Abstracts Vol. 1 [International Conference on AIDS (11th: 1996: Vancouver, Canada)]

Tu.D.2713 -Tu.D.2717

Tuesday July 9, 1996

female heads-of-households, financial support for families or teenagers living in poverty, and
providing drugs for those drug dependent or perceived as vulnerable to drug dependency
Also, social status may be enhanced by the kind of gift or amount of money exchanged.
These types of exchange are distinct from prostitution and appear to be historically inte
grated into the economic fabric of the community
Conclusions: In this and similar comrnmunities, where some persons, especially womren, have
historically supplemented their income through sexual bartering, current HIV education and
prevention strategies may nriot be effective because some may perceive that the personal
and economic benefits outweigh their risks of HIV and other STDs. However, acceptance of
these sexual behaviors within communities may decrease after the behaviors are better
understood and the risk associated with them are highlighted.
Dale Stratford, Department of Anthropology I 350 Turlington, University of Florida,
Gainesville FL 326 I USA Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
email: stra 101 [email protected]
Tu.D.2713
FEW MEN AT SEX CLUBS AND CRUISING AREAS HAVE UNPROTECTED ANAL
INTERCOURSE
Woods, Wlliam J*, Mayne T*-*, Kegeles SM*. *Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS),
University of California, San Francisco, USA. 'INSERM, Marseilles, France, and CAPS, UCSF,
USA.
Objective: To determine how much of sexual risk takes place among rmen who have sex
with men in public sex environments (PSEs), such as sex clubs and cruising areas.
Methods: We systematically conducted observations of men having sex with men in 3 sex
clubs (monitored spaces) and I park cruising area in San Francisco. Observers circulated
the PSEs, unobtrusively counting sexual activities (i.e., one act of sex was counted when one
man's penis made contact with another man ir's anus or mouth, or a manr's anus was stimulated by another man's finger, fist or mouth; other sexual activities, such as rmutual masturbation, were not counted). At the time of the observations, men entering and exiting the PSEs
completed self-administered questionnaires. The entry survey asked men to describe their
last high risk sexual behavior, their current mood state, the use of alcohol or drugs prior to
arriving, and previous attendance at various PSEs.The exit survey asked about the kind of
sex men had while they were at the P'SE.
Results: Observers spent 32 hours at PSEs, observing sexual activity Anal sex was
observed at all PSEs, and occurred at a rate of 1.06 per hour. Observers noted condorm
use for 47% (.5/hr) of the anal sex acts, could not tell for 47% (.5/fhr),:rd saw no condomn
use for 6% (.06/hr) of the acts. 299 men participated in the exit survey; I 3% reported having anal sex and 41 % had oral sex while at a PSE;:75% of those reporting anal sex used
condoms; participants averaged between I and 2 partners. 332 men participated in the
entry survey and, of those who had previously had unprotected anal intercourse (62%),
69% reported that their last such event was at home; of the men who reported having
been tested for HIV (88%), 15% were HIV+.
Conclusions: The observers noted few acts of anal intercourse (7%), anrid, of those, 47%
were with condoms. Most participants inr the exit survey reported no unprotected ranal
intercourse. Other studies have suggested that men who go to PSEs are more likely to
engage in high risk sex; we found that nmen entering do report more high risl< sex at home
than they reported engaging in at PSEs.This study reinforces the success of monitoring
behavior at PSEs to create environments that support a social norm for lower risk sexual
activities.
Observed Sexual Interactions

Conclusions: Even when preferences for particular sexual acts seem fixed, interventions
may increase effectiveness by taking account of the deeper reasons why men prefer the
acts they do. VVWe,eed to appreciate men's erotic variability understand how deeply buried
pleasures trigger erotic varlu in sexual scenarios, and use that understanding to personalize
messages for change
James D.Weinric, Ph.D., HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center 2760 Fifth Avenue #200,
Sanri Diego, California, 92103 USATelephone: 619-543-5025 Fax [phone] e mail:
[email protected]
Tu.D.2715
STI RESEARCH IN ZIMBABWE, COMPILATION OF A DIRECTORY OF ABSTRACTS.
Mutsakani Beaver K*, Kerlkhoven R G*, Jackson H5,Woelk G"'. Southern Africa AIDS
Information Dissemination Service (SAfAIDS), Harare, Zimbarbwe: *Dept of Community
Medicine, University of 7Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
Objective:To collate current research into sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in
Zimbabwe in order to share research findings more effectively and identify research gaps.
Method:Both medical and sociobehavioural research on STIs in Zimbabwe was collated
through questionnaires and interview; 142 studies are reported on.
Results:The poster presents the collated STI studies outlining the main types of study and
location, key findings and conclusions, and identifies gaps in current research.
Conclusions:Extensive grey rnaterial/unpublished data exist as well as published data, the
main findings of both being presented in the poster: Findings include that sociobehavioural
research concentrates on KAPs, disparities exist in geographical and institutional location of
studies, and biomedical studies concentrate on drug trials and less on improving access and
service uptake.
Mutsakamni, Beaven K., SAfAIDS, P O Box A509, Avondale, Harare, Zimrrbabwe,Tel 263-4
336193, Fax [phone], Emrrail safaids([email protected]
Tu.D.2716
INSIDER IMAGES OF SEXUAL RELATIONS IN CITE SOLEI:A RESOURCE FOR BCC
INTERVENTIONS IN URBAN HAITI
de Zalduondo, B.O*., Bernard, lean Maxius*., Mayard, G*., St Louis, HM*., Abelard, R.M.',
Desormreaux, J.*, frhelles, N.*, St. Luis, E.*, Halsey, N."*, Boulos, R.*. 'Centres pour le
Developpement et la Sant (CDS) Port -au-Prince, Haiti; **Johns lopkins University (JHU),
Baltimore MD, USA.
Objectives: a) To build basic intervention-relevant knowledge of the semantics of Haitian
sexual culture; b) to assess demographic differences in knowledge and usage of sexual
terms in a low-income urban population; c) to provide needed data for HIV/STD behavior
change communication (BCC) programs by improving understanding of colloquial terminol
ogy for, and attitudes toward, sexual relations and desires.
Methods: Structured ethnoscience methods (free lists) were used to elicit "emic/insiders'
terms for sexual relations f om I 6M and I 6F key informants, by trained Haitian research
assistants in the Culture Health and Sexuality Project, a multi-method, collaborative behavioral research effort of CDS and JHfU. Frame shifting, detected in pre tests, was controlled
by adding I18 follow-on questions about specific scenarios to each FTF interview.
Unconstrained pi e sorts were performed on the 40 most frequently cited terms, to
explore the structure of the semantic domain. Data were computerized and examined in
Anthropc 4.7TM. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), consensus analysis, and analysis of age,
gende birthplace, and schooling effects were conducted using Anthropac and SPSS/PC+.
Results: Over 300 terms were elicited in the free-lists, but only 5 were cited by more than
half the sample. Age, region of origin, and school level, but not gender: were weakly associated with number and types of ternms. In contrast, some gender differences are evident in the
MDS of the pile sort data.The majrority of terms were characterized by local informants as
vaflue- laden, and 75% of the valuative terms have negative connotations.
Conclusions: An array of vivid images and concepts is available to Haitians for describing
sexual relations; few are tapped in existing BCC materials.Yet surprisingly little consensus
was found on key terms in this cultural domain. Many of the emic images are negative -
some mildly disapproving, some humorously derisive, and some violent.While men and
women cited the same terms, the MDS suggested gender differences in some meanings.
Predominance of "negative" terms may be an artifact of our elciting instrument or setting.
Alternatively the language of disapproval mnay be more elaborated than the language of
pleasure or praise. The findirgs underscore challenges for IEC and BCC programs which
strive to convey vivid positive models for BC.These data can be used to stimulate community based discussion and review of sexual norms and imagery and to highlight links with
broader issues of gender power:
Dr Jean Maxius Bernard, Ph.D. CMSO, C.D.S. I16 Rue Frere Simmonds, Cite Militaire, Port
au-Prince, Haiti.Tel: [phone] FAX: [phone]
Tu.D.2717
"SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS IN UGANDA"
Kaddumukasa Anne,* Women & Youth(WAYS) Project; Gawaya R. (Co Author) Director
e*Slum AID Project. PO. Box 30454, Kampala. PO. Box 10388 Kampala
Objective: To evwruate the sexual behaviour of Commercial Sex Workers in relation to the
AIDS pandemic.
Method: Focus group discussions, Interpersonal discussions, Interviewing, Questionniare
Counselling session, Routine visits to drinking places and night clubs and slum workers residential places of The study is based on a sample of 200 Commercial sex workers residing
in 3 different locations in and around the capital of Kampala observed over a period of 2
year June 1993 - June 1995.These were aged between 15 - 40 Years.
Results: At the end of the two year interaction with the, 50% of the commercial sex workers reported consistent use of condoms with all their clients and partners: (30% of reported occasional use of condoms with their clients and partners; 20% of reported minirnum
use of condoms with their clients and partners.
Reasons for suct response: (i) used condoms with the clients who insisted and provided
the condoms. (ii) charged very high prices for sex clients who refused to use condoms;
reported minimum use of condoms with their partners(Lovers).

Oral Intercourse
Anal Intercourse
Other Anal Play
TOTAL

N401
34
25
460

(%)
(87)
(7)
(6)
(100)

rote/hr
12.53
1.06
0.78

William J. Woods, Ph.D. UCSF CAPS, 74 New Montgomery Ste 600, San Francisco, CA
94 I105, USA Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone]; e-mail:
bill_ [email protected]
Tu.D.2714
BURIED PLEASURES: CHILDHOOD FAMILY ENVIRONMENT PREDICTS
PREFERENCES FOR CERTAIN SAFE AND UNSAFE SEXUAL ACTS
Weinriach, James D, Atkinson, JH, McCutchan, JA, Grant, I, the HNRC Group. University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
Issue: Too little attention has been given to erotic variables in AIDS research.We conducted
a pathbreaking 4 year study of motivations underlying preferences for sexual acts influencing
HIV transmission. Models typically presume that heterosexual (H ) and homosexual (HM)
men's erotic preferences are completely different, and then treat each kind of man as a uniform '.'type We strongly disagree, and present new data and a new model to understand
such preferences.
Objectives: We sought: (I) to identify childhood and other antecedents for both HM and
HT men associated with sexual identification; (2) to empirically ascertain erotic subgroups
of these men relevant to HIV transmission; and (3) to suggest strategies emerging from this
erotic typology which would help fight transmission (e.g., by devising appeals to particular
subgroups).
Methods: We studied 100 mnen using questionnaires and a 90-minute clinically-oriented
interview to ascertain each man's lovemrop: his image of an ideal, optimally arousing sexual
partner and a maximally arousing interaction with that partner.We added data on personality, coping skills, depression, and disease staging from a larger study in which the men took
part.
Results: One typical result: childhood physical abuse, neglect, and parental alcoholism (but
not sexual abuse) are associated with submissive sexual lovemaps in adulthood for HM ond
HT men. Sexual orientation per se is not predicted by parental factors. Among HM men,
such fantasies (as well as childhood gender nonconformrity) are associated with receptive
anal sex.

387