[Press Kit, International Conference on AIDS (13th : 2000 : Durban, South Africa)]

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
about Microbicides
What is a microbicide?
A "microbicide" is any substance that can substantially reduce transmission of sexually transmitted
infections (STIs) when applied either in the vagina or rectum. Like today's spermicides, a microbicide
could be produced in many forms, including gels, creams, suppositories, films, or in the form of a
sponge or a vaginal ring that slowly releases the active ingredient over time.
Are such products currently available?
No. Scientists are currently testing existing spermicides and other substances to see whether they help
prevent the spread of HIV and/or other sexually transmitted infections. Scientists are seriously pursuing
over 50 product leads, including at least 20 products that have proven effective in animals and are now
being tested in people. With sufficient investment, a microbicide could be available to consumers within
5 years.
How would a microbicide work?
Scientists are presently exploring three different approaches to microbicide development. Among these
are substances that:
1) kill or otherwise immobilize STI pathogens
2) block infection by creating a barrier between the pathogen and the vagina or rectum; or
3) prevent the infection from taking hold after it has entered the body.
Would a microbicide eliminate the need for condoms?
No. When used consistently and correctly, condoms are likely to provide better protection against HIV
and STIs, so they will still be the preferred option. But for people who cannot or will not use a condom,
and particularly for women whose partners refuse condoms, using microbicides can save lives and
have a substantial impact on the epidemic.
Would a microbicide protect against all sexually transmitted infections?
Since STIs are caused by different pathogens (some viral, some bacterial), a microbicide that works
against one STI pathogen would not necessarily protect against another. But scientists are trying to
develop a product that would be effective against a wide range of pathogens, including HIV.
What if a woman wants to get pregnant?
Some of the microbicides being investigated prevent pregnancy and some do not. Women's groups
have argued persuasively that it is important to have a non-contraceptive microbicide in addition to one
that prevents pregnancy, so that women and couples can protect their health and still have children.
This is not possible with condoms.
Would such products be safe?
Any new product must go through rigorous safety testing before it can be made available to consumers.
Fortunately, many of the substances being investigated have been around a long time, and some are
even commonly used in food. Several approaches work by boosting the vagina's natural defense
mechanisms.
Would men benefit from a microbicide as well?
There is every reason to believe that a woman's male partner would also be protected from infection if

she used a vaginal microbicide. Microbicides may work for rectal use, but the safety and effectiveness
of microbicides for rectal use must be established separately. Rectal safety studies of some potential
microbicides are just beginning.
Global Campaign for STI/HIV Prevention Alternatives for Women, Takoma Park, MD. July 2000. For info. contact [email protected]