The Progress of Nations 2000

Mother-to-child transmission risk better known

Mtiore tIrhat 70" o of w-rttcI Iett'wi I: too
49itt11 IVIl -endemictounoittiies ittlie, I lait i, Ketixa, l'at tatia, ligatnla,!anhiaan liatttlalxv(see Iisi) knox
Ithat atmotther intt fetel wi thliiIV clant
tratnstmit the vitits to lilt (childl.
Sutrvey (data frtom 1I7 c'001110s
show tat awaitrenetss of t harit 1 ssil I
risk is highest irr (0111ntisxwithf high
111 V-pt'evaleii'e trates anid tmneh lowetr iii (outriies wi tit tefat ivly loxx
I V-p revalen c 'ates, stichtas Chlad,
M'adlagas(car, Mali and Nige'.
In 199, 1.3 tmillioni ('ldrl t'rtc111(1(1
the age of f15 wxere infeeted withf
H-IIV. III mny of' these eases, tie
xi ris was passef frottttmotfterto (
ehildttting late llt'l' attl'v, lalotr,

flillith lt'It'heastf'eedittg.
These figr es suhggest, th-erefiore,
that awaretness of' risk and kntowledge of' fow 1( avoidltratnsittin tg
the xiruis ate stiffl not1sufficet to1
Voluntarx testitng and ountseflittg
must he availalde in anttetnatal (clittics
to l~tlrxidf('itt fotniatiOtt ottwhat
xxutett eatn dlo)if' they ate ll V jpo~sitix'e attd, givent theit' sit natioin, what
a(ccepf t alle altern'tative's to bt'(astfeed itg extst.
Also, even itt Icotntr'iIs where H I V
is titl stfrevalent, till tfajot'it v(If'
tmot htets are nttllH[IV flllsitive, and~ it
is itltlIIottatlt that testittg and co(ttnsellittg sericie~s ate availahfe t(o help
thernavolill infection.

wotlitn partiptiifntitg ittl5s(1h 1)l'I- - ittfee(t i(Ittattridassist those xx tI Iate
giattitnes have(droppfedl f'toltt25" o itiheted ittittakittg itihlttitell IIelitil 7.5'%111 tI~ts alI(Ittsexital actic e's, ('lil(fThese flt'(gtatites also Ioff('t' Ibating atti Iitnfant fieling.
Mothers' knowledge
Percentage of women (aged 15-49) who know that the AIDS virus con be
transmitted from a mother to her child

Dominican Rep.
Zimbabwe
Zambia
Kenya
Uganda
South Africa
Peru
Haiti
Tanzania

96
92
88
85
85
84
79
74
73

Central African Rep.
Cote d'Ivoire
Cameroon
Benin
Madagascar
Mali
Chad
Niger

70
66
65
62
58
4]
36
26

Aid for AIDS unequal to the challenge

Tfhe Ilaittle agaitist AlIlDS Iit he (levelllefittittg an ittrntationtal etttetgettlv
()it te grtand~est 51''iltst last xeat',
(It III V/Al 1) (U NA Ill)S) releasedl
fignres Istittatittog that $2 lliotn Io
$3 Killioti attttallx woltildl he needed
to I'(Ittbat thfe Ifisease. ITe greatest
tteedf is itt 5ttf -Salhatatn A frtiIa, ftottt
toI 70%1 (f' all pIole l'livitig withI
HIV/AII)S.

Itt t he face o(f' t his ettieigett (Y,
floweve', ai I fromit td ust riafized1
('(uitr ies fort' ILV / A IDS-r'elated
actixvitiles itt dfvelopfinig eotr
(Itotto l95111 (f fpeoplllivintg with
t Iisease) toltalledh (Itly $302 otilliott itt1998.
ITe U nitedl States was thte largest
If(IttIrt gixittg $147 nmillioti (1.71111 (f'
its toltal aidf), hllloxxellby the Utnited
Kitngdlom, _whtich] gave'$26 million,
atid thft NeIthetrland~s, xxtieh gave

Lending a hand
United States
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Canada
Germany
Norway
Sweden
Japan
Australia
Denmark
Belgium
Luxembourg
Switzerland
Finland

Aid for
HIV/AIDS, ]998
($ millions)
147
26
22
15
15
15
14
12
8
5
2
2

Aid as% of
total donor aid,
1998
1.7
0.7
0.7
0.9
0.3
1.1
1.0
0.1
1.3
0.5
0.6
1.8
0.2
0.4

$22 miillion. The Uttited States has
atintuntedlthIat inthtel'yeat' 200() its
aill tol developfittg 'oti ties fot'11Ill
All )S freen'tt iotn ft'lgtantiewillxi
teacht $270 titilliott.
Assistanee for' All )S-refate'd aeatttltttted to lehss thfatn 11111 (fIf' feit'
toltal aidI Iisburtsemnlltt inlI1))8, a
(Ii5('(nl'a11itll statist ic as toltal aid
f't'n idutstrtialized to develo(Ifintg
tweent 1992attd 1998.
APIdfotr H IV!Al )S-related aeti v i t ies has itneteased( tmorl t hatn
fivefold frtotm $59 ntillioni itt 1987,
butt fnltrhtig pet' petrsoIt has alt itallx
dwxitndledf as the ep~ideic'tt has (esItlated. in 1988, aid funtding toltalledl
$21 p~er pelrsonllivitig withft11V/
A 11)S; in1998, f'ttolittg xxot'(')l1(out
toIh lfess thiatn$9 pet' petrsont.
Itn Africa, HIV/AII)S kills 10
titmes as tiatnv peoleIl as (10 xars ott
need-(s to 11(1(st its tesoitrees to fight
thitis dleadly Inemytl~i.

~7~WI7

I11(l1(1/l Ill (fl (IiS('i1.s.S (I (11 I ll)(I i.il ()Il
f)r('t( nti11 s('.x11(1//1 I/YIIts/Ilill('(I
infcrliOIts, ili(/(1(lill(g- MI YAMS.
1/1(11(1 ((Ow I(((S (lOS(' 1O.I T lil/rut(
f)('() f)l (' lll/ s 1(s1 (1 /1(I f (I ('t'.5 (1
(l('1,(I.SlutiII ('/)(()(('(l(('.