Abstract Book Vol. 2 [International Conference on AIDS (14th: 2002: Barcelona, Spain)]

102 Abstracts WePeC6073-WePeC6077

XIV International AIDS Conference

the evidence shows HIV have introduced to the population involved prostitution.
In Xinjiang and Guangxi HIV infection was found in antenatal sentinel sites. The
rate of insistent condom use among prostitutes is slightly going up, but still very
low (median 14.7% in the first survey of 2001). The rate of injecting drug among
drug users is increasing and the rate of needle/syringe sharing among injecting
drug users keep steady at high level (median 42.8% in the first survey of 2001).
Conclusion: HIV spread is going on among risk groups, and many risks factors are still existent in China. More efficient interventions programs are urgently
needed.
Presenting author: Shuquan Qu, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China, Tel.:
[phone], Fax: [phone], E-mail: qus @ public.bta.net.cn
WePeC6073 Resistance to Antiretroviral Drugs Among
HIV-Infected Persons in Jail. High Impact of Low
Treatment adherence
0. Gallego1, A. Corral 2, C. de Mendoza2, J. Gonzalez-Lahoz2, V. Soriano2.
1Services of Infectious Diseases.Hospital Carlos ///./nstituto de Sa/ud Carlos///,
C/Sinesio Delagado 10, 28029 Madrid, Spain; 2Services of Infectious
Diseases.Hospital CarlosI.Instituto de Sa/ud Carlos//I, Madrid, Spain
Background: The knowledge of the most prevalent drug-resistant genotypes in
a community may be helpful for choosing the best treatment options.
Methods: Genotypic testing was performed in plasma samples collected from
309 HIV+ prisoners (127 nalve and 182 pre-treated subjects). In order to compare the prevalence of drug resistance mutations during two different periods and
detect any trend over time, half of the samples from naive persons and half from
pre-treated subjects were randomly collected in 1999 and in 2001.
Results: Overall, 64% (n=197) of samples harbored a VL above 1000 cop/ml.
Genotypic data were obtained in 186 (94%) of them. Resistant genotypes among
nalve subjects were recognized in 13% (6/47) in 1999 vs 15% (7/47) in 2001. In
contrast, resistance was found in 35% and 59% of pre-treated subjects in 1999
and 2001, respectively (p=0.02). By drug families, in 1999 was NRTI (26%)>PI
(21%)>NNRTI (13%) vs NRTI (37%)>NNRTI (33.3%)>PI (27%) in 2001. Complete virological suppression (<50 cop/ml) was found only in 18 (20%) pre-treated
subjects in 1999 vs 27 (29%) in 2001. In comparison, a similar study conducted
during the same period in HIV+ attending regular clinics in Spain found that 46%
of pre-treated subjects harboured <50 cop/ml, whereas genotypic resistance was
found in 79% of those failing therapy (Gallego et al. AIDS 2001).
Conclusions: Drug resistance has increased over the last two years among inmates, and currently affect 59% of those failing therapy. In comparison with HIV+
outside jail, prisoners on treatment: are more likely on virological failure; show
a lower rate of drug resistance; and resistance affects particularly drugs having
low genetic barrier (a 3-fold increase resistance for NNRTI). These findings are
consistent with a much poor treatment adherence in HIV+ inmates, and support
that psychological intervention to increase drug compliance as well as the use of
drugs having high genetic barrier should be encouraged in this setting
Presenting author: Oscar Gallego, C/Sinesio Delagado 10, 28029 Madrid,
Spain, Tel.: [phone], Fax: [phone], E-mail: [email protected]
WePeC6074 HIV/AIDS knowledge and sex behavior among
Chuukese living in the outher Islands, Micronesia,
2001
TV. Russell, A. Do, P. Sullivan. CDC/NCHSTP/DHAP-SE/Surv., 1600 Clifton
Road, NE, M/S E-47, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, United States
Background: In early 2001, the first two cases of locally acquired HIV infection
were diagnosed on remote islands (population approximately 1,850) in Micronesia. CDC assisted with a behavioral survey and HIV voluntary counseling and
testing.
Methods: During our first visit to the islands, consenting volunteers were surveyed about HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and sex behaviors (past 12
months); blood was collected for HIV testing. During our second visit, rapid testing was offered. All who consented received HIV education from trained counselors; a random 25% were offered a post-education survey when they returned
for posttest counseling. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were performed.
Results: Our initial visit had 334 participants: 52% female, 50% <12 years education, and median age 33 years. Among 181 sexually active persons, 13% women
and 58% men had > 2 sex partners; 14% men had a same-sex partner. Although
81% understood that unprotected sex increases risk for HIV transmission, only
38% men and 60% women reported condom use. Logistical problems made initial HIV test results unavailable. All 370 persons who consented to rapid testing
were HIV-negative. Of 82 persons offered the post-education survey, 57 (70%)
responded. A lower proportion of post-education than initial survey respondents
reported being afraid of HIV-infected persons (72% vs. 40%, p < 0.05) or feeling

that HIV-infected persons should be locked up (58% vs. 25%, p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Despite the low sero-prevalence, risky sex behaviors in this small,
isolated population create potential for rapid spread of HIV Differences in HIV
knowledge and attitudes reflected by the initial and post-education surveys suggest a positive effect of education. Similar surveys should be repeated to monitor
behaviors and direct prevention efforts.

Presenting author: Toya Russell, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, M/S E-47, Atlanta,
Georgia, 30333, United States, Tel.: [phone], Fax: [phone],
E-mail: [email protected]
SWePeC6076 Human immunodeficiency virus serprevalence
among pregnant women in Mbouda (West
province,Cameroon)
D.C. Watsop1, J. Meli2, R. Leke2, C. Ngansop2, L. Kaptue2. 1Mfou District
Hospital, Mfou District Hospital, RPO. Box 16 Mfou, Cameroon; 2Faculty of
Medicine and Biomedical Scieces, Yaounde, Cameroon
Background: and objectives: In Mbouda, practitioners have been reporting an
increase in the number of AIDS cases in the two main hospitals of the town. The
aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant
women and to describe the characteristics associated with HIV infection in this
population.
Methods: From September 1999 to January 2000, we undertook a crosssectional study using the unlinked anonymous HIV screening method. During a
four week period, all pregnant women attending an a ntenatal clinic at the Child
and Women Welfare departments of the district and Ad-lucem hospitals were invited to take part in a study to measure the prevalence of syphilis. We used a
pretested questionnaire to collect information of socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behaviour of our patients. The Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) was
used for estimating syphilis infection. Regarding HIV, all samples were screened
by a first screening test, SerodiaHIV1/2 and HIV0. Samples tested positive were
tested by a second test, Boehringers' sticks. Repeatedly positive samples were
considered HIV positives.
Results: A total of 369 pregnant women were recruited into the study. The overall HIV seroprevalence was 3.3% (12/369) (95% CI: 1.7-5.0). Syphilis prevalence
was also 3.3% (95% CI:1.7-5.0).We found a statistically significant association
between HIV infection and syphilis (p<0.001). The past history of premature delivery was also associated with HIV seropositivity (p=0.03). There was no association between HIV seropositivity and marital status, gravidity, educational level,
history of blood transfusion.
Conclusion: HIV prevalence, although low in Mbouda (compared to the national
prevalence which was 7.2% in 1998) is disturbing. We therefore recommend that
HIV/AIDS and STDs prevention programs be implemented to prevent the rapid
spread of the virus and that HIV screening be part of routine exams during pregnancy in Mbouda.
Presenting author: Didie Clebert Watsop, Mfou District Hospital, P.O. Box 16
Mfou, Cameroon, Tel.: [phone], Fax: [phone], E-mail: dwatsop
@yahoo.com
WePeC6077 HIV epidemic in Russia and Eastern Europe: are
there any predictors for further heterosexual
spreading?
V.V. Pokrovskiy, N.N. Ladnaya, E.V. Sokolova. Russian Federal AIDS Center, b
2, 15 8-ya U/itsa, Soko/inoy Gory, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation
Background: Present significant increase of the HIV prevalence in many regions
of Russia and other Eastern European countries is conditioned by HIV spreading
in populations of intravenous drug users (IVDU). Our objective was to analyse
the changes of HIV transmission modes in order to predict further trends of the
epidemic and to produce possible scenarios.
Methods: Case reports for HIV-infection from different regions of Russia were
analysed.
Results: The number of primary registered HIV positive person was 19846 in
1999, 47037 in 2000 and 82437 in 2001. 768 (0,7% of 104517 HIV-positive persons with reported risk factor) were men who ever had sex with man, 4879 (4,7%)
were heterosexual men and women who denied using of intravenous narcotic
drugs and 97068 (92,9%) were heterosexual IVDU. 1312 (3,4%) of those who
were registered with main risk factor in 2000 and 4879 (4,2%) of those who
were registered in 2001 had heterosexual contacts as the only risk factor. The
percentage of heterosexuals non IVDU was 1,5% in 1996 and 2,1% in 2001 in
Krasnodarskiy region, however in Kaliningradskiy region percentage of heterosexuals increased from 1,2% in 1995 to 10,9% in 2001, though HIV began to
spread in IVDU in both regions since 1994, earlier than in other districts.
Conclusions: The conflicting data support the hypothesis that heterosexual
transmission of HIV may be not very rapid in Eastern Europe. However the total number of HIV-infected heterosexuals is growing and the rate of other STD is
very high. Several alternative prognoses will be discussed.
Presenting author: Vadim Pokrovskiy, b 2, 15 8-ya Ulitsa, Sokolinoy Gory,
Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation, Tel.: [phone], Fax: +7 095
3654680, E-mail: [email protected]