Abstracts Vol. 1 [International Conference on AIDS (11th: 1996: Vancouver, Canada)]

Mo.C.1492 - Mo.C.1498

Monday.July 8, 1996

Mo.C. 1492
PREVALENCE OF HIV IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN COTE D'IVOIRE
Sangare K A*, Coulbaly I.M1., Ehouman*. *Institut Pasteur **PNLS/MST/TI 'B
Objective: Studying HIV prevalence women from different areas of the country
Method: Blood from 2 335 pregnancy women consulting antenatal center in 10 yr of
the country was tacken frorm August 1994 to Mars 1995. All samples was tested w;!f
ENZYGNOST HIV +2 and ABBOTT 3e generation according our national strategy. Positifs
sample was tested in WB.
Results: 12.89 % women was HIV positive. The prevalence is 10.33 % in South region and
18 % in east region.
Conclusions: HIV infection is increasing all areas of Cote d'lvoire. Prevalence is higth in east
region which i s a frontier zone with economic activity that draws many persons.
Dr Sangare K. Affoue- 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01.Tel:[phone] Fax:[phone]
Mo.C. 1493
NATURAL HISTORY OF HIV- I INFECTED CHILDREN IN NAIROBI, KENYA
N ena S imon 1, Na(gelkerke N 1,2, Plummer F1,2, Datta P I, Ndinya-Achola j I. Embree j 1,2
University of Nairobi, Kenya; 2University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Background and Objectives: Mother to child transmission of HIV-I occurs in 15-40% of
pregnancies.The natural history of HIV I in children is still largely unknown.The objective of
this study was to determine factors associated with mother-to-child transmission and the
natural history of childhood HIV- I infection.
Methods: HIV- I infected and a comparable number of uninfected control mothers were
enrolled at a maternity clinic in Nairobi. Mothers and children were examined clinically and
serologically and with CD4/CD8 counts 3 monthly for the first year and 6 monthly subsequently Children born to seropositive mothers were classified as always infected, seroconverters or uninfected on the basis of their serostatus after 15 months of age or PCR results
where available. Seroconvert ng children were those who lost then regained HIV- I antibodies. Also 7 children born to I 2 seroconverting mothers were classified as seroconverters.
Results: 1615 children were available for analysis.The median survival of HIV I infected children was approximately 4-5 years.Weight and height in infected children diverged from
both uninfected and conrtrol children. Anthropometric variables in seroconverting children
converged to those of infected children. CD4 counts in all groups declined with age, but the
level in infected children was significantly lower CD8 counts in infected and seroconverting
children were significantly higher than ini uninfected and control children.
Conclusions: Although progression among HIV infected children is not rapid, mortality and
developmental delay is substantial.
Dr Simon Njenga, Department of Medical Microbiology University of Nairobi, PO. Box
19676, Nairobi, Kenya, East Africa.Tel: [phone]: Fax: [phone];
email: Embree(@bldgHSC Lan I.UManitoba CA
Mo.C.1495
CHANGING PATTERN OF REPORTED HIV INFECTION IN HONG KONG 1985-1995
Choi MY, Lee SS, Wong KH Chan Fu Chun. Department of Health, Hong Kong.
Objectives: To study the epidemiolog ical pattern of HIV infection in Hong Kong over an I Iyear period
Methods: A voluntary reporting system has been adopted in Hong Kong for HIV infection
and AIDS since 1985.The collected data are computed into the local surveillance system.
Epi-info version 6.02 is used for data analysis.This paper reviews the pattern of reported
HIV infection from 1985 through 1995.
Results: As of the end of 995. a cumulative total of 642 HIV infections and 175 AIDS have
been reported. Ninety percent were male and two-thirds were ethnic Chinese. Only 24
(3.7%) cases were at or below the age of 13. All children, apart from 3 perinatal cases, have
acquired the infection through blood or blood product infusion before safe blood/blood
products became universally available in August 1985. Eighty percent of all cases were sexually acquired and heterosexual transmission has predominated.
Four phases could be discerned when the epidemiological pattern in Hong Kong was
analysed. Phase I started when the first AIDS case, a homosexual man, was reported in
1985. H-IV testing became widely available and many homo/bisexual men and haemophiliacs
were tested causing a narrow spike on the HIV epidemic curve in 1985. Phase I lasted
from 1987 to 91 when the increase in HIV was slow yet steady Most of those infected
were Caucasians and/or homo/bisexuals. Phase Ill lasted from 1991 to 94.The reported
HIV infection had doubled abruptly and demonstrated an obvious shift to ethnic Chinese.
Heterosexual transmissn sstarted to outnumber homo/bisexuals.The HIV infection was, by
then, behlieved to have taken root in the local community Phase IV has been the accelerating phase. Four landmarks are observed (I) The annual AIDS incidence now doubles that
of the previous years, mirorng the rise in HIV infection in the preceding phase. (2) The
cumulative femrnale HIV infection has risen by 2-fold. (3) The first AIDS baby was diagnosed.
(4) A notable 13% are of non- Chinese Asian ethnicity, which was almost non-existent in the
first two phases.
One striking feature of the AIDS epidemic in Hong Kong is the limited spread among the
injecting drug users, representing only 2%(I 3) of the cumulative total.
Conclusion: In Hong Kong, AIDS is striding into its second decade with an accelerated
speed.The reported nformatron has been useful in monitoring the growth of the epidemic.
Chan ou Chun, Department of Health, 5/ F.Yaumater jockey Club Clinic, 145 Battery Street
Kowloon, Hong Korag, Tel: [phone], email: esicroaidlhkucohku.hk
Mo.C.1496
TRENDS OF HIV I & 2 INFECTION IN STD PATIENTS AND PATTERN OF
TRANSMISSION TO THEIR SPOUSES IN BOMBAY, INDIA.
Bhave G.*, Desai Seema*, Parkar V* ' Seth G.S Medical College & Kem Hospital, Bombay, India.
Objectives: i) To determine the HIV I & 2 Seroprevalence among STD patients in Bombay
and to document trends over time. lI To determine the transmission pattern of HIV I & 2
to their spouses.
Methods: As a part oa HIV sentinel surveillance programme a total of 2,400 sera of STD
patients were screened after pretest counselhng. 300 samples were consecutively screened
from Jan Mi & Jun-AurA for 4 years f6om 1992-1995 using combined HIV I & 2 ELISA kits
from Genelav a Pasteur. Reactive samples were retested using Spot test (Immuno-comb
orgenics & Recr,ir,.ambridge biotech). HIV I reactive sera were confirmed using
Western Bot foi nn,ntic Biotechnology Ltd. and HIV 2 and combined HIV I & 2 reactive sera were. rrmerrn IIrnnolia - Innogenetics Kit.
Result:The s.., p -- was predominantly male (9 1%).All patients belonged to sexually active ag.,r. eu a ears). Overall HIV prevalence was 19%. HIV infection showed
rising trend froa.irt quarter of 1992 to 30% by second quarter of 1995. Among
the 476 HIV infe ted r lrduals HIV I was reactive in 395 (82.9%), HIV 2 in 22 (4I.6%) and
combined HIV I & n'/- (2%). Post test counselling was given to all HIV infected individuals. 150 i.e. 3 I1% HIV inecte-d attended ongoing follow up counselling sessions 53% g ave
history of genital ulcerative diseases. 55% were married individuals of which 34% i.e. 28
individuals brought the r female spouses for HIV test, 26 male spouses had HIV I & two
had HIV 2 infection. HIV was transmitted to 18 i.e. 64% female spouses, all of whom had
HIV I infection and none had HIV 2.
Conclusion: HIVa infection shows a gradually rising trend in STD patients over 4 years period, HIV 2 and combined HIV I & 2 are prevalent in STD patients. All nfected female
spouses had HIV I infection. -IV awareness, condom promotion and intensive STD control
programme needs to be implemented.
Seema N. Desai D/4 Kailashpuri, C-D Barfiwala Marg, Andheri (West), Bombay 400 058.
India. Contact NO.91 22 620714I
Mo.C. 1497
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON SEXUAL/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN PROMOTION OF FAMILY PLANNING/AIDS PREVENTION IN SLUMS OF SOUTH INDIA
Kutikuppala Surya Rao*, Rao MV*, Brahmam KK*, Murty MV**, Kurmar Ch. K.*. *(SHIARP)
School of HIV/AIDS Research & Prevention. AIDS Prevention Division, Child Foundation,
Visakhapatnarm-530008,AP India; "**Statistics Dept., Andhra University.
Objective: To study the sexual and reproductive health of 300 couples and to describe factors associated with promotion of Family Planning and HIV/AIDS prevention of the
slums/red light areas of Visakhapatnam port city Andhra Pradesh. South India.
Methods: 300 eligible couples were taken on a random and purposeful sampling out of
2000 eligible couples already surveyed. Necessary schedules were developed with appropriate questionnaire to elicit information from the respondents on Family Planning. STD,
AIDS, Extramarital sex, Behavioural pattern and Socio-economic conditions and the study
was conducted during Nov 94 to Dec 95. Necessary investigations were performed wher
ever required.
Results: Out of 300 couples studied 31% husbands had extra marital sex, 15.3% had pre
marital sex, 9.3% of them using condoms. 37% are suffering from STDs during past 12
months. 24% wives are found to have been engaged in prostitution 39 reported STDs,
4.3% had pre marital sex and I I% of husbands and 6% of wives reported that they learned
first time about AIDS through TV/films. 15% of the couples underwent permanent methods
of sterilization, 48% of the wives are following one of the family planning methods.
Conclusion: We found that 48% of couples studied are interested to have a small family
norms but they are not showing any interest towards sexual and areproductive health.
Awareness about AIDS is very poor even after a decde of the epide mic herhe. Snce family
planning programme has sound infrastructure in India for the last 3 decades, t is advied
that the STD/AIDS prevention strategies should go han n had with famil / planning n
developing countries like India for effective control of HIV/AIDS.
Kutikuppala Surya Rao, Directaor; SHARPChild Foundation,. 39 5 30,Murali nagar:
Visakhapatnam-530007, AP India.Telephone: [phone], 558529
Fax: [phone]
Mo.C.1498
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS AND PATTERNS OF SPATIAL DIFFUSION OF AIDS
EPIDEMIC IN TAMILNADU, INDIA
S.Shanmuganandan*, R.Maniyosai*. *Department of (Medical) Geography, Madurai Kamara/
University, Palkalainagar, Madurai-62502 ITamilnadu, India
Objectives:To map out the geographic distribution of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Tamilnadu,
India and to identify the areas of highest concentration with reference to the spatial spread,
incidence, transmission modes and the associated risk factors; To attempt to identify the
behavioural pattern of sprread with reference to descriptive epidemiological indicators and
to plan for prevention and control of spread.
Methods:The Study was attempted to collect entire data related to HIV/AIDS reported at
the Surveillance centres located at Madras and Madurai and to map out the same with reference to sex and age-wise variation in distribution, transmission mode and risk factors
involved in it.The behavioural pattern of transmission was identifed and studied with reference to time component (1989-1994). Simple descnptive statistical techniques were used
to analyse the risk factors in relation to age and sex.
Results: It was inferred from the spatial diffusion maps that the diffusion process is extensive in character and the epidemic wave had shown an alarming trend evidenced by an
increase on the number of cases reported per month.The epidemic wave was in the place
of origin and also in the north when compared to the south.The southern branch of spatial
diffusion of HIV has covered a larger area and also in almost all the d sections ofTamilnadu.
Nearly two-thirds of the areas of Tamilnadu has come under the grip of HIV epidemic The
behavioural pattern of HIV diffusion confirmed the heterosexual mode of transmassion
spread an hiecarch cal manner thus explaesing the movement of the epidem ro large
urban centres to medium and smaller urban centres.The spatral diffus en procnsa as much
faster in the south than in the north.
Conclusion:The study thus highlighted the histogeness of the geographic distribution and
spatial patterns of diffusine of DIV epidemin and th a t enly dent fled the agod teoI of
DIV transmission but also reflects the sociecnomin inpacteenthe burden of the disease
in different geographic reg ions.
Mr..Maniyosai, M.Sc., M.Phil.,Research Scholar Department of Geography Madurai Kamaraj
University Palkalainagac Madurai-625021,Tamilnadu, IndiaTel.: 91 I452 -11022
Fax: [phone]