Abstracts Vol. 1 [International Conference on AIDS (11th: 1996: Vancouver, Canada)]

Track D: Social Science: Research, Policy & Action
Tu.D.2864
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CULTURAL MODEL FOR BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
Paula Kelly. CARE International in Vietnam
Project: Crucial to the success of the overall CARE programme has been the development
of a method of gauging
Issue: What are the Vietnamese prevalent cultural values which impact on attitudes to influence the choices of behaviours of men and women regarding HIV/AIDS protection? How
can this information be used to change attitudes and minimize the virus spread?
fairly accurately the fundamental values underlying particular attitudes which influence sexual practices of subgroups.This method is in the form of a culture - behavioural model.The
model has been developed from research which uses an eclectic and participatory methodology incorporating focus groups, diaries, oral histories, workshops, participant observation,
interviews, document analysis and group work sessions and tested with Vietnamese subgroups of men and women. Documentation has been circulated widely
Results: The development of this model as an explanation of attitudes and behaviours has:
(I) Provided targetting of HIV/AIDS prevention and support projects. (2) Given an explanation of the roots of the attitudes and so offers a range of directions for impacting on
behaviours and environments. (3) Shown that it can be a training tool where facilitators
require people and groups to develop action plans themselves. (4) Shown the importance
of documentation, planning and of cultural understanding within the HIV/AIDS area.
The model itself is non-threatening, non-judgemental and gender sensitive and has been
found to be equally useful across cultures, socio-economic classes, age groups and education levels.
Lessons Learned: The main lesson is that wide participation in research and programme
development is the key to awareness of attitudes. From this, behaviours can change bringing
about adaptation of values within a culture. A second lesson is that widely circulated userfriendly documentation is essential for the acceptance of reality.
Paula Kelly, 91/35 Su Van Hanh noi dai St., Dist. I, HCMC,VietnamTel.: 84-8-650232 Fax: [phone]
Tu.D.2865
CONTEMPORARY AFRICAN ART INVOLVED IN PREVENTION OF AIDS
PIVIN Jean-Lou. MARTIN SAINT-LEON Pascal, FALL N'Gone, NJAMI Simon,TILLETTE
Bruno, MAUREL Henri. Revue Noire.
Issue: Contemporary African artists and African art shall be involved in prevention of AIDS
and support of PWAs.
Project: Revue Noire, contemporary African art magazine published in Paris (France) is in
charge of this project and has proposed to 30 African artists to create a special work
(photo, video, sculpture, music, ballet, poetry literature & painting) based on their own emotional relation with AIDS and PWA'S in order to express the global human reality of AIDS.
The works produced, coming from several countries as Senegal, Burundi,Togo, Benin, Egypt,
Morrocco, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, South Africa, Rwanda, are now available.These works
constitute an exclusive catalogue for all those involved in AIDS struggle in Africa (NGO's,
medias, education and cultural programs and networks).
Results:The first use of this catalogue was one hourTV program, broadcasted through
African channels the I st of december 1995. Along with the TV program, a CD of I 3 m
composers and singers and the 19th issue of Revue Noire (I 14 pages english and french
including 44 pages of scientific and practical informations on AIDS in Africa writing collaboration with OPALS-Paris). 20 000 issues of Revue Noire have been available at the last conference of Kampala (10- 14 december 95). An first global exhibition Cotonou (Benin) for
the I st of December: Other locations will follow in 1996.
Lessons learned: The implication and the response of the african artists and the edition of
Revue Noire showed a wide interest of people involved in communication and prevention.
Pivin Jean-Lou 8, rue Cels, 750 I 4 Paris, France.Tel: I -43-20-28- I 4 Fax: I -43-22-92-60
Tu.D.2867
MICROCOSM CULTURAL FACTORS IN THE SPREAD OF AIDS: SEX METHODS AND
CONDOM USUAGE AMONG THE BATORO IN WESTERN UGANDA.
Maiso Grace William. Department of History, Makerere University
Issue: The traditional sexual methods of the Batoro, make them very susceptible to the
acquisition of HIV.Thus even effective condom usuage is glossly affected by the methods.
Project: A research project was undertaken targetting Batoro of Western Uganda aged I 6
to 27 years and sexually active.Two stage sampling was used to determine the sample population of 150. In the first stage, cluster sampling was used to get the clusters of Batoro in
tertiary institutions; those in secondary school; and those in working class, out of the number of 5 clusters. In the second stage, simple random sampling (random digits) was used to
obtain the number of 50 in each clusterThree methods of Data Collection were used viz
postal enumeration; interview, and secondary sources, over a period of three months.
Results: The high rate of HIV+ people among the Batoro has a positive correlation with
the traditional sex methods (ii) Effective condom usuage is not possible with cultural sexual
practices, thereby increasing the spread of AIDS.
Lessons Learned: AIDS Information and prevention programs have hardly addressed this
problem. Specially designed education programms ought to be used in changing the practices among communities with strong traditional sexual practices.
Mr: Maiso Grace William, Dept. Of History Box 7062 Kampala
Tu.D.2869
SINAIS EM TEMPOS DE AIDS:AIDS OUTREACH PROGRAM TARGETING THE
BRAZILIAN DEAF COMMUNITY
Souza, Luiz Carlos*, Pinto, A.L.L.*, Garcia M.I.S*, Barcellos PP*. * Nucleo de Orientagio em
Saide Social - NOSS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Issue: The Brazilian Deaf Community is at high risk for HIV/AIDS but do not access traditional health and educational programs.The Brazilian Deaf Community is separate from
other disabled groups by the virtue of communication process, not physical handicaps.The

Brazilian Deaf Community considers itself a minority group, a separate entity because of its
unique culture, language and social norms. For years, deaf people have experienced oppression through inferior education, and by hearing people's denial of the Deaf Culture and
Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS- L(ngua Brasileira de Sinais).

Tu.D.2864 - Tu.D.287 I
Project: An AIDS/STD outreach program targeting the Brazilian Deaf Community for education and prevention using specially trained deaf educators giving out information in
Brazilian Sign Language was initiated at Nucleo de Orientagao em Sadde Social, a NGO in
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. By aiming to provide access to advice, support, counselling/befriending
and specialist consultation to Brazilian Deaf people on HIV and sexually related issues,
"Sinais em Tempos de AIDS" has been conciously breaking new ground in Brazil. Regular
weekly meetings are held at NOSS, where regular information on safer sex and sexual
health is given and videos about safer sex are shown.
Results: The "Sinais em Tempos de AIDS" project has been extremely well accepted by the
Brazilian Deaf Community In addition to their information and prevention role, the deaf
educators fill a health-worker role which cannot be done by hearing outreach workers.This
role includes the production of educational and informative resources and materials and
giving out information to the Brazilian Deaf Community through lectures and workshops. In
the first 6 months, the project recorded 200 interventions, distributed 400 condoms, conducted 20 education workshops and counselled 200 deaf persons.
Lessons learned: AIDS information and prevention outreach programs directed at the
Brazilian Deaf Community can be especially successful when staffed by deaf educators
whose first language is Brazilian Sign Language - LIBRAS, recognizing their limitations and
strong possibilities.
L.C. Souza, Rua Bento Lisboa 89 apartamento 501, Catete, Rio de janeiro, RJ,
CEP 22.221-010, Brazil Tel/Fax: [phone] Pager: [phone] code I 193683
Tu.D.2870
AIDS PREVENTION PROGRAM TARGETING DEAF PEOPLE BELONGING TO THE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAE
Penarete, Diana,* *National AIDS Program, Ministry of Health, Colombia, **INSOR
Issue: People with hearing impairment, at risk for HIV / AIDS but do not have access to the
media communications neither to the educational brochures since 95% of them are illiterate.
Project: In Colombia there are about 350,000 deaf people forming a very closed community Only in 1995, there were four deaf people dying of AIDS. Bearing this in mind, the
National AIDS Program and upon special request targeted an AIDS education strategy to
the National Institute for the Deaf (INSOR) with peer education, based on communication
techniques adapted to this population.The information included basic facts about HIV /
AIDS, sexuality and safer sex, pre-test and post--test counselling, and issues on Human Right
for people living with HIV and deaf people.
Results: We trained and evaluated 15 hearing teachers who manage the deaf manual language (Average knowledge scores arose from 9.3 to 12. I over 15).This group carried out
three workshops for training 48 deaf leaders coming from 17 different branches from
INSOR in 17 different states of the countryThe average knowledge evaluation scores for
these groups results arose from 6.0 to 8.3 over 10.This indicates the good performance of
the original educators.These leaders have the duty to train 2.000 other deaf people in their
communities. We will have the evaluation scores of this training in 3 months and we will be
able to present the whole results at the Conference on July. As an important result, and as
part of the educational materials we produced a video-tape with the participation of deaf
actors (The deaf ask about AIDS), and translate to deaf manual language another videotape on AIDS prevention.The first one had better acceptance among the deaf leaders and
it has been replicated to be used in the workshops with the deaf community
Lessons Learned: For the first time in Colombia, the deaf community has been reached
with educational tools made with their participation.The National AIDS Program is trying
to target mass media campaigns with the use of deaf manual language and other actions
which decreased the isolation and lack of communication of the deaf people.
D. Penarete, Calle 39 A No. 20 40. Santafe de Bogota D.C. Columbia.Telefax: (57-1I) 287 -79-86
Tu.D.287 I
AIDS PREVENTION THROUGH PEER EDUCATION IN BOTSWANA
Emi, Beulah, Ellis, S., Mokgosi, A.,Williams, I., Harris, J. PSI/Botswana,The Botswana Social
Marketing Project (BSMP), Gaborone, Botswana
Issue: PSI/Botswana designed and implemented a research project on young adult reproductive health, with the following objectives: to educate large numbers of youth about safe
sex and condoms in ways that are enjoyable to them; change attitudes of young adults
about confidence in using condoms; and measure changes in attitudes and behaviors using
pre- and post- implementation surveys.
Methods: In Lobatse, the project held promotional and educational events in non-traditional condom outlets. Peer educators (PE) establish rapport with youth audiences during
shows called "Hot Jams."A popular DJ plays the latest in music and the PE dance and perform catchy rap songs about LOVERS PLUS condoms (local condom brand social marketed by PSI/Botswana). Other activities include condom-demonstration contests, role-plays,
and distribution of promotional samples. Pre- and post- implementation surveys polled a
random sample of I000 youth in Lobatse, and a similar sample from a control site,
Francistown, where PSI youth-targeted activities were not conducted.
Results: In comparing pre-test to the post-test administered 7 months after the launch of
the project, the following has occurred: I) Sexual activity has decreased from 40% in 1994
to 30% in 1995 as compared to the control village where the decrease was only from
39.1% to 36.1%;
2)Behavior to avoid diseases has increased from 76% in 1994 to 87% in 1995 in the intervention site; 3) Increase in those who have ever used a condom; 4) Decrease fhom I 8% to
4% of those reporting problems convincing a partner to use a condom; 5) Increase of 10%
between 1994 and 1995 of those who have one regular partner; 6) Increase of I0%
between 1994 and 1995 of those who used a condom with their last regular partne:
Conclusion: Youth are successful in educating other youth about AIDS and condoms. With
appropriate training and motivation, youth can cover a whole country with effective and
entertaining messages about HIV/AIDS prevention.

Beulah Emig, PSI, Private Bag 00465, Gaborone, Botswana,Telephone: [phone] Fax:
01 I 1-267-305-265 email: [email protected]

\O
ON
0
V
C
UCS
0
a)
V
a)
a)
0
(-9
U
o
0
cc
a.)
C3
X
c40