Abstracts Vol. 1 [International Conference on AIDS (11th: 1996: Vancouver, Canada)]

Track C: Epidemiology and Public Health
Tu.C.2665
SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG LATINOS:A COMMUNITY BASED STUDY
ACROSS THE UNITED STATES
Fernandez-Esquer, Maria E.*, Ramirez, A. G.**,Villarreal, R. ". * r r:; of- lexas Health
Science Center, Houston,TX ** South Texas Health Science Cento,,. Sir Ant:nio,TX
Objective: To determine prevalence of multi-partnerism and co n'rrr se among Mexican
Americans, Central Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans and South A,,',rc:in iing in eight
different cities across the United States.
Methods: A telephone survey stratified by gender (M/F) and age /'10i) as conducted
among 8,903 self-identified Latinos, to assess their participation in be.-,r s r sociated with
risk for contracting cancer, HIV, and other STDs. Bilingual/bicultu.! i nt('r ewers randomly
selected one respondent per household according to a genderage 1 op, eleron criteria.
The interview lasted 15-20 minutes and was conducted in the lanuira;r,;:fI pei cbrence of
the respondent.
Results: Data analysis was conducted to determine the association belween;>ciodemographic characteristics and sexual risk behaviors among Latinos. including current sexual
activity with primary and secondary partners and prevalence of condon,,use. Results indicate that men were more than three times as likely (I 3.8% vs. 2.6%) conmpaired to women
to report two or more sexual partners in year prior to the inter view. Pers 'ns from Central
America, those not married, in the 18-29 age group, whose annul houehicd income was
more than $20,000 per year; who preferred to speak English, al:o reporte,_ multiple partners. However, men also reported more consistent condom use than won.en, but were far
less likely to report condom use with their main partners comparedO with their secondary
partners.
Conclusions: HIV prevention campaign should not only emphasize stli corrmmrron cultural
roots that exist among Latinos in the United States, but also tailor specific interventions to
each group considering its unique sociodemographic characteristics. Although advances have
been made in increasing condom use among Latinos, there is a stron g need to continue
creating and implementing intervention campaigns to promote corn r use anong men
who have primary sexual partners, particularly if they also have adclitconal partners.
Maria E. Fernandez-Esquer, 1200 Hermann Pressler, Suite W904, Hourston, TX 77009, USA
Telephone [phone], Fax [phone], email: maru@utsph rl uth.tmnc.edu
Tu.C.2666
SOCIAL FACTORS OF FEMALE PROSTITUTION THAT INFLUENCE ON THEIR
HEALTH CONDITION: HIV AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITED DISEASES.THE CASE OF
TIJUANA, B.C., MEXICO
*Rosas Solis, A., "Rangel, G., ***Diaz, J. *Universidad Autonoma [De Bia Cilahfornia, **El
Colegio De La Frontera Norte, **Servicios Medicos Municipales.
Objectives: To know which are the social characteristics of female p rstituton behavior in
the City of Tijuana, B.C. and the preventive meassurements that they trke to reduce the risk
of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases.
Methods: A qualitative study was made and the target were women dedicated to prostitution working in night clubs, bars and on the street.We obtained dat- frorn two kinds of
sources: I) Participating observation and 2) Deep interviews.
The fieldwork was made during 1994 and early 1995.The activities done rere: I )A list of
the prostitutes work places; 2)Visiting the establishments to obser\,e their dnamrcs and
walking on the street; 3)We made a social characteristics classificaion if area for the stablishments and for the prostitutes; 4)Making 30 deep interviews (audio recorded) of prostitutes that work on the street and stablishments.The informants selection wras dclone according to the mentioned classification.
Results: Condom use:Women reported that they almost use coni di'm wtih tlieic clients,
but as these clients don't accept use of condoms, they offer to p, more money to the
prostitutes for having sexual relation without condoms. Relevant d.ta, tht prostitutes
comment that when they have sexual relations with their partne.r o ther man is not necessary to use a condom. Another common practice is the use of xi crearns, vaseline, etc.
They put it on the vagina for protection and to avoid irritation.
Conclusion: The information analysis is in its final phase, nevertheless, a prt of icit was used
'.O to elaborate a proposition for the realization of a study on HIV prevalence. the same
S population (prostitutes) using the research survey method.
S Rosas Sols, A., P.O. Box L, Chula Vista, CA, 91912 USA.Tel.: [phone] Fax (66) 82-79 -> 86
O
u Tu.C.2667
C HIV INFECTION AND U.S. COLLEGE STUDENTS: HOW GREAT IS THE RISK?
> Douglas K, Warren CW, Kann L, Collins JL. Division of Adolescent rid S lcool Health,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
~ Objective: To examine the extent to which college students in th,.S. are,rii.k for HIV
infection.
Methods: For the first time ever data are available from the firs i natind,.-vey on priority
C health risk behaviors of college students in the U.S. - the 1995 N i" nd C.illye Health Risk
Behavior Survey (NCHRBS) to examine this issue.The NCHRBS rsed a nterinally reprete sentative sample of full- and part-time undergraduate students, age!8 24 foin 2 and 4 -c year public and private institutions of higher education in the U.S.
i- Results: Over 80% of female students and 77% of male students had ever had sexual intercourse, with 67% of females and 56% of males having had sexual intercourse during the
O past 3 months (currently sexually active). Of the currently sexually ative - cients, only 34%. of the females and 45% of the males used a condom at last sexu inte - ose. Among the
- currently sexually active students, 5% of females and 10% of ma'es had se ilth 3 or more
C partners during the past 3 months. Of these students, 42% of the female: and 52% of the
0
males used a condom at last sexual intercourse.
rO Conclusions: High numbers of sexual partners and lack of conaistent condom use place
-female and male college students in the U.S. at high risk for HIV infetion.
+ CW Warren, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS-K33, Atlanta, iA, Cr11 I 3724 Telephone:

S 770-488-5332, Fax: [phone], E-mail: wcwl@ccdash I.em.cdc c
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Tu.C.2665 - Tu.C.2670
Tu.C.2668
AIDS - VULNERABLITY, CHALLENGES AND PREVENTION (BANGLADESH STUDY)
FOR PROSTITUTES.
Shyamal Prokash Adhikary, Ms. Chanchala Adhikary
Issue: CSWs arc at high risk of having STDs/HIV/AIDS but few studies are here.This study
was conducted to find out the determinants of KAPB on HIV/AIDS for the prostitutes.
Project: Research was held on 3000 prostitutes to measures the KAPB on STDs/HIV/AIDS
friom January'95 to November95 whose ages were 15-40 years. Strategies include making
questionnaires, face to face interview, case study of those who are living in different brothels.
Results: The prostitutes who are staying in brothels have been living with pressure from different cor ners and no way to come out from there. 90 percent are illiterate prostitutes. 58
percent come here for the cause of poverty 26 percent for exploitation for job seeking, 18
percent widow, divorce, illegal pregnancy before marriage, 13 percent family tradition, 5 percent other causes. 95 percent have vaginal trucks, 92 percent suffers from STDs. 88 percent
don't have any knowledge on HIV/AIDS. I 2 percent who know about AIDS from radio,
newspapers and their clients.There is no provision to use condoms during sexual intercourse. 100 percent pros never store condom even to force their clients to use condoms.
Due to illiteracy there present high fertility rate (50), high mortality (1I58), and habitate in
brothels with no access to pure sanitation.
Lessons Learned: AIDS may spread out dramatically if no necessary action takes place
immediatel,.
Shyamral Proikish Adhikary Bakali, PO.- Egarokhan Thana - Narail, Dist. - Narail, Bangladesh.
Fax: 880 2 -8 I 3095 Attn: SMS(Narail)
Tu.C.2669
HIV-RISK IN MALE AND FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN ASUNCION, PARAGUAY:THE
LACK OF SELF PROTECTION
Cabello.Agu~eda* Sequera M*,Vera ME*, Cabral M*, Moreno R*, Kiefer R* **. *Health
Sciences Research Institute (IICS), University of Asuncion, paraguay. *Health Strategies
International, San Francisco, USA.
Issue: Condor: use in Paraguayan sex workers is known to be low, and yet there have
been no nc ricoercive HIV prevention programs benefitting them.The cumulative number
of reported AIDS cases in Paraguay in 1995 reached 193, an increase of almost 100% in
one year: National AIDS Commission figures of 1995 indicate 75% of AIDS cases to be sexuall1 acq:ired, about 30% via contact with homosexual prostitutes. Available HIV-seroprevalence rates in sex workers (our own data) were 27% in male transvestites (I 991I) and 0.8%
in female prostitutes (1995).
Project: We researched risk-related behavior in male transvestite prostitutes and female sex
workers attending STD clinics via confidential interviewer-administered questionnaires in
199 i and 1995. Clinics were different in both years. Males were recruited consecutively
over a one-month period each year: 62/83 (70%) agreed to participate in 199 I and 37/77
(48%) in 1995. Females were recruited over 6 months in 1991I and over 4 months in 1995,
yielding 867/993 (87%) and 453/736 (62%) participants, respectively
Results: Respondents were young in both years and sexes 80% being under 30 and about
20% under 20 years old. Of male prostitutes: about 50% in both years reported 50-100 different clients per month. In both years about 75% of clients were currently or previously
married men. In 199 1, only 7% always and 19% never used condoms. Low condom-use is
reported dclue to client refusal. In 1995, 75% always used and only 3% never used condoms;
about 50% of clients demand condoms. Of female prostitutes, the proportion reporting 50 -150 different clients per month in 199 I and 1995 was 75% and 63%, respectively In 199 I,
only 23% alwav, and 15% never used condoms, while in 1995 over 75% always and only
3% nrever used them.
Lessons Learned: The observed change in condom use by male transvestite prostitutes
may not reflect a real increase, since respondents in 1991 and 1995 were from different
populations, catering to different clients.The rate of married clients continues high in both
years.There is an alarming lack of self protection and dependency on client decisions.The
apparent 'increase in condom use by female prostitutes may be partly due to different clinic
settings. Respondents in 1995 were in obligatory attendance in a public health clinic which
may impact self-reported behaviour Our data indicate an urgent need for non-coercive
prevention programs in this population.
Maria Agueda Cabello Sarubbi, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Rio de la
Plata y ba Gerenza, 25 II Asuncion, Paraguay
Tu.C.2670
THE INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMERS AND EMPLOYERS ON CONDOM USE AMONG
SEX WORKERS IN THE PHILIPPINES
RayeiNormn*, Hernandez R*, Rudy j**, Williams N*. Kalinga Associates, *Cavite,
Philippines: **San Diego, CA, USA.
Objective: Io study the influence of customer and employer support for HIV/AIDS prevention on condom use among sex workers in the Philippines.
Methods: Data were analyzed from a survey of 646 females sex workers who worked in
79 businesses exposed to an intensive AIDS prevention campaign in the Philippines. Survey
data were also matched to independent records of business participation in a city-wide
AIDS prevention task force and records of gonorrhea cultures from a local clinic.
Results: Ninety percent of workers had high levels of knowledge and concern about AIDS.
Over 95% reported they had been taught to use a condom and 80% were confident they
abways used condoms correctly Forty-eight percent of workers from worksites that did not
support AIDS prevention used a condom the last time they had sex compared with 79% of
workers from high support worksites. Eighty--nine percent of workers whose customers frequently b -i ih condoms reported a high rate of condom use.The gonorrhea rate for
tests conancted on workers flom worksites that did not support AIDS prevention was
7.3% compared to 3.8% among workers from worksites supportive of AIDS prevention.
Conclusions: Employer and customer support for condom use are important factors infiuencing HIViAIDS prevention among sex workers. For sex workers, AIDS prevention must

go beyond worker educationa nd training.To be most effective, it must reach employers
and customers who ultimately control sexual behavior in commercial sex situations.
Nocir ma Ravelo, tabon, Cavite, Philippines

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