NIAID and Vaccine Research: Science and Policy

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Limitations of Current Anti-HIV Drugs
I Ouality of life issues, e.g. frequency of dosing,
number of pills, side effects, interactions with
food and other medications
Toxicitles
* Inability to completely suppress virus replication
5 Persistence of viral reservoirs
Emergence of resistance
m Cost/Access

HIV/AIDS Worldwide
December, 2000
n People living with HIV/AIDS 38.1 million
0 New HIV infections in 2000 5.3 million
" HIV/AIDS deaths in 2000 3.0 million
a Cumulative HIV/AIDS deaths 21.8 million

NIH Funding for AIDS Research,
FY 2002
Prevention
$1.08
40.1%

$2.501B (est.)

HIV Prevention: Key Areas of
Research
Prevention of maternal.fetal transmission
Topical microbicides
n Behavioral modification
Reducing transmission due to injection drug use
8 STD control
Antiretroviral therapy; e.g., treatment of HIV.
infected people to lower viral load, pre- and post.
exposure prophylaxis
0 Vaccine development

HIV Vaccine
Development