Abstracts Vol. 1 [International Conference on AIDS (11th: 1996: Vancouver, Canada)]

Tu.A.2108 - Tu.B.21 13

Tuesday July 9, 1996

Conclusion: The rBCG which could induce the HIVPND specific humoral and celiular
immune responses seems to BCG as vaccine forTuberculosis because the spreads of the
bacilli were limited to the local site of the guinea pig and was possible to oral admrinistra
tion.
Tetsuya Nakasatomi, 1-23- 1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo, Japan TEL: [phone] (2737)
Fax: [phone]
Tu.A.2108
LACK OF IMMUNE ACTIVATION IN AN EXPERIMENTALLY SIVcpzant-INFECTED
CHIMPANZEE DURING SEROCONVERSION
Kestens Luc*, Niphuis H.**, Buijs L.**,Vingerhoets J.*,Vanham G.*,Willems B.*, Peeters
M.***, van der Groen G.*, Heeney J.**. *Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;
** TNO, Rijswijk, the Netherlands, ***ORSTOM-SIDA, Montpellier France
Objectives:To monitor the immune activation following experimental infection of a chimpanzee with the chimpanzee immune deficiency virus (SIVc zant).
Methods: A chimpanzee was experimentally infected with SVcpzant by infusing 400 million
freshly obtained lymphocytes from a naturally SlVcpzant-infected chimpanzee.Viremia was
measured at regular time intervals by quantitative lymphocyte and plasma culture.
Seroconversion was evaluated by western blot of plasma samples. Immune activation was
assessed by flow cytometry on peripheral blood.
Results: Intravenous inlection of SIV-infected lymphocytes resulted in a productive infection
of the exposed chimpanzee.Two weeks after exposure, the infectious virus titer mounted
to > I infected cell per 200 lymphocytes and > 2000 infectious virus particles per ml plasma.
Antibodies to p24, but not to other viral proteins were observed 4 weeks after infection.
The C[4+ and CD8 T cells and CD8+CD3 NK cells fluctuated within the normal range.
During the two month observation period we observed no increase of lymphocyte activation antigens like HLA-DR, CD38, CD69 and II-2R(3 on CD8+ T cells. However, a significantly decreased viremia was observed 2 months after infection which coincided with a
pronounced in vitro suppression of virus replication by CD8+ cells. Relative or absolute
changes in CD8+CD28+ T cells were not observed.
Conclusion: Experimental infection of a chimpanzee with a SIVcpzant, an HIV- I -like chimpanzee lentivirus, did not result in an acute activation of the immune system during seroconverion.The downregulation of the viremia in vivo was associated with a pronounced
CD8 mediated suppression of virus replication in vitro.
Dr Luc KESTENS, Institute ofTropical Medicine, Laboratory of Immunology Nationalestraat
155, B-2000 ANTWERPEN I, Belgium.Tel: [phone] / Fax: [phone] / email:[email protected]
Tu.A.2109
OCCURRENCE AND FREQUENCY OF TRANSMISSION OF NATURALLY
OCCURRING SIMIAN RETROVIRAL INFECTIONS (SIV, STLV AND SRV) AT THE
CIRMF PRIMATE CENTER, GABON
Georges-Courbot, M.C.,* Nguyen,TTH., Moisson, P,* Leroy E.,* Nerrienet, E.,* Wickings,
E.J.,* Dubreuil, G.,* Georges, A.J.* *CIRMF Franceville, Gabon, *Parc Zoologique et
Botanique, Mulhouse, France
Objectives: To assess the frequency and mode of transmission of naturally occurring simian
retroviral infections among primates of six different species, kept at the CIRMF Primate
Center, Gabon, either in captive conditions or in semifi-ee-ranging colonies.
Methods: Serological investigations were carried out on each primate, and PCR sequencing
of viruses propagated in vitro was attempted on positive/indeterminate individuals.
Results and conclusions: No serological indication of SIV infection could be demonstrated
in 68 cynomolgus monkeys, 60 chimpanzees. 9 gorillas and I 2 sun tailed monkeys (C. solatus), while 7 of I102 mandrills and 6 of 24 vervets were SIV infected. Six mandrills, seven
vervets and ten cynomolgus monkeys exhibited a full HTLV type I western blot profile.The
sera of two gorillas and one chimpanzee presented with a positive but atypical HTLV western blot profile: the serum of the gorilla lacked antibodies against the p24 antigen of HTLV,
and the chimpanzee had a western blot profile evocative of HTLV-2. All attempts to amplify
the viruses from these animals by PCR were unsuccessful.Two other chimpanzees and 7
gorillas presented with indeterminate HTLV western blot profiles. Surprisingly in the mandrill colony only male animals were STLV-infected and no sexual transmission to females has
been observed. SIV infection was also more frequent in male than female mandrills and sexual transmission appeared a rare event. No SRV infection was observed in macaques, the
only species tested.
Georges-Courbot Marie Claude, CIRMF, BP769, Franceville, Gabon Tel: (24 I) 67 70 92/67
70 96, Fax: [phone]
Tu.A.21 10
HTLV-I/II AND HIV INFECTIONS AMONG TRANSFUSED PATIENTS WITH
HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN TUNISIA
0Reeaya F, **Karoui M, *Slim A, '*0*Othman O, *00Oueslati Abdel R, *Bel Hadj Ali Z,
0*Abdeladim Ben.A. 'Blood bankTunis;** Med. School Tunis:*** Sahloul Hospital,
SousseTunisia; **** Pasteur InstituteTunis.
Objective: HTLV-I/Il, as well as HIV are transmitted through blood transfusion, mainly by
cellular components.The aim of this study is to determine the HTLV-I/II and HIV contamination rates among tunisian patients with hematological disorders which had received multiple
blood transfusions.
Methods: This study was carried out at the blood bank center of Tunisia in Tunis between
April and September 1995.The frequency of virals markers for HTLV I/II and HIV were
evaluated in 120 multitransfused patients with hematological diseases, including 58 patients
with acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia, and 62 hemophiliacs.We screemed all
serum samples for HTLV-I/II by using commercial specific ELISA kits (Cambridge biotech).
Repeatably reactive samples were submitted to Western blot (Cambridge biotech) and
Immunofluorescence assayThe samples were then tested for HIV using an ELISA kit (Murex
HIV I +2), and the Western blot test (Murex) was performed in the ELISA positive samples
for confirmation of HIV infection.
Results: Sera from 2 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (0.03 %) and 10 hemophiliacs (0. 6 %) were positive by ELISA and Western blot for anti-HIV antibodies, On the

other hand; among all the groups tested, including the HIV infected patients, only one HIV
negative hemophilac was fi,,nd indeterminate for HTLV-/11 antibodies and seronegative by
Immunofluorescen e test
Conclusion: (i) COi ),, j,.ved the absence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections in all sam
ples tested even the se opo,ve HIV patients. (ii) The HIV is more infective than HTLV-I
and HTLVdII in our;icy. (ii In view of the frequent occurrence of dual infections with
both HIV and HTLV, our results clearly indicate that the infection by HIV in our tunisian
samples is not associated,with HTLV-I and HTLV -II infections.
Regaya F., Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine 2, Rue Djebel Lakdhar Bab Saadoun -
Tunis Tel.: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Tu.A.21 II
ACCELERATOR OF HUMAN SPUMARETROVIRUS (HSRV) INFECTION
Tilles, Jeremiah G. Division of Infection Diseases, University of California, Irvine
Treatment of human leukocytes with 0.05pg/ml of Staphylococcus Entertoxin A for 96
hours induces gamma interferon and an accelerator of HSRV infection in human diploid
fibroblasts.The accelerator activity persists following treatments with acid or acid-pepsin
that do inactivate the activity of gamma interferon.The accelerator is non dialyzable and
does not increase the rate of fibroblast multiplication.The activity of the accelerator after
exposure to mouse monoclonal antibody to human gamma interferon is currently being
tested and will be presented.
Jeremiah G.Tilles, M.D. Div. of Infectious Diseases Univ. of Calif., Irvine Medical Center 101
City Dr. S., Rt. 81 Orange, CA 92668 714-824-5454 (Phone) 714-824-2118 (Fax)
Tu.B.21 12
THE EVOLVING PATTERN OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY UTILIZATION IN THE
PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Zala, Carlos, Montaner JSG, Hogg RS,Yip B, Gataric N, Schechter MT, O'Shaughnessy MV.
BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS and University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC,
Canada.
Objective: To describe the changing pattern of antiretroviral therapy use in the province of
British Columbia (BC).
Methods: Antiretroviral drugs are distributed free of charge to eligible individuals provincewide through the DrugTreatment Program.To prescribe antiretroviral therapy physicians
must complete a patient enrolment form that serves as the drug prescription, accompanied
by a CD4 cell count. Individuals infected with HIV were eligible to receive ZDV alone if
they had a CD4 cell count <0.50 x 109/L and combination therapy of ZDV/ddl or
ZDV/ddC if they had a CD4 count <0.35 x 109/L. In BC, there is no other free of charge
source of antiretroviral therapy Our analysis was restricted to the period 01/93 to I12/95.
Results: A total of 2.21I0 patients received antiretroviral therapies (I,403 in 93. 1,208 in 94,
and 1,409 in 95).The use of ddl alone or in combination with ZDV declined substantially in
favour of increasing ZDV/ddC use during the study period (see figure). ZDV monotherapy
use declined following the publication of the Concorde Trial results and resurged with the
use of 3TC through expanded access.The initial ZDV median daily dose was 500 mg/day
for those initially prescribed either ZDV alone or ZDV/ddl, and 400mg/day for those prescribed ZDV/ddC.The time to switch from ZDV mono- to other antiretroviral therapy
increased from 4 to I 2 months from I 993 to 95. However, the median time to a first
switch remains the same regardless
of which regime is used as the sec500 ond therapy While the majority of
40 ZDV lone first switches in 1993 were in
400favour of ZDV/ddl than ZDV/ddC
a ZDVIddC (52% vs. 36%), this trend changed
30, 3Nby the third year. In 1995, ZDV/ddl
Srepresented 29%, ZDV/ddC 40%,,- asZDVlddl and ZDV/3TC 27% of first
100 ddl alone Conclusions: Our data demonS. ddc alone strate a substantial change in the
* 1993 1994 1995 " pattern of antiretroviral drug use in
BC. Over the study period, we have
demonstrated a sharp decline in
ddl use for either mono or combination therapy regimens in favour of ZDV/ddC and
more recently ZDV/3TC.
c/o Kevin Craib, 608-108 I Burrard Street,Vancouver, BC,V6Z I Y6, Canada Telephone: [phone] Fax: [phone] e-mail: [email protected]
Tu.B.21 13
THE IMPACT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON AIDS SURVIVAL OBSERVED IN A
PROVINCE-WIDE DRUG TREATMENT PROGRAM
Hogs Robert 5, Craib KJP Montaner JSGYip B Gataric N, O'Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT
BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS and University of British Columbia, Vancouver; BC,
Canada.
Objective: To compare survival rates between patients who received antiretroviral therapy
before and after a primary diagnosis of AIDS.
Methods: The BC HIV/AIDS Treatment Program has distributed antiretroviral drugs to HIVinfected patients throughout the province since 09/92. Participants were eligible to receive
ZDV alone if they had at least one CD4 cell count <0.50 xI 09/L and ZDV/ddC. ZDV/ddl,
or ddl alone if they had at least one CD4 count <0.35 x 109/L. For this study we identified
all adult male participants who were diagnosed with primary AIDS during the period 01/93
to 07/95. Mortality data were obtained through a record linkage with BC Vital Statistics for
the same period.We compared survival from primary AIDS and from the estimated date of
HIV infection to death among early and late therapy groups (received anturetrovral therapy
before or after primary AIDS). Survival curves were obtained using K-M methods.
Time since primary AIDS (months)
Results: As of 07/95, 305 males have been diagnosed with AIDS and had ever taken antiretroviral therapy of which 130 had first used ZDV alone (43%), I 20 (39%) had first used
ZDV/ddl or ZDV/ddC, and 55 (18%) had first used ddl alone. Of these 305 males, 190

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