Abstracts Vol. 1 [International Conference on AIDS (11th: 1996: Vancouver, Canada)]

Mo.C.1518 - Mo.C.1528

Monday, July 8, 1996

IV: 22 of 5, 18 I; in Phase V: 9 of 4,735. In Phases II and III, heterosexual transmrission and
infection to healthy volunteers without risky behavior were recorded. In Ph.ise IV, cases of
vertical transmission were recorded for the first time.
Conclusions: This study indcticates that HIV infection was not limited to a high frisk< popula
tion. It has become a community problem since three apparently healthy volunteers without
any risky behavior tested positive for HIV. Therefore, extensive surveillance and public edu
cation is needed in Mizoranm.
Anil Purohit, Dept. of Physiology & Moleculair Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, P)O Box
10008,1oledo, OH 43699-0008 USA.Tel:[phone] I; Fax: [phone];
email: [email protected]
Mo.C.1518
EFFECTIVENESS OF MEASURES TO PREVENT SPREAD OF HIV BUT NOT HEPATITIS
C AMONG AUSTRALIAN IDUs
Wodak Alex, 1,2 Loxley W, I Carruthers S,1 Bevan J,I Crofts N,1 Dolan, 1,2 C aughwinM. I
St.Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia: 2Austral lian Study of HIV and Injecting
Drug Use (ASHIDU).
Objective:-To facilitate minimisation of spread of HIV and other blood borne viral infections (BBVIs) in Australian injecting drug users (IDUs) by assessing exposure to and risks
of infection.
Methods: This four city crioss-sectional study conducted in 1994 recruited stratified samples
designed to adequately represent women, youths, IDUs never previously in treatnment and
residents of outer suburbs. Respondents were recruited firom diverse venues and were
remunerated.Trained interviewers administered a questionnaire and collected fingerprick
blood spots for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C testing.
Results: 872 respondents were recruited and consented to participate. 832 (95.3') blood
samples were collected. 26 respondents (3. I%) were HIV antibody positive (of whom 69%
were homosexual men). 432 respondents (54.8%) were anti-HCV positive and I 13 (I 8.9%)
were HBcAb positive. Over 90% reported using a sterile needle and 3.8% reported sharing
a needle with another person on the last injecting occasion. 12% reported sharing a needle
with another person during the previous month. Half (49.2%) had attended a needle
exchange in the previous month.
Conclusions: Vigorous and early imnplementatlion of prevention measures ihas nmade a major
outbreak of HIV in this population unlikely (except situations where prevention measur es
are unavailable such as in prisons). Current risk behaviour could allow slow diffusion of HIV
among and firom IDUs. Despite prevention measures adequate to control f IV, hepatitis C
infection remains uncontrolled. Strategies to bring hepatitis C under control are urgently
required in Australia and other countries where HIV prevalence amrong IDUs remain low.
A Wodak, 366 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010 Australia. Tel: [phone];
Fax: [phone]
Mo.C.1519
HIV- I SEROPREVALENCE AMONG YOUNG ADULT POPULATIONS IN THAILAND,
1990-1995
Jugsudee, Achara *,Tancormklom 5*, Junrlananto Pi, Chitaponrg A*, Mason CJ**, Mar lowitz
[LE**, Kangwalklai K.*. *Army Institute of Pathology Banglkok,T hailand; "'AFRIMS, Bangkok,
Thailand; "***Johns Hopkins. Baltimore, USA.
Objectives: To assess the HIV I seroprevalernce among young adult Thai populations using
available screening results.
Methods: As part of the application for a variety of military schools, applicants were
screened for HIV I.1-he results of the testing performed from 1990- 1995 were collected.
Results:

PCR by rrultiprii_ mreto i,.. equerncing will identify clides. Syphilis testing was by TPHA
(Serodia-TP Fujif f ) )1I,,r STD and drug tests are pending.
Results: Estirit,.d, cf a-t,.'gies of the clients were <20 (1.2%), 20-30 (41.2%), 30-40
(36.4%), 40 0 (I.LI.1%), l (6 4%) and undetermined (2.4%). Customer nationality was
reported as Japmnes (..'4P), Iran (7.6%), Pakistan (5.6%), India (2.8%),Taiwan (2%), and
China (1.2,) if oti.-rr n.dionalities less than 1%. Of the 250 samples collected, only 219
were sufficieni for icslirg..,o sanples (0.9%, 95%C= 2.6%, 0.09%) were HIV I positive,
both from Japne cclients (aigos 22 and 28). Both were TPHA(-),Western blot(+) and core
amplified by DNIA-PCR d RT PCR estimating 16/ copies/mI semen (dclade sequencing
results pending).
Conclusions: This prevale.nce of HIV in clients of female prostitutes is surprisingly high for
Japan and signals much higher transmission than expected in these high risk groups. Sentinel
surveillance by unlinke d anonyrmous testing of client condom semen samples is a very informative method to quantify HIV prevalence in difficult to-reach populations, and particularly
valuable in the se men \oI act as an epidemict bridge sto the general population. Analysis of
molecular clones helps to identify sources of transmission and target interventions.
TM. Sankary, Dept. Epidemiology 71-245e CHS, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles,
CA 90024; ph: 310 206-5 i154, FAX: [phone], E-mail: sankary(@ucla.edu
Mo.C. 1526
SURVEY OF AIDS AMONG VISTORS OF STD CLINICS IN SHANGHAI
Le lau, MD. et at Shanghai Prevention & Treatment Center For Skin Disease & STD, PRC
Objective:The patients of 5TD clinics are the higher risk group for AIDS.The first HIV infected patient among Shanghai citizens was found in 199 I. From then 24 cases were found. 23
out of them infected by sexual transmission, the other one was did by blood transfusion.The
seroepidemiology survey of the vistors at STD clinics has been made since 1989.
Methods: From 1993 to 1995 in Shanghai STD Prevention and Control Network that
composed of our center and other 22 branch centers in each district and county. 102710
cases were examined by the-two Usage of One Sample Method, a serum sample of each
visitor of STD clinic was done for not only the syphilis serum test but also the HIV
Antibody determinationr test.
Results: There were for HIV positive cases found in these three years.The positive rate
was 0.38 per milhon. It is suggested that Shanghai is a lower epidemical region of HIV now.
We note that all positive cases were in 1995.There is a tendency towards spread there.
According to primarily analysis these 4 cases were males, the age range was fiom 40 to 45
year old, they all have sex -abuse history and used to go abroad. 2 out of 4 suffered from
both syphilis and HIV infection. Under the very secret conditions, the doctors of our center
have been keeping contact with these patients.They were examined in many more aspects
such as serology clinical medicine, socio psychology at regular intervals.
Conclusions: \We have accumulated much experience by means of making the AIDS survey
among visitor, of STD and following up the HIV infected patients.
Le Jiayu, M. D., 1I96 Wu Yi Rd., Shanghai 200050, PR. China, Tel: 02 I -6252271 1,
Fax: [phone]
Mo.C. 1527
SURVEY OF AIDS KNOWLEDGE AND DRUG PRACTICES AMONG INJECTION
DRUG USERS IN HO CHI MINH CITY
Tran, San[*,VWilliarns A*, Khoshnood K*,Truong H*", Do N''. "Yale University, New
Haven, CT USA; "Health Information and Education Center, HCMC,Vietnam
Objective: To describe drug use behaviors, AIDS knowledge, risks for HIV infection and
seroprevalence among drug users entering rehabilitation in Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam.
Methods: A cross--sectional descriptive survey of all new entrants to a residential drug
treatment center was conducted between July I and July 14, 1995 with linked HIV serology.
Results: 105 subjects participated (101 male, 4 female). HIV serostatus was available for 88
subjects. Forty seven percent (41/88) were HIV positive. Mean and median age of the subjects was 38 years of age. MIean length of injection drug use was 13.2 years (Range 1-27).
The primary drug injected was opium (96%), although 59% also injected western drugs
(sedatives, tranquilizers). Eighty-two percent (86/105) correctly answered at least 7 of 10
AIDIS knowledge questions and only 28% (27/97) reported any needle sharing in the past
five years. Seropositivity was associated with a history of previous treatment for drug abuse
(p= 0.002), longer history of injecting drugs (p=0.003), injection of"western drugs
(p 0.03), and higher educational level (p=0.03). On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of HIV seropositivity were history of previous treatment for drug abuse (p=0.06)
and a longer history of injecting drugs (p=0.05).
Conclusions: In spite of low levels of self reported needle sharing and high levels of AIDS
knowledge, HIV seroprevalence was high in this cohort.The potential for epidemic spread
of HIIV among \ietnamese drug injectors is substantial.
SD Tian, PO Box 206688 Yale Station, New Haven, CT 06520-6688 USA
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone] e mail: [email protected]
Mo.C.1528
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN HIV ORAL FLUID REFERENCE PANEL FOR
ANTIBODY TEST KIT AND SALIVA COLLECTION DEVICE EVALUATION
Fearon, Margaret A.*, Mafor C*, Francis A*, Galli R*, DeGazioT", Read S*, Gomez P*,
Parry J"", Bain R *i, Fauvel M"'"*. *HIV Laboratory Ontario Ministry of Health;"
Hospital for Sick Children,TFor onto, Canada: *S*Princess Margaret Hospital, Bahamas;
**Central Public Health Laboratories, London, tK;"'"Laboratoire de Sante Publique,
Monatreal, Cmnada.
Objective:lo e blish a refeience panel of oral fluid(OF) specimens from individuals
with welf-charactenized HIV serology, and to compare the effectiveness of various OF
soflection devises.
Methods: Fuse OF specimens per collection device were collected from 713 patient volunteers attending selected clinics and physicians offices Patients submitted 5 OF samples
in at least cone off OnnSal, Or asure or Salivette collection devices. A blood sample. as
well as information on age, sex, CDC stage and recent CD4 count was collected for each
patient.The five saliva specimens were tested individually by the manufacturers recommended EIA to ensure consistency in each collection device, and then pooled and

Applicant Group
Practical nurse school
General nurse school
Non-cormissioned officr civilin applicants
Non-commissioned officer military applicants
Full time military technical training
Part time military technical training
Military academy applicant

Age Sex Years
lested
18-25 F 1990 1995
17-25 f 1990-1995
17 21 M 1990-1995
22-23 1M 1990-1995
15-18 M 1991-1995
15- 30 1t/I- 1991 1995
14 18 M 1990-1995

Number HIV-I
Tested (n) Prevalence (%)
734 0.41
649 000
8436 0.41
2282 1.40
2513 0.00
2436 0.21
2072 0.10

Conclusions: Although there n-may be self-referral bias, the observed HIV seroprevalunce
among these groups of young adults is appreciably lower than groups in the sentinel surveil
lance system or other previously surveyed populations in Thailand in the same time period.
These data suggest that the need to more systematically determine the extent of the HIV I
epidemic among young adults in hailand.
COL Achara Jugsudee, Army Institute of Pathology 315 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10100
Thailand Phone: [phone]I54 Fax: [phone] Email: [email protected]
Mo.C.1520
SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE OF HIV MOLECULAR CLONES IN CONDOM SEMEN
SAMPLES FROM CLIENTS OF FEMALE PROSTITUTES IN JAPAN
Sankary,Timothy M', Ichikawa *5', Kondo M***, Irnai M***, Ohya H, Kihara "1*'*,
Kihara M*"***. t*University of California, Los Angeles; "**Kanagawa College of Nursing and
Medical TechnologyYokohama: "***Kanagawa Public Health LaboratoryYokohama;
***Kanagawa Cancer Center;Yoluohama, Japan.
Objective:-lo determine the prevalence (and molecular clones) of HIV, STDs and drug
abuse in clients of female prostitutes through sentinel surveillance using unlinked anonymous testing of condom semen sampl es.
Methods: A total of 250 client condom semen samples were collected with client age /
ethnicity by I S Latin American and 37 Thai fenale prostitutes in Tokyo (Latin: 102 samples;
Thai: 148) in March 1995. Screening by ELISA (Genelavia Mixed, Institute Pasteur) for HIV
1/2, confirmed by Western Blot (LAV Blot, Institute Pasteur) and distinguished by Pepti-Lav
S1.2 (Institute Pasteur). Clones env and gag regions were amplified by DNA-PCR and RT

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