Bridging the Gap: Conference Record [Abstract book, International Conference on AIDS (12th: 1998: Geneva, Switzerland)]

12th World AIDS Conference

Abstracts 33116-33122 615

331161 Dual methodology in the family planning programs,
increase the demand of condoms
Maria Calderon Melgar. 21 Avenida "B' 0-05 Zona 15 Vista Hermosa II,
Guatemala
PROBLEMATIC: Low demand of condoms as Family Planning Method in the
APROFAM Clinics.
PROJECT: In 1996 begin the integration process of Prevention, Diagnostic and
treatment Services of STD/HIV/AIDS to the Family Planning in APROFAM, with a
strong component of Integrated Advisory, in which through the exploration of Sex
and Reproductive life of the clients, determine their autoperception risk in view of
the Pandemia.
Through the sensibilization of the problem and training Personal to offer the
Integrated Advisory, it has gotten to improve it.; that is why when the client assists
to the Family Planning Clinics, is looking for a Contraceptive Methood; we suggest
in addition of the selected method, the correct and solid use of the condom to
protect of an STD in general; and the HIV/AIDS in particular.
OUTCOMES: We obseerve an increase of sale of 508,089 condoms after
1 year of the Implementation Project success, getting an increase of the 44%
according to 1995.
LEARNED LESSON: The Family Planning Sesion is in our country maybe the
unique opportunity for the women in productive age to obtain knowledges about
the STD/HIV/AIDS and to protect them. All the health programs may integrate the
Prevention, Diagnostic and Treatment Services of STD/HIV/AIDS.
33117 AIDS prevention program in highway rural area of Nepal
Deepak Pyakuryal. Nepal, CRS Company Private Limited Lalitpur, Post Box No
842 Kathmandu, Nepal
Issue: Rural area of Nepal has little AIDS education people are unable to overcome its prejudice towards the condom, which they associate with brothels and
immoral behavior.
Project: Condom de-sensitization or more socially acceptable for STD,
HIV/AIDS preventing program. A display contest was organized for all type
of general shops for the period of one month. 75% of shops were participated for
that contest. They display condoms, comic books illustrating the story of the film
(AIDS education), poster, danglers (AIDS education material) and some locally
produced IEC materials.
Result: This display contest has been very successful in decreasing levels
of embarrassment about the condom and making it a socially acceptable health
product.
Before the contest, women hesitate to go those shops where they keep condoms. During the contest they use to go that shops because most of the shops
are full of condom display materials. After the contest, most of the people are
very familiar with condom. Shopkeeper report that people are more willing to buy
condom openly.
Lesson Learned: In HIV preventing activities such kind of contest is also
necessary. When the majoring of the people lies in rural area that are just as
much as risk of HIV transmission as towards and cities in developing countries.
Contest such as essays, talk, presentation are educated through contest can be
extremely effective.
33118Evaluation of practical use of condoms among young
people in Kisumu, Kenya
Edwin G. Auka, C.O. Auma, J.M. Masuka. Tapwak, PO. Box 30583, Nairobi,
Kenya
Objective: To evaluate the practical use of condoms for safe-sex purposes in an
adolescent population.
Method: 200 adolescents attending a health facility were asked if they had
read how-to-use instructions on condom packets. Those answering "Yes" (196)
were given a packaged condom and asked to put it on aruber penis.
Results: None of the subjects were able to perform the task correctly. The
most frequent error was opening the package with their teeth.
Lessons Learned: Doubt is cast upon the effectiveness of printed material on
the correct use of condoms for safe-sex purposes in adolescents. It seems that
individual instruction or video-type instruction is necessary prior to offering printed
materials.
3311r9 Condom use in patients attending a sexually diseases
clinic
Yaw Adu-Sarkodie1, M. Steiner2. 1Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, POBox
1934 Kumasi, GHANA; 2Family Health International, North Carolina, USA
Objectives: Patients with sexually transmitted diseases serve as a core group in
the spread of STDs including HIV infection. They have been infected due to non
use or failed barrier contraception. In order to mount an effective programme to

address their non use of condoms it is important to study reasons why condoms
are not being used by this group of patients.
Methods: 298 consecutive patients presenting to an STD clinic in Ghana were
interviewed via a structured questionnaire. Demographic data and reasons for
non use of condoms was elucidated.
Results: 153 females and 145 were interviewed. Mean age at coitarche was 18
years (female) and 17.8 years (males). 72.4% of females never used a condom

in the past 3 months. 8% of females used condoms all or most of the time
as against 50% of males. Common reasons for not condoms was; desire for
pregnancy (females 32.3%, males 19.7%), not liking them (females and males
15%). Condoms were used for both contraceptive and STD prevention in 60% of
men and 50% of women.
Condom use in this population at high risk of STDs was low, especially among
females. Reaons given for non use impinge directly on culture eg. desire for pregnancy. In raising the profile of condom use in this population, deeply ingrained
cultural issues need to be addressed.
S33120 Why do people not use condoms? A survey in Adjumani
and Moyo Districts, northern Uganda
Jean Williams Idro1, M. Guma2, M. Akwir2, J. Dralobu2, J. Homsy2, R. King3.
1 Moyo AIDS Control Initiative (MACI), Adjaumani; 2MACI, Adjumani;
3MSF-Switzerland, Kampala, Uganda
Objective: To understand the reason for not using condoms as a preventive
measure against HIV/AIDS and plan appropriate strategy for condom promotion.
Methods: Since 1991, an AIDS prevention and care programme that promoted
and distributed condoms was initiated in rural northern Uganda. In a 1997 study
conducted to assess the knowledge and practices about AIDS prevention methods, 265 respondents aged 15-55 years were randomly interviewed about their
ability to identify condoms, whether they ever used them and whether or not they
could explain and demonstrate them.
Results: Of a total of 265 respondents, 189 (71%) reported they had never
used a condom. Yet, 95% of these people were able to correctly identify a condom.
Ability to explain or demonstrate condoms were as follows:

Explain condom use
Could explain, I effectively
Could not explain
Demonstrate condom use
Could demonstrate, ~ effectively
Could not demonstrate

Ever used
(N = 76, 2 missing)
73 (94%)
0 (0%)
Ever used
(N = 76, 5 missing)
70 (91%)
1 (1%)

Never used
(N = 189,6 missing)
111 (58%)
72 (38%)
Never used
(N = 189, 1 missing)
91 (48%)
97 (51%)

Reasons of female (F) and male (M) respondents for never having used
condoms included:
Faithfulness: F: 45 (33%)/M: 38 (30%); Abstinence: F: 21 (15%)/M: 14 (11%);
Break: F: 5 (4%)/M: 10 (8%).
Women can't decide: F: 12 (9%)/M: 0 (0%); Against culture/religion: F: 4 (3%)/M:
13(10%).
Conclusion: In this study, more males had used condoms than females, yet
most were still able to identify them. Even though condom use is increasing as
compared to the beginning of our programme, a substantial number of people
have either not been reached with information, or are hindered by cultural issues,
or still have fear/shame to demonstrate condoms. Programmes should intensify
education on condom promotion and target women more intensively.
33121 Sex selling and use of condoms at one of Kampala's
hotels in relation to AIDS/STDS
Florence Tamale-Ssalli K. Taso Headquarters PO. Box 10443, Kampala, Uganda
Objective: 1) To ascertain AIDS/STDs related knowledge and practices; 2) To
find out their protective measures against AIDS/STDs
Method: A 3 months research was carried out and a random selection was
done for 30 girls aged between 16-35 years. For data collection we carried out
interviews, discussions and structured observations.
Results: 1) 15 out of 30 girls had knowledge of AIDS/STDs but had little control
over protective measures for example big clients preferred body to body contact.
2) 25 out of 30 girls had boyfriends/husbands where they go after a day's work
and condoms are rarely used there.
3) Clients expected condoms to be provided as part of the service
4) 26 out of 30 girls insists on condom use where a customer is not selective
Conclusion: Condom use in commercial sex is in use but since the drive is
cash, sometimes fails when big money comes in. Partners of sex workers may
also be at risk due to the inconsistence. Future health promotion efforts will need
to address client's rationalisation for unsafe sex.
33122 Why male condoms are not popular with African men
Catherine A. Oyugi. PO Box 49196 Nairobi Kenya Women AIDS Support
Organization, Kenya
Objective: A research was conducted among 800 men to find out why condoms
were not really popular with African men.
Method: Focus group discussions, one to one interviews and questionaires
were conducted.
Results: Several factors were identified.
(a) Cultural issues associated with sex and sex organs.
(b) Condoms were clumsy, slipped off and reduced pleasure.
(c) Sizes of condoms a hinderance, some are too small or too short.
(d) Condom failure due to technicalities associated with them.