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28. [O]leum Siriacum is þus made: Recipe comon malueȝ of gardyneȝ, fatte & fresch, and somewhat brisse hem in a morter, And after boile hem long in comon oile bot noȝt vnto þe consumyng of þe herbe, þat þe fatnes of
þe malueȝ be noȝt consumed. And if þou wilt make it þikke to maner of ane emplastre, þan ow þou for to putte with þe oile as war þrid parte of schepeȝ talow, and boile hem togidre as it is seid, and kepe it to vse.
29. Vnguentum arabicum, Tapsimel (in þe last end of emoroideȝ), Diaflosmos: seke hem in þe tretyse of þe fistuleȝ.
30. Puluis grecus is þus made: Recipe auripigment. citrin. piper. nigri, calcis viue, alphice, i.[e.] barlymele ana, hony clarified partes iij, vinegre þe ferþe parte; be þai medled with þe forseid poudreȝ in maner of paste, and be þer made a kake þerof, and be it baken on a hote tyle stone ouer þe fire so þat it be noȝt brent bot þat it may be wele poudred vpon a stone. And when it bigynneþ to wex blak on þe tile-stone be it oftyme turned þat it be noȝt brent bot þat [it] be perfitely dried. With þis puluis haue I cured sich fikeȝ puttyng out blode, & growyng in þe palme of a manneȝ hand. And if þou haue noȝt puluis grecus þou may do þe same in þe forseid þings with puluis sine pari. And wytte þou þat I haue oft tyme sene puluis grecus for to availe in þe cancre of a manneȝ ȝerde, and in fikeȝ bredyng þer-aboute.
31. [O]ile of roseȝ is þus made: Recipe roses þat bene ful spred, and gredre hem erly whileȝ þe dew lasteþ, and clyppe hem with a paire [of] schereȝ in smale pecys and do hem into a glasen vessel, and do þerto oile of olyue of þe grenest þat þou may fynde, ana, & medle hem wele togidre in þi vessel and stoppe it wele; And hete it agaynȝ þe son 20 daieȝ and þan draw it þurȝ a kanuaȝ and cast away þe groundeȝ of þe roseȝ, And putte þat liquour þat comeþ out into a vessel aȝeyn and stoppe þe vessel þat þer come none aier out. And ich day in þe mornyng when þou schalt hyng out þi potte tak a spature of tre and opne þi potte and stirre it wele, and stoppe it agayne duryng al þe 20 daies.
Anoþer maner [of] makyng, and more colde. Recipe roseȝ & oile ana, and schred þi roses and putte hem into a vessel of glasse with þine oile, and stoppe it wele. And hang it into a vessel with watre vp to þe nek duryng tuo moneþeȝ, and euer ich day stirre it oneȝ and stoppe it
aȝeyn. And after þat streyne it and do away þi groundeȝ of þe roseȝ. And þis is more cold þan þe toþer. Also it is made þus after my maner and myne vse. If þou haue noȝt plente of roseȝ take of white roses with þe tendrons of þe brauncheȝ als mych as þou wilt, and brisse þam in a morter; þe which y-brissed, putte þam in als mych comon oile as þe likeþ, and so latte þam rest 9 daies; afterward boile þam vpon softe fire vnto þe oile be made grene. Þan if þou may haue fresch roseȝ putte þam in ane erþen potte or leden, als many as þe likest; and be þe forseid oile coled hote ȝette aboue and moued togidre with a spature, And alsone stoppe þe mouþe, þat þe vapour go noȝt out. And biry þe vessel with þe oile in moist erþe, and euery oþer day be þer ȝetted cold watre about þe potte. And be it þus done 40 daies or more, & þis maner confection schal be most noble oile roset. And þus ow it to stonde al þe hole ȝere.
32. Oile of violetteȝ may be made in þe same maner. Bot witte þou þat oile of violettes is laxatiue and oile of rose constrictiue. ffor why; if oile of violettȝ with euen porcion of iuyse of Mercurial"smerwort" be ȝetted in by a clistery in continuel acueȝ or interpolate, it remolleþ softely þe boweleȝ and putteþ out þe superfluiteȝ. Oile of violet haþe aspecte to membreȝ þat bene dried by any infirmitè. It abateþ bolnyngȝ wher þat euer þai be; And it softneþ þe asperitè"scharpneȝ"of þe brest and of þe long, and it ceseþ pleuresy and hote apostemeȝ. And witte þou þat þer is tuo manereȝ of oile roset, complete and rude. Complete is made of ripe oile and of ful roseȝ ripe. Rude is made of vnripe oile and of roseȝ þat haþe [not?] fully opned þair buddeȝ. Oile roset complete is resolutiue, confortatyue, and conueniently cedatyue"cesyng" of akyng. Rude forsoþe is extinctyue of inflammacions, confortatyue, aggregatyue, inspissatyue, prohibityue of curseȝ of humours. Oile of roses is special remedy agayns brennyng and hote apostemeȝ, wher þat euer þai be in þe body. ffor whi; in ane or tuo puttyngs to it mitigateþ þe akyng, it dulleþ þe furiositè and þe scharpneȝ of þe mater; It makeþ þe place for to vnbolne,"swage"
and it remeueþ þe rede colour. ffor-soþe it swageþ and softeneþ þe brennyng & þe prikkyng, þe smertyng and þe akyng, And it comforteþ þe membres boþ in hote causes and in cold; ffor after auctours, Oile roset coldeþ ane hote membre and heteþ a cold membre. And it doþ many oþer profiteȝ in þe body, And þerfor a gode lech puruey hym þat he want neuer oile rosette, syþe þer procedeþ so many helpyngȝ of it to manneȝ body. ffor why; after galien, to euery akyng hote oile rosette is mitigatyue, as it is seid afore.
33. [O]ile of camamille is þus made: Recipe camamille grene and fresch, and brisse it somwhat in a morter. After boile it with a softe fire in comon oile als mych as sufficeþ. And putte a litel watre in þe oile þat þe herbe in seþing be noȝt brent; and boile it vnto þe herbeȝ go doune to þe grounde and bigynne to be blak. Which y-done, take flours of camamille, if þou may haue þam, and putte þam in ane erþen potte; And ȝette þe forseid oile coled, als hote as it may, aboue þe floureȝ, and alsone couer þe mouþe of þe potte with parchemyne and sette it in a saue place. fforsoþe if þou may [not?] haue flours of camamille in tyme of þi confeccion, þan in-stede of floureȝ tak M.i of þe tendre brauncheȝ of camamille and putte þam with-out any brissyng in a potte, and putte oile riȝt hote vpon þam, as it is seid afore. [leaf 172] And afterward when þou may haue flours of camamille, take þe forseid oile with þe brauncheȝ of camamille and boile þam eftsoneȝ vpon þe fire; and as it is seid afore, putte to a litel watre or elleȝ a litel vinegre, þat is better, þat þe oile may be more penetratyue, and boile it vnto þe wastyng of þe watre or of þe vinegre; and þat is knowen by boiling of þe oile made with noyse; þan cole it, and ȝette it riȝt hote vpon þe floureȝ as it was seid. Oile of camamille is temperate, and it is a blissyd þing of many helpyngs, and it is a conuenient resolutyue, and of akyng sedatyue, and it is prohibytyue of curseȝ of humours for a litel stiptikneȝ in it. It comforteþ synoweȝ and al synuy membryeȝ; It helpeþ to þe akyng of þe heued, And generaly it availeþ to al akyng, and it is conuenient to al complexions, and it is riȝt subtile. And als mych as it dissolueþ so mych consumeþ it.
34. [O]ile of masticus is made þus: Recipe Masticus ounce 1, thuris albi alexandrie ounce 1/2; be þai poudred & decocte in 1 lb. of oile of rose or of almandeȝ or of noteȝ; and when it is cocte ynoȝ, cole it and kepe it to vse. Þis oile helpeþ to euery akyng, of þe stomak, of þe iunctureȝ, of þe schuldreȝ, anoynted agayneȝ þe fire, and to akyngȝ of þe lyuer and of þe splene, putte to hote with lana succida. It comforteþ vertu assimilatyue in a membre febled; wherfor it helpeþ to men in þe ethic, in þe ptisik, and disposed to þe lepre and to þe morfee, and to old men and consumed. And anoynted it moisteþ þe skynne, and reuokeþ and restoreþ þe flesch consumed, and conforteþ þe stomak and makeþ it to diffy in cold cause; it represseþ þe abhominaciones of þe stomak, it giffeþ appetite, it scharpeþ þe mynde, It consumeþ al cold passions, It availeþ to hole men and to seke in al necessiteȝ. When þou wilt make þis oile agaynȝ þe vices of þe stomak, þan may þou make it with oile in which ar soþen som þings pertenyng to confortyng of þe stomak, as wormode, Mynt, Macis, galinga, & sich oþer, And so schal it better spede.
35. [O]ile of almandeȝ is made þus: Recipe amigdal. dulcis, old & noȝt new, lb. 1/2, and tak of þe skynneȝ with hate watre; afterward brisse þam lang & wele without medlyng of any oþer þing; which y-brissed, be þai putte in a new strong bagge of lynne cloþe, and hyng þat bag ouer þe caldron or ouer a potte ful of boilyng water, so þat þe bagge touch noȝt þe watre bot þat only it receyue þe fume of þe boilyng watre. Afterward presse þe bag strongly and receyfe þe oile þat comeþ out [leaf 172, back] and kepe it to þine vse. Bot witte þou þat þis oile may noȝt long endure. It availeþ mych agayne brynnyng of vryne within in þe ȝerd, If it be cast in wyþ a syryng, And agayns oþer brennyngȝ also.
36. [W]atre of almandeȝ is made þus: Recipe almandes dulces clensed of þair skynneȝ and dryed, and brisse þam in a morter without medlyng of any oþer liquour; And after distille þam as þou distilleþ rose watre. Þis availeþ agaynȝ brennyng of þe
sonne in þe face, And also agaynȝ brynnyng in a manneȝ ȝerd, put in by a siryng.
37. [O]ile of Iunipre is made þus: Recipe a new erþen potte, and putte it into þe erþe euen to þe mouþe; þan tak anoþer erþen potte whos bothme may be receyfed within þe mouþe of þe potte þat standeþ in þe erþe; And putte ane holowe canel of yren þurȝ þe bothme of þe ouer potte into þe neþer potte þat standeþ within þe erþe; þan tak dry stikkeȝ of Iuniperi and kutte þam smal and putte þam into þe ouer potte, and þan lute þe mouþeȝ of boþe pottes with clay medled with horsdong. And make a fire al aboute þe ouermore potte, And þan scha[l] oile distille þurȝ þe canel into þe lawer potte, þe which kepe for þin vse, for it is ful noble for akyng. It is gode for al maner goute and for þe parallesy.
38. [A]lso ane enoyntment made of it to wondeȝ þat vnneþ bene curable and long tyme haue bene in þe boneȝ: Recipe fruyte of Iuniperi & fresch lard of a male swyne and brisse þam togidre; Afterward take 3 partes of riȝt strong white wyne and seþe þe forseid þingȝ in it, and when it is þikke sette doune fro þe fire. And putte þerof to þe forseid soreȝ & wondeȝ. It purgeþ, it filleþ, it heleþ & it cicatrizeþ.
39. [A] gode emplastre for þe goute: Recipe blak sope als mich as sufficeþ, to which putte als mych of raw ȝolkeȝ of eyren as is half of þe sope, and medle þam strongly in a dish or in a box vnto þat þe sope lefe his owne colour; þe which y-done, putte it with þi fynger or with a spature vpon subtile stupeȝ of lyne and applie it faste vnto þe akyng place. Aboue þis emplastre, forsoþe, putte a strictorie of white of eiren and mele of whete and lynnen clouteȝ y-dipped þerin, and putte it fast & applie it aboue þe forseid emplaster þat it be noȝt remoued byfore dew tyme, bot if any competent cause aske it. Þis medycyne is liȝt [leaf 173] but noȝt litel effectual, þat haue I proued ofttymeȝ, als wele in wymen as in men; þat with oneȝ puttyng to it ceseþ ful grete akyngȝ als wele in þe kneeȝ as in þe fete and in oþer ioyntureȝ; bot be-war þat it be noȝt perceyued of þe pacient ne of none oþer; hold it pryuè and chere, and schew it noȝt bot to þi son or ane
als wele biluffed. I trow, forsoþ, þat it availeþ bifor al oþer medicyneȝ to þe goute, and more sone abateþ þe akyng. And it ow 5 daieȝ or 6 to lye stille without remeuyng if it may so bene applied.
40. [W]alwort"ebulus" is ane herbe like vnto el[d]re in lefeȝ and fruyte. In odour it is sumwhat greuous and stynkyng. In tast it is as war bitter, bot in vertu anence old men it is deemed expert and effectuale, and kynde & free to medicyne in many vseȝ; witnesse plinius, diascorideȝ, macrobuȝ and many oþer, whos roteȝ, ryndeȝ, and brancheȝ and leueȝ and floureȝ bene profitable in medicyneȝ. It haþe vertu of dissoluyng, consumyng of gret flemme and viscose with þe iuyse of it. It availeþ agaynȝ þe gutte of þe ioyntureȝ and contraccion of synueȝ of þe heude & of þe fete. It availeþ also agaynȝ bolnyngȝ and collections intercutanieȝ wher-so-euer þai bene gedred in þe body. Also it availeþ most agaynȝ brissyngs of membreȝ and falleȝ, if þe membreȝ be fomented in his decoctions. ffor why; it mitigateþ þe akyng, it ceseþ þe bolnyng, it ministreþ vertue and strength to synoweȝ and to ioyntureȝ. It availeþ agayneȝ bolnyng of þe womb of cold y-dropisy, if his Iuyse be dronken with hony and comyne. And witte þou þat þe Iuyse of walwort, or þe poudre of it if it be hadde redy, is namely in euery medicyne þat is restrictyue of blode. Þe maner of makyng and kepyng of it is as þe maner of licium seid afore.
94/35. Curseȝ of humours is the flowing of a discharge, just as we still speak of menstruation in a woman as "the courses."
95/14. Abhominaciones of the stomach. This is a good example of the early spelling of abomination, due, says The New English Dictionary, "To an assumed derivation from ab homine, away from man, inhuman, beastly." It really comes from ab and omen. The word is genuinely expressive of the conditions in gastric catarrh.
97/5. Walwort is the dwarf-elder, Sambucus ebulus.
97/9. Plinius is Pliny the Younger whose "Natural History" is still good reading whether in the original or in Philemon Holland's translation.
Dioscorides is Dioscorides Pedacius who lived in the time of Nero and Vespasian, and was celebrated as the great classical botanist and pharmacologist. His great work, "περὶ ὓληζ ἰατριχῆζ ," appeared in five books.
Macrobius is quoted also by Guy de Chauliac (Ed. Nicaise, p. 12), and by Gilbertus Anglicus. Macrobius died 415 A.D. He wrote "Saturnalia," containing miscellaneous remarks on physics, antiquities, literary criticism, etc.