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PROTEASE INHIBITOR: CRIX IVAN (INDINAVIR) What are Protease Inhibitors? P rotease inhibitors are a new type of antiretroviral (a drug that stops the reproduction of HIV in your body). Protease drugs work by blocking a part of HIV called protease. With protease blocked, HIV makes copies of virus that can't infect new cells. Studies (clinical trials) of protease inhibitors have shown that these drugs, taken alone or in combination with other antiretroviral drugs (AZT, ddl, ddC, d4T, 3TC ), can lower viral load (the amount of HIV in your blood) and raise T-cells (CD4 cells). The greatest effect has been seen in people taking combination therapy. However, it's important to remember that more studies are needed to better understand how to use these drugs. When Should I Start Taking Protease Inhibitors? No one knows exactly when is the best time to begin taking protease inhibitors. Several studies of people who have low T-cells (100 or lower) have found that those who add a protease inhibitor along to other HIV medicine get about half as sick as those who do not. Based on these results, if you have: 1) low T-cells, 2) high viral load, 3) symptoms of illness, and/or 4) have had HIV disease for a long time, you may want to talk with your doctor about starting a combination that inclues a protease inhibitor. Doctors have not yet confirmed that taking these drugs early in HIV disease-when T-cells are high and viral load is low-will help prolong life or prevent the development of AIDS. In theory, starting a protease inhibitor when viral load is low will allow the drug to be more effective. Can Drug Resistance Occur with Protease Inhibitors? Yes. HIV eventually learns to work around the effect of the drug. This is called drug resistance. Resistance causes the drug to work less well or not to work at all. Resistant HIV may not go away, even if you stop taking the drug. Also, developing HIV that has resistance to one antiprotease drug will often mean that the HIV is resistant to other such drugs as well. This is called cross-resistance. Some studies show that taking protease inhibitors in combination with other anti-HIV drugs may greatly reduce the chance of developing resistance by further controlling the virus. To avoid or delay the development of drug resistance, make sure you take the drugs properly. Skipping doses, taking lower than prescribed doses, not following food guidelines and not taking the drugs on schedule weakens the drugs' effect. HIV can then reproduce more. The more HIV reproduces, the better its chance to develop drug resistance. If you think that you are not able to follow the treatment routine which you and your doctor have put together, then you might want to wait until you are better prepared to take the drugs properly. Crixivan (also called indinavir): Dose Two 400 mg capsules taken every eight hours. Must be taken on an empty stomach or if necessary with a light, lowprotein, low-fat meal (e.g. corn flakes, skim milk, apple juice, dry toast, coffee or tea. Do not ingest with grapefruit juice.). Take each dose with a large glass of water and drink at least 6 more large glasses of liquid throughout the day. In studies, a dramatic effect was seen with Crixivan in combination with AZT/3TC. AZT/ddl was effective, too. Other combinations, for example d4T/ddl/Crixivan or d4T/3TC Crixivan, may prove useful, but they have not been tested yet. Cross-resistance is a serious problem with Crixivan. HIV that develops resistance to Crixivan may be immune to all the other protease inhibitors now on the market. In deciding what Crixivan combination to take, try to find two other drugs you have not taken before and that you are likely to tolerate. Storage Keeping capsules dry in their bottle is very important. To do this, put the small cloth package or cotton that comes in the bottle, back after every use. Side Effects Nephrolithiasis (small kidney stones, indicated by pain in the sides, blood in urine) occurred in 4 - 10% of people in clinical studies. Drinking those 6 extra large glasses of water throughout the day can help prevent nephrolithiasis). Other side effects reported less often include nausea, abdominal pain, headache, weakness/fatigue, diarrhea, taste changes and back pain. Cost Crixivan sells for about $6,000.00 a year. Most Medicaid programs and private insurers cover it. The ADAP program in New York and many other states also pay for Crixivan. Merck, the company that makes Crixivan, runs a patientassistance program that will supply the drug at noI cost if you meet certain qualifications. Call 1-800-- 927-8888 Mon.-Fri. 9:00 A.M.-8:00 P.M. for more information about patient assistance. Availability Crixivan is now available at pharmacies throughout the U.S. wih i fam in ef ad e psildrg iteacions. For other Fact Sheets or for more information, contact GMHC, Department of Treatment Education and Advocacy, 119 West 24th Street, New York, NY 10011 (212) 361-1455