Report on the Global HIV/AIDS epidemic

Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic - June 2000
Table of contents

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6 Global estimates of the HIV/AIDS epidemic as of end 1999
7 Preface
8 AIDS in a new millennium: a grim picture with glimmers of hope
8 Africa: the enormous challenges of a long-lasting epidemic
12 Asia holds HIV at bay - but for how long?
15 Latin America: an epidemic with many faces
17 HIV in the Caribbean: small islands, large epidemic
18 Eastern Europe and Central Asia: drug injecting is still the main risk
19 High-income countries: long survival but more risk behaviour
21 Waking up to devastation
21 The demographic impact of AIDS
21 The population chimney
23 Increases in adult and child mortality rates are already being recorded
25 In some countries, over a third of 15-year-olds may die of AIDS
26 Social and economic impacts
27 Household impacts
29 The toll on teaching...
29... the toll on learning
31 Health sector under stress
32 Impact on agriculture
33 The bottom line: HIV is hurting business
37 What makes people vulnerable?
38 Fear, stigma and denial: a vicious circle
40 Uninformed and hence vulnerable
42 Lack of education: a growing liability
45 Men and women on the margins
46 Young girls: vulnerable for many reasons
49 Violence against women
49 Violence in the home
51 Sexual abuse of women and children
55 Prevention: daunting challenges ahead
55 Avoiding heterosexual transmission: how well are existing prevention strategies working?
56 How many young people manage to delay first sex?
56 How many stay abstinent before marriage?
57 Sex before marriage: the HIV risks
58 What about fidelity between regular partners?
59 Condom use: rising, but still not enough
65 Men who have sex with men
65 Prevention is faltering in high-income countries
67 The high cost of neglect and denial
68 Men who have sex with men and women
71 HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: an opportunity to strengthen prevention
72 Turning past failure into future success
74 Injecting drug use: the other HIV epidemic
76 Reducing HIV transmission among drug users: interventions are effective but not poltically popular::i

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