Bridging the Gap: Conference Record [Abstract book, International Conference on AIDS (12th: 1998: Geneva, Switzerland)]

244 Abstracts 14307-14312

12th World AIDS Conference

14307 Researchers and the researched: Partnership for
HIV/AIDS prevention
Paula-Frances Kelly. Care International in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City; 91/35 Su
Van Han Noidai Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam NAM 010, Vietnam
Issue: In a bid to quickly get results to enable development and implementation of
interventions to minimize HIV virus spread, researchers are often tempted to use
fast result methods leaving out the special ingredient - those being "researched".
Project: CARE Vietnam in the southern region since 1991 has trailled different
research approaches in it's work in HIV/AIDS prevention in a bid to discover the
best method of collecting valid and reliable data on which effective prevention
programmes can be based with confidence. Each method has been evaluated on
its ability to produce useable data, the degree to which the programme designed
from the research was in fact the most appropriate, the extent to which the method
assisted in preparing a target audience for a programme seen by them as relevant
to their lives, and the extent to which sustainable relationships developed using
the method leading to a critical reference group for the analysis and programme.
Results: A schema has been developed from least effective to most effective
within different contexts. The results have shown that regardless of the method
of data collection, the key ingredient for optimum success is that those who are
going to benefit from the intervention developed are actually involved in the development of tools, data collection, the analysis and the intervention itself. Quick
data collection by "outsiders" i.e. researchers, is more likely to elicit data which
have the potential to miss the crux of the situation and interventions following can
be off target and a waste of money, time and effort.
Lessons Learned: Researchers certainly have skills but in isolation from
those being "researched" their results can be less than valid. The time taken to
involve the target group in the whole research implementation process is not only
worthwhile, it is essential.
14308 1 HIV prevalence and risk behaviours
Anabella Arrendondo', E. Ortiz2, R. Child2. 'Mac Iver 541 Of. 68 Santiago;
2Comision Nacional del Sida Ministerio De Salud Santiago, Chile
Objective: To evaluate usefulness of linking HIV prevalence and risk behaviours
studies in order to measure the impact of intervention programs ill the Health
System and to give input to redesign of preventive activities.
Methods: Association between prospective unlinked HIV seroprevalence study
and risk practices carried out in patients of two Sex Transmitted Diseases Clinics
(STDC) of regions with the highest AIDS prevalence in Chile; Metropolitan Region
(RM) and V Region.
Results: 53% of men and 17% of women declare more than one sex couple
in the last 6 months. The use of condom, showed variation between men and
women according the sex of the couples. 30% of men declaring to have a male
couple, always use it, and 67% sometimes or never; while 3.7% of the ones who
have female couples always use of it and 96.3% sometimes or never. Among
women with multiple male partners, 11.9% declare always use condoms and
85.8% sometimes or never. Regarding multisex partners: men seems to have
a higher perception of HIV risk when their couples are men than when their
are women, while women have a lower perception than 23.1% of the people
interviewed mentioned a previous STD in the last 12 months (13.7% RM and
26.3% V Region), 68.3% of them have requested attention in a STDC, and consequently it might be considered have received preventive counselling according
National Recommendations; however the high rate of reincidence might indicate
counselling was not done or lack of afficacy. Difference found between both
STDC suggests all inequal counselling. The previous realization of the HIV test
is declared by 47.3%, 1% of them knew they were HIV+, which indicates a lack
of prevention, as they are consulting with a STD Risk HIV perception among
those ones who had had the test previously and those who hadn't, didn't show
meaningful differences. This indicate that there is no counselling before and after
the request for the test, or it doesn't produce a risk perception, which hardly will
lead to preventive behavious.
Conclusions: The link between the study of HIV prevalence and risk behaviours, has been considered a valuable tool by the two STDC, as it allowed
them to evaluate the impact of the performances carried out and it provide elements to are design them. CONASIDA concludes that's necessary to implement
counselling as and important tool in prevention as well as checking its application.
14309 Simplifying compliance-adherence to behavioral and
therapeutic regimens using a three-component model
Herb Ladd', M. Hamel', N. Gilmore2, C. Pepler2. Concordia University 7141
Sherbrooke W., Montreal, Quebec; 2McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Issue: Description of a comprehensive framework that can improve the empirical
study of compliance-adherence.
Project: Safer sex, safer drug injecting and sustained suppression of HIV replication each requires meticulous compliance with, and long-term adherence to,
behavioral standards. Understanding compliance-adherence, and what promotes,

supports and re-inforces it, necessitates a comprehensive framework whereby
compliance-adherence can be studied, thereby providing empirically verifiable
models of such behaviours.
Results: Health belief and reasoned action models are often used to explain
these behaviours, in particular their psychological aspects. But, they seldom
provide robust predictors of behaviour since they often fail to address, or control
for, the impact of the task(s) involved or the context(s) or setting(s) within which

these behaviors occur. A more powerful model results by simplifying complianceadherence to a tripartite model involving the task to be performed, the person
performing it and the setting or context in which it is performed. By controlling the
influence or impact of any two components in this model, the third one can be
studied more accurately. The influence or impact of each component can be assessed by changing one while controlling the others. Different tasks, settings and
personal characteristics of those performing the tasks, in particular psychological
determinants of the behaviour being studied, can be compared. Repetitive tasks
can be studied, such as recurring safer sex, safer drug injecting and regularly taking medications over time. A three component model of compliance-adherence is
also compatible with other behavioral models such as health belief and reasoned
action ones.
Lessons Learned: Modelling compliance-adherence as a tripartite behaviour
of a task, setting and person performing the task provides a simple, comprehensive and universally applicable means to study complex behaviors such as safer
sex, safer drug injecting and chronic treatment.
14310 An ethnographic research on prostitution in
Mahabalipuram
A.J. Hariharan Mjikari Jarnathanan. 369, 6th St, 18th Main Road, 'I' Block,
Vallalar Colony, Anna Nagar West, Chennai-600 040, India
Objectives: - To identify the different network of sex workers and their clients
- To obtain knowledge about the sex surrounding industries and their movements
-To obtain information about their lanuage, Socio-economic conditions, literacy,
ethinic background, religion STD service and the channels of communications of
sex workers and their clients and sexual encounters inorder to quantify condom
need.
Design: An explanatory ethnography Research.
Methodology: Due to repression and taboo the sex industries are largly underground. For this reason this research technique had been used. The assessment
involves a number of quantitative research steps like participants observation
focus groups, indepth key information interviewers and mock clients.
Results: The result of this is still kept confidential inorder to protect the concern
community from more repression. The team had spent sufficient time on field and
in close touch with the target groups, learn the language spoken by the people
were under study.
Establish ties of intimacy to be able to onserve from within the community. Live
and work a close as possible, learn first, not start teaching or worse preaching
Conclusion: The aasessment research had given a clear sight of the entire
sex industries. The research had helped us to identify a key channel of communivation. It also gave a geograhical movement of sexworkers. (For example) 61%
of sex workers comes from Andhrapradesh - 24% from Tamilna du - 7% from
Kerela - 8% from Karnataka and other parts of the country.
14311 1 Sexual behaviour and AIDS transmission among high
school students in a megacity from the northeastern of
Brazil
Amelia Rodrigues', Ligia Kerr-Pontes2, R.M. Mota2. 'Av Visconde Rio Branco
2510 Apt. 101; 2Universidade Federal do Ceara Fortaleza CE, Brazil
Backgroud: The adolescence is a phase from the human growth when the people become more vulnerable to get an undesirable pregnancy, sexual transmited
disease (SDT) and AIDS.
Methods: A semi-structured questionair was applied among 650 students from
28 publics and privates schools, between 14 and 20 years old, choosen randomly
through stratified sample. To continuous variable it was used the T test, and to
categorical variable the x2 test, using the 5.0 version of software STATA.
Results: Mean age of the students was 17 years old (sd. 1.5). Mean age of
the first sexual intercourse among female students (16) was significantly greater
than among male students (14; p < 0.001). Students proportion who had at
least one sexual intercourse in their lifetime was significantly greater among male
(70%) than female students (27%; p < 0.001). Frequency of sexual intercourse
during the past mouth among female students (68%) who has already engaged
in sexual intercourses in their lifetime, was greater than among male students
(53%; p = 0.03). However, female's partners were more frequently stable partner
(81%) than among male students (37%; p < 0.001). Male students were more
likely to use condoms ALWAYS (48%) than female students (33%; p = 0.03).
Conclusions: High school students in Fortaleza initiate their sexual activity
early and male students are more sexualy active than female ones. However,
less than half of male students and 1/3 of female students use condom in all
sexual intercourse. Therefore this behaviors put them at risk to HIV infection.
155*/14312 Varieties of homosexuality in Bangladesh:
Implications for HIV prevention
Carol Jenkins. Int'l. Cent. Diar. Dis. Res. B. GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000,

Bangladesh
Objectives: The national AIDS policy of Bangladesh has recognised the existence of male to male sex and the likelihood of high risk behaviour. The policy calls
for much needed research in this domain. In order to address this need, a study
was carried out to explore the varieties and contexts of same sex experiences
among males and the life courses of these men.