Abstract Book Vol. 2 [International Conference on AIDS (14th: 2002: Barcelona, Spain)]

XIV International AIDS Conference

Abstracts WePeG6906-WePeG6910 309

mented by in-country research on the status and trends of the family planning
program in two sub-Saharan African countries with high HIV/AIDS prevalence.
The study will attempt to investigate how successful countries have or have not
been at managing these two issues in the context of high HIV prevalence and
attempt to document the lessons learned for other countries.
The analysis will be carried out at the country level based on an in-depth interview
guide that is addressed to 25-30 reproductive health experts. Moreover, this will
be supplemented by documents on resource allocation for family planning and
HIV/AIDS programs in the last 5 years.
Results: With the global and country level analysis the results will demonstrate
the various impacts of high HIV on other reproductive health programs in the
countries with high HIV prevalence and demonstrate strategic options for program integration.
Recommendations: The output of this analysis will inform the policy and program managers at the global and country level on the various dimensions of
the interactions between HIV and family planning and provide lessons learned
in selecting stragic options to mitigate the impact of HIV while ensuring that the
reproductive needs of individuals continue to be met.
Presenting author: kokila agarwal, the futures group, 1050 17th st, washington,
dc, United States, Tel.: [phone], Fax: [phone], E-mail: k.agarwal
@tfgi.com
WePeG6906 The latina HIV needs assessment
B.K. Rios-Ellis, M. Dwyer. University, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., HSC Dept CSULB,
Long Beach, CA, 90840, United States
The Latina HIV Needs Assessment was funded by the Office of Minority Health
and conducted by the National Council of la Raza. Focus groups and interviews
were conducted with HIV positive and high risk Latinas in 10 sites throughout
the United States. Sites were selected based on high rates of HIV infection
among Latinos, high rates of chemical use and dependency among Latinos, and
large population concentration. Sites selected included: Miami, Florida; San Juan,
Puerto Rico; New York City; Paterson, New Jersey; San Antonio, Texas; Harlingen, Texas; Boston, Massachusettes; Hartford, Connecticut; Los Angeles, California; and Washington, DC. A total of 217 Latinas participated in the study
The purpose of the needs assessment was to determine Latinas' access to HIV
prevention messages, HIV risk behavior, cultural norms and expectations, the
effect of machismo on Latinas' risk of HIV, and environment factors which may
increase risk.
Exposure to culturally and linguistically appropriate HIV prevention messages
within the United States was virtually nonexistent. HIV positive Latinas were found
to recall pharmaceutical advertisements but did not remember having received
HIV prevention messages prior to their infection.
Latinas were highly unlikely to use condoms, even if HIV infected. The effects of
machismo rendered the subjects at high risk for infection due to lack of disclosure
of male seropositivity, infidelity, and lack of willingness to use condoms.
A great deal of emphasis on the development of prevention messages targeting
Latinas is sorely needed to further prevent HIV infection among this population.
Presenting author: Britt Rios-Ellis, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., HSC Dept. CSULB,
Long Beach, CA, 90840, United States, Tel.: [phone], Fax: [phone], E-mail: [email protected]
WePeG6907 Exploring the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on
stability, security and governance in Sub-Saharan
Africa
M. Schoenteich. Institute for Security Studies, P 0 Box 1787, Brooklyn Square,
0075, South Africa
Issues: HIV/AIDS poses a serious threat to the existence of individuals and their
communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. By leaving a vast population of orphans in its
wake, by threatening people's socio-economic survival, and by debilitating state
structures across the region, the epidemic will result in rising levels of crime and
lawlessness. A number of African states could also experience significant threats
to their political stability and national security as a consequence of the epidemic.
Description: This paper looks at the future impact the HIV/AIDS epidemic will
have on stability, security and governance in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper
draws on existing research conducted within the region, and focuses on the interpretation and analysis of the growing body of HIV/AIDS related information to
make sense of what implications the epidemic holds for security and governance
in the region.
Lessons learned: The available evidence indicates that there is a growing - yet
still largely unrecognised - link between the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and issues of
stability, security and governance in a number of Sub-Saharan African states.
Recommendations: While the epidemic has progressed to near catastrophic
proportions in a number of African states, it is not too late to implement policies
and develop institutions that could ameliorate the epidemic's impact on stability,

security and governance. The paper identifies and discusses a number of such
interventions.
Presenting author: Martin Schoenteich, P 0 Box 1787, Brooklyn Square, 75,
South Africa, Tel.: [phone], Fax: [phone], E-mail: martin.s@iss.
co.za

WePeG6908 Insitutional ethnography: a radical research
approach for understanding AIDS prevention work
in a neo-liberal world order
J. Jacosh. Simon Fraser University, 1857 east 11th ave, vancouver, v5n 1y9,
Canada
Issues: International AIDS work is not just about helping people in the "developing" world combat the spread of AIDS. AIDS has been introduced into neocolonial/imperialist development projects and must to be understood in this context. I make two claims: 1) International efforts in AIDS prevention/treatment operate in a globalization framework that realigns peripheral countries to the political
and economic interests of core capitalist countries in the West; and 2), the specific conditions created through development of advanced capitalism over the last
5 decades have left the global underclass vulnerable to rapid spread of AIDS.
Description: International AIDS organizations that operate within a political climate of neo-liberalism are limited in their capacity to deliver effective prevention
programs to the desperate poor. A Neo-liberal AIDS agenda advances profitmaking prevention (e.g., industrial/high-tech solutions) but not necessarily real
solutions. Traditional approaches to research and program evaluation produces
AIDS ideology that mask this reality.
Lessons learned: I suggest the use of Institutional Ethnography (IE) as a mode
of inquiry to understand the cultural impact of international AIDS work on subjugated people. Institutional ethnographers collect information about people's lives
and map out how their experiences are hooked into the dominant institutional
forces (e.g. forces of development) that rule over them. That map is then given
back to people so they can make informed decisions about their participation or
resistance to foreign presence in their communities.
Recommendations: In understanding why AIDS is still spreading rapidly in impoverished countries, we must begin at the local sites of transmission and prevention rather than with ideological constructs. Institutional ethnography provides
a way for activist-academics to conduct research about institutional domination
for local people struggling with AIDS in their communities.
Presenting author: justin jagosh, 1857 east 11th ave, vancouver, v5n ly9,
Canada, Tel.: [phone], E-mail: [email protected]
WePeG6909 Absence of effective HIVIAIDS and human rights
interventions in Zambia: a hindrance to
development
M. Sakufiwa1, D. Patterson2. 1Zambian AIDS-Law Research and Advocacy
Network, PO Box 7, Chilanga, Zambia; 2Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network,
Montreal, Canada
Issues: HIV/AIDS is a health and development crisis of epidemic proportions.
However, very few countries have addressed (at least in practice) the legal issues
raised by the pandemic. The combination of interventions must of necessity include the promotion and protection of the rights of people living with AIDS. This
improves the ability of prevention programs to reach the infected and vulnerable
populations.
Description: Research reveals that there are no specific laws in Zambia on
HIV/AIDS. Therefore, for persons that have been discriminated against for example, there is no system for redress. Human rights is a fairly new concept in
the country HIV/AIDS and human rights is even newer. HIV/AIDS interventions
have been limited to awareness on the major mode of transmission and how not
to contract the virus. Little has been said on stigma and discrimination. People
will most likely not be tested and when they are, they will remain silent about their
status. The hospitals have no HIV drugs let alone for simple ailments. The price
of the drugs is way beyond the reach of even the upper middle class and so most
people just die in their homes. The situation is deteriorating so fast that none of
the development efforts can keep up with these trends.
Lessons learned: There is need for HIV/AIDS human rights interventions that
will reach the grass roots if any development is to take place in the third world.
Neglect of these human rights abuses contradicts one of the core objectives of
development, which is to eradicate or reduce inequality. Development is about
guaranteeing and upholding the rights of people.
Recommendations: The recommendations for Zambia are i) to conduct research
into the legal issues raised by HIV in Zambia in order to identify, prioritise and
document the pertinent issues, ii) promote community advocacy to create awareness on not only the modes of transmission but on human rights and the rights of
people with AIDS.
Presenting author: Malala Sakufiwa, PO Box 7, Chilanga, Zambia, Tel.: +260
977 83652, Fax: [phone], E-mail: [email protected]
WePeG6910 Intervention for women and children in the
red-light area
S.S. Shankaran. NG, Committed Communities Development Trust, 8, Pai

Chimbai Municipal School St Joseph's Road, Bandra (w), Mumbai - 400050,
India
Background: Current statistics show that 70% (source: National AIDS Control
Organisation) of the Women in Prostitution are HIV +ve in Mumbai. India. The
major concern of policy makers is that the infection is spreading fast to the general population. As a result most of the programmes are targeted interventions
aiming at ensuring that the women practice safe sex.