Abstracts Vol. 1 [International Conference on AIDS (11th: 1996: Vancouver, Canada)]

Tu.C.2399 -Tu.C.2404

Tuesday July 9, 1996

Conclusions: In ereral, the mein r sexual behavior among male homosexui
Tiwan irnvolved the exchange of bodily fluids and self efficacy was the moat
tor irnflurncinr sex l behaviors.
NtY V No, )f13 1 i (Irun tst Rd NursrnSchool, Kaohsiun Medical ('
arwin. Ir 1 36.?32J1/9 Fiv: 886-7-3218364 err rna~rram l!. iysu.edc.rf;

> u> ther-n Conclusions: st
ipo rtt ftic determinar n rr In.
arong 7;
work tend, r.
among: y,rff
f ie tive Hl il: itions have assumed a single, simple set of (usually psychological
rnued or re-occurring practice of unprotected anal intercourse
S.Others have stressed the complexity of that practice This
rtention that the reasons for the continued pract ice of UAI
Srd that only some of hema re rightly regarded as unsafe sex.
Srpaigns nreed urgently to address this complexity.
Centre, 19 Lffra Road, London. SW2! BZ, UK. Tel: [phone] -S'mail: peterd rsigra n-demon.co. rk

Tu.C.2399
NO CHANGE IN ANAL INTERCOURSE WITHOUT A CONDOM AMONG GAY MEN
IN THE UK: 1993 TO 1995
Hickson C F.I (. I Beard sell S., Broderick P. Davies P IM.. Henderson, Laurie A., Keoh P. Reid
D., Stephens M, W reatherburn P Sigma Research, London, United Kingdom
Objective: To examinne chanes in population risk taking among gay men in the UK over Ithe
peried i19 to 1 395, in tfie context of a lane increase in HIV prevention actwiiy lIrgeted
at gay men.
Method: Self completed sexual behaviour questionnaires distributed in 1993,' 94 and '95 at
the festival following the Lesbian and Gay Pride March in London. Samples comprised male
residents in the UK who had ever had sex with another man. Cross-sectional comparisons
acros the three years were conducted.
Results: Large numbers of men participated each year (N-= 1620, 1753, 168).Tire proportion of menrr who had engaged in a na intercourse without a condom in each year remained
constant (32.8%, 31.7%, 33. I%).There were no changes in the proportions having done so
with regular partners (29.3%, 28.4%, 29.4%) or casual partners (9.0%, 9.6%, 9.6%).Among
men who had anan,tercourse without a condom, the nursmber of partners with whom they
did so did not change. In 1995, men were asked the result of their last HIV test (if any) and
whether they hiad erngaged in anal intercourse without a condom with men they knew
were HIV posrivre,.negatwe, or whose status they did not know The majority of men who
engaged in an l ntercoui seo without a condom did so with msen whose HIV status they did
riot know
Conclusion: i)espite a large increase in the amount of HIV prevention targeted at gay men
in the K, we ican fi nd no evidence oel an over-all change in sexual risk taking among this
group It is rn ve to asire that current approaches to HIV prevention targeted at gay rien
are 'uffcient to fhave r mpact on sexual risk taking among this group.
Laurc' Ann Henderson, Init 6, 49 ffra Road, London, United Kingdom, SW2 I BZ.
Telepho rne: 0117 7137 6223, Fax: [phone], email: laurie(sigma r.derrson.c uk
Tu.C.2400
BEHAVIOURALLY BISEXUAL MEN IN THE U.K.: SEXUAL PRACTICES, DISCLOSURE
AND IMPLICATIONS
Weatherburn P Reid, D.S., Davies, PM., Stephens, M.J. Sigma Research, University of
Portsmouth, London, UK.
Objectives: To exam ine the sexual behaviour of behaviourally bisexual men (that is, men
who had sex with both males and females in the last ive years) and to comment on its
ikely impact on HIV and other sexual health risks.
Methods: A small number of advertisements were placed in the personal or sexual contact
sections of a limited range of local and national newspapers and magazines.The advertisements rssumed heterosexuality and invited men to ring an anonymous telephone interview
line if they also had sex with men.
Results: Anonyrmouis telephone interviews were conducted with 745 men. In the year precedinrg interview they were highly sexually active with both female (mean 3.22, median 2)
and -ale partners (mean 3.75, median 2) and penetrative sex is normative. In the year preceding fnterview almost ill (93.8%) had engaged in vaginal intercourse with a female partner and 67. I% had done so without a condom. In the same time period almost half
(44.4%) had engaged in anal intercourse with a female partner and 22.6% had done so
without a condom Two thirds (62.2%) had engaged in anal intercourse with a malei partner
and 18.2% had done so without a condom. Overall, 14.0% had engaged in vaginal intercourse without a condom with ar female and anal intercourse without a condome with a
rale arid 9.8% had engaged in anal intercourse without a condom with both female and
male partners. Rates of disclosure of other sexual practices to regular partners varies by
gende n f the 71.3% who reported a current regular female partner, less than a third
(32.9%) stated that this partner knew of his sexual activities with men. Of the 31.5% who
had r current regular male partner almost all (93. I%) stated that this male partner knew of
his sexual activity with females. However, disclosure has no impact on sexual behaviour
Conclusions: Th is a highly sexually active population with a wide range of female and
male partners. While they aire well informed about HIV and safer sex their sexual practice
puts there and their partrners at substantial risk of sexually transmitted infections, including
HIV
P Wc'atherburna t I it 64, Eurolink Centre, 49 Effra Road, London. SW2 1 BZ. UK. Tel: [phone]: Fax:,) 71 -737 7898; email: [email protected]
Tu.C.240 I
CONTEXTUAL AND STRATEGIC APPROACHES TO SAFER SEX AMONG GAY MEN
IN THE U.K.
Davies, Peter M., Hickson, F.C.l.,Weatherburn P Sigma Research, University of Porstmouth,
London, U.K.
Objective: To examine in detail the individual, interactional anid contextual reasons for
instances of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) among gay men in the U.K.
Method: Life histores were taken from 39 gay men, who described instances of UAI in the
ive years before interview.Their accounts were subjected to thematic content analysis.
Results: Some of the respondents chose to abstain either from UAI or from anal intercourse or from sexual contact. Others had been raped.The remainder gave accounts which
distinguished (i) intentional and unintentional instances of UAI; (ii) occurrences with regular
oi cisual partners and (iii) single occurrences and continued engagement in UAI. It is possible to constr uct a typology of circumstances in which UAI takes place and the reasons
given for Ihe.T he reasons for UAI differed in each part of the typology and ranged from
lack of agency to thorough negotiat on and from recklessness to reasoned risk mnimisation.
RatnrInales,wen for receptive and for insertive UAI in casual encounters differ, while there is
no diffrence in re Ruler relatIonships.

P1M. Daviv
6223; Fax:

Tu.C.2402
MEN WHO HAVE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE BETWEEN MEN WHO ALSO INJECT
DRUGS - AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLAND AND WALES HIV AND AIDS REPORTS
Macdonald Nel. EIn'. [ari j,. ' PHIS, (o nmunicable [Disease Surveillance Centre,
Lr ondon, U.K.
Objective:l o examine the epidemiology of HIV infected men who have sexual intercourse
with men who also inject drugs (SBMIDU) and conipare these data with males of single
exposure categories.
Methods: Reports to the Comrmunicable Disease Surveillance Centre (up to Dec 95) of
AIDS cases from clinicians and newly diagnosed tHIV infections from laboratories in England
and Wales were analysed.
Results: A total of 400 repo,-ts assigned to the category of SBMIDU were examined of
which 19 I fulriiled the European case definition for AIDS and a further 10 were known to
have died without an AIDS defining illness. Comparisons were maide with the single exposure categories of sex between men (SBM) and injecting drug use (IDU). In AIDS case
reports (n = 191) comparisons with SBM (n=8086) and IDU (n = 436) showed:
I) KS as the initial AIDS defining illness was present in 10% (19 of 19 1), SBM 16% and IDU
I%. AIDS indicator diseases in the remaining 172 with dual exposure showed a pattern
intermediate between IDUs and SBM.
2) Of those AIDS reports where countries of exposure other than the UK were mentio ned, the group was more smilar to SBM than!DU in the pattern of countries mentio ned.
3) Mean age at AIDS diagnosis was 32.4 (range 19- 59, SD 6.4) for SBMIDU, 33.2 (20- 57.
SD 5.8) for IDU and 37.9 (I 7- 80, SD 9. I) for SBM.
4) From the HIV infection reports, symptom information at the time of first HIV test was
net always available but where given, 55% (96 of 216) were asymptomatic compared with
52% for SBM and 64% for IDU.
Conclusions: HIV infected men exposed through SBMIDU reported in England and Wales
have sone similarities with individuals exposed through SBM and some with those exposed
through IDU.The high KS rates strongly suggest that many if not most were exposed
through SBM rather than IDU but the patlern of other AIDS defining illnesses resemble
IDU rather than SBM1.
N.D. MacDonald. CDSC, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ.Telephone: [phone]
Tu.C.2403
HIV RISKS AMONG TRANSVESTITES AND OTHER MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN IN
RIO DE JANEIRO:A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Surratt, Hilary L*, Inciardi J*,Telles Pc*, McCoy V5, McCoy C',Weatherby N'*,"University
of Miami, Miami, FL, USA '"State University of Rio de Janero, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. BRAZIL
Objective: To assess the prevalence of HIV- I and identify related risk behaviors among
transvestites and other men having sex with men (MSMs) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Methods: Ninety seven street-recruited respondents (47 transvestite sex workers and 50
cocaine using men who have sex with men) participated in in-depth interviews regarding
drug use and sexual risk behaviors and were tested for antibody to HtIV- I between March
1994 and December 1995.
Results:The 50 MSMs were slightly older than the 47 transvestites sampled. with a median
age of 29 and 27 years, respectively Among the MSMs, 44% selfidentified as bisexual, 34%
as gay and 22% as heterosexual In the 30 days prior to interview, all used cocaine and 26%
injected cocaine, they reported a median of 3 sex partners, and 42% had female sexual
partners. In addition. 72% haid previously exchanged sex for money and 40% had traded
sex for drugs. Among the transvestites, 5 I% had used cocaine in the mnonth prior to inter
view, but only 2.I% reported injection drug use.The transvestites had a median of 45 sexual partners in the last 30 days and all but one denied having female sex partners. Lastly,
28.0% of the MSMs and 63.8% of the transvestites tested positive for antibody to HIV I.
Conclusion: MSMs and transvestites, especially those who exchange sex for money or
drugs, appear to be at high risk for HIV infection and as such, intervention programs which
target aspects of their unique lifestyles must be developed
Hilary L. Surratt,!1400 N.W 10th Ave., Rm. 212 (D-93) Miami, Florida USA 33 136
Telephone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Tu.C.2404
COMPARING GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN ON SEXUAL BEHAVIORS AND ATTITUDES
RELEVANT TO HIV/AIDS
Stokes, loseph P, McKirnan, D.J.,Vanable, P Department of Psychology University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Objective: To compare gay and bisexual men on sexual behaviors and attitudes relevant to
HIV/AIDS.
Methods: Individual interviews with 750 18 30 year old men,. about half African- American
and half White, recruited firom a variety of sources, who reported sex with men in the past
3 years. Behavioral crateria established groups of gay (sex with male in past 6 months; no
sex with female in the past 3 years: rn-205) and bisexual (sex with both male and female in
past 6 months; n=3 0) men. Measures focused on the past 6 months and included number
of male steady & casual sexual partners, frequency of specific behaviors (inser-tive & recep
tive, anal & oral), rates of condom use, self homophobia, perceived acceptance of respondents homosexual behavior by family and friends. disclosure of homosexual activity to others, normative beliefs about condom use, perceived vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, and attitudes
toward condoms.

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