Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

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Title
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Author
Anonymous
Publication
Oxford: Clarendon Press
1967
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Oxford Text Archive numer: U*-62-A

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"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." In the digital collection Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/Gawain. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed October 9, 2024.

Pages

Page 1

Passus I

SIÞEN þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe borȝ brittened and brent to brondeȝ and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wroȝt Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erthe: Hit watz Ennias þe athel, and his highe kynde, Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welneȝe of al þe wele in þe west iles. Fro riche Romulus to Rome ricchis hym swyþe, With gret bobbaunce þat burȝe he biges vpon fyrst, And neuenes hit his aune nome, as hit now hat; Tirius to Tuskan and teldes bigynnes, Langaberde in Lumbardie lyftes vp homes, And fer ouer þe French flod Felix Brutus On mony bonkkes ful brode Bretayn he settez wyth wynne, Where werre and wrake and wonder Bi syþez hatz wont þerinne, And oft boþe blysse and blunder Ful skete hatz skyfted synne.
Ande quen þis Bretayn watz bigged bi þis burn rych, Bolde bredden þerinne, baret þat lofden, In mony turned tyme tene þat wroȝten. Mo ferlyes on þis folde han fallen here oft Þen in any oþer þat I wot, syn þat ilk tyme. Bot of alle þat here bult, of Bretaygne kynges, Ay watz Arthur þe hendest, as I haf herde telle. [folio 91v]

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Forþi an aunter in erde I attle to schawe, Þat a selly in siȝt summe men hit holden, And an outtrage awenture of Arthurez wonderez. If ȝe wyl lysten þis laye bot on littel quile, I schal telle hit as-tit, as I in toun herde, with tonge, As hit is stad and stoken In stori stif and stronge, With lel letteres loken, In londe so hatz ben longe.
Þis kyng lay at Camylot vpon Krystmasse With mony luflych lorde, ledez of þe best, Rekenly of þe Rounde Table alle þo rich breþer, With rych reuel oryȝt and rechles merþes. Þer tournayed tulkes by tymez ful mony, Justed ful jolilé þise gentyle kniȝtes, Syþen kayred to þe court caroles to make. For þer þe fest watz ilyche ful fiften dayes, With alle þe mete and þe mirþe þat men couþe avyse; Such glaum ande gle glorious to here, Dere dyn vpon day, daunsyng on nyȝtes, Al watz hap vpon heȝe in hallez and chambrez With lordez and ladies, as leuest him þoȝt. With all þe wele of þe worlde þay woned þer samen, Þe most kyd knyȝtez vnder Krystes seluen, And þe louelokkest ladies þat euer lif haden, And he þe comlokest kyng þat þe court haldes; For al watz þis fayre folk in her first age, on sille, Þe hapnest vnder heuen, Kyng hyȝest mon of wylle; Hit were now gret nye to neuen So hardy a here on hille.
Wyle Nw Ȝer watz so ȝep þat hit watz nwe cummen, Þat day doubble on þe dece watz þe douth serued. Fro þe kyng watz cummen with knyȝtes into þe halle,

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Þe chauntré of þe chapel cheued to an ende, Loude crye watz þer kest of clerkez and oþer, [folio 92r] Nowel nayted onewe, neuened ful ofte; And syþen riche forth runnen to reche hondeselle, Ȝeȝed ȝeres-ȝiftes on hiȝ, ȝelde hem bi hond, Debated busyly aboute þo giftes; Ladies laȝed ful loude, þoȝ þay lost haden, And he þat wan watz not wrothe, þat may ȝe wel trawe. Alle þis mirþe þay maden to þe mete tyme; When þay had waschen worþyly þay wenten to sete, Þe best burne ay abof, as hit best semed, Whene Guenore, ful gay, grayþed in þe myddes, Dressed on þe dere des, dubbed al aboute, Smal sendal bisides, a selure hir ouer Of tryed tolouse, and tars tapites innoghe, Þat were enbrawded and beten wyth þe best gemmes Þat myȝt be preued of prys wyth penyes to bye, in daye. Þe comlokest to discrye Þer glent with yȝen gray, A semloker þat euer he syȝe Soth moȝt no mon say.
Bot Arthure wolde not ete til al were serued, He watz so joly of his joyfnes, and sumquat childgered: His lif liked hym lyȝt, he louied þe lasse Auþer to longe lye or to longe sitte, So bisied him his ȝonge blod and his brayn wylde. And also an oþer maner meued him eke Þat he þurȝ nobelay had nomen, he wolde neuer ete Vpon such a dere day er hym deuised were Of sum auenturus þyng an vncouþe tale, Of sum mayn meruayle, þat he myȝt trawe, Of alderes, of armes, of oþer auenturus, Oþer sum segg hym bisoȝt of sum siker knyȝt To joyne wyth hym in iustyng, in jopardé to lay, Lede, lif for lyf, leue vchon oþer,

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As fortune wolde fulsun hom, þe fayrer to haue. Þis watz þe kynges countenaunce where he in court were, At vch farand fest among his fre meny [folio 92v] in halle. Þerfore of face so fere He stiȝtlez stif in stalle, Ful ȝep in þat Nw Ȝere Much mirthe he mas withalle.
Thus þer stondes in stale þe stif kyng hisseluen, Talkkande bifore þe hyȝe table of trifles ful hende. There gode Gawan watz grayþed Gwenore bisyde, And Agrauayn a la dure mayn on þat oþer syde sittes, Boþe þe kynges sistersunes and ful siker kniȝtes; Bischop Bawdewyn abof biginez þe table, And Ywan, Vryn son, ette with hymseluen. Þise were diȝt on þe des and derworþly serued, And siþen mony siker segge at þe sidbordez. Þen þe first cors come with crakkyng of trumpes, Wyth mony baner ful bryȝt þat þerbi henged; Nwe nakryn noyse with þe noble pipes, Wylde werbles and wyȝt wakned lote, Þat mony hert ful hiȝe hef at her towches. Dayntés dryuen þerwyth of ful dere metes, Foysoun of þe fresche, and on so fele disches Þat pine to fynde þe place þe peple biforne For to sette þe sylueren þat sere sewes halden on clothe. Iche lede as he loued hymselue Þer laght withouten loþe; Ay two had disches twelue, Good ber and bryȝt wyn boþe.
Now wyl I of hor seruise say yow no more, For vch wyȝe may wel wit no wont þat þer were. An oþer noyse ful newe neȝed biliue, Þat þe lude myȝt haf leue liflode to cach;

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For vneþe watz þe noyce not a whyle sesed, And þe fyrst cource in þe court kyndely serued, Þer hales in at þe halle dor an aghlich mayster, On þe most on þe molde on mesure hyghe; Fro þe swyre to þe swange so sware and so þik, And his lyndes and his lymes so longe and so grete, [folio 93r] Half etayn in erde I hope þat he were, Bot mon most I algate mynn hym to bene, And þat þe myriest in his muckel þat myȝt ride; For of bak and of brest al were his bodi sturne, Both his wombe and his wast were worthily smale, And alle his fetures folȝande, in forme þat he hade, ful clene; For wonder of his hwe men hade, Set in his semblaunt sene; He ferde as freke were fade, And oueral enker-grene.
Ande al grayþed in grene þis gome and his wedes: A strayte cote ful streȝt, þat stek on his sides, A meré mantile abof, mensked withinne With pelure pured apert, þe pane ful clene With blyþe blaunner ful bryȝt, and his hod boþe, Þat watz laȝt fro his lokkez and layde on his schulderes; Heme wel-haled hose of þat same, Þat spenet on his sparlyr, and clene spures vnder Of bryȝt golde, vpon silk bordes barred ful ryche, And scholes vnder schankes þere þe schalk rides; And alle his vesture uerayly watz clene verdure, Boþe þe barres of his belt and oþer blyþe stones, Þat were richely rayled in his aray clene Aboutte hymself and his sadel, vpon silk werkez. Þat were to tor for to telle of tryfles þe halue Þat were enbrauded abof, wyth bryddes and flyȝes, With gay gaudi of grene, þe golde ay inmyddes. Þe pendauntes of his payttrure, þe proude cropure, His molaynes, and alle þe metail anamayld was þenne, Þe steropes þat he stod on stayned of þe same,

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And his arsounz al after and his aþel skyrtes, Þat euer glemered and glent al of grene stones; Þe fole þat he ferkkes on fyn of þat ilke, sertayn, A grene hors gret and þikke, A stede ful stif to strayne, In brawden brydel quik-- [folio 93v] To þe gome he watz ful gayn.
Wel gay watz þis gome gered in grene, And þe here of his hed of his hors swete. Fayre fannand fax vmbefoldes his schulderes; A much berd as a busk ouer his brest henges, Þat wyth his hiȝlich here þat of his hed reches Watz euesed al vmbetorne abof his elbowes, Þat half his armes þer-vnder were halched in þe wyse Of a kyngez capados þat closes his swyre; Þe mane of þat mayn hors much to hit lyke, Wel cresped and cemmed, wyth knottes ful mony Folden in wyth fildore aboute þe fayre grene, Ay a herle of þe here, an oþer of golde; Þe tayl and his toppyng twynnen of a sute, And bounden boþe wyth a bande of a bryȝt grene, Dubbed wyth ful dere stonez, as þe dok lasted, Syþen þrawen wyth a þwong a þwarle knot alofte, Þer mony bellez ful bryȝt of brende golde rungen. Such a fole vpon folde, ne freke þat hym rydes, Watz neuer sene in þat sale wyth syȝt er þat tyme, with yȝe. He loked as layt so lyȝt, So sayd al þat hym syȝe; Hit semed as no mon myȝt Vnder his dynttez dryȝe.
Wheþer hade he no helme ne hawbergh nauþer, Ne no pysan ne no plate þat pented to armes, Ne no schafte ne no schelde to schwue ne to smyte, Bot in his on honde he hade a holyn bobbe,

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Þat is grattest in grene when greuez ar bare, And an ax in his oþer, a hoge and vnmete, A spetos sparþe to expoun in spelle, quoso myȝt. Þe lenkþe of an elnȝerde þe large hede hade, Þe grayn al of grene stele and of golde hewen, Þe bit burnyst bryȝt, with a brod egge As wel schapen to schere as scharp rasores, Þe stele of a stif staf þe sturne hit bi grypte, [folio 94r] Þat watz wounden wyth yrn to þe wandez ende, And al bigrauen with grene in gracios werkes; A lace lapped aboute, þat louked at þe hede, And so after þe halme halched ful ofte, Wyth tryed tasselez þerto tacched innoghe On botounz of þe bryȝt grene brayden ful ryche. Þis haþel heldez hym in and þe halle entres, Driuande to þe heȝe dece, dut he no woþe, Haylsed he neuer one, bot heȝe he ouer loked. Þe fyrst word þat he warp, 'Wher is', he sayd, 'Þe gouernour of þis gyng? Gladly I wolde Se þat segg in syȝt, and with hymself speke raysoun.' To knyȝtez he kest his yȝe, And reled hym vp and doun; He stemmed, and con studie Quo walt þer most renoun.
Ther watz lokyng on lenþe þe lude to beholde, For vch mon had meruayle quat hit mene myȝt Þat a haþel and a horse myȝt such a hwe lach, As growe grene as þe gres and grener hit semed, Þen grene aumayl on golde glowande bryȝter. Al studied þat þer stod, and stalked hym nerre Wyth al þe wonder of þe worlde what he worch schulde. For fele sellyez had þay sen, bot such neuer are; Forþi for fantoum and fayryȝe þe folk þere hit demed. Þerfore to answare watz arȝe mony aþel freke, And al stouned at his steuen and stonstil seten In a swoghe sylence þurȝ þe sale riche;

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As al were slypped vpon slepe so slaked hor lotez in hyȝe-- I deme hit not al for doute, Bot sum for cortaysye-- Bot let hym þat al schulde loute Cast vnto þat wyȝe.
Þenn Arþour bifore þe hiȝ dece þat auenture byholdez, And rekenly hym reuerenced, for rad was he neuer, And sayde, 'Wyȝe, welcum iwys to þis place, [folio 94v] Þe hede of þis ostel Arthour I hat; Liȝt luflych adoun and lenge, I þe praye, And quat-so þy wylle is we schal wyt after.' 'Nay, as help me,' quoþ þe haþel, 'he þat on hyȝe syttes, To wone any quyle in þis won, hit watz not myn ernde; Bot for þe los of þe, lede, is lyft vp so hyȝe, And þy burȝ and þy burnes best ar holden, Stifest vnder stel-gere on stedes to ryde, Þe wyȝtest and þe worþyest of þe worldes kynde, Preue for to play wyth in oþer pure laykez, And here is kydde cortaysye, as I haf herd carp, And þat hatz wayned me hider, iwyis, at þis tyme. Ȝe may be seker bi þis braunch þat I bere here Þat I passe as in pes, and no plyȝt seche; For had I founded in fere in feȝtyng wyse, I haue a hauberghe at home and a helme boþe, A schelde and a scharp spere, schinande bryȝt, Ande oþer weppenes to welde, I wene wel, als; Bot for I wolde no were, my wedez ar softer. Bot if þou be so bold as alle burnez tellen, Þou wyl grant me godly þe gomen þat I ask bi ryȝt.' Arthour con onsware, And sayd, 'Sir cortays knyȝt, If þou craue batayl bare, Here faylez þou not to fyȝt.'
'Nay, frayst I no fyȝt, in fayth I þe telle, Hit arn aboute on þis bench bot berdlez chylder. If I were hasped in armes on a heȝe stede,

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Here is no mon me to mach, for myȝtez so wayke. Forþy I craue in þis court a Crystemas gomen, For hit is Ȝol and Nwe Ȝer, and here ar ȝep mony: If any so hardy in þis hous holdez hymseluen, Be so bolde in his blod, brayn in hys hede, Þat dar stifly strike a strok for an oþer, I schal gif hym of my gyft þys giserne ryche, Þis ax, þat is heué innogh, to hondele as hym lykes, [folio 95r] And I schal bide þe fyrst bur as bare as I sitte. If any freke be so felle to fonde þat I telle, Lepe lyȝtly me to, and lach þis weppen, I quit-clayme hit for euer, kepe hit as his auen, And I schal stonde hym a strok, stif on þis flet, Ellez þou wyl diȝt me þe dom to dele hym an oþer barlay, And ȝet gif hym respite, A twelmonyth and a day; Now hyȝe, and let se tite Dar any herinne oȝt say.' If he hem stowned vpon fyrst, stiller were þanne Alle þe heredmen in halle, þe hyȝ and þe loȝe. Þe renk on his rouncé hym ruched in his sadel, And runischly his rede yȝen he reled aboute, Bende his bresed broȝez, blycande grene, Wayued his berde for to wayte quo-so wolde ryse. When non wolde kepe hym with carp he coȝed ful hyȝe, Ande rimed hym ful richly, and ryȝt hym to speke: 'What, is þis Arthures hous,' quoþ þe haþel þenne, 'Þat al þe rous rennes of þurȝ ryalmes so mony? Where is now your sourquydrye and your conquestes, Your gryndellayk and your greme, and your grete wordes? Now is þe reuel and þe renoun of þe Rounde Table Ouerwalt wyth a worde of on wyȝes speche, For al dares for drede withoute dynt schewed!' Wyth þis he laȝes so loude þat þe lorde greued; Þe blod schot for scham into his schyre face and lere;

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He wex as wroth as wynde, So did alle þat þer were. Þe kyng as kene bi kynde Þen stod þat stif mon nere,
Ande sayde, 'Haþel, by heuen, þyn askyng is nys, And as þou foly hatz frayst, fynde þe behoues. I know no gome þat is gast of þy grete wordes; Gif me now þy geserne, vpon Godez halue, And I schal bayþen þy bone þat þou boden habbes.' [folio 95v] Lyȝtly lepez he hym to, and laȝt at his honde. Þen feersly þat oþer freke vpon fote lyȝtis. Now hatz Arthure his axe, and þe halme grypez, And sturnely sturez hit aboute, þat stryke wyth hit þoȝt. Þe stif mon hym bifore stod vpon hyȝt, Herre þen ani in þe hous by þe hede and more. Wyth sturne schere þer he stod he stroked his berde, And wyth a countenaunce dryȝe he droȝ doun his cote, No more mate ne dismayd for hys mayn dintez Þen any burne vpon bench hade broȝt hym to drynk of wyne. Gawan, þat sate bi þe quene, To þe kyng he can enclyne: 'I beseche now with saȝez sene Þis melly mot be myne.
'Wolde ȝe, worþilych lorde,' quoþ Wawan to þe kyng, 'Bid me boȝe fro þis benche, and stonde by yow þere, Þat I wythoute vylanye myȝt voyde þis table, And þat my legge lady lyked not ille, I wolde com to your counseyl bifore your cort ryche. For me þink hit not semly, as hit is soþ knawen, Þer such an askyng is heuened so hyȝe in your sale, Þaȝ ȝe ȝourself be talenttyf, to take hit to yourseluen, Whil mony so bolde yow aboute vpon bench sytten, Þat vnder heuen I hope non haȝerer of wylle, Ne better bodyes on bent þer baret is rered. I am þe wakkest, I wot, and of wyt feblest, And lest lur of my lyf, quo laytes þe soþe--

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Bot for as much as ȝe ar myn em I am only to prayse, No bounté bot your blod I in my bodé knowe; And syþen þis note is so nys þat noȝt hit yow falles, And I haue frayned hit at yow fyrst, foldez hit to me; And if I carp not comlyly, let alle þis cort rych bout blame.' Ryche togeder con roun, And syþen þay redden alle same To ryd þe kyng wyth croun, And gif Gawan þe game. [folio 96r]
Þen comaunded þe kyng þe knyȝt for to ryse; And he ful radly vpros, and ruchched hym fayre, Kneled doun bifore þe kyng, and cachez þat weppen; And he luflyly hit hym laft, and lyfte vp his honde, And gef hym Goddez blessyng, and gladly hym biddes Þat his hert and his honde schulde hardi be boþe. 'Kepe þe, cosyn,' quoþ þe kyng, 'þat þou on kyrf sette, And if þou redez hym ryȝt, redly I trowe Þat þou schal byden þe bur þat he schal bede after.' Gawan gotz to þe gome with giserne in honde, And he baldly hym bydez, he bayst neuer þe helder. Þen carppez to Sir Gawan þe knyȝt in þe grene, 'Refourme we oure forwardes, er we fyrre passe. Fyrst I eþe þe, haþel, how þat þou hattes Þat þou me telle truly, as I tryst may.' 'In god fayth,' quoþ þe goode knyȝt, 'Gawan I hatte, Þat bede þe þis buffet, quat-so bifallez after, And at þis tyme twelmonyth take at þe an oþer Wyth what weppen so þou wylt, and wyth no wyȝ ellez on lyue.' Þat oþer onswarez agayn, 'Sir Gawan, so mot I þryue As I am ferly fayn Þis dint þat þou schal dryue.
'Bigog,' quoþ þe grene knyȝt, 'Sir Gawan, me lykes Þat I schal fange at þy fust þat I haf frayst here. And þou hatz redily rehersed, bi resoun ful trwe,

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Clanly al þe couenaunt þat I þe kynge asked, Saf þat þou schal siker me, segge, bi þi trawþe, Þat þou schal seche me þiself, where-so þou hopes I may be funde vpon folde, and foch þe such wages As þou deles me to-day bifore þis douþe ryche.' 'Where schulde I wale þe,' quoþ Gauan, 'where is þy place? I wot neuer where þou wonyes, bi hym þat me wroȝt, Ne I know not þe, knyȝt, by cort ne þi name. Bot teche me truly þerto, and telle me how þou hattes, And I schal ware alle my wyt to wynne me þeder, [folio 96v] And þat I swere þe for soþe, and by my seker traweþ.' 'Þat is innogh in Nwe Ȝer, hit nedes no more', Quoþ þe gome in þe grene to Gawan þe hende; 'Ȝif I þe telle trwly, quen I þe tape haue And þou me smoþely hatz smyten, smartly I þe teche Of my hous and my home and myn owen nome, Þen may þou frayst my fare and forwardez holde; And if I spende no speche, þenne spedez þou þe better, For þou may leng in þy londe and layt no fyrre-- bot slokes! Ta now þy grymme tole to þe, And let se how þou cnokez.' 'Gladly, sir, for soþe', Quoþ Gawan; his ax he strokes.
Þe grene knyȝt vpon grounde grayþely hym dresses, A littel lut with þe hede, þe lere he discouerez, His longe louelych lokkez he layd ouer his croun, Let þe naked nec to þe note schewe. Gauan gripped to his ax, and gederes hit on hyȝt, Þe kay fot on þe folde he before sette, Let him doun lyȝtly lyȝt on þe naked, Þat þe scharp of þe schalk schyndered þe bones, And schrank þurȝ þe schyire grece, and schade hit in twynne, Þat þe bit of þe broun stel bot on þe grounde. Þe fayre hede fro þe halce hit to þe erþe, Þat fele hit foyned wyth her fete, þere hit forth roled; Þe blod brayd fro þe body, þat blykked on þe grene;

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And nawþer faltered ne fel þe freke neuer þe helder, Bot styþly he start forth vpon styf schonkes, And runyschly he raȝt out, þere as renkkez stoden, Laȝt to his lufly hed, and lyft hit vp sone; And syþen boȝez to his blonk, þe brydel he cachchez, Steppez into stelbawe and strydez alofte, And his hede by þe here in his honde haldez; And as sadly þe segge hym in his sadel sette As non vnhap had hym ayled, þaȝ hedlez he were in stedde. He brayde his bulk aboute, [folio 97r] Þat vgly bodi þat bledde; Moni on of hym had doute, Bi þat his resounz were redde.
For þe hede in his honde he haldez vp euen, Toward þe derrest on þe dece he dressez þe face, And hit lyfte vp þe yȝe-lyddez and loked ful brode, And meled þus much with his muthe, as ȝe may now here: 'Loke, Gawan, þou be grayþe to go as þou hettez, And layte as lelly til þou me, lude, fynde, As þou hatz hette in þis halle, herande þise knyȝtes; To þe grene chapel þou chose, I charge þe, to fotte Such a dunt as þou hatz dalt--disserued þou habbez To be ȝederly ȝolden on Nw Ȝeres morn. Þe knyȝt of þe grene chapel men knowen me mony; Forþi me for to fynde if þou fraystez, faylez þou neuer. Þerfore com, oþer recreaunt be calde þe behoues.' With a runisch rout þe raynez he tornez, Halled out at þe hal dor, his hed in his hande, Þat þe fyr of þe flynt flaȝe fro fole houes. To quat kyth he becom knwe non þere, Neuer more þen þay wyste from queþen he watz wonnen. What þenne? Þe kyng and Gawen þare At þat grene þay laȝe and grenne, Ȝet breued watz hit ful bare A meruayl among þo menne.

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Þaȝ Arþer þe hende kyng at hert hade wonder, He let no semblaunt be sene, bot sayde ful hyȝe To þe comlych quene wyth cortays speche, 'Dere dame, to-day demay yow neuer; Wel bycommes such craft vpon Cristmasse, Laykyng of enterludez, to laȝe and to syng, Among þise kynde caroles of knyȝtez and ladyez. Neuer þe lece to my mete I may me wel dres, For I haf sen a selly, I may not forsake.' He glent vpon Sir Gawen, and gaynly he sayde, 'Now, sir, heng vp þyn ax, þat hatz innogh hewen'; [folio 97v] And hit watz don abof þe dece on doser to henge, Þer alle men for meruayl myȝt on hit loke, And bi trwe tytel þerof to telle þe wonder. Þenne þay boȝed to a borde þise burnes togeder, Þe kyng and þe gode knyȝt, and kene men hem serued Of alle dayntyez double, as derrest myȝt falle; Wyth alle maner of mete and mynstralcie boþe, Wyth wele walt þay þat day, til worþed an ende in londe. Now þenk wel, Sir Gawan, For woþe þat þou ne wonde Þis auenture for to frayn Þat þou hatz tan on honde.
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