hope and Charity, and touch'd with awe The solemn chords, and with a trembling hand, Escap'd with pain from that advent'rous flight, Now seek repose upon an humbler theme; The theme though humble, yet august and proud Th' occasion—for the Fair commands the song.

Time was, when cloathing sumptuous or for use, Save their own painted skins, our sires had none. As yet black breeches were not; sattin smooth,

Or velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile: The hardy chief upon the rugged rock Wash'd by the sea, or on the grav'ly bank Thrown up by wintry torrents roaring loud, Fearless of wrong, repos'd his weary strength. Those barb'rous ages past, succeeded next The birth-day of invention, weak at first, Dull in design, and clumsy to perform. Joint-stools were then created; on three legs Upborne they stood. Three legs upholding firm A massy slab, in fashion square or round. On such a stool immortal Alfred sat, And sway'd the sceptre of his infant realms; And such in ancient halls and mansions drear May still be seen, but perforated sore And drill'd in holes the solid oak is found, By worms voracious eating through and through.

At length a generation more refined Improv'd the simple plan, made three legs four,

Gave them a twisted form vermicular, And o'er the seat with plenteous wadding stuff'd Induced a splendid cover green and blue, Yellow and red, of tapestry richly wrought And woven close, or needle-work sublime. There might ye see the pioney spread wide, The full-blown rose, the shepherd and his lass, Lap-dog and lambkin with black staring eyes, And parrots with twin cherries in their beak.

Now came the cane from India, smooth and bright With Nature's varnish; sever'd into stripes That interlaced each other, these supplied Of texture firm a lattice work, that braced The new machine, and it became a chair. But restless was the chair; the back erect Distress'd the weary loins that felt no ease; The slipp'ry seat betray'd the sliding part That press'd it, and the feet hung dangling down, Anxious in vain to find the distant floor.

These for the rich: the rest, whom fate had placed In modest mediocrity, content With base materials, sat on well tann'd hides Obdurate and unyielding, glassy smooth, With here and there a tuft of crimson yarn, Or scarlet crewel in the cushion fixt: If cushion might be call'd, what harder seem'd Than the firm oak of which the frame was form'd. No want of timber then was felt or fear'd In Albion's happy isle. The umber stood Pond'rous, and fixt by its own massy weight. But elbows still were wanting; these, some say, An Alderman of Cripplegate contrived, And some ascribe the invention to a priest Burly and big and studious of his ease. But rude at first, and not with easy slope Receding wide, they press'd against the ribs, And bruised the side, and elevated high Taught the rais'd shoulders to invade the ears. Long time elapsed or e'er our rugged sires

Complain'd, though incommodiously pent in, And ill at ease behind. The Ladies first 'Gan murmur, as became the softer sex. Ingenious fancy, never better pleas'd Than when employ'd t' accommodate the fair, Heard the sweet moan with pity, and devised The soft settee; one elbow at each end, And in the midst an elbow, it receiv'd United yet divided, twain at once. So sit two Kings of Brentford on one throne; And so two citizens who take the air Close pack'd and smiling in a chaise and one. But relaxation of the languid frame By soft recumbency of outstretched limbs, Was bliss reserved for happier days. So slow The growth of what is excellent, so hard T'attain perfection in this nether world. Thus first necessity invented stools, Convenience next suggested elbow chairs, And luxury th' accomplished Sofa last.

The nurse sleeps sweetly, hired to watch the sick Whom snoring she disturbs. As sweetly he Who quits the coach-box at the midnight hour To sleep within the carriage more secure, His legs depending at the open door. Sweet sleep enjoys the Curate in his desk, The tedious Rector drawling o'er his head, And sweet the Clerk below: but neither sleep Of lazy Nurse, who snores the sick man dead, Nor his who quits the box at midnight hour To slumber in the carriage more secure, Nor sleep enjoy'd by Curate in his desk, Nor yet the dozings of the Clerk are sweet, Compared with the repose the SOFA yields.

Oh may I live exempted (while I live Guiltless of pamper'd appetite obscene) From pangs arthritic that infest the toe Of libertine excess. The SOFA suits The gouty limb, 'tis true; but gouty limb

Though on a SOFA, may I never feel: For I have loved the rural walk through lanes Of grassy swarth close cropt by nibbling sheep, And skirted thick with intertexture firm Of thorny boughs: have loved the rural walk O'er hills, through valleys, and by rivers brink, E'er since a truant boy I pass'd my bounds T'enjoy a ramble on the banks of Thames. And still remember, nor without regret Of hours that sorrow since has much endear'd, How oft, my slice of pocket store consumed, Still hung'ring pennyless and far from home, I fed on scarlet hips and stoney haws, Or blushing crabs, or berries that imboss The bramble, black as jet, or sloes austere. Hard fare! but such as boyish appetite Disdains not, nor the palate undepraved By culinary arts, unsav'ry deems. No SOFA then awaited my return, Nor SOFA then I needed. Youth repairs

His wasted spirits quickly, by long toil Incurring short fatigue; and though our years As life declines, speed rapidly away, And not a year but pilfers as he goes Some youthful grace that age would gladly keep, A tooth or auburn lock, and by degrees Their length and color from the locks they spare; Th' elastic spring of an unwearied foot That mounts the stile with ease, or leaps the fence, That play of lungs inhaling and again Respiring freely the fresh air, that makes Swift pace or steep ascent no toil to me, Mine have not pilfer'd yet; nor yet impair'd My relish of fair prospect; scenes that sooth'd Or charm'd me young, no longer young, I find Still soothing and of power to charm me still. And witness, dear companion of my walks, Whose arm this twentieth winter I perceive Fast lock'd in mine, with pleasure such as love Confirm'd by long experience of thy worth

And well-tried virtues could alone inspire— Witness a joy that thou hast doubled long. Thou know'st my praise of nature most sincere, And that my raptures are not conjured up To serve occasions of poetic pomp, But genuine, and art partner of them all. How oft upon yon eminence, our pace Has slacken'd to a pause, and we have borne The ruffling wind scarce conscious that it blew, While admiration feeding at the eye, And still unsated, dwelt upon the scene. Thence with what pleasure have we just discern'd The distant plough slow-moving, and beside His lab'ring team that swerv'd not from the track, The sturdy swain diminish'd to a boy! Here Ouse, slow winding through a level plain Of spacious meads with cattle sprinkled o'er, Conducts the eye along his sinuous course Delighted. There, fast rooted in his bank Stand, never overlook'd, our fav'rite elms

That screen the herdsman's solitary hut; While far beyond and overthwart the stream That as with molten glass inlays the vale, The sloping land recedes into the clouds; Displaying on its varied side, the grace Of hedge-row beauties numberless, square tow'r, Tall spire, from which the sound of chearful bells Just undulates upon the list'ning ear; Groves, heaths, and smoking villages remote. Scenes must be beautiful which daily view'd Please daily, and whose novelty survives Long knowledge and the scrutiny of years. Praise justly due to those that I describe.

Nor rural sights alone, but rural sounds Exhilarate the spirit, and restore The tone of languid Nature. Mighty winds That sweep the skirt of some far-spreading wood Of ancient growth, make music not unlike The dash of ocean on his winding shore,

And lull the spirit while they fill the mind, Unnumber'd branches waving in the blast, And all their leaves fast flutt'ring, all at once. Nor less composure waits upon the roar Of distant floods, or on the softer voice Of neighb'ring fountain, or of rills that slip Through the cleft rock, and chiming as they fall Upon loose pebbles, lose themselves at length In matted grass, that with a livelier green Betrays the secret of their silent course. Nature inanimate employs sweet sounds, But animated Nature sweeter still To sooth and satisfy the human ear. Ten thousand warblers chear the day, and one The live-long night: nor these alone whose notes Nice-finger'd art must emulate in vain, But cawing rooks, and kites that swim sublime In still repeated circles, screaming loud, The jay, the pie, and ev'n the boding owl That hails the rising moon, have charms for me.

Sounds inharmonious in themselves and harsh, Yet heard in scenes where peace for ever reigns, And only there, please highly for their sake.

Peace to the artist, whose ingenious thought Devised the weather-house, that useful toy! Fearless of humid air and gathering rains Forth steps the man, an emblem of myself, More delicate his tim'rous mate retires. When Winter soaks the fields, and female feet Too weak to struggle with tenacious clay, Or ford the rivulets, are best at home, The task of new discov'ries falls on me. At such a season and with such a charge Once went I forth, and found, till then unknown, A cottage, whither oft we since repair: 'Tis perch'd upon the green-hill top, but close Inviron'd with a ring of branching elms That overhang the thatch, itself unseen, Peeps at the vale below; so thick beset

With foliage of such dark redundant growth, I call'd the low-roof'd lodge the peasant's nest. And hidden as it is, and far remote From such unpleasing sounds as haunt the ear In village or in town, the bay of curs Incessant, clinking hammers, grinding wheels, And infants clam'rous whether pleas'd or pain'd, Oft have I wish'd the peaceful covert mine. Here, I have said, at least I should possess The poet's treasure, silence, and indulge The dreams of fancy, tranquil and secure. Vain thought! the dweller in that still retreat Dearly obtains the refuge it affords. Its elevated scite forbids the wretch Yo drink sweet waters of the chrystal well; He dips his bowl into the weedy ditch, And heavy-laden brings his bev'rage home Far-fetch'd and little worth; nor seldom waits, Dependent on the baker's punctual call, To hear his creaking panniers at the door,

Angry and sad and his last crust consumed. So farewel envy of the peasant's nest. If solitude make scant the means of life, Society for me! thou seeming sweet, Be still a pleasing object in my view, My visit still, but never mine abode.

Not distant far, a length of colonade Invites us. Monument of ancient taste, Now scorn'd, but worthy of a better fate. Our fathers knew the value of a screen From sultry suns, and in their shaded walks And long-protracted bow'rs, enjoy'd at noon The gloom and coolness of declining day. We bear our shades about us; self depriv'd Of other screen, the thin umbrella spread, And range an Indian waste without a tree. Thanks to * 1.1 Benevolus—he spares me yet

These chesnuts ranged in corresponding lines, And though himself so polish'd, still reprieves The obsolete prolixity of shade.

Descending now (but cautious, lest too fast) A sudden steep, upon a rustic bridge We pass a gulph in which the willows dip Their pendent boughs, stooping as if to drink. Hence ancle deep in moss and flow'ry thyme We mount again, and feel at ev'ry step Our foot half sunk in hillocks green and soft, Rais'd by the mole, the miner of the soil. He not unlike the great ones of mankind, Disfigures earth, and plotting in the dark Toils much to earn a monumental pile, That may record the mischiefs he has done.

The summit gain'd, behold the proud alcove That crowns it! yet not all its pride secures The grand retreat from injuries impress'd

By rural carvers, who with knives deface The pannels, leaving an obscure rude name In characters uncouth, and spelt amiss. So strong the zeal t' immortalize himself Beats in the breast of man, that ev'n a few Few transient years won from th' abyss abhorr'd Of blank oblivion, seem a glorious prize, And even to a clown. Now roves the eye, And posted on this speculative height Exults in its command. The sheep-fold here Pours out its fleecy tenants o'er the glebe. At first, progressive as a stream, they seek The middle field; but scatter'd by degrees Each to his choice, soon whiten all the land. There, from the sun-burnt hay-field homeward creeps The loaded wain, while lighten'd of its charge The wain that meets it, passes swiftly by, The boorish driver leaning o'er his team Vocif'rous, and impatient of delay. Nor less attractive is the woodland scene

Diversified with trees of ev'ry growth Alike yet various. Here the grey smooth trunks Of ash or lime, or beech, distinctly shine, Within the twilight of their distant shades; There lost behind a rising ground, the wood Seems sunk, and shorten'd to its topmost boughs. No tree in all the grove but has its charms, Though each its hue peculiar; paler some, And of a wannish grey; the willow such And poplar, that with silver lines his leaf, And ash far-stretching his umbrageous arm. Of deeper green the elm; and deeper still, Lord of the woods, the long-surviving oak. Some glossy-leav'd and shining in the sun, The maple, and the beech of oily nuts Prolific, and the lime at dewy eve Diffusing odors: nor unnoted pass The sycamore, capricious in attire, Now green, now tawny, and 'ere autumn yet Have changed the woods, in scarlet honors bright.

O'er these, but far beyond, (a spacious map Of hill and valley interpos'd between) The Ouse, dividing the well water'd land, Now glitters in the sun, and now retires, As bashful, yet impatient to be seen.

Hence the declivity is sharp and short, And such the re-ascent; between them weeps A little Naiad her impov'rish'd urn All summer long, which winter fills again. The folded gates would bar my progress now, But that the * 1.2 Lord of this inclosed demesne, Communicative of the good he owns, Admits me to a share: the guiltless eye Commits no wrong, nor wastes what it enjoys. Refreshing change! where now the blazing sun? By short transition we have lost his glare And stepp'd at once into a cooler clime. Ye fallen avenues! once more I mourn

Your fate unmerited, once more rejoice That yet a remnant of your race survives. How airy and how light the graceful arch, Yet awful as the consecrated roof Re-echoing pious anthems! while beneath The chequer'd earth seems restless as a flood Brush'd by the wind. So sportive is the light Shot through the boughs, it dances as they dance, Shadow and sunshine intermingling quick, And darkning and enlightning, as the leaves Play wanton, ev'ry moment, ev'ry spot.

And now with nerves new-brac'd and spirits chear'd We tread the wilderness, whose well-roll'd walks With curvature of slow and easy sweep, Deception innocent—give ample space To narrow bounds. The grove receives us next; Between the upright shafts of whose tall elms We may discern the thresher at his task. Thump after thump, resounds the constant flail,

That seems to swing uncertain, and yet falls Full on the destin'd ear. Wide flies the chaff, The rustling straw sends up a frequent mist Of atoms sparkling in the noon-day beam. Come hither, ye that press your beds of down And sleep not: see him sweating o'er his bread Before he eats it.—'Tis the primal curse, But soften'd into mercy; made the pledge Of chearful days, and nights without a groan.

By ceaseless action, all that is, subsists. Constant rotation of th' unwearied wheel That nature rides upon, maintains her health, Her beauty, her fertility. She dreads An instant's pause, and lives but while she moves. Its own revolvency upholds the world. Winds from all quarters agitate the air, And fit the limpid element for use, Else noxious: oceans, rivers, lakes, and streams All feel the fresh'ning impulse, and are cleansed

By restless undulation; ev'n the oak Thrives by the rude concussion of the storm; He seems indeed indignant, and to feel Th' impression of the blast with proud disdain, Frowning as if in his unconscious arm He held the thunder. But the monarch owes His firm stability to what he scorns, More fixt below, the more disturb'd above. The law by which all creatures else are bound, Binds man the lord of all. Himself derives No mean advantage from a kindred cause, From strenuous toil his hours of sweetest ease. The sedentary stretch their lazy length When custom bids, but no refreshment find, For none they need: the languid eye, the cheek Deserted of its bloom, the flaccid, shrunk, And wither'd muscle, and the vapid soul, Reproach their owner with that love of rest To which he forfeits ev'n the rest he loves. Not such th' alert and active. Measure life

By its true worth, the comforts it affords, And theirs alone seems worthy of the name. Good health, and its associate in the most, Good temper; spirits prompt to undertake, And not soon spent, though in an arduous task; The pow'rs of fancy and strong thought are theirs; Ev'n age itself seems privileged in them With clear exemption from its own defects. A sparkling eye beneath a wrinkled front The vet'ran shows, and gracing a grey beard With youthful smiles, descends toward the grave Sprightly, and old almost without decay.

Like a coy maiden, ease, when courted most, Farthest retires—an idol, at whose shrine Who oft'nest sacrifice are favor'd least. The love of Nature, and the scenes she draws Is Nature's dictate. Strange! there should be found Who self-imprison'd in their proud saloons, Renounce the odors of the open field

For the unscented fictions of the loom. Who satisfied with only pencil'd scenes, Prefer to the performance of a God Th' inferior wonders of an artist's hand. Lovely indeed the mimic works of art, But Nature's works far lovelier. I admire— None more admires the painter's magic skill, Who shews me that which I shall never see, Conveys a distant country into mine, And throws Italian light on English walls. But imitative strokes can do no more Than please the eye, sweet Nature ev'ry sense. The air salubrious of her lofty hills, The chearing fragrance of her dewy vales And music of her woods—no works of man May rival these; these all bespeak a power Peculiar, and exclusively her own. Beneath the open sky she spreads the feast; 'Tis free to all—'tis ev'ry day renew'd, Who scorns it, starves deservedly at home.

He does not scorn it, who imprison'd long In some unwholesome dungeon, and a prey To sallow sickness, which the vapors dank And clammy of his dark abode have bred, Escapes at last to liberty and light. His cheek recovers soon its healthful hue, His eye relumines its extinguish'd fires, He walks, he leaps, he runs—is wing'd with joy, And riots in the sweets of ev'ry breeze. He does not scorn it, who has long endur'd A fever's agonies, and fed on drugs. Nor yet the mariner, his blood inflamed With acrid salts; his very heart athirst To gaze at Nature in her green array. Upon the ship's tall side he stands, possess'd With visions prompted by intense desire; Fair fields appear below, such as he left Far distant, such as he would die to find— He seeks them headlong, and is seen no more.

The spleen is seldom felt where Flora reigns; The low'ring eye, the petulance, the frown, And sullen sadness that o'ershade, distort, And mar the face of beauty, when no cause For such immeasurable woe appears, These Flora banishes, and gives the fair Sweet smiles and bloom less transient than her own. It is the constant revolution stale And tasteless, of the same repeated joys, That palls and satiates, and makes languid life A pedlar's pack, that bows the bearer down. Health suffers, and the spirits ebb; the heart Recoils from its own choice—at the full feast Is famish'd—finds no music in the song, No smartness in the jest, and wonders why. Yet thousands still desire to journey on, Though halt and weary of the path they tread. The paralitic who can hold her cards But cannot play them, borrows a friend's hand To deal and shuffle, to divide and sort

Her mingled suits and sequences, and sits Spectatress both and spectacle, a sad And silent cypher, while her proxy plays. Others are dragg'd into the crowded room Between supporters; and once seated, sit Through downright inability to rise, 'Till the stout bearers lift the corpse again. These speak a loud memento. Yet ev'n these Themselves love life, and cling to it, as he That overhangs a torrent, to a twig. They love it, and yet loath it; fear to die, Yet scorn the purposes for which they live. Then wherefore not renounce them? No—the dread, The slavish dread of solitude, that breeds Reflection and remorse, the fear of shame, And their invet'rate habits, all forbid.

Whom call we gay? That honor has been long The boast of mere pretenders to the name. The innocent are gay—the lark is gay

That dries his feathers saturate with dew Beneath the rosy cloud, while yet the beams Of day-spring overshoot his humble nest. The peasant too, a witness of his song, Himself a songster, is as gay as he. But save me from the gaiety of those Whose head-aches nail them to a noon-day bed; And save me too from theirs whose haggard eyes Flash desperation, and betray their pangs For property stripp'd off by cruel chance; From gaiety that fills the bones with pain, The mouth with blasphemy, the heart with woe.

The earth was made so various, that the mind Of desultory man, studious of change, And pleas'd with novelty, might be indulged. Prospects however lovely may be seen 'Till half their beauties fade; the weary sight, Too well acquainted with their smiles, slides off Fastidious, seeking less familiar scenes.

Then snug inclosures in the shelter'd vale, Where frequent hedges intercept the eye, Delight us, happy to renounce a while, Not senseless of its charms, what still we love, That such short absence may endear it more. Then forests, or the savage rock may please, That hides the sea-mew in his hollow clefts Above the reach of man: his hoary head Conspicuous many a league, the mariner Bound homeward, and in hope already there, Greets with three cheers exulting. At his waist A girdle of half-wither'd shrubs he shows, And at his feet the baffled billows die. The common overgrown with fern, and rough With prickly goss, that shapeless and deform And dang'rous to the touch, has yet its bloom And decks itself with ornaments of gold, Yields no unpleasing ramble; there the turf Smells fresh, and rich in odorif'rous herbs

And fungous fruits of earth, regales the sense With luxury of unexpected sweets.

There often wanders one, whom better days Saw better clad, in cloak of sattin trimm'd With lace, and hat with splendid ribband bound. A serving maid was she, and fell in love With one who left her, went to sea and died. Her fancy followed him through foaming waves To distant shores, and she would sit and weep At what a sailor suffers; fancy too Delusive most where warmest wishes are, Would oft anticipate his glad return, And dream of transports she was not to know. She heard the doleful tidings of his death, And never smil'd again. And now she roams The dreary waste; there spends the livelong day, And there, unless when charity forbids, The livelong night. A tatter'd apron hides, Worn as a cloak, and hardly hides a gown

More tatter'd still; and both but ill conceal A bosom heaved with never-ceasing sighs. She begs an idle pin of all she meets, And hoards them in her sleeve; but needful food, Though press'd with hunger oft, or comelier cloaths, Though pinch'd with cold, asks never.—Kate is craz'd.

I see a column of slow-rising smoke O'ertop the lofty wood that skirts the wild. A vagabond and useless tribe there eat Their miserable meal. A kettle slung Between two poles upon a stick transverse, Receives the morsel; flesh obscene of dog, Or vermin, or at best, of cock purloin'd From his accustom'd perch. Hard-faring race! They pick their fuel out of ev'ry hedge, Which kindled with dry leaves, just saves unquench'd The spark of life. The sportive wind blows wide Their flutt'ring rags, and shows a tawny skin, The vellum of the pedigree they claim.

Great skill have they in palmistry, and more To conjure clean away the gold they touch, Conveying worthless dross into its place. Loud when they beg, dumb only when they steal. Strange! that a creature rational, and cast In human mould, should brutalize by choice His nature, and though capable of arts By which the world might profit and himself, Self-banish'd from fociety, prefer Such squalid sloth to honorable toil. Yet even these, though feigning sickness oft They swathe the forehead, drag the limping limb And vex their flesh with artificial sores, Can change their whine into a mirthful note When safe occasion offers, and with dance And music of the bladder and the bag Beguile their woes and make the woods resound. Such health and gaiety of heart enjoy The houseless rovers of the sylvan world; And breathing wholesome air, and wand'ring much,

Need other physic none to heal th' effects Of loathfome diet, penury, and cold.

Blest he, though undistinguish'd from the crowd By wealth or dignity, who dwells secure Where man, by nature fierce, has laid aside His fierceness, having learnt, though slow to learn, The manners and the arts of civil life. His wants, indeed, are many; but supply Is obvious; placed within the easy reach Of temp'rate wishes and industrious hands. Here virtue thrives as in her proper soil; Not rude and surly, and beset with thorns, And terrible to sight, as when she springs, (If e'er she spring spontaneous) in remote And barb'rous climes, where violence prevails, And strength is lord of all; but gentle, kind, By culture tam'd, by liberty refresh'd, And all her fruits by radiant truth matur'd. War and the chace engross the savage whole.

War follow'd for revenge, or to supplant The envied tenants of some happier spot, The chace for sustenance, precarious trust! His hard condition with severe constraint Binds all his faculties, forbids all growth Of wisdom, proves a school in which he learns Sly circumvention, unrelenting hate, Mean self-attachment, and scarce aught beside. Thus fare the shiv'ring natives of the north, And thus the rangers of the western world Where it advances far into the deep, Towards th' Antarctic. Ev'n the favor'd isles So lately found, although the constant sun Cheer all their seasons with a grateful smile, Can boast but little virtue; and inert Through plenty, lose in morals, what they gain In manners, victims of luxurious ease. These therefore I can pity, placed remote From all that science traces, art invents, Or inspiration teaches; and inclosed

In boundless oceans never to be pass'd By navigators uninformed as they, Or plough'd perhaps by British bark again. But far beyond the rest, and with most cause Thee, gentle * 1.3 savage! whom no love of thee Or thine, but curiosity perhaps, Or else vain glory, prompted us to draw Forth from thy native bow'rs, to show thee here With what superior skill we can abuse The gifts of providence, and squander life. The dream is past. And thou hast found again Thy cocoas and bananas, palms and yams, And homestall thatch'd with leaves. But hast thou found Their former charms? And having seen our state, Our palaces, our ladies, and our pomp Of equipage, our gardens, and our sports, And heard our music; are thy simple friends, Thy simple fare, and all thy plain delights As dear to thee as once? And have thy joys Lost nothing by comparison with ours?

Rude as thou art (for we return'd thee rude And ignorant, except of outward show) I cannot think thee yet so dull of heart And spiritless, as never to regret Sweets tasted here, and left as soon as known. Methinks I see thee straying on the beach, And asking of the surge that bathes thy foot If ever it has wash'd our distant shore. I see thee weep, and thine are honest tears, A patriot's for his country. Thou art sad At thought of her forlorn and abject state, From which no power of thine can raise her up. Thus fancy paints thee, and though apt to err, Perhaps errs little, when she paints thee thus. She tells me too that duely ev'ry morn Thou climb'st the mountain top, with eager eye Exploring far and wide the wat'ry waste For sight of ship from England. Ev'ry speck Seen in the dim horizon, turns thee pale With conflict of contending hopes and fears.

But comes at last the dull and dusky eve, And sends thee to thy cabbin, well-prepar'd To dream all night of what the day denied. Alas! expect it not. We found no bait To tempt us in thy country. Doing good, Disinterested good, is not our trade. We travel far 'tis true, but not for nought; And must be brib'd to compass earth again By other hopes and richer fruits than yours.

But though true worth and virtue, in the mild And genial soil of cultivated life Thrive most, and may perhaps thrive only there, Yet not in cities oft. In proud and gay And gain devoted cities; thither flow, As to a common and most noisome sewer, The dregs and faeculence of ev'ry land. In cities foul example on most minds Begets its likeness. Rank abundance breeds In gross and pamper'd cities sloth and lust,

And wantonness and gluttonous excess. In cities, vice is hidden with most ease, Or seen with least reproach; and virtue taught By frequent lapse, can hope no triumph there Beyond th' atchievement of successful flight. I do confess them nurs'ries of the arts, In which they flourish most. Where in the beams Of warm encouragement, and in the eye Of public note they reach their perfect size. Such London is, by taste and wealth proclaim'd The fairest capital of all the world, By riot and incontinence the worst. There, touch'd by Reynolds, a dull blank becomes A lucid mirror, in which nature sees All her reflected features. Bacon there Gives more than female beauty to a stone, And Chatham's eloquence to marble lips. Nor does the chissel occupy alone The pow'rs of sculpture, but the style as much; Each province of her art her equal care.

With nice incision of her guided steel She ploughs a brazen field, and clothes a soil So sterile with what charms soe'er she will, The richest scen'ry and the loveliest forms. Where finds philosophy her eagle eye With which she gazes at yon burning disk Undazzled, and detects and counts his spots? In London; where her implements exact With which she calculates computes and scans All distance, motion, magnitude, and now Measures an atom, and now girds a world? In London; where has commerce such a mart, So rich, so throng'd, so drain'd, and so supplied As London, opulent, enlarged, and still Increasing London? Babylon of old Not more the glory of the earth, than she A more accomplish'd world's chief glory now.

She has her praise. Now mark a spot or two That so much beauty would do well to purge;

And show this queen of cities, that so fair May yet be foul, so witty, yet not wise. It is not seemly, nor of good report That she is slack in discipline. More prompt T'avenge than to prevent the breach of law. That she is rigid in denouncing death On petty robbers, and indulges life And liberty, and oft-times honor too To peculators of the public gold. That thieves at home must hang; but he that puts Into his overgorged and bloated purse The wealth of Indian provinces, escapes. Nor is it well, nor can it come to good, That through profane and infidel contempt Of holy writ, she has presum'd t'annul And abrogate, as roundly as she may, The total ordonance and will of God; Advancing fashion to the post of truth, And cent'ring all authority in modes And customs of her own, till sabbath rites

Have dwindled into unrespected forms, And knees and hassocks are well-nigh divorced.

God made the country, and man made the town. What wonder then, that health and virtue, gifts That can alone make sweet the bitter draught That life holds out to all, should most abound And least be threatened in the fields and groves? Possess ye therefore, ye who borne about In chariots and sedans, know no fatigue But that of idleness, and taste no scenes But such as art contrives, possess ye still Your element; there only, ye can shine, There only minds like yours can do no harm. Our groves were planted to console at noon The pensive wand'rer in their shades. At eve The moon-beam sliding softly in between The sleeping leaves, is all the light they wish, Birds warbling all the music. We can spare The splendor of your lamps, they but eclipse

Our softer satellite. Your songs confound Our more harmonious notes. The thrush departs Scared, and th' offended nightingale is mute. There is a public mischief in your mirth, It plagues your country. Folly such as your's Graced with a sword, and worthier of a fan, Has made, which enemies could ne'er have done, Our arch of empire, stedfast but for you, A mutilated structure, soon to fall.

Notes

• * 1.1

  John Courtney Throckmorton, Esq. of Weston Underwood.
• * 1.2

  See the foregoing note.
• * 1.3

  Omia.