Chaucer's translation of Boethius's "De consolatione philosphiæ" / edited from British Museum additional MS. 10, 340 collated with Cambridge University Library MS. Ii.3.21 by Richard Morris

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Title
Chaucer's translation of Boethius's "De consolatione philosphiæ" / edited from British Museum additional MS. 10, 340 collated with Cambridge University Library MS. Ii.3.21 by Richard Morris
Author
Boethius, d. 524
Editor
Morris, Richard, 1833-1894
Publication
London: Oxford University Press
1868
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"Chaucer's translation of Boethius's "De consolatione philosphiæ" / edited from British Museum additional MS. 10, 340 collated with Cambridge University Library MS. Ii.3.21 by Richard Morris." In the digital collection Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/ChaucerBo. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 23, 2025.

Pages

Chaucer did not English Boethius second-hand, through any early French version, as some have supposed, but made his translation with the Latin original before him.

Jean de Méung's version, the only early French translation, perhaps, accessible to Chaucer, is not always literal, while the present translation is seldom free or periphrastic, but conforms closely to the Latin, and is at times awkwardly literal. A few passages, taken haphazard, will make this sufficiently clear.

  • ...

    Et dolor œtatem jussit inesse suam. And sorou haþ comaunded his age to be in me (p. 4).

    Et ma douleur commanda a vieillesse Entrer en moy / ains quen fust hors ieunesse.
  • ... Mors hominum felix, quœ se nec dulcibus annis Inserit, et mœstis sœpe vocata venit.

    Þilke deeþ of men is welful þat ne comeþ not in ȝeres þat ben swete (i. mirie). but comeþ to wrecches often yclepid. (p. 4)

    On dit la mort des homes estre eureuse Qui ne vient pas en saison plantureuse Mais des tristes moult souuent appellee Elle y affuit nue / seche et pelee.
  • ...

    Querimoniam lacrymabilem. Wepli compleynte (p. 5). Fr. ma complainte moy esmouuant a pleurs.

  • ...

    Styli officio. Wiþ office of poyntel (p. 5). Fr. (que ie reduisse) par escript.

  • ...

    Inexhaustus. Swiche ... þat it ne myȝt[e] not be emptid (p. 5). Fr. inconsumptible.

  • ...

    Scenicas meretriculas. Comune strumpetis of siche a place þat men clepen þe theatre (p. 6). Fr. ces ribaudelles fardees.

  • ...

    Prœcipiti profundo. In ouer-þrowyng depnesse (p. 7).

    [L]As que la pensee de lomme Est troublee et plongie comme En abisme precipitee Sa propre lumiere gastee.
  • ...

    Nec pervetusta nec incelebris. Neyþer ouer-oolde ne vnsolempne (p. 11). Fr. desquelz la memoire nest pas trop ancienne ou non recitee.

  • ...

    Inter secreta otia. Among my secre restyng whiles (p. 14). Fr. entre mes secrettes et oyseuses estudes.

  • ...

    Palatini canes. Þe houndys of þe palays (p. 15). Fr. les chiens du palais.

Page xiv

  • ...

    Masculœ prolis. Of þi masculyn children (p. 37). Fr. de ta lignie masculine.

  • ...

    Ad singularem felicitatis tuœ cumulum venire delectat. It deliteþ me to comen now to þe singuler vphepyng of þi welefulnesse (p. 37). Fr. Il me plait venir au singulier monceau de ta felicite.

  • ...

    Consulare imperium. Emperie of consulers (p. 51). Fr. lempire consulaire.

  • ...

    Hoc ipsum brevis habitaculi. Of þilke litel habitacle (p. 57). Fr. de cest trespetit habitacle.

  • ...

    Late patentes plagas. Þe brode shewyng contreys (p. 60).

    Qviconques tend a gloire vaine Et le croit estre souueraine Voye les regions patentes Du ciel . . . . . .
  • ...

    Ludens hominum cura. Þe pleiyng besines of men (p. 68).

    Si quil tollist par doulz estude Des hommes la solicitude . .
  • ...

    Hausi cœlum. I took heuene (p. 10). Fr. ie . . . regarday le ciel.

  • ...

    Certamen adversum prœfectum prœtorii communis commodi ratione suscepi. I took strif aȝeins þe prouost of þe pretorie for comune profit (p. 15). Fr. ie entrepris lestrif a lencontre du prefect du parlement royal a cause de la commune vtilite.

  • ...

    At cujus criminis arguimur summam quœris? But axest þou in somme of what gilt I am accused? (p. 17). Fr. Mais demandes tu la somme du pechie duquel pechie nous sommes arguez?

  • ...

    Fortuita temeritate. By fortunouse fortune (p. 26). Fr. par fortuite folie.

  • ...

    Quos premunt septem gelidi triones. Alle þe peoples þat ben vndir þe colde sterres þat hyȝten þe seuene triones (p. 55). Fr. ceulx de septentrion.

  • ...

    Ita ego quoque tibi veluti corollarium dabo. Ryȝt so wil I ȝeue þe here as a corolarie or a mede of coroune (p. 91). Fr. semblablement ie te donneray ainsi que vng correlaire.

  • ...

    In stadio. In þe stadie or in þe forlonge (p. 119). Fr. ou (for au) champ.

  • ...

    Conjecto. I coniecte (p. 154). Fr. ie coniecture.

  • ...

    Nimium . . . adversari ac repugnare videtur. It semeþ . . . to repugnen and to contrarien gretly. Fr. Ce semble chose trop contraire et repugnante.

  • ...

    Universitatis ambitum. Envirounynge of þe vniuersite (p. 165). Fr. lauironnement de luniuersalite.

Page xv

  • ...

    Rationis universum. Vniuersite of resoun (p. 165). Fr. luniuersalite de Raison.

  • ...

    Scientiam nunquam deficientis instantiœ rectius œstimabis. Þou shalt demen [it] more ryȝtfully þat it is science of presence or of instaunce þat neuer ne fayleþ (p. 174). Fr. mais tu la diras plus droittement et mieulx science de instante presentialite non iamais defaillant mais eternelle.

Many of the above examples are very bald renderings of the original, and are only quoted here to show that Chaucer did not make his translation from the French.

Chaucer is not always felicitous in his translations:—thus he translates clavus atque gubernaculum by keye and a stiere (p. 103), and compendium (gain, acquisition) by abreggynge (abridging, curtailment), p. 151. Many terms make their appearance in English for the first time,—and most of them have become naturalized, and are such as we could ill spare. Some few are rather uncommon, as gouernaile (gubernaculum), p. 27; arbitre (arbitrium), p. 154. As Chaucer takes the trouble to explain inestimable (inæstimabilis), p. 158, it could not have been a very familiar term.

Our translator evidently took note of various readings, for on p. 31 he notes a variation of the original. On p. 51 he uses armurers(= armures) to render arma, though most copies agree in reading arva.

There are numerous glosses and explanations of particular passages, which seem to be interpolated by Chaucer himself. Thus he explains what is meant by the heritage of Socrates (p. 10, 11); he gives the meaning of coemption (p. 15); of Euripus (p. 33); of theporch (p. 166) [ See pages 39, 50, 61, 94, 111, 133, 149, 153, 159.] Some of his definitions are very quaint; as, for instance, that of Tragedy —'a dité of a prosperité for a tyme þat endiþ in wrechednesse' (p. 35). One would think that the following definition of Tragedian would be rather superfluous after this,—'a maker of dites þat hyȝten (are called) tregedies' (p. 77).

Melliflui . . . oris Homerusis thus quaintly Englished: Homer wiþ þe hony mouþe, þat is to seyn. homer wiþ þe swete dites (p. 153).

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