The Brut, or The chronicles of England. Edited from Ms. Raw. B171, Bodleian Library, &c., by Friedrich W. D. Brie, with introduction, notes, and glossary ...

[B]

[FROM THE BATTLE OF HALIDON HILL (A.D. 1333) TO THE DEATH OF EDWARD III (A.D. 1377).]

[MS. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, No. 174, leaf 172, back.]

¶ Ande so, after þis gracious victorye, þe King turnyd him aȝen vnto þe same seege of Berwyk. & whan þey of þe sege, sawen & herd hov þat þe King Edward had sped, þey ȝolden to him þe toun, with þe castell, on þe morwe after þat þe bataile was, þat ys forto seyn, on Seint Margaretes day. And þan þe King ordeyned Sere Edwarde Bayllol, with oþere noble & worþy men, to be [Cambridge, No. 174 173a] kepers and gouernours of Scotlonde in his absence; & hym self turned aȝen, and come into Englond after þis victory, with myche ioye & worship.

¶ And in þe next ȝere sewyng, þat ys forto seyn, þe ȝere of our Lord M^l. CCC. & xxxij, & of King Edward, þe vj., he wente aȝen into Scotland in þe wynter tyme; at whiche viage þe castell of Kylbrigge in Scotland, for hym & his men þat with hym comen, he recouered, & had aȝens the Scottis, al þat his owne luste. ¶ And in þat same ȝere, Sere Edward Baillol, king of Scotlande, held his parlement in Scotland, with meny noble lordes of Engelond, þat were at þat same parlement, for enchesoun of hire landes and lordshipes þat þey had in þe reume of Scotland, and helden of þe same Baillol. & in þe vij. ȝere of his regne, aboute þe feste of sent Iohn Baptiste, Sire Edward Baillol, þe verry and trewe King of Scotland, as by heritage & riȝte lyne, made his homage and feaute vnto King Edward of Englond for þe reaume of Scotland, at þe Nev Castell vp Tynt, in precense of meny worþi lordeȝ, and also of communes of boþe reaumes, & anon after in þe same ȝere of King Edward of Engelond resceyued of þe duke of Britaigne his homage for þe erldome & lordship of Richemound. ¶ And so folwyng in þe neyne ȝere of his regne, after Micelmasse, King Edwarde rode into Scotlond, and þer was faste by sent Johnnes toun almoste al þe wynter tyme; & he helde his cristiscemasse at

þe Castel of Rokysburgh. & in þe same ȝere þoruȝt-out al Engelond, aboute sent Clemcys tyde, in wynter þere arose a suche a sprynggynge and wellinge op of wateres [Cambridge, No. 174 173b] and floodes, bothe of þe see and also of fresshe ryvers & spryngeȝ, þat þe see brynke wallaes & coostes broken vp. Men, bestes, and houses in meny places, & namely in lowe cuntres, violently and sodenly were dreynt and dryven awey; and þe fruyte of þe erþe, þoruȝ continuance and abundaunce of þe see watres, euermore after were turned into more saltnes & sournes of sauour.

¶ The x. ȝere of King Edwarde, he entred þe Scottysshe see after Missomere; & to meny of þe Scottes he ȝaf batayll, and ouercome him, and meny he treted & bowede vnto his pees, þouruȝ his doughtynes. & after Michelmasse þan next folwynge, was þe Erl of Moryf ytake att Eþinburgh, & brouȝt into Engelond, & put into prisoun. ¶ And in þe moneþes of Iuyn and Iuull þan next folwyng, in the xj. ȝere of his regne, was seyn and aperede in þe firmament, a bemyd sterre, þe whiche clercus calleþ 'stella comata'; and þat sterre was seyn in diuerce parteis of the firmament; wherafter anon þer folwyd in Engelond good chepe, and wonder grete plente of chaffaree, vitaile and marchaundice, and þere aȝens, honger, scrafte, mischif, and nede of money, in-somuche þat a quarter of whete att London was suolde for .ijs., and a good fatte oxe at a noble, and v. good dowe briddes for a jd. In whiche ȝere, on Holy Roed ȝeue, deide Sere Iohn of Elham, Erl of Cornewaile, King Edwardus broþer, and lithe at Westmynstre.

Hov King Edwarde made a Duchye of þe Erldom of Cor[n]waile; & also of vj. oþere erles þat were newe made; & of þe ferste Chalangyng of þe reaume of Fraunce. Cap^o CC^mo. xxv^to.

[Cambridge, No. 174 174a] In þe ȝere of our Lord a M^l. CCC. xxxvii., and of King Edwarde xij., in þe moneþe of March, durynge þe parlement at Westminstre in lente tyme, King Edwarde made of the erldome of Cornevayle a duchye, þe whiche duche he ȝaf to Edwarde his ferste sone wiþ þe erldome of Chestre. also King Edward made at þat tyme vj. oþere erles, þat ys forto sey, Sere Henry, þe Erl of

Lancastres sone, Erl of Leycestre; William of Bowham, Erl of Northampton; William of Mountgen, Erl of Salesbery; Hughe of Awdelee, Erl of Gloucestre; Robert of Vfforde, Erl of Suthfolk; and William of Clyntton, Erl of Huntyngdone. In that same ȝere, hit was ordeynede in þat same parlement, þat noman shulde were no cloþe þat was woruȝt oute of Engelond, as cloþe of gold, of silk, damaske, vellewet, saton, baudekyn, ne non suche oþere; ne non wyldware in Furrenre of beȝonde see, but suche as myȝte Spende an C. li. of rente [ȝ]erliche: but þis ordeynaunce and statute was of litel effecte, for hit was noþing holde.

¶ In þe xiij. ȝere of hys regne, King Edward wente ouere see into Braban, wiþ Quene Phelip his wif þere beryng childe, and att Andwerp, þere he duellid more þen a ȝere, to trete wiþ þe Duke of Braban and oþere allyed vnto him of þe calynggyn of þe reaume of Fraunce to King Edward, be riȝte and by herytage, after þe deþ of Carol þe grete, King of Fraunce, broþer Germayne of quene Isabelle, King Edwardus Moder, þe whiche was holden and ocupied vnrightfully by Philip of Valeys, þe Emessone of King Carol: ¶ þe whiche duke, and al his, in þe forseyd þinges [Cambridge, No. 174 174b] and in al oþere þerto longyng, wiþ al his men and goodes, King Edward founde redy vnto him, and maden and behyȝten suerte, by good fayghte and truste; and after þat, þe king hasted him into Engelond aȝen, and left þere þe quene stille behynde hym in Braban.

¶ Þan in þe xiiij. ȝere of his regne, whenne al þe lordeȝ of his reaume, and oþer þat ownen to be at his parlement, weren clepte and assembled togedre in þe same parlement, holden at London after þe feste of sent Hillary, þe Kingeȝ nedes were putt forþe and promoted as toching þe kingdome of Fraunce; for whiche nedeȝ to be spede, þe King askeþ þe vif part of alle þe meble goodeȝ of Engelond, and þe wolles, and þe ix. þe schef of euery corn; and þe lordeȝ of eny toun wher suche þinges schulde be taxid and gaderd, shulde ansuere to þe King þerof; and al he had and helde at his owene liste and wil. wherfor, yf y shal knowliche þe verrey treuþe, þe ynnere loue of þe peple was turned into hate, & þe

commune prayrs into cursinge, for cause þat the commune peple were strongliche ygreued. ¶ also þe forsaide Philip of Valeys of Fraunce, had gadered to him a grete oste, and destroyede þere in his parteys and kingdome, meny of þe Kingeȝ frendeȝ of Engelonde, with tounes & castellis, and meny oþere of hire lordshippeȝ; and meny harmes, schames, and despiteȝ, dede vnto þe Quene. wherfore þe King, whan he ha[r]d of þis tydinge, he was stron[g]lyche meued, and þerwith an-anger[d], and sente diuerse letters ouere see to þe Quene, and to oþere þat were his frendeȝ, gladyng him, and certyfienge þat he wolde be þer [Cambridge, No. 174 175a] him-self in al þe haste þat he myȝt. ¶ And anon, after Ester, when he had sped of al þing þat hym neded, & come fore, he wente ouere see aȝen; of whos comyng, þe quene & al his frendis were wonder glad, & maden myche ioye; and al þat were his enemys, and aȝens hym helden, madyn as muchel sorwe. ¶ In þe same tyme þe King, þoruȝ councel of his treue leiges, & councell of his lordes þat þere weren present wiþ him, toke þe King of Fraunces name, and toke & melled þe Kingeȝ armes of Fraunce qwarterly with þe armes of Engelond, & commaunnded forþwiþ his coigne of gold, vnder descripcioun of the name of Engelond and of Fraunce, to be made, þe beste þat myȝte be, þat ys for to seyn, þe floreyn þat was clept þe 'noble,' of value of vj s. & viij d., and þe 'half-noble' of iij. s. iij. d., & þe 'ferþing' of value of xx. d.

Hov King Edward come to þe Sclus, and descomfited alle þe poer of Fraunce in þe same havene. Capitulo CCmo xxvj^to.

And in þe next ȝere after, þat ys forto seyn, þe xv. ȝere of his regne, he comaunded, & lete write in his charters, writtes, & oþere letters, þe date of his regne of Fraunce ferst, & while þat he was þus doyng & trauaillyng in Fraunce, þoruȝ his councel he wrote to al prelatis, dukes, Erles, barouns, & noble lordeȝ of his cuntre, and also to diuers of þe commune peple, diuers lettres and maundementis, beryng date at Gandanum þe .viij. day Feuerer. ¶ And anon aftir, wiþ-yn litel tyme, he come aȝen into Engelond, wiþ þe

quene and hire chidrin. And in þe same ȝere, on Missomer even, he bigan to sayle towarde Fraunce aȝen, & manly & stifly ful vpon Philip of Valeys, the whiche long tyme lay, and had gaderid to him a ful [Cambridge, No. 174 175b] huge and boystous navee of diuers nacions, in þe hauene of Sclus. And þere þey fouȝten togedir þe Kinge of Fraunce, and he wiþ her ostes from midday vnto þe morwe. ¶ In wiche batail were slayn xxx m^l men of þe kingeȝ cumpanye of Fraunce, and meny shippes & Coggeȝ were take; and so, þoruȝ Godeȝ helpe, he had þere þe victorye, and bere þens a glorious chiuache. And in þe same ȝere, aboute sent Iames tyde, wiþout þe ȝates of sent Omers, Robert of Artoys, wiþ men of Engelond and of Flaundres, bitterly fauȝt aȝens þe duke of Burgoyne & þe Frensshe men; at wiche bataile þer were slayn & take of þe Frensshe men, xv. barouns, .iiij^xx. knyȝtis; & shippeȝ & barges were take, vnto þe noumbre of .CC. & xxx. ¶ The same ȝere, þe King makyng & abydyng oppon þe see of Tourney, þe Erl of Henaude, wiþ englisshe archers, made asawte to þe toun of Seyntanmund, wher þat he slow L. kniȝtis & meny oþere, and destroyed also þe toun.

And in þe .xvj. ȝere of his regne folwynge, in þe wynter tyme, þe king, duelling still oppon þe forsaid sege, sent oft into Engelond to his tresorer & oþer purveyours for gold & meny, þat shulde be sent to hym þer in his nede; but his procuratours & messagers cursidly & ful slowly serued him at his nede, & him deceyved. ¶ On wos faute & laches þe King toke trews bytwene hym & þe King of Fraunce. & þe King, ful of sorow woo & shame in his hert, wiþdrowe him from þe see, and come into Brytaigne; & þer was so grete strif [Cambridge, No. 174 176a] for vitailles, þat he lost meny of his peple. & whan he had do þere þat he come for, he dressid hym ouer see into Engelond warde. ¶ And as he sayled toward Engelond, in þe hye see, þe moste mishappes, stormes & tempeste, thundres & lightnyngeȝ, fil to hym in þe see, þe whiche was seyd þat it was done & areysed þoruȝ evel spirites made by sorcery and Nigromancye of hem of Fraunce. Wherfore þe Kingeȝ hert was ful of sorwe & angwysshe, weyling & sighyng, & said vnto oure lady on þis wyse. ¶ "O blessid lady, sent Marye! what is þe cause þat

euermore, goyng into Fraunce, al þingeȝ & wederes fallyn to me ioyful & likyng & gladsome, & as y wolde haue hym; but alwey turnyng into Engelond ward, al þinges fallen vnprofitable & harmfull?" ¶ Neuer þe latter, he, scapyng alle þe perilles of þe see, as God wolde, come by nyght to þe tour of London. & þe same ȝere þe King held him Cristemas att Menres, and sent word to þe Scottes by his messagers, þat he was redy, and wolde fiȝte wiþ him; but þe Scottis wolde not abyde þat, bot fled ouere þe Scottish see, & hid hem as wel as þey myȝte.

¶ And in þe xvij. ȝere of his regne, aboute þe feste of Conuersioun of seint Paule, King Edward, wan he had be in Scotland, & þe Scottis were fledde, he come aȝen into Engelond, & a litel afore Lente was þe turnement at Dunstable, to þe wiche turnement comen al þe ȝong bachelrye & chyualrye of Engelond, with meny erles & oþer lordes; at þe wiche turnement þe King himself was þere present. ¶ And þe nexte ȝere folwyng, [Cambridge, No. 174 176b] in þe xviij. ȝere of his regne, at his parlement holden at Westminster in þe xv. of Pasche, Kyng Edwarde þe þrid made Edward, his ferst bygeten sone, Prince of Walys. ¶ And in þe xix ȝere of his regne, anon after in Janyuer, before Lente, þe same King Edward lete make ful noble Iusticeȝ, and grete festis, in þe place of his berþe, at Wyndessore, þat þere weren neuere non suche seyn þere afore. at whiche festis and rialte were ij. Kingeȝ, .ij. queneȝ, þe Prince of Walys, þe Duk of Cornewaile, x erlis; .ix. Cuntesse, barouns, & many burgeys, þe wiche myȝt nouȝt liȝtly be noumbred; & of diuers landeȝ be-ȝonde þe see, were many strangers. and at þe same tyme when þe Iustes were don, King Edward made a grete soper, in þe wiche he ordeyned feest, and bygan þe Rounde Table, & ordeyned & stefastyd þe day of þe forsaide Rounde Table to be holde þer at Wyndissore in Whitesen-wike euermore after erly.

¶ In þis tyme, Englisshe men so muche hauntted and cleuyd to þe wodnes and foley of þe strangers, þat fro þe tyme of þe comyng of þe Henauderns, xviij. ȝere passid, þey ordeyned and chaungyd ham euery ȝere diuers schappis of disgyngeȝ of cloþing, of long large and wyde cloþis, destitu and desert fram al old honeste

and good vsage; & anoþer tyme schorte cloþis & stret-wasted, dagged & ket, & on euery side desslatered & boned, wiþ sleues & tapets of sircotys, & holdeȝ ouere longe & large, & ouermuche hangynde, þat if y soþ schal say, þey were more liche to turmentours & deuels in hire cloþing & schewyng & oþer arraye þen comen. ¶ And þe wemmen more myseli ȝet pasted [Cambridge, No. 174 177a] þe men in array, and cureslicher; for þey were so strete cloþed þat þey lete hange fox tailes sawyd beneþe with-inforþ hire cloþis forto hele and heyde hire ars; þe whiche disgysengeȝ & pride perauenture afterward brouȝte forþe & encausid many mys-happis & mischeuys in þe reaume of Engelond.

¶ The xx ȝere of King Edward he went ouere into Brytaigne & Gascoigne; in wos companye wente þe Erl of Warwyk, þe Erl of Suthfok, þe Erl of Honntyngdone & þe Erl of Arundel, and meny oþer lordes, & commune peple in a gret multitude, with a grete navey of ij. C. & xl. shippis, anon after mydsomer, forto avenge him of meny wrongeȝ & harmes to hym done be Philip of Valeys, King of Fraunce, aȝens þe treues byfore-hand grauntyd, þe whiche trewes he fasly & ownetreuly, by cawelaciones, loste and disqwatt.

Hov King Edward sayled into Normandye, & arryued at Hogges wiþ a gret oste; & of þe batayle of Sclus, and of þe bygynnyg of þe seege of Calys, & also of þe batayll of Duresme. Capo. CCmo xxvij^mo.

IN þe xxj. ȝere of his regne, King Edward, þoruȝ councel of al þe grete lordeȝ of þis reaume, clepid & gadered togedre in his parlement at Westminster before Estern, ordeyned him forto passe ouer þe se aȝen, for to discesce and destrouble þe rebellis of Fraunce. and when his navey was come togedre & made redy, he went with an huge oste, þe xij. day of Juyll, & sayled into Normandye, & arryued at Hoggeȝ. & whan he had restid him þere vj. daies, for bycause of trauelyng of the see, & forto haue out al his men wiþ al hire nessessaryes, out of hire shippes, he wente toward Cadomon, brengyng, wastyng, & destroyenge al þe tounes [Cambridge, No. 174 177b] as he went by þe way. ¶ And þe xxvj day

of Juyll, at þe brigge of Cadomy, manly & orpudly ystrengþed and defended wiþ Normannes, he had þere a stronge batayll, & a longe-duryng, þoruȝ which grete multitud of people was slayn. ¶ And þere were take prisoners, þe Erl of Ewe, þe Lord of Tankerwyle, & an C. oþer kingeȝ and men of armes, & vj C. foote men ynombred; and þe toun & þe subbarbus vnto þe bare wallys of al þing þat myȝte be bore & caryed out, was robbid and despoyled. ¶ aftirward þe King, passing forþe by þe cuntre aboute þe brede of xx. mile, he wastyd alle manere þing þat he founde. Whan Philip of Valeys perseuyd al þis, al-þouȝ he were faste by with a stronge oste, he wolde nouȝt come no ner, but brek al þe briggys beȝonde þe water of Seyn, fro Roon vnto Paris, & him self fledde vnto þe same Citee of Paris wiþ al þe haste þat he myȝte. ¶ fforsothe, þe noble King Edward, when he come to Paris brigge, and founde hit broken, wiþinne ij. dayes he lete make hit aȝen; & in þe morwe after þe assumpicioun of oure Lady, King Edward passed ouere þe water of Seyen, goyng toward Cryesce, & distroyed by þe way tounes wiþ þe peple duelling þerinne. & in þe feste of sent Bartolomev, he passid ouere þe water of Comme owne hurte wiþ al his oste þer as neuer afore honde was eny manere wey in passage werto a Ml men were slayn of hem þat letted hire passage ouer.

[The Battle of Crecy.]

¶ Þerfore, þe xxvj. day of auguste, King Edward in a felde faste by Creyscy, hauyng iij. bataillis of englisshe men, counttryd and mette wiþ Philip of Valeys, hauyng [Cambridge, No. 174 178a] wiþ him iiij. batailles, of þe wiche þe leste passid gretely þe nombre of þe Englisshe peple. & whan þes ij. ostes metten togedir, þer fil oppon him þe King of Beme, þe Duke of Loroyne and erles also of Flaundres, Dalasoun, Bloys, Harecourt, Aumerle, and Nyvers, & meny oþer erlis, barouns, lordes, Kingeȝ, & men of armes, þe noumbre of a Ml V. C. xlij., wiþout foet men & oþer men in armevre, þat were noþing rekened. ¶ And for al þis, þe same vnglorious Philip wiþdrowe him, wiþe þe residue of al his peple; wherfore it was seyd in commune among

his owne peple 'Nostre beall Retret,' that is for to sey, 'Our faire wiþdraweþ hym.' þan Kyng Edward & our Englyssh men, þankyng God for suche a victorye, after hire grete labour, takyng to hem al þyng nedeful for her sustenaunce & sauyng of hire lyf ferdred of hire enemys, rested hem þere. ¶ And ful erly in þe morwe, after þe Frensshe men wiþ an houge passyng oste come aȝen for to ȝeue batayll & fiȝte wiþ þe Englisshe men, wiþ whom metten & countreden þe Erles of Warwyk, Norhampton & Norfolk, wiþ hire companye & slowen ij. Ml, & token meny prisoners of þe gentils of ham; and þe remenaunt of þe same oste fled iij. mile þens.

[The Siege of Calais, and the Invasion of England by the Scots.]

¶ And þe third day after the bataill, þe kyng wente to Caleys warde, destroyng al þe cuntre as he rode; whider, whan þat he was comen, þat is forto seyn, þe .iij. day of Septembre, he bygan to besege þe toun wiþ þe castell, and continued his sege fro þe forseyd iij. day of Septembre vnto þe iij. day of Auguste þe next ȝere after. & in [Cambridge, No. 174 178b] þe same ȝere, duryng þe sege of Caleys, þe King of Scotland, with a ful grete multitude of Scottis, come into Engelond, to Nevyles crosse, about seint Lukes day þe euaungglist, hopyng & trustyng to haue found al the land destitut & voyde of peple, forasmuche as þe Kyng of Engelond was beȝend þe see, saue only prestes & men of holy chirche, & women & childrin, & ploghmen, & such oþer laborers. ¶ And þer þey robbeden, & deden mych prive sorow; but ȝet fond þey ynowe þat ham wiþstode, by þe grace of God. And so a day of batayll was assigned bytwene hem; & certeyne lordes & men of holy cherche þat were in þat cuntre, wiþ oþere comune peple, fast by þe Citee of Duresme; at whiche day, þourȝ þe grace and þe helpe of God þe Scottis were ouercomen, & ȝet were þey threfold so meny of hem as of Englisshe men; and þere was slayn al þe chiualrye and knyȝthood of þe reaume of Scotland. ¶ And þer were take, as þey wolden haue fleed, Dauid, King of Scotlond, þe Erl of Mentyf, sere William Douglas, & many oþer grete men. & after þat, oure Englisshe men, when þey had restyd ham a fewe dayes, & had ordeyned kepers of þe Northcuntre, þey comen to London,

and brouȝt with ham þe King of Scotlond, & þes oþere lordeȝ þat were taken prisoners, vnto þe tour of London, wiþ al þe haste þat þey myȝte; & þer þey lefte ham in saue kepyng, vnto þe Kingeȝ comynge, and went home aȝen into hire owne cuntre. & afterward was þe Kingeȝ raunsome of Scotlond taxid vnto an C. M^l mark of seluere, to be payed in x ȝer, þat ys forto sayne, euery ȝere x þousand mark.

Of the conqueste and [Cambridge, No. 174 179a] wynnge of Caleys, and of grete pestelence & raynes þat fillen sone aftir; and of þe tresoun ordeyned aȝens Caleys. Capitulo CCmo. xxviij^o.

IN þe xxij ȝere of King Edwardys regne, he wente ouere in þe wynter time, & lay al þe wynter in þe seege of Caleys. Þe whiche year, while þe sege lasted, Philip of Valeys, Kyng of Fraunce, cast & purposed, trecherously & wiþ fraude, to put awey þe sege, & come þe xxvij day of Iuyll in þe same ȝere wiþ a grete oste & a strong poer, & neigrhed vnto þe sege of Caleys. ¶ þe wiche Philip, þe last day of Iuyll, sent to King Edward word þat he wold ȝeue him playn bataill þe .iij. day next after þat, about euesong tyme, if þat he durst come fro þe sege & abyde hit. And whan Kynge Edward herd þat, wiþout eny long taryng or grete avisement, he accepted gladly þe day & hour of bataill þt Philip had assigned. And whan the Kyng of Fraunce herd þat, wiþout eny long taryng or rete auysement, þe next nyght after he set hys tentys afyre, and vanysshed & went awey þens cowardly. ¶ Than þey þat were in þe toun and in þe castell byseged, seyng al þis, how þat þei hade non oþer helpe ne socour of þe Kinge of Fraunce ne of his men, & also þat her vitailles wiþin hym were spended and wasted, & for defaute of vitailles & of refresshyng þey eten hors, houndes, cattes & mys, for to kepe her trouþe as long as þey myȝte. ¶ And whan they sawe, & was found amongeȝ hem at þe last þat þey had no þing amonge hem forto ete ne lyve by, ne no socour ne rescuyng of þe Frensshemen; on þe toþer syde

þey weste wel þat [Cambridge, No. 174 179b] þey must deie for defaute, eyþer ȝelde vp þe toun; and anon wenten & tokin done þe banerys & þe armes of Fraunce on euery side þat were hanged out, & wenten on þe walles of þe toun, and in oþer diuers placys, as naked as þey were bore, saf hire chirtys and brechys, & heldyn hire swerdus naked, & þe poynt downward, in hire handeȝ, & puttyn ropys & halterys abowte hire neckys, and ȝolden vp þe keyes of þe toun and of þe Castell to Kyng Edward, wiþ grete fere and drede of hert. ¶ And when the King sav þis, as a mercyable king and lord, resceyued hym al to his grace; & a feue of þe grettste persones of stat and of gouernaunce of þe toun he sent into Engelond, þer for to abyde hire raunsome & þe kinges grace; & al þe communialte of þe toun þe king lete go wher þey wolde in pees, & wiþoute ony harme, & lete ham bere with ham al hire þingeȝ þat þey myȝte bere & cary away, keping þe toun and the castell to hymself. ¶ Þan, þoruȝ mediacioun of cardenalles þat were sent fro þe pope, trewes was take þer bituene Fraunce & Engelond for ix moneþes þan next folwyng; & aboute mychelmasse King Edwarde come aȝen vnto Engelond wiþ a glorious victorye.

[The Plague of 1348.]

¶ And in þe xxiij. ȝere of his regne, in þe Este parteys of þe worlde þer aros & bygan a pestilence, & deþ of Sarasineȝ and Payngneins, þat so grete a deþ was neuer herde of afore, and þat wasted awey so þe peple þat vnneþes þe xthe persone was left a-lyue. & in þe same ȝere, aboute þe Sowthcuntreys and also in þe west cuntres, þere fell so much [Cambridge, No. 174 180a] reyne and so grete waters þat, from Cristemasse vnto Midsomer, þer was vnneþes day ne nyght but þat it rayned sumwhat; þoruȝ whiche watres, þe pestilence was sone fectid & so habundant in all cuntres, & namely aboute þe court of Rome & oþer places & sore costes, þat vnneþes þere were left alyve folk to bery ham þat were ded, honestly, but maden grete diches and puttes þat were wonder brood and depe, & þerin beried, & made a renge of þe dede bodyes, & anoþer renge of erþe aboue ham; & þus were þey buried, & non oþer wise, but yf it were þe fewer þat were grete men of state.

¶ And after al þis, in þe xxiiij ȝere of his regne, hit was done King Edward to wite and vnderstonde of a tresoun þat was bygun at Caleys, and ordeyned for to selle þat toun for a grete somme of Florens vnto King Philip of Fraunce, þoruȝ þe falsnes & þe ordinance of a knyȝt þat me called Sir Geffrey of Charney, þat was wonder privey wiþ þe King of Fraunce. ¶ And whan þe King herd þis, he toke wiþ hym þe noblys & þe gentils, & oþere worþy & orped men of armes, þat were þere present wiþ hym for þe solempnite of þat hey feest, & wel & wisely, in al þe haste þat he myȝt, & as priuely as he myȝt, he wente hym ouere see, and þat same tyme þe King held hys Cristemas at Haueryng. ¶ And in þe morwe after Newers day, þe King was in þe Castell of Caleys wiþ his men of armes, þat none of þe aliens wist þerof. And thilk fals conspiratour & traytour, Geffrey of Charney, seth he myȝte not opynly haue his purpos of þe castell, pryuely & stelyngly he comen yn, & held þe toun wiþ a grete oste. [Cambridge, No. 174 180b] And when he wiþ his men were comen yn, he payed þe forsaide somme of florens, as couenaunt was bituene him, to a Geneweys in þe toun þat was keper of þe castell, & consentyng to þe same Gefferey in al þis falsnesse & trecherye, & bonde þe Englisshe mynesters and seruauntȝ þat were in þe castel, þat þey myȝt nouȝt helpe hamself, ne lete ham of hire purpos. & þan, wenyng þat þey had be siker ynov, þey spaken hire wickednesse & falones oppynly & an hey, þat al men myȝt here. ¶ And nov shul ȝe here hov þey were desceyued; for þey comme in by a preuy posterne ouer a litel brigge was drawyn opp of tre; & when þey were come yn sotelly and preuely, þe brigge was dravyn op and kepte, þat non of ham þat were come yn myȝte go out, ne no moo come yn to hym. ¶ And anon our Englisshe men wente oute at priuy holes and wendawes, & ouere þe wallys of þe toun & of þe castel, & wenten & fouȝten manly wiþ þe Frenche men þat were wiþoute, & had the better of ham, þe wiche when þey were ocupied by ham self on hire side. þe King, þat was wiþin þe toun, hauyng wiþ him scharstly but xxx. men of armes, dreve out his swerd, & with a lowed voys cried on hey: "A sent Edward! a sent Gorge!" And when folk herde þat, þey come rennyng to him, and ȝeauen þer to hire enemys so stronge

assaute þat þer were mo þen ij C. men of armes, and meny oþer, slayn, & meny fledden; & so, by þe grace of God, þe victorye fel to þe Englisshe men. ¶ Þan þe King toke with him þis Gefferey, þat was fynder of þis trecherye, and also many oþer Frenshe prisoners, & withyn a while [Cambridge, No. 174 181a] after wente aȝen into Engelond.

[The Plague, or Black Death.]

And in þis same ȝere, and in þe ȝere afore, & also in þe ȝere aftir, was so grete a pestilences of men fro þe Est into þe west, & namely þoruȝ bocches, þat he þat siked þis day, deid on þe iij. day after. ¶ To þe wich men þat so deiden in þis pestilens, þat haddyn but litel respyte of lyggyng, þe pope Clement, of his goodnes & grace, ȝaf ham ful remissioun & foryeuyng of all hire synnes þat þey were schryven of. & þis pestilence lasted in London fro Michelmasse into Auguste next folowyng almoste an hool ȝere. & in þes dayes was deþ wiþoute sorwe, weddyng wiþoute frendship, wilfull penaunce, and derþe wiþout scarste, and fleyng wiþoute refute or socour; ¶ ffor meny fledden fro place to place by-cause of þe pestilens; but þey were enfecte, & myȝt not ascape þe deþe, after þe prophete Isaye seith: "ho þat fleeþ fro þe face of drede, he shal fall into þe diche; & he þat wyndeþ hymself out of þe diche, he shal be holde and teyd wiþ a grenne," but whan þis pestilens was cesid & endid, as God wolde, vnneþes þe x. parte of þe peple was left alyve, and in þe same ȝere bygan a wonder þing þat al þat euere were born after þat pestilens hadden ij. chekteth in her heed lasse þan þey had afore.

How King Edward had a grete bataylle of þe Spaynardes in þe see faste by Wynchel-see, & of meny oþere þingeȝ. Capitulo CC. xxix.

And in þe xxv. ȝere of his regne, about sent Johnnes tyde in heruest, in þe see faste by Wynchelse, King Edward had a grete batayll wiþ men of Spayne, wher þat [Cambridge, No. 174 181b] hire shippes & navee ley cheyned togider, þat eiþere they muste fiȝt or drenche. ¶ And so, whan al our worþi men of armes on þe see coostes fast by Wynchelsee & Romeny were gadred, & ouer navee & shippes al redy to þe werre, þe Englissh men metten manly & stifly with hire enemys,

comyng fersly aȝens ham, & when þe Spaynesshe vessellis & nauey were closid yn al about, þer men myȝte se a stronge bataile vn boþe sides, and long duryng; in þe whiche Batayle þer ner but fewe þat fauȝten but þat þey were sputesly herte, & fowle. and after þe batayle þer were xxiiij shippes of hereȝ ytaken; & so þe Engligsshe men had þe better.

[The new Coinage. The dear Summer. A Drought.]

¶ And in þe next ȝere after folwyng, of his regne xxvj, þe King, þoruȝ his councele, lete ordeyne & make his neve money, þat ys forto sey, þe peny, þe grote of valev of iiij. pens, & þe half-grote þe valev of ijd.; but hit was of lesse wyȝth þan þe old sterlyng was, by v. s. in þe pound. ¶ And in þe xxvij. ȝere of his regne was þe grete derþe of vitailes, þe wiche was clepid þe dere somer. ¶ And in þe xxviij. ȝere of his regne in þe parlement holdyn at Westminster after Ester, Sere Henry, Erl of Lancastre, was made Duk of Lancastre. and in þis same ȝere was so grete a drowthe þat, fro þe moneþ of Marche unto þe moneþ of Iuyll, þer fel no rayne into þe erþe; wherfore al fruttys, sedis and erbis, for þe more part was lost; in defaute wherof þer come so grete desise of men and bestes, & derþe of vetailes in Engelond, so þat þis lande, þat euer byfore was plentues, had nede þat tyme to seche his vytaylis and refreschyng of oþer out yles and cuntres.

[Negotiations about Guienne dropt.]

[Cambridge, No. 174 182a] ¶ And in þe xxix ȝere of King Edward, hit was acorded, graunted and swore, bytwene þe King of Fraunce & þe King of Engelond, þat he shulde haue aȝen al his landeȝ and lordshipps þat longe to þe Duche of Guyne of old tyme, þe wiche had bene with-drawe & wrongfully occuped by diuers Kyngeȝ of Fraunce byforhand, to haue & to hold to Kyng Edward & to his eyrs & successours for euermore, frely, pesible, & in good quyete, vppon þis covenaunt, þat þe Kyng of England shold leue of, & relese all right & clayme þat he had & claymed of þe kingdome of Fraunce, & of þe title þat he toke þerof. Oppon wiche speche & couenauntes, it was sent to þe court of Rome on boþe sydes of þe Kyngeȝ, þat þe forsaid couenaunt shold be enbulled. but God ordeyned betere for þe Knygeȝ worship of Engelond; for, what þoruȝ fraude &

deceyte of þe Frensshmen, & what þoruȝ lettyng of þe pope & of þe court of Rome, þe forsaid couenauntes were to-sqwat & left of.

[Transfer of the Staple of Wool to England.]

¶ And in þe same ȝere þe Kyng reuoked, by his wys & descrete counceyll, þe staple of wolles out of Flaundres into Engelond, wiþ al þe libertees, fraunchises & free customes þat longen þerto, & ordeyned hit in Engelond in diuers places, þat ys forto seyn, at Westminster, Caunterbery, Chichestre, Bristowe, Lincoln, & Hull, wiþ al þe forsaid þyngeȝ þat longen þerto. and þat þis þing sholde be þus done, þe Kyng swore hym self þerto, & prins Edward his sone, wiþ oþer meny grete witnesse þat were þere than present.

[The French attempt on Guienne frustrated.]

And in þe .xxx. ȝere of his regne, anon after Wytsonday, in þe parlement ordeyned at Westminster, hit was told and [Cambridge, No. 174 182b] certyfied to þe King, þat Philip þat held þe kingdome of Fraunce was dede, and þat John his sone was crouned King, & þat þis John had ȝoue Karoll his sone þe Duchie of Guyone. ¶ Of þe wiche þing, King Edward, whan he herd þerof, he had grete indignacioun vnto hym, & was wonder wroþ, & strongly meved: and þer, afor al þe worþy lordes þat þere were assembled at þat parlement, he clept Edward his son to hym, to wiche þe Duchye of Guyene by right heritage shold longe to, and ȝaf hit hym þer, byddyng and strengþing him þat he shulde ordeyne him to defende and avenge him oppon his enemys, & saue & mayntene hys ryȝt. ¶ And afterward, King Edward him self, and his eldiste sone Edward, wenten to diuerce placeȝ and senten in Engelond a pilgrimage, forto haue þe more grace and help of God and of his sentȝ. and þe secunde kalend of Iuyll, when al þing was redy to þat viage and batayleȝ, and al his retennev & power assembled, and hire navey also redy, he toke wiþ him þe Erl of Warwyk, þe Erl of Suthfolk, þe Erl of Salysbery, & þe Erl of Oxenford, and a Ml of men of armes, and as many archerys, in þe Natiuite of our Lady, and at Plymmough token hire shippes, and bygan to sayle. ¶ And when he come and was arryued in Guyene, he was þer worshipfly take and

resceyued of þe moste noble men and lordeȝ of þat cuntre. And anon after, King Edward toke wiþ him his ij. sones, þat ys forto seye, Sir Lyonell, Erl of Vltoun, and Sere Iohn his broþer, Erl of Rychemonde, and Sere Henry, Duke of Lancastre, wiþ meny Erles and lordes and men of armes, and too [Cambridge, No. 174 183a] M^l archers, and sayled into Fraunce, and reste him awhile at Caleys. ¶ and afterward, þe King went wiþ his folk aforsaide, and wiþ oþere sowdiours of beȝende þe see þat þere aboden þe Kinges comynge, þe secunde day of Nouembre, & toke his iorneye toward King Iohn of Fraunce, þere as he trowed to haue y found him faste by þe toun of Odomarum, as his letters and couenauntȝ made mencioun þat he wolde abyde him þere wiþ his oste. ¶ And whan King Ion of Fraunce herde of þe Kyngeȝ comeing of Engelond, he wente awey wiþ his men & his cariage, cowardly & schamfully fleynge, wastyng al vitailȝ ouer al, þat Englisshe men shold nauȝt haue therof. ¶ And when King Edward herde þat he fleed, he pursued him wiþ al his mayne til Hedoun; and þen he, by-holdyng þe wantyng and þe scarsites of vitaileȝ, and also the cowardice of the King of Fraunce, he turned aȝen, wastyng al þe cuntre.

[The Scots attack Berwick.]

¶ And while al þese þingeȝ were a doyng, þe scottes prevyly and by nyȝt token þe toun of Berwyk, sleyng ham þat wiþstode ham, and no man ellis; but,—blessid by god!—þe castel neuer-þe-latter was sauyd and kepte be Englisshe men þat were þerin. þen þe Kinge perceuyng al þis, turned aȝen into Engelond as worþ as he myȝte. ¶ Wherfore in a parlement at Westminster was graunted to þe King of euery sake of wolle .l. s. duryng þe terme of vj. ȝere þat he myȝt þe myȝtlyker fyght and deffende þe reaume aȝens þe Scottis and oþere mys-doers: and so, when al þinges were redy, þe King hastyd hym to þe seege warde.

Hov King Edward was crouned King of Scotland, and hov Prins Edward toke þe King of Fraunce, & of þe bataylle of Peyters. Capitulo CC^mo Tricesimo.

[Cambridge, No. 174 183b] And in þe xxxj. ȝere of his regne, þe xiij day of Ianuere, þe King beyng in þe castel of Beywyk wiþ a fewe men, but havyng þer fastby a gret oost, þe toun was ȝold to him wiþout eny manere fens or difficulte. þan þe King of Scotlond, þat ys forto sey, Sire Iohn Bayllol, considering how þat God dede meny merueylles þingeȝ & gracious for King Edward at his owene will fro day to day; he toke & ȝaf of þe reaume of Scotland, & þe croune of Scotland, att Rokesburgh, in-to þe Kingeȝ handes of Engelond, vnder his patent lettres þer of y made. ¶ And anon after King Edwarde, in presence of al þe prelates & oþer worþi men & lordeȝ þat þere were, lete croune hym King þer-of þe reaume of Scotland. and whan al þingeȝ were done & ordeyned in thilk cuntres at his luste, he turned aȝen into Engelond wiþ a houge worschip.

¶ And while þat þis viage was adoyng in Scotland, Sir Edward, Prins of Walys, as a man enspired of God, was in Guyne, in þe Citee of Burdeux, tretyng & spekyng of þe chalangyng, & of the Kingeȝ right of Engelond, þat he had to þe reaume of Fraunce; and þat he wold avenged be wiþ stronge hond. & all þe prelates, peris, & myȝty men of þe cuntre, consentid wele to hym. ¶ Þan Sere Edward, the Pryns, wiþ a grete oste y gaderid to hym, þe vj. day of Iuyll went fro Burdeux, goyng & trauaylyng by meny diuers cuntres. And he toke meny prisoners, mo þan vj^M men of armes, by the cuntre as he iourneyed, & toke þe toun of Remorantyn in Saloigne, & beseged þe castell vj. dayes. and at þe vj. dayes ende þey ȝolden þe castell vnto hym; and [Cambridge, No. 174 184a] þere were taken þe Lord of Crom, and Sere Bursigand, and meny oþere knyghtes, and men of armes mo þan iiij^xx.

[The Battle of Poictiers.]

And fro þens by Tureyne & Petey, faste by Chaneney, his noble men þat were with him hadden a strong bataill wiþ Frenssh men, and a C. of hire men of armes were slayn. and þe Erle

of Damice & þe stiward of Fraunce weren take, wiþ a C. men of armes. In þe wiche ȝeer, þe xix day of Septembre, fast by Peyters, þe same prins, with a M^l and ix^c men of armes and archers, ordeyned a bataill to Kyng Iohn of Fraunce, comyng to þe prinsward wiþ vij. M^l cosyn men of armes, and oþer miche peple in a houge passyng noumbre; of þe whiche þer was yslayne þe Duke of Burboun and þe Duke of Atheneȝ, & meny oþere noble men. & of þe pris men of armes a M^l, & of oþere (after þe trewe account & rekenyng) viij. C.; and þe King of Fraunce was þer take, and Sere Philip his ȝonger sone, and meny dukes & noble men & worþy knyȝtys, and men of armes aboute .ij. M^l; and so þe victorie fill þere to þe Prins & to þe peple of Engelond, by þe grace of God. ¶ And meny þat were take prisoners were set at her raunsoun, & oppon her trouþe & kynȝthoode were charged, and had leue to go; but þe Prins toke wiþ hym þe King of Fraunce, and Philip his sone, wiþ al þe reuerence þat he myȝte, & wente aȝen to Burdeux with a glorious victorie. ¶ Þe somme of þe men þat were take prisoners, & of þe man þat were slayn, þis day of bataill, was iiij. [M^l]CCCC. xl. And in þe xxxij. ȝere of Kyng Edward, þe .v. day of Maij, Prins Edward, wiþ King Iohn of Fraunce [Cambridge, No. 174 184b] and Philip his sone, and meny worþy prisoners, arryved graciously in þe hauene of Plymmouth; & þe xxiiij. day of þe same moneþ, about iij. after none, þey comen to London by London brigge, & so wente forþe to þe Kyngeȝ paleys of Westmynstre. ¶ and þere fill so grete pres & multitude of peple abute ham, to byholde and se þat wonder and þat real siȝth, that vnneþes fro Midday þey myȝte come to Westmynster. And þe Kingeȝ raunsoun of Fraunce was taxied & set to iij. Milions of Scutes, of whom ij. shuld be paid a noble: & ȝe shul vnderstonde þat a Milioun is a M^l. M^l. And after somme men, his raunsoun was set at iij. M^l floreyns; & al is on in effecte.

And in þis same ȝere was made solempne iustes in Smeþefeld, beyng þer present, þe King of Engelonde, þe King of Fraunce & þe King of Scotlond, & meny worþi noble lordes. ¶ The xxxiij.

ȝere of his regne þe same King Edward at Wyndesore, as wel for loue of knyȝthood as for his owne worship, & at þe reuerence of þe King of Fraunce & oþer lordeȝ þat were þere at þat tyme, he held a wonder rial and costlow feest of sent Gorge, passyng eny þat was hold euere afore. wherfor þe King of Fraunce, in scornyng, sayd þat he saw neuere ne herd such solempne festes ne ryalties holden ne done with taylles, wiþoute paying of gold or siluer.

[The Marriage of Duchess Blanche.]

¶ And in þe xxxiiij. ȝere of his regne, þe xiiij. kalend of Iuyll, Sere Iohn, Erle of Richemund, Kyng Edwardes sone of Engelond, weddid dame Blaunche, duk Herryes douȝter of Lancaster, cosyn to þe same Iohn, by dispensacioun of þe Pope. and in þe mene tyme were [Cambridge, No. 174 185a] ordeyned iustes at London iij. dayes of þe rogacions, þat is forto sey, þe Maiere of London, wiþ his xxiiijti aldermen, aȝens al þat wold come. In whos name and stede þe King priuely wiþ his iiij. sones, Edwarde, Leonell, Iohn & Edmund, & oþere xix. grete lordes, helden þe feld wiþ worshopp.

¶ And þis same ȝere (as it was tolde & seyd of ham þat sawe hit) þere come out blood of þe toumbe of Thomas, sumtyme Erl of Lancaster, as ffresshe as þat day þat he was done to þe deþe. And in þat same ȝere King Edward chose his sepulture & his liggyng at Westminster, faste by þe shryne of Sent Edward.

[Edward III goes again to France.]

And anon after, þe xxvij. day of Octobre, he wente ouere see to Caleys, makyng protestacioun þat he wold neuere come aȝen into Engelond til he had fully endid þe werre bytuene Fraunce and him. ¶ And so, in þe xxxv. yere of his regne, in þe wynter tyme, King Edward was and trauayled in þe Ryne costes; and aboute Seynt Hillere tyde he departed his oste, and went to Burgoynewarde; wiþ whom þan mette pesibely þe Duk of Burgoyne, byhotyng to hym lxx. M^l Floreyns þat he shold spare his men & his peple. And þe King graunted at his request, & dwelled þere vnto þe xvij. day of March, þe wiche day it come to King Edwardes ere þat straunge þennes on þe see vnder þe Erle of Sent Paule, þe xv

day of Marche, liggyng aweyte oppon þe tounes of Hastynge, Rye, and oþer places & villages on þe see coostes, hadden entred as enemyes into þe toun of Wynchelsee, & slowen al þat euere withstode ham and wiþseyd her comyng; wherfore þe King was [Cambridge, No. 174 185b] gretly meved and wraithed. ¶ And he turned aȝen to Parys-ward, commaunded his ost to destroye & slee wiþ deynt & strengthe of swerd hem þat he had byfore hand y sparid. and þe xij day of Aprill þe King come to Parys; & þere he departed his oost in ix diuerse bataylles, with iiijc of knyȝtes newe dubbed, on þe to syde of hem. And Sere Herry, Duk of Lancastre, vnder pees & trewes wente to þe ȝates of þe Citee, profryng to hem þat wold abyde a batayl in þe feld, vnder suche a condicioun, þat yf þe King of Englonde were ouercome (þere as God forbede hit!), þat þen he shold neuere chalange þe kingdome of Fraunce. ¶ and whan he had of hem but a short & an scornfull answere, he told þe King & his lordes what he had herd, & wat þey saide. and þan fortwiþ þe newe knightes, with meny oþere, makyng assaute to þe Citee, destroyeden hougily þe subarbes of þe Citee. And while al þese thinges were adoyng, þe Englissh men made hem aredy to be avengid vpon þe shame & despit þat was done þat ȝeer at Wynchelse, and ordeyneden a nave of iiij^xx shippes of mennes of London & of oþer marchauntes, & xiiij M^l of men of armes & archers, & wenten & destroyeden hem, & scymed þe see, & manly token, & helde þe Ile of Caux; wherfore þe Frenssh men, þat is for to sey, þe abbot of Cluyne, þe Erle of Tankervile & Sere Bursigand, þat than was stiward of Fraunce, wiþ meny of oþer men of þe same cuntre, by commune assent of þe Lord Karoll, þat þo was regent of Fraunce, þey hasted hem, & wenten to þe King of Engelonde, askyng & bysekyng hym stedfast pees, & euerelastyng, vpon certeyne condicions þat þer were wreten schewed. ¶ The whiche, whan þe King and his councell had seen, it plesed ham neuere a dele. [Cambridge, No. 174 186a] But seþ it wolde be non oþere, in tyme of betere acorde & deliberacioun, þe Frenssh men bysily & wiþ grete instaunce askede trewes for her see coostes; & þe King graunted hem. and in þe

morwe after þe ocptas of Pasche, þe King turned hym with his ooste towardes Orlyaunce, destroyng & wastyng al þe cuntre by þe wey. And as þey wenten þiderward, þere fil oppon hym suche a storme & tempest þat non of our nacioun herd ne sawe neuere non such; thurght þe whiche, þousandeȝ of our men & of hers (sic) horses in here (sic) iourneying (as it were þorugh vangeaunce), sodenly were slayn & perisshed, þe which tempestes ful mich ȝet ferid not þe Kyng, ne myche of his peple, þat þey ne wenden forth in her (sic) viage þat þey had begunne.

[Peace made between England and France.]

¶ Wherfore, abute þe feest of Holy-Rode Day in Maii, fast by Carnocum, þe forseid lordes of Fraunce, metyng þer with þe King of En[g]londe, a pesible acorde & a fynal, oppon certeing condiciouns & graunteȝ articulerlich gaderid & wryten togeder, euermore to laste, ful discretly made, & to boþe kyngges profitable, & to her reumes, boþ wiþ on assent of Karoll þe Regent and Gouernour of Fraunce, and of Parys of the same reaume, ywretyn & made vnder þe date, at Carnacum, þe xv day of May, þey offred & profred to þe King of Engelond, requireng his grace in alle thynges ywriten, þat he wold benyngly admitte hem, and hold hem ferme & stable to hem, & to her eires for euermore. þe wiche þingeȝ and articles, whan Kyng Edward had seyn, he graunted hem, so þat boþe parties sholde be yswore on Goddis body and on þe holy euaunglies, þat þe forsaide couenauntȝ shold be stablysshed. & so þey acordeden graciously; þerfore þere were ordeyned & dressid on euery syde too barons, ij. baronettes, ij. knyghtes, to admitte & receyve þe othes of þe Lord Karoll, regent of Fraunce, & of Sir Edward, [Cambridge, No. 174 186b] the first sone and Eyr of King Edward of Engelond; and þe x. day of Maii ther was songen a solempne masse at Parys, and aftir þe iij 'agnus dei' yseid, wiþ 'dona nobis pacem,' in presence of the forseid men, that there yordeynid to admitte and resceyve the oþes, and of all oþer þat þer myght be, the same Karoll leyd his right honde on the patene wiþ Goddis body, & his left hand on þe missale, and sayd: ¶ "We, N and N, sweryn on Goddis body and on þe holy gospelleȝ, þat we schulle trewliche and stedfastly holden toward vs

þe pees and þe acorde made bytuene þe ij kingeȝ, and in no manere to do the contrarie." & þer, amonge al ij his lordes, for more loue & streng[t]he of wytneȝ, he deled & departed þe reliqes of þe croun of Crist to þe knightes of Engelond: and þey curteysly token her leve. And in þe Fryday next, þe same manere othe in presences of þe knightes, & of al oþer worthy men, Prins Edwarde made at Loners. Afterward, boþe Kyngeȝ, and her sones, and þe moste noble men of boþe reaumes, wiþin þe same ȝer maden þe same oþe. & forto strengthe al þes forsaid þingeȝ þe King of Engelond axed þe grettest men of Fraunce; and he had his axyng; þat is forto seye, .vj. dukes, viij. Erleȝ, xij. lordeȝ, that is to seyn, baronys and worthy knightes. And whan þe place and þe tyme was assigned in þe whiche bothe Kynges with her counceyll shold come togedir, al þe forsaid thyngeȝ bytwene hem yspoke, for to ratifie and make ferme & stable.

Þe King of Englond anone wente toward þe see, & at Hounflete he bygan to sayle, levyng to his ostes that were yleft behind him (bycause of his absence) mych hevynes; & after þe xix day of Maii he come into Englond, & went to his paleys at Westminster on Seynt Dunstons day. & þe iij. day after, he visited John, þe King of Fraunce, þat was in þe Tour of London, & deliuered him frely from [Cambridge, No. 174 187a] al manere prisoun, saue ferst they were acorded of iiij. Milions of ffloreyns for his raunsom, and þe King comforted hym & chered him in alle places, wiþ all solaces & merpeȝ that longen to a king, in his goyng homward.

¶ And þe ix day of Iuyll in þe same ȝer þe same Iohn, King of Fraunce, that aforhand lay here in ostage, wente home aȝen into his owne lande, to trete of þo þingeȝ, & of oþere that longeden & fillen to þe gouernance of his reaume. And afterward metten and comen togedir at Caleys bothe ij Kinges, wiþ boþe hire counceyll, about Alhalwen tyde, and þer were shewed the condiciouns and þe poyntes of þe pees, & of þe acorde of boþe sydes ywriten; & ther, withoute eny wiþseying, of boþe sides graciously þey þere acorded. and þer was done and sung a solempne masse, and after þe iij. Agnus Dei, vppon Goddes body & also on þe Massebook, boþe Kyngeȝ, & her sones, & þe grettest lordeȝ of boþe

reaumeȝ, and of hir counceill that þere were þan present, & not had yswore byfor, þe forsaide oþe that they had made, & was titled bytwene hem, þey behighten þere to kepe, & all oþer couenauntes þat were bytuene ham yordeyned. ¶ And in þe same ȝer men, bestes, trees, & housyng, wiþ sodeyn tempest & strong lightnyng were yperisshed; & the deuel appered bodyly in mannis liknes to myche peple as they went in diuerses pleces in the cuntre & spake to hem.

[A Parliament at Westminster. Eclipse of the Sun; Marvels, etc.]

Kyng Edwarde in þe xxxvj ȝere of his regne anon after Cristemasse in þe feest of Conuercion of seint Poul, held his parlement at Westminster, in the which was put forþ and showed þe acorde and the tretys þat was stablysshed and ymade betwene þo ij. kinges; the which acorde [Cambridge, No. 174 187b] plesid to myche peple; and þerfore, by þe Kynges commaundement, þere were gadryd and comyn togider in Westminster cherche, the ferst Soneday of Lente, that is to sey, the ij. Kalend of Feuerell, the forsaid English men and Frensshe men; wher was song a solempne masse of þe Trynyte, of þe Erchbisshop of Caunterbury, Mayster Symond Islepe. And whan Agnus Dei was do, þo King, beyng þere with his sones, and also wiþ þe kynges sones of Fraunce, and oþer noble and grete lordes, with candels ylight, and crosse ybrought forth al þat were called þerto that were not yswore afor sworen þat same othe that was written oppon goddis body & oppon þe masse boke in þis wyse, "We, N, and N., sweren oppon holy Goddes body, and on þe gospels, stedfastly to hold and kepe towards vs þe pees and þe acorde made betwene the too kynges, and neuere forto do þe contrarie." And whan they had þus swore, þey token her scrowes that þe othes were comprehendid in, to the Notaries.

¶ And this same ȝer, in þe Ascencioun, even about Midday, was seyn the Eclipse of þe sunne; and þer folowed suche a newe droght that, for defaut of rayn, þer was grete bareynes of corn, froyt, and hey, and in þe same ȝere, the vj. kalend of Iuyn, þere fill a sangweyn rayne, almoost like blood, at Burgoyne; and a sangweyn

crosse, fro morwe vnto pryme, was seyn and apperid at Boloigne in þe eyr, þe whiche meny a man sawe; & after, it mevid & fill in þe myd see.

¶ and in þe same tyme in Fraunce & in Engelond, & in oþere meny landes as þey had duelled in playn cuntres & desert bare wytnes, sodenly þer apperid ij castels, of þe whiche wenten out ij. ostes of armed men; and þe to oste was helid and clothed in white, and þe toþere in blak; and whan [Cambridge, No. 174 188a] batayl bytuene hem was bygunne, the white ouercome þe blake, and anone after, þe blak token hert to hem & ouercome þe white; and after þat, þey went aȝen into her castellis, and þat þe castels & al þe oostes vanisshed awey. and in þis same ȝere was a grete & a houge pestilence of peple, and namely of men, whos wyues, as wymmen out of gouernaunce, token husbondes, as wel straungers as oþere lewed and symple peple, þe whiche forȝetyng her owne wurschip & berthe, coupled & maried hem with hem þat were of lowe degre & litel reputacion.

¶ In this same ȝere deide Herry, þe Duke of Lancastre; & also in this ȝere, Edward, Prins of Walys, weddid þe Cuntesse of Kent, þat was Sere Thomas wyf Holande, þe whiche was departed & deuorsid sumtyme fro þe Erl of Salysbury, for cause of þe same knyght. And about þis same tyme þere bygan & aros a grete companye of diuers nacions gaderid togeder, of wom her leders & gouernours were Englissh peple; & þey were clept 'a peple without an heed,' þe whiche deden mych harme in þe partye of Fraunce; & not long after þere aros anoþer cumpanye of diuers nacions þat was called 'þe white companye,' þe whiche, in þe parties & cuntre of Lumbardye, dede myche sorwe. þis same ȝere Sere Iohn Gaunt, þe sone of King Edwarde þe third, was made Duk of Lancastre, by resoun & cause of his wyf, þat was þe douȝter & eyre of Herry, sumtyme Duk of Lancastre.

Of the grete wynde, & howe Prins Edward, þe lordship of Guyene, of King Edward his fader toke of him, & went thider. Capitulo cc. xxxij.

And in þe xxxvij ȝer of King Edward, the xv day of January, that is to sey, on Seynt Mauris day, about evesong tyme, þer aroos & come such a wynd out of þe suoth, wiþ such a fersnes, that he brast & blewe [Cambridge, No. 174 188b] doun to ground hye houses, & strong byldynges, toures, cherches, & steeples, & oþer strong þynges; and al oþer strong werkes þat stoden still, were so yshake þerewith, þat þey ben ȝett, and shol be euermore, the febelere & weyker while þey stonde; & þis wynd lasted withoute eny cesyng vij. dayes continuels.

¶ And anon after, þer folowed such watres, in hey tyme & in hervest tyme, þat all feld-werkes were strongly let & left vndone, and in þe same ȝere Prins Edward toke þe Lordship of Guyene, & dede to Kyng Edward his fader feaute & homage þerfore, & went ouer see into Gascoigne, wiþ his wyf & his childryn; & anone after, King Edward made Sere Leonel, his sone, Duke of Clarence, & Edmund, his oþer sone, Erl of Caumbrig. ¶ and in þe xxxviij ȝere of his regne, hit was ordeyned in þe parlement, þat men of lawe, bothe of þe temporall & of holy chirche lawe, fro þat tyme forth shold plede in her moder tunge. And in þe same ȝere comen into Engelond thre kinges, that is to sey, þe King of Fraunce, the King of Cypres, & þe King of Scotlande, by cause to visite & to speke wiþ þe King of Engelond, of whiche þey were wonder welcomen & myche yworshiped. & after þat þey had ben her longe tyme, ij of hem wenten aȝen home into her owne kingdomes; but þe King of Fraunce, thurgh grete sikenes & malady þat he had, left still in Engelonde.

¶ and in þe xxxix ȝer of his regne, was a strong and an houge frost, & that lasted long, that is forto sey, fro Sent Andrewes tyde vnto þe xiiij kalend of Aprill, that þe tilthe & sowyng of þe erthe, & oþere suche feld werkes and hand werkes, were myche yyet & lefte vndo, for colde & hardnesse of erthe.

¶ And at Orrey in Brytayne þat tyme was ordeyned a grete dedly batayll bytwene Sere Iohn of Mounfort, Duk of Brytayne, [Cambridge, No. 174 189a] & Sere Charles of Bloys, but þe victorie fill to þe forseyd Sir John, thurgh help and socour of þe Englissh men; & þere were take meny kniȝtes & sqwyers and oþer men þat weren ynoumbred. In the

whiche bataill was slayn Charlis hymself, with al þat stood about hym; & of þe Englissh men þer were slayn but vij. And in this ȝere deid at Savey, Iohn, the King of Fraunce, whose seruise & exequyes King Edwarde lete ordeyne, & dede in diuerses places worschipfully to be done, and to douorre of worschipfull men ordeyned hym worthily to be ledde, wiþ his owne costes & expenses; from þens he was fet into Fraunce, & beried at Seynt Denys.

[Peter's Pence stopt. Rain, Sparrow-fights, Plagues.]

¶ In the xl ȝeer of King Edward the vij, kalend of Feuerer, was born Edward, Prins Edwardes sone, þe whiche, whan he was vij ȝere olde, he deide. And in þe same ȝer hit was ordeyned that seynt Petris pens, fro þat tyme forþ shold not be payd, þe whiche Kyng Iva, sumtyme King of Englond, of þe cuntre of West-Saxons, that bygan to regne in þe ȝer of our Lord DCLxxix, ferst graunted to Rome, for þe scole of Engelond ther to be continued. And in this same ȝer þere fill so mich rayne in hey-tyme, that it wasted & distroyed boþe corn & hey; and þer was suche a debate & fightyng of sparows, by diuers places in thes dayes, that men founden vnnumerable multitudes of hem dede in feldes as þey wenten. And ther fill also such a pestilens, that neuere non such was sene in no mannes tyme alyve; for meny men, anone as þey were go to bed hool & in good poynt, sodeinly þey deiden. also þat tyme a sikenes þat men callen 'þe pokkes,' slow boþe men and whymmen, þourȝ hire enfectyng. ¶ and in þe xli. ȝer of his regne King Edwarde, was bore at Burdeux Richard the seconde, [Cambridge, No. 174 189b] sone of Prins Edward of Engelond, þe whiche Richard King Richard of Amorican heved at þe funtston, after whom he was cleped Richard. & þis same Richard, whan his fader was dede, & Kyng Edward also, was crouned Kyng of Engelond þe xj ȝere of his age, thurgh ryght lyne & heritage, & also by commune assent & desir of þe comnalte of þe reaume.

[With Du Guesclin's help King Pedro of Spain is deposed, and King Henry elected, A.D. 1366.]

¶ About þis tyme, at King Edwardes commandement of Engelond, whan al þe castelles & tounes were ȝolde to him, that

long weren hold in Fraunce by a grete coumpany assembled togider, Sere Bertram Cleykyn, knyȝt, and a orpid man & a good werreour, went & purposid hym to put out Piers, Kyng of Spayne, out of his kingdome wiþ help of þe most partye of þe forsaide grete cumpanye; trustyng also oppon help & fauour of þe Pope, for as myche as hit come to his eres that þe same Piers shold lede & vse the most worst & synfullest lyf out. ¶ The wiche Peris, King of Spayne, ysmytyn with drede of this tydyng, fled into Gascoigne to Prins Edward, forto haue help & socour of hym. and whan he was fled out of Spayne, Herry his broþer, þat was a bastarde, by assent of þe moste partie of Spayne, & þorughe help of þat ferfull cumpany þat y spak of arst, was made & crouned Kyng of Spayne: and þe noumbre of þat same cumpany was rekened & set at þe noumbre of lx. M^l fighting men.

[A Danish Expedition against England.]

¶ This same ȝere, in þe monþe of Iuyn, þere come a gret companye & navee of þe Danes, & gaderyd hem togedir in þe Norþ See, purposyng hem to come into Engelond, to reue & to robbe, and also to slee; with [Cambridge, No. 174 190a] whom, countreden & metten in þe see, Maryners and oþer orpyd fightyng men of the same cuntre, & disparpled hem; & þey, ashamed, went home aȝen into her owne cuntre. But amonge al oþere was a boystous and a strong vessell of her nauie that was ouere-sayled of the Englissh men, & was perisshid & dreynt; in þe whiche, þe stiward & oþer worthy & grete men of Denmark, were take prisoners, &, by the Kyng of Engelond & his councell, yprisoned. ¶ The whiche lordes, þe Danes afterward comen & soghten al about for to haue had her goodes þat þei had lost; and þei, not wel apayed ne plesid of þe answere þat þei had here, turned homwardes aȝen levyng behind hem in her ynnes, pryvyly ywriten, in scrowes and on walles, "Ȝet shull Danos þes Wanes." Than happed þere an Englissh writer & wrote aȝens þe Danes in þis manere wyse: Her shull Danes fett banes.

[The deposed King Pedro of Spain appeals to the Black Prince for help.]

And in þis tyme, Peirs, Kyng of Spayne, with oþer Kynges, þat is forto sey, þe King of Nauerne, & þe King of Malogre, beyng menes, wenten bitwene, & prayed counceyl & help of Sere Edwarde, þe Prins þoneȝ, whose counceil, whan he had vnderstond her articles & desire þat he was requyred of ij. kinges, lothe he was, and ashamed, to sey 'nay,' & contrarie hem; but noþeles he was agast lest it sholde be eny preiudice aȝens þe Pope. Long he taried hem or he wolde graunte & consente þerto, til he had better counceyl & avysement with good deliberacioun of King Edward, his geter and his fader. ¶ But whan þat he was with euery dayes & continuele bysechynges of so meny noble men yrequired & spoken to, & wiþ meny prayers ysent and made bituene þam, Prins Edwarde sent to his fader—boþe by pleynyng lettres, and also by confortable, conteynyng al her suggestions and causes, wiþ al þe toþer Kynges epistles & lettres forto haue [Cambridge, No. 174 190b] comfort and helpe of þe wronges, not only to þe Kyng of Spayne ydo, but also for such þinges þat might fal to oþere kynges also, if it ner not þe sonner holpen & amendid, þurgh þe dome & help of knyghthood to hem that it asked & desired. ¶ The which lettres, whan þe kyng and his wys counceyll had seyn & vndirstonden, he had grete compassioun & heuynesse of such a kynges spoylyng and robbyng, wiþ myche vermaille; and sent aȝen comfortable letteres to Prins Edward, his sone, and to þe oþere forsaide kynges, & warned hym forto arme hym & ordeigne hym aȝens þat mysdoer, & to wiþstond hem, by þe help of God, that weren such enemyes to kynges.

[The Black Prince undertakes to help the King of Spain.]

¶ Whan this noble Prynȝ had resceyued þes letteres, hym-self, wiþ þe oþere kynges byfor all her counceyll clept togeder or þat he wold vndirtake þe querell be bonde, & knet sore þe King þat was deposid wiþ a grete othe, þat is forto sey, þat he shold euere after maynteigne the ryȝt byleue and faith of holi chirche, & holy chirche also wiþ al her mynistres, rightes & libertees, to defende from all her enemyes; and all eueles & al þat were þere aȝens,

bytterly to ponysshe & destourble, & al þe rightes libertees & pryuileges of holy cherche encrece, mayntaigne & amende, & al þinges þat were wrongfully benome, wiþdrawe & bore awey, by hym or by eny oþere by cause of hym, hastly to restore aȝeen, and to dryve & put out Saraȝins & al oþere mysbyleued peple out of his kyngdom, wiþ al his strenghe & power, & suffre ne admitte none such for no manere þing, ne cause to duell theryn; and þat whan he had take a cristen womman to wyf, he shold neuere come in to non oþer wommans bedde, ne non oþere mannes wyf to defoule: al þes [Cambridge, No. 174 191a] forsaide þinges, trewlych forto kepe, continue & fulfill al his lyf tyme, he was bound by othe afor notaries, in presence and witnes of tho kynges wiþ oþere prins, & þan thilk gracious Prins Edward vndertoke þe cause & þe querele of þe King þat was deposed, & behight hym, with þe grace of God, to restore hym aȝen to his kyngdome, and lete ordeigne & gadre to-gedir forthwiþ in all haste, his nave, wiþ men of armes, to werre & fight in this forseid cause.

[Fight of Eagles; Fall of Fiery Stars; Storms and Destruction.]

¶ And in this same tyme, oppon þe sonde of the Scottyssh see, þat meny a man hit sye ther iij. dayes togedir þere were sene ij. Egleȝ, of þe which the tone come out of þe southe, & þe toþer out of þe North, & cruelly & strongly þey foughten togider & warstled togider; & þe south Egle ferst ouercome the Northe egle, & al to-rent and tare hym wiþ his bille & his clowes, þat he shold not reste ne take no breþe; and aftir, the south egle flye home to his owne coostes. and anone after, þere folowed & was seyn in þe morne afore þe sunne rysing; and after, in þe last day of Octobre saf on, þat meny sterres gaderid togedir on an hepe fel doun into þe erþe, levyng behind hem fery bemes in manere of lightnyng, whos flaumes & hete brent & consumed mennys cloþes & mennys here, walkyng on þe erþe, as hit was seen & knowen of meny a man. ¶ and ȝet thilk Northren wynd, that is euere redy & destinat to all evell fro Seynt Katerins even til iij. dayes aftir, lost good wiþoute nombre vnrecouerable. and in þese same dayes þer fill & comen also such lightnynges, þundres, snowe & hayl, þat hit wastede and destroyed men, bestes, houses and trees.

Of þe bataill of Spayne bituene Prins Edward & Herry þe Bastard of Spayne. Capitulo CC^mo xxxiij^o.

[I]n þe ȝer of our Lord a M^lCCC. lxvij, & of Kyng Edward xlij., þe thrid day of [Cambridge, No. 174 191b] Aprill, þer was a strong bataill & a grete, in a large felde yclept Pryaȝers, fast by þe water of Naȝers in Spayne, bitwene Sir Edward Pryns, & Harry, þe Bastarde of Spayne; but þe victorie fill to Pryns Edwarde, by þe grace of God. & þis same Prins Edward had with hym Sere John, þe Duke of Lancastre, his broþer, and worþi oþer men of armes, aboute þe noumbre of xxx. M^l. And þe King of Spayne had on his side, men of diuerce nacions, to þe noumbre of a C. Ml. & passyng. ¶ Wherfore þe sharpnes & þe fersnes of his aduersarye, wiþ his ful boystus & ful grete strengthe, made & strevyn þe ryȝtfull partye abak a gret wey; but þurgh þe grace of Almyȝty God, passyng eny mannys strengthe, thilk hougest ooste was desparbled myghtfully by þe noble Duk of Lancastre and his oste, or þat Pryns Edward come nye hym. ¶ And whan Harry þe Bastard sey þat, he turned wiþ his men, wiþ so grete haste and strengthe, to fle, þat an houge cumpanye of him in þe forseyd flood, & of þe brigge þer-of, fillen doun & perisshed. and þere were take, þe Erl of Dene and Sere Bertram Cleykyn, þat was chefe maker and cause of the werre, and also chyueteyn of þe vauntward of þe bataill, wiþ meny oþer lordes and knightes, to þe noumbre of ij. M^l; of whom ijc weren of Fraunce, & meny of Scotland; & þere were feld in þe felde on our enemys side, of lordes and knyȝtes, with oþere mene peple, to þe noumbre of vj M^l & mo; and of Englissh men but a fewe. ¶ And after þis, þat noble Prins Edward restored þe same Piers into his kingdom aȝen. þe whiche Piers afterward, þourȝ trecherye & falsnes of þe forsaid Bastarde of Spayne as he sate atte þe table, he was strangled and deyde. but after þis victorye, meny noble and hardy men of Engelond, in Spayne, þourȝ the fflix & odir diuers siknesses, toke her dethe.

& in þis same [Cambridge, No. 174 192a] ȝer in Marche, was seyn 'Stella Comata' bitwene þe North costes & þe west, whos bemes strecched toward Fraunce. and in þe ȝer next sewyng of King Edwardes regne

xliij., in Aprill, Sere Leonell, Kyng Edwardes sone, þat was duk of Clarence, went towarde Myleyn, with a chose meyne of þe gentils of Englond, forto wedde Galoys douȝter, and haue her to wyf, by whom he shold haue half þe Lordship of Mileyn. But after þat þey were solempnly wedded, the same Duke, about þe Natiuite of our Lady deid. & in þe same ȝere þe Frensshe men breken þe pees & the trewes, ryding on þe Kinges ground and lordship of Englond, in þe shire & cuntre of Pountyf, & taken & helden castls & tounes, & bere þe Englisshe men on hond falsly & sotilly, þat þey were cause of breking of þe truws. And in þis same ȝere deyd þe Duchesse of Lancastre, & is beryed worschipfully in Seynt Poules Cherche.

[A Great Pestilence, A.D. 1369.]

¶ The xliiij ȝere of King Edward regne, was þe grete pestilens of men and of grete beestes; and by grete fallyng of wateres þat fill þat tyme, þer fill grete hyndryng & destroyeng of corn, in so mych þat þe next ȝere after, a busshell whete was solde for xl d. and about þe laste ende of May, Kyng Edwarde held his parlement at Westminster; in þe whiche parlement was treted & spoken of þe oþe & þe trewes þat was broke bituene hem and þe King of Fraunce, & how he myȝte best oppon his wrong be avenged. ¶ In þis same ȝer, in þe Assumpsion of our Lady, deid Qwene Philippe of Engelond, a ful noble and good woman; & at Westminster ful worschipfully is buried & entered.

And about Missomere, þe Duke of Lancastre & þe Erle of Herford, wiþ a grete cumpanye of kniȝtes, wenten into Fraunce, wher þey gete hem but a litell worship and name; for þer was an houge oste of Frenssh men oppon [Cambridge, No. 174 192b] Chalkhul brigge, & anoþer oste of Englisshe men faist by þe same brigge, þat longe tyme had leyn þere; and meny worþy men & grete of þe Englisshe men ordeyned & ȝaf counceyll fort fight & ȝeue bataill to þe Frensh men; but þe forseid lordes wolde noþing consente þerto, ne assent, for no manere þing. ¶ Ther anon after, hit happid þat þe Erl of Warwyke come þedirward forto werre; & whan þe Frenshmen herde

of his comynge, or þat þey come fully to londe, þey left her tentis and pavilons, wiþ al hir vetayles, & fledden and wenten awey preveyly. And whan þe Erl was come to londe wiþ his men, he wente in al has[t] into Normandye, and distroyede þe Ile of Cavs, þourȝ dent of suerde & þourȝ fire; but allas, in his returnyng into Englond-warde home aȝen, at Caleys he was take with siknes of pestillence, & deide, nowt lewyng behynde him, after his dayes, non so noble a kniȝt, ne so orpid of armes. ¶ In whiche tyme rayned and werred thilk orpid kniȝt, Sere Iohn Hawkwode, þat was an Englisshman born, hauyng with hym at his gouernance þilk white cumpanye þat ys abore ynemned, þe whiche were o tyme aȝens holy chirche, and anoþer tyme aȝens lordes werryng, & ordeynede gret batailes; & þer in þat cuntre he dede many mervayles þingeȝ.

And aboute þe Conuersion of Seynt Poule, King Edward, whan he had ȝended and done þe entering and þe exequites, wiþ grete costes and rialtees, aboute þe tombe & buryng of Quene Phillip his wif, he held his parlement at Westminster. In þe whiche parlement was axed of þe clergye a iij. ȝers disme, þat is forto sey, a gret dime to be paied .iij. ȝer duryng; and the clergye put hit of, and wolde not graunte hit vnto Ester next comyng; & þan þey graunted wele þat in iij ȝere, by certeyne termes, þat disme [Cambridge, No. 174 193a] shold be payed; & also of þe lay fee, was a iij. ȝers xv. ygraunted to þe King.

Hov sir Robert Knollis, wiþ oþer certeyne lordes of þe reaume, wente ouere þe see into Fraunce; & of here gouernaunce. Capitulo CCmo. xxxiiij^o.

And in þe xlv ȝere of King Edward, in þe bygenyng, King Edward, wiþ owne-wise counceyll and vndescret, borwed a grete summe of gold of þe prelatis and lordes, Marchauntes and oþer riche men of þe reaume, saynge þat hit sholde be spende in deffendyng of holy cherche & of his reaume; but neuer þe latter hit profited hit not. Wherfore about Midsomer after, þe king made a grete oste of þe worthiest men of his reaume, amonges whom were somme lordes, þat is forto seyn, þe Lord Fitzwater,

þe Lord Gromson, and oþer worþi kniȝtes, of whiche kniȝtes þe King ordeyned Sere Robert Knollis, a proved kniȝt and wel assayed in dede of armes, forto be gouernour; and þat, þourȝ his gouernnance and counceyll, al þing sholde be gouerned & dressid. and whan þey come into Fraunce, as long as þey duelled and helde him hole togider, þe Frensshmen þorust nout falle oppon hym. & at þe laste, aboute þe bigynnyng of wenter, for enuye and covetyse þat was amonges ham, and also discorded, þey sunddered & partyd him into diuers companyes, vnwysely & follely. But Sere Robert Knollis & his men wenten and kepten ham saf wiþinne a Castel in Britaigne. & whan þe frenshe men saw þat our men were deuyded into diuers cumpanyes & places, nouȝt holdyng ne strengyng ham togeders, as þey awȝte forto done, þey fel fersly on our men, & for þe moste partey token ham & slowen; and þo þat þey toke, ledde wiþ him presoners. ¶ And in þe same ȝere Pope Vrban come fro Rome to Avyoun, for enchesoun & cause þat he shold acorde and make pees bytwene þe King of Fraunce and þe King of Engelonde for euermore; but allas, [Cambridge, No. 174 193b] or he bygan þis tretis, he deide wiþ sikenes, þe xxj day of Decembre, & was yburied as for þe tyme in þe cathedral cherch of Avyon, fast by þe hye auter. & þe next ȝere after, whan he had leyn so, his bones were taken out of þe erþe, and beryed new in þe abbey of Seynt Victour, fast by Marcyle, of þe whiche abbey he was sumtyme abbot hymself. & in boþe places þat he was buryed yn, ther bene meny grete miracles done and wroght, thurgh þe grace of God, to meny a mannes help, and to þe worship of God. After whom folowed next, & was made Pope Gregore Cardynall, dekene, þat bifore was clept Piers Rogier.

[The Black Prince takes Limoges, and comes back to England.]

¶ In this same ȝere þe Citee of Lymage rebelled and faght aȝens þe Pryns, as oþere Citees in Guyene dede, for grete taxes, costages & raunsoms, þat þey wer put-yn and ysette to by Prins Edward, þe whiche charges were unportable, & to chargeable; wherfor þey turned fro him, & fill to þe King of Fraunce, & whan Pryns Edward sawe þis, he was sore ychaufed & ygrevid; and in turnyng

homward aþen to Engelond, with sore skyrmisshes & fightyng and grete assautes, fought with hem, & toke þe forsaid Citee, & distroyed hit almost to þe grounde, and slow al þat were founde in þe Citee. And þan, forto sey þe sothe, for diuers siknesses and maladies þat he had, and also for defaute of money þat he myght not wiþstande ne tarie on his enemys, he hyed hym aȝen into Engelond. And about þe bygynnyng of Januarij he come into Engelond with his wyf and his meyne, levyng behind him in Gascoigne þe Duk of Lancastre & Sere Edmund, Erl of Caumbrigge, with opere worþy and orpid men of armes.

¶ In þe xlvj ȝere of King Edwarde, at þe ordinaunce & sendyng of King Edwarde, þe King of Nauern come to hym to Claryngdoun, to trete wiþ ham of certeyn þinges touching his werre [Cambridge, No. 174 194a] in Normandye, wher King Edward had left certen seges in his stede til he come aȝen; but King Edwarde myghten not spede of þat þat he asked of hym; and so þe King of Nauerne, with grete worshup & grete ȝeftes, toke his leue, & wente home aȝen. And about þe begynnyng of Marche, whan þe parlement at Westminster was bygunne; þe King axed of þe clergye a subsidie of L. M^l li, þe whiche, by a good avisement & by a general conuocacioun of þe clergye, hit was ygraunted & yordeyned þat hit shold be payede & reised of þe lay fee. And in þis parlement, at þe requeste & axyng of þe lordes, in hatered of men of holy chirche, þe Chaunceler & tho þat were Bisshopes, þe Tresorer & þe Clerk of þe Pryue Sele, were remeued & put out of hire office, & in hire stedes were seculer men put yn. And while þis parlement laste, þer comen solempne ambassiatours, ysent fro þe Pope to trete wiþ þe King, of pees, & saiden þat þe Pope desired to fullfille his predecessours will; but for al hir comyng þey spedden not of hir purpos.

Of þe sege of Rochell, & hov þe Erl of Penbroke was taken of þe Spaynardeȝ. Capitulo CC^mo xxxv^o.

The ix day of Juyn, King Edwarde, in þe xlvij ȝere of his regne, helde his parlement at Wynchestre; & hit lasted but viij. dayes; to þe parlement ws sompned by wryt, of men of holy chirche, iiij. bisshopes & iiij. abbotes, wiþoute eny mo. This parlement

was holden for Marchauntis of London, of Norwych, & of oþer diuers places, in diuers þinges and poyntes of tresoun þat þey were diffamed of, þat is forto sey, þat þey were rebelle, & wolde rise aȝens þe King.

¶ This same ȝere þe Duk of Lancastre and þe Erl of Caumbrigge, his broþer, comen out of Gascoigne into Englond, & token & weddid to hir wyues Petres doghters, sumtyme King of Spayne; of which [Cambridge, No. 174 194b] ij douȝters þe duke had þe elder, and þe Erl þe ȝonger. And þe same tyme þer were sent ij Cardinals fro þe Pope, þat is to sey, an Englissh Cardinal, & a Cardinal of Parius, to trete of pees bytwene tho ij. reaumes, þe which, whan þey had ben boþe longe eche in his province, & in places & cuntres fast by, tretyng of þe forsaid pees, at þe last þey toke wiþ hem her lettres of procuracye, & went aȝen to þe court of Romeward, wiþoute eny effecte of hir purpos. ¶ In þis ȝere also þere was a stronge bataill on þe see bytwene Englissh men & Flemmynges; & þe Englissh men had þe victorye, & toke xxv. shippes ycharged wiþ salt, sleyng & drenchyng al þe men þat were þerin, vnwytyng hem þat þey weren of þat cuntre. and redily mych harme had fall by cause þerof, ne had pees þe sonner be made bitwene hem. and in þis same ȝer þe Frenssh men byseged þe toun of þe Rochell, wherfor þe Erle of Penbrok was sent into Gascoigne with a grete cumpanye of men of armes, forto destroye þe sege; þe which passeden þe see, & comen safe to þe haven of Rochell. and whan þey were þere at þe haven mouþe, or þat þey myght entre, sodenly comen oppon hem a strong naue of Spayne, þe whiche ouercomen þo þe Englissh men, in mych blemyshyng, hurtyng & sleyng of many persones, for as miche as þe Englysse men were not þan redy forto fight, ne ware of hem. & in þis comyng oppon of þe Spaynardes, all þe Englissh men, eyþer þey were take or slayn; & x. of hem were wonded to þe dethe; & all her shippes ybrent. ¶ And þere þey token þe Erle, with an houge tresour of þe reaume of Engelond, & many oþer noble men also, on Missomer eve, þe whiche is seynt Mildredes day, & ledden hem wiþ him into Spayne. And of þis mysshif was no grete wonder, for þis Erle was a ful euel lyuer, as

an opyn lechour; & also in a [Cambridge, No. 174 195a] certeyne parlement he stood and was aȝens þe riȝtes & þe fraunche of holy chirche; and also he counceyled þe King and his counceyle, þat he shold axe more of men of holy chirch þan of oþer persones of þe lay fee. ¶ And for þe King & oþere of his counceyl axcepted & token raþer evell opynions & causis aȝens men of holy chirch, þan he dede forto fende & maynteyne þe riȝt of holy chirch, hit was sen in many tymes after, þourgh lakkyng of fortune and grace, þey had not ne bere awey so grete victorye ne power aȝens hir enemyns as þey dede byfore.

þis same ȝere, þe King, wiþ a grete ostee, entred þe see to remeve þe sege of Rochell; but þe wynd was euen contrarye to hem, and suffred hem not longe tyme to goo fer fro þe londe. Wherfore he abode a certeyne time oppon þe see costes, abyding after a good wynde for him; and ȝet come hit not. So at þe laste he come þens wiþ his men to londeward aȝen; and anon as he was a londe, þe wynde bygan turne, and was in anoþer coste þen he was byfore.

Hov þe Duk of Lancastre, with a grete oste, went into Flaundres, & passed by Parys, þoruȝ Burgoyne. Capitulo CC^mo xxxvj^o.

Sone after, in þe xlviij ȝere of King Edward, þe Duk of Lancastere, wiþ a grete oste, wente into Floundres, and passid by Parys, þourȝ Burgoyne, & þourȝ alle Fraunce, til he come to Burdeux, wiþoute eny manere wiþstonddyng of þe Frenshe men. & he dede him but litel harme, saf he toke and raunseued many places & tounnes, & meny men lette hem goon after frely.

¶ The same ȝer þe King sent certeyne enbassetours to þe Pope, praynge hem þat he sholde leue of and melle-not in his court of þe kepyngeȝ & reseruaciouns of benefeces in Engelond; & þat þo þat were chose to bisshopes sees & dingnites, frely & wiþ ful right myȝte Ioye haue, & be confermed. [Cambridge, No. 174 195b] Of her Metropolanes and

Erchebisshops, as þey were went to be of old tyme of þes poyntes, & of oþer toching þe Kinge and his reaume. When þey hadden her answere of þe Pope, þe Pope enioyned hem þat þey sholde certyfie hem aȝen by her letteres of þe Kinges wylle, and of his reaume, or þat þey determened out of þe forsaide articles.

¶ In this same ȝer, deid John, þe Erchebisshop of ȝork, Iohn, bosship of Ely; William, bisship of Worsschestre, in whos stedes folweding, and were made bisship by þe auctorite of þe Pope, Mayster Alexander Nevyle to þe Erchebysshoprich of ȝork, Thomas of Arundell to þe Bisshop of Ely, & sere Herry Wakefeld to þe bysshoprich of Worcestre. In whiche tyme it was ordeyned in þe parlement þat all Cathedrall cherches shold ioy and haue her eleccions hool; & þat þe King, fro þat tyme afterward, sholde not write aȝens hem þat were ychosen, but rather help ham by his lettres to her confirmacioun. & this statut was kept, and dede myche profet & good; & in þis parlement was graunted to þe King a dysme of þe clergye, & a xv of þe lay fee.

¶ The ȝere next after, of King Edwarde xlix, þe v. day of Iuyn, deid Mayster William Wytlesey, Erchebisshope of Caunterbery. Wherfor þe monkes of þe same chirche asked & desired a Cardinall of Engelond to be Erchebisshop; and þerfore þe King was agreued, & had ment and purposed to have exiled þe monkes of þe same hous; & so þey spended mich good or þey myghte haue þe Kingeȝ grace aȝen, & his loue; but ȝet wold not þe King consente ne graunte to her eleccioun of þe Cardinall, ne þe Pope also, ne his Cardinals.

& about þe bygynnyng of August, it was tretid & spoken at Brugges of certeyn poyntes & articles hauyng bytwene þe Pope and þe King of Engelonde; & þis tretis lasted almoste ij ȝere. At þe laste it was acorded bytwene ham, þat þe Pope, fro þat tyme [Cambridge, No. 174 196a] forþe, shold nout vse ne dele wiþ þe reseruacions of benefices in Engelond; and þat þe King shold not graunte ne lete no benefices by his wryt þat ys yclept 'Quare impedit'; but as touchyng þe eleccions aboue seyd, þere was noþing touchid ne do; & þat was ywyted & put oppon certeyn clerkes, the whiche raþer supposed & hoped to be auaunced & promoted to bysshopriches which þey desired & coueyted, by þe court of Rome þan by eny eleccions.

This same ȝer about Candelmasse, þere comen & metten togider at Brugges, meny noble and worþy men of boþe reaumes, to treten of pees bituene þo ij. kingdomes. And this tretys lasted twey ȝer, wiþ grete costes & houge spences of boþe parties; & at þe laste þey went & departed þens wiþout eny accorde or effecte.

¶ The next ȝer after, þe xlix ȝer of Kyng Edward, þe iiij. None of Maii, beyng ȝet void & vacaunt þe Erchebisshop of Caunterbury, Maister Symound Sudbury, Bysshop of London, was made Erchebisshop of Caunterbury; & Maister Will. Courteneye, þat was Bisshop of Herford, was þan made Bysshop of London; & þe Bisshiop of Bangor was made Bosship of Herford.

And in þis same tyme, in a certeyn tretys, & speking of pees, trews was take bytwene Fraunce & Engelond, fro Missomere vnto Missomere come aȝen, al on hool ȝer. ¶ And about the bygynnyng of Aprill, þe Duke of Brytayne, wiþ meny Erles, barons, and noble and worþy men of Engelond, went ouere see into Brytaigne, wher he had al his lust, desire & purpos, ne had þe forsaide trws be so sone ybrake, þe whiche letted hem myche. This same tyme, þe Ile of Constantyn, wher þat the castell of Sent Sauour is yn, þat longe tyme was fought at & byseged of þe Frenshe men, was þan ȝolden to þe Frenshemen, wiþ al þe appurtenaunces, into grete harme & hyndryng of þe reaume of Engelond.

And þe same ȝer þere were so [Cambridge, No. 174 196b] grete & so passyng hetes, & þerewiþal a grete pestilens in Engelond, & in oþer diuers parties of þe world, þat it destroyed & slow, violently & strongly, both men & wymmen without noumbre.

¶ This same ȝer deid Sir Edwarde, þe lord Spencer, a worthy knyȝt and a bolod; & in þe Mynstre of Teukesbury worschipfully is buried.

& lastyng this pestilens, þe Pope, at þe instaunce & prayer of a Englissh Cardinall, graunted to al þe peple þat deid in Engelond þat weren sory and repentaunt for her synnes, & also shryven, ful remyssioun, by ij. bulles vnder lede, vj. monthes þan next to last.

In þis same ȝer þe Erl of Penbrook was take & raunsened by Bertram Cleykyn, bytwene Parys & Caleys, as he come towarde

Engelonde oppon Seint Etheldredis day; þe whiche Seynt, as hit was said, þe same Erl oft tymes had offended; & wiþin a while after, he deide. & in Noumbre next after, þere metten at Brugges þe Duke of Lancastre & þe Duke of Angeoy, wiþ meny þer lordes & prelates of boþe reaumes, forto trete of pees.

Of þe deþe of prins Edward, & of dame Alys Perers, & Piers de la Mare. Capitulo CC xxxviij^o.

[A Parliament held at Westminster, A.D. 1376. Alice Ferrers and Lord Latimer.]

Not longe after þe lj. ȝere of þe regnyng of King Edward, he lete ordeyned & holde his parlement at Westminster, þe grettest þat was sen meny ȝere afore. In þe whiche parlement, he axed of Communaltee of þe reaume as he had done byfore, a grete subsede to be graunted to hem, for defendyng of hem and of his reame; but þe communes answered þat 'þey were so oft, day by day, ygreued & charged wiþ so many talyageȝ & subsidies, þat þey myȝte no longer suffre non such berþes ne charges; ¶ and þat þey knewyn & wisten wel þat þe King had ynov for sauyng of hem & of his reaume, yf þe reaume wher wel and trewly gouerned, but þat [Cambridge, No. 174 197a] it had be so long euel ygouerned by euel officers, þat the reaume myȝt neither be plenteuous of Chaffare and merchaundise, ne also wiþ richesse: & þese þingeȝ þey profered hem self, if þe King wold, certey[n]ly to preue & stonde by. and if it were found & proued after, þat þe King þan had nede, þey wold þen gladly, euery man, after his power and state, hem wold helpe & lene.'

¶ And after þis, þere were publisshed & shewed in þe parlement meny playntes & defautes of officers of þe reaume, & namely of þe Lorde Latymer, þe Kingeȝ Chaumberlayn, of his evel gouernaunce, boþe to þe King & eke to þe reame; & at þe laste also þer was tretid & spoken of Dame Alys Pereis, for þe grete wrongeȝ & evel gouernaunce þat was done by her & by her counceyl in þe reame; þe whiche Dame Alys Perers, þe King had holde long tyme to his lemman. Wherfor hit was þe lesse wonder thogh,

þurgh þe freelte of þe wommannys exciting & her streyng, consentid to her lewednes & evell counceyll. ¶ The which Dame Alys, & also þe Lord Latymer, & also oþer such þat sterid þe King to evel gouernaunce, aȝens his profite & þe reaumes. also al þe communalte of þe reame desired & asked þat þei shold be meved & done awey, & in her stedes, wyse men & worþy þat were trewe, & welle assayed & proued, and of good gouernaunce, shold be put in her stedes. ¶ So amonge all oþere, þer was on among þe communes þat was a wys knyȝt, & a trewe, & an eloquent man, whos name was Piers de la Mare; & þis same Piers was chosen to be speker for the communes in þe parlement. & for þis same Piers told & publissed þe trewþe, & rehersid meny wronges aȝens þe forsaid Dame Alys, & oþer certeyne persones of þe Kingeȝ counceyl, as he was bode by þe communes, & also trustyng mych forto be supported & maynteyned in þis mater by help & fauour of þe Pryns, anon as þe Pryns was dede, at þe instaunce and [Cambridge, No. 174 197b] request of þe forsaide Dame Alys, þis Piers de La Mare was iugged to perpetuel prisoun in þe Castell of Notyngham, in þe whiche he was ij. ȝere. & þe vj. kalend of Iuyll. lastyng þat same parlement, deid Prens Edwardes ferst sone, þat is forto sey, in Trynite Sounday; in þe worship of whiche feest he was wont euery ȝere, wher þat euere he were in þe worlde, to make & hold þe moost solempnyte þat he myght. ¶ Whos name & fortune of kniȝthood, but yf it had bene of anoþer Ectour, al men, both Christen & heþen, while he leuyd & was in good poynt, wondred mych, & dred him wonder sore; whos body is worshipfully beryed at Crycherche of Caunterbury.

And in þis same ȝere þe man & þe Erles tenauntes of Warwyk arisen maliciously aȝens þe Abbot & þe Covent of Euesham & her tenauntes, & destroyeden fersly þe Abbot & þe toun, & wounded & bete her men, & slowen of hem meny one, & wenten to her maners & places, & dede myche harme, & brekyn doun her parkes & her closes, & brenten & slowen her wild bestes, and chaced hem, brekyng her fisshepond hedis, & lete þe water of her pondes, stewes & ryuers, renne out; & token þe fissh, & bere it with hem, & deden hem al þe harme þat þey myȝte. ¶ In so ferforth, þat forsoþe þey had be distroyed perpetuely, þat abbay, wiþ all her membres & appurtenaunces, but yf þe King þe sonner had

holpen hit & taken heed þerto. and þerfore þe King sent his lettres to þe Erle of Warwyk, chargyng hym, & comaundyng, þat he shulde stynt, redresse & amende the evel doers & brekers of his pees. and so, by menys of lordes & oþere frendes of boþe sides pece & good acorde & loue was made bytwene hem. ¶ And for þis hurlyng, as hit was seyd, þe King wold not be gouerned at þat tyme by his lordes þat þere were in þe parlement; [Cambridge, No. 174 198a] but he toke and made his sone, þe Duk of Lancastre, his gouernour of þe reaume; the which stood so still gouernour til tyme þat he deide.

The same ȝere, anon after Candelmasse, or the parlement was done, the King axede a subsidie of the clergie and of þe lay fee, and hit was graunted him, þat is forto seye, that he sholde haue of euery persone of the lay fee, bothe of men and womman þat passed xiiij. ȝer age, iiij d.—outake pore beggers that were knowen opynly for nede, beggers,—and þat he shulde haue of euery man of holy chirche þat was beneficed or promoted, xij d., and of al oþere þat were nout promoted iiij d., outake þe iiij. orders of the Frers beggers.

¶ This same ȝer, after Myghellmase, Richard, Prinȝ Edwardeȝ sone, was made Prins of Walys; to whon þe King also ȝaf þe Duche of Cornewayl, wyth þe Erldom of Chestre. and aboute þis tyme, þe Cardinallis of Engelond, þe forþe day bifore Mary Maugdalyne day, after mete, sodeynly was smete & take wiþ a palsie, & loste his speche; and on Marye Mawgdalyne day he died.

Of the deth of Kinge Edwarde; and hov Sere John Mounsterworþ, knight, was drawe and honged for his fals tresoun. Capitulo CCmo xxxix^o.

Ryght anon after, in þe lij ȝere of his regne, of King Edward, in þe begynnyng of October, Pope Gregory þe xj brouȝt and remeved wiþ hem his court from Aveyon to Rome.

And þe xij. day of Aprill, John Munsterworþe, knight, at London was drawen, hanged, and þen byheded; and after, his body quartered, and sent to þe iiij. chef tounes of Engelond, and his heed sette oppon London Brigge. ¶ For þis same Iohn was

ful vntrewe to þe [Cambridge, No. 174 198b] King and to the reaume, and ful coveytous and vnstable; for he toke ofte tymes grete summes of money of þe King and his counceyll for men of armes wages, that he sholde haue payed ham; and take hit into his owne vse. and he, dreding at the laste he shold he shent and acused, for þe same cause fled pryuily to the King of Fraunce, and was swore to hem, and bicome his man, and behight hym to bringe a grete nave of Spayne in confusion, and distroyende of Engelonde. but rightful God, to whom no pryvite is vnknowe, suffrede hym ferst to be shent and spilt, or that he sholde so trecherously & falsly, his leige lord, the King of Engelonde, and his peple and his reaume—in the whiche ground the same Iohn was bore wickedly, thourgh bataill, destroye, or bryng his cursed purpose aboute.

In the feste of Seynt Gregore þo next sewynge, King Edward ȝaf to Richard of Burdeux, his eyr, that was Pryns Edwardes sone, att Wyndesore, the ordre of knyghthood, and made hym knyght. the which Kyng Edward, whan he had regned lj. ȝere and more, the xj kalend of Iuyn, he deide at Shene, and is beried worshipfully at Westmynster; on whos soule God haue mercy! Amen!

APPENDIX B.

[THE CHARACTER OF EDWARD III.]

[MS. Harley 753, fol. 146 ff. (collated with MS. Lambeth 331 = X, Lambeth 491 = Y, and Lambeth 738 = Z).]

Of þe description of Kyng Edward. Capo. CC. xxix^o.

THis Kyng Edward was forsoþe of passyng goodnesse, and ful gracious amonge all þe worthymen of þe world for he passyd and shone by vertue & grace yeven to hym fro God, above all his predecessours þat were noble men & worthy. And he was a wele hard-herted man, for he dred neuer of none myshappes, ne harmes ne evyll fortune, þat myȝt falle a noble warryour, and a fortunable, bothe on lond and on þe see. And in all batayle & assembles, with a passyng glory and worshyp he had euere þe victory.

And he was meke and benygne, homely, sobre, & softe to all maner men, as wele to straungres as to his owne subiectes, And to oþer þat were vnder his gouernaunce. He was devoute & holy, boþe to God & holy chirch; ffor he was worshipped & mayntened holy chirch and her mynystres with all maner reuerences. He was treteable & wele avysed in temperall & worldly nedes, wyse in councell, and discrete, soft, meke, & good to speke with. In hys dedes & manere, full gentill & wele ytaught, havyng pite on hem þat were in dissese; plentevous in yevyng almesse, Besy & corious in bildyng; And full lyghtly he bare & suffred wronges and harmes. And whan he was yeve to any occupacion, he left all oþer þynges in þe mene tyme, and tent þerto; semly of body, & of mene stature; havyng alwey, to high & lowe, a good chere. And þer sprang & shone so moch grace of hym [MS. Harley 753 146b] þat, what

maner man had byhold his face, or had dremed of hym, he hoped þat day þat all þyng shold hap to hym Ioyfull and lykyng. And he gouerned gloriously hys kyngdom into his age. And he was large in yevyng, and wyse in spences. He was fulfilled with all honeste of good maners, & vertous; vnder whom to lyve, hit was as for to regne; wherfor his name & his loos sprang so fere þat it came into hethenesse and Barbarye, shewyng and tellyng his worthynesse & manhode in all londes; And þat in no lond vnder heven had be brought forth so noble a kyng, so gentill & so blessyd, or myȝt reyse such anoþer whan he were dede.

Neuerþelesse, lecchery & mevyng of hys flessh haunted hym in his age; wherefor þe rather, as it was to suppose, for vnmesurable fulfillyng of hys lust, his lyff shorted þe sonner. And herof takeþ good hede, lyke as hys dedys byfore bereth wytnesse; for, as in hys bygynnyng all þynges were Ioyfull and lykyng to hym & to all þe peple, And in hys myd age he passed all men in high Ioye and worshype and blessydnesse, Ryȝt so, whan he drow in-to Age, drawyng downward þurgh lecchorye and oþer synnes, litill & litill all þo Ioyfull and blyssed þynges, good fortune & prosperite decresed and myshapped, And Infortunat þynges, & vnprofytable harmes, with many evele, bygan for to sprynge, and, þe more harme is, conteyned longe tyme after.

[C]

[FROM THE CORONATION OF RICHARD II (A.D. 1377) TO THE CAPTURE OF ROUEN (A.D. 1419).]

[Cambridge University Library MS. Kk. 1. 12.]

[Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 110b] And aftir King Edwarde the thrid, þat was bore at Wyndesore, Regned Richard of Burdeux, that was Prynce Edwardeȝ sone of Walis; which Prince Edwarde was þe sone of King Edwarde þe iij^de. Capitulum ccxxxix.

And aftir the gode King, King Edwarde the iijde, þat was born at Wyndesore, Regned Richarde þe ij, þat was þe gode Prince Edwardeȝ sone of Walis; which King Richard was born yn þe cite of Burdeux yn Gasquoyn, and was crouned at Westminster yn þe xj yere of his age. ¶ And yn ij yere of his regne fil þe debate þat was betuene þe Lorde Latimer and Syr Raaff Ferers, kniȝt, þat were ayens Hawle & Schakele, squiers, for the prysoner þat was take yn the botayle of Spayngne by þese ij squyers, þe which þe sayde Lorde Latymer and Ser Raaff Ferrers wolde haue had; þe which prysoner was þe Erle of Deene, þat þay toke yn þe batayle of Spayngne. ¶ Wherfore þese ij lordeȝ comyn yn-to Westminster churche, and founde þis on Squier heryng his messe besyde Seint Edwardeȝ schryne; and there þei slow hym þat me callyd Hawle; and Schackele was arestid and put yn-to þe Tour of London; and þere he was long tyme, for he wolde not delyuer þe Erle of Dene, his presoner, vnto þeȝe ij lordeȝ by Ser Aleyn Buxhill, Constable of the tour, and be Ser Raaff Ferrers, one of his aduersaryes, tyll þe tyme þat þe grawnted hym grace.

¶ In the iij^de yere of King Richarde come þe galies of Fraunce yn-to Engelonde, vnto dyuers porteȝ, and brent, & Robbyd, and slow moch pepyll of Engelond, þat is to sey, Wynchilse, Rie, Hastynge, Portesmouth, Hampton, Stormore, & Grauysende, and dede moche harm, and wente hom ayen.

[The Commons' Revolt led by Jack Straw and Wat Tyler.]

And yn þis same yere was a parlement holden at Westminster; and at þat parlement was ordeyned þat euery man, woman & childe, þat were at þe age of xiiij yere & aboue, þorȝout all þe Reme, pore folke & Rich, schulde pay to þe talage iiij d; wherfore come aftirwarde grete myschiff & moche deseȝe to alle communialte of þe Reme. ¶ And yn þe iiij yere of þe regne of King Richarde þe comynes loked vp, & arysyn vp yn dyuers parteȝ of þe Reme, and dede moche harm, þe which þei callid "hurlyng tyme." And þei of Kent & of Essex madyn hem ij cheveteyneȝ to rewle & gouerne þe compayne of Kent & of Essex; þat one me callid Jacke Strawe, and þat oþer, Watte Tyler; and þai comen and assembled ham vpon þe Blake-Heth yn Kent. And apon the Corpus Christi day and after, þei comen doune yn-to Southwerk, and brekyn vp þe prison hous, þat is to wite, þe Kingis Bench, and þe Marchalsy, & delyverde out alle þe prisoners. And so þe same day þei comen yn-to London; and þere they robbyd þe peple, and slowyn alle alyens þat þay myȝt fynde yn þe cyte and aboute þe cite, and despoiled alle her godeȝ, and made havoke. ¶ And on the Fridai [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 111a] next aftir, þat was on þe morowe, thei comyn vnto þe Tour of London; and the king beyng þere-yn, þei sette out of þe Tour þe Archebishop of Caunturbury, Maistir Symond Sudbery, and Ser Robert Haleȝ, Pryour of Saint Johnes, and a Whit Frere þat was confessour vn to King Richarde, and brouȝt ham vnto þe Tour Hill; and þere þay smytyn of her hedys, and comyn ayen to London, & slowyn mo peple of men of lawe, and oþer worthi men yn dyuers parteyeȝ of þe cite. And þanne went þai to the Dukeȝ place of Lancastre, beyonde Saint Mary Stronde, þat was callyd Savoy. ¶ And þere þei deuoured & destroyed al þe godeȝ þat þay myȝt fynde, and bare ham away, and brent vp þe place. And þanne aftir þey went to Seint Johnes without Smythffelde, and destroyed þe godes, & brent vp þat hous, and went to Westminster, and so to Sent Martyneȝ þe Graunt, and made hem go out of

þe sayntwarye, alle þat were þere ynne for eny maner of gryth.

¶ And þanne come vnto þe Temple, and to alle oþer ynneȝ of men of lawe, & dispoyled ham and rebbed ham of her godeȝ, and also taare hir bokis of law; and þai come to London, and brake vp the pryson of Newgate, & droff out alle þe prisoners, felons, & oþir of bothe countres, and alle þe peple þat was with-ynne ham, & destroyed alle þe bokis of bothe countres; and þus þay contynued forth, both Saturday and Sonday, vnto þe Monday next folowyng, yn alle hir malice & wickydnesse. And þanne, on the Monday, King Richard, with his lordeȝ þat were with hym þat tyme, and with þe Meire of London, William Walworth, þe aldermen & þe commyneȝ of þe cite, come yn to Southwerk to here & know þe entencion of þese rebellis and misgouerned pepil. ¶ And þis Iak Staw þanne made on oyes in þe felde, þat alle þe pepyl of accorde schulde come nere, & here his clamour and his crye and his will, and þe lordeȝ, and þe Mayre and þe aldermen, with þe communialte, hauyng indignacion of his Covetise and Falsnesse, and his foule presompcion; and anon William Walworth, þat tyme beyng Mayre, drew out his knyff, and slow Iack Straw, and anon ryȝt þere dede smyȝt of his hed, and sette it vp apon a spereschafte; and so it was bore þouȝ London, & set on high vp on London Brygge. ¶ And anon alle þe rysers and mysgouernyd men were voyded and vanysched, as hit hadde not byn þay. ¶ And þe king, of his grete godenesse, and by prayer of his lordeȝ, made þere vj knyȝtis of gode & worthi men of þe cite of London, þat is, William Walworth—þat tyme was Mayre and slow Iack Straw,—& ijde was Nicholas Brembre, þe iij was John Philyphot, the iiij was Nicholas Twyfford, þe fyffþe was Robert Lawndeȝ, þe vj, Robert Gayton. ¶ And þanne þe king, with his lordeȝ and his knyȝtes, retourned ayen vnto the Tour of London; and þere he restid hym tylle his peple were bettir cecyd, & seet yn

rest and peeȝ. ¶ And þanne, by processe of tyme, as þay myȝt gete and take þeȝe [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 111b] Rebellis & rysers, they hanged ham vp on the next galous yn euery lordesschippe throuȝ þe Reme of Engelond, be xl & be xxx, be x. & be xij., euer as þay myghte be goton & take yn eny parteys.

¶ And yn þe v. yere of King Richardȝ Regne was þe grete Erthe quake; and þat was do generally ovir alle þe worlde,— the Wedynesday afftir Whitsonday, yn the yere after incarnacion of our Lorde Ihesu crist, m ccc. iixxij xj, where-of alle þe peple were sore agast, and drad long tyme aftir, for þe grete vengaunce and grete drede þat our Lorde God schewed and dede.

¶ In þe vj ȝere of his regne, Ser Henri Spenser, Bischop of Northwych, went with a croyserey ouer þe see yn-to þe contre of Flawndreȝ & þere he gate þe towne of Grauenyng, & þe toun of Oldenburgh, Dunkirk, and Newport; and þere þai ladde & fryȝt .Lj. schyppeȝ with peleage for to haue come yn to Engelonde with alle þese schippes and goodis, and þe Bischop of Northwich and his counsel lette brenne þose schippeȝ, with al þe peleage, yn þe same havynne, all yn-to hard asches.

¶ And at Dunkirk was don a grete batayle betuene þe Flemyngeȝ and þe Englisch men; and at þat batayle was slayn a gret multitude of þese Flemyngeȝ, and a passyng noumbre. ¶ And þanne went þe bischop with his retynu vn-to Ipreȝ, and besegid it a long tyme; but it myȝt not be gote, and so he lefte þat sege, and come ayen yn-to Engelond, for our Englischmen were foule destroyed, and mony deied on þe Flyx.

[Anne of Bohemia come to wed Richard II.]

¶ And yn þis same ȝere come Quene Anne yn-to Engelond, for to be spoused vnto King Richard; and hir fadir was Emperour of Almayne, and King of Beeme. And with hir came þe Duk of Tassy and hir vncle, and mony oþer worthi lordeȝ & kniȝtes of hir cuntre of Beeme, and of oþer Duch tungeȝ, to do hir reuerence

and worschip. ¶ And Ser Symond Beuyrley, a worthi Knyȝt of þe Gartyr, & oþer knyȝtis and squyers þat were þe Kingiȝ embassetoures, brouȝt hir yn-to Engelond, and so ferthe to London. ¶ And þe pe[p]le of þe cite, þat is to saye, Mayre & þe Aldermen and alle þe comyneȝ, rydyn ayens hir to welcome hir; and euery man yn gode aray, and euery craft with his Mynstralcye, yn þe best maner, mette with hir on þe Blak-Heth yn Kent, & so brouȝt hir to London þrouȝ þe cite, and so forth yn to Westemystre, vn-to þe kingeȝ palice; and þere sche was spousede vnto King Richard, welle and worthily, yn þe Abbey of Westmynstre; and þere sche was crouned Quene of Engelond; and alle hir frendis þat comyn with hir hadde gret yeftis, and hadde grete chere, and were wel refresched as long tyme as þai abyden here.

¶ And yn þis same yere was a batayle do with-ynne þe kingeȝ Palys at Westmynstre, for certeyne poyntis of treson, betuene Ser Iohn of Ansley, knyȝt, defendaunt, and Karton, Squyere, þe appellaunt; but þis Ser Iohn of Ansley ouyr-come þis Carton, & made hym [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 112a] to yolde hym withynne þe listis, and anon þis Craton (sic) was dispoyled of his harneȝ and drawe out of þe lystis, and so forth to Tyborne; and þere he was hangyd for his falsnesse.

¶ And yn the viij yere of his Regne Ser Edmunde of Langele, Erle of Cawmebrygge, þe kingeȝ vncle, wente vnto Portingale with a Fayre manye of men of armeȝ and archers, yn helpyng & streyngthyng of þe King of Portyngale ayens þe King of Spayngne and his power. and þere þe King of Portyngale hadde þe victory of his Enymyeȝ, þrouȝ help and comfort of our Englysch men. And whanne þat iornay was y do, The Erle of Cawmbrige com hom ayen with his peple yn-to Engelond yn haste; blessid be Gode and his gracious yeft! Amen!

¶ And þis same yere, Kinge Richarde hylde his Cristismesse yn þe Maner of Estham (sic). And þe same tyme, þe King of Ermonye fledde out of his owne londe, and come yn-to Engelond, for to haue socour and help of our King ayens his enymyeȝ, þat hadde dreve hym of his Reme; and so he was brouȝt vn-to þe King to Eltham, þere as þe King hylde his realle feest of Cristismasse; and

þere oure King welcomed hym, and dede hym reuerence & worschip, and commawnded alle his lordeȝ to make hym alle þe chere þat þay cowthe. and þanne he besouȝt the King of grace and help, and of his comfort yn his nede, and þat he myȝt be broȝt ayen yn-to his owne kingedom and londe, for þe Turkeȝ hadde deuoured & destroyed moch parte of his londe; and for drede he fledde, & come hider for socoure and helpe. ¶ And than þe King, hauyng compassion of his gret myschiffe and greuos deseȝe, anon he toke his Counsel, and axed what was best to do. and þai answered and sayde, 'yef it likyd hym to yeue hym eny gode, it were welle ydo: and as towchyng his peple, to Trauayle so fer yn-to out-londeȝ, it were a grete ieparde'; and so þe King yaf hym golde and seluyr, and many richeȝ and iewellis, and betauȝt hym to God; and so he passed ayen out of Engelond.

¶ And yn þis same yere King Richarde, with a ryall power, went yn-to Scotland for to war ayen þe Scottis, for hir Falsnesse and destroccion þat þay hadde do ayens þe English men yn þe Marchis. And þe Scottis come doun for to trete with hym & with his lordeȝ for trewes, as for certeyn yeres; and so oure Kyng and his Counsel graunted hem trewes certeyn yeres vnto her axyng, and our King turned hym hom ayen yn-to Engelonde. ¶ And whanne he was come vnto Yorke, þere he aboode and restyd hym. and þere Ser John Helond, þe Erle of Kentis broþer, slow þe Erlis sone of Staffarde and his heyre with a daggar yn þe cite of Yorke, wherfor the King was sore amoued and grevid, & remevyd fro penneȝ and come to London; and þe Meire and þe Aldermen and þe commyns, with alle þe solempnite þat þay [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 112b] myghte do, rydyn ayens þe King, and brouȝt hym ryally throuȝ the cite, & so forth vnto Westmynstre vnto his owne Palis.

¶ And yn þe ix yere of his regne he hadde a parlement at Westminster, & þere he made ij dukes, and a Markques & v. erleȝ:

þe first þat was mad Duk, was þe Kingeȝ vncle, Ser Edmunde of Langeley and Erle of Caumbrigge; and hym he made Duk of Yorke; and his oþer vncle, Ser Thomas of Wodestoke, þat was Erle of Bokingham, he made Duke of Gloucestre, and Ser Lover, þat was Erle of Oxynforde, he made Marques of Denelyn; and Henry of Bolyngbroke, þe Dukeȝ son of Lancastre, he made Erle of Derby; and Ser Edwarde, þe Dukes sone of York, he made Erle of Ruthlond; Ser John Holande, þat was þe Erle of Kentis brother, he made Erle of Huntyngton; Ser Thomas Mombraye, Erle of Notyngham, & Erle Marchall of Engelond; and Ser Michell of Pole, knyȝt, he made Erle of Suffolke and Chaunceler of Engelond.

¶ And the Erle of the March, at þat same parlement holdon at Westemynstre, yn playne parlement among al þe Lordeȝ and Comyns, was proclaymed Erle of the March, and heyre parant vnto þe croune of Engelonde aftir King Richarde. ¶ The which Erle of the Marche went ouyr see yn-to Irelond vnto his lordeschippeȝ and londeȝ, for the Erle of Marche is Erle of Vlcestre yn Irelonde, and by ryȝt lyne and heritage. and at a Castill of his he lay þat tyme; and þere come apon hym a grete multitude yn buschmentis of wilde Iryschmen, hym for to take and distroye, and he come out ffersly of his Castell with his peple, and manly ffauȝt with ham; and þere he was take, and hew al to pecis, and þere he deied; on whose soule God haue mercy! Amen!

¶ And yn the .x. yere of King Richardeȝ regne, þe Erle of Arundell went to þe see with a grete Naueye of schippeȝ, enarmed with men of armeȝ and gode archers. And as þai come yn to þe brode see, þei mette with þe hole flytte þat come lade with wyne from Rochell; and the wyneȝ were Enymyeȝ godes; and þeron oure Naueye sette apoin ham, and toke ham alle, and brouȝt hym yn to diuers portiȝ and hauons of Engelond, & sum to London: and þere þe myȝte haue hedde a ton of Rochel wyne of þe beste for xxs. of sterlynges; and so we hadde gret chep of wyne prouȝ-out þe Reme at þat tyme, þankyd be God Almyȝty!

How þe .v. lordeȝ arysen at Ratcot brydge, ye schul here. Capitulum ccxl.

And yn þe a.xj yere of King Richardeȝ regne, þe .v. lordeȝ reson at Ratcote brygge, yn destroccyon of the Rebellis þat weryn þat tyme yn alle this Reme. ¶ The first of the .v. lordeȝ was Ser Thomas of Wodestoke, þe Kingis vncle, and Duk of Gloucestre; þe ij was Ser Richarde, Erle of Arundell; þe iij was Ser Richard, Erle of Warwic; þe iiij was Ser Harri Bolyngbroke, Erle of Derby, and þe .v. was Ser Thomas Mouubray, Erle of Notygham. ¶ And þeȝe .v. lordeȝ sawe þe myschif, and mysgouernaunce, and þe Falsnesse of the Kingeȝ counsell; wherfor þai þat were of þe Kingeȝ kounsel chef, ffleddyn out of þis londe ouer þe see, þat is to say, Ser Alisaunder Neuyle, Archebischop of York, Ser Robert le Veere, [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 113a] Marquis of Develyn and Erle of Oxynforde; Ser Michel de la Pole, Erle of Suffolke and Chaunceler of Engelond. and þese iij. lordeȝ went ouyr see, and cam nevir ayen, for there þay deied. And þan þeȝe .v. lordeȝ forsaide maden a parlement at Westmystre, and þere thay tokyn Ser Robert Tresilian, þe Iustiȝe, and Ser Nicholl Brembre, knyȝt an citeȝein of London, and Ser Iohn Salesbury, knyȝt of the Kingis housholde, & Vske, sergeaunt of armeȝ; and mony moo of oþer peple were take and Iuged vnto deth by þe counsel of þese .v. lordeȝ yn hir parlement at Westminster, for treson þat þai put apon ham, to be draw fro þe Tour of London þrouȝ þe cite, and so forth to Tyburne; and þere to be hangyd, and þere her þrotis to be kut; and þus þei were serued, and deiden.

And aftir þat, yn þis same parlement, was Ser Symond of Beverlay, þat was a Knyȝt of þe Garter, and Ser John Beauchamp, knyȝt, þat was Steward of the Kingis housholde, and Ser Iameȝ Berners, were for-Iuged vn-to deth; and þay wer ladd on fote vn-to þe Toure Hille; and þere were her hedis smytyn of, and mony other mo, be þeȝe .v. lordeȝ.

[Jousts in Smithfield, A. D. 1388.]

¶ In þis forsaide parlement, and in þe xij ȝere of King Richardeȝ regne, he let crye and ordeyne generalle Iustiȝe, þat is called a turnement, of lordeȝ, knyȝtis and skquiers. ¶ And þese Iustes & turnement were holden at London in Smithfelde, for alle maner of strayngers, of what londe & cunctre þei were, and þidir þei were riȝt welcome; and to hem and to alle oþer was holden opon housholde and grete ffestis; and also grete yftis were yeue to alle maner of straungers. And þay of the kinges syde were alle of on sute: her cotis, her armyour, scheldeȝ, & her hors & trapure, alle was white hertis, with crowneȝ about her nekkis, and cheyneȝ of golde hangyng þere vp-on, and þe croune hangyng lowe before þe hertis body; þe which hert was þe kingeȝ lyveray þat he yaf to lordeȝ & ladieȝ, knyȝtis and skquiers, for to know his housholde from oþer peple. ¶ And at þis first comyng to her Iustes, xxiiij ladieȝ ladde ȝese xxiiij lordeȝ of þe Garther with cheynys of goolde, and alle yn ȝe same sute of hertis as is afore sayde, from þe Tour on hors bak þrouȝ the cite of London yn-to Smythfelde, þere þe Iustes schulde be do. And þis fest and Iustes was holde general, and to alle þo þat wolde come, of what land or nacion þat euyr he were; and þis was holde duryng xxiiij dayeȝ, of þe kingeȝ owne cost; and þese xxiiij lordeȝ to answere to alle maner of pepil þat wolde come þidir. And þedir come þe Erle of seint Poule of Fraunce, and mony oþer worthi knyȝtes with hym of diuers parteys, fful welle arayed. And out of Holand & Henaude come þe Lorde Ostrenaunde, þat was þe was Dukeȝ sone of Holande, & mony oþer worthi knyȝtes with hym, bothe of Holand & Henaude fulle welle arayede. And whenne þese feste and Iustes was do and endid, þe King þanked þese st[r]ayngers and yaf ham mony grete yeftis; and þanne þei token hir leue of þe King & of oþer lordeȝ and ladeȝ, and went hom ayen yn-to her owne cuntre, with grete loue & moche þanke.

¶ And yn þe xiij yere [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 113b] of King Richardeȝ regne, þer was a

batayle y do yn the Kingis palis at Westmynstre, betwene a skquyer of Nauerne þat was with þe king, and anoþer skquier þat me callid John Walsch, of poyntis of treson þat þis Nauerner put vp-on þis Walsch; but þis Nauerner was ouercome, and yelde hym craunt to his aduersarye, and anon he was dispoyled of his armyour, and draw out of þe palis vnto Tyburne, and þere he was hangyd for his ffalsnesse.

¶ And þe xxiiij yere of þe regne of King Richard, Ser John of Gaunt, Duk of Lancastre, went ouyr se yn-to Spayne,—for to chalenge his ryȝt, þat he hadde be his wifeȝ tytill, vnto þe croune of Spayngne,—with a gret ost of pepil, of men of armeȝ and archers. And he had with hym þe Duchesse, his wyff, and his iij douȝtreȝ, yn-to Sp[a]yne, and ȝere þay weryn a grete while. ¶ And at þe last, þe King of Spayne began to trete with þe Duke of Lancastre, and þay were accorded to-gadir þrouȝ hir boþe counsel, yn þis maner: þat þe King of Spayne schulde wedde þe Dukeȝ douȝter of Lancastre, þat was þe ryȝt heire to Spayne, and schulde yeue to þe Duk of Lancastre golde and seluyr, þat was cast yn-to grete weggeȝ, and mony oþir iewellis, as mony as viij Charietis myȝt carye. ¶ And euery yere aftir, duryng þe lyff of þe Duke of Lancastre and of the Duchesse his wyff, .x. M^l Marke of golde, þe which golde auenture and chargeȝ, þay of Spayne schulde auenture and bryng yerly to Baione to þe Dukes assygneȝ, be surete made. ¶ Also þe Duk of Lancastre maried anoþer of his douȝtres vnto þe King of Portingale þe same tyme. And whanne he hadde do þis, he come hom ayen yn-to Engelond, and þe gode lady his wyff also; but mony a worthi man yn þat viage deid vpon þe Flix.

¶ And yn þe xv yere of King Richardeȝ regne, he hilde his Cristismasse yn ȝe Maner of Wodestoke; and there þe Erle of Penbroke, a yong lorde, & tendir of age, wolde lerne to Iuste with a kniȝt me callid Ser Iohn Saint-Iohn, & redyn to gadir yn þe park of Wodestoke; and þere þis worthi Erle of Pembroke was slayn with þat oþer knightes spere, as he cast hit fro hym whanne

he had cowped; and þus þis gode Erle made þere his ende; for whose dethe þe King and the Quene made moche sorow.

¶ And yn þe xvj yere of Kyng Richard his regne, Iohn Hende beyng þat tyme Maire of London, and Iohn Walworth & Henry Vannere beyng scherreffes of London, þat tyme a bakers man bare a basket of horsbred yn to Flet-strete, toward an ostrye hous; and þere come a yemon of þe Bischoppis of Salysbury, þat was callyd Romayn, and he tok an horsloff out of þe basket of þe baker; and he askyd hym 'whi he dede so.' And þis Romayn turned ayen, and brak þe bakers hedde; and neyboureȝ come out, and wolde haue restid þis Romayne; and he brak from ham and fledde yn-to þe lordeȝ place. and þe counstablis wolde haue hadde hym out; but þe Bischoppeȝ men schitte þe ȝatis fast, and kept þe place þat no man myȝte entre. And þanne moch more pepil gadryd þedir, & saide þat 'þai wolde haue hym out, or ellis þei wolde brenne vp þe place, and alle [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 114a] that were with-ynne.' ¶ And þanne come þe Maire and Schereffeȝ, with oþir myche pepill, and cecid þe malice of þe comyneȝ, and made euery man go hom to his hous, and kepe þe peeȝ. ¶ Thanne þeȝ Romaynes lorde, þe Bischop of Salusbery, Ser Iohn Waltam (þat was þat tyme treserer of Engelond) went to Ser Thomas Arundel, Archebischop of York, and also Chaun[ce]ler of Engelonde, and to hym made his complaynt vpon þe peple of þe cite of London. ¶ And þanne þeȝe ij Bischopeȝ, of grete malice and vengeaunce, comyn vnto the King to Wyndesore, and made a grete complaynte vpon the Maire and the Schereffes; and anon aftirward alle þe cite was before þe King and his consel, and þai cast vn-to ham a greuous herte, and wondir grete malice. ¶ And anon sodenly þe King sent for þe Maire of London & for þe ij scherreffeȝ; and þai cam to hym to þe Castell of Wyndesore. And þe King rebukyd þe Maire and þe scherreves fulle foule, for þe offens þat þai hadde do ayens hym & his officers, yn his chaumbir of London. ¶ Wherfore he deposid & put out the Mayre of

London and þe ij Scherreveȝ; and þis was don xiiij dayeȝ afore þe Fest of saint Iohn the Baptist. ¶ And þanne þe King callyd to hym a kniȝt þat me called Ser Edward Valyngrigge, and made hym warden and gouernoure of þe cite, & Chaumbyr of London, and ouyr alle his pepil þereynne; and so he kept þat office but iiij wokis, because he was so tendir and gentill vn-to þe ceteȝens of London; wherfore þe King deposyd hym, and made Ser Bawdewyn Radyngton, knyȝt, þat was Countroller of þe Kingis Housholde, wardeyne and gouernoure of his chaumbyr, and of his peple þerynne;; and chese vnto hym to worthi men of þe cite to be Schereviȝ with hym, for to gouerne & kepe þe kingeȝ laweȝ yn the cite; & on me called Gylbert Maghfelde, and þat oþer, Thomas Newenton, And þeȝe iij gode men hadde þe gouernaunce of þe cite vn-to þe tyme of þe Maires eleccion þanne next, þat was called William Stawnden; And þis Gilbert Maghfelde & Thomas Newneton, schereff. ¶ And þanne þe Mayre & þe ij schirreveȝ, and alle þe aldermen, with alle þe worthi craftis of London, went on fote vn to þe Tour; and þere came out þe Counstable of þe Tour, and yaff þe Maire and þe Schereveȝ her othe, and charge, as þay scholde haue take yn the Chequer at Westmynstre yn þe Kingeȝ Court of his Iustiȝes & Barons of the sayde Cheker; and þanne went thay whom ayenne.

¶ And þanne þe King and his Counsel, for grete malice of þe Cite of London, and despite, remevid alle his Courteȝ fro Westmynstre vn-to þe cete of Yorke, þat is to say, þe Chauncerie, þe Cheker, þe Kingeȝ Bench, and also þe Comyn Place, and þere þay hilde alle her Courtis of Law fro mydsomer vn-to þe fest of Cristismesse next comyng. ¶ And þanne þe King & his counsel sawe it not so profitable þere, as it was at London; þanne anon he [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 114b] removid hit ayen to London, and so to Westmynstre, for gret ese of his officers and avauntage of þe King and of alle þe comyns of þe Reme.

¶ And whenne þe peple of London sawe & knew þat þese

courtis were come ayen, and þe King and his peple also, þanne þe Maire and þe Aldermen, with þe Cheff comyns, let gadir a grete summe of goolde of alle þe comyns of the cite, & ordeyned & made grete rialte ayens his comyng to London, for to haue his grace and gode lordeschip, and also her liberteis and Frauncheȝes graunted vnto ham ayen as þai afore tyme hadde. And þann, by grete instaunce and praier of Quene Anne, and of oþer lordeȝ and ladeȝ, þe King graunted hem grace: and þis was do at Schene yn Sothereye. ¶ And þan þe King with-ynne ij dayeȝ aftir, com to London; and þe Maire of London, schereueȝ, aldremen, and alle þe worthi cite aftirward, redyn ayens þe King yn gode araye vnto þe heth on þis syde þe maner of Schene, submittyng humyly hem self, and mekely, with almaner of obeysaunceȝ vn-to hym, as þay owed to do. And þus þai brouȝt þe King and þe Quene to London. ¶ And whanne þe King come to þe gate of &;te Brygge of London, þere þay presentid hym with a mylke-white stede, sadelled and brydilled, & trapped with white cloth of golde and red parted togadir, and þe Quene a palfraye alle white, trappid yn þe same aray with white and rede, and þe conditeȝ of London Ronnen white wyne and rede, for al maner pepill to drynke of. ¶ And betuene Seint Pouleȝ and the Cros yn Chepe, þere was made a stage, a ryalle, stondyng vpon hygh; a[n]d þerynne were mony angelis, with dyuers melodieȝ and songe; and an aungell come doun fro þe stage on high, by a vice, and sette a croune of golde & precious stoneȝ & perles apon þe Kingeȝ hed, and anoþer on the Queneȝ hed; and so the citezenys brought þe King and þe Quene vnto Westmynstre, yn-to his palice at Westmynstre, & presentyd hym with ij basyns of syluyr, & ovirgilte, fulle of coyned golde, the summa of xx m^l li, prayng hym, of his mercy and lordschip and specialle grace, þat þay myȝt haue his gode loue, and liberteeȝ & Frauncheȝes like as þay hadde before tymeȝ, and by his lettreȝ

patenteȝ confermed. ¶ And þe Quene, and oþer worthi lordeȝ & ladieȝ, ffillyn on hir kneys, and besouȝt þe King of grace to conferme þis. Thanne þe King toke vp þe Quene, and grauntyd hir alle hir askyng, and þanne þei þanked þe King and þe Quene and went home ayene.

¶ And yn þe xvij yere of his regne, certeyne lordeȝ of Scotlande com yn-to Englonde to gete worschip, as by feet of armeȝ: þese were þe persons: þe Erle of Marre, and chalanged the Erle Marchall of Engelonde to Iuste with hym certeyn poynteȝ on horsbak with scharpe speris. And so þai redyn togadir, as ij worthi knyȝtis & lordes, certayne cours, but not þe fulle chalange þat þe Scottysche Erle made; for he was cast both hors and man, and ij of his rybbis brokyn with þe ffalle; and so he was born out of Smythfelde, hom yn-to his Inne; and with-ynne a litil while aftirward he was caried homwarde yn a liter; & atte York he deied. ¶ And Ser William Darell, knyȝt, and banerrer of Scotland, made anoþer chalange with Sire [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 115a] Piers Courteneye, knyȝt; and þe Kinges banerrer of Engelonde, of certeyne courseȝ hit on horsbak yn þe same ffelde. ¶ And whanne he hed y rede certeyne cours hit, and saw he myȝt not haue þe bettyr, yaf it ouyr, and wolde no more of his chalang, and turned his hors and rode hom vnto his owne in. And one Kocborne, squier, of Scotland, chalanged Sir Nicholl Hawberke, knyȝt, of certeyne cours, hit with scharp speris on horsbak; and redyn .v. cours hit togadir; and att euery cours þe Scotte was cast doun, both hors and man; and þus our Englisch lordeȝ—þankyd be God!—had þe felde.

¶ And yn þe xviij yere of King Richardeȝ regne, deied þe gode gracious Quene Anne, þat was wiff to King Richarde, yn þe maner of Schene, yn þe schire of Surreie, vp-on Whitsonday. þanne was sche broȝt to London, and so to Westmynstre; and þere was sche y beryed and worthily entered, besyde saint Edwardeȝ schryne; on whose soule Almyȝti God haue mercy and pite! amen!

How King Richarde spoused dame Isabell, þe Kingis douȝtir of Fraunce, yn the towne of Caleys, and brouȝt hir yn-to Engelond, and let croune hir Quene yn þe Abbey of Saint Petris of Westmynstre. Capitulum ccxlj.

In þe xxti yere of King Richardeȝ regne, he went ouyr se to Caleys, with dukis, Erlis, lordis, and Barons, and mony oþer worthi squyers, yn grete aray, and comyn pepil of þe Reme yn gode aray, as longith to such a worþi king and prynce, of his nobley to do hym reverence and obseruaunce, as owed to be do to hir liege lorde, and so myȝty a King and Emperour yn his owne, to abyde and resceyve there þat worthi & gracious lady þat schulde be his wif, a yong creature of ix yere of age, Dame Isabell, þe Kingis douȝtir of Fraunce, and mony worthi lordiȝ of grete name, bothe Barons and knyȝtis, with moche oþer pepil þat comen vn to þe toun of Grauenyng, and ij Dukis of Fraunce: þat on was þe Duk of Burgoyne, and þat oþer, Duk of Barre, þat wolde no firþer lasse þanne þey hadde pleggeȝ for ham. And þanne King Richarde delyuered ij pleggeȝ for ham to goo saaf and come saaf: his ij worthi vncleȝ, þe Duk of Glowcestre and þe Duk of York. And þei ij went ouer þe watir of Grauenyng, & abiden þere as for pleggeȝ, vnto þe tyme þat þe Maryage and þe fest were do. ¶ And þanne þeȝe ij worthi Dukis of Fraunce come ovir þe water at Grauenyng, and so to Caleis, with þe worschepful lady, Dame Isabell, þe Kingis douȝtir of Fraunce. And with hir come mony a worthi lorde and lady, knyȝtis and squyers, yn þe best aray þat myȝt be; and þere þai mette with our meyne at Caleys, þe which welcomyd hir and hir meyne with þe grettest honour and reuerence þat myȝt be, and so brouȝt hir to Caleys toun. And þere sche was resceyvid with alle þe solempnite and worschip þat myȝt be do vnto such a lady. And þanne þei brouȝt hir vnto þe King; and þe King toke hir, and welcomed hir and alle hir fayr mayne, and made þere alle þe solempnite [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 115b] þat myȝt be do. ¶ And þanne þe King and his counsel axed of the Frensche lordeȝ whethir alle þe conauntes and

forwardeȝ, with þe composicion þat were ordeyned and made on bothe parteys, schulde be trewly kept and holde betwene hem; and þai sayde "ye"; & þere þay sworon and token hir charge apon a boke, and toke hir oth welle and trewli it to holde yn alle maner poyntis and couenauntes, without contradiccion or delay yn euery maner wyse. And þanne was sche brouȝt to Seint Nicholas chirch yn Calis; and þere sche was worthili weddyd, with þe moste solempnite þat eny king or quene myȝt haue, with archebischoppes and Bischopeȝ, and alle mynystreȝ of holy churche. ¶ And þanne were þai brouȝt hom vnto þe Castell, and set to mete, and þere were serued with alle maner of delicaceȝ of alle riall metis and drynkis plenteuously, to alle maner of strayngoureȝ and al oþer. And no creature warned þat Fest, but alle were welcome; for þere were grete halys & tentis sette vp on þe grene without þe castell, for to resceyue alle maner of peple, and euery office redy to serue ham alle; and þus þis worthi mariage was solemli do and ended with alle ryalte.

¶ Thanne þese ij Dukys of Fraunce, with hir peple, tokon hir leue of þe King and Quene, and went ayen to Grauenyng watir; and þere þe Frensch lordeȝ, þat is to say, þe ij Dukis & hir meyne, were comen ovir þe watir of Grauenyng, & þere þay mette, & euerych toke leue of oþer; and so þai departed, and our lordeȝ come ayen to Caleys, and þe Frensch lordeȝ went hom ayen yn-to Fraunce.

And anon aftir, þe King made hym redy with þe Quene and alle his lordeȝ and oþer pepil with ham, & comyn ouyr þe see yn-to Engelond, and so to London, and þe Maire and þe Schereveȝ, with al þe aldermen and worthi comyneȝ, ryden ayens ham vnto þe Blacke-Heþ yn Kent; & þere þay mettyn with þe King and þe Quene, and welcomyd ham, and þat yn gode aray, and euery man in his cloþing of his crafte, and her mynstrelles to-fore ham; and so þay brouȝ ham to Saint Georgeȝ Barre yn Southwerke; and þere

hy tokyn hir leue, and þe King and þe Quene redyn to Kenyngton; and þanne þe peple of London turned hom ayen. And yn turnyng ayen to London brygge, þere was so moche prees both on fote & on hors, þat þere were ded on þe brygge a xj personeȝ of men, wymmen & chyldryn: on whose souleȝ God haue mercy! amen! ¶ And þanne aftirward þe Quene was brouȝt to the Tour of London, and þere sche was al nyȝt. And on þe morowe sche was brouȝt þrouȝ þe Cete of London, and so forth to Westmynstre, & þere sche was crouned Quene of Engelonde. þan was sche brouȝt ayen yn-to the Kingis Palis, and þere was holde an opon & a ryall Fest after hir coronacion, for al maner peple þat þedir come: and þus was do þe Sonday afftir þe Fest of seint Clement, in þe xx yere of King Richardeȝ regne.

And þan, þe xxv day of august next folouyng, be euyl excitacion & ffals counsel, & for grete wrathe [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 116a] and malice þat he had of olde tyme vnto his vncle, þe gode Duke of Gloucester, and to þe Erle of Arundel, & to þe Erle of Warwic, ¶ The King, by is euylle counsell, late yn the Euenyng on þe same day aboue saide, made hym redy with his streynthe, and rode yn-to Essex vnto þe toune of Chelmesforde, and so come to Plassche sodenly, þere Ser Thomas of Wodestoke, þe gode Duk of Gloucestre, lay. And þe gode Duk come anon to welcome þe King; and þe King hym self arestid þe gode Duke; and so he was ladde doun to þe water, and anon put yn to a schippe, and had vnto Caleis, and brouȝt vnto capteynys warde, to be kept yn holde be þe Kinges commaundement of Engelond: ¶ And þat tyme þe Erle Marchal of Engelond was capten of Caleis. ¶ And anon aftir, be commaundement of þe King and of his fals Counsel, commaunded þe capten to put hym to deth. ¶ And anon certeyn yemen þat had þe gode Duk yn kepyng, tooke her counsel how þei wolde put hym to deth; and þis was her poyntment: þat þai schulde come vpon hym whanne he were yn bedde, and aslepe on a Fetherbed. And anon þei bonde hym honde and foot, & chargid hym to ly

stylle; and whanne þai hadde þis do, þe tokyn ij smale tewellys, and made on ham rydyng knottis, and caste þe tewellys aboute þe Dukis nek: and þanne þei token þe fetherbed þat lay vnder hym, and cast hit aboue hym; and þan þei drowen her towellis eche wayeȝ; and sum lay vpon þe fethir bed apon hym, vnto þe tyme þat he were ded, because þat he schulde make non noyse. And þus þei strangled þis worthi Duk vn[to] the deth, on whose soule God, for his pite, haue merci! Amen! ¶ And whenne þe King hadde arestid þis worthi Duke, and his owne vncle, and sent hym to Caleis, he come ayen to London yn alle hast, with a wondir grete peple. And as he was come, he sent for the Erle of Arundel and for the gode Erle of Warwic; and anon as þay cam, he arestid ham his owne self. Sir Iohn Cobham & Ser Iohn Cheyny, knyȝtis, he arestid also yn þe same wyse, til he made his parlement; & anon þei were put ynto holde. But þe Erle of Arundel went at large vnto þe parlement tyme, for he founde sufficient surete to abyde þe lawe, & al maner of answere at þe poynteȝ þat þe King & his Counsel wolde put vp on hym.

Off þe grete parlement, and of þe deth of þe Erle of Arundell; and how þe Erle of Derby and oþer were exiled, and þe sayde Erle come ayen ynto þis londe; and how King Richarde went ynto Irelond, and how he deide. Capitulum ccxlij.

And yn the xxj yere of King Richardeȝ regne, he ordend a parlement at Westmynstre, þe which was clepid 'þe Grete Parlement'; and this parlement was made for to iugge þese iij worthi lordeȝ and oþer moo, as ham lust at þat tyme. ¶ And for þat iugement þe king let make in alle hast a long and a large hous of tymbir, The which was called an hale, and couered with tyleȝ ouyr; and it was opun al aboute on bothe sydeȝ, and at þe endis, þat al maner of men myȝt se þrouȝout; and þere þe dome was holden [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 116b] vpon þese forsaide lordeȝ, and Iugement yeue at this forsaide parlement. ¶ And for to come to þis parlement þe King sent his writtis vnto

euery lorde, Baron, kniȝt and squier, in euery schire þrouȝout Engelond; and þat euery lorde schulde grade and bryng his retynu of peple with hym, yn as schort tyme and the best aray þat þay myȝt gete, in maynteynyng and streyngthyng of þe King ayens ham þat were his enymys, and þat þis were do yn alle haste, and þei to come to hym yn peyne of deth. ¶ And þe kyng hym self sent ynto Chestirschire, vnto þe Chefteynes of þat cuntre, and þay gagred and brouȝt a grete and an huge multitude of peple, bothe of knyȝtis & of Squyers, & prynspally of yemen of Chestreschire, þe which yemen and archers þe Kyng toke yn-to his owne court, & yaf ham bothe boge of court and gode wageȝ, to be kepers of his owne body, both be nyȝt and be day, above alle oþer persons, and most ham loued & best trust. ¶ The which sone aftirwarde turned þe King to gret losse, schame, hyndryng, and his vttirly vndoyng and destroccion, as ye schalle here sone aftirward.

¶ And þat tyme come Ser Henry, Erle of Derby, with a grete meyne of men of armeȝ and archers; and þe Erl of Ruthlande come with a strong pouer of peple, bothe of men of armeȝ and archers; and the Erle of Kent brouȝt with hym a grete power of men of armeȝ and archers; The Erle Marchalle come yn þe same wyse; The Lord Spenser yn the same maner; The Erle of Northombirlond and Ser Harry Peercy his sone, & Ser Thomas Perci, þe Erleȝ broþer; & alle þeȝe worthi lordiȝ brouȝtyn a fayre mayne and a strong power, & ech man yn his best aray; And þe Duk of Lancastre and þe Duk of York comyn yn þe same maner with men of armeȝ and archers, folouyng þe King; and Ser William Scrop, Tresorer of Engelonde, come yn þe same maner. ¶ And þus, yn þis aray, comyn alle þe worthi men of þis londe vnto our King; and alle þis peple come to London yn on day, yn so moche þat euery strete & lane yn London & yn þe sowthbarbeȝ weren fulle of ham logged, and .x or xij myle about London euery way. And þis pepil brouȝt þe King to Westmynstre, and went hom ayen vnto hir loggynge, bothe hors & man. ¶ And þan on þe Monday, þe xvij day of Septembre, þe parlement began at Westminster, þe which was clepyd "þe grete parlement"; and on þe Fryday next ffolowyng, þe Erle of Arundel was brouȝt yn-to parlement

among alle þe lordeȝ,—and þat was on saint Matheweȝ day þe Apostyll & euaungelist,—& þere was foriuged vnto the deth in þis hale, þat was made yn þe palis at Westmynstre. And þis was his Iugement: he scholde go on fote, with his handeȝ ybounde be-hynde hym, from þe place þat he was foriuged ynne, and so forthe þrouȝ þe cite of London vnto þe Toure hyll, and there his hed to be smetyn of; and so it was do yn dede yn þe same place. ¶ And vj. of þe grete lordeȝ þat sat on his Iugement redyn with hym vnto þe [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 117a] place there he was do vnto deth. And to se þat þe execussion were ydo aftir his dome, and by the þe Kingis commaundement went with hem on fote men of armeȝ and archers, a grete multitude of Chestirschire men yn streyngthyng of the lordeȝ þat brouȝt þis erle vnto his deth, for þai draddyn þat þe erle schulde haue be rescued and take fro ham, whanne þay come yn-to London. ¶ Thus he passed forth þurgh þe cite vnto his deth; and þere he toke it full paciently; on whose soul God haue mercy! amen! ¶ And þanne come þe frere Austyns, and toke vp the body and þe hed of þis gode Erle, and bare it whome yn-to hir hous, and buryed hym yn hir quere. ¶ And yn þe morow aftir, was Ser Richarde, Erle of Warwic, brouȝt yn-to þe parlement, þere as þe Erle of Arundel was foriuged; and þai yaf þe Erle of Warwic þe same Iugement þat þe forsaide erle hadde; but þe lordeȝ had compassion on hym because he was of grete age, and relecyd hym to perpetuall pryson, and put hym yn-to þe Ile of Man. ¶ And þanne the Mondaye next aftir, þe lorde Cobban of Kent, Ser Iohn Cheyne, knyȝt, were broȝt yn-to þe parlement, yn-to þe same hale; and þere þay were Iugid to be hangyd & draw; but, þrouȝ þe prayer and grete Instaunce of alle þe lordeȝ, þat Iugement was foryeue ham, and relecyd to perpetual prison.

¶ And þis same tyme was Richard Whityngton, Meyre of London; and Iohn Wodekoc and William Askam, schereveȝ of London; and þai ordeined, at euery yate and yn euery warde, strong wacche of men of armeȝ and of archers, and prinspally at euery yate at London, duryng þis same parlement.

¶ The King at þis parlement made .v. Dukis, a Duchasse, & a Markeȝ, & iiij Erleȝ; & þe first of ham was þe Erle of Derby, & he was made Duke of Hereforde; and þe ij was þe Erle of Ruthland, and he was made Duke of Awmarle; þe iij was þe Erle of Kent, & he was made Duke of Surreye; and þe iiij was þe Erle of Hontyngton, and he was made Duke of Excestre; and þe .v. þe Erle of Notyngham, and he was made Duke of Norfolk; and þe Erle of Somersete was made þe Markeys of Dorset; & the Lord Spenser was made Erle of Gloucestre, and þe Lorde Neuyle of Rabye was made of Erle of Westmerland; & Ser Thomas Percy was made Erle of Worscetir, and Ser William Scrope, þat was Treserer of Engelonde, he was made Erle of Salysburye. ¶ And whanne þe King had þis do, he helde at þe parlement a rial ffest vnto all his lordeȝ; and to al maner of pepil þat þidir wolde come.

¶ And yn þe same yere deyed Ser Iohn of Gaunt, þe Kingeȝ vncle, & Duke of Lancastre, yn the bischoppeȝ In yn Holborn, and was brout fro þenneȝ to Saint Pouleȝ and þere þe King made & hilde his terement welle & worthily with all his lordeȝ, and þere he was beryed besyde Dame Blaunch his wiff, þat was douȝtur & heyre to þe gode Henry, þat was Duke of Lancastre.

[The Fight between Bolingbroke and Norfolk stopt.]

¶ And yn the same yere þer fil a discencyon and a debate betuene þe Duk of Herford & þe Duke of Norfolke, yn so moche þat þay waged batayle & cast doun her gloues; & þanne þey [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 117b] were take vp and seled, and the day & þe place of batayle assygned at Couyntre. and þedir come þe King and alle his lordeȝ at þat day, and was sette yn þe ffelde; and þan þeȝe ij worthi lordeȝ comyn yn to þe ffelde, clene armed and wel arayed with alle her wepon, and redy to do her batayle, and were yn the place redy to fiȝt at þe vttrest. ¶ But þe King bade hem cese, and tok þe quarel yn-to his honde, and forthwith, þere present, exiled þe Duk of Herforde for þe terme of .x. yere, and þe Duke of Northfolk for evyrmore;

and Ser Thomas Arundel, Archebischop of Caunterbury, was exiled þe same tyme for evyr, and deposed of his ssee, for malice of þe King. ¶ And anon þese iij worthi lordeȝ were commaunded and defendid þe Kinges Reme; & anon þay gat hem schippeȝ at dyuers hauens, and went ouer þe see ynto dyuers londeȝ, eche his way; & þe Duk of Northfolke went to Veniȝe, and þere he deied: on whose soule God haue mercye! amen!

¶ And þanne King Richarde made Ser Roger Walden, a clerke of his, Archebischop of Caunterbury.

¶ And yn þe xxij yere of King Richardeȝ regne, be fals counsel and ymaginacion of ffals men and couetous þat were aboute hym, were made & ordeyned blank Chartureȝ, and made ham to be selid of alle maner of riche men þrouȝout þe Reme, in-so-moche þat þai compellid dyuers pepill to sette to her seeleȝ; and þis was so for gret couetiȝe; wherfore alle þe gode hertis of þe Reme clene turned away fro hym euyr eftir, and þat was vtturli destroccion & ende of hym þat was so hygh and so excellent a king, þrough couetyse and fals counsel: Alas, for pite, þat such a king myȝt not se!

¶ And þanne King Richarde sette his kingdom and his riall londe to fferme of Engelond, vnto iiij personeȝ, þe which were þese, Sir William Scrope, Erle of Wilschire & Treserer of Engelond, Ser Iohn Busch, Henry Grene, and Ser Iohn Bagot, knyȝtes; þe whiche turned hem to moche myschef and deth with-ynne a lytil tyme aftir, as ye schal here wretyn sone aftir.

[Richard II's Expedition to Ireland.]

¶ Thanne King Richarde made gret ordynaunce, and went ouyr see Into Irelond, and mony grete lordeȝ with hym, with grete ostes, for to streyngthe hir king, as men of armeȝ, archers, and moche grete stuff & riȝt gode ordynaunce, as longith to warre. ¶ And or he passid þe see, he ordeyned and made Ser Edmunde of Langeley his vncle, Duk of York, his Lieutenaunt of Engelond

yn his absence, be þe gouernaunce & counsel of þese iiij knyȝtis þat had take Engelonde to ferme of the King. ¶ And þanne he passed þe see, and come ynto Irelonde, and þere he was welle and worthily resceyved. And þese rebellis of Ireland bith callid 'wilde Irisch men'; and anon her chefteyneȝ & hir gouernoures & leeders comyn doun vnto þe King, & yolde ham vnto hym, bothe body & godeȝ, alle at his owne wille, & swore to be his lige men, and þer-to dede to hym homage & feaute, and gode seruiȝe; & þus he conqueryd [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 118a] þe moste party of Irelond yn a litil tyme.

[The Return of Bolingbroke.]

¶ While þat King Richard was þus yn Irelonde, Ser Henry of Bolingbroke, Erle of Derby, þat þe king hadde made before Duk of Herforde—þe which Duk, þe King had exiled out of þis lande— was come ayen yn-to Engelond, for to chalange þe Duchery of Lancastre as for riȝt & trewe heritage. ¶ And he come doun out of Fraunce by londe to Calis, and þere mette hym Ser Thomas of Arundel, þat was Archebischop of Caunturbury, þat was exiled out of Engelond; and with hym come þe Erle of Arundell sone, & his heire, þe which was yn warde and yn kepyng of Ser Iohn Selly, kniȝt, sum tyme with þe Erle of Huntyngton, and with þe Duk of Excestre, þe which was yn the Castell of Rygate yn Suthsex; and þere he stale away from Shelly, & come to Caleys; & þere he was kept welle and worthily til þis oþer ij lordeȝ were come to Caleys. ¶ And þan þis worthi Duk, & þe Archebischop of Caunturbury, Arundel, schippid yn þe hauene of Caleis, and drow his cours Norþewarde, and arryued yn Yorkschyre, Rauensporne, fast by Brydlyngton; and þere he come, and entrid þe londe, & þese ij lordeȝ with hym, and hir meyne. And þanne moche pepil of the Reme, þat wist of his comyng and where he was, anon drowyn to hym, and welcomyd þese lordeȝ, and socurred hym yn alle maner þyngis, and passed forth yn the londe, and gadryd myche peple.

¶ And whanne King Richard wist of þis, & herde þat þese ij lordeȝ were come ayen yn-to Engelonde, and were londed, þanne

þe King left alle his ordynaunce yn Irelonde, and come yn-to Engelondewarde yn alle þe hast þat he myȝte, & come yn-to þe Castell of Flynt; and þere he abode for to take his counsell, and what myght best be do; but to hym common. ¶ And þanne Ser Thomas Percy, Erle of Worcestre, þat was þe Kingis Steward, when he wist and knew þis, anon he com yn-to the halle among alle þe pepil, and þere he brake þe yerd of þe Rial Kingis housholde; and euery man went his way, and forsoke his maistir & souereyne lorde, and left hym alone: and þus was King Richard brouȝt adoun and destroyed, and stode alle alone, without counsel, confort & socour of eny man. Allas! for pite of þis ryal King!

¶ And anon come tydyngeȝ þat Harry of Bolyngbroke was vp with a strong power of pepill, and þat alle þe Schyreveȝ of Engelond reysed vp þe Schires yn streyngthing of hym ayens King Richard; and þus sone he was come out of þe Northcuntre to Bristow, and þere he mette with Ser William Scrope, Erle of Wilschire and Tresorer of Engelond, and with Ser Iohn Busch and Ser Henry Grene, and Iohn Bagot, but he ascapyd from hym, and went ouer þe see In-to Irelonde; & þeȝe oþer ij knyȝteȝ were take, and her hedis smytyn of; & þus þei deied for her fals couetiȝe.

¶ And þanne was King Richard y take, & brouȝt vnto þe Duk; and anon þe Duk put hym y[n] saff warde and strong holde, vnto his comyng to London. ¶ And þanne was þere a Rumore yn London, [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 118b] and a strong noyse, þat King Richarde was come to Westmynstre; and the pepil of London ranne þider, and wolde haue don moche harm and scathe yn hir wodnesse, ne hadde þe Mayre and þe aldermen, and oþer worthi men, cecid ham with faire wordes, and turned hem hom ayen vnto London. ¶ And þere was Ser Iohn Slake, Dene of the Kingeȝ chapel of Westmynstre, take, and brouȝt to London, and put yn Ludgate; and Bagot was take yn Irelonde, and brouȝt to London, & put yn prisone yn Newgate, þere to be kept and abide his answere.

¶ And sone aftir, þe Duk brouȝt King Richard pryuyly to London, and put hym yn the Tour, vndir sure kepyng as a prisoner. And þanne come þe lordeȝ of the Reme, with alle hir counsel, vnto þe Tour to King Richard and saide to hym of his mysgouernaunce and extorcion þat he hadde do, maade, and ordeyned, to oppresse alle þe comyn pepil, & also alle þe Reame; wherfore al þe comyn peple of his Reme wolde haue hym deposed of his kingdom; and so he was deposyd at þat tyme in þe Tour of London by alle his lordeȝ counsel, and by the common assent of al þe Reme. ¶ And þan he was put fro þe Tour vnto þe castel of Ledis yn Kent, and þere he was kept a while; and þan was he hadde fro þenneȝ vnto þe kastell of Pomfret in þe Northcuntre, to be kept yn pryson; and sone aftirward riȝt þere he made his ende.

¶ Whanne King Richarde was deposed, and hadde resyngned his croune and his kingdom, and hym self kept fast yn holde, þan alle þe lordeȝ of þe Reme, with þe comyns assent, and by one accorde, chosyn þis worthi lorde, Ser Henry of Bolyngbroke, Erle of Derby, Duk of Herford and Duke of Lancastre be riȝt lyne and heritage; and for his myȝtful manhode þat þe peple founde yn hym, before al oþer þei choson hym, & made hym King of Engelonde.

Of Ser Henry of Bolingbroke, Erle of Derby, þat regned aftir King Richarde, þe which was þe fourth Henry after þe Conqueste. Capitulum ccxliij.

And aftir Kinge Richarde þe secunde was deposed and put out of his kingdom, þe lordeȝ & þe comyns, alle with on assent, and alle oþer worthi of þe Reme, chosyn Ser Henry of Bolyngbroke, Erle of Derby, sone & heyre of Iohn a Gaunt, Duke of Lancastre, for his worthi manhode þat ofte tyme hadde be founde yn hym, and yn dede previd; vpon Saint Edwardeȝ Day þe Confessoure, he was crouned King of Engelond at Westmynstre, by alle þe Remys assent, next aftir deposyng of King Richard. ¶ Thanne he made Henry, his eldist sone & his heire, Prynce of Walis, Duk of Cornewayle, and Erle of Chestre; and he made Ser Thomas of Arundel, Archebischop of Caunturbury ayen, as he was before;

and Ser Roger Walden, that King Richard had made Archebischop of Caunturbury, he made Bischop of London, for þat time it stode voyde; and he made þe Erleȝ sone of Arondel, that come ouer the see with him from Caleys into Englond, he made him Erle of Arundall, and put hym yn possession of alle his londeȝ; and þere he made homage and feaute unto his liege lorde þe King, as alle oþer lordeȝ hadde do.

¶ And þanne anon deied King Richard in þe castell of Pountfret yn the Northcuntre, for þere he was enfammed vnto the deth be his keper, for he was kept into iiij or v. dayeȝ fro mete and drynke; and so he made is ende yn þis worlde. Yet moche pepil yn Engelond and yn oþir [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 119a] landeȝ saide þat he was alyue meny yereȝ aftir his deth; but wheþer he were a lyue or ded, þei hilde hir fals opynyons and beleue þat þay hadde; and moche pepil aftirward comyn to myschif and to foule deth, as ye schulle here aftirwarde. ¶ And whanne King Henry wist and knew warly þat he was ded, he lete sere hym yn þe best maner þat he myȝte, and closed hym yn lynnyn cloth, alle saue his visage, and þat was left opon þat men myȝt se and know his person from alle oþer men; and so he was bought to London with torchis lyȝt brennyng vnto Saynt Pouleȝ, and þere he hadde his masse and his dirige, with moche reverence and solempnite of seruiȝe. ¶ And fro Pouleȝ was brouȝt ynto þe Abbey of Westmynstre, and þere hadde alle his hole seruiȝe ayen; and fro Westmynstre he was ladd ynto Langeley, and þere he was beryed: on whose soule God haue mercy! Amen!

¶ And yn þe first yere of King Henryeȝ regne he hilde his Cristismasse yn þe Castell of Wyndesore; and on þe twelfthe evyn come þe Duke of Awmarle vnto þe King, and tolde hym þat he & þe Duk of Surrey, þe Duk of Excestre, þe Erle of Salusbury, þe Erle of Gloucestre, & oþir moo of her afinite, were accorded to make a mummyng vnto þe King on xijthe day at nyght; and þere þay cast to sle þe King yn hir revelyng; and þus þat Duke warned þe King. And þanne þe King come þe same

nyȝt to London priuili, yn alle þe hast þat he myȝte, to gete hym helpe, socoure, comfort & counsel. And anon þeȝe oþer, þat wolde haue do þe King to deth, ffleddyn yn alle þe haste þat þei mȝghte, for þei knewen welle þat her counsel was bewrayed. ¶ And þanne fled þe Duke of Surrey, and þe Erle of Salusberye with alle hir meyne, vnto þe toun of Siscetre; and þere þe pepil of þe toun wolde haue arestid ham; and þey wolde not stonde to her arest, but stodyn at her defence, & fauȝt manly; but at þe laste þey were ouercome and take; and þere þei smote of þe Dukes hed of Surrey, and þe Erleȝ hed of Salusbury, & mony oþer moo; & þere þay putte þe quarters in sackys, and her hedeȝ on poleȝ born on hy, and so þei were brouȝt þrouȝ þe cite of London vnto London brygge; and þere her hedeȝ were sette vp an hy, & her quarters were sent to oþer gode touneȝ and citeȝ, and set vp þere.

¶ At Oxynforde were take Ser Thomas Blount, knyȝt, Benet Sely, knyȝt, and Thomas Wyntirsell, squyer; and þese were behedid & quarterd; & the knyȝtes hedis were sette on poleȝ & brouȝt to London, & sette on London brygge, and þe quarters sent forth to oþer placeȝ & touneȝ. ¶ And yn þe same yere at Pritwelle yn Essex, was take Ser Iohn Holond, þe Duk of Excestre, with þe comyneȝ of þe cuntreye; and þay brouȝt hym fro þe mille vnto Plasche; and to þe same place þere King Richard hadde arestid Ser Thomas of Wodstoke, þe Duk of Glowcestre. And riȝt þere, yn þe same place, þei smytyn of þe Duk of Excestreȝ hed, & brouȝt it to London vpon a poole; and it was sette on London Brygge. ¶ And yn þe same yere, at Bristow, was take þe Lorde Spenser, þat King Richard hadde made Erle of Glowcestre; & þe comyneȝ of the toune of Bristow [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 119b] toke hym, and brouȝt hym in to þe Market place of the Toun; & ther thay smyte of his hed and sent hit to London, and hit was sette on London brygge. ¶ And yn þe same yere was Ser Bernarde Brokeys, kniȝt, take and

arestid, & put yn-to þe Tour of London; and Ser Iohn Selley, kniȝt, & Ser Iohn Mawdeleyne & Ser William Fereby, persons of King Richardeȝ, were arestid and put yn-to þe Tour of London. and þedir come þe Kingeȝ Iusticeȝ, and saat vpon hem yn the Toure; and þere were dampned alle iiij vnto þe deth. And the dome was yeue vnto Ser Bernarde Brokeys, þat he shulde go on fote fro the Tour þrouȝ þe toun of London vnto Tyburne, and þere to be hangyd, & aftir his hed to ben smyten of & sett on London Brigge, & Ser Iohn Selley, knyȝt, and Ser Iohn Maudeleyn & Sir William Feriby, persons, weir draw þrouȝt London to Tyburne, & þere hanged.

¶ And yn þe same yere King Henry sent Quene Isabell, þat was King Richardeȝ wiff, hom ayen yn-to Fraunce, and yaff hir Golde & siluer and mony oþer Iewelleȝ; and so sche was discharged of alle hir dower, & sent out of Engelond.

¶ And yn þe secunde yere of King Henri þe iiijth, was Ser Rogger of Claryngdon, kniȝt, & ij of his men, & þe Priour of Launde, & viij frere Menoures, and sum Maistres of diuinite, & oþer, for treson þat þay wrouȝt ayens the King, were drawe & hangyd at Tyborne, alle xij presoners & personeȝ.

¶ Than beganne þe discencion & debate yn þe cuntre of Walis betwene þe Lorde Grey Rithyn & Oweyn of Glyndore, Squier of Walis. And þis Oweyn rerid a nownbyr of Walschemen, and kept þat cuntrey about ryȝt strong, & dede myche harme, and destroyed þe Kingis touneȝ and lorschippeȝ þrouȝout Walis, & robbyd & slowgh þe Kingis pepil, both Englisch and Walsch; and þus he endured xij yere large. And he toke þe Lorde Gray of Rithyn presoner, and kept hym fast yn holde tylle he was raunsonde of prysoners of þe March, and kept hym long tyme yn holde; and at þe last he made hym wedde on of his douȝtris, and kep[t]e hym stylle þere with his wiff, and sone after he deyed.

¶ And þanne þe King, knowyng þis myschef, destruccion and treson, þat þis Oweyn hade y wrouȝt, þen anon he ordeyned a strong power of men of armeȝ and of archers, & moche oþer stuffe þat longid to warre, for to abate & destroye þe malice of þe fals Walschemen. And þanne þe King come yn-to Walys with his power, for to destroy þis Owen and oþer rebellis, fals Walschmen. And anon þei fledden yn-to þe mountayneȝ; and þere myȝte þe Kinge do hem non harme yn no maner of wyse; but ofte þei toke þe Kingis cariage, and euery day destroyed his peple. But Oweyn and his men, þe moste parte, ascapid harmeleȝ; ffor þe King ne his meyne myȝt not come to hemyn no maner of wise for þe mountayneȝ; and so the King come to Engelond ayen, for lesyng of moo of his peple, and þus he spedde not þere.

¶ In þis same yere was gret scarsite of whete yn Engelond, for a quarter of whete was at xvjs.; and merchaunthes were sent out of Engelond ouyr see ynto Spruce for whete. anon þay hadde lade & freight shippeȝ ynow, & came hoom yn saafte, blessid be God of alle his yeftis!

¶ And yn the iij^de [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 120a] yere of King Harryeȝ regne, ther was a sterre seyne in þe firmament, þat schewed hym-self þrouȝ alle þe worlde, for dyuers tokenns þat schulde befalle sone after; þe which sterre was named & called be clergie 'Stella comata.' And on Seint Marye Magdaleyne day, next aftir, yn þe same yere, was þe Batayle of Schrouysbury; and þedir come Ser Henry Percy, þe Erleȝ sone of Northombirlonde, with a grete multitude of men of armes & archers, and yaf batayle to King Harry þe iiijthe, þrouȝ fals counsel and wicked reede of Ser Thomas Percy, is vncle, Erle of Worcestre; and þere was Ser Harry Percy slayn, and þe most parte of his mayne, yn the feelde, and Ser Thomas Percy take, and kept yn holde ij dayeȝ tylle þe King hadde sette rest among his peple on both sydes. And þanne Ser Thomas Percy was Iugid to be ded, þat is to wete, drawe, hangyd, & his hed

smyte of for his fals treson at Schrowesbery, & his hed brouȝt to London & set on London-is Brygge. And al oþer peple þat were slayne þere, on þe Kingeȝ syde and yn boþe parteys, þe King let bury: and þere was slayn on þe Kingyȝ syde yn the batayle, þe Erle of Staffarde, and Ser Water Blount yn þe Kingys kote armyour, vndir þe Kingeȝ baner, and mony mo worthi men; on whose soule God haue mercy! amen!

¶ And yn þe iiij^the yere of King Harryeȝ regne, come þe Emp[er]oure of Constantynoble, with mony grete lordeȝ and knyȝtes and moch oþer peple of his cuntre, in to Engelonde, to King Harry, with hym to speke and to disporte hym, and see þe gode gouernaunce & þe condicioneȝ of our peple, and know þe commoditeȝ of Engelond. And our King, with alle his worthi lordeȝ, godely and worschepfully hym resceyved, and welcomed hym and alle his mayne þat come with hym, and dede hym alle þe reuerence & worschip þat þay cowthe and myȝte. And anon þe King commawnded al maner officers þat he schulde be serued as worthily & as ryaly as it longith to such a worthi lorde & Emperour, on his owne cost, as long as þe Emperour was yn Engelond, and alle his men þat comyn with hym.

¶ And yn þis same yere came dame Iohane, þe Duchasse of Bryttayne, yn-to Engelonde, and landed at Falemouth yn Cornewayle; & fro þenneȝ she was brouȝt to þe cite of Wynchestre, and þere sche was weddyd vnto King Harry þe iiijthe yn the Abbey of Saynt Swythens of Wynchestre, with alle þe solempnite þat myȝt be do and made. ¶ And sone after, sche was brouȝt fro þenneȝ to London; and þe meyre, with þe aldermen and þe comyns of þe cite of London, rydyn ayens hir, and hir welcomed, and brouȝt hir throuȝ þe cite of London vnto Westmynstre; and þere sche was crouned & made Quene of Engelond; and þere þe king made a ryalle and a solempne fest for hir, and for al maner men þat þedir wolde come.

¶ And yn þis same yere, Dame Blaunche, þe eldist douȝtir of

King Harry þe iiij^the, was y sent ouyr see with þe Erle of Somersete, hir vncle, and with Maister Richarde Clyfforde, þanne [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 120b] Bischop of Worcestre, and with mony oþer lordeȝ and worthi knyȝtis, ladieȝ, and Squyers, as longed to such a worthi lady, and come vnto Coleyne. And þedir come þe Dukeȝ sone of Barrey, with a faire mayne, and resceyved þis worthi lady, and þere the Bischop of Worcestre wedded & sacred ham to-gedir, as holy churche it wolde; & þere was made a ryalle feest and a grete Iustiȝe, yn reverence and worschip of ham, and to alle peple þat þedir come. ¶ And whanne þis maryage and fest was do, þe Erle and þe Bischop, with alle hir meyne, token her leve of lordeȝ and ladieȝ and come home ayen yn-to Engelond in saafte, y þankyd be God!

¶ And yn þe .v. yere of King Harryeȝ regne, þe Lorde Thomas, King Harryeȝ sone þe iiij^the, and þe Erle of Kent went ouyr see, and mony oþer lordeȝ and kniȝtes, and men of armys & archers, and went to þe se to chastise þe rebellis þat afore hadde do moch harme to our Englisch Marchaunteȝ & to mony tounes and portis yn Engelond vpon þe se costis. ¶ And þe Lorde Thomas, þe Kingis son, cam yn-to Flaundres, toffore a toun þat is callid þe Scluse, among alle þe schippeȝ of dyuers nacyons þat were þere; and after, þai rydyn with her schippeȝ among ham, and went alonde, & sported ham þere ij. daieȝ, and cam ayen to hir schippeȝ, & token þe brode se, & þere þay mettyn with iij carrakeȝ of Iene, þat were lade with dyuers Marchaundiȝe, and welle y manned; and þere þay fouȝtyn to-gadryȝe longe; but þe Englischmen hadde þe victorye, and brouȝt þe Carrakeȝ yn-to þe camere before Wynchylse; and þere þay cantid þes godeȝ, and on of þeȝe Carrekeȝ was sodenly þere brent, & þe lordeȝ and hir peple turned hom ayen, and went no firthir at þat tyme.

¶ And yn that same yere, Serle, yoman of King Richardeȝ Robys, come yn-to Engelond out of Scotland, and saide to diuers peple þat 'King Richard was alyve yn Scotlond'; and so, moch of

þe peple beleued yn his wordeȝ; wherfore mych of þe peple of þe Reeme were yn gret erroure and gruching ayens þe King, þrouȝ fals informacion þat þis Serle hadde made, for moche peple beleuyd & trustid to his seyng; but at þe last he was take yn the North cuntre, and by lawe juged to be draw þrouȝ euery cite & gode burgh toun yn Engelond; and so he was serued. And at þe last he was brouȝt to London, vnto Gilde-halle before þe justiȝe; and þere he was juged to be brouȝt to þe Tour of London, and þere to be laide vp-on an hirdille, & þan to be drawe þrouȝ þe cete of London to Tyborne, & hangyd, & þan quarterde, and his hed smyte of & set on London Brygge, & his quarters to be sent to iiij gode towneȝ of Engelond, & þere set vp: & þus endid he his fals treson & desceit.

¶ And yn þe vj yere of King Henryeȝ regne, þe Erle of Marre, of Scotland, be saaf condit come ynto Engelond for to chalange Ser Edmunde, þe Erle of Kent, of certeyn cours of warre on hors-bak; & so þis chalange was accept and graunted, and þe place take yn Smythfelde at London. And þis Erle of Marre, þe Scot, com proudly [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 121a] yn-to the felde, as his chalange asked. And anon com yn þe Erle of Kent, and rode vnto þe Scot, and manfully rydyn togadir with scharp speris dyuers cours; but þe Erle of Kent hadde þe Felde, and gate hym moch worschip & þanke of al maner of men for his manful dedis.

¶ And þis yere Ser Richard Scrope, Archebyschop of York, and þe lorde Mounbray, Erle Marchal of Engelonde, gadrid vnto hym a strong meyne yn þe North cuntre ayens King Henry. and þan King Henry, heryng þerof, yn alle þe hast þat he myȝte, come with his power northwarde, and mette with ham at York; and þere were þei ij lordeȝ take, and brouȝt to þe King, and anon þe Iugeȝ weryn sette, and þese ij lordeȝ brouȝt forth; and þere þai were dampned vn-to þe deth, þat boþe her hedis schulde be smyte of; and þere þay made her ende: on whose souleȝ God, for his pete, haue mercy! Amen!

¶ And whanne þis was do, þe King come to London ayen, a[nd] restyd hym. And anon, God, of his grete godenesse, wrouȝt and schewyd meny grete myracles for his worthi Clerke, þe Archebischop of Yorke, þat þus was dovn to deth.

¶ And yn þe vij yere of King Henryeȝ regne come Dame Luce, þe Dukeȝ sistir of Millane, yn-to Engelond, and so vnto London, and þere was weddid to Ser Edmunde Helond, Erle of Kent, yn þe priory of Saint Mary Ouerey yn Southwerke, with moche solempnite and grete worschip: and þere was þe King hym selfe, and yaf hir at þe churche dore. ¶ And whanne þay were weddyd, and masse do, þe King, his owne persone, brouȝt and ladde þis worthi lady yn-to þe Bischopis place of Wynchestre; and þere was a wondir grete fest helde, to alle maner of pepil þat come þedir.

¶ In þis same yere, Ser Robert Knollis, kniyȝt, þe worthi warriour, deied at his Maner yn Northfolke: and fro þenneȝ he was brouȝt to London on an hors beere, with myche torche lyghte; and so was he brouȝt to þe Whit-Freris yn Flet-strete; and þere was do and made a ryal & solempne terement for hym, for þem þat þidir wolde come, boþe pore & rich; and þere he lyth beryed; on whose soule God haue mercy! Amen!

¶ And yn the same yere Ser Thomas Ruston, kniȝt, Constab[l]e of þe Tour of London, was dreynt yn Themys at London Brygge, as he com fro Westmynstre towarde þe Tour yn a barge; and al þrouȝ lewdenesse. And yn þe same yere Dame Phelyp, þe yongyr douȝtir of King Henry þe iiijthe, was ladde ouer þe see with Ser Richarde, þe Dukeȝ brothir of Yorke, and Ser Edmunde Courteneye, bishop of Norwiche, and mony oþer lordiȝ, kniȝtis and squyers, ladieȝ and gentil-wymmen, as perteyneth to such a worthi Kingis douȝtir, and come yn-to Denmarke, to a toun þat is callyd Elsyngborgh. And þedir come þe King of Denmarke, wiþe his lordis, and resceyvid þis worthi lady for his wiff, and welcomyd

þese worthi lordeȝ, and dede ham moche reuerence & gret worschip. ¶ And þanne þei were brouȝt to a toun þat is callid London yn Denmark, and þere was this lady weddid and sacryd to þe King of Denmark with moche solempnite; and þere was sche crouned Quene of Denmark, Norwey and Swethyn; & þere was made a rialle fest. ¶ And whanne þis Fest and mariag was do & endid, þeȝe lordeȝ [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 121b] and ladieȝ tokyn her leve of the King and Quene, and comyn home ayen yn-to Engelonde yn hast, þanked be Ihesu!

¶ And yn the viij ȝere of King Harryeȝ regne, þer was a man þat was clepid 'þe walsch clerke,' and apelyd a knyȝt þat me callyd Ser Perciuale Sowdon, of treson; and þere þey were ioyned to fiȝt vnto þe deth, within þe listeȝ, & þe day, tyme and place assigned and lymytid to be do and ende, yn Smythfelde. At þe which day þe ij personeȝ comyn yn to þe felde, and fouȝtyn soore and myȝtili togadris; but at þe last þe knyȝt ouercame þe clerke, and made hym yelde creaunde of his fals plechement þat he sayde on hym; and þan was he dispoyled of his armeour and drawe out of þe ffelde to Tyburne; & þere was he hangyd, and þe kniȝt take to grace, and was a gode man.

¶ And yn þis same yere, Ser Henry, erle of Northombirlande, & þe Lorde Bardolf, comyn out of Scotlande, yn preiudice & destruccion of King Harry; wherfore þay of the Northcuntre arysyn vp, and smytyn of her hedis, and sent þe hed of the Erle, and þe quarter of þe lorde Bardolfe, to London; and þere þey were set vp on þe brygge, for fals treson þat þay had purposed ayens þe Kinge.

¶ And yn þe ix yere of King Harreȝ regne, was Ser Edmu[n]de Holonde, Erle of Kent, made Amerel of Engelonde, for to kepe þe see. And he went to þe see with mony ryalle schippis, þat were full well arayed and enarmyd with mony a gode man of armeȝ & of archers, and of gode defence of warre yn þe Kinges name of Engelonde; and so he londit at þe laste yn þe costes of

Brittaigne, in þe Ile of Bryak, with alle his peple; and he besegid þe castel and assauted it. and þai with-ynne with-stode hym with grete defence & streinþe, and anon let sette his ordynaunce; & yn þe leyngthe of a gune com a quarel, & smot þe gode Erle yn þe hed, & þere he cauȝt his deth-wownde, but yet þei left not tylle þay hadde gotyn þe Castell and alle þat was þere-ynne; and þere þis gode lorde deid: on whose soule God haue mercy. ¶ And þanne his meyne comyn hom ayen in-to Engelond with þe Erleȝ body, and was buried among his auncetryeȝ riȝt worthily. ¶ And yn þe same yere was a gret frost yn Engelond, þat dured xv wokeȝ.

¶ And yn þe x yere of King Harryes regne þe iiij^the, come þe Senescall of Henaud, with oþer meyne, yn-to Englond, for to seke auntreȝ, and to gete hym worschip yn dedis of armeȝ, boþe on horsbak and on foote, of al maner poyntis of dedis of armeȝ and warre. And þe Senescal Chalanged þe Erle of Somerset; and þe Erle delyuerde hym manfully yn al his chalangeȝ, and put his aduersari to þe worsse yn alle poyntis, & wanne hym þere grete worschyp and degree of the ffeelde. ¶ And þe next day come yn to þe ffeelde a noþer man of armeȝ of the Seneschallys party; & ayens hym com Ser Richard of Arundell, knyȝt; and þe Henauder hed þe bettyr of hym [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 122a] on fote in on poynt, for he broȝt hym on his kne. ¶ And þe thrid day come yn a noþer man of armeȝ yn to the felde; and ayens hym Ser Iohn Cornewayle, knyȝt; and manly & knyȝtly quyt hym yn alle maner of poynteȝ ayens his aduersary, and had þe bettyr yn the felde. ¶ And þe iiij day come yn a noþer man of armys of Henaude, yn þe felde; and ayens hym com Ser Iohn Cheynees sone, and manly quyt hym ayens his aduersary, for he caste bothe hors & man into þe feelde; and þe King, for his manhode at þat tyme, dubbyd hym knyȝt. ¶ And þe v day þer com a noþer man of armeȝ of Henaudeȝ party yn-to þe ffel[d]e; and to hym come Iohn Stewarde, squyer, and manfully quyt hym þere yn al maner of poyntis, and hadde þe bettir. ¶ And þe vj day come a nother Henauder; & to hym come William Porter, squier; and manfully he quitte hym yn þe ffelde, and hadde þe bettir, and þe

King dubbid hym kniȝt þe same time. ¶ And þe vij day come a noþer Henauder yn-to the felde; & to hym come Iohn Standisch, Squyer, and manly quit hym in his aduersary, and hadde þe bettir yn þe ffelde; and þere þe King dubbyd hym kniȝt þe same day. ¶ And yn þe same day come noþer Henauder; and to hym come a squier of Gasquoyne; and proutly & manly he quitte hym on his aduersarye, and þere hadde þe bettir, and anon þe King dubbyd hym kniȝt.

¶ And þe viij day com yn-to þe ffelde ij men of armes of Henaude; and to ham come ij soudiers of Calis þat were breþryn, y -Clepyd þe Borougheȝ and welle and manly quit hem on hir aduersarieȝ, and hadde þe bettir yn þo felde; and þus endid þis Chalanged with moche worschep. And þe King, at þe reuencens of the straungers, made a grete ffeest, and yaff rych yeftis; and þay tokyn hir leue, and went whom yn-to hir cuntre.

¶ And yn þe xj ȝere of King Hen[r]yeȝ regne þe iiijthe, þere was a gret Batayle yn Smythfelde betwene ij squiers; þat on men callid Glowcestre, and þat was appelaunt, and Arture, þat was defendaunt; and welle and manfully fouȝtyn togadrys longe tyme. And the King, for hir manfulnesse and his grace, toke hir quarell yn-to his honde, and mad ham go out of þe felde at ones; and so þay were dyvyded of hir bataile; and þe King yaf ham grace.

And yn þe xij ȝere of King Henryeȝ regne þe iiij^the, Rys ap die, a Squier of Walis þat was a rebell & a ryser, and supporter of Owen of Glyndore þat dede moche destruccion to þe pepil yn Walis, was take, & brouȝt to London. And þere he come afore þe Iustiȝe, and was dampned for his treson; & þan he was leyde on an hirdyl, and so draw forth to Tyburne þrowghe the cite, and þere, was hangyd, & lete doune ayen, and his hed smytyn of; and his bodi quarterde and sent to foure towneȝ, and his hede sette on London Brygge.

¶ And the xiij ȝere of King Henryeȝ regne, deyed

Ser Iohn Beauford, Erle of Somerset, þat was [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 122b] Capteyne of Caleys, and was beryed at þe Abbey of Tour-hille: on whose soule God haue mercy! Amen! And yn þe same yere þe Lorde Thomas, King Harryeȝ sone, wedded þe Countesse of Somerset. And þe same yere come þe ambasceturs of Fraunce yn-to Engelonde, from þe Duk of Burgoyne, vnto the Prince of Engelonde, King Harryeȝ sone and his heire, for help & socour of men of armeȝ and archers ayens the Duk of Orlyauns. And he set forth þe Erle of Arundell, Ser Gylbarde Vmfrauylle, Erle of Kyme, and þe Lorde of Cobham, Ser Iohn Oldecastell, and mony oþer gode knyȝtis, and worthi squyers and men of armeȝ and gode archers, ouyr see yn-to Fraunce, and comyn to Parys, to þe Duk of Burgoyne, þere he resceyvyd and welcomyde þese Englisch lordis and alle hir meyne. ¶ And þanne it was do hym to wete þat þe Duk of Orlyaunce was come to Senclowe, faste by Parys, with a grete noumbre men of armys & arblasters; and þedir went our Englisch men, and fouȝtyn with ham, gotyn þe brygge of Senclowe; & þere þay slow mony of the Frensch men and Armenackeȝ, and þe remenaunt fledde, and wolde no lengir abide. And oure Englysch men comyn ayen to Paris; & þere þay tokyn hir leue of the Duke, and comen hom ayen yn-to Engelonde yn saafte, & he yaf ham gret yeftis. ¶ Anon folowyng, the Duk of Orlyaunce sent ambassetours yn-to Engelond, to King Harry þe iiijthe, besechyng hym of his help & socour ayens his dedely enymye, þe Duke of Burgoyne. And þan þe King made Thomas, his sone, Duke of Clarance, & his oþer sone John Duke of Bedforde, and his oþer sone Vmfray Duk of Gloucestre; & Ser Thomas Beauford, Erle of Somerset; & þe Duke of Awmarle he made Duk of Yorke. ¶ And þan þe King ordeyned his sone Thomas, and Beauforde, Erle of Somerset, and Sir Iohn Cornewayle, and meny oþer lordis, kniȝtis & squyers, men of armeȝ and archers, to go ouyr yn-to Fraunce, yn

helpyng & strengthyng of the Duke of Orlyaunce. ¶ And þese worthi lordeȝ, with alle his retynu, schippyd at Hampton, and sayled ouer yn-to Normandy, and landed at Hoggeȝ. And þere mette with ham þe lorde Hambe, at hir londyng, with vij Ml men of armeȝ of Frenschmen; and alle were put to flyȝt, and takyn of hem vij C men of armes & iiij C hors, with-out þo þat were slayn yn the felde. And so þei ryden forth þouȝout Fraunce and token Castell & touneȝ, & slowȝ mych pepil of Frenschmen þat with-stode ham and tokyn meny prysoners as þay roode; and so þai passyd forth til þay comyn to Burdeux; and þere þay restid ham a while, and sette þe cuntre yn pees & rest tylle þe vyntage were redy to sayle; and þanne þe Duk with his mayne com hom yn-to Engelond yn saafte, þankyd be God! ¶ And yn þe same yere was þe Kingis coyne chaynged þrouȝ-out Engelond, by þe King and his counsel, þat is to say, þe noble, half noble, & ferthyng of goode.

¶ And þe [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 123a] xiiij yere of King Harryeȝ regne þe iiij^the, he lete make galaieȝ of warre, for he hadde hopid to haue past þe grete se, and so forth to Ierusalem, and þere to haue endid his lyf. but God vised hym sone aftir Infirmyteeȝ and grete sekenesseȝ þat he myȝt not wel endure no while, so feruentli he was y tak. And he was yn Bedde at Westmynstre yn a faire Chaumbre; and as he lay abedde, he axed his Chaumbirleyn what he callyd that Chaumbyr þat he lay-ynne: he answarde and sayde 'Ierusalem.' þanne he sayde, his prophecie sayde 'he schulde make an ende and deye yn Ierusalem.' and þan he made hym redy vnto God, & disposed alle his wille, and sone aftir he deyed, and was caryed be water fro Westmynstre yn a barge to Feueresham, and fro þennes to Caunturburye be londe, with moche torchelyȝt brennyng, yn-to þe Priorie of Crichirch, and þere he was worthili entered & beried besyde saint Thomas shryne of Cawnturburye. And þus endid þis worthi King Henry abowte myd Lent Sonday, in þe yere of our Lorde Ihesu Crist, M^lCCCCxiij, on whos soule God haue mercy! Amen!

And aftir þis King Henri, regnyd his sone Henry, þe vthe aftir þe conquest. Capitulum CC.xliiij.

And aftir þe deth of King Harry þe iiij^the, regnid King Harry his sone, þat was born at Munmoth yn Walis, þat was a worthi King, and a gracious man, and a gret conquerour. ¶ And yn þe firste yere of his regne, for gret loue & gedenesse, he sent to þe ffreris of Langeley, þere as hir Fadir hadde do burye King Richard þe ijde, & let take vp his body ayen out of the erthe, and dede bring hym to Westmynstre, yn a ryal chare couert with blak veluet, & baners of diuers armeȝ alle aboute. & al þe horsses drawyng þe chare were trappid yn black, & bete with diuers armeȝ, and mony a torch brennyng, by alle þe wey, til he come to Westmystre. And þere he lette make for hym a ryalle & a solempne terement, and buried hym be Quene Anne his wiff, as his owne desire was, on þe firther syde of Seynt Edwardeȝ schryne, yn the Abbey of Saint Petris of Westmynstre: on whose soule God haue mercy! Amen!

¶ And yn þis same yere weren certeyne of Lollardeȝ and fals heritikis takine, þat hadde pu[r]sued, þrouȝ fals treson, to haue slayn þe King, and for to haue destroyed alle þe clergy of þis Reme. & þai myȝt haue hadde her fals purpos, but oure Lorde God wolde not suffre it; for yn hast þe King hadde warnyng þerof, & of alle hir fals ordinaunce & worchyng, and come sodenly with his power to Saint Johnes-without-Smythfelde; and anon þei tokyn a certeyn of þe Lollardeȝ & fals heritikeȝ and brouȝt hem vnto þe Kingis presens, & þere þei tolde all her fals purpos & ordinaunce, how þey wolde haue do & wroȝt, & þay myȝt haue regned & hadde her wylle, and þere þei tolde which were he captens & her gouernours. & þan þe King commaunded ham to þe Tour of London; & þanne þey took moo of ham, boþe within þe cite & without, [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 123b] and sent ham to Newgate and to bothe Countieȝ. And þan þere were [þei] brouȝt yn examynacion before þe clergy and þe Kingis Iusticeȝ; & þere þei were conuicte of hir fals heresye, & dampned before þe Iusticeȝ for hir fals treson: & þus was her Iugement, þat þay

schulde be drawe fro þe Tour of London, þrouȝ London, vnto seint Gyleȝ felde; & þere to be hangid & brent on þe galows. ¶ And also was take Ser Roger Acton, kniȝt, boþe for Lollardye & eke for treson ayens þe King and þe Reme. and he come afore þe clergye, and was conuict of his lewed Lollardye, and before þe Iustiȝe ydampned to be brent, & to be draw fro þe Tour of Lundon þrouȝ þe cite to Saint Gyleȝ felde, & to be hanged & to be brent.

¶ And þe ij yere of king Harryeȝ regne þe v^the, he hilde a counsel of alle þe lordeȝ of the Reme at Westmynstre; and þere he put ham þe demaunde, & prayed hem of hir godenesse and of her gode counsel to schewe hym, as touchynge þe titile & ryȝt þat he hadde to Normandy, Gasquoyne & Guyenne, þe which þe King of Fraunce withhilde hym wrongefully and vnriȝtfully, þe wh[i]che his auncetreȝ before hym hadde holde be trewe titill of conquest, & riȝt heritage. ¶ The which Normandye, Gasquoyne & Guyenne, þe gode King Edward of Wyndesore, and his ansetryeȝ before hym, hadde holde alle hir lyveȝ tyme. And his Lordeȝ ȝaf hym counsel to sende ambassetours vnto þe King of Fraunce and his counsel, þat he schulde yelde vp to hym his riȝt heritage, þat is to say, Normandie, Gasqueyne, & Guyenne, þe which his predecessoris had y holde afore hym, or ellis he wolde it wynne with dunt of swyrde yn schort tyme, with help of Ihesu. ¶ And þanne þe Dolfynne of Fraunce answeryd to our ambassetours, & sayde yn þis manere: þat þe King was ouyr yonge & tendir of age to make eny warre ayens hym, and was not like yette to be no gede(sic) warryor to make such a conqueste þere vpon hym; & yn scorne & despite he sent to hym a tonne fulle of teneys-ballis, be-cause he schulde haue sumwhat to play with-alle, for hym & for his lordeȝ; '& þat become hym bettir þanne to mantayne eny warre,' he seyd. ¶ And þanne our

lordeȝ, þat were ambassetours, tokyn hir leue & comyn yn-to Engelond ayen, & tolde þe Kinge and his Counsel of the vngodely answere þat þay hadde of the Dolfyn, and of þe present þat he hadde sent vnto the Kinge. ¶ And whanne þe King hadde herde here wordeȝ, and the answere of the Dolfyne, he was wondir sore agrevyd, & ryȝt evil payed towarde the Frenschmen and towarde þe King & þe Dolfyn, and þouȝt to venge hym apon hem as sone as God wolde sende hym grace and myght; and anon lette make tenysballis for the Dolfyn in alle þe haste þat þay myȝte be maad, & þat þei were harde & grete gune-stonys, for þe Dolfyn to play with-alle. ¶ And þanne anon þe King sent for alle his lordeȝ, & hilde a gret [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 124a] Counsel at Westmynstre, and tolde vnto hem þe answere þat he hadde of the Dolfyn, and of his worthi present to hym and to his lordeȝ, to play with-alle. And þere þe King and his lordeȝ were accorded þat þay schulde be redy yn armys with hir power, yn þe best aray þat myȝt be, and gete men of armes and archers, and alle oþer stuff þat longed þerto, & to be redy with alle hir retynu to mete at Southhampton be Lammesse next folouyng, without eny delaye; for the King ordeyned is Naueye of schippeȝ, with al maner stuff & vitaile þat longid to such a warriour, of al maner ordinaunce, yn the hauen of Southhamton, in -to þe nowmbir of iij^c xx^ti sayle. ¶ And þere fil a grete deseȝe & a foul myschif; for þer were iij lordeȝ þat þe King tryst moche ynne, þat, for fals couetiȝe purpoȝid þe Kingis deth, & þouȝt to haue slayn hym and alle his breþryn or he hadde take þe see, þe which were named þus: Ser Richarde, þe Erle of Caumbrydge, broþer to þe Duk of York; þe ij was þe Lord Scrope, Treserer of Engelond; þe iij was Ser Thomas Gray, knyȝt, of the Northcuntre. And þeȝe; iij lordeȝ afore sayde, for lucre of Moneye, had made promis to þe Frenschmen to haue slayne oure King and alle his worthi brethryn, by a false trayne sodenly, ere þay hadde be war. But God, of his gret grace, hylde his holy hand ouyr ham, & saued

hem from þis parelous meyne. ¶ And for to haue do þis, þei resceyued of þe Frenschmen a mylyon of golde, þat was þere oponly previde; and for þer fals treson þey were all iij Iuged vnto deth; and þis was þe Iugement: þat þai schulde be ladde þrouȝ Hampton, and without þe Northegate, þere to be hedid; & þus þai endide, for her fals couetyse and treson.

¶ Anon as þus was do, þe King and alle his meyne made hem redy, and wenton to schyppe, & sayled forth with xv^c schippeȝ, and arryued with-ynne Sayne, at Kitcaws, vpon our Ladieȝ Evyn, þe Assumpcion, yn Normandye, with al his ordynaunce; & so went forth to Hareflyte, & besegid þe toun al aboute, by londe and by watir, and sent to þe capteyne, and bade hym delyuer þe towne: and he saide, 'non he delyuerd hym, ne non he wolde to hym delyuer, but bade hym do his beste.' ¶ And þan þe Kinge leyde his ordynaunce vnto þe toun, þat is for to saye, Gunneȝ, Engyneȝ, Tripgettis, & schet and cast vnto þe wallis & eke yn-to þe toun, & caste doun both toureȝ and toun, & layde ham vnto þe grounde: & þere he played at tenys with his harde gune-stoneȝ þat were withynne þe toune. ¶ Whanne þai schulde plai, þai songyn 'welawaye and allas þat eny suche tenyeȝ-ballis were made,' and cursed al þo þat warre beganne, & þe tyme þat þei were born. ¶ And on þe morow þe King dede crye at euery gate of þe toun, þat euery man schulde be redye, on þe morowe erlye to make assaute vnto þe toun. ¶ And Gilliam Bocher & Iohn Gaunt, with xij oþer worthi burgeȝ, comyn to þe King, and besouȝt hym, of his ryall mageste & power, to [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 124b] withdrawe his malice and destruccion þat he dede vnto hem, & besouȝt hym of viij dayeȝ respite and treweȝ, yef eny rescu myȝt come vnto hem, and ellis to yelde vp þe toun vnto hym, with alle her godeȝ. ¶ And þan þe king sent forth þe Capteyne, and kept þe Remenaunt stille with hym. And þe lorde Gancort went fforth to Rone yn alle hast, vnto þe Dolfyn, for help & socour; but þer was non, ne no maner rescu; for þe Dolfyn wolde not abyde. ¶ And þus þis Capteyne come ageyne to

þe King, and yelde vp þe toun, and delyverde hym þe keyeȝ. And þan he callyd his vncle, þe Erle of Dorset, and made hym Capteyne of the toun of Hareflete, & delyuered hym þe keieȝ, and bade hym go put out alle þe Frensch peple, both man, womman and chylde, & stuffe þe toun with Englisch men. ¶ And þan þe King sent yn to Engelonde, þat what crafti man wolde come þidir, & ynhabit hym þere ynne þe toune, he scholde have hous and housholde to hym & to his heyreȝ for euyrmore. And þidir went mony dyuers Marchaunteȝ & Crafti men, & inhabited ham þere, to streynth þe toune, & weryn welcome. ¶ And whenne þe King saw þis, þat hit was welle stoffed both of vitaile & of men, þis worthi Prynce & King toke his leve, & went hym to Caleys warde by londe. ¶ And þe Frensch men herde of his komyng, and þouȝt to stoppe his way, þat he scholde not passe þat way; & yn hast broken alle þe brygges þere eny passage was for hors & man, yn-so-moche þere myȝt no man passe ouyr þe see Ryuers, noþer on hors ne on foote, but yef he schulde be drounde. ¶ Wherefore our King, with alle his peple, went & souuȝte his way fer vp to Paris warde; & þere was alle þe ryal power of Fraunce redy to yef hym batayle, and to destroy al his pepyl; but God almyȝti was his gide, and saued hym and alle his peple, and withstode alle his enymys purpos, þankyd be God, þat so sauyd his owne knyȝt & King yn his riȝtfull tytyl! ¶ And our King saw þe multitude & nowmbre of his enymys to withstonde his way & for to yeue hym bataile, þanne þe King, with a meke hert and a gode spiryt, lyfte vp his handeȝ to Almyȝti God, besechyng hym of help & socour, and þat dai to saue his trew seruaunteȝ. ¶ And þanne our King gadryd alle his lordeȝ togadir, and oþer pepil aboute hym, and bade hem alle to be of gode chere, for þei schulde haue a fayre daye and a gracious victori, and þe bettir of al hir enymys; and prayed hem alle to make hem redy vnto þe batayle; for he wolde raþere be ded þat

day, in batayle or yn felde, þan be take of his enymys; for he wolde nevir put þe rem of Engelond to no Rawnson for his persone. ¶ And þe Duk of Yorke fill on his kne, and besauȝt þe King of a bone, þat he wolde graunte hym þat day þe vawnt-ward yn his batayle: and þe King graunted hym his asking, and sayde, "gramarcy, Cosyn of Yorke!" and prayed hym to make hym redye. ¶ And þanne he bade euery man to [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 125a] orden hym a stake of tre, and scharp both endis, þat þe stake myȝt be pyght yn the erthe a-slop, þat hir enymyeȝ schulde not ouyr-ryde hem,—for þat was hir fals purpos,—and arayed hem al þere for to ouyr-ryde our meyne at þe first comyng of ham sodeynly yn þe first bront.

¶ And alle nyȝt before þe bataile, þe Frenschmen made mony grete fires, and moche revell with hontynge, and played our King and his lordeȝ at þe dys, and an archer for a blanke of hir moneye; for þei wende hadde be heyreȝ.

[The Battle of Agincourt.]

¶ The morow aros, þe day gan spryng, and þe King, be gode avis, lette arme his bataile and wyngeȝ, and charged euery man to kepe hym hoole togadir, & prayed hem al to be of gode chere. And whanne þay were redy, he askid what tyme of þe day it was, & þay sayde'pryme.' ¶ "Thanne," said our King, "nowe is gode tyme, for alle Engelond prayeth for vs; and þerfore be of gode chere, & lette vs go to our iorney." And þanne he sayde with an hygh voyce: ¶ "In þe name of Almyȝti God and Saynt George, avaunt banarer! and Saynt George, þis day þyn help!"

¶ And þanne þeȝe Frenschmen come prikkyng doun as þei wolde haue ouyr-rydyn alle oure meyne; but God and our archers made hem sone to stomble; for our archers schet neuyr arowe amys, but it perisched and brouȝt to grounde man and hors; for þey schet þat day a wager; and our stakeȝ made hem top ouyr terve, eche on oþer, þat þay lay on hepis ij spere lengthe of heighthe. And our King, with his meyne and with men of armeȝ, evir

layde doune; for he most fiȝt with his owne hondeȝ; and our gode archers lackid on arowes, and layde on with stakeȝ. ¶ And þus Almyȝti God and Saint George brouȝt our enymys to grounde, and ȝaf vs þat day þe victori; & þere were slayn of Frensch-men þat day yn þe ffelde of Agyncourt, moo þan a xj M^l, without prysoners þat were take. & þere were nowmbred þat day of Frenschmen yn the felde, mo þan vjxx M^l, and of Englyschmen nouȝt vij M^l; but God þat day fauȝt for vs.

¶ And aftir come þer tydyngeȝ to þe King, þat þere was a new Batayle of Frenschmen ordeyned, redy to stele on hem, and comyn towarde hym. Thanne anon þe King lette crye þat euery man scholde sle his prysoner þat he hadde take; and anon arrayed his bataile ayen redy for to fiȝt with þe Frenschmen. ¶ Whanne þay say þat our men killyd doun her prysoners, þanne withdrow þay ham, and brak hir batayle and alle hir araye; and þus our King (as a worthi conqueror) hadde þat day þe victory yn the ffelde of Agyncourt yn Pycardye.

¶ And þanne our King returned ayen þere þe Batayle was, to se what pepil was ded of Englyschmen, and yef eny were hurt þat myȝt be holpe; and þere were ded yn þe ffelde, on þer party þe Duk of Barry, þe Duk of Launson, þe Duk of Braban, the Erle of Nauerne, þe Chief counstable of Fraunce, and viij oþer erleȝ, and þe Archebischoppe of Saumte, and of gode Barons C and moo, and of worthi kniȝtis of grete alyaunce of Cote armyours, M^l C. And of Englyschmen was ded þat day, þe Duk of Yorke and þe Erle of Suffolk; and of alle oþer of Englisch [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 125b] Nacyon þere were not ded passyng xxvj bodieȝ, thanked be God! And þis batayle was on a Friday, þe which was Crispyn & Crispinianeȝ day, yn the moneth of October. And anon þe King commawnded to bery ham, and the Duke of York to be caried forth with ham, and þe Erle of Suffolke. And þere were tak prisoners, þe Duk of Orlyance, þe Duk of Burbone, þe Erle of Vandom, þe Erle of Ewe, þe Erle of Richmond, and Ser Bursigaunt, Marchal of Fraunce. And mony

oþer worthi lordeȝ were take yn þis batayle of Agyncourt, and brouȝt vnto þe toun of Caleys, and so ouyr se with þe King yn-to Engelond, and londid at Douer, yn Kent, with alle his prisoners in saafte,—þankid be Ihesu!—and so cam to Caunturbury, and offred at Saint Thomas Schryne; and so roode forth þrouȝ Kent þe next way to Eltham, & þere he restid hym tylle he wolde come to London. ¶ And þan þe Meire of London and þe Aldermen and þe Schereffeȝ, with alle þe worþi Comeners and craftis, comyn to þe Blake-Heth, welle and worthilye arayed to welcome our Kyng with dyuers melodye, and þanke Allemyȝty god of his gracious victory þat he hadde schewed to hym.

[Henry V's Reception in London.]

¶ And so þe King and his prysoners passyd forth by ham, til he com vnto Seint Thomas watryng; and þere mette with hym alle þe Religious with precession, and welcomyd hym; and so þe King come ridynge with his prysoners þrouȝ þe cite of London, where þere was schewyd mony a faire syȝt at alle þe Conditeȝ and at þe Cros yn Chepe, as yn heuynly aray, angelis, archaungelis, Patriarchus, prophetis, and virginis with dyuers melodieȝ, sensyng and syngyng to welcome our King, and alle conditus rennyng wyne. And þe King passyd forthe vnto Saint Pauleȝ; and þere met with hym xiiij Bischopeȝ, reuersed and mitryd, with Censers to welcome þe King, and sungun for his gracious victori Te deum laudamus. And þere þe King offred, & roode forth to Westmynstre; and þe Maire toke leue of þe King, and rode hoom ayen.

¶ And yn þe thrydde yere of King Henryeȝ regne þe vthe, Came þe Emperour of Almayne, King of Rome & of Hungary, yn-to Engelonde, and so to þe cite of London. And þe Maire, aldermen, and schereviȝ, with þe worthi craftis of London, be þe Kingiȝ commaundement, met with hym on the Blake-Heth yn þe best aray þat þay cowthe, on hors bak; & þere þay welcomyd hym, and brouȝt hym to London with moche honour and grete reuerence.

And atte Seint Thomas watryng þere mette with hym the King and alle his lordeȝ yn gode aray. And þere was a worthi metyng betwene þe Emperour and þe King; & þere thay kussid togadreȝ, & braced ech othir; and þan þe King toke þe Emperour be þe hande; & so þai come rydyng þrouȝt þe cite of London vnto Saint Pouleȝ; and þere þay lyȝte, and offred; and alle þe Bischopeȝ stode reuersed, with censers yn here hondeȝ, censyng. ¶ Thanne þei tokyn hir hors, and ryden to [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 126a] Westmynstre; and þere the King loggyd the Emperoure yn his owne palis, & þere restid hym a grete while, and alle atte þe Kingis cost.

¶ And sone aftir come þe Duk of Holond yn-to Engelond, to se þe Emperour, and to speke with hym and with þe King; and he was worthily resceyved and loggyd yn the Bischopis In of Hely, and alle at þe Kinges cost. ¶ And whanne þe Emperour hadde wel restid hym and sey þe lande yn dyuers partees, and knew þe commoditees, þanne, be processe of tyme, he toke his leue of the King; but ere he went he was made Knyȝt of the Gartir, & resceyved and weryd þe lyuerey; and þanne he thanked þe King and alle his worthi lordeȝ; and þe King & he went ouer þe see to Calys, and abydyn þere longe tyme, to haue an onswere of the Frensch King. And atte þe last hit come, and plesyd hym riȝt nought; and þe Emperour toke his leve of the King, and passyd forth yn Goddis name; and oure King come ouyr ayen yn-to Engelond, yn alle þe hast þat he myȝt; and þat was on Saynt Lukes eue þat he come to Lambehithe; and on the Monday next ffoluynge he come yn -to the parlement atte Westmynstre. And yn þis same yere was a gret derth of Corne yn Engelond, but,— thankyd be God!—hit lastid not long.

How the King went þe secunde tyme yn-to Normandy; & of þe sege of Roone. Capitulum CC xlv.

And yn þe forth yere of King Harryeȝ regne þe fifthe, he hilde his parlement at Westmynstre yn the begynnyng of moneth of October, and lastid vnto þe purificacion of our Lady þanne next folowyng. And þere was grawnted vnto þe King, to maynetayne

his warres, bothe of spiritualte & temporalte, an hole taxe and a dyme. ¶ And anon þe King prayed al his lordeȝ to make hem redy to streynth hym yn his ryȝt; and anon he lette make a new retynu, and charged alle men to be redye at Hampton yn þe Whitson woke þanne next folowyng, without eny delay. ¶ And þe Kinge made þe Duke of Bedforde Protector & defender of his Reme of Engelond yn his absens, and charged hym to kepe his laweȝ, & mayntayne boþe spiritualte and temporalte. ¶ And whanne þe King hadde þus do, and sette alle þyng yn kinde, on Saint Markeȝ day, þat was þat tyme Hocwedynesday, he toke his hors atte Westmynstre, and come rydyng to Poulis; & þere he offred, and toke his leue, and rode forth þrow þe cite, taking his leve of alle maner of peple, as welle of pore as of Rich, praynge alle hem yn generall to pray for hym. And so he roode forth to Saint Georgeȝ, and þere he offred, and toke is leve of þe Maire, Chargyng hym to kepe welle his Chaumbre; and so rode forth to Hampton, and þere abode tille his retynu was redy and come to hym; for þere was alle his Naueye of schippeȝ, with his ordynaunce, gadred and welle stuffyd, as longyd to such a ryalle Kinge, with alle maner of vitayleȝ for his pepille, as welle for hors as for man, as longyd for such a warriour, þat is to say, armure, Gonneȝ, tripgettis, Engyneȝ, soweȝ, Bastilleȝ, bryggeȝ of lethir, scaling laddres, mallis, [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 126b] spadeȝ, schouylleȝ, Pykys, boweȝ and aroweȝ, bowstryngeȝ, scheftis, & pipis fulle of aroweȝ, as nede for such a worthi warriour þat no þing was to sech. & whanne tyme come, þedir come to hym scheppeȝ lade with gunepowder.

[Henry V's second Invasion of France.]

¶ Whanne þis was rede, and his retynu come, þe King and his lordeȝ, with alle his rial host, went to schippe, & tokyn þe see & sayled yn-to Normandye, and landed at Towk vpon Lammas Day þan next; and þere he made xxviij knightis at his londyng.

¶ And þanne þe King, hering of mony enymys vpon þe see, þat is to sey, ix grete Carylis, hulkys, Galeyeȝ & schippiȝ, that were come to destroye his Nauey, anon he commaunded þe Erle of the March to be chyff Capteyne, and mony worthi lor[d]eȝ with hym, with men of armys and archers, to go to the see, þat non enmyes defouled his Nauye ne entred his londe yn no maner party for to destrowble his viage ne corneye. ¶ And anon þe erle toke his meyne, and went to schyppe, and skimmed the see, and kepte þe see-costeȝ, þat no maner enymys durste rowte vpon þe see. ¶ And anon þe Kinge sent his heroudes vnto þe Capten of Towke, & chargyd hym to delyuer is Castell and his toun, & ellis he schulde leve neyþer man ne child a lyve. And anon þe Captene & iiij oþer burgeȝ brouȝt the keyeȝ vnto þe King, and besouȝt hym of grace; and þe Kinge delyuerd to Ser Iohn Kighley þe keieȝ, and made hym Capteyn, & commawnded hym to put out alle þe Frenschmen, bothe of þe Castell and of the toun. ¶ And þere besyde was þe Castell of Louers; and þedir þe King sent þe Erle Marchall, with a faire mayne, and sawted þe toun; and anon it was yelded vp vnto þe Erle, & brouȝt hym þe keyeȝ, & he brouȝt þe keyeȝ to þe King; & þe King toke to hym þe keyeȝ, and made hym Capteyn of the Castell of Louers & of alle þat longed þerto, and charged him to delyuer oute alle þe F[r]enschmen.

¶ And þan þe King hilde forth his way to Cane, þat was a strong toune and a faire, and a ryalle Castell þerynne. And anon he sent his heroddeȝ vnto þe Capteyn, and Chargyd hym to delyuer þe toun and his Castel, or ellis he wolde hit gete with streynth of hond.

¶ And þai answerd and sayd to him, 'non of hym he toke, ne non þey wolde delyuer vnto hym.' ¶ And þanne anon he leyde his sege to þe toun, and layde gunneȝ on euery syde, and bete adoun both walleȝ & toureȝ, and slow myche pepil yn hir howseȝ & eke yn stretes. ¶ And þe gode Duk of Clarens, he layde doun

þe wallis on his syde vnto þe grounde; and so with ynne a while þe King be his counsel assauted þe toune alle aboute; and anon þe Duk of Clarans had entyrd yn-to the toun, and slowȝ doun ryȝt til þat he come vnto þe King, and spared neþer man ne childe; and euyr þai cryed "a Clarans, a Clarans, Seint George!" & slouȝ doun riȝt; and þere was ded on þe wallis, on þe Kingis syde, a worthi man þat me callid Sprengehose, þe which þe King commaunded to be beryed yn þe abbey of Cane, fast by William Conqueroure: on whose soule, God haue mercy! amen! [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 127a] And thanne þe King come yn-to þe toun, with his Broþer þe Duk of Clarens, and mony oþer worthi lordeȝ, with moche solempnite and myrthe, and þanne þe King commaunded þe Capteyne to delyuer his Castell; and he besouȝt þe King þat he wolde yeue hym xiiij dayeȝ of respite, yef eny rescu wolde come; and yf non come, to delyuer hym þe keyeȝ and þe Castelle atte his owne commaundement. ¶ And vndir þis composicion was the toun & þe Castell of Bayons, with oþer touneȝ, fortaliceȝ & villageȝ, yn-to þe noumbre of xiiij tounes. And vpon þe hylle before the castell of Cane, þe King pyght alle his tentis, þat semyd a toun as moche as Cane. & by þat come tydyngis þat no rescu wolde come þere; and so, at þe xiiij dayes ende, þe Capteyne come out, and delyuered þe keyeȝ and þe Castell to our King; And Bayons and þe oþer xiiij touneȝ weryn delyuerd vnto hym also. and anon þe King delyuerd þe keyes to þe Duk of Clarans, and made hym Capten, both of the toun and of þe Castell, & made hym Capteyn of Bayons, & of al þe oþer touneȝ also, and so entred þe Castell & þe toun also; and þere he hylde his Seint Georgeȝ feste; and þere he made xv Kniȝtis of the Bath. And þe King commaunded to put out alle þe Frenschmen, boþe man & womman; and no man so hardy to defoule no womman, ne take no maner gode away from ham, but late hem passe yn pees, vpon deth; and þere passed out of the toun, yn on day, moo þan xv c wymmen.

¶ And þanne þe King lete stuffe þe Toun and þe Castell with Englisch men, and ordeyned ij Capteyneȝ, on for the toun and a-noþer for the Castell, and chargyd ham, vpon her lyf, to kepe wel the toun and þe Castell. And or he went þenneȝ, he gat valeys Newelyn, & leyde sege to Chierburgh. And þat sege layde þe Duk of Gloucestre with a strong pouer, and be processe of tyme gat it, and made þere a Capteyne. And þe same tyme þe Erle of Warwic layde sege to Dounstount, & gat hit, and put þeryn a capteyne.

¶ And for to speke moore of the Erle of the Marche, þat þe King hadde sette to scom þe see and þe Coosteȝ of Engelonde for enymys, þe wynde aros so vp-on hem, þat þei wende alle for to haue loste her lyveȝ; but þrouȝ þe grace of God, and goode gouernaunce, þey þat were within the Ile of Wight, ryden al þat storme þere. ¶ And þere were lost ij Carrekeȝ & ij balyngers with marchaundis godis, and alle þe pepyl þat were þerynne; & anoþer Caryk droff before Hampton, and drew his Mast ouyr the toun wallis; and þis was on saynt Barthelemeweȝ day. ¶ And whann alle þis storme was cecid, þis worthi Erle of the Marche tooke his schippe with his meyne, and went ayen to þe see, and londid yn Normandy at Hoggeȝ, and so rode forth towarde þe King; and euyr as he cam, þe Frenschmen fledde. ¶ And there com to hym an Antony pygge, and folowed þe ost al þat way tyl thay come tylle a grete wasch; and þere þay drad to haue be ded, for the water closed ham so þat þay myȝt noughere goo out. ¶ But atte þe last, þis pygge [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 127b] and God brouȝt hem out alle saaf; and þere þay cauȝt a gyde that knewe alle the cuntre aboute, and he brouȝt ham þrouȝ quicsonde, and so yn-tille an Ile; and þere they toke meny prysoners yn her way toward the Kyng yn her iourney towarde Cane.

And þere þe King welcomyd hym, and toke his iourney towarde Argenton, & anon it was yolde vnto þe King, and þai

hadde her lyues, & went hir way. ¶ And þanne þe King remeued to a strong toun callyd Cessy, and þere was a fayr Mynstre, and þay yelde it anon vnto þe King. And þe King went anon fro þenneȝ to Launson, and gat þe toun and brigge. And þe King sent þe Erle of Warwic to a toun me callith Belham, with a strong power; and anon þay yelde ham, and put ham yn the Kingis grace: and so dede mony mo stronge touneȝ & castellis þat were in þo parteeȝ. ¶ And fro þennes þey went to Vernyl in Perche; and anon it was yolden to þe King, bothe toun & castell, bodyeȝ and godes, at the Kingis grace. And so þe King gat and conquered alle the touneȝ and Castelles, Pileȝ, Streynthis, and Abbeyeȝ, vnto Pountlarge, & fro þenneȝ vnto the Cite of Roone.

[The Lollard, Sir John Oldcastle.]

¶ And yn þe .v. yere of King Henryeȝ reing þe vthe, Ser Iohn Oldecastell, knight, þat was þe Lorde of Cobbam, was arestyd for Lollardye, and brouȝt yn-to the Tour of London. And anon aftir he brak out of þe Tour, and went ynto Walis; and there he kept hym longe tyme. ¶ And at the laste, þe Lorde Powis mette with hym and tooke hym; but he stode at grete defence longe tyme, and was soore wounded or he wolded be take; and so þe Lorde Powys meyne brouȝt hym out of Walis to London yn a whirlecole; & so he was brouȝt to Westmynstre, & there was examyned of certeyn poynteȝ þat were put vpon hym. & he sayde not nay; and so he was conuycte be þe clergy of Lollardye, & dampned before þe Iustiȝe vnto deth for treson; and so he was hadde vnto þe Tour ayen, and þere he was laide on a hurdil, and draw þrough þe cite to Saint Gyleȝ Felde, & þere was made a new paire of Galows, and a stronge chayne, and a coler of yron for hym, and þere he was hanged and brent on þe galous, & alle for his lewdeness & fals opynyons.

How the King sent his vncle Syr Beaufort, Duk of Excestre, before the cite of Roon, and there displayed his Baner.

And yn the vithe yere of King Harrieȝ regne þe vthe, he sent his vncle, Sir Thomas Beauforde, Duk of Excestre, with a fayre manye of men of armeȝ and archers, a fore þe cite of Roone, & þere displayed his baner, & sent herodeȝ vnto þe toun, and bade hem yelde it vnto oure King, her lige lorde. ¶ And þai saide he toke hem non to kepe, ne non he schulde haue þere, but yf it were ryȝt dere bouȝt and medid with hir handeȝ; for other answer wolde þey non yeve. ¶ And þere þe Duk toke gode avysement of the toun and of the grounde al about; and anon þere yssued out of þe cite a grete meny of men of armeȝ, bothe on horsbak & eke on fote; & anon our mayne mette with ham, [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 128a] and ovirthrew an hep of hem; and there were slayn and take xxx^ti personeȝ of right gode menneȝ bodieȝ; and þe rempnaunt fledde vnto the toun. And þe Duk went ayen vnto Pountlarge vnto þe King and tolde hym alle how he hadde sped, and how hym lykyd þe grounde. ¶ And anon as he was go, þey cast adoun al her subbarbeȝ about þe cite, vnto þe harde grounde, for þe King schulde haue þere non refreschyng at his comyng. ¶ And the Fryday before Lammas day þen next, our King with his ost come before Roone, and layde his sege rounde about þe cite, and anon leet leye his owne ordinaunce vnto the toun. ¶ And þe King and his lordeȝ were logged yn the Charterhous, and gret streyngth about hym, and þat was yn þe est partye of þe cetey. And þe Duk of Clarans loggyd hym at þe westende, yn a wast abbeye before þe porte of Caux. ¶ And the Duk of Excestre yn the North syde, before þe Port Denys; and betwene þe Duk of Clarens & þe Duk of Excestre was þe Erle Marchal logged, with a strong pouer, before þe castell Gate. ¶ And þan was þe Erle of Ormonde, and þe Lorde Haryngton, and þe lorde Talbot with his retynu, next hym; and þanne Ser Iohn Cornewayle, and mony oþer noble kniȝtis of name with hir retynu, lay with þe Duk of Clarens. And from þe Duk of Excestre

towarde þe King weryn logged þe Lorde Roos, þe Lorde Wylughby, þe Lorde Fitȝhugh, and Ser William Porter, Kniȝt, with hir retynu, before þe Port Seint Hillary. ¶ And þan was þe Erle of Mortayne, with his retynu, logged yn þe Abbey of Saynt Kateryne; and þe Erle of Sawlesbery with is retynu lay on þat on syde of Saynt Katerynes; & Ser Iohn Gray, knight, was logged at þe Mount Saint Mychell; and Ser Philippe Leiche, knight, þe Kingis tresore, was logged betwene þe watir of Sayne and þe abbey, and kepte þe warde vndir þe hille. And þe Baron of Carew was loggid on þe watir syde to kepe þe passage, and Iemco þe skquier lay next hym on þe water syde; & þay ij Squiers kept manly þe watir of Sayne, and fauȝt with her enymys oft tymeȝ. And on þat oþer syde of Sayne lay þe Erle of Hontyngton and Maistir Nevyle, þe Erleȝ sone of Westmerlonde, and Ser Gilbert Homfrauile, þe Erle of Kyme, Ser Richarde of Arundell, and þe Lorde Ferrers with hir retynu, before þe Port de Pount; & eche of these lordeȝ hadde strong ordynaunce. ¶ And þe King dede make at Pountlarge, ouyr þe watir of Sayne, a strong and a myȝty Cheyne of Iren, & put it þrouȝ grete pileȝ ffast pyght yn the grounde; & þat went ouyr þe Ryver of Sayne, þat no vessell myȝt passe þat way in no kind. And aboue þat chayne þe King leet make a brygge ouyr þe watir of Sayne, þat man & horse & alle othir [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 128b] Carrage myȝt go to and fro, at alle tymeȝ whanne þat nede were.

¶ And thanne come þe Erle of Warwic, and hadde gote Dounsrount vnto þe King; and anon þe King sent hym to Caudebeek, to besege it. And whenne he com before the toun, he sent hys heroudeȝ vnto þe Capteyne, and bade hym yelde vp þe toun on payn of deth. And anon he layde his sege; & þan þe Capteyne besouȝt þe Erle he myȝt come vnto his presens & speke with hym; and so þe gode Erle graunted hym. ¶ Thanne he come out, and iiij oþer burgeȝ with hym, and Entretyd so with þe Erle þat this toun was vndir composicion to do as þe cite of Roone dede; and þe Erle graunted and consentyd þer-to, vpon þis condicion, þat þe Kyngeȝ Nauey, with his ordynaunce, myȝt passe vp by ham in

saafte, without eny lette or dysturbaunce; and to þis composycion þei sette her seeleȝ, and þe Schippeȝ passed vp by ham yn saafte, & come before þe cite of Roon, into a C. schippeȝ and þere þay cast her anchors, and þanne þis citee was besegid bothe be lond & by watir. ¶ And whanne alle þis was do, and þe schippeȝ come vp, þanne come þe Erle of Warwic ayen vnto þe King, and loggyd hym betwene þe Abbey of Saint Kateryneȝ þe King, til þat þe abbey intret, and was yolde vnto þe King; and þanne he remeved fro þenneȝ, and loggyd hym before þe Poort Martevile. ¶ And þanne was þe Erle of Salusberye commawnde be þe King to make hym redy for to ryde; but þere come hasti tydyngeȝ and made hym to abyde; & so he retourned ayen and logged hym besydeȝ þe Erle of Hontyngton til þe sege was endyd. ¶ And þann come þe Duk of Gloucestre, þe Kinges broþer, from þe sege of Chierborugh þat he hadde wonne & gotoun, & stuffed ayen to þe Kinges behoue & pr[o]fit. And whanne he was come to the King before Roon, anon he logged hym with grete ordynaunce before þe Port Saint Hyllarye, more nygh þe toun and his enymys þanne eny oþer man be xl rodeȝ of lengthe, withynne schotte of quarell; & with hym lay þe Erle of Suffolk & þe Lorde of Bergeveny with alle hir retynu & strong ordynaunce, & manly & proutly fauȝt euery day with hir enymys evere whanne þay issued out of the Cete. ¶ And þanne com þe Pryour of Kylmaynon yn Irelond, ouyr the se vnto þe King, with a fayre mayne of men of armeȝ of hir owne cuntre gise, vnto the summe of xv c of gode monneȝ bodyeȝ. And þe King welcomyd ham, and made ham ryȝt grete chere.

¶ And þanne come tydyngeȝ to the King þat þe King of Fraunce, and þe Dolffyn and þe Duke of Burgoyne, [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 129a] wolde come doun to rescu þe cite of Rone with a strong power of alle maner nacioneȝ, and breke þe sege; and he cast hym to entre on þe North syde of the oste, because þat þere was þe beste entre, and

most playne groun[d]e. And þerfore þe King assyngned þe Priour of Kilmaynon with is power, and logged hym on þe northe syde of the oste, to stoppe hir passage, and was be þe forest of Lions; and of his ordinaunce þei were fulle gladde. And þai went forthe yn haste, and kept the grounde, and þe place þat þe King & his counsel hadde assygned vnto ham; and þai quitte ham as gode warrioures vnto þe King.

¶ Now wyl y telle you which were þe Chyff Capteyneȝ & gouernowres of þis cete of Roone: Mounser Guy Botelere was chyff capteyne, bothe of the cite & of the castell; and Mounser Turmegan, he was capten of þe Port de Caux; Mounser le roch was capteyn de Syne; Mounser Antony, he was lieutenaunt to Mounser Guy Botelere; Henry Chaunfewe, he was capteyne of the Port de Pount, Iohn Matribas, he was capteyne of the Port de la Chastell; Mounser de Peneux, he was capteyne of þe Port Saint Hillary; þe Bastarde of Tyne, he was capteyn of the Port Martivile; and graunt Iakeȝ, a worthi warryour, he was capteyn of alle warryoures, and gouernoure outwarde, bothe on horsbak & on foote, of alle men of armeȝ: whenne þei issued out of the cite, of alle þe portis, he hem arayed as þey schulde countre with our meyne. ¶ And ech of these capteyneȝ hadde v M^l men of armeȝ, & some mo. And at þe first comyng of oure King, þere were noumbred be heroudes ynto an CCC M^l of men, wymmen, & childryn, what yong & olde. And among alle þese was many a manful man of his hand; and so þay prevyd ham whanne þei issued out of þe cite, bothe on horsbak & on foote, for þay come neuer out at on gate alone, but at iij or iiij; and at euery gate .ij. or iij. M^l of gode men of armeȝ, and manfully counted with our Englischmen, & moche pople slayne dyuers tymeȝ with Guneȝ, quarell, & oþer ordynaunceȝ. And þis sege endured xx^ti wokeȝ; and euer þai of the toun hopyd for to haue be rescued; but þer come non. ¶ So at þe laste, þei kept so longe þe toun þere deied mony thowsandeȝ withynne þe toune for defaute of mete, of men, wymmen and chyldryn; for þay had ete al here hors, doggis and

catteȝ, þat were yn the toun. And ofte tymeȝ þe men of armeȝ droff out þe pepyl at the gatis of the touneȝ, for spendyng of vitayle; and anon our Englischmen droff ham yn-to þe agayne. So at þe last, þe capteyneȝ of the toun, seyng þe myschif þat þay were nouȝt rescued, and also þe scarcite of vitayle, & þat þe peple so deied for defaute of mete, euery daye mony thowsandeȝ, and also saue yonge childryn lye & sowke her modir pappis þat weryn ded, þan anon þey sent vnto þe King, besechinge him [Cambridge Univ. Lib. MS. Kk. 1. 12 129b] of his grete mercy & grace, and brouȝt þe keyes of þe toun vnto the Kinge, and delyuered the toun to hym; and alle soudereȝ voyded the toun, with hir hors & harneȝ; and þe comuneȝ of the toun for to abyde and dwelle stille yn the toun, yerely to pay hym and to his successours, for al maner customeȝ, see seruieȝ & quaterymeȝ [blank] Marc. ¶ And þanne þe King entred yn-to þe toun, & restyd hym yn the Castell tylle þe toun were yn rewle and gouernawnce.

APPENDIX C.

FULLER VERSION OF THE TIME FROM 1399-1401. Compare p. 361, 1. 16 ff.

[MS. Rawlinson, B. 173.]

[MS. Rawlinson, B. 173 213a] And at Oxonford were take Sir Thomas Blounte, kniȝt, and Benet Cely, knight, & Thomas Wyntershill, Squier. ¶ And these were be-hedyd and quarterd; And the knightes hedes were set on poles, and brought to London, and set on London Brygge; And the quarters sent forth to other places and townes. And in the same yere, at Pritewell, in a Mille in Essex, there was Sir Iohn Holand, the Duke of Excestre, take with the commons of the Contre. ¶ And they brought him from that Mille vnto Plassh, And to the same place þere as King Richard Arested Sir Thomas of Wodestocke, Duke of Gloucestre. ¶ And right there, in the same place, they smote of the Duke of Excestres hede, and brought hit to London vppon a pole, And hit was sett on London Brigge. And in the same yere, at Bristowe, was take the Lorde Spencer þat King Richard hadde made Erle of Gloucestre. ¶ And the commons of the towne of Bristowe toke and brought him into the Marketplace of the towne; And there þey smote of his hede, and sent hit to London, & hit was set on London Brigge. ¶ And in the same yere was Sir Barnard Brokeys, knight, take and Arested, & putte into the Toure of London And Sir Iohn Shelly, [MS. Rawlinson, B. 173 213b] knight, and Sir Iohn Magdaleyn, And William Ferby, persons of King Richard; And þey were arested and put into the Toure of London. And there come the Kinges Iustices, and satte vpon them in the Toure; And þere they were dampned all iiij vnto deth. And þe dome yeue to Sir Barnard Brokeis, that he shulde come on fote from the Toure, þrough London vnto tyborne, And there to be hanged, and his hede smetyn of. And Sir Iohn Shelly, knight, Sir Iohn Magdaleyn & Sir William Ferby, persons, were drawe þrough-oute London to Tyborne, And there honged, and her hedes smetyn of, & set on London Brige.

And in the same yere King Henry sent Quene Isabell

home ayene into Fraunce, the which was King Richardes wedid wiffe, And yaff her golde and siluer And many other Iuellys; And so she was discharged of all her doure in Englonde. And in the ij yere of King Henry the iiijth, was Sir Roger of Claryndon, kniȝt and ij of his men and the Prioure of Launde, and vij freris Minours, and somme maistres of Diuinite, and other, for treson þat þey wrought a-yenst þe King, were drawe and hanged at Tyborne, all xij persones to-gedyr. And þus was here ende there for her treson.

And in the same yere bigan a discencion and a debate in the Contre of Walys, bitwene þe Lorde Grey Riffyn and Owen Glendore, [MS. Rawlinson, B. 173 214a] Squier of Wales. And this Owen arered a nombre of Walshe-men, And kept all the Contre Aboute right strong, and did moche harme, & distroyed the Kinges townes and lordshjppis þroughoute Wales, and robbed and slewe the Kingys peple, both Englissh-men and Walshe-men: And thus he endured xij yere large. ¶ And he toke þe Lorde Grey Ryffyn prisoner, And kept him ffast in holde tyll he was Raunsomed. ¶ And in the iij yere of King Henry, Owen brent a towne of the Erles of March in Walys, þat hight Kinghton. ¶ And on the morowe after Seint Albones day, was the batayle bitwene Sir Edmond Mortymere and Owen; And þis bataile was on the blacke hyll beside Pymaren. And þer Owen toke Sir Edmond Mortymer, þe Erles brother of the Marche, prisoner, and kepte him long tyme in holde; And at the laste he made him wedde one of his doughters, and kept him there styll with his wiffe; and sone after he died. And þan the King, hering And knowyng that myscheffe, distruxion & treson that þis Owen wrought, ¶ Than anone he ordeyned him a strong power of men of Armes & Archers, And moche other stuffe þat longeth to werre, for-to abate and destroye þe malice of these false Walshmen. And whan [MS. Rawlinson, B. 173 214b] the King come into Wales for-to destroye thys Owen and other rebelles, false Walshmen, Anone they fledden into the Mounteyns; And there might no man do hem harme In no maner wise; but often-tymes they toke Kinges Cariage, and euery day destroyed his peple; but Owen and his men for the most party scaped harmeles, For the King ne his meyne might not come by him in no maner wise, for the Mounteynes. And so the King come into Englond a-yene, for lesing of mo of his peple; and þus he sped not there.

[D]

CONTINUATION OF THE BRUT CONTAINING JOHN PAGE'S POEM ON THE SIEGE OF ROUEN. FROM THE SIEGE OF ROUEN [1418] TO A.D. 1430.

[Galba E. VIII.]

[Galba E. VIII 137a] How kynge henry the v. leide sege to the Cite of Rone, and how he gate the Cite with strengthe and manhode well and worthily.

And in the vi. yere of Kynge Henryis Regne the v; the Kynge sent his vncle Sir Thomas Beauford, Duke of Exeter, with othir lordis and knyghtis, men of armys and archeries, to the Cite of Rone, and there displayid her baneris opynly byfore the cite of Rone, and sent herodis to hem that were withynne the Cite, and bade hem yolde vp the cite in alle haste, that was the kyngis righte, or ellis thei shuld deie an harde and sharpe dethe,and withoute eny mercy or grace.

And there he be-hild the g[r]ounde aboute the Cite, how thei myght beste sette her sege to gete that Cite.

¶ And ansuere wold thei none yeue, but meuyd with her hondis ouyr the wallis, as who seyth 'voydith the grounte and the place that ye ben on'; and shotte tho many gunnys to hem. And thanne there Issewid out of the Cite many men of armys, of Frensshe men on hors bakke, and countrid with oure Engelisshe men, and ffaughten manlyche. And there were sleyne and take of the Frensshe men a grete hepe; and the remanent fledden ayen into the Cite.

¶ And thanne the Duke of Exetir turnyd ayen with his pepull, and come to Pountlarge; and there he met the Kynge, and told hym alle how he had spede and don in his message.

¶ And now for to telle how thei that weren withynne the cite of Rone, had deuowrid and distroyid alle the subarbis rounde aboute the Cite, into the bare grounde, for the Kynge shuld no refute haue, ne non refressynge haue there at his comynge; and how thei had strongly newe dichid, with many othir dispiteffull and cruell ordynauncis that thei coude deuyse and ordeyne, with alle the

ymaginacionys, congettis and sleythis, rounde aboute the cite, ayens the Kyngis hoste, yn-so-moche thei bite and keste adoun the perisshe-chirchis, abbeyis, and alle maner of housyngis more and lesse, in-so-moche that thei hewe adoune alle maner of treis that weren stondynge, in Gardeynys or yn eny othir placis, neighe the cite, and hewe a doune alle the [Galba E. VIII 137b] Busshis that weren stondynge, and made all playne vnto the harde erthe.

And thanne oure Kynge remouyd him from Pountlerge with alle his pepull, and come before the cite of Rone the Friday beforn Lammesse day. And he made ordynaunce, and leide and set a sege rounde aboute the cite, with moche strengthe and grete ordynauncis, so that the Frensshe-men myght no where in no parties ascape away but if thei weren dede and take. And furste the Kynge loggid hym-self in a Geste howse that is callid an hous of charite, with many lordis and strengthe of pepull aboute hym; and that was in the Este partye of that cite. And thanne the Duke of Clarence, his brothir, loggid hym wyth his pepull at an abbey withoute the cite, in the weste ende by the port Kaux. And thanne was the Duke of Exetur loggid with alle his pepull at Port Denyse in the northe syde of that cite. ¶ And thanne, betwix the Duke of Clarence and the Duke of Exetur, was the Erle Marchall loggid, with alle his retenewe and strengthe, bi the castell gate. And thanne was the Erle of Vrmonde and the Lord Aringdon and the Lord Talbot, with alle her retenewe and ordynauncis, next hym. ¶ And thanne Sir John Cornewale, and many othir knyghtis of name, with alle her retenewe and ordynauncis, lay with the Duke of Clarence in his strengthe. And ffrom the Duke of Exetur toward the Kynge, were loggid the Lord Roos, the Lord Wilby, and the Lorde Fytz-Hugh and Sir William Portere, knyght, with alle her retenewe, and loggid hem before the Porte Seint Hillari. And thanne was the Erle of Mortayne loggid, with alle his retenewe and ordynauncis, in the abbey of Seint Katerynys. ¶ And thanne the Erle of Salusbury, with alle his retenewe and ordynauncis, was loggid on that othir syde of this abbey. ¶ And thanne Sir John Gray, knyght, with all his retenewe and ordynauncis, was loggid at the abbey that is callid Mount Seint Mychell. And thanne Sir Philip Leche, knyghte, the Kyngis tresorer, with alle his retenewe and ordynauncis, was loggid

betwene the watir of Sayne and the abbey, & kepte that ward vndir the hille. ¶ And thanne the Baron of Carewe, with alle his retenewe and ordynauncis, was loggid with his compeny alone by the watir-side, to kepe the passage there. And Ienyco the Squyere lay there nexte hym, with his retenewe and ordynauncis, and helpe to kepe the watir syde of Sayne: and manly and worthili he werrid and faught with his enemyes at alle tymes. ¶ And on that othir side of the watir of Sayne, lay the Erle of Huntyngdon, and the Lorde Neuyle (the Erlis sone of Westmerlond), Sir Gilbert Omffreuyle, Sir Richard of Arundell, and the lord Ferreris, with alle hir retenewe and ordynauncis, at Port de Pount.

¶ And thanne the Kynge lete ordeyne and make at the Pountlarge, ouyr the watir of Sayne, a stronge and a myghti cheyne of Iron, and put it thorough piles faste pite in the grounde, ouyr the ryuer of Sayne, that no vessell myght rowe that wei in no kynde. And thanne, aboue that chayne, the Kynge lete make a brygge ouyr the watir, that man and hors and all othir cariage myght passe to and fro at alle tyme whanne nede were.

¶ And tho come the Erle of Warwike, and had goten Domfferauncte, and come doun there the Kynge lay at the sege of Rone; and the Kynge comaundid hym with his pepull to gon to Cawde-becke and besege hit. ¶ And whanne he come before the toune, the gouernouris of the toune come oute, and tretid with the Erle of Warwike, and seid that thei wolde don and be gouernyd aftur the Cite of Rone; and so thei grauntid in composicion, and asselid it vp, in full condicion that thei shuld suffre and lette passe alle oure flete of Shippis by hem, with-oute eny lette or disturburaunce. And so oure Shippis passid alle yn, and come be hem, and comen before the Cite of Rone, and there keste ankre as thikke as thei myght stonde; and so they segid the Cite of Rone bothe watir [Galba E. VIII 138a] and by londe.

¶ And whanne the Erle of Warwike had thus endid and don with the toune of Cawdebecke, and alle the Engelysshe shippis were come vp in the watir of Sayne, and set before the cite of Rone, ¶ Thanne the Erle of Warwike turnyd hym ayen with alle his pepull, and come to the Kynge, and loggid hym with alle his pepull betwyxt Seint Katerynys and the Kynge, tille that an abbey

that was in trete there, was yolden to the Kynge; and thanne anon aftur he went thens and loggid hym, with alle his pepull and ordynauncis at Porte Morteuyle, to kepe that porte of the Cite.

¶ and thanne was the Erle of Salusbury comaundid by the Kynge to make hym redy to ryde. And tho hasty tithyngis come, and returnynge hym ayen, and did hym byde; and there he bode be sidis the Erle of Huntyngdon, tille that the sege was endid, and wonne vp in-to the Kyngis hondis.

¶ And thanne come sir Vmfrey, Duke of Gloucestre, the Kyngis brothir, from the sege of Cherborugh, wiche he had wonne and gotyn be sawte and good fete of werre, and aftur lete hit stuffe with Engelisshe pepull, and with vitaile, and with othir stronge ordynauncis, as longid to werre and to worship and prophite to the Kynge of Engelond. ¶ And whanne he was come doune to fore the Cite of Rone, he loggid hym with his pepull and ordynauncis at the Porte Seint Hillare, more nere his enemyes to the toune thanne eny othir man by xl. rodis of lengthe, with-ynne shotte of Gounne and quarell. And with hym lay the Erle of Suffolke and the Lord Begeyne, with alle her retenewe and alle her ordynauncis; and manfully euyry day they ffaughten with her enemyes whanne they issewed oute of the Cite.

¶ And thanne come the Pryore of Kylmayne, oute of Irlond, ouyr the see, with a feyre compeny of men of armys on her Guyse, the summe of xv. c., good bodyes and manfull men to werre, and come with-ynne Sayne Mouth, and aryuyd and landid at Hareflete, and spede hem in alle haste to the Kynge, and come vnto the sege of Rone: and the Kynge tho welcomyd the pryore of Kilmayne and alle his pepull.

¶ And thanne come tydyngis to the Kynge that the Frensshe kynge, with an huge powere of pepull of dyuerse nacionys, and the Duke of Burgoyne with hym, with an huge compeny of Burgoynys, of Flemmyngis, and of othir Duche tungis, wold come doun to breke the sege, and keste hem to entre on the northe syde of oure hoste, because that there was lefte entre and moste pleyne grounde.

¶ And thanne of Kynge assyngnyd the Pryoure of Kylmayne,

with alle his pepull, to logge hem on the northe side, for to stoppe and kepe the weyis and passagis by the foreste of Lyonys, that none enemyes might come doune that weyis to the sege, with-oute that thei countrid with hem in fight: and of that ordynaunce thei weren fayn and glad; and thei yeden forthe in haste, and kepten the grounde and the place that the Kynge and his counseile had asingnyd hem to; and as good warriouris and as prowde men of armys they shewid hem at alle tymes vpon her enemyes, wherefore the Kynge had hem in heighe cherite for her grete manhode.

¶ Now wolle y telle you who weren the cheeff capteynys and gouernouris of the cite Rone. Furste, Moune-seighnour Guy de Botelere, cheef Capteyne, bothe of the cite and of the Castell; Moune-seighnoure Ternagon, and he was Capteyne of the Porte Cauxs; Moune-seighnoure le Roche was capteyne of Porte Denysine; Moune-seighnoure Antony, he was leue-tenaunte to Moune-seighnoure Sir Guy the Botelere, Henry Chamfewe was capteyne of Porte de Pount; Iohn Matreuas was captayne of Port de la Castell; Moune-seighnoure Peneuxe was tho captayne of Port Seint Hillari; the Bastard of Teyne was tho captayne of Port Marteuyle. ¶ And Graunde Iakis, a worthi warrioure, was capteyne of alle the ordynauncis of oute-warde on hors backe, and on ffote of men of armis, and Issewid oute of the Cite at alle the portis, to don there ffetes yn the poyntis of werre ayens her enemyes; and euyry [Galba E. VIII 138b] of these Captaynys led v. M^li. men of armys and moo.

¶ And whanne alle the comenmalte weren with-ynn the Cite, men myght sen many a M^li; for the heraudis nombrid hem that weren with-ynne the Cite at the bygynnynge of the sege, of men, women and childeren, iij C. M^li. and x. M^li. bodyes, yonge and olde. And amonge hem weren many manfull pepull and hardy, for often tymes they Issewid oute of the Cite, pepull welle yarmyd, on hors backe and eke on ffote, oute of euyry yate an ij or iij M^li. men of armys, welle arayed, and manfully countrid and foughten with oure Engelissh pepull yn dyuerse parties of the sege. And tho that myght ascape, turnyd into the cite home ayen; and thus thei endurid longe tyme; and moche werre come fro the Cite wallis, as shott of Gounnys and quarell, for thei shot euyry day from the wallis and touris of the cite, with-ynne the space of an houre, an

C of Gonne-stonys and moo, and quarellis with-oute nombre; and so thei sloughe and hurte moche Engelisshe pepull.

¶ And oure Kynge lete make an diche all withoute, Rounde a-boute the cite, and strongly stakid it, and heggid it, for these prykeris oute on hors backe, and comaundid Syr Robert Babthorp, knyght and Countroller, to ouyr-se that this werke were don; and he did it make in alle haste. ¶ And thanne they issewid oute on ffote, and fought manly as good werriouris; and tho myche pepull weren slayn on bothe sidis. And they at the wallis and at the touris of the Cite shotten euer Gounnys, quarellis, Trepgettis, Spryngollis; and alwey on the Duke of Gloucestreis side thei diden moche harme, for thei weren loggid nexte of alle pepull to the Cite. And euyr ther come tydyngis newe that the Burgoynys wold come and reskewe the Cite; and for ioye thereof they ronge alle the bellis in the Cite; and fro the ffirste tyme of shittynge of the yatis of the cite they ronge neuyr bellis but for tho tydyngis tille the cite was goten and yolden to the Kynge of Engelond.

¶ And tho the Kynge wende the Frensshe hoste had byn come, and with good wordis comfortid his pepull, and bad hem ben of good chere. And anon tydyngis come ayen that thei were turnyd to Paris-ward ayen. ¶ And thanne with-ynne ffewe dayes thei were come to Pounteyse, the nombre of iiij. M^li good ffightynge men, and welle arayed. ¶ And thanne the Kynge made a kry, and comaundid that euyry mane shuld ligge yn his herneys, and byn at alle tymes redy whanne her enemyes come. And tho the Kynge lete make a lerge duche, alle withoute his hoste, and pight it full of stakes ymade sharpe, that wold perisshe, and with turnepykes, and leid there-by Gounnys redy bent in euyry partye rounde aboute this diche. And the kynge tho comaundid his countroller Sir Robert Babthorp, knyght, to spede in alle haste this were don by his ouyr sight; and so anon this werke was endid.

¶ And anon come tydynges to the Kynge, there as he lay at seege; and this was on the Thorisday, that the ffrensshe hoste lay but xx. myle from hym, and wold byn there on the morough on the Fryday; and the same tydynge come to hem that were with-ynne the Cite. ¶ Of these tydynge oure Kynge made moche ioye and myrthe, and artely thankyd God. And so on

the Fryday oure Kynge rode to the Erle of Huntyngdon, and told to hym a wile and a good ffete of werre, and made hym ordeyne ij. Bateillis of men of armys. ¶ And the ffirste bataill thei and he redenn, and her backes toward the Cite; and that othir bataill come oute of the wode, with standerdis and baneris of the Duke of Burgoynys armys. And these ij hostis metten, as thei had countrid, and foughten to-gederis; but non did othir harme. And this was ordeynyd and don by the kyngis deuyse and conseile, for thei that weren with-ynne the Cite shuld haue vtturly hopid and trustid that reskewis had ben come, and that thei that weren with-ynne the Cite of men of armys shuld boldely haue issewid oute, and ffoughten vtturly with the pepull of the sege; but thei dorste not come oute of that Cite at that tyme, for thei doutid and drad, and supposid to hem but trayne, and wold not issewe oute for drede of dethe, as for that [Galba E. VIII 139a] tyme, but abodyn and lokid aftur helpe, socoure, and reskewis of these Burgoynes, but ther come no comforte to hem. but yet tho afturward the men of armys issewid oute ayen of the Cite as thei did beforn, and ffoughten manfully with oure Engelisshe-men, and myche pepull weren slayne on bothe sydis at dyuerse tymes.

¶ And tho it drewe nere Cristemesse; and by that tyme her vitailis scarsid sore with-ynne the Cite, for they hade nothir bred, ale, nor wyne, but watir and vynegur, that was her drynke. And flesshe nor fisshe they had non, but eten hors, doggis, Mis, Rattis and Cattis; for an quarter of an horse, were he lene or fatte, was tho sold in the Cite amonge the pepull for an C.s. good payment, and an hors hede for xx. s., and a Ratte for xl. d.; and for xiij. s. iiij. d. thei sold a Catte, and a mows for xx. d.; and these wormys weren bought and eten so faste that vnnethe thei fonde eny for to selle for no money. ¶ And tho was a ferthynge lof boght in the Cite for a ffranke. And thanne hem failid bothe whete, and mele, and alle othir graynys that thei myght make of eny brede; but branne and broken wo[r]tis, and nepe-rotis, and lekis, was to hem mete of grete valewe; for a leke was sold for

xij. d., and an Egge for ix d., and an appull for x d.: siche merchaundyse was there with-ynne the Cite a gret while; and ther was many a carefulle creature, for her vitailis were alle wastid and spent, and þey myght come to no new by no maner wey; for the sege that lay withoute, rounde aboute the Cite, wold suffre no vitaile come in, to hem, neythir by watir neythir be londe.

¶ And thanne be-ganne the pepull with-ynne the Cite to deie faste, bothe smale and grete, for the passynge hungur and enfamen that was amonge hem, by C.C. personys and moo day by day; and there as was firste ioy and pryde, and grete boste, tho was there amonge hem weylynge, sorow and care, and wepynge, and wryngynge with hondis. ¶ And though a child shuld deie, the modir wold yeue it no brede ne nought ellis of othir fode, ne wold not departe no morselle though she myght saue the lif of her child of hir body borne, but wold saue her selfe while she myght; for loue and hertly kyndenesse was tho from hem passid. Nor the child wold not profir the modir; for eche of hem caste hymself to leue; for alle kyndenesse and loue tho was sette beside; for euyr the childe wold hide his mete and his drynke fro his modir and from alle his othir ffryndis, for his mete thei shuld not see, for thei ete hit alle in pryuete. ¶ And we may preue by that pepull there, that houngir passithe kyndenesse and eke loue, that made her vnrightwesnesse and her cursid leuynge and pryde that regnyd amongis hem in tho dayes, wherefore God sent hem a yerd of chastisement. But yet thei that kept the wallis and touris of the Cite rounde aboute, be-cause the pepull withoute shuld not knowe nor wete of her grete nede and myschef that thei weren ynne, euyr to hold her courte and contynaunce of opyn werre, bothe with shot of Gounnys and quarellis.

¶ But amonge ther issewid summe pepull of the Cite oute; and they come forthe, and weren take of the wacchemen withoute at the sege Cite. ¶ And they affraynyd hem how it stode with the pepull that weren lefte with-ynne the Cite. ¶ And they ansuerid and told to the Engelisshe pepull of the grete nede,

scarste, hungir and dethe, that was euyry day amongis hem. But our folke wold not beleue nor truste hem, be cause that the pepull with-ynne hilde alle tymes contynaunce like in werre, day be day, as thei did beforne vpon the sege withoute; wherefore thei had hem in no truste in no degre.

And thanne with-ynne a litull while aftur, the worthi men that weren with-ynne the Cite, gederid alle the pore pepull that tho weren with-ynne the Cite, man, woman, and child, and brought hem to the yatis, and put hem oute at euyry porte by an C personys on a rowte, and bad hem helpe hem-self in her beste maner that thei myght, for there thei shold no lenger abyde yn no wyse with hem. ¶ And thanne thei come forthe toward the Engelisshe seege, knelynge on her kneis, and wepynge sore, bothe man, and woman with yonge sowkynge children [Galba E. VIII 139b] in her armys, and olde febull men knelynge besyde hem, makynge there a dilfull crye; for alle they cryed there atonys "haue mercy on vs, ye good and Cristen and worthy men." ¶ And thanne oure Kynge had rewthe on hem and pite, and yaf hem brede and drynke, and made hem turne ayen to the Cite; and there thei kepte hem in the diche, that thei shold not knowe nor here the ordynaunce nor counseile of the seege, ne of her wacche in no wyse, for trayne and treson that myght falle.

¶ And whanne these pore pepull shuld turne ayen, thei made high sorough and grete murmuracion amonge hem-self, and seyden they had leuyr byn sleyn there thanne go ayen into the Cite, and dilfully, with high voycis bannynge and cursynge her owne nacion, for thei that weren with-ynne the Cite wold not suffre hem come in ayen; wherfore y trowe thei diden grete synne and myschieff to hem-self; for meny of him deiden there for colde, that, and thei had byn with-ynne, her lifis might haue byn sauyd and kepte.

¶ And tho was come the tyme of Cristmesse, in whiche oure Kynge did tho grete mercy and relef to his enemyes, at the reuerence of that Glorious feste of the brythe of oure Lorde Ihesu Criste and of his blessid modir, oure Lady Seynt Marye, that

gracious and mercifull virgyne. For, of high pite, mercy and grace, and at the reuerence of that tyme of the holy feste, the Kynge, of high compascion that he had in hert, and of his worthi and excellente manhode, sent oute his heraudis in good araye, bothe to hem that weren wyth-ynne the Cite as welle as with-oute the Cite, on the Cristemesse day self, to hem that lackid vitaile, that thei shold come and haue mete and drynke ynow, in worship of the Feste, and sauf-condite to come and to goo. And thei seiden alle 'gramersis' lightly, as thei had no nede there-to, and set no pryce by his sonde. And vnnethe thei wold graunte space vnto the pepull of her owne nacion to ben releuyd that layn in the diche vndir the Cite wallis, that thei had drouen and put oute of grete myschieff. But two preestis and iiij seruauntis for to brynge hem vitailles, mete and drynke; and if ther come eny moo personys, thei wold shete to hem and sle hem to dethe. ¶ And thanne weren alle these pore pepull set arowe; and these two preestis with her iiij. seruauntis broughten hem plente of mete and drynke, of the Kyngis gracious almys; and so thei weren at that tyme made welle at eese; and replete of mete and drynke. And as thei sete her mete to fonge, this talkynge thei had amongis hem. ¶ "A, almyghty God," thanne thei seide, "the Engelisshe-men by of good and treue herte! Lo, how here this excellent Prynce and Kynge that we thought neuyr to obey vnto, ne neuyr profre ne don hym homage, now hathe he on vs more pite and compassion by a M^ll thanne hathe oure owne nacion; therefore, oure Lord God, that art full of myght, graunte hym grace to wynne and gete his trewe right!" Thus the pore pepull for the Kynge prayde; that God kepe and mayntene hym in alle his nedis. ¶ Whanne thei had thus seruyd alle the pore pepull with mete and drynke, and were welle reffresshid, oure folke turnyd ayen to the Kynge, for the trewse lastid no lengur but that same day.

¶ And whanne the nyght be-ganne to apere and shewe, thanne thei on the wallis beganne newe werre ayen vpon the seege, and wacchidden a ward that full streyte bothe day and nyght with hungir smerte, for that tyme her vitaill weren alle wastid and spente. And meny a worthy body for defaute of lyuelod of mete

and drynke was spent and ded,for euyr grete houngir brekithe herd stonen wall yn hir grete nede; for euyr the lif is dere and suete.

¶ Thanne alle the Capteynys of that Cite, bothe Baillis, Burgeses and communnalte, toke her the counseill with-ynne hem self to trete with the Kynge; and with the pepull the cause pryncipall for the high myschieff that tho was amongis hem of enfamenynge for hungir; for thei knewe welle thei myght note longe endure so; and for the sodeyne and [Galba E. VIII 140a] multitude dethe that was euyry day amonges hem for lakke of ffode, vpon the New Yeris Euyn at nyght, the pepull with-ynne come to the wallis at euyry porte to the seege, and clepedyn a knyght to speke with hem; and there was non man that tyme that hem herd tille thei come to the Porte de Pounte of Sayne. ¶ And that was on that side as the Erle of Huntyngdon kepte the ward. And there thei weren herd, and answerid tho ayen, and askid what thei wold: and thei ansuerid and seid, and prayed at the reuerence of Allmyghty God, if ther were eny gentill knynght that wold here her complaynte, and bere her erende vnto the Kynge. ¶: And thanne oon ansuerid and seid, he was a knyght; and thei preyd hym to telle hys name. And he seid, "my name ys Vmfreuyle;" and thei thankid God and oure Lady that thei had mette with hym, for he was of the old blode of that contre of Normandye; "and we praye you to helpe vs haue an ende betwene youre Kynge and vs." And he seid, "what is youre wille?" and thei seid at fewe wordis: "we haue byn at euyry porte of the City there these Pryncis loggyn before, and haue callid aftur speche of hem; but we coude haue non ansuere: ffirste at the Duke of Clarence, the excellente prynce; and from thens to the Duke of Gloucestre, his worthi brothir; and ofte we clepid, and longe there stode; and so we come doune to the Duke of Exeture, and there we gate non ansuere.

"And at Warwike, that Erle so fre, We callid ofte: it wold not be; And at the Erle Marchall we were. ther was no wight that wold us ansuere. And we haue clepid at all these so moche, But non ansuere we coude gete truliche;

therefore we pray these princis, for Mari sake, And for that Lordis loue that did vs make, As thei ben dukis of high dyngnyte, And cheeftaynys of cheualrye, Vnto the Kynge to prey for vs, And we may fynde hym so gracious; And we wolle gon with you also Vnto the Kynge, and speke hym to, And beseche hym, for loue of that Kynge That made heuen, erthe, and alle thynge, With his witte and his good auyse,— Aboue alle pryncis he is pryse,— And for his owne high pryncehode, and also for his owne worthy manhode, And as he is kynge moste excellent, and to God, but to non othir, obedyent, That regnythe here in erthe by ryght, But only to oure Ihesu full of myght, And with-ynne hym selff Emperoure, and also Almyghti kynge and conqueroure, That he hym-self wold graunte vs space, and sauf-condite, and alle his grace, Nought-withstondynge oure offence, That we myght come to his presence, xij. men of vs by on assent, That lordly Kynge to telle fully oure entent. May we come hym onys to se, With the myght of God so fre, We shull hym shewe, withoute distaunce, that shall hym turne to grete plesaunce."

Quod Vmfray: "this y [as]sent;" and toke his leue, and forth he went, And come to the Duke of Clarence there, and told hym this mater all in ffeere. he thankid God and his modir eke, that oure enemyes were be-come so meke, and that he wold, with good wille, Speke for hem oure Kynge vntille.

lo, so sone this good lord hem vndirtoke, and her mekenesse he nought forsoke. he is a prynce forto comende; but all to fewe of siche ben founde; he is manfull, whanne werre dothe laste, and mercifull whanne hit is paste; Manhode, mekenesse, witte and grace, Is conteynyd with hym in a litull space; he wantith nothynge a prynce shold haue; Almyghti God mote hym saue!

Thanne Vmfrey toke his leue, and his message he went to meue. To Gloucestre thanne did he goo, To Exetur the Duke also, and told hem the tydyngis how it was. thei thonkyd God of his high grace, that her enemyes, ayens her wille, ffor nede of socoure wold yold him tille; and seid thei wold, for Goddis sake, helpe for hem a good ende to make. loo these pryncis of high mekenesse,— [Galba E. VIII 140b] God kepe hem yn hele and from sikenesse!— Though thei haue suffrid peynys smerte, yet haue thei mercy and pite in herte.

Thanne Vmfreuyle, his leue he tace, and passid forthe in his space To erlis and to lordis be name; and thei hym seid all the same. Lo! these cheefenteynys of cheualrie, how thei weren come in cherite! therfore God, of his grete grace, yef hem good spede in euyry place.

thanne on Newe Yeris Day in the morny[n]g, Sir Gilbert Vmfreuyle come to the Kyng, and all this mater to hym he seid: And there of the cite mekely hym prayed.

oure Kynge seid thanne, be good auyse, and also at this owne deuyse,

to graunte that cite all her wille: "let xij of hem come me tille." of all his lordis euyry-chone. ayens it was neuyr oone. lo! that high prynce and kynge so felle, of all erthely creaturis he is welle; lo! how he hathe prouyd hym self manfull, and as a prynce right mercifull; thei that had hym so ofte meuyd, and also hym had gretely greuyd, and also put hym yn grete coste, and of his pepull full meny loste, And withstonde hym of his right,— And now thei byn falle in his myght, and at his wille hem to greue, yf he wol put hem to myscheue; and thanne hym-self to light so lowe, of her wille to wete and knowe, and also to graunte hem to trete: that was heigh mercy and cherite. Sithe that thei had hym so agilte, and lithe in hym to don hem ben spilte; he grauntid hem grace and merciful mekenes: ffor-sothe, a child of God, y wot he is; of goodnesse and uertu he wantith no thyng; that his preisynge for a kynge. therefore Criste, for his passion, kepe hym in right compassion! whanne the kynge had grauntid, as y haue told, to Vmfreuyle, the knyght so bolde The Kynge seid, "sir, whanne shalle this be? If thei wille to-morrowe, let see."

Thanne Vmfreuyle of the kynge leue hent. And to that cite anon he went. and whanne he kome at that gate,

the statis of the cite he fonde the[r]ate. he seid: "y haue be with oure Kynge, and he hathe grauntid youre askynge. to-morowe, be-tymes loke ye be yare, ffor xij of yow shull to hym fare: and syn ye shull gon hym to, My counseill y rede that ye do. to-morow y wote that ye shulle se The rialliste prynce of Cristiante; To syche a prynce neuer ye spake, ne so loue a worde can take. Theynke with hert byforn youre tonge, leste youre tongis byn to longe: speke but fewe, and welle hem sette To that prynce whanne ye byn mette; ffor a word wronge oute of ward Might make you to fare fnll herd, Therefore, of wordis loke ye ben wise, and sei no thynge withoute good avise."

thanne thankked thei hym full curtesly, and of his god lore seid, "gramercy; that ye wold vs so moche good teche, or that we come to that worthi princis speche." he seid "adieu!" and went his wey, the seturday aftur neweyeris day.

and at that houre of day be pryme, Sir Gilbert Vmfreyuyle come that tyme; of the Kyngis squyeris weren sent, that tyme wyth hym verayment, and yomen of the crowne also, with hym assyngny were to goo, thei went to Sein Hillariis Gate: anon the xij men come oute there-ate: iiij knyghtis and iiij clerkes, and iiij burgeys, wise of werkes: alle thei were clothid in blacke,

comly of chere, and feire thei spake. whanne thei were come to the hous of charite, thenne oure Kynge, at messe was he; with-ynne the chirche thei did lend the[r]tille that the messe was at the end.

tho come forthe the Kynge withoute let, there as he had knelid in his closet, with chere so cheuetayneliche, with so lith light a loke, and lordliche, and so right solent senblaunt, and sad: to se that lord men mygh[t] be glad.

as sone as the Frensshe-men hym did see, [Galba E. VIII 141a] To-forn hym thei fille on kne. he blenchid on hem with stately chere; he ne wiste what thei were: thei enclinyd hem with meke speche, And a bille to hym thei did reche. he taught a lord to take her bille, and sumwhat he turnyd hem tille: what it ment, y hard say; tretise thei wold, be eny way; Thei be-sought hym, for Goddis sake,— that heuen and erthe and alle did make, Bothe este, weste, northe and southe,— 'that ye wolld here oure speche be mouthe.' the Kynge bad hem speke and sey her wille; and thei were fayn, and knelid stille. The seid, "we you beseche and prey, ffor His loue that deid on good Friday, And for his Modiris loue so fre, considre now on vs now, for charite! the pore pepull that byn withoute, In our dichis rounde aboute, Thei lien there for faute of breed; and for defaute many byn dede. haue ye pite hem vppon,

and yeue hem leue thens to gon." ffull still the Kynge stode all that while, and nouthir did laugh nor smyle; but with a countynaunce so clere, and also with a cheuetaynly chere, nothir to myld nothir to straunge, But ay in oon withoute chaunge, his countenaunce did not abate, but alwey stode in oon astate.

And tho hym luste to yeue ansuere, he seide: "y put hem not there, into the diche of that cite; I put hem not there; and that wote ye. Thei were not put there at myn ordynaunce, ne non shull passe at my suffraunce; Thei abode there while thei mought;"— and so he seide to hem full ryght;— "and as to you, ye knoue welle this: ye haue offendid me with mys, and from me kepte my cite, the whiche that is heritage fre, and shuld be my liege men."

They ansuerid and seid thanne: "Off this cite that we here kepte, we haue a charge, and that a depe. hit vs bitak oure souyrayn liege. For to deffend hit from saught or sege; and we ben his liege men born, and also holesy to hym we ben sworn. and also of the Duke of Burgoyne so fre, A grete charge of hym had we; but wold ye now, of youre highe grace, Graunte vs alle lif and space, that summe of vs myght to hem goo, and warne hem botho of oure woo, and of oure ferthe vs to excuse;

ffor many of vs woll them refuse, and to you yelden oure cite, and alle youre owne liege men be."

The Kynge seid, "y do you oute of doute, My cite y wolle not gon withoute. and as touchynge to youre Frensshe liege, ye wote welle that y hold this sege; and the Duke of Burgoyne also, alle thei wete welle, bothe two; ffor alle the while that y here haue byn, Messageris haue go betwene; and yf thei like to neigh me nere, thei weten welle to ffynde me here; ffor y wolle not hens goo withoute my right, for frynde nor ffoo, sith thei so longe beforn it knewe. and nowe to sende hem message newe, it were to hem no newelte, and to us but superfluite. Siche message wol y non sende; it is no nede, so God me amende!"

And whanne the Kynge had yeue that ansuere, of the mater spake thei no more; þay seiden, "feire it is to wynne Rone, with the men that ben ther-ynne."

The Kynge seid: "it is myn owne londe; I woll it wynne though ye it with-stonde, and ye mowe there-ynne so deserue, ye shull be reward aftur as ye serue!" with that word thei weren aflayid.

thanne spake a clerke, and thus he seid: "souyrayne lord, if ye woll take hede In stori that ye may rede, how ij sheuetaynys a day had set, and with ther hostis thei weren met, bothe arayid in a felde,

and weren redi batalle to yelde: The weyker party of the men thanne brought the biger parti brede and wyn, In tokenyng that thei shold be [Galba E. VIII 141b] Grace, mercy, and eke pite: and nowe we brynge you bred and wyn, and Rone that cite feire and fyne." "Rone," he said, "is my herytage, I wille haue it withoute fage. And fro this tyme y rede ye do, that mercy and grace may come you to. And at the reuerence of god allmyght and of Mary his modir, that maiden so bright, Of trety y graunte you space; And if ye wille ye may haue grace." thanne seid thei, "sir, pur charite, how wille ye to youre pore pepull be, that in diches suffryn pyne, and for defaute deie as suyne?" The Kynge ansuerid hem with wit full wise: "Thereof woll y take myn a-vise, as God put hert, mynde, and wille, So will y do that pepull vntille: as he me redithe, y wille hem rewe." with that he went and seid "adieue!"

The ffrensshe men, that same while, fforthe thei went with Vmfreuyle; And toward the cite as thei yode, thei spoken of oure Kynge so goode: Thei seiden, "he is, to oure advise, of alle erthely kyngis moste vise, takynge reward to his chere and to his contynaunce in fere, To his person and propurte, to his ffeturis and beaute, And to his depe discrecion that is in his possession, and to his passynge pryncehode,

and to his discrete and worþy manhode; ffor he is mercyfull in sight, and askithe nothynge but his right: These vertuis byn a passynge thynge, That byn with-rynne siche a kynge. how shuld he do but wynne honour? how shuld he be but a conquerour? welle he dothe withoute dene; God hym loue, and that is sene."

Thus the Frensshe men, of the Kynge talkithe, Toward the cite as thei walkithe. her leue at Vmfreuyle thei toke, Into the Cite, and hym forsoke.

On that othir day nexte, erliche, the Kynge made two tentis to picche,— On for the Englisshe, and on for the Frensshe; And bothe thei stode in Gloucestre trenche,— Though the stormys were neuyr so grete, drie-hedid that thei myght trete.

whanne bothe pauylownys weren pight, thei went to trete with all her myght. Warwike, that erle so wise,— ffor in our partye he bare the pryce;— Salusburi, that erle so treue, and also the Lord Fithe-hughe, and the Kyngis steward, Hungurford, By name y can no moo record; and from that cite come hym to mete, xii. of the Frensshe that weren discrete. hit was a sight of solempnite ffor to behold bothe parte; To see the riche in her araye; and on the wallis the pepull that laye; and on oure pepull that weren withoute, how thike that thei walkid aboute; and the herowdis, semely to sene, how that thei went ay betwene;

the Kyngis horoudis and pursiuauntis In cotis of armys amyunauntis; The Englisshe a beste, the Frensshe a floure, of Portyngale bothe caste and toure, and othir cotis of dyuersite, as lordis beren in her degre. Good-liche with gold thei were be-gon, Right as the sonne on hem shon.

this sight was to hem a sory chere; of sorow and pyne thei weren full nere; of that pore pepull that weren put oute; thei had[den] vnnethe a cloute; The clothis that weren on her backe, kept hem there from reine and racke; The wethur was to hem a peyne, ffor alle that tyme it stode be neyne.

There men myght se a grete pite, a child of two yere or thre Goo aboute and begge his brede, ffor ffadir and modir bothe lay dede. and vndir hem the watir stode; and yet thei lay cryynge aftur foode. Summe storuen to þe dethe, and summe stoppid bothe yen and brethe; And summe crokid in the kneys, and as lene as eny treis; and women holdynge in her arme a dede child, and nothynge warme; And childeren soukynge on the pappe [Galba E. VIII 142a] Withynne a dede womanys lappe; There men myght ffynde ffull ryue, x. or xij. deie, ayens on alyue. and thei knewe not of dethe, So preuely thei yolden vpe the brethe, withoute noyse or eny cry; as thei had slept, so did thei dey.

These were sightis of differaunce, that on of ioye, that othir of penaunce,

as heuen and erthe had partid on twoo, that on to wele, that othir to woo. ther was neuyr kynge so straunge, To see that sight, but his hert wold chaunge, and wold considre to that syght, he shuld be pensiff, and moche light.

there men myght lerne in her lif, what it is, ayens right to strif; ffor while it lay in her lotte, thei were ffulll cruell (God it wotte), and mercy they wold non haue tille nede come that thei moste craue; and yet for alle her wikkid wille, Mercy thei were take vntill. Now of that pepull let we be, and of oure tretis speke we.

we hem chalengithe and accusithe, and thei ansuerithe and excusithe. we askid mykill, and thei proferid small, that is yuyll to accord with all; tho thei tretid an xiiij nyght, and yet accordid thei ne myght.

thanne the tretise thei broken in haste, and bethe tentis adoun were caste. thanne the Frensshe men hem be-thought, her owne bale that thei had wrought. whanne thei shuld her leue take, thei preyed oure lordis, and this thei spake: "For the loue of God Almyght, contenew this tretise to mydnyght; And yf we clepyn, that ye wille speke with-ynn that tyme, we you be-seke. that we mowe haue eudyence fforto here oure euydence."

Quod the Englisshe lordis, "that, we assent." thei toke her leue, and forthe thei went. to the Kyng our lordis passid, and tolde hym all these materis faste,

how thei lefte, and in what issewis, and how thei contynuyd the trewis. yet the Kynge was mercyfull in mode: That thei had grauntid, he not withstode. Thei passid forte with simpull chere, Into that cite alle in fere.

Sone in the toun it was yspoke that the trewis was tho broke. the pore pepull alle aboute, on the riche thei made a showte, and seiden, "ye fals cherlis! and also ye murtherreris and manquelleris! will ye take no reward to vs tha[t] suffren here so herd, and deiden here euyry day? welle we thanne telle may; and also rennyth vpon oure coste, and in youre defaute we ben loste. we pray to God that ye mote ansuere, be-fore that iuged that suffrid sore on Caluery, vpon the rode, and bought vs with His blessid blode, that ye ben gilty in this case. we you apele byfore His face! wold ye obeye you to youre liege, thanne wold he come lere his sege; but for youre goodis ye abide, and for youre pompe and for youre pryde ye nyll enclyne to oure Kynge, but rathur lese vs for hungerynge. but ye accord with oure wille, right here anon we shull you kyll; and he shall come into his right. and yf ye it wihtstonde, we shall fight, leuyr thanne thus to lye here, and be enfamenyd alle in ffere." they seide they dede it for a skylle. alle that we do ys for a wile,

to excuse vs to that fode, that we pay hym but litull goode.

thei semblid thanne all that cite; and euyry man seid in his degre: "no nede is to counseill goo; ther is no moo but of two: ffor to dellyuyre vp this clos, or to be dede here: this is to chos."

to the Porte of Seynt Hillary thei went, and clepid oute by on assent. tho ansuerid hem a knyght anon, that was clepid Robesard, Sir Iohn: "sirrys," he seid, "what is youre wille?" thei ansuerid and seid hym tille: "we you be-seche, pur charite, [Galba E. VIII 142b] And for the honoure of cheualrye, that ye for vs woll speke youre speche to the Duke of Gloucestre, and hym beseche So for us to the Kynge to prayne, That we nounght mowe trete ayayne. we wolle submitt to his wille, and alle that longith hym vntille, oure prosonys and oure possessionys, alle to dispose at his discrescionys."

whanne that Robesard the Duke had told, ffor hem to speke in haste he wold: he meuyd his vnto oure Kynge, and he hym grauntid newe tretynge Of Caunturbury the Erchebisshop fre: at Seynt Katerynys thanne lay he. whanne he was knowynge of that care, at his herte he toke it sare; to the kynge sone he wente, and hym be-sought with good entente, that he myght wende to that cite, and speke with her spryrytuate, and to be meue of that trete;

and help a fynall pees to be.

the Kynge hym grauntid anon right. two pauylonys anon were pight, with-ynne the trenche that thei had ben. the erchebisshop pight his owne betwene; So was that state of spiritualte there for to make an vnity. They tretid day, they tretid nyght, with candill and torchis bryght; thei tretid iiij dayes in that place, and tho made an ende, thorough Godis grace. whanne they knewe a clousion, the Frensshe men made a peticion; her worship for to saue, But viij dayes forto haue, That thei myght send to tho Frensshe Kynge and to the Burgoynys, this tydynge, In what degre they stode, and howe, willynge hem to haue reskowe.

it was a poynte of cheualre; The kynge hem grauntid with hert fre, that thei myght bothe knowe and kenne how that it shuld be, and whanne.

Now to my tale will ye tende, and y shall you tell her poyntemente: In viij dayes, as y you tolde, yf no reskowis come to that hold, They shuld dellyuere that cite, And alle the burgaysis, Englisshe to be, and to oure Kynge, of money sounde, to pay oure Kynge .l. M^li, li.; and more, they shuld vndirtake, a castell for oure Kynge to make, withynne in half yeris, withoute let; and vpon Sayne it shuld be set. and thei to haue her ffraunchisis fre, as it was wonte in olde tyme to be. And no man withynne her cite selle,

But citezenys that ther-ynne duelle, And he that was a Normaunt borne, And an Englisshe man sworne; prysoner and othir, as hit was skille, oure Kynge to raunsom at his wille; and alle the sowdyouris that there were, her goodis to lese, and goo bare In her dowbelettis oute of the toune; and yet oure Kynge yaf euyry man a goune. This was the compasicion, and made be good discrecion.

thanne Graunde Iakis anon present, aftur reskewe he was sent; and of that message he was full fayne. to Rone he come nought ageyne; but a messagere thedur he did sende, and bad hym haue do, and make an ende, and did hem to wete (y telle you trewe,) Ther was no reskewe that he knewe.

the viij day (the trowthe to telle), in the feste of Seint Wolston, that day befell, and this was vpon a Thorysday. oure Kynge thanne, in good aray, ffull rialliche in his astate, as a conquerowe, there he sate, with-ynne a hous of cherite, to resseyue the keyis of that cite.

mou sir Guy the botelere, and burgeisis of that cite in fere, to the Kynge the keyis they brought, and of legaunce hym besought.

to Exeter, oure Kynge souerayne, comaund the keyis, and to be capteyne; and the Duke tho charchid he to resseyue that cite, and entre in his name that nyght, and assygnyd to hym many a knyght.

thanne the Duk of Exeter, withoute bode,

toke his hors and forthe he rode to Benysyn that porte so stronge, [Galba E. VIII 143a] That he had lay before so longe. To that yate sone he cam, and with hym many a worthi man; There was neyinge of many a stede, And shynynge of many a gay wede; There was many a geton gay, with mychill and grete aray.

and whanne the yate was opynnyd there, thei weren redy, in to fare: Trompis blewe her bemys of bras, pipis and clarionys, for-sothe ther was; and as thei entrid, thei yaf a showte with her voyce: thei were full stowte. "Seint Gregori! Seint Gregori!" thei cride on hight, and seide "welcome oure kyngis right!"

the Frensshe pepull of that cite were gederid be thousandis hem to se: thei criden alle "welcome" in fere; "in siche tyme mote ye entre here, plesynge to God that it may be, and to vs, pees and vnyte."

and of that pepull, to tell the trewthe, yt was a sight of ffull grete rewthe: mykill of that folke ther-ynne, thei weren but very bonys and skyn, with ey-on holow, and nose sharpe, vnnethe thei myght brethe or carpe; ffor her colour was wan as lede, not like to lyf, but sone byn dede; disfigurid patrouys and quantite, and as a dede Kynge thei weren paynte.

there men myght se an exampleyre how foode makithe the pepull feyre: In euyry strete, summe lay dede, and hundris cryinge aftur brede; and aftur longe, meny a day,

thei died as faste as thei myght be laid away. In-to that wey, God hem wisse, that thei may come to his blisse! Amen!

Now wille y more telle spelle, and of the Duke of Excestre to telle.

to that castell firste he rode, and sithen the cite alle abrode, lengthe and brede he it mette, and riche baneris he upsette, vppon the Porte Seint Hillary, a banere of the Trynyte; and at the Porte Baux he set euyn a banere of the Quene of Heuen; and at Porte Martuyle he vp pight Of Seint George a baner bright. he set vpon the castell to stonde, The armys of Fraunce and of Engelonde.

And on the Fryday, in the mornynge, Into that cite come oure Kynge, And alle the bisshopis in her aray, and vij abbotis with crucchis gay: xlij crossis there were of religion, and seculer; and alle thei went in prosession ayens that Prynce withe-oute the toune; and euyry cros, as thei stode, he blessid hem with mylde mode; and holy watir, with her honde, They yaf the Prynce of oure lande. and at the Porte Cauke so wide, he passid yn withoute pryde; withoute pype or bomys blaste; oure Kynge, worthili he paste, and as a conqueoure yn his right, thankynge euyr God Almyght. and alle the pepull in that cite, "welcome oure lord! thei seid so fre, "welcome into thyn owne right,

as it is the wille of God Almyght!" with that, thei cryed alle 'nowelle' as high as thei myght yelle. he rode vpon a browne stede; of blake damaske was his wede; a peitrell of gold full bright aboute his necke hynge doun right. and a pendaunt be-hynde hym did honge vnto the erthe, it was so longe. and thei that neuyr byforn hym did se, thei knewe by chere whiche was he.

To the mynstur did he fare, and of his hors he light thare. his chapell mette hym at the dore there, and went before hym alle in fere, and songe a responde full glorious, 'Quis est magnus dominus.' Messe he hard, and offryd þoo, and thanne to the castell did he goo, that is a place of rialte, and a paleis of grete beaute. there he hym loggid in the toune with riall and grete renoune.

and the cite faste did encrese, of bredde and wyn, fisshe and flesshe; and thus oure gracious liege Made an ende of his sege.

[Galba E. VIII 143b] and alle that haue herd this redynge, To his blisse, Criste you brynge, That for vs deied vpon a tree! Amen! sey we alle pur charite.

And in this yere was quene Iohna, that was Kynge Henryis wiff the iiij.^e, arestid be John, Duke of Bedfford, thanne Lewtenaunt of Engelond, and sent to the castell of Ledis in kent, to abide the wille and grace of the Kynge.

¶ And in the same tyme maystur Randolf, the gray ffrere, was taken in the yle of Gernesey, and was brought to the castell of

Chirbourne in Normandye, for treson that she wrought ayens the Kynge.

¶ And at Wittesontyde the Kynge lay at Maunt with alle his lordis; and there he hild his rialte and feste at that tyme amonge alle his pepull. and tho was maystir Randulf the Grey ffrere, and his beaupere, brought fro the castell of Cherborugh to Maunte there the kynge lay; and from thens the ffrere Randulf was brought to London, and put in-to the Toure in prison, by comaundement of the Kynge. And so by processe longe aftur the persone of the Toure and this ffrere Randulf fillen in debate and stryffe withynne the Toure ward; and there this persone smote this ffrere Randulf, and sloue hym; and thus he made his ende of the world.

¶ And at this same feste of Wittesontide, the Kynge made two newe lordis in Normandye: that on was the Capdowe of Burdeux, and he was made Erle of Langle; and Sir John Grey, Erle of Tankyruyle.

¶ And in the same tyme come the Embassitorys of Fraunce into Maunte, there the Kynge of Engelond lay, to haue a day of trete to the whiche trete the Kynge of Fraunce shuld come hym self and hys Quene, and Dame Katerene his doughtir, and the Duke of Burgoyne, with the othir counseile of Fraunce. And there the day and place was assignyd and take for bothe pertyes besyde this toune of Melange. And there was the feld rially apparaylid of tentis and pauylownys on bothe sidis, bothe for Engelisshe and Frensshe; and this fild was listid and palid alle rounde aboute in bothe sidis. ¶ And in the Frensshe side stode a pale dichid, for mistruste that they had of the Engelisshe pepull, and on bothe sidis serteyne men of armys weren assyngnyd for to kepe the fild, and in the myddis of this felde stode a pauylowne rialle, with a large Egull gilte, for Kynge Henry of Engelond. ¶ And a tente stode aforn ayens it, for the Frensshe kynge. And in this pauylown and tente, by ordynaunce made, shuld no pepull come but tho that werne sworen on bothe sidis to the Counseille, vp peyne of dethe.

¶ And on the Engelisshe partye was ffirste, Henry the King of Engelond, and Thomas his brothir, the Duke of Clarence, and Sir Vmfray, his othir brothir, Duke of Gloucestre, and Sir Thomas Beauford, Duke of Exetir, and the nobull Erle of the Marche, and

the Bisshop of Wynchestir, Sir Henry Beauford, the Kynges vncle, and othir Bisshoppis, and erlis, barony and lordis, and othir clergye, knyghtis and squyeris, that weren assyngnyd to the nombre of this trete.

¶ And on the Frensshe partye ther shuld be the Frensshe Kynge; but he come not, for his infirmyte was come on hym, that he myght not come there at that tyme. ¶ But the Quene come, and Dame Kateryne hir doughtir, and the Duke of Burgoyne, and xxvj ladyes in good aray, with othir lordis of the counseill of Fraunce. And vij dayes they tretid and they myght not accorde; and tho weren the pauylonys and the tentis taken vp and born awey, and the ffeld broken vp, and euyry man went his wey.

¶ And tho the Kynge of Engelond, with alle his lordis and all his pepull, turnyd ayen and come to Maunte. ¶ And thanne this Erle of Gascoigne toke his retenewe with othir Engelisshe men, and come be nyght, and stale the toune of Pounteyse of the Frensshe men, and drof hem oute; and so thei fled; and so the toune was wonne; and there-ynne was myche rychesse. ¶ And whanne the Kynge [Galba E. VIII 144a] herd this, he sent his brothir Thomas, the Duke of Clarence, with his pepull thidur to Pountese, and made hym captayne there-of. And thanne he toke his pepull and issewid oute, and come to-fore the Cite of paris with x. M^li. men of armis; and there they lay two dayes and two nyghtis, and no pepull proferid oute to hem; and tho they turnyd and went ayen to Pounteyse.

¶ And thanne the Duke of Burgoyne, seynge that they myght not accorde with the Engelisshe party; tho the duke of Burgoyne and his counseile come to the Dolfyn, there he lay, to trete with hym, to se and knowe how they myght beste voyde the Kynge of Engelond with alle his pepull oute of the Rewme of Fraunce by theyre good counceill. ¶ And thanne the Dolfyn and his counseill tho answerid and seide, "like as he had brought, he shuld brynge hem oute:" and so they fille in altercacion and strif with-ynne hem self; and there they sloue the Duke of Burgoyne and othir lordis that come with hym, in her counseill chambre.

¶ And whanne tydynges come to the Frensshe kynge and to his counseill, and to alle the Burgeysis of Paris, that the Duke of

Burgoyne was thus slayne and dede, and his othir ffelawship, thanne were they sory and yvell payde, and weren tho redles, and wiste not what to don. ¶ And thanne the Frensshe kyngis counseill, and the grete and worthiest Burgeysis of Parys token her counseill with all the countre aboute Parys, and come and tretid with the Kynge of Englonde and his lordis and grauntid hem her askynge, that Henry the Kynge of Engelond shuld haue dame Kateryne the Frensshe Kynges doughtir to wif, with all his othir askyngis, and the Kynge of Engelond toke his lordis and othir of his men, and made grete puruyaunce and ordynaunce that he wold haue for his maryage.

¶ And so the Kynge wente into Troys in Champeyne there they shold byn weddid; and thedur was Dame Kateryne brought with grete rialte; and there they were worthiliche welcomed and resseyued of all the pepull there. ¶ And there the Erchebisshop of Caunturburi, Sir Henry Chichele, and othir Engelisshe Bisshoppis and Frensshe Bisshoppis diden this solempne seruyce there, and weddid hem togederis there by ordynaunce of God and holy chirche, with honoure and grete ioye. And there he made a rialle and a passynge worthi solempne feste to alle the pepull that come, the Monday nexte aftur the Trynyte day in the yere of his regne the vij^e.

¶ And aftur this rialle and solempne weddynge, the Kynge and the Quene, with her pepull, come doune to Rone, and there they dullid a longe tyme, and in the contre aboute Roone, till he sawe his tyme to come in-to Engelond with Dame Kateryne the Quene, his wif; and ordeynyd, or he come oute of Normandye, Thomas his brother, the Duke of Clarence, to be his leef-tenaunte of Normandye, and of alle othir londis that he had in that contre of Fraunce, and lefte hym pepull and stuffe ynow to maynteyne and kepe his right that he had goten, vnto his ayencomynge, and byraught hym to God.

¶ And tho aftur the Kynge and the Quene come to Caleys, and so ouyr the see into Engelond, and Dame Katerine his Quene with hym. And they landid at Douyre in Kente; and there come a grete multitude of men of the contre aboute, and in goode aray on horsbacke, and welcomyd hem with alle honoure and reuerence that thei myght, and so brought hem to the cite of Caunturbury; and there were thei worthily welcomyd of alle the pepull of alle the contre of Kent, and yoven vnto hir grete yeftis, and so come

ridynge with hem thorough Kente, and brought the Kynge and the Quene to his maner of Eltham, and there restid hem awhile tylle they wold come to London.

¶ And the meyre and aldremen, with alle the commnalte of the Cite of London, lete ordeyne and make many diuerse shewyngis and sightis thorugh the high stretis in the Cite, with many othir presentis and yeftis, bothe [Galba E. VIII 144b] to Kynge and Quene at the comynge into the Cite. ¶ And that day that the Kynge and the Quene remeuyd from the maner of Eltham, the Meyre and aldremen, and the communis of London, in good araye of white garmentis and rede hodis or rede kappis,—and euyry crafte, a dyuersite on her garnement to knowe euyry crafte be hym-self,—and all on hors backe, with clarionys and all maner of lowde mynstrelsie, in honoure and comforte of the Kynge and of the Quene, and to the glorious and riall sight of straungeris that come with hem ouyr from the see, and for the grete worship of the worthi Cite of London, the Meyre and his aldremen, with the worthi pepull of the cite, the nombre of xxx M^li men and moo, abyden and houyd on her hors on the Blake-Hethe in Kente, abydynge the Kynge and the Quenys comynge. ¶ And tho, whanne they were come, they weren reseyuyd reuerently and worthyli, with alle hymylite and obeysaunce of alle pepull and men, with alle the melodye that they had, and so brought hem into the cite, and so to the Toure of London; and there the Kynge and the Quene restid hem.

And on the morow, aftur Quene Kateryne come fro the Toure to her coronacion to Westminster, and tho the Meyre and the aldremen and alle the Commnes of the cite, that is for to seye, euyry crafte in her beste clothynge, with alle her melodye and mynstralsie, went alle on ffote tho, and brought the Quene thorugh the Cite. And there was don and shewid to hir alle the rialte of sightis that myght be don to her comforte and plesaunce, and euyry strete hongid rychely with riche clothis of gold and silke, and of velewettis and clothis of araas, the beste that myght be gotyn; and so the pepull brought hir thorugh the cite to Westminster, to the Kyngis paleys.

¶ And thanne the nexte day sewynge the Sonday aftur the feeste of Seynt Mathy apostill in lente, Dame Kateryne the Quene

was crounyd in the Abbey of Westeminster, with alle the grete and worthi Bisshoppis of this londe, with alle the solempnite and rialte that myght be don and ordeynyd; and the ffeste holden in the paleis opyn to alle pepull, straungeris and othir that wold come, of alle maner rialteis of metis and drynkys.

¶ And on the efter-euyne nexte sewynge, Thomas, the Duke of Clarence, tho issewid oute from the place there he lay, with a lytull meyne, to knowe and se the place and grounde where the Dolfynnys pepull, Armynackis and Scottis, had ordeynyd to mete and to fight with the Engelisshe men, and to yeue bataill. ¶ And as the Duke of Clarence come with his folke by the watir of Leyre vpon this eftur euyn aforn seide, the Erle of Armynacke with the dolfynys meyne and his and a grete nombre of Scottis mette with the Duke of Clarence and his meyne by this watir of Leyre; and there they foughten to-gederis; and at the laste there was the Duke of Clarence slayne, and othir moo with hym; and there was take prisoner the Erle of Huntyngdon and the Erle of Somersette and his brothir, and the Fytz-Watir, and othir moo. ¶ And aftur, the Bastard of Clarence come and gate his ffaderis body, and did so brynge it into Engelond, and so to the abbey of Criste-chirche of Caunturbury, and was there enterid and buryed besides Kynge [Henry] the iiij^e. his ffadir, on whos soule oure Lord God haue mercy! Amen!

¶ And also in the same yere, betwene Cristemesse and Candilmasse, the toune of Milon was yolden to the Kynge; and all the cheueteynys, with the soudiourys, were taken, and led to the Cite of Paris in the croke of the mone, they myght sey; for of hem ther scapid thens but a fewe on lyue. And sone aftur, Kynge Henry the vj. was born in the castell of Wyndesore, the day of seynt Nicholas the Bisshop, the yere of oure Lord Ihesu Criste. M^li. cccc.xxj., whos godfaderis and godmodris at the fontstone weren these: sir Henry Beauford, Bisshop of Wynchestir, and Iohn, Duke of Bedford; and the Duchesse of Holond was his godmodir; and at his confirmacion the Erchebisshop of Caunterbury was his god ffadir.//

How whanne Kynge Henry herd of his brotheris dethe, Thomas, the Duke [Galba E. VIII 145a] of Clarence, ordeynyd a newe retenewe, and wente ouyr the see in grete haste, & leid sege to Mewis in Bry, with his pepull. //

And in the vj. yere of Kynge Henryes regne the v ÷, come tydyngis in-to Engelond how that Thomas his brothir, the Duke of Clarence, was sleyne by the watir of Leyre, wherefore the Kynge was heuy and wrothe; and in all the haste that he myght, he ordeynyd hym a newe retenewe of men of armys and archeris, with alle maner of othir stuffis that bylongid therto at all maner nedis, and went ouyr the se with his pepull, and come into Fraunce, and bysegid Mewis in Bry, a grete toune and a stronge, with a Castelle. And that Towne and the Castelle weren welle vitailid and eke mannyd; and grete strenghte they had with-ynne hem, and manly they deffendid hem, and kep[t]e Towne and Castell longe tyme. ¶ And in this tyme, while the Kynge hild his sege of Mewis yn Bry, ther come goode tydyngis oute of Engelond to the Kynge, how that Dame Kateryne his wif, the Quene, was dellyuyryd of a feyre sone, a lord and prynce, to the Rewme ese, profite and worship, and gladnesse in hert, whiche with high and grete worthynesse was brought forthe, and cristenyd in his colage withynne his Castelle of Wyndesore. And of this worthi tydyngis the Kynge was glad, and thankyd God, and so diden alle his pepull whanne they herd there-of: and that day of this worthi pryncis birthe was on Seynt Nycholas day in the yere of oure Lord God .M^li. CCCC. xxj. and the Regne of the Kynge the ix^e. ¶ And aftur these good tydyngis, the Kynge, with alle his pepull, busied sore to gete this towne and Castell, bothe by watir and by londe and leid therto his grete Gounnys, Trepgettis and Engenys, and bete adowne the wallis in dyuers placis; and so at the laste they entrid yn with strengthe, and gate the Towne; and there was moche pepull slayne and dede; and tho was the toune wonne and the castell eke. // ¶ And there the Kynge toke many riche men prysoneris, and sent hem afturward into Engelond.

¶ And thanne the Kynge sent aftur the Quene, and aftur Iohn his brothir, the Duke of Bedford, and that they shuld brynge with hem more stuffe of pepull in all haste. And anon as these tydyngis come to, the Quene Kateryne went to Hampton, and the Duke of Bedford also, with a feyre meyne, and wente to Shippe, and come ouyr the se, and landid at Hareflete in Normandye the vij. day of

May in saufte, and alle her pepull,—thankyd be God!—and in alle haste reden forthe vp in the londe tille thei come there as the Kynge was. // ¶ And sir Vmfrey, the Duke of Gloucestre, his othir brothir, was tho made the Kyngis Lefetenaunte of Engelond in his absence, to kepe and gouerne the Rewme in alle degreis, in saufynge of the pepull and of the lond, that God maynten and kepe in good pees and reste, with good loue and charite to endure! Amen! //

¶ And in the lettur ende of the monythe of Apriell, in the .x. yere of Kynge Henry the V. is regne, was the toune and castell of Mewis in Biri gotyn and wonne by grete strengthe, by the Kynge and his pepull, oute of the Frensshe mennys hondis. ¶ And in the firste day of Iuyll the same yere, the Kynge sent ouyr the see his prisoneris that he had take at Mewis in Bry, the ffull nombre of xxviij. personys; and they weren brought in-to Engelond, and londid at Hampton; and all his prisoneris weren caryed in cartis to London, and so brought into the toure of London, to kepe hem there-ynne saufly. //

¶ And tho anon the Kynge remouyd from Mewis in Bry, and come ayen to Parys. And with ynne awhile aftur, the Kynge beganne to waxe sore sike, and tho remouyd hym to haue the betir Eyre and hele of body; and his sykenesse come to hym so sore þat he myght not welle endure it. ¶ And so he sent aftur his lordis that weren there, and his counsaill, and deuysid his wille, and made his testament full, and sette his executoris, and deuysid his tresoure and his Iewellis to ben solde, and to pay his dettis, as well to his sowdyouris as to othir dettouris. // [Galba E. VIII 145b] ¶ And he ordeynyd Iohn, the Duke of Beedford, his brothir, to byn there Regent Gouernoure of Fraunce and of Normandie, vnto good gouernaunce and profite vnto Henry his sone, and good kepynge in reste and pees of his pepull there, vnto the tyme the good Counseill of Engelond myght dresse it and amende it, to set it in pessabull poynte and reste. // ¶ And he comyttid thanne the kepynge of Henry, his yonge sone, to Syr Henry Beauford his vncle, the Bisshop of Wynchestire, and to Sir Thomas Beauford, his othir vncle, Duke of Exetre, and charged hem bothe to his good gouernaunce and

kepyng in his tendir age, for alle the louys that euyr were betwene hem, that no preiudise nor wronge were do to hym thorough noo fals couetous counseill nor nede. // ¶ And tho the Kynge disposid hym to Godwardis, and toke all his rightis of holy chirche, and toke his leue of all his ffre[n]dis, and comendid his soule to God, and deid, the xxix of Auguste in the x. yere of his regne: on whos soule God haue mercy! amen! //

¶ And thanne was his body enbawmyd and dight with riche Spicerie and oynementis, and closid in shire clothe, and closid faste in a cheste; and he was cariid doune to Rone, and there he had his dirige and his messes don for hym, with all the moste solempnite that myght byn ordeynyd and doon in holy chirche; and from thens he was brought doune by londe to Caleis. And with the Erchebisshop of Caunturbury come the Quene of Engelond his wif, Dame Kateryne, and many othir grete lordis, and knyghtis and Squyeris, and brought the body ouyr the see into Engelond, and come vp at Douir, and so to Caunturbury, and so thoroughe Kente to London. //

¶ And thanne the Meyre and aldremen, with all the Craftis of London, weren clothid in blacke, abydynge the body of the kynge on the Blacke-Hethe in Kente; and so come doun to seint Thomas Waterynge, withoute Sougthwarke, and there met all the religious pepull with þe body, prystis and othir, and brought the cors to London, and so thorough the Cite to Seint Poulis. And there was Dirige don ouyr euyn, and messe of Requyem on the morowe, and whanne the seruyce was doun at aftur mete, bothe the lordis and knyghtis and othir, with all the Commnes of the Cite of London, brought hym from Seint Poulis to Westminster, and there was his Dirige don ouyr euyn, and messe on the moroughe of Requyem, with all the Bisshoppis; and there was he burye[d] by Seint Edwardis Shryne, the .vije. day of the monythe of Nouembre, in the yere of oure Lorde Ihesu criste, M^li. CCCC. xxij. //

¶ And yn that same yere it byfell so that thoroughoute all Engelond was a grete yere of ffrute. And in that same yere deiden the moste partye of alle the lory treis thorugh all Engelond.

How aftur the dethe of Kynge Henry the v^e, Regnyd his sone Kynge Henry the vj^e, and was borne at the Castell of Wyndesore. //

ANd aftur the dethe of Kynge Henry the v÷, Regnyd Henry his sone, that was borne in Wyndesore, that men callid Kynge Henry the vj^e. And for his tendir and yonge age, Henry his ffadir comyttid hym to the kepynge of Sir Henry Beauford, Bisshop of Wynchestre, and to Sir Thomas Beauford, Duke of Exetre, bothe his bele vnclys; and the kepynge of Fraunce and Normandie to Iohn the Duke of Bedford, to ben regent and gouernoure of bothe there, tille that Henry, his yonge sone, by his good counseile wold set it in bettur gouernaunce. // ¶ And the kepinge of Engelond to sir Vmfray, the Duke of Gloucestre, to ben Proptectour and deffendour of the Rewme tille that Henry his yonge sone, by alle the good counseile of Engelond, wold set and put it into bettur gouernaunce, and to moste profite of the Kynge and of the Rewme.

¶ And in the seconde yere of Kynge Henry the vj ÷ Sir Iohn Mortymere, knyght, brake pryson oute of the Toure of London, and was take ayen vpon the Toure-wharf; and there he was foule woundid and bete, and brought on the morow to Westeminster byforn the Kyngis Iusticis; and there for his treson Iuggid to byn brought ayen to the Toure of London, and there leide vpon an hurdull, and so drawe thoroughe the Cite to Tibourne, and there [Galba E. VIII 146a] hongid, and his hed smeton of, and sette on London Brigge; and thus endid he his lif: on whos soule God haue merci! //

¶ And in the iij^e yere of Kynge Henryis Regne, Sir Edmonde Mortymere, Erle of the Marche, wente oute of Engelond into Wallis, and so ouyr into Irlond, to se his londis and lordshippis there, And anon withynne a litull processe of tyme there, he deid in Irlond.

And also in the same yere Vmfrey, the Duke of Gloucestre, the Kyngis vncle, and the Duches of Holond, his wif, went ouer the see oute of Engelond into Henaud, for to take there possession of his wifis heritage of lordshippis and londis. ¶ Wherefore thei were worshipfully welcomyd and resseyuyd for chief lorde

and lady of the lond. But not longe aftur, hit happid so that he was fayne to retourne ayen into Engelond, and lefte his lady byhynd hym, with all the tresoure that he brought oute of Engelond with hym, in a toune that me callid Mouns in Heuland, the whiche was sworen to hym to be goode and trewe, and to kepe this lady in sauf ward tille he come ayen to here. But at the laste thei weren fals, for thei delyuyryd the lady to the Duke of Burgoyne; and he sent hir to the cite of Gaunte yn Flaunderis, to be kepte there. // ¶ But, as God wold, in a shorte tyme aftur she ascaped thens in mannys clothynge, and come to a toune of her owne in Selande, that is callid Seryse, and fro thens she went to a toune of her owne in Holand, that is callid Tragowe, where, with help of her ffryndis that there were, she withstode the Duke of Burgoyne and alle his malice. //

¶ And in the iiij^e yere of Kynge Henryis regne the vje, there aros a grete debate betwene Sir Vmfrey, the Duke of Gloucestre, and Sir Henry Beauford, Bisshop of Wynchestir; and this Henry bare tho heuy herte ayens the pepull of the Cite of London; And þis debate bygan on þe day of þe Meyris tidynge of London, whanne thei come to Westminster paleis; and the Meyre of London that tyme me callid Iohn Couentre, mercer. And on the nexte morow folowynge, the Bisshop of Wynchestre hadde gaderyd a grete pepull in Soughthewerke, of men of armys and archeris; and they of the Cite kept tho strongly London Brygge-gate with men of armys [&] archeris, that no man myght in, nothir oute, for to kepe the pees in bothe partyes. ¶ And anon, vpon viij. of the clokke in the mornynge, alle the Cite was vp with her wepyn, and shette in her howsis, and drewe hem dounward to Temyseside, and wold haue apassid ouyr the watir, forto haue taken the Bisshop. ¶ But the Erchebisshop of Caunturbury, Sir Henry Chichele, and the Bisshop of Bathe, Sir Iohn of Stafford, and the Prynce of Portyngale—that in the same tyme were in the Cite of London—went betwene hem and the Cite, that all was cessid and set in reste by none; blessid be God! //

¶ And in the same yere, the .x. day next aftur that Iohn the Duke of Bedford, and his lady, his wiff, that was the Dukis

sustur of Burgoyne, come out of Fraunce ouyr the see into Engelond, to here and to se the welfare of oure Kynge, and to se also the gouernaunce of this Rewme. and whanne he come nygh London, the Meyre and Aldremen, and many crafty men of the Cite, riden ayens the Duke and the Duchesse, and welcomyd hem, and brought hem into the Cite. ¶ And at the Bisshoppis place of Dereham, there thei were herborowid; and with hem tho come the Bisshop of Wynchestre ridynge thorough London, to right grete greuance of the pepull saue for the displesaunce and presence of the Duke.

¶ And in the .v. yere of Kynge Henry the vj^e., anon aftur the Feste of Seint Hillary, the Kynge held his parlement at the toune of Leycestre. And at that parlement Sir Vmfray, the Duke of Gloucestre, and Sir Henry Beauford, Bisshop of Wynchestire, weren made at on, and accordid, by the Kynge and the Duke of Bedford, and othir lordis that weren there presente. // ¶ And in that same parlement the kynge made two Dukis: my Lord Sir Richardis sone of Caumbrigge, Duke of Yorke, and Sir Iohn [Galba E. VIII 146b] of Mombray, Erle Marchall, Duke of Northeffolke, and there the kynge made also many knyghtis of the Bathe.

¶ And in this same yere deid Sir Thomas Beauford, Duke of Exetur, the kyngis bell vncle, in a place there he lay in the toune of Grenewiche, iiij. myle oute of London; and thanne he was brought into London to Seint Poulis, and there he had Dirige and messe; and from thens thei caried hym to Seint Edmondisbury; and there he was worthili enterid and buryid in Cristemesse woke in the yere of oure Lord Ihesu criste, M^li. CCCC. xxvj: on whos soule God haue mercy! amen! //

¶ And in the same yere, aboute Shroftide, Iohn, the Duke of Bedford, and his lady the Duchesse, passid ouyr the [see] to Caleis. And a litull byforne [they] passid ouyr the see to Caleis, Henry the Bisshop of Winchestre, and vpon oure lady day the Anunciacion, the yere of Grace M^li. CCCC. xxvij, the Bisshop of Wynchestre was made Cardynall in Seint Marye Chirche in Caleis full solempnely; where weren the same tyme the Duke of Bedford, Regent of Fraunce, and his duchesse. // ¶ And byforne the messe was bygonne, whiche the Bisshop of Wynchestre shold do, tho the Popis cosyn brought the cardynallis hatte, and with

grete reuerence he set it vpon the high auter, and there it stode all the messe tyme. // ¶ And whanne the Bisshop had don his messe and wa[s] onreuersid, thanne was don on the Bisshop an abbite in maner of a ffreris Cope of fyne Scarlet furrid with purid werke; and whanne he was thus arayid, he knelid there vpon his kneys beforn the high auter; and there the Popis bullis weren radde to hym. // ¶ And the firste bull was his charge of his dyngnyte of Cardynalship; and the seconde bull was that he shuld haue the reioysynge of alle the Benefisis Spirituall and Temperall that he hathe in Engelond. And whanne this was don, the Duke of Bedford, Regent of Fraunce, went vp to the high auter, and toke the high Cardinallis hatte, and set it vpon the Bisshoppis hed of Wynchestre; and he bowid and obeyid the Bisshop, and toke hym byfore hym.

¶ And in the vj. yere of Kynge Henryis Regne the vj.e, went the Erle of Salusbury, with a grete retenewe of men of armys and archeris, by comaundement of the Kynge and of alle the Counseile of Engelond, & made hym the Leftenaunt or alle the partyes of Fraunce and of Normandye, forto distroye the Kynges enemyes, and to chastice the rebbellis in the pertyes by his strengthe, myght and power. // ¶ And so he depertid, and toke his leue oute of London, with all his pepull and ordynauncis, the morow aftur Mydsomyr Day, in the yere aboue seid, and come ouyr the see with alle his pepull in saufte; thankid be God in all his yeftis! and anon as he was come into Fraunce, he set sore on the Frensshe men that weren the kyngis Enemyes, and slowe and destroyid many of hem, and toke vilagis, Tounys and castelles, and made hem be suoren to the Kynge of Engelond. And afturward he leid sege to the toune of Orlyaunce; and that sege endurid longe tyme, for the toune of Orliaunce was so stronge, and well ymannyd and vitailid, that it myght not be goten for no crafte of werre that was don therto; where[of] he was wond[er] heuy and wroth, for he myght note spede of his purpos. // ¶ And tho at the laste, as he was busi to sete and loke vpon his ordynauncis, forto gete it yf he myght, a fals thef, a traitour withynne the toune, shotte a Gonne, and the stone smot this good Erle of Salusbury, that he was dede thorough the stroke; wherefore was made grete doole and sorow for his dethe longe tyme afturward, for the grete doughtynesse

and manhode that was founde in hym, and in his gouernaunce at all tymes. And thanne was his body brought ouyr the see into Engelond, and his body was caryid and leid amonge his aunseteris there as thei byn buryid of holde tyme: on whos soule oure God haue mercy! Amen!

¶ And also in this same yere fro the begynnynge of the monythe of Appryell into the feste of All-Haloue, was so grete haboundance of Reyne, where-thorough not only heigh was distroyid, but also all maner of cornys, for it reynyd almoste euyry othir day, more [Galba E. VIII 147a] or lesse, durynge the tyme aforeseid.

¶ And forthirmore, durynge the sege of Orliaunce, at the begynnynge of Lenton nexte ffolowynge, vij. M^li. of Frensshe men and moo, with many othir Scottis, fill vpon oure men as they went toward the Toune with vitaill that is callid 'yamuyle,' where Sir John Steward of Scotlond and his brothir, with moo thanne vij. c. Scottis and they weren gouernouris they lighten on ffoote, and they weren, euyry modir sone, slayne by Sir John Folstalff and Sir Thomas Rampston, and othir Capitaynys of oure side, the whiche had not passynge .v. c. of ffightynge men with hem at all, with Carteris and all othir. // ¶ But Charlis of Burgoyne and the Bastard of Orliaunce, with all the Frensshe men sittynge on hors backe and seynge this Gouernaunce, trussid hir packe and went her wey. Also a litull beforne Witsontide nexte folowynge, was the foreseide sege of Orliaunce broken vp by the Duke of Launsom and his power; and alle othir lordis and Capitaynys of the same sege weren disparkelid, that is so seye, the Erle of Suffolke and his brothir, and the Lord Talbot and the Lord Skalis, with many moo of Engelisshe pepull, the whiche sone afture weren taken euyrychone, at grete myschief, prysoneres.

¶ And in the vij. yere of Kynge Henry the vje the viij day of Nouembre, the Duke of Norfolke, with many gentill men of knyghtis and Squyeris and yemen, token a barge at Seint Mari Ouereyis Brygge, bitwene iiij. and .v. of the clokke ayens nyght; and they purposid tho to passe thorough London Brigge, where the foreseide barge, thorough mysgouernaunce of sterage, fill vpon the pilis thorough mysgouernaunce, and ouyrwelfid, the whiche was cause of distruccion of moche pepull thereynne, that was the more rowthe. // ¶ But as God wold, the Duke hym-self, and .ij.

or .iij. othir gentill men, tho seyynge that myschief, lept vpon the pilis, and so thei weren sauyd thorough help of hem that weren aboute the brygge, wyth castynge doune of ropis, blessid be God!

¶ And in this same yere, the firste day of the monith of Septembre, Sir Henry Beauford, Bisshop of Wynchestre and bellvncle to the Kynge, come to London fro the Pope of Rome. Cardynalles, and alle the prestis and religious of London, and neyȝ London, went ayens hym yn prosession withoute the Cite, and there they met with hym, and did hym all the honour and reuerence as longith for siche estate to ben don. // ¶ And the Meyre and Aldremen, with many worthi craftis of London, met with hym on the Blake-Hethe in Kent; and there thei welcomyd hym, and did hym reuerence and worship, and brought hym þorugh þe Cite, and so to Charinge Crosse and there the Meyre and the men of London toke her leue of hym, and he rode forthe to the castell of Wyndesore to the Kynge.

¶ And in the same yere, at the ffeste of Mydsomyr, Sir Henry Beauford, Cardynall, and Bisshop of Wynchestir, went ouyr the see into Fraunce for the Kyngis nedis; and Sir John Radclif, knyght, went ouyr the se that same tyme, with a grete compeny of men of armis and archeris, to helpe and to strengthe John, the Duke of Bedford and Regent of Fraunce and of Normandie, and the Engelisshe pepull that weren lefte there in the right of the Kynge of Engelond.

¶ And in the same yere was Henry Barton, Meyre of London. And tho was, thoroughoute Engelond, grete scarste of corne and of othir vitaill, for oxen and shipe, deiden stronglyche, and a busshell whete was at xx d^o. longe tyme: blessid be God in alle his yeftis of amendement!

¶ And in the viij yere of Kynge Henryis regne the vje; was hold a grete parlement at Westeminster; and that beganne the morow aftur Michelmesse-Day, and it endurid tille Shroftid. And on Seint Lethenardis day byforn Cristemesse, and that was on the Sonday (and Sonday went by lettur A. that yere,) the Kynge was crownyd at Westeminster, with honoure, of Henry Chichele, Erchebisshop of Caunturbury, and with moo othir Bisshoppis, with alle the solempnite that myght be made and doon. ¶ And in the

same day, come fro byyonde the see to his coronacion and feste, Sir Henry Beauford, Cardynall, and Bisshop of Winchestre, [Galba E. VIII 147b] and the Prynce of Portyngale with a feyre meyne of pepull, in reuerence and worship of the Kynge; and byforne that weren come and abedyn at London a bisshop of Fraunce, and serteyn knyghtis and squyeris with her meyne, to se that rialte, and the Coronacions of the kynge. And the even bifore þe coronacion, þe kyng lete make xxxvj. Knyghtis of the Bathe, withynne the Toure of London. ¶ And in the same [time] in Cristemesse wike, bi ordynaunce and comaundement of the Kynge and of his Counsell, the Bastard of Clarence and Sir Iohn Kyzelei, knyght, and moo oþer knyghtis and squyeris þat were made peti capteynes, with men of armes ande archeris, the nombre of a a M^li personys and moo, shippiden at dyuerse portes in Kente and in Southesex, and seilid ouyr into Normandie forto helpe and strengthe the Duke of Bedford, Regent of Fraunce and of Normandie, and in releuynge and comfortynge of all the Kynges pepull that haue eny kepynge of Ceteis, townys, Castelles, or eny holdis tha[t] bilongen to the Kynge in the parties of Fraunce and of Normandie: the whiche, Criste maynteyne and kepe, for his high mercy!

¶ And in this same yere was a bataill doon in Smythffeld, at London, the Tewisday the xxiiij. day of Januare, betwene two men of the toune of Feuyrisham in Kente: that on me callid maistir John Vpton, notarye, that was the appellaunte; and that othir, John of Downe, Jentillman, the deffandaunte. And thei two ffoughten togederis, armyd at all poyntis, to the vtterist; but the Kynge, of his riall power and grete grace, kryid 'pees,' and toke it vp in his hand, and yaf hem bothe fre grace: and this was the cause of her bataill, for this Maistur John Vpton put-of on John of Downe, that he and othir moo of his compeny ymagenid and purposid the Kyngis dethe at the day and tyme of his coronacion: whom God kept and saue from all mysauenturis. Amen!

¶ And in the same yere, the xxvij. day of Januare, Sir Henry Beauford, Cardinall, and Bisshop of Wynchestre, went ouyr the see to Caleis, and so to Bryggis in Flaundris, in embassitrie for Henry, Kynge of Engelond and of Fraunce, vnto the Duke of Burgoyne, and also to se the mariage betwene the Duke of

Burgoyne and the Kynge of Portyngalis doughtir, that is cosyn to the Kynge of Engelond.

¶ And in the same yere and day, Thomas of Borough, and Gray, two esquyeris, by ordynaunce and comaundement of the Kynge and of his Counseill, had a grete retenewe of pepull, of men of armys and archeris, that weren sent ouyr the see into Fraunce, to the Duke of Bedford, Regent and Gouernoure of the parties of Fraunce and Normundie, in releuynge and helpynge and strengthing of the Kyngis pepull in oure liege lordis right, Kynge of Engelond and of Fraunce.

¶ How that Kynge Henry the vje went ouyr the see into Fraunce, the viij yere of his regne; and of the whiche [of] Fraunce that was callid the 'Pushell': how she was take prysonere.

And in the viij. yere of Kynge [Henry the sixt] his Regne, on Seint Mathi day the Apostull, and that was on the Fryday, the xxiiij. day of Feuyrere in the yere aboue seid, Kynge Henry the vje, aftur his coronacion at Westeminster, and ende of his parlement holden the same tyme at Westeminster, that the Kynge, by counseill and ordynaunce of all the lordis and commu[n]es of Engelond, that the Kynge shuld wende ouyr the see into Fraunce, to resseyue his heritage, and bere the Crowne as rightfull lord and kynge of the londe.// ¶ And the Kynge, by his good and wise counseill, ordeynyd and made his vncle Sir Vmfrey, the Duke of Gloucestre, Leftenaunte of Engelond aftur his passage ouyr the see, for to gouerne and kepe the londe ayen his enemyes of all partyis, and to se that right and lawe be mayntenyd in alle degreis, in sauacion of his pepull and good kepynge of his Rewme.

¶ And on Seint Mathi day the Appostill, as is aforne seide, the Kynge come fro Westeminster to London, with his lordis and his pepull, and come to Seint Poulis, and there offrid, [Galba E. VIII 148a] and toke his hors, and rode thorugh the Cite, and toke his leue of all the Commualte of London; and so he rode to his maner of Eltham in Kente, and there he duellid alle the Lenton till it was ayens Palme Sonday, and thanne he rode to Caunturbury, and abode there tille estur was passid, till his retenewe was made and ordeynyd, that shuld gon and passe ouyr the see with hym into Fraunce.

¶ And thann the Kynge come to Douyre, and on Seint Georges euyn, withynne nyght, the wethur and wynde was feyre and menabull, and the Kynge was brought to ship withoute Douyre in the roode.// ¶ And whanne tyde of passage come, thei toke the see, and passid ouyr, and come to Caleis, and landid there in the mornynge at vij. of the clocke in Seint Georgis Day; and that was on the Sonday; and the domynycall lettur went by. A.// ¶ And whanne he was landid, the Kynge went to the Castell of Caleis; and there he abode tille all his retenewe and ordynaunce were come ouyr the see. And withynn iij. wikis aftur Estur aforne seid, all his pepull, with alle his ordynauncis, weren come ouyr to the Kynge.// ¶ And the Kynge anon aftur, bi his Counseill, sent dyuerse lordis, knyghtis and capitainys, with her men of armys and archeris and ordynauncis, to dyuers tounnys, Castelles and Garnysonys of his in Fraunce and in Normandie, for kepynge and strengthynge of his liege pepull, and kepynge of his titull and right.

¶ And in the same yere, the xv. day of May, ther was made a Journey in Fraunce bisidis the toune of Compyne; and at that Journey were slayn of the Frensshe men, Armynakkis and Scottis the nombre of .viij. c. of good mennys bodyes; and there were take also of the Frensshe and of her compeny, many Cote armuris. And at that same Journey was take the wicche of Fraunce that was callid th[e] 'Pusshell'; and she was take alle armyd as a man of armys; and by her crafte of sorserie alle the Frensshe men and her compeny trystid for to haue ouyrcome alle the Engelisshe pepull. But God was lord and maistir of that victorie and scomfiture, and so she was take, and brought and kept in hold bi the Kynge and his counseill all tymes at his comaundement and wille.

¶ And at that Journey, of Englisshe men weren Capitaynys, Sir John Monuntegomere and Sir John Steward, knyghtis of the Kyngis houshold, with her retenewe. ¶ And there was Sir John Mountegomere smyte his arme vn two; and Sir John Steward was shotte unto the thye with a quarell, and yet God sent hem good hele and welfare, and Scomfiture of all her enemyes: blessid be God!

APPENDIX D.

ADDITIONAL MATTER FOR THE PERIOD 1420-28.

[MS. Hh. 6. 9, University Library, Cambridge.]

And þis was doon þe Monday next aftir the Trinity Sonday, In the yere of grace M^l IIII^e XX^ti. And anone aftir this mariage was done, the Kyng hym-self [Henry V], with his Englis lordes and Retenue, and þe Duke of Burgoigne with many grete lordes of Fraunce, with his strength and gouernance of people, leyde sege to dyuers Citees townes & castelles which wer holden of the Dolphynne, with strength of his meyney, And of the Armenakkis and Scottis. And the Kyng with his people gat theme, and had the victorie of his enemyes.

And in this same yere, And in þe yere of grace a M^l IIII^c XX^ti, by-twene Cristemesse and Candilmasse, the Towne of Milloyne was yolden vp to the Kynge; And all þe Chiftains, with þe Souldeours, were take and ledde to þe Cite of Parys, 'in þe Croke of þe mone' þei may say for theme; ffor þer escapede fro thens of þeme but a fewe on lyue, for þei of Paris did theme to dethe.

Willelmus Cambrigge, M[ayor]. Johannes Wellis, Johannes Botiller, draper. vic' VIII^o [A.D. 1420-21].

And in þis same yere [1 Hen. VI] þe Wednysday, þe XXI day of Octobre, in þe first yere of Kyng Henry þe VI, at þe houre betwene VI & VII in þe mornyng, died Charles, þe French Kynge, In his Inne of saint Paules with-Inne þe Cite of Paris, And is buried in þe chirche of Saint Denyse withoute þe cite of Paris: On whos soule, God haue mercie! Amen!

And in þis same yere, in þe moneth of Februarie, James Stewarde, Kyng of Scottes, spousede Dame Joan, the Duchesse Doughter of Clarence, of hir first housbond, Erl of Somersette, in þe churche of Saint Marie Overey in Suthwerk.

And in þis same yere, Maister William Tailour, clerk of Oxenforde, was a-fore the clergie at Saint Paules in London, And þer

he was convicte in heresie; and aftir, by Temporall lawe he was brought into Smythfelde, & there was he brent for his heresie.

And in þis same yere, þe XVII day of Auguste, was done the bataill of Vernoun in Perche, betwene the Duk of Bedforde, þan Regent of Fraunce, & þe Armenakkis with Scottes; but, thanked be God! the victorie fell to þe Englishmen, for þer were slain of our aduersaries the Erle of Bougham, þe Erle Douglas, þe Erle of Morre, þe Erle of Tonnare, þe Erle of Vendoun, the Vicounte of Narbone (þat traiterously slough the Duke of Burgoine knelyng be-fore the Dolphyn of Fraunce at þe towne of Monstrall,) & mony moo, þe nombre of X M^l moo. But þe moste vengeance fell vpon þe proude Scottes, for thei went to Dog-wash the same day, mo than XVII^c of cote Armoures of these proude Scottes; So that they may say wele "In the croke of þe mone went thei thidre warde, And in the wilde wanyende come þei homewarde."

William Crownes, M[ayor]. Nicholaus James, Thomas Wandefford. A^o II. [A.D. 1423-4.]

And in this same tyme the Kynge [Hen. VI], of two Erles made two Dukes: þe Erle of Cambrige he made the Duke of Yorke, & þe Erle Marshall Henaud, þe Duke of Northefolke.

And in þis same yere was Shedeswik draw and hangede & quartered at Tiborne, & his hede smyten of & sett vpon London Brigge, & his quartires vnto dyuers yatis of London, for his treason.

And whilles þe Duke of Bedforde was here in Englande, þe Erle of Warrewik was made Lieutenant of Fraunce & Normandye, for to kepe & garde both in werre and peace vn-to þe comyng of þe Duke of Bedforde again oute of England in-to Fraunce.

Johannnes Reynowell, M[ayor]. Robertus Arnold, Johannes Hyngham. A^o V^to. [A.D. 1426-7.]

And þe Duke of Bedforde & þe Duchesse his wife went vp to Paris, And so to other dyuers partees of Fraunce þer as hym list best to abide; And þan þe Erle of Warrewik come In-to Englande again.

Off the takyng off Will Wawe; And how he was done to dethe.

And in this same yere was Will Wawe take for an [a]rannt þeef, and was brought to London to þe Kynges Bench, & so brought to Westmynster a-fore þe kynges Justices, & þer Jugede to

þe dethe. And so he was brought again from Westmynster to Suthwerk, & þen he was put in a carte, stanndyng, & faste bounde; & so he was cariede thorugh þe Cite to Tiborne, that all men myght see hym & knowe hym, And so he was caried the thirde day of Juyll, And there hangede for his trespass.

Johannes Gedney, M[ayor]. Robertus Oteley, Henricus Frowik. vic' A^o VI [A.D. 1427-8.]

How that there ffill grete habundaunce off Rayn; And how dyuers sowdiourz went ouer the see.

And in this same yere, & in þe yere of grace M^l IIIIc XXVII, from þe begynnyng of þe moneth of Aprile vnto the feste of All Halowen, was so abundaunce of Rayn that, not only hay was distroied, but Also all maner of Cornes; for it Raynede all-moste euery day, more or lesse, duryng this terme a-for-said.

And anone aftir, as þe Erle of Warrewik, ser Thomas Beauchampe, was sennd oute of Fraunce from þe Duke of Bedforde by all the worthy & discrete counsaill of Englande, he was made maister & gouernoure vn-to the Kynge duryng his non-age, & hym to goueren, teche & norish, as oweth to be done to such a worthy prince, to his lernyng of all maner worthynesse to good gouernance, discretion and reason.

And in þis same yere, an old man, a girdeler of Norwiche, which counterfetede the Kynges grete seale, And esealled charters & protections with þat counterfeit seall, in disseit & preiudice of þe Kynge & of his liege peple, was iugede to þe deth, to be drawe thorugh the Citee of London vnto Tiborne, and þer hangede; & þus he died for his treason.

How that A Breton had mordrede a widdow without Algat. Ca II^c LXII.

And in þe same yere, a fals Breton, betwen Ester and Witsontyde, mordrede a good wedowe in hir bedde, the which hadde found hym, for Almesse, withoute Algate, In the suburbes of London; & he bar a-way all that sche hadde, And after toke girth of holy churche at Saint Georges in Suthwerk; but at þe last he toke the Crosse, & for-suore þe Kyng land. And as he went his way, it

happid hym to come by the same place wher he did that cursede dede; And women of þe same parish come oute to hym with stones & with canell dong & þere made an ende of hym in þe high streit, so þat he went no ferþere, not-with-stondyng þe Constablis & oþer men also, which had hym in gouernaunce, to convey hym forth in his way; for þere was a grete companye of them; & on hym thei had neither mercie nor pite; & thus this fals thefe endede his life in þis worlde, for his falsnesse.

How that An Erityk was take And convicte; And how Kyng Henry ordeynyd to go in to Fraunce, to resceyue þe crown. Ca. II^c LXIII^o.

And in þis same yer, & in þe yer of grace a-foresaid, Richerde Woll-pakker, of Marc Lane, þat was convicte a-for þe clergie, & dampned of heresie, was led to þe Tour-Hill of London; & ther he was brent for his fals & cursed opynions þat he helde & mayntened in presence of þe Duke of Gloucestre, & of þe Duke of Northfolk, & þe Erl of Warrewik, & þe Erle of Stafforde, & oþer lordes & Jentilles, & afore all þe comuners þat were there present of þe roialme a grete multitude.

And in this same yere, þe Satirday, þe XXI Day of Februarie, one Fenables, a Jentilman of Chestre, & Thomas Clement a Draper of London was dampnede atte Westmynster for treason & for þift þat thei had done to þe Kynge & to his liege peple, to be drawe fro þe Toure of London thorugh þe Citee to Tiborne, & þere hangede & quartrede, And there hedes sett vpon London Brugge.

And in þis same day & yere, Embassitoures of Spayne, þat is to say, a Bishoppe, with other grete & worthy clerkis, And an Erl with knyghtes & squyers,—& these people come to þe Kynge in to Westmynstre Hall the day aboue-saide.

And in þis same yere, on Saint Mathie day, Apostill, which was on a Friday, Kyng Henry the Sexte after his coronation & ende of his parlement holden at Westminster, by the advise of all the lordes & comons of England, was ordeyned in þis parlement a-for-said þat þe Kyng shulde wende ouer the see in to Fraunce for to resceyue the Crowne þere.

[E]

CONTINUATION OF THE BRUT FROM THE CAPTURE OF ROUEN (1419) TO 1430.

[MS. Egerton 650.]

[MS. Egerton 650 111b] In þat same yere þe Kyng lay at þe sege of Roon; and þe xvij day of Ianuuere it was yoldyn to oure Kyng. on Chyldermesse Day come tythyng to London þat the vj day of Feueryere the Duke of Bedford, Leuetenaunt of Englond, and the Chauncelere, and many oþer bysshoppis, and þe Maire and hys aldermen, with all þe Cetizins, made a generall procession from Paules to Westmynstre, þonkyng God of the good and gracius spede þat he had gyff to oure Kyng.

And in þat yere was Ludgate for-do, And all the prisoners remeved from Newgate. And þer died lx and x with-in xv days. And þis was done for one Olyuer and iij false harlottes, And þer þai died.

And in þat same yere Quene Iahan was a-rested And broght to Retherhyde; And a gray frere was a-rested in Gernesie and lad to Chyrburgh, And sone aftre was broght before oure Kyng; and oure Kyng commaundit hym to the Toure of London, And þer he was do in prisone.

Richard Whyttyngton, Maior. William Boteler, Robertus Whyttyngham. Anno Ottauo H. V^ti [A.D. 1419-20.]

In þat yere come þe Duke of Gloucestre in-to Englond, and forth so to London; And þer was rescayved and made Leuetenaunt of Englond.

And þe Duke of Bedforth, with a fayr meyne, went to Hampton, And þer he shyppit and sayled ouer in-to Normandy.

And in þat yere our Kyng weddit Dame Kateryne, þe kynges Doghter of Fraunce, vppon þe Monday next afore þe Trinite Sonday.

And in þat yere was Pount Melayne wone, and oþer fortises many moo: þonked be God!

Williamus Cambryge, Maior. Iohannes Welles, Iohannes Boteller. Anno nono H. quintus. [A.D. 1420-1.]

In þat yere was a womman brent at Cotehyll for sleying of hyr husband.

And in þat yere oure Kyng and Dame Kateryne hys wyfe come from Parise in-to Englond, and so forth to London; And þer were þai ressaued wurshypfully with þe Maire & þe Aldermen, and all þe Citezins of London.

And vppon þe xij day of Feueryere, þat fell vppon a Sonday in Lente, Dame Kateryne was crounned Quene at Westmynstre. And whene þe Solempnite was done in þe chyrche, sho was broght full solemply þrogh þe Paleis in-to the grete hall, where þe fest was holdyn Off þe Coronacion of Quene Katerine.

Off þe statis at þe Coronacion of Kateryne, þe Quene of Englond, And of þe seruyce þat was done in þe same fest.

Fyrst, þe Quene Sate in hyr estate;

The Archbysshop of Cannctbury, The [MS. Egerton 650 112a] Bysshop of Wynchestre, vppon þe ryght syde of the Quene; And þai were serued next þe Quene, couerd at euery course;

The Kyng of Scotland in hys estate, vppon the left syde of þe Quene, whech at euery course was serued next aftre þat þe Quene and the bysshoppes were serued.

The Duchesse of York, The Countesse of Hunttyngdon, The Duke of Gloucestre, vppon the same syde;

The Erle of Marche knelyng vppon þe desse on þe ryght syde þe Quene, And held up a septre of the Quenes;

The Erle of Stafford, knelyng vppon þe left syde of the Quene vppon þe desse, and held a-noþer Septre of the Quenes;

The Countesse of Kent was syttyng at the ryght fote vndur the table;

Syr Ritchard Nevyle, keruere before þe Quene;

The Erles broþer of Southfolk, Copp-berrer;

Syr Iohn Steward, sewerer to the Quene;

The lord Clyfford, Panter, in the stede of Werwyke;

The Lord Wylloghby botelere, in þe stede of þe Erle of Arundall, The Lord Grey Ryffyn, Napperer;

The Lord Audeley, Aumerer, In the stede of þe Erle of Caumbryge;

The Erle of Warwyke, Steward of Englond, in þe stede of þe Duke of Clarence;

The Erle of Worcestre, Marchall of Englond, in þe stede of þe Erle Marchall.

The nounbre and sittyng in þe hall fyrst at þe tables:

The Barons of the .v. Portes begone þe table in þe hall on þe ryght hand Of the Quene; And be-neyth þaim, at þe same table, setten þe Bonchers of þe Chauncery;

The Maire of London And hys Aldermen begone þe table in þe hall on þe left syde of þe Quene, with oþer commynners of the cete;

And beneth þaim at the same table, in þe myddyst of the hall, next þe table of þe .v. portys, vppon the ryght hand of the Quene, The Bysshop of London satt withyn þe table, The Bysshopp of Bath, The Bysshop of Excester before hym, The Bysshop of Norwych, The Bysshopp of Salesbury, The Bysshopp of Saynt Dauid, The Bysshopp of Bangore before hym.

The bysshop of Lyncolne, The Abbot of Waltham, The bysshop of Carlyle before þaim.

And þe next þaim, at the same table syttyng, þe Iustices; And afftre þe Iustices at þe same table Satt Wurshyppfull knyght and Sqwyers;

And þe ladys beyone þe tables in þe myddys of þe hall, ffor agayns þe Maire and þe Aldermen of Londone, The Countesse of Stafforde, Doghtter of Sere Thomas, som tyme Duke of Gloucestre; The Countesse of Marche, hyre doghtter; The Countesse of Arundell, [MS. Egerton 650 112b] The Countesse of Westmerland, The Countesse of Northumberland, hyr doghtter; The Countesse of Oxenford; The lady Nevell, some tyme þe Lordys wyfe Nevell, doghtter of the Erle of Somersette; Dame Margarete, þe Dukes doghter of Northfolk; The Lady Clyfford, Suster of the Erle of Northumberlande; The lady Burgeyne; The lady Talbot; The lady Wylloghby; The lady Manley; The wyfe of Syr Richard Nevyle, doghtter of the Erle of Salesbury, and no mo ladys of estate. And þat table was ocupied with ladis and damesels, and a quarter of the bysshoppis table also.

There lordys sewying were assigne to do þe ryall seruyce to the Quene:

The Erle of Northumberland.	The Erle of Westmerland.
The Lord Fehughe.	The Lord Furnevall.

The Lord Feris of Groby.	The Lord Gray of Wyltton.
The Lord Poynynges.	The Lord Haryngton.
The Lord Darcy.	The Lord Dacrys.
The Lord Delaware.

The seruyce of þe ffyrst course.

Brawne wyth mustard.	Dedelys in Burueux.
ffirment with Baleyne.	Pyke.
Lamprey Poudered.	Troute.
Codlyng.	Plays.
Merlyng ffryed.	Grete Crabys.
Leych lumbard.	A bake mete in past.
Tartis.

A Sodelte.

The seruyce of the secund course.

Gele.	Blaundesore.
Breme.	Cungre.
Soles.	Millet.
Chevan.	Barbell.
Roche.	ffreche Samon.
Halybut.	Gurnard rosted.
Roget broyled.	Smelt ffryed.
Lopsters.	Leyche Damask.
Laumpray in past.	fflampaun ryall.

A Sotelte.

[MS. Egerton 650 113a] A Panter and a damessell before The seruyce of þe þryde course.

Dates in Composte.	Grene motteley.
Carpe dere.	Turbutt.
Tenche.	Perche.
Gogenos [Gudgeons].	Sturgeon frech and powderd.
Welkys.	Porpas rosted.
Munse fryde.	Crevis douse.
Grete Scrymppys.	Elys and lampryns rosted.
A leyche called 'whyte leyche'.	A bake mete in past, with iiij Angels.

A Sotelte: a tyger, and Saynt George ledyng it.

And in þe Ester weke foloyng, þe Duke of Clarence was slayne in Fraunce, fast by the water of Leyre, wyth Scottes, Frenche men, Armynakkys, be-cause he wold not be gouerned, and haue take hys

ost with hym. And þer was take þe Erle of Hunttyngton, The Erle of Somersette and hys broþer. And þer was lost þat day in-to a iiij^xx good knyghttes: on whos soules God haue mercy! Amen!

And in þe same yere our Kyng, vppon the thred Day of Iune, Schyppit at Douere, And londit at Caleis, and rode forth in-to Fraunce.

And in þat yere was grete queraunce in London for vsures; And some of þaim left money, Iohn Sadeler, Water Chyrchey, and many oþer; And in þat tyme money was skarse.

Robert Chycheley, maior. Wilelmus Weston, Ricardus Crosby. Anno decimo h. v^ti [A.D. 1421-2.]

In þat tyme, vppone saynt Nicholas evyn, come tythynges from Wyndyssore to þe Maire, þat oure Quene, Dame Kateryne, had borne a prince, a fayre sone. And a-none all þe belles in London were re[n]gon; 'Te Deum' was songone at Paules; And þer was the Chauncelere and many bysshoppys, And þe Maire and hys Aldermen, And all þe craftes of the Cite.

And in þat tyme þe gold of þe realme went by weght; And euery man had a payr ballaunce And weghttes in hys sleve for þe gold.

And in þat yere Qwhenne Kateryne went to Hampton, And þer made hyr redy to go ouer the see vn-to þe Kyng. And with hyr went þe Duke of Bedforthe with a fayre meyne; And þe viij day of Maij sho landit at Hereflete, And so went forth vn-to oure Kyng.

And in þat same tyme Mewes Embry was getten in þe last ende of Apryll. And fyrst day of Iule oure kyng sent to the Toure of Londone xvij Cartes chargit with Frenche men þat were hys presoners, þat he toke in Mewes [MS. Egerton 650 113b] Embry: the nombre of þaim into viij^xx.

And in þat yere þer come a wrytte from þe Kyng vn-to the Maire of London, for to a-rest certayne persones þe whech were found defectyfe in certayne poyntes of Erysy and Lollardy, And þeis bene þaire names: Eston, Mercer, and oþer moo. And þat yere died Kyng Henry the fyft in Fraunce, vppon þe evyn of þe decollacion of Saynt Iohn Baptyst; And þen was hys sone Herni made Kyng.

And in þat yere þe Shryves of London went by barche to Westmynstre, And dyuerse craftes of London with þaim; And in þis maner þai come home agayne, all in blak. And þis was done because of our Kynges deth: on whos soule, God haue mercy! Amen!

And on þe Monday before Saynt Symond Day and Iude, The Bysshop of London, Mayster Iohn Kempt, was stalled at Paules.

Thes ben þe names of Maire and Shrevis of London in þe tyme of Kyng Henri þe vj, in þe age of hym not xij monethys fulli:

Wylelmus Walderne, Maior. Iohannes Tedershall, Thomas Eastfield. Anno primo Herici vi^ti [A.D. 1422-3.]

In þat yere þe Maire and þe Aldermen and all þe craftes went to Westmynstre by barge, all in blak, þe v. day of Nouember; And þer he toke hys oth in þe eschekere, as þe maner is. And whene he had done, he toke hys barge with all þe craftis, And come home agayne.

þe vj day of Nouember, The cors of Kyng Henri the .v. was broght to London; And a-none the Maire and þe Aldermen & all þe Citezins resceyved hym, all in blak, and broght hym to Paules; And þer he had hys dyryge and masses, and was entered, as it fell for a kyng. And þis was done vppon þe Fryday. And aftre mete he was broght to Westminster; And vppon þe Setterday he was beryd before Saynt Edwards shryne: on whose soule Almyghtti God haue mercy! Amen!

And in þat yere, come Frenche bysshoppys oute of Fraunce; And oþer Frenche lordys and worthy knyghttes of Fraunce come to þe Kyng to do homage to hym, as for heyre of Englond aud Fraunce: And þis was aftre Crystynmasse foloyng.

And þat same yere, þe secund day of Marche, þer was brent in Northfolk a prest þat was dysgated of hys clergy for hys mys-byleue and hys herysy. And hys name was Master Wylliam Tayloure.

Also Richard Whyttyngton, mercer, died þe xiiij day of Marche: on whos saule Almyghtti God haue mercy! Amen!

Wylelmus Crowmere, Maire. Thomas Wandeford, Nicholas Iames. Anno ij^do H. sexti. [A.D. 1423-4.]

[MS. Egerton 650 114a] at xx li þe parysshesens shuld pay xl s; And yf it were of more valewe, þen pay more.

And in þe same yere, on Saynt Gylis day, come þe Cardinall, þe Bysshop of Wynchestre, to London; And þe maire and þe

Shryves and þe Alderdirmen, with all the craftes of the cite, ryddyn agaynst hym, and wurshypfully ressaued hym And Welecommed hym, and breght hym to Paules, And from Paules to Westmynstre; And þer he a-bode all þat nyght. And on þe morow he toke hys hors and rode to Wyndysore vn-to our Kyng.

Henricus Barton, maior. Iohannes Abbot, Thomas Duffons. Anno vij^tio henrici vj^ti [A.D. 1428-9.]

In þis yere was þe good Erle of Salesbury, Sere Thomas Mountague, slayn at the sege of Orlyaunce with a gonne, wheche was a noble lord and a worthy werreor emong all Crystyn men: On whose saule, God, for hys pete, haue mercy! Amen! And he ys bered at Bryssham.

And in þis same yere, at Mydsomertyde, Henry Beauford, Cardinale, And also bysshop of Wynchestre, went ouer þe see in-to Fraunce with a fayre meyne of Archers and men of Armes; And þe Lord Wylloghby was made Capten of hys werris. The wheche Cardynale was ordined and purpast for to haue gone in-to Prage, to haue dystroyed and gyf batayle vn-to the fals herytykes and Lollordys. And whene he was rydy, tydynges come þat þe sege of Orlyaunce was brokyn, And þe Lord Talbot takyn, and oþer worthy lordys. And a-none, in all þe hast, þe Cardinall with hys meyne, And Ser Iohn Ratclyff with hys meyne, þat was purposed for to haue gone in-to Gyene, went ouer in-to Fraunce to help and strenghe þe Regente, The Duke of Bedford, in þe Kynges rygt of Englond.

And in þe same yere fell sodanly a derth of whete, þat a Busshell of whete was at xx^d; And xxiiij Days, brede was ryght skantt in London, in-so-moch þat vnneth Any myght be gete; bot in short tyme,—þonked be Almyghtti God!—hit was a-mendit; And befe and motun, and Al maner of ffleshe, þat same tyme was ryght dere and scarse vn-to Lammasse; And þen sone aftre,— þonked be Ihesu, of hys ȝeftis!—it was a-mendid.

Wilelmus Estfeld, Maior. Wilelmus Rous, Radulphus Holand, schereffyes. Anno Octauo h. vj^ti [A.D 1429-30.]

[MS. Egerton 650 114b] The fi[f] day of Nouember, þe Kyng, wyth hys lordys, ryally rode frome Kyngstone ouer London Bryge, And so forth Frenchyrche strete, evyn vn-to the Toure, to hys mete. And þe Maire and þe Aldermen, all in Scarlete hodys, rode to mete the

Kyng, And so rode forth with hym to þe Toure The Seterday next aftre; wher-of were þe Erle of Denshyre, þe Lord Spencer sone, the Erle of Warwyk, þe Lord Beamounde. And aftre none, þe Kyng, in a riall araye, with all hys lordys Ryally a-rayed in cloth of gold for þe most part, with the said xxiiij newe knyghtes all in blew, the prestes rode a-fore þe Kyng ij and ij, from þe Toure to Westmynstre. And þe Maire and þe Aldermen, all in Scarlet, rode also, and broght þe Kyng to Westmynstre. And at London Bryge was made a toure full of Angels And þe grete Condyte and þe lytill Condite in þe Chepe, rially arayed, rynnyng bothe rede wyne and whyte. And at the Crosse in þe Chepe was made a riall castell, And þerin was grete Wurshyp shewed to þe Kyng.

On þe morne, þe Sonday, þe vj day of Nouember, þe Kyng was crowned at Westmynstre full rially. And all Bysshoppys and Abbotes Copitt and mytred ryally; And all temperall lordys rode in þaire estate; And all oþer knyghtes (for most perty) all in cloth of gold rially. And Henri of Wynchestre, Cardinale, as a Cardenall sate in a sete by þe ryght hand of the Kyng. And þer was Quene Kateryne, moder of the Kyng, And a grete noumbre of ladis and gentill-wemmen rially arayed. And also þer come sodanly to þe coronacion one of þe kinges sones of Porttyngale, And he was Wurshypfully resceyved. And þat day was a fare day and a clere, blessed be God!

Also þat yere þe perlement was eniourned till aftre Crystynmasse. Also þe Fryday, þe xx day of Ianuuere, Richard Hunden, wolpakker, was brent at þe Toure-hyll for hys Lollardy and herysye.

The Tuysday next aftre, Iohn Vpton, þe appellaunte, and Iohn Downe of Feueressham, defendaunt, Armed, faght with-yn lystis in Smythfelde nyghe an oure. And þen þe Kyng toke it in-to hys awne hand; And þe Seterday aftre, at Kenyngton, þe Kyng made an ende be-twene þaim bothe; And so þai rode at large.

The perlement began agayn þe Monday aftre, þe xij day. And in þe meyne tyme The Cardinall went ouer þe see on þe Kynges message.

And also þe same yere, in Estre Weke, þe Kyng went to Caleis, And so to Roon, with the substance of all þe lordes and gentyls of Englond, And left þer þe Duke of Glaucestre, Leuetenaunte.

Nicholas Watton maior.

(M. cccc. xxxi.)

APPENDIX E.

ANOTHER VERSION OF THE TIME FROM 1422-31.

[MS. Rawlinson, B. 173. Bodleian Library.]

[MS. Rawlinson, B. 173 225a] And in that yere [Nov. 1422] come Frenssh Bisshoppes oute of Fraunce, & þis was Cristmas folowyng.

¶ William Crowmere, Maire.

¶ Thomas Sandeford, ¶ Nicholas Iames, ¶ Shreues, anno ij^o. [1 Sept. 1423 to 31 Aug. 1424.]

¶ And in that yere the King was brought fro Windesore in a chare to London, and his modre the Quene sitting in the same chare, and he in her armes, and so he was brought to Westminster. and on the morue bigan the parliament. And in that same yere, on the Wednesday bifore Seint Mathewes day, Syr Iohn Mortymere, knight, brake prison, and went oute off the Toure of London; but sone he was take vpon þe Toure-wharfe, bitwene the Toure & the Temysse, & there he was euyll wounded. And forth-with-all he was brought fortht bifore the Duke of Gloucestre; And vppon the Saturday he was brought to hys answere, and there he was dampned to be drawe & honged, And his hede smetyn of at Tyborne. And than his hede was take and sett vpon London Brygge, and his body was beried at Iones, bicause he [MS. Rawlinson, B. 173 225b] was a knight of the Sepulcre; And hys hede was take downe, & beried with the body; & þat licence gate freier Winchilsey.

¶ Iohn Michell, Maire.

¶ Iohn Bithewater, ¶ Symkyn Seman, ¶ Shreues, anno iij^o. [1 Sept. 1424 to 31 Aug. 1425.]

¶ And in that yere was a generall procession, And a pardoner Riding vpon an horse, and his face to the horse taile, and his billes hanging a-bought hys necke by-hynde and bifore. And whan he

come to þe South dore of Poules, there was Made a grete fire, and all his billes were brent.

¶ Iohn Couentre, Maire.

¶ William Mildrede, ¶ Iohn Brockeley, ¶ Shreues, Anno iiij^tio. [1 Sept. 1425 to 31 Aug. 1426.]

¶ And in that yere was a grete discencion bitwene the Duke of Gloucestre and the Bisshop of Wynchestre; And this was on the same day that þ^e Maire rode. And on the Tuesday was mekle of the bisshoppes retenewe gadered in Southwerke, with bowes and arowes and other herneys. And than the Brige gate was kept with strength of men of armes. And sone after, vppon viij of the clocke, all the Cite was vp, and drewe hem to the water-side, and wolde haue passed ouyr Thamyse. But the Prince of Portingale, the Bisshop of Caunterbury, the Bisshop of Bath, entreted, þonked be God, all was cesed, or none. And the x day of Ianyvere next, þ^e Duke [MS. Rawlinson, B. 173 226a] of Bedford and his wiffe the Duchesse come to London; and the Maire and all the Aldermen, & the craftes, ridde a-yenst him, and welcomed him vnto the Cite, And the Bisshope of Winchestre come with him. And in this same yere was the parliament at Leicestre.

¶ Iohn Reynewe, Maire.

¶ Robert Arnolde, ¶ Iohn Higham, ¶ Shreues, Anno quinto. [1 Sept. 1426 to 31 Aug. 1427.]

And in the same yere, in the lattere ende of December, died the goode Duke of Excestre. and in the same yere were founde many false vessels of Romeney, the whiche were made by gadered Galgenet, into the nomber of vj buttes, the which the hedes were smyt oute of in diuerse places of the Cite: the falsest gode that euyr any man see.

¶ Iohn Reynewell, Maire.

¶ Robert Otele, ¶ Henry Frowyke, ¶ Shreues, anno vj^to. [1 Sept. 1427 to 31 Aug. 1428.]

¶ In his tyme there was a lone of iij þousand marke; And it was for the Erle of Salesbury for-to meyntene the Kinges werres in Fraunce; And therto payed diuerse peple, aswell þ^e mene as the riche; som more, some lasse; but the leste was xs. ¶ And after that, was graunted bi the parliament, þat all the chirches of the ralme shulde be stent at a somme; and the Chirche were at xx li,

the paresshens shulde paye xls.: and iff it were of more valewe, than to paye more.

[MS. Rawlinson, B. 173 226b] ¶ Henry Barton, Maire.

¶ Iohn Abbot, ¶ Thomas Duffons, ¶ Shreues, Anno vij^o. [1 Sept. 1428 to 31 Aug. 1429.]

¶ And in this yere was the gode Erle of Salesbury, Sir Thomas Mountague, slayne at the sege of Orliaunce with a Gonne; the whiche was a noble lorde, and a worthi werrioure amonge all Cristen men: On whos soule God for his pite haue mercy! amen! And he was beried at Brisham. In this same yere, at Midsomertide, Henry Benford, Cardinall, and also Bisshop of Winchestre, went ouyr the see into Fraunce with a faire meyne of Archers and men of armes; ¶ And the Lorde Welouby was made Capten of his werres; the whiche Cardinall was purposed and ordeyned for-to haue go into Prage, to haue distroyed and yeue bataile vnto the false heretikes and lollars. And whan he was redy, tidinges come that sege of Orliaunce was broken, and the Lorde Talbot take, and other worthi lordes. And anone in all haste, the Cardinall with his meyne, and Sir Iohn Radclyff with his meyne þat was purposed to haue go into Gienne, went ouer into Fraunce to helpe and strength þe Regent, the Duke off Bedford, in the Kingis right of Englond.

¶ William Estfelde, Maire.

¶ William Rouse, ¶ Richard Holand, ¶ Shreues, anno viij^o. [1 Sept. 1429 to 31 Aug. 1430.]

¶ The Friday, the iij^de day of Nouember, the King with [MS. Rawlinson, B. 173 227a] his lordes, Rialli rode fro Kingeston ouer London Brige, And so forth Fanchirch strete, even to the Toure, to his mete. And the Maire and the Aldermen all in scarlet hodes, Rode to mete the King, and rode forth with him to the Toure. the Saturday next after, the King made xxxiij knightes of the Bath, in the toure of London; wherof were the Erle of Deuenyssh-shire, the Lorde Spencers sonne, the Erle of Warrewike, the Lorde Beaumond. and after none, the King, in riall aray, with all his lordes rialli arayed in clothes of golde for the moste partie, with the saide xxxiij knightes all in blewe like prestes, rode a-fore the King ij and ij fro the Toure to Westminster. And the Maire & þ^e Aldermen all in scarlet, rode also, and brought the King to Westminster. And on the Morue, the Sonday, the vj

day of Nouembre, the King was crowned at Westminster rialli; and Henry of Winchestre, Cardinall, as a Cardinall sate in a sete by, on the right honde of the King. And there was Quene Katerin, moder of the King, And a grete nombre of ladies and gentilwemen rially arayed. And ther come sodenly at þ^e Coronacion, one of the Kinges sonnes of Portingale; and he was worshipfully resceyued. And that daye was a fayre day, & a clere, blessid be God!

¶ Nicholas Wotton, Maire.

¶ Water Chirtesey, ¶ Robert Large, ¶ Shreues, anno ix^o. [1 Sept. 1430 to 31 Aug. 1431.]

[MS. Rawlinson, B. 173 227b] ¶ In that yere come the Cardinall oute of Normandy from Roan; And there was the King, and helde Cristmasse. ¶ and after Cristmas, after Seint Hillaries day, bigan the parliament at Westmynstre. and in that yere come to London the Ambassiatours of Spayne, to trete of pees.

[F]

CONTINUATION OF THE BRUT FROM 1430-1446.

[MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Cambridge.]

[MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 207a] Nicholaus Wotton, Maior. Walterus Chertsey, Robertus Large, Vicecomites. anno ix^o [A.D. 1430-1.]

And in this yere, and in the yere of grace M^l cccc xxx^ti, John Ostillere, at the Crowne in Franchirchestrete of London, debadet with the ambassitours of Spayne, and rered blode of oon of theym þat was a gentleman; wherfor the hosteler was arested and brought to the Countoure, and his wife bothe, for she beganne the debate; and then the Kyng and his consayle remeved hym from the Countoure, and brought hym in the Flete prison. And on the Monday next after, the Maire and bothe the Shirreffes of London, by the comaundment of the Kyng and his consayle, brought hym fro the Flete, fetered, colered, and manacled with yron strongly, thurgh the Cite till they come to Leden-hall, for he shuld haue goon to the Toure to abyde his Iugement for the grete offence þat he had doon, brekyng of the Kynges sauf-condite, ayenst his peas and comaundment. And there these ambassiatours of Spayne mette withe the Maire and his company in Greschirchstrete, as they were goyng toward the Toure, and prayed the Maire of grace for the man; and so he was brought ageyne þat same nyght [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 207b] to Flete prison.

And in this same yere, on Seint Gregoryes day, a preste of Essex was brought to London afore the clergye at Seint Paules, and there he was conuicte in heresy and false Lollardy, þat he mayntened and helde ayenst holy chirche; and so he was brent in Smythfeld for his heresy.

And in this same yere, on the Tuesday next after Palme Sonday, all the prisoners þat were in Ludgate were brought into Newgate prison by Waltere Chirtesey & Roberte Large, shirreffes of

London; and the Friday, the xiij^th day of Aprell then next folowing, the same shirreffes fette oute of Newgate, by the false suggestion and compleynt of oon Iohn Kyngescote, Gaolere of Neugate, .xviij. presoners of fremen. And the oon half of these xviij. presoners were ledde to the oon Counter, and þat oþer half to þat other Compter, by malice and compleynt of þe seid Iohn Kyngescote. And these were ledde to the Compters, braced as though they had be felons and theves, openly in euery mannys sight.

And in this same yere, vpon þe Whitsonday, a man of the towne of Abyngdon þat is in Oxenfordshire, þat called hym-self Iak Sharp, was take, with oþer mo of his company, for risers and distourbours of þe Kynges peple, and for his false ymaginacion and treson þat he began to make and werk in that Cuntre aboute; and þerfore he was drawe, and hanged and quartered at Abyngdon, and his hede smyten of, and set vpon London Brigge, by the comaundement of the Duke of Gloucestre, Lieutenaunt of England, an[d] by alle the good and worthy lordes of the Kinges Consayle beinge that tyme in the Reame.

And in this same yere, the xvj. day of Iune, the preson of Ludgate was made, and opened ageyn for fremen þat be presoners for dette. And the same day they entred in first ageyn by ordynaunce and comaundment of the Maire, aldermen [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 208a] and comyners. And Henry Dene, Tayloure, was made keper of Ludgate prison, by the Maire and all the communialte in the Guyldhall.

And in þis same yere, the xiij. day of Iuyll, John Russell, wollepakkere, was dampned at Westmynstre, and brought to the Kynges Benche, and leyde on a hirdell, and drawen thurgh the Cite of Tybourne, and quartered; and his quarters set vpon dyuers gates of London, and his hede set vpon London Brigge.

John Welles, Maior. Stephanus Broun, John Athirley, vicecomites anno x^o. [1 Sept. 1431 to 31 Aug. 1432]

And þen Kyng Henry was brought from Caleys, þurgh

Normandy, to þe Cite of Roan, with strenght of his lordes, and with men of armes and archers; and there the kyng abode, and rested hym in the Castell and the Cite of Roan, from Seint Iames tyde the Apostell, vnto the secund day of Decembre. And when he come first into Rone, he was receyued and welcomed for theire liege lord and Kyng, with all reuerence, solempnite, gladnesse and worship, þat myght be ordeyned and made; and also they presented hym with ryche and roiall giftes, and thanked God of his comyng. And in the tyme of his abidyng in þe Cite of Roan, there were many iourneyes done in dyuers partyes of Fraunce and Normandy, which be not titled in this boke; for y haue not full conusuaunce of theym, how, ne in what place nor where they were doon.

Here is the begynnyng of Kyng Herries comyng the Sext, from Roan to Parys; and how worthely they of Parys receyued the Kyng in his first comyng thider.

And when Kyng Henry the Sext was goon from the Cite of Roan toward þe Cite of Parys, and first to Seint Denys the .ij. day of Decembre; and þere he was worthely receyued as euer was any kyng to any Cite; and þe village cleped 'Chapell,' betwene Seint Denys and [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 208b] Parys, there mette with the Kyng and his lordes, the Provost of Parys, with the Marchauntez, and iij. other estates with hem, clothed in oon sute, in rede fyne saten crymsyn furred with Martrons, and with blewe hodes, to a grete notable nombre. And whan the Kyng was passed the village, þere mette with hym the Provost of Parys aforeseid, in a blewe gowne of velwet, and the .iij. Maisters of the chastlet with theym, alle clothed in blewe with blak hodes; and next after theym come the ix worthy Emperoures, with Kynges and Quenes, and iche of them armed, sauf the Quenes, and theire horses trapped with theire armes, and the quenes hors trapped with theire armes; and then come the Maister of the Chamber, with the acomptes all clothed in violet, ermyn, scarlet hodes, a notable nomber; and after come the President, with alle the maysters of þe parlement, all clothed in

scarlet, with furred hodes, and round standynge cappes of Trype; and these were the iiij estates with alle the ix worthies.

And at comyng to þe gate of Seint Denys of Parys, there was afore the fronte of the gate þe armes of the towne in gowles, a chieff of asure, with the flourdelice of gold in asure; and also þer was a verrey shippe, with alle the appurtenaunceȝ þerto belongyng, couered with siluer foyle, and certeyne persones standing þerin. And at the Kynges comyng to the gate, they henge ouer the shippe borde iij. blody hertys like vnto mennys hertys, bot þey were gretter. And as the Kyng come to the gate, these thre hertes opened; and oute of hem flewe white dovys and oþer briddes, and certeyn scriptures made, shewyng vnto the Kyng þat they receyued hym with alle hertys, and for theire souereyn Lorde and Kyng. And at the comyng in of the gate was ordeyned a clothe of gold, and vj men beryng it vpon vj. spere-shaftes, and eche of the men bare heded; and on theire hodes, garlaundes of gode foyle, and they clothed in blewe. And in the same strete was a condit, and iij. meremaydes swymmyng aboue on the water; [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 209a] and oute of the condite come rennyng dyu[er]s wynes; oon ypocras; the second rede wyne, the thridde, with mylke. And euery Englissh man þat wold drynk ypocras, had ynough; and alwey men redy to serue theym with cuppes and pecis. And iij wodewoses playing vpon the toppe of þe condyte; and other wodewoses benethe, playing to kepe this condite.

And then in the same strete was made a scaffold; and þerupon men disgysed after the weddyng of oure Lady, and of the birthe of oure Lorde Ihesu Crist, fro the begynnyng to the ende. And þere was neyder man nor childe þat any wight myght perceyue, þat euer chaunged any chere or countenaunce alle the tyme duryng; bot held theire contenaunce, as they had been ymages peynted; so þat all peple þat sawe hem, seyd þat they sawe ncuer in þeire lyves suche a-noder sight.

And after that, comyng in at þe Inner gate of Seint Denys wh[e]re þat he was in Chatere, there was made the life of Seint Denys, and of many other dyuers persons in grete estate aboue hym,

bothe spirituell and temporall, after Cristen men and hethen, as they were in theyre tyme þat is passed. And so comyng to the founteyn of Seint Innocentȝ, there was made a hegge of grene holme-busshes; and þerout stert an hert, and houndes rennyng after hym, couered in þe armes of England and Fraunce. And at þe Chastelet, þere was made a stately ordynaunce of scaffoldes, hanged with clothes of golde and with arras, with the Kinges armes of England and of Fraunce; and a man lykened to þe Kyng sittyng in a sete, kepyng a state in scarled with a furred hode and with .ij. buylhons made with the armes of England and of Fraunce; and vpon the right hande, knelyng, my Lord of Bedford, my Lord of Gloucestre, my Lord Cardynall, and many oþer lordes [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 209b] of England, iche man after his degre, armed with his cote of armes vpon hym; and then the Duke of Burgoyne, knelyng on the lifte hande, offeryng vp the armes of Fraunce, and alle the other lordes of Fraunce in theire degre, knelyng, and offeryng vp their armes; and dyuers scriptures made, þat all they requyre the Kyng of rightwisnesse. And after was presented to þe Kyng a wylde hert, trapped with the armes of the towne.

And so þe Kyng rode forth to oure Lady Chirche, and made his offryng. Alle the stretes from Seint Denys Gate were hanged with cloþes of arras and with clothes of tapissery werk; and for þe most party all the stretes were couered with lynnen clothes.

And so from thens the Kyng that same tyme went to Tourney, and because it was ill ridyng, for the grete froste þat was that tyme in the towne, and the stretes were strawed thurghout for slidyng of theire horses vnto þey come to Tourney; and there the Kyng souped with my Lorde of Bedford, and lay there all nyght, and dyned there on the morowe ere [he] passed any ferther.

And so vpon the morowe the Kyng went to speke with his grandmoder, þe Quene of Fraunce. And there she made hym chere, and welcomed hym with all the dalyaunce, countenaunce, and chere þat she coude or myght; and seid þat 'she was neuer so gladde as she was then, sith she sawe þe Kynge of Fraunce in

good plyte.' And so from the Quene he rode streight to Boys in Vyncent; and there he rested hym vnto þe tyme of hys Coronacion, þe which shuld be holden and doon on þe Sonday, the .viijth day afore Cristmasse, by the grace of God.

And þen the Saterday, the xv. day of Decembre, the Kyng come on the after-none from Boys in Vyncent vnto þe palays of Parys; and he rested hym there all þat nyght. And þe next morowe, the Sonday, was he brought worthely from the palyce to the Chirche of oure Lady in Parys; and there he was crowned Kyng of Fraunce by the Cardynall, þe Bisshop [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 210a] of Winchestre and oþer Englissh Bisshoppes, and by .vj. of þe worthiest Bisshoppes of Fraunce. And this coronacion was worthely doon, with all the solempnite þat myght be doon and ordeyned.

And when the Kyng was crowned, and the seruice doon, then the Kyng was brought ageyn to his palyse, and there set to mete with all delicacye of metes and drynkes þat myght be ordeyned, and open fest to all men þat wold com, bothe pore and riche. And after his coronacion at Parys, the Kyng come doun to þe Cite of Roan. And so, by candelmasse next, the Kyng came to Caleys. And the Marchauntes of the Staple, with the peple of the towne, welcomed hym with all reuerence and honoure, and presented hym with giftes.

And within .xiiij. dayes after, the Kyng come ouer the see into England, and landed at the towne of Dover in Kent; and there were redy the Burgeys of the .v. Portes, and bare the Kyng on lande. And then come moche peple of Kent and Sussex, of good gentelmen and yomen on horsbak and in good aray, and they welcomed the Kyng, and brought hym to Caunterbury; and þere þe Kyng rested hym a day. And then the peple of all the Cuntre aboute come on horsbak and good aray to þe Kyng, and welcomed the Kyng with all theire hertys, and brought the King fro Caunterbury vnto his Maner of Eltham þat is .v. myle oute of London. And there the Kyng rested hym .v. or .vj. dayes, vnto his comyng to the Cite of London.

And in this same yere the xxj^th day of Februare, Kyng Henry the .vj. come from his Maner of Eltham toward the Cite of London; and the Maire and aldermen, with the comynalte of

London, roode ayenst the Kyng on horsbak, in the best aray þat they myght, in the reuerence of the Kyng and in worship and gladnesse of the worthy name of the Cite of London, thurghout the world in worthynesse commended and praysed. For the Maire hym-self was clothed in rede Crymsyn velwett, and a grete velwet hatte furred royally, and a girdell of gold aboute his mydell, and a bawdrik of gold aboute his neck, trillyng doun behynde hym; and his .iij. hensmen on [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 210b] .iij. grete Coursoures foloyng hym, in oon sute of a good aray, in rede, all spangled in siluer; and then all the Aldermen in gownes of scarlet, with sangwyn cappes. And all the communialte of the Cite were clothed in white; bot euery crafte with dyuers devices enbrowded vpon the white gownes, þat euery craft myght be knowen, oon from a-nother, with scarlet hodes or cappes. And all they hoved still on horsbak on the Blak-Heth in Kent, on both sides, as a strete, vnto the Kynges comyng.

And when they sawe the Kyng come, the Maire with the aldermen rode to the Kyng, and welcomed hym with all reuerence, honour and obeysaunce. And the Kyng thanked hem, and he come ridyng thurgh all the peple; and they obeyed, and seid, "Welcom oure liege and Kyng! welcom! and thanked be God in all his giftes, þat we se you in good quart!" and so the Kyng rode streight the high wey to London.

And when the Kyng had riden thurgh Suthwerk, and come to the stuples without London Brigge, þere stode a gyaunt in a toure, with his swerd drawe in his hande, shewed with countenaunce, doth manace all foreyn enemys to the death without mercy, þat seith or doth ayenst the Kynges right. "And y, the Kynges Champyon, in full myght and power."

And then the Kyng come to London Brigge; and there was made a roiall hevenly toure; and therin was shewed .iij. ladyes as Emperice, worthely apparaylled in theire aray, which were called by name 'Nature, Grace, and Fortune.' And theire girdelles were blewe, shynyng like to sapheres, which shewed to the Kyng, in his comyng, all goodnesse and gladnesse in vertuous lyvyng; and with oþer .vj. virgynes celestial, in tresses of gold, and with

coronalles on theire hedes, all clothed in white, as virgines, with sonnys of golde on theire garmentes, shewyng as hevenly creatures, mekely salewyng the Kyng, and gaf hym .vij. giftes, þat were toknes of oure Lord God of heven, þat were white dowves, betokenyng the giftes of the Holy Gost, a spirite of intelligence, a spirite of sapience, and a spirite of strenght and of connyng, and of consayle, pite, drede, and lowlynesse. And on the lifte side of these .iij. Emperresses, were .vij. oþer virgyns, clothed all in white, with sterres of gold on theire garmentes, with coronalles on theire hedes, which presented the Kyng with [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 211a] royall giftes: first, they endewed the Kyng with the crowne of glorye, and with the septre of mekenesse and of pite; a swerd of myght and victorie, a mantell of prudence, a shelde of feith, a helme of helth, a girdell of love and of parfite peas. And all these ladyes and virgines welcomed the Kyng with all honoure and reuerence.

And then the Kyng procedyng forth to the Condyte in Cornhill; and þere was made in serkelwyse of Trone; and in the myddes sittyng, a yonge child arayed as a kyng, whom to gouerne were .iij. ladyes, Mercy, Trouthe and the Lady Clennesse; and .ij. Iuges of lawe, and .viij. sergeauntes, to shewe the kyngdom lawe and right. And then the Kyng rode forth, and entred into Chepe, and come to the grete Conduit, þat ranne plente of good wyne, bothe white and rede, to all peple þat wold drynk. And aboue, ouer the Condite, was a royall toure likned to Paradyse, with many dyuers trees beryng eueryche dyuers frutes. And in this same gardeyn was dyuers welles of dyuers wynes, with bokettes; and .iij. glorious virgines wounde vp the wyne, proferyng the Kyng there full habundaunce, fulsomnesse, and high plente. And the names of these virgines been 'Mercy, Grace, and Pite.' And in the ende of this gardeyn þere appered to the Kyng .ij. olde men,—þat oon, Enok; and þat oþer, Ely,—þat shewed the Kyng chere and grete preysing ministryng his gouernance.

And the Kyng passed forth, and come to the Crosse in Chepe;

and there was made a castell roiall; and on the Est syde stode .ij. grene treeȝ, which bare the armes of England and of Fraunce, the libardes and the flouredelice, which been the Kinges right and trewe armes be lyne. And vpon this castell, toward Seint Paules, there was the tree of Iesse, with all the braunches, shewyng the kynrede of oure Lorde Ihesu and of our Lady, Seint Marye, to the comfort of the Kyng, and for the grete solempnite of þe worthy cite of London.

And then they passed forth from þe Castell and come toward Seint Paules at the Litell Conduit; and þere was made an heven indivisible of the Trinite; and a trone compassed his roiall See with a grete multitude of angellys hym aboute, with dyuers melodyes and songe, to hertly ioye and [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 211b] comfortyng of the Kyng and all his peple. And whan he was come to Seint Paules, there he alight doun of his hors; and þere come þe Archebisshop of Caunterbury, and the Archebisshop of York, and þe Bisshop of Lincoln, and the Bisshop[es] of Bathe, Salesbury, Norwich, Ely, and Rochestre, and the Dene of Paules with his couent, in procession, in theire best araye of holy Chirche, and met with hym, and did hym obseruaunce as bylongeth to hym, and censed hym at his comyng in; and so brought the kyng to the high autere, with roiall songe. And there the kyng offred; and then he come oute ageyn, and toke his hors, and come to Westminster; and thider brought hym the Maire, Aldermen, and all the communialte of the Cite of London.

And when the kyng was come to Westminster with all his peple, the Abbot and all the Couent come oute, coped roially, in procession, with high solempnite and gladnesse. And the Abbot brought to the Kyng, Seint Edwardes septre; and so he come into the Abbay with all solempnite, ioye and songe, and offred to Seint Edward; and then come oute ageyne, and went to his palace. And then the Maire and Aldermen, with all the communialte of London, toke theire leve of the Kyng and of the lordes, and thanked God highly of his welfare and comyng.

And on the Seturday next suyng, the Maire and þe Aldermen come ageyn to Westminster to the palays, with a riche hanaper of gold, and presented in to the Kyng, and a M^l .li. of gold therin, to

his bien venewe and welcom hoom; and prayed hym of his high myghty grace, lordship and love to his Chambre.

And þen anon after Ester next folowyng, the Kyng held his parlement at Westminster; and it lasted till seint Jametyde þe Appostell. and at þe begynnyng of the parlement, the Cardynall, the Bisshop of Wynchestre, come ouer the see into England, and so to London to þe Kyng, to excuse hym of the offenceȝ and blames þat were put vpon hym for thinges doon in Fraunce, by the compleynt of certeyn lordes; wherof he hath worthely excused hym to the Kyng and to his consayle; and so he was fully excused, and the parties at oon.

And also to this parlement come Frenssh lordes, bothe spirituall and temporell and ambassatours of Spayne, and oþer diuers lordes of dyuers [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 212a] landes, to trete for peas and other certeyn maters. And the xxvj. day of Juyn come the Dukes son of Bretayn ouer the see into England, and so to London to the Kyng; and with hym come a Bisshop of that lande, and certeyn knyghtes and Squyers and theire meny.

Johannes Parneys, Maior. Johannes Olney, Johannes Paddesley, vicecomites anno xj^o [A.D. 1432-3.]

And this same yere, the Lord Camoys, Sir Waltere Hungerford son, went ouer the see into Normandy, with knyghtes, squyers, men of armeȝ and archers, to the Nombre of xvc. peple and mo, by ordynaunce of the Kyng and his Consayle of the Reame, in strengthing and helpyng of the Duke of Bedford, Regent in tho partieȝ, and of all the Kynges liege peple, and for keping of the Kynges title and right.

And in þis same yere the Kynges sonne of Naverne, with oþer dyuers peple with hym, come in ambassiatry to the Kyng and to his Consayle.

And in þis same yere the Kyng let intere the Duchesse of Bedford, which deyed in Fraunce, at Seint Paules in London, with moche royalte and solempnite as myght be doon in holy Chirche.

And in this same yere, anon after Cristmasse, þe Bisshop of Acres in the land of Navern, come to the Kyng in ambassiarty.

And in þis same yere on Seint Wolstans day, Sir Robert Fitȝhugh was stalled Bisshop of London in the see of Seint Paules.

And in this same yere, anon after Cristmasse, the grete conuocacion and consayle of all the landes in Cristendom, and also of all oþer seculer lordes, and Clerkes,—þat is to say, Bisshoppes and other consayle began in the Cite of Basyle in Duchelande, for to make vnite and peas emong all Cristen peple, and for to destroye heretikes and erresye þat then reigned emong the peple.

And in this same yere, anon after Ester, þe Archebisshop of Caunterbury and oþer Bisshoppes with othere clergy, and the Duke of Gloucestre with oþer lordeȝ, knyghtes and squyers, went ouer the see to Caleys, for trety, and made þere a [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 212b] consayle betwene þe Frenssh and þe Englissh. And þider come out of Fraunce þe Duke of Bedford, Regent, with many other Frenssh lordes, bothe spirituall and temporall; and also þider come þe Cardynall, þe Bisshop of Wynchestre.

And in this same yere, the xxij^th day of Aprell, the Erle of Huntyngton, with other dyuers lordes, knyghtes and squyers, with men of armes and archers, shipped at Hampton, and went ouer the see into Normandy and so to Fraunce, for to mayntene, kepe and gouerne the right of oure Kyng and þe parties of Fraunce and Normandy.

And in this same yere, Herry Beauford, Cardynall, Bisshop of Wynchestre, come ouer the see into England, and so to London, the x^th day of Iuyn, to his Maner of Seint Mary Ouerey in Suthwerk.

And in this same yere was the Clipse in þe after-None, þat Asshewell þe white frere, and oþer clerkes, spake of longe tyme before; which all peple dowted and were sore aferd of, thurgh the speche of þe seid frere. And this clipse was the xvij. day of Iuyn.

And in this same yere come Iohn, Duke of Bedford, with his

newe wedded wife, þe Erles doughter of Seintpoule; and they come from Fraunce ouer the see into England, and so come to London, the xxiij^th day of Iuyn, þat was Mydsomer Even. And þe Mayre and aldermen, with many worthy comouns of London, brought theym from the Blak-Heth in Kent, and so to London into Fletestrete, vnto þe Bisshoppes Inne of Salesbury, with all honoure and reuerence.

John Brokley, Maior. Thomas Charlton, John Lynge, vicecomites Anno xij^o [A.D. 1433-4.]

And in this same yere, and in the yere of grace M^l ccccxxxiiij^ty, þe viij. day of Iuyn, Iohn, Duke of Bedford, and his lady þe Duchesse, went ageyn ouer þe see to Caleys, and so into Normandy and Fraunce, with a grete nombre of peple, in strengthing and mayntenyng of oure Kynges right in [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 213a] Fraunce and Normandy.

And in þis same yere was a grete pestilence in London, bothe of men, women and childern; and namely of worthy men, as aldermen and oþer worthi communiers; and also thurgh England þe peple deyed sore, bothe pore and riche, which was grete hevynesse to all peple.

Robertus Otley, Maior. Thomas Bernewell, Symon Eyre, vicecomites anno xiij^o [A.D. 1434-5.]

And in this yere, and in þe yere of grace M^l. cccc. xxxv^ty, þe xxijth day Nouember, the grete and hard frost bygan; and it endured vnto the fest of Candelmasse next, which distroyed þe olde peple, bothe men and women, and also yong childern. And also in that same tyme deyed many bay trees, and rosemary, Sauge, tyme, and many oþer herbes.

And in this same yere, Sir Herrye Beauford, Cardynall, Bisshop of Wynchestre, and Maister Iohn Kemp, Archebisshop of York, and the Erle of Huntyngton, with oþer lordes, knyghtes, and Squyers, and Clergye, went ouer the see into Fraunce, to þe Cite of Reynes, to trete for a fynall peas betwene England and Fraunce. Bot it was sone disquat, for þe grete highnesse, pride, and couetyse of þe Frenssh party. For oure Englissh peple abode there from Midsomer till it was nygh Michelmasse. And so they departed from hem, and come ageyne into England in saufte, thanked be God!

And in this same yere, anon after these lordes comyng out of Fraunce from this trety of peas, Iohn, Duk of Bedford, was seke, and deyed in the Roan in Normandy; and there he is buryed: vpon whos soule, God haue mercy! amen!

Henricus Frowyk, Maior. Robertus Clopton, Thomas Catworth, vicecomites anno xiiij^o [A.D. 1435-6.]

And in this same yere, and in the yere of grace M^l ccccxxxvj^ti, Kyng Henre þe vj^th held his parlement at Westmynster. And in þis parlement was graunted a [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 213b] disme for holy chirche, and a xv^th thurghout the Reame, to mayntene þe Kynges werres and to deffende oure Enemyes. And also they graunted to þe Kyng in this parlement, of all peple, pore and riche, both of spirituell and temporell, to pay of theire landes and rentes, and of all freheld þat they haue within this Reame of England, vj d. of þe pound; and þis treuly to fecche and geddre, to help in þe Kynges nedes as at this tyme.

And anon, in the begynnyng of Lent next folowyng, þe King, with his conseyle, borowed a somme of gold þurghout þe Reame, of temporall peple, þat amounted a c. M^l marc of money, to sende his peple ouer the see; to kepe, mayntene, and gouerne his landes byyonde the See: of which somme, the peple of London lent x M^l marc in olde and in newe, þat is to sey, .iiij. M^l v^c marc of olde, and iiij M^l v^c marc of newe prest. So these ij. sommes drawen x M^l marc and more, ouer the good peple of þe Cite of London, þat is to sey, certeyn craftes found both men of armes and archers to Caleys, forto kepe the towne in saufgarde from oure enemys, þat is to say, the Duke of Burgoyne and his strenght. And also the Cite of London sent stuff to Caleys, as Gonnes, Gonnepouder, with other commoditees for the werre, to kepe þat place sauf, to þe worship of oure Kyng and of þe Reame, and to þe welfare and profite of all England.

And this same yere, deyed iiij bisshoppes in England, þat is to say, the Bisshop of Ely, the Bisshop of London, the Bisshop of Lincoln, and the Bisshop of Bangore, and oþer mo prelatȝ of worthynesse and state, in dyuers partyes of the Reame of England.

And in this same yere, the Erle of Morteyner went ouer þe see to Caleys with a grete peple of men of armes and archers, in þe Passion Weke, in the defence of oure Kyng, and to destroye oure enemys.

And in this same yere, the iiij^th day of Maye, the Erle of Salesbury, and his broder the Lord Faukonberge, went ouer the see into Normandy with a fayre company of knyghtes and squyers, with men of armes and archers, in defence of þe Kyng and of þe Reame of England, for to destroye oure enemys.

And in this same yere, in þe Moneth of Maye, the Duke of York and þerle of Suffolk, with oþer lordes, [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 214a] knyghtes and squyers, men of armes and archers, and all oþer stuff and necessaryes þat perteyneth to werre, went ouer the see into Normandy and Fraunce, as lieftenaunt vnder the Kyng of England, forto gouerne and kepe þe landes of Fraunce and Normandy ageyns the Kynges enemys, and in saluacion of the Kynges peple.

And in this same yere aboute Midsomer, the Duke of Burgoyne, with all his pusance of peple, bothe of Fraunce and of Flaundres, and of oþer dyuers contreys, come and byseged þe towne of Caleys, and þe garrysons þat belongen þerto. And þere they destroyed both Mark and Oye, and of þe Kynges peple many oon. And þey come thider with so grete strenght and ordynaunce of werre, þat it was impossible any creatures to conquere theym, sauf þe grace of God oonly; wherfore þat the Kyng of England, with his consayle, let ordeyn and send ouer þe see to Caleys, for þe Rescues therof, and for his peple lying þere, and for his right, his vncle þe Duke of Gloucestre, the Duke of Norffolk, þe Erle of Warwyk, and þe Erle of Stafford, and þe Erle of Ewe, his broder, and þe Erle of Huntyngdon, and þe lord Fawnehope, Sir John Cornwayle knyght, and many oþer lordes, knyghtes and Squyers, and many oþer men of armes and archers, to þe nombre of Lx. M^l peple, with many dyuers wepenys þat belongeth to batayle. And then come the Navy of Spayne, with oþer dyuers shippes, which were grete vessels, and stronge and well-manned, and byseged þe towne of Caleys by water. Then come þe Erle of Devenshire with his Navye out of the west costes, and with oþer dyuers shippes of England well-manned; and they herd of his commyng, and they voided, and went theire wey thens, and wold no lenger abide. And then the Erle of Morteyner and þe Lorde Camoys, with a certeyn of theire peple, issued oute of Caleys, and brake the sege þat the Duke of Burgoyne had ordeyned ayenst the towne of Caleys, and come to þe Bastyle of strength, and slewe þe most party þat were þerin, and destroyed moche peple, and toke his ordynaunce, and

the remenaunt fledde away. And this was doon ere the Duke of Gloucestre come ouer þe see to Caleys [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 214b] with his Navye and people.

And after this, aboute our Lady Day þe assumpcion, the Duke of Gloucestre, the Duke of Norffolk, with Erles and lordes, with all theire oþer people and ordynaunces, come vnto Caleys forto rescue it, and forto destroye the sege; bot it was doon and ended ere they come, thanked be God of his grace! And þen þe Duke of Gloucestre, with all his peple, abode in Caleys till he had take his consayle what was best to doon. And þen he toke all his peple and went into Flaundres, and slowe and brent all þat they myht, and toke .ij. townes, Poperyng and Bell. And anon whan this was doon, he comanded all his peple to turne ageyn to Caleys, vpon peyn of deth, in all haste. And so þey taryed not longe there, bot come ageyn in all hast into England.

And in þis same yere, whils all this doyng was at Caleys and in Flaundreȝ, the Kyng of Scottes come with an huge powere of peple and ordynaunce, and biseged þe towne of Berwik, and after, the Castell of Rokesburgh, and did moche harme þere as he come. And þen come þe Erle of Northumberland and þe Erle of Westmerland, with lordes and peple of the Cuntrees, and distroyed and brake his seges; and he fledde with his peple, and turned ageyn into Scotland.

Johannes Mychell, Maior. Thomas Mustum, Willemus Gregory, Vicecomites Anno xv^o [A.D. 1436-7.]

And in this same yere, and the yere of grace M^l CCCC. xxxv^ti the grete, hard, bityng frost bygan the vij. day of Decembre, and endured vnto þe xxij. day of Feuerere next, which greved þe peple wonder sore; and moche pepel deyed in þat tyme, for colde and for skarcite of wode and cole. And tender herbes were slayne with þis frost, þat is to say, Rosemary, sauge, tyme, and many oþer herbes.

And in þis same yere deyed good Quene Kateryn, þat was moder to Kyng Henre the Sext, and wife to Kyng Henre the .v^th, the þursday þe .iij. day of [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 215a] Ianuare, in þe Abbey of Bermondesey without Suthwerk, in þe counte of Surre. And the Friday, the viij. day of Feuerere next after, the body of the Quene was brought to Seint Kateryns beside the Toure, and so thurgh London to Seint Paules, with lordes and ladyes, and with the Maire and Aldermen,

and the Craftes in London and with all the religious peple, as chanons, prestys and freres; and there was a solempne dirige and masse on the morowe. And from thens she was brought to Westmynstre, and þere was hir terement holden and doon rially; and þere buryed in the Chapell of oure Lady, on whos soule, God haue mercy! Amen!

And in this same yere, duryng the hard frost, þe Monday the xxiij. of Ianuare, the gate of þe Cite at London Brigge ouer-threwe and fell doun into Tamys to þe hard ground, and drewe the houses after hym, bothe within and without, to grete harm to þe Cite and to þe brigge.

And in this same yere, the walles of chirches, howses, and of Selers, þat were made of chalke, broke in many places, and fell in smale pecys to the grounde as dust.

And in this yere þe Kyng held his parlement at Westmynstre; and it byganne at þe Fest of Seint Hillary, and ended at Ester next folowyng. And in þe begynnyng of Lent, tydynges come to þe Kyng and to the Reame, how þat þe Kyng of Scottes, Sir Iames Steward, was slayn at Seint Johnes Towne with treson, by a Squyer of Scotland. And to this parlement come many dyuers straungers, somme of Aragon in Spayne, somme of Spruce, somme of Beam, and somme of Fraunce and Normandy. And þe Bisshop of Tyrwyn, with dyuers knyghtes and Squyers, come to this same parlement.

And in this same yere, the ix^th day of Iuyll, deyed Quene Iohan in the Maner of Haueryng-at-Bour in Essex, which was wife to Kyng Henry the iiij^th; and from thens she was brought to Caunterbury, and there is she buryed: on whose soule, God haue mercy! Amen!

And in this yere, anon after Midsomer, the Lord Willoughby, and other lordes with hym, knyghtes and squyers, men of armes and archers, were sent ouer the see into Fraunce, forto strenght, mayntene, and kepe the Kynges title and right þat he hadde in Fraunce and Normandy.

And in this same yere, at þe Natiuite of oure Lady Seint Mary, þe Erle of Warwik was ordeyned [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 215b] and comaunded ouer the see into Fraunce and Norma[n]dy, forto be lieftenaunt and gouernour in the Kynges name, with strenght of all þe partyes and landes þat the King hath byyonde the see, as in Fraunce, Normandy, and

Gascoyne. And then the Duke of York come hoom ageyn, þat longe tyme had been there; and so the same tyme he toke his iourney with lordes, knyghtes and squyers, men of armes and archers, a royall and a worthy company, and toke with hym þe lady his wife, and the yonge Lord Spencer, his sonne and his heire, and shipped in Goddes name, and toke the see. And when they were forth in the see, there arose grete tempestes, stormes and wyndes; and then they stode in perill of deth; and so, as God wold, he was dryven ageyn into England costes, and were saved; and so, at Allhalowentyde next, the good Erle of Warwyk toke his shippyng ageyn, and passed ouer the see, and come with his peple to Roan in saufte, thanked be God!

Willelmus Estfeld, Maior. Willelmus Hales, Willelmus Chapman, vicecomites anno xvj^o [A.D. 1437-8.]

And in this same yere, and in the yere of grace M^l CCCC xxxviij, a woman of Highgate, þat was a tayllours wife, lete sle hir husbond; and þerfore she was Iuged to be brent at the Toure hill, þe Monday þe xxvij^th day of Ianuare.

And in this same yere, on Esterday, a gardyner þat wonned at Seint Mary at Nax in London, receued þe glorious sacrament oure Lordes body, and toke it oute of his mouth, and hidde it in a clowte, and wold haue brent it. And the parson took the sacrament, and receyued it reuerently, and brought it to þe high auter ageyn, and sent þe gardyner to prison. And þe Bisshop of London and oþer Bisshoppes and clergye sate vpon hym, and Iuged hym, for lollardry and erresye, to be brent in Smythfeld.

And in this same yere, the xiij. day of Iuyn, .v. men of the Cuntre of Tynderden in Kent, were founden and taken for heresyes and destroyers of the Kinges peple; and so they were brought to [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 216a] Maidston in Kent, and there Iuged to deth, to be drawe, hanged, quarterd, and theire hedes smyten of.

And in this same yere, the Erle of Morteyn went ouer the see into Fraunce by the Kynges comaundment and consayle, forto strenght and kepe in the Kinges name certeyn partyes in Fraunce and Normandy, with knyghtes, squyers, men of armes and archers.

And all this yere duryng, was grete scarcite of corn; for a busshell whete was at xx d. and ijs., and in the last ende of the yere at xxvj d. þe busshell; and a busshell of rye was xvj d. and

xviij d., and barly at x d. and xij d.; and then was right feble brede made for þe comon peple; and a galon of rede wyne at x d., and all oþer swete wynes at xvj d., as Romney, Malvesyne, Clarry, Tyre; and flessh and fyssh was longe tyme at an high price, which was grete charge to all the comons þurghout þe Reame. And in all þe North Cuntre a busshel of whete was at xl d. the most part of þe yere. And moche worthy peple deyed in the yere of pestilence, and of oþer commune peple of men, women and childern, thurghout þe Ream, and principally at York and in the North Cuntre; on whos soules God haue mercy! amen!

And in that same yere, in the Moneth of Iuyll, were made .vij. Sergeaunteȝ of Lawe; and they held theire generall fest the day of the Translacion of Seint Thomas, in the Bisshoppes Inne of Ely in Holbourne.

Stephen Broun, Maior. Hugo Dyke, Nicholaus Yoo, vicecomites anno xvij^o [A.D. 1438-9].

And in this same yere, and the yere of grace M^l CCCC xxxix^ti, on Seint Clementes day, betwene .iij. and .iiij. after None, þer fell such wedring of wynde and rayne, thondyr and lightnynges; and a grete smoke of the lightnynge, þat all peple were sore agast þerof, for þe hydous noyse þat was herd in the Reame. And þerwith an erthquake, þat shoke all the grounde.

And in this yere on Seint Georges Even, [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 216b] the holy Martir, from .ij. after mydnyght vnto .v. of the clok in þer mornyng, þer was so huge and so grevous wedryng of thundir and lightnyng, hale, wynde and Rayne, þat the peple were hugely agast and dred of it; bot oure Lord God and his blessed Moder, oure Lady Seint Marye, saved and kept all his hande-werk at all tymes,—blessed myght He and she be! amen!

And in this same yere, on the Monday next after Trinite Sonday, the Erle of Huntingdon, with oþer lordes, knyghtes and Squyers, men of armes and archers, went out of London toward the see for to gouerne and kepe the Cite of Burdeux, and also the Cuntreyes of Gascoyne and Guyan, to the profite of oure liege Lorde the Kyng, and to the welfare of the Reame of England.

And in this same yere deyed Sir Richard Beauchamp, Erle of Warwyk, in Normandy; and his bonys were brought into England,

and buryed at the towne of Warwik: on whos soule, God haue mercy! amen!

And in this same yere, the .v. day of Iuyn, the Erle of Stafford, with lordes, knyghtes, squyers, men of armes and archers, in good aray, went ouer the see to Caleys, for tretice betwene England and Fraunce. And within .ij. dayes after, went ouer the see to Caleys, the Archebisshop of York, þe Bisshop of Norwiche, and the Bisshop of Seint Dauy, with a grete meyne of clerkes, and moche oþer peple with theym, in good arraye, to Caleis, to this same tretice. And the Friday next after that, went the Cardinall, the Bisshop of Wynchestre, with a grete multitude of peple, ouer the see to Caleys, to the same tretice. And the Seturday next, went out of the Cite of London toward Caleis, to that same tretice, the Duke of Norffolk, with oþer grete lordes, knyghtes and squyers, and moche oþer peple with hym, in good araye; And Sir Richard Wodevyle, knyght, and Sir Roger Chamberlayn, knyght; and many oþer worthy states of knyghtes and Squyers, with men of armes and archers, went ouer the see into Normandy, to kepe the Kynges title and right. And þere þe Cardynall and these Bisshoppes, and the Duke of Norffolk, abode þere, and treted with the Frenssh party vnto þe terme of Michelmasse [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 217a] next folowyng.

And in all this yere, all greynes of corne were at an high price; for whete was at xxxij d., barly at xvj d., and rye at ij s., vnto the terme of Michelmasse next; and then was whete at xviij d., barly at x d., and Rye at xiiij d.

Robertus Large, Maior. Robertus Marchall, Philippus Malpas, vicecomites anno xviij^o [A.D. 1439-40].

And in this same yere, and in the yere of grace M^l CCCC xl., a seruaunt þat was with a man of Hakney, .ij. myle from London, come with his mayster to London, and bought vitayle and must for deynte, forto sende hoom to his wife, for she was grete with childe. And the fals creature, when he come hoom, slewe þe wife and the child within her, and an oþer damysell and a noþer yong felawe þat was within his hous, and robbed theym of all theire Iewels and tresoure þat they hadde within theym. And so he fledde, and wold haue goon his weye; but God wold not so; for murdour woll com oute; and so he was take and brought to London, and so to Westminster; and þere he had his dome, to be brought to þe Toure of

London, and þere leide on a hirdell, and drawen thurgh the Cite to Tyburn, and þere hanged for his falshede.

And anon after in this same yere, þe Cardynall and oþer Bisshoppes, and the Duke of Norffolk, with all oþer lordes, bothe spirituall and temporall, had ended theire trete, and made a trewes betwene England and Fraunce and Flaundres for iij. yere; and thus was this matere ended.

And in this same yere, Pope Eugeny, of the high grace and gifte of God, and of his grete avise and gouernance, conuerted and brought all the land of Grece, and oþer provynces and kyngdoms, into Cristen lawe and feith, and to hold the lawe and feith of Rome and of the Pope, as we doon at all tymes.

And in this same yere, on the morne after Seint Martyns Day, Kyng Henry the Sext held his parlement at Westminster, [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 217b] and it endured there vnto Cristmasse next, and myght not acorde. And the morowe after xij. day, the Kyng and his lordes removed it to þe towne of Redyng; and þere the parlement was holden and ended, to the welfare of the King and of the Reame, as we trust and hope in oure Lord God, in tyme comyng.

And in this same yere, aboute Cristmasse, went the Erle of Somersett ouer the see into Fraunce and Normandy, with a roiall peple of lordes, knyghtes, Squyers, men of armes and archers, forto gouerne there þe Kynges peple and landes, and to strength the lordes and theire peple þat hadde been þere long tyme, savyng and mayntenyng the Kynges right and title.

And in þis same yere, the Duchesse of Clarence deyed in the Abbey of Bermondesey without Suthwerk in Surre. And sho was caried to Caunterbury, and buried beside the Lord Thomas hir husbond, which was Duke of Clarence, on whos soule, God haue mercy! amen!

And in this same yer deyed the Countesse of Warwik, and is buried beside hir lord, Sir Richard Beauchamp, Erle of Warwik: on whos soules, God haue mercy! amen!

And this same yere, in the tyme of Lent, come .vj. persones with theire shippes from byyonde the see, with dyuers fyssh forto vitayle the Cite of London. And when they were delyuerd, and goyng homward, þer come a company of fals men, and pursued theym in a barge, and come vpon theym in the nyght, as þey were aslepe in theire vesseles and rode by anker in Tamys, and slewe all

þat were there in the shippes, and cutte þeir throtes and cast theym in the water, and after drowned theire shippes.—and the shippes sank in the water,—for no man shuld espye theire falsnesse. And so, within a while after, two of these theves were take and dampned, for theire trespasse, þat they brake the Kynges trewes and peas, to be ledde to Seint Katerins byyonde the Toure of London, and þere a payre of Galowes to be sett vp, and hanged with cheynes and colers of Iron, till they be wasted and spent. And this was doon on a Friday, in the mornyng, þe xixth day of Aprell.

And in þis same yere, [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 218a] a fuller of Shordiche apeched of treson many worthy men of Kent, bothe Squiers, and oþer worthy men of gentelmem; wherof he was atteint, and proved fals of his fals apechement; And so he was brought afore the lawe, and dampned to be drawe and hanged, and his hede smyten of, and sett on London Brigge, and his quarters set on .iiij. gates of London: and this was doon the iiij^th day of Maye.

And in this same yere, Sir Richard Wyche, vicar of Hermondesworth in Middlesex, þat somtyme was vicar of Depford in Kent; and oon Roger Norman, of Normandy born, was take and brought before the Bisshop of London, and tofore the clergie, in the Chapitre hous of Seint Paules; and there they bothe were conuicte in heresye. And then there come a writte from the Chaunceller to the Maire and Shirrefs of London, to do execucion on theym; and so they were brought to the Towre Hill on Seint Botulphes Day, and þere brent, bothe in oon tonne; and thus they ended theire lives in this world. And þe peple þat sawe theym dye, had grete compassion on theym, for the confession and ende þat they made in theire good byleve, and thanked God of his sonde.

And in this same yere, the xij. day of August, þer fell such wederyng of rayn, thunder and lightnyng in þe after None, þat it was hydous, and wonder to se; wherof the peple were sore agast; for the lightnyng fell in Bredstrete, on þe Inne þat is called the Sterre; and there it did moche harme, for it fell in a hey hous where þer was .L. cartfull of heye, and more; and it was all lost and distroyed, and was caried into Chepe; and had not been the high mercy and grace of God, and the grete Rayn, the peple dred it shuld haue brent moche of the Cite and destroyed moche good in that partye.

Johannes Paddesle, Maior. Willelmus Whetenhale, Johannes Sutton, vicecomites anno xix^o [A.D. 1440-1.]

And in this yere, and the yere of grace M^l CCCC xlj, the iiij^th day of Nouembre, the Duke of Orliaunce went out of the Reame of England to Caleys, and so forth into Fraunce, and was receyued at Seint Omers of þe Duke [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 218b] of Burgoyne and of the Duchesse his wife, and of many oþer lordes, knyghtes and squyers, and of oþer comons of Fraunce; and so he come into his owne lordship.

And in this yere, the xxvj. day of Nouembre, a knyght of Spayne chalenged Sir Richard Wodvyle, knyght, in certeyn poyntes and courses of werre, on foote, within listes, with polaxe, swerd and dagger. And thys feet was doon in Smythfeld betwene these two knyghtes well and worthely, and bothe good men and worthy in their dedys of armes. And so the Kyng, of his roiall mageste, cryed 'hoo,' and toke their quarell into his gracious handes.

And in this same yere, the xvj^th day of Maye, the Duke of York, the Erle of Oxenford, the Erle of Ewe, Sir Richard Wodvyle, knyght, with oþer Barons, lordes knyghtes, and squyers, men of armes and archers, went ouer the See with all good aray, as armoure and all oþer stuff þat belongeth to werre, to gouerne and kepe the Kynges right in Fraunce and Normandy, and in all Cuntrees in those partyes, to the worship and profite of the Kyng and of the Reame of England. And with theym went ouer the see the Duchesse of York, the Duchesse of Bedford, the Countesse of Oxenford, the Countesse of Ewe, amd many oþer mo ladyes with theire lordes, and other gentelwomen and damysels þat bilonged to theym: Almyghty God gouerne theym all, and kepe in his saufgard! Amen!

And in this same yere, the xv^th day of Iuyll, Kyng Henry the vjth come oute of Essexe to London, in at the port called Algate, and went ouer London Brigge, and so thurgh Suthwerk to his Maner of Kenyngton. And at his comyng in at Algate, the Maire, Aldermen and Comons, in theire best aray, welcomed the Kyng into the Cite; and made grete Ioye of his comyng. And godely the Kyng thanked the Maire and his brethern and all the Comons. And the Kyng was not so sone passed the Cite, bot þat it hayled, rayned and eke lightned, þat well was hym þat was within house; and so ayenst even it fared in the same Maner, wherof the peple

were sore agast, and aferd of the grete tempest. And so it was spoken emonges the peple, þat þer were som wikked fendes and spirites arered out of helle by coniuracion, forto noy þe peple in the Reame, and to put theym to trouble, discencion [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 219a] and vnrest. An þen was it knowen þat certeyn clerkes, and women þat ar called 'wicches,' had made theire operacion and theire craft to destroy men and women, or whom they list, vnto deth by theire fals craft and worching. Wherof Dame Alianore Cobham, which was þe Duchesse of Gloucestre, was named pricipally of these actes and fals dedes forto destroy the Kyng, whom God saue and kepe! Bot as God wold saue his hande-werk and seruaunt, made it be knowen openly, all theire fals werkys and tresoun þat they ymagyned and wroght, which was openly shewed afore all peple þat wold com to Seint Paules Crosse on the Sonday, the xxiij. day of Iuyll, by Roger þat was hir Clerk, a Nigromancier, by the deuels crafte and ymaginacion in his worching, which was shewed openly in þe sermon-tyme, the day aboueseyd, to all peple þat wold come to se it, of here scriptures, ymages of siluer, of wexe, and of oþer metalles, and swerdys, with many oþer dyuers instrumentes of this fals craft of Nigromancy and the devels powere. And þere Roger, this Clerk, stode vpon an high stage, with all his Instrumentes about hym, spoyling of his garment; and did vpon hym a surplyce, with a crowne of papir vpon his hede, forto forsake all his fals craft of the devell, and for to relapse all þat he had doon and wrought by the devyll and his powere, in presence of the Archebisshop of Canterbury, the Cardynall, þe Bisshop of Wynchestre, þe Bisshop of London, the Bisshop of Salesbury, and many oþer grete clerkys beyng there present; and of oþer lordes temporalles, therle of Huntingdon, therle of Northhumberland, and therle of Stafford, and moo oþer lordes of the Kynges Consayl, and the Maire and Aldermen, with þe Comons of the Cite of London, and many moo people of dyuers partyes, and straungers of the Reame, and aliens of oþer straunge landes beyond the see, beyng in þe [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 219b] Cite of London þat tyme.

And on þe Tewesday, which was Seint James Day þe Apostell, Dame Alianore Cobham come out of the seintwary at Westminster into the Kinges Chapell which is within the Kinges paleys, to the high autere of the same Chapell, which is of Seint Stephen, before the principall clergye of the Reame which were þere present, þat is

to sey, the Archebisshop of Caunterbury, primate of all England, the Cardynal of Wynchestre, the Cardynal of York, the Bisshops of London, Bathe, and Salesbury, and of other many principall Clerkes of the Reame which were there present, and examyned Dame Alianore Cobham of xxviij. dyuers poyntes, bothe of felony and of treson, which þey opened and shewed there to hir. And she ansuered to the Clergye, and sayde 'not gilty'; and so they let hir go sauf ageyn to the Seintwary vnto the morowe, þat was Seint Anne day. And thider she come ageyn as she was charged of the Bisshops; and there was Roger hir Clerk, present, and vouched all these poyntes vpon hir þat were shewed the day aboueseyd to hir, wherof she knowleched somme poyntes at that tyme, the nombre of .v.,—and so she went ageyn into Westmynstre for a certeyn tyme tyll þat the Kyng, with his Consayll, wold do correccion and remedy of all this fals actys and dedys, thus ymagyned and doon to his persone, and his lordes and lieges.

And on þe same day the Kyng sent to London to the Maire and Aldermen and Comons of the Cite, and also to therle of Huntingdon, þe Erle of Stafford, therle of Northumberland, the Tresorer of England, Sir Rauf Cromwell, the Lord Fawnehop, Sir Iohn Cornwayle, Sir Walter Hungerford, and oþer knyghtes and Squyers, to fele and see what was to be doon to amende and destroy this fals dede and cursed ymagynacion to the Kyng and to þe Reame. And they, of theire good discrecion and wysedom, as trewe liege peple ordeyned .iiij. enquestes within the Cite, of substantiall peple; to brynge and shewe trewe inquisicion of all crymes and trespasses þat she was accused of. And they found hir gilty bothe [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 220a] of treson and of felony; and so, thurghout Middlesex, the questes were charged at Westminster of knyghtes and Squyers, to brynge in their verdite; and they indited her in the same poyntes, bothe of felony and of treson. And so, the .xj. day of August, Dame Alianore was take into the handes and ward of Sir Iohn Steward and Sir William Wolff, knyghtes, and to oþer persones as the Kyng and his consayle ordeyned and devised to her, and to oþer of hir consayle and affinite, as they haue deserued, after his tyme and leyser; and she to be kept in holde strongly in the Castell of Ledes in Kent, vnto þe wille of the Kyng and of his Consayle, and all þe oþer persones, bothe men, women wicches, and oþer, to be kept in the Toure of London to his likyng, leyser, and

tym to do to theym as they haue deserued. And so, the .xix. day of Octobre next, by the Kynges comaundment, and his Consayl, Sir Iohn Steward, knyght, with strenght of peple, brought Dame Alianore Cobham from the Castell of Ledes to Westminster, into the Kynges paleys; and there she was put and kept in warde of þe Constable vnto hir answere and examynacion. And the Friday next she was brought into Seint Stephens Chapell, called 'the Kynges chapell,' and 'the Kynges college,' afore the Clergye; and þere was examyned of hir sorcery, and wicchecraft and treson. And so all the poyntes were opened and shewed there to hir by certeyn Bisshops and clerkys, þat is to sey: the Bisshop of London, þe Bisshop of Lincoln, the Bisshop of Salesbury, and the Bisshop of Norwiche, with moo oþer doctours, and maysters of diuinite, beyng þere present. And then she withneyed and withseyd all the poynteȝ þat were put and shewed to hir þat tyme. And than she had respite and day of ansuere till the Monday next. And þere she come ageyn to the same chapell, tofore all the Clergye and Bisshops and doctours, and maystres of diuinite. And then come Roger, hir Clerk, with all his Instrumentes þat were shewed at Seint Paules Crosse aforetyme, and they were shewed to Dame Alianore Cobham; and she withneyed, and seyd 'it was not so; bot þat she did it forto haue borne a child [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 220b] by hir lord, the Duke of Gloucestre,' and þere was Maister Thomas Suthwell, parson of Seint Stephens in Walbroke, and Chanon of þe Kynges Chapell, þat was of hir craft and consayle ayenst hir; and the wicche of Eye, beside Westminster, ayenst Dame Alianore Cobham; and seid þat she was causer and doer of all this werk and dede; And so they were all put vp ageyn as for that tyme. And the xxvj^th day of Octobre next suyng, deyed the seid Mayster Thomas Suthwell, in the Toure of London. And the Friday next, the wicche of Eye was brought from the Towre of London into Smythfeld, and there brent for hir fals beleve and wicchecraft þat she had vsed of longe tyme.

Robertus Clopton, Maior. Willelmus Combes, Ricardus Riche, vicecomites anno xx^o [A.D. 1441-42.]

And in this same yere, and the yere of grace M^lCCCC xlij., the vj. day of Novembre, the Archbisshop of Canterbury and the .ij. Cardynalles of Wynchestre and of York, and þe Bisshops of

London, Lincoln, Salesbury and Norwiche, with dyuers doctors and maistres of diuinite, deuorsed and departed the Duke of Gloucestre and Dame Alianore Cobham, as for matrymony made before betwene theym two. And so Dam Alianore Cobham, by ordynaunce and charge of the Archebisshop of Canterbury and his brethern, was Joyned to hir penaunce for þe grete offence and trespasse þat she had doon ayenst God and holy Chirche, and for the fals sorcery and wicchecraft þat she vsed and longe tyme had wrought, þat she shuld go from Westminster to London .iij. market dayes in the weke, Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, with a taper brennyng in her hande: oon to Seint Paules, and other to Cristchirch, and þe thridde to Seint Michelles in Cornhill. And the Monday, the xiij^th day of Nouembre, Dame Alianore Cobham come by water from Westminster to the Temple brigge, forto do hir charge of penance, on fote thurgh Flestrete [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 221a] to Seint Paules; and þere she offred hir first taper. And the Wednesday next she come from Westminster by Water to the Swanne in Tamystrete, and come on fote with a taper in hir hande, and come vp Tamystrete to Seint Magnus corner, and vp Briggestrete, and Eschepe and Graschirch, and so to the Corner of Leden-Hall, and so to Cristchirch; and there offred the secund taper. And the Friday next, she come from Westminster by water to the Quene-Hithe, and so vp þurgh Bredstrete into Chepe; and thurgh Chepe into Cornhill, to Seint Michelles chirch, and þere offred a taper of a pound wexe; And then was she brought ageyn to Westminster, into the Constable ward.

And the Seturday next, þe xvij. day of Nouembre, Roger Bultyngbrok, Dame Alianore Cobhams Clerk of Nigromancy and sorcery, was brought to the Guyldhall of London, and þere dampned for his fals treson, and for his fals tresoun, and sorcery and Nigromancy ayenst all holy Chirch; wherthurgh he was dampned to deth by landes lawe. And he was ledde to the Toure of London, and leyd vpon a hirdell, and drawen thurgh the Cite to Tybourne galowes, and þere hanged, and let downe ageyne all quyk, and his bowelles cutte out of his body, and brent afore hym. And then was his hede smyten of, and his body quartered; and oon sent to Oxenford, the secund sent to Cambrigge, the thridde to Bristowe, and the fourth to [ ]; and his hede was sent vpon London Brigge: and þus he ended his life in þis world.

And Dame Alianore Cobham yet kept in warde in þe Constablery of Westminster, vnto the Wednesday, the xxiiij. day of Ianuare; and then she was brought thens to þe Maner of Neyte, which is the Abbotes of Westminster; and þere she was kept Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday till noon. And when she was brought first out of Westminster, þere was such wedryng of thonder, lightnyng, hayll and rayne, þat the peple were sore adredde and agast of the grete noyse and hydous of þe weder, [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 221b] þat sodenly was doon and shewed þere at theire passage at þat tyme. And on the Friday at after-None, she was had at the Kynges comaundment and wille, forth to the Cite of Chestre, in an hors-bere, with strenght of peple; and fro Chestre into þe Ile of Man, to be kept þere in sauf gard, etc.

And in this same yere was batell doon, the xxx^th of Ianuare, in Smythfeld, betwene .ij. worthy men, and bold in armes and fight: þat oon men called Sir Philipe Beef, a knyght of Cateloyne; and on þat oþer party, a Squyere of þe Kynges of England, þat men called Iohn Astley. And at þe comyng to þe feld, eyþer of theym toke theire tent; and then was þe knyghtes son of Cateloyne brought to the Kyng, and the Kyng made hym knyght; and then he was brought ageyn to his faders tent. And then, within a while after, the heraudes of armes called theym bothe oute, to do their fight; and so þey come in bothe armed with all theire wepen about theym; bot the knyght come with his swerd drawe, and the Squyere with his spere. And the Squyer cast his spere to þe knyght; and the knyght avoyded it with the swerd, and cast it to the ground; and the Squyer hent his axe, and went to the knyght at onys, and smote many strokes hard and sore vpon his Basenet and on his hande, and made hym lese his axe. And it fell from hym to þe grounde, and brast vp his vmbrere .iij. tymes, and kaught his daggere, and wold haue smyten hym in the face forto haue slayne hym in the feld. And then the Kyng cryed 'hoo!' and so they were departed; and eyþer of theym went hoom ageyn to his tent. And then the Kyng sent for his squyere Iohn Astley, and made hym to be dubbed knyght, for his worthy and good Iourney þat he did and wrought at þat tyme on his enemy in his noble presence, etc.

And in this same yere, the xviij^th day of Maye, began a huge storme of sodeyn wederyng, anon after .iij. of þe clok at after-None,

vnto .vj. of the clok, of hayle, rayne, thundre and lightnyng, þat the peple wondred þervpon. And þe hayle bete doun all the blossomes of trees, þat the frute was all goon for this yere, at London and aboute London, for þe multitude of watere [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 222a] þat come of þe hayle and rayne.

And in this yere, the xxv day of Maye, the Lord Talbot toke his iourney fro London toward Normandy and Fraunce, for to help to gouerne and kepe vnder the Duke of York, the partyes byyond the see, with knyghtes, Squyers, men of armes and archers, and all maner stuff þat longed to werre: which, Almyghty God gouerne, save, and kepe, and all þe Kynges trewe peple, bothe in that party and in oures! And er he toke his iourney out of this lande, þe Kyng made the Lord Talbot, Erle of Shrovesbury, and his son and heire Lord Talbot.

Johannes Atherley, Maior. Thomas Beaumond, Ricardus Nordon, vicecomites anno xxj^o [A.D. 1442-44.]

And in this same yere, and the yere of grace M^l CCCC xliij., þe Tewesday the xiiij. day of Maye, oon Botiler Steynour, and a Baker, and two oþer men and a preest, which were strong, errant theves, robbyng and quellyng the Kynges peple, were dampned at Westminster to be ledde in a Cart standyng vpright from the Kynges Benche in Suthwerk, and so thurgh the Cite of London, tyll they come to Tyburn, and there to be hanged. And so they deyed, all .v. persones; and at the comyng of þem into the Cart, þere fell suche wedryng from the skye, þat folke were sore adredde and agast, it was so horrible and grete, what of rayne, thondere and lightnyng and hayll, in theire passage to þe deth. And on the Tewesday next suyng, two strong theves, and a woman thefe, were hanged at Tyborn for theire fals offences and trespasseȝ, and murdryng of the Kynges peple.

And in this same yere, þe Monday next folowyng, the woman of Kent þat met with the Kyng at þe Blak-Heth in Kent, and spake to hym boldly, and reviled hym vngoodly and vnwisely for Dame Alianore Cobham, þat he shuld haue hir hoom ageyn to hir husbond, the Duke of Gloucestre. And with these wordes the Kyng wexe wroth, and toke it to hert; and [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 222b] she was arested and brought into prison by the lawe, and so broght to Westminster afore the Iusticeȝ of the Kynges Benche. And þere she was repreved

for hir vngoodly langage, and fole-hardynesse to speke so to hir liege lorde, the Kyng. And she ansuered not, bot asked the Kynges grace. And fro þat day she was put vp ageyn in the Kynges Benche till Wednesday next, and then was brought ageyn to Westminster afore the Iustices. And when she was examyned, she wold not speke ne ansuere; and þerfore þe Iustices gafe hir dome, þat she shuld stand in a cart vpright, from the Kynges Benche, and so thurgh London, þat all peple myght se hir, with a paupire about hir hede, of hir proude and lewed langage þat she had spoke and shewed to þe Kyng. And so she was caryed ageyn þurgh London and Suthwerk, in þe same Cart, tyll she come to þe Blak-Heth þere as she seide these wordes vnto þe King; and then was caryed ageyn to Suthwerk, and delyuerd ageyn to þe kepers of þe Kynges Benche, for to haue hir Iugement as þe Iuge had ordeyned it for her offence, forto lay as moche yron vpon hir body till she be deed: and thus she ended in this world, for hir proude langage to hir Kyng and souerayn lord.

And in this yere the Kyng made the Erle of Somerset, Markes Dorsett, and ordeyned hym with a grete Navy of peple, of lordes, knyghtes, Squyers, men of armes and archers; with all maner stuff of werre, forto gouerne, kepe and mayntene his landes in Fraunce, Normandy, and Guyan. And he abode longe tyme after in England, vpon the coostes, to abide for shipping and peple þat were not come to hym. And so, the xxj. day of Iuyll, he toke his shipping ouer the see into Fraunce and Normandy, with his Retenew in good aray and in good spede, þurgh the grace of God and his Moder, oure Lady Seint Mary, and by the comforth of Seint George. And in this yere, the vj. day of August, Gyles, the Dukes broder of Bretayn, come to London, and so to þe Kyng, as for his souerayn lord and best beloued frende, forto play and sporte hym here in this lande, for a tyme, [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 223a] and bysought þe Kyng of his grace and good lordship at all tymes. And so he and his were loeged at the Crowne in Fanchirch Strete, for the tyme of his abidyng here, and of the Kynges grace and gode wille.

Thomas Catworth, Maior, Nicholaus Wyfold, Johannes Norman, vicecomites anno xxij^do [A.D. 1443-44.]

And in this same yere, and the yere of grace M^l CCCC xliiij^ti, anon after Ester, the Duke of Somerset come out of Fraunce and

Normandy into England, and deyed at a Maner of his owne in the west cuntre: vpon whos soule, God haue mercy! amen!

And in þis same yere, on the Wednesday in the Whitson weke, þe Kyng made the Erle of Huntyngdon, Duke of Excestre, in the Castell of Wyndesore; and in the fest of the Exaltacion of the Holy Crosse next folowyng, the Kyng made the Erle of Stafford, Duke of Bokyngham, and the Erle of Suffolk, Markeys of Suffolk and of Norffolk.

And in this same yere, the ambassiatours come out of Fraunce, and oþer partyes byyonde the see, vnto the Kyng, for a mariage for hym, which was a worthy Kynges doughter, þat is called Kyng of Cisile and of Ierusalem. And then the Kyng sent his ambassiatours ouer the see, which was þe Markes of Suffolk, with oþer lordes, Clerkys, knyghtes and Squiers, out of England, to knowe of this worthy mariage, and forto make a finall peas betwene the Reames of England and Fraunce.

And in this yere, the xxij^th day of August, Iohn Kerver of Redyng, gentleman, vntruely and vngoodly, and ayenst feith and lawe, depraued the Kyng; wherfore he was take and brought before þe Kynges Consayle, and þere examyned of his vngodely speche and wordes. And he ansuered, and knowleched hym gilty; wherfore the Kynges Consayle Juged hym to deth as a traytour. And this was his full dome: þat he shuld be ledde ageyn to the towne of Redyng, and drawen and hanged, and let downe ageyn all quyk, and then brought ageyn to þe Cite of London, to þe Toure, and from [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 223b] thens drawen to Tyborn galowes, and hanged, and let down ayen all quyk, and then bowayled and quartered, and his bowayls brent, and þen his hede smyt of, and set on London Brigge; and oon quartere to be set vp at Redyng, and the oþer in dyuers townes in þe Reame. And then the Kyng, of his grete grace and mercy, sent in all haste his Charter of pardon of his offence and trespasse þat he had doon ayenst his persone, and so delyuerd hym quyte, and sent hym to Redyng in sauf garde.

And then the xxv. day of Maye next suyng, þe Kyng of Cisyll and of Ierusalem, with the Quene his wife, brought with theym Dame Margaret theire doughter, to þe Cite of Toures in Turyn, in Fraunce, and þere met the Kyng of Fraunce and the Quene his wife. And the Kyng of Fraunce toke the Kyng of Cisill and of Ierusalem by the hande; and so they yede forth togeder; and the

Quene of Fraunce toke the Quene of Cisill and of Ierusalem by the hande, and so they yede forth togeder thurgh the Cite till they come to the chief Chirch of þe Cite of Tours in Tureyn. And then come this Dame Margarete as for Quene of England, and ledde betwene the Dolphyn of Fraunce and an-oþer grete Prince of Fraunce; and they ledde Dame Margaret to þe chief Chirche, which is of Seynt Martyn, with .vij. dukes and .xiiij. Erles, with oþer grete lordes and ladyes folowing theym, into the same Chirche. And þen come þe Markeys of Suffolk, and all þe oþer ambassatours of England. And þere Dame Margaret made suraunce to þe Markeis of Suffolk, and principally to the Kyng of England, and to all these ambassatours; and she was made þere Quene of England. And þe Markeis of Suffolk and þe oþer ambassiatours made surance to Dame Margaret, in presence of þe kynges and quenes, dukes, Erles, lordes and ladyes, and also in presence of a legate of Rome there beyng at þat tyme. And then the Dolphyn and the oþer prince[s] ledde Dame Margerete, as Quene of England, to þe place þat was ordeyned for hyr worship at that tyme, and these kynges, and þese .ij. quenes folowyng theym, with all the dukes, Erles, lordes and ladyes, with þe ambassiatours of England. And þere Quene Margarete was set in þe [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 224a] myddes of the halle, as principall of this fest, and ryally by hir oone, as Quene of England. And these .ij. oþer quenes were at a table togedir vpon the right side of Quene Margarete. And lordes and ladyes were worthely served thurgh all the Court; and all þe peple of comons þat folowed theym had grete chere of mete and drynke; and they made ioye and myrth, and song (all with high voyce) Nowell! Nowell! Nowell! and peas, peas, peas be to vs! Amen!

Henricus Frowyk, Maior. Stephanus Forster, Hugo Wyche, vicecomites anno xxiij^cio [A.D. 1444-45.]

And in this same yere, and the yere of grace M^l.CCCC. xlv., þe vj^th day of Nouembre, whan all maner stuff of ordynaunce was made and doon for the Quenes comyng into England, þat is to sey, mete, hors, harnesse, chares, with all stuff þat belonged to theym,— and þen þe Markeis of Suffolk and þe lady his wife, with oþer ladyes and gentelwomen, lordes, knyghtes and squyers, and all oþer seruitours þat bylonged to theym, and to þe ordynaunce, for oure Kynges honure and worship went out of London to þe see-costes,

forto shippe theym and all theire ordynaunces, forto mete with Quene Margaret and with hir company, beyng in Fraunce, and condite hir into England in sauf gard to hir lord, Kyng Henry of England and Fraunce, by the gift and grace of oure Lord Ihesu Crist. Amen!

And in this yere, the first day of Februare, was grete wedryng of wynde, hayle, snowe, rayne, thunder and lightnyng, at the after-None; and it endured .iiij. oures; and it did grete harme to þe Cite of London, for it brent Seint Paules grete steple, bothe on þe west syde and on þe south syde. And þe peple espied þe fyre, and come to Seint Paules forto quenche the fyre in þe steple. And goodly they laboured, and quenched þe fyre as ferre as they kouth serche and fynde. And it was quenched with vyneger. And so the Maire herd of this grete hurte, and come with grete peple to Seint Paules, to here and se how it stode there, and to help þem, if nede had been. And þen þe peple withdrowe theym, and went hoom ageyn, and trusted to God it had been in rest and peas.

And then anon after, betwene viij. and ix. of þe clok, þe fyre brast [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 224b] oute ageyn of the steple, more feruent þen it did before, and did moche harme to the lede and tymber of the steple. And anon come þe Mayre and moche peple, and with vynyger, and staunched þe fyre þat was right fervent,—blessed be God of all his giftes! Amen! And þen after, at the Ledenhall in Cornhill of London, a standard of tre was set in myddys of the pavement fast in the grounde, nayled with holme and Ive, for disport of Cristmasse to þe peple of the Cite. And it was þat tyme torne vp and cast downe with þe malign spirite, and the stones of the pavement all about cast in þe strete to dyuers houses, so þat the peple were sore agast of the grete fervent tempestes þat shewed that tyme.

And in this yere, the xviij^th day of Feuerere, þere was a bataylle ordeyned in Smythfeld, and set to fight within lystes for life and deth, betwene Thomas Fitz-Thomas, Pryoure of Kylmayn in Ireland, which appeled Sir Iames Botillere, Erle of Ormond, of treson þat he did in þe Cuntre of Ireland ayenst hym. And this Prioure withdrowe hym, and come not to batayle, where thurgh, as leude, he was convict. And the Erle of Ormond was redy in his tent to ansuere hym; bot the Prioure come not.

And in this yere, the .xxiij. day of Feuerere, the Kyng held his parlement at Westminster, to Archbisshops, bisshops, abbotes

and Priours, and to dukes, Erles, lordes and Barons, knyghtes, squyers, and to Citezens, Burgeises, and comons. And this parlement endured vnto Palme-Sonday; and then it was adiourned by þe King, and his Consayle of his lordes of the parlement, vnto the fest of Seint George was passed. And then, the .xxix^th day of Aprell, þe parlement bygan ageyn at Westminster with archbisshops and oþer lordes, as is beforeseid.

And in this same yere, about Midlent, they brought Quene Margaret out of high, douce Fraunce, into the partyes of Normandy by hir frendes; and the Frenssh partye was there as well as þe Englissh lordes, and abode hir with theire peple, with all worship and reuerence þat myght be doon in worship and reuerence of oure Kyng. And so þey brought hir into the Cite of Roan in sauf garde; and þere she abode vnto þe fest of Estere and lenger, by .xiiij. dayes, with these lordes and ladys of England, þat is to say, the Duke of York, the Duchesse his wife, þe Markes of Suffolk, the lady his wife, the Erle of Shrovesbury, þe Countesse his wife, with oþer lordes and ladyes þat abode in Fraunce and Normandy, with knyghtes, squyers, men of armes and archers, þat abode þere to kepe [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 225a] the Kynges right in all landes of the partyes in Fraunce and Normandy.

And then, after hir restyng þere in þe Cite, she was conueyed to þe towne of Houndflete by lande, þere to haue shipping to com into England to hir lord þe Kyng, hir husband; and with hir come the Markeys of Suffolk, with lordes and ladys, knyghtes, squyers, and gentelwomen, men of armes and archers, and oþer peple, and brought Margarete sauf into the Reame of England. And she landed at þe towne of Hampton; and þere she was worthely receyued of þe peple of Hampton and of þe peple of the Cuntre aboute, with all reuerence and worship þat they couthe do. And after, oure Kyng come, and met with Dame Margarete, the Quene, and brought hir to an abbey in þe newe Forest, þat men calle þe abbey of [ ]; and there þe Kyng was wedded to Dame Margarete the Quene, with the Bisshop of Salesbury þat men called Maister William Ascu. And then the Kyng and his lordes departed from hir, and then met þe Cardinall of Wynchestre with the Quene, and conueyed hir with all reuerence and honoure þat he kouth do, to a Maner of his; and there she abode all nyght with all hir peple. And there was doon grete chere, with chargeable

costes, to hir and to all the peple þat come with hir þat tyme, in reuerence and worship of þe Kyng. And so Quene Margaret was conveyed in the Cuntreyes of Sussexe and Surre till she come to þe Archbisshop of Canterburyes Maner in Croydon, in Surre; and there she rested hir all nyght with grete worship and reuerence, and with all the chere þat myght be doon to hir persone as for þat tyme. And on þe morowe after, she went to þe Maner of Eltham; and þere she restid her after hir grete iournay and travayle .viij. dayes, till she wold com to se the Cite of London.

And þe Friday, þe xxvj^th day of Maye, the Mayre of London, with the aldermen and Shirrefs and comons of the Cite rode to þe Blake-Heth in Kent; and þere they abode and hoved on horsbak vnto the Quenes comyng. And so they come with hir to London; and she was brought to þe Toure of London; and þere she rested hir all nyght. And þere the Kyng, at the reuerence of þe Quene, and the first comyng, made .xlvj. Knyghtes of the Bath. And þen on þe morowen at after None, the Quene come from the Toure in a hors-bere, with .ij. stedes trapped all in white damask poudred with gold; and so was the vesture þat she had on; and þe pylowes and all þe bere in oon sute; and hir here combed downe about hir shulders, with a coronall of gold, riche perles and precious stones, with all lordes on horsbak, and ladyes in chares, þat is to sey, xix. chares of ladyes and theire [MS. O 9. 1. Trinity College, Camb. 225b] gentelwomen, and all the craftes of the Cite of London goynge on fote in theire best aray vnto Seint Paules. And by þe wey, as she come þurgh þe Cite, there were shewed and made many devises and storyes, with angeles and oþer hevenly thinges, with songe and melody in dyuers places; and þe condites ran wyne, bothe white and rede, for all peple þat wold drynk. And then she was had oute of þe bere, and went on fote vp to þe high auter of Seint Paules; and þere she offred, and come oute ageyn to the bere at the west dore of Seint Paules; and so she passed forth till she come to Westminster, with lordes and ladys, and with the Maire and Aldermen and Comons of þe Cite of London. And there they toke theire leve, and went hoom ageyn.

And on þe morowe, þat was Sonday, þe .xxx. day of Maye, was þe Coronacion and fest rially and worthely holden at Westminster in þe Kynges palays; and iij. dayes after, hold open Iustes and revell within þe seintwary, of lordes, knyghtes, and oþer þat wold com at þe reuerence of this fest royal.

And in this yere, þe .xvij. day of Iuyll, come þe ambassatours of Fraunce to London, forto trete for peas betwene England and Fraunce, þat is to say, the Archbisshop of Reynes, þe Erle of Gudoam, with oþer lordes, knyghtes, squyers and clerkes of Fraunce, by the grace of God for a fynal peas.

Simon Eyre, Maior. Johannes Derby, Galfrid Feldyng, vicecomites anno xxiiij^to [A.D. 1445-46.]

[G]

FROM THE CAPTURE OF ROUEN (1419) TO THE ACCESSION OF EDWARD IV (1461).

[Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099, leaf 181.]

How þe king of Englond, Henry þe v^te, was made heritier & Regent of Fraunce, & how he weddid Quene Katerine. ca. ccxlv.

Anone after þat Rone was goten, Depe, & many other townes in baas Normandie yafe þeme ouer with-out stroke or siege, when þei vnderstode þat þe Kyng had goten Rone. Also þis same yere had bene A pees made & sworen bitwen þe Duke of Burgoyne & þe Dolphyn, which wer sworne vpon our Lordes body þat þei shold love & Assist eche other ayenst þer enmyse. [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 181b] And after þis, contrary to þis othe, þe Duke Iohn of Burgoyn was slayn & pitousely murthred in presence of þe Dolphyn; wherfor þe Frensh men were gretly devided, & of veray necessite labored to haue A traitie with þe King of Englond, ffor þe King of Englond wan dayly of þame, townes, casteles & fortresses. Also þis same yere was Quene Iane Arested & brought to þe Castel of Ledys in Kent, and one, frere Randolf, A doctour of Divinitie, hir confessor, which afterward was slayn by þe person of þe Tour falling at wardes & debate. And after Quene Iane was delyuered, In þe vij^te yeer, bothe þe kinges of Englond & of Fraunce were Accorded; & Kynge Henry was made Heir & Regent of France, & wedded dame Kateryn, þe Kyng of Fraunce Doughter, at Troyes in Champayn, on Trinite Sonday. And þis was made bi þe mean of Philipp, newly made Duke of Burgoyn, which was sworn to King Henry for tavenge his fadre deth, & was become Englissh. And þan þe King, with his new wife, went to Paris, wher he was rially receyved. And fro thens he, with his lordes & þe Duke of Burgoyn, & many other lordes of Fraunce, laid seige to diuerse

townes & Castels þat held of þe Dolphyns part, & wan þam; bot þe town of Melun held long, for þer-in was gode defenders.

In þe viij yere of his regn, þe King & Quene came ouer þe see, & landed on Candelmasse day in þe morow, at Dover; and [the] xiiij day of Feueryere, þe King com to London; & þe xxi day of þe same moneth þe Quene come thider; And þe xxiiij day of the same, she was crowned at Westmynster. Also þe same yeer, Anon after Ester, þe King held a parlement at Westmynster, at which it was ordeyned þat þe gold in Englissh coygne shuld be weyed, & none receyved but by weght. And Anone after Wittsontyde, þe King sayled to Caleys, & so forth passed in-to Fraunce. And in Marche, þe xxij day, before þe King come ouer, þe Duke of Clarence was slayn in Fraunce, diuerse other lordes take prisoners, as þerl of Huntyngdon, þerle of Somersett, with diuerse other: & al was because þei wold not take Archers with þam, bot thought to haue do with þe Frenshmen þer self, without [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 182a] thame. And yett, when he was slayn, þe Archiers come & rescued þe body of þe Duke, which þei wold have caried with þame: God haue mercy of his soul; for he was A valiant man! And þe same yeer, bitwene Cristemas & Candelmas, þe town of Melun was yholden to þe Kynge.

In þe ix yere of his regn vpon saynt Nicholas Day in December, was borne Henry, þe Kynges first begoten son at Windesore, whose god-fadres at fount-stone was Henry, Bisshop of Wynchestre, & Iohn, Duke of Bedford; & þe Duches of Holande was god-moder; And Henry Chicheley, Erchebisshop of Canterbury, was god-fader at confirmyng. And in þe x yere of his regn, þe Cite of Mewes, in Brie, was goten, which hadd bene longe besegied. And þis same yeer þe Queen shipped at Hampton, and sayled ouer to þe King in Fraunce, wher she was worsshypfully receyved of þe King, & also of þe Kynge of Fraunce, hir fadir, & of hir modir. And thus Kinge Henry wan

fast in Fraunce, & held gret Astate, & satte at Dyner at A gret feste in Parys, crowned, & þe Queen also, which had nat ben seen to-fore; And al peple resorted vnto his court. But as for þe Kyng of Fraunce, he held none Astate ne reule, but was left almoste Allone.

Also þis yeer þe weder-cokk was sett vpon Poules staple at London. And þis yeer, in þe moneth of Auguste, þe Kyng wex sike at Boys de Vincent. And when he saw he shold dye, he made his testament, and ordeyned many thinges nobley for his soul, And Devoutly receyved al þe rightes of holy churche, in so fer-forth, þat whan he was enoynted, he said þe seruice with þe preste; And at þe verse of þe psalme 'Miserere mei deus' þat was "Benigne fac dunc in bona voluntate tua, Syon, ut edificentur muri Ierusalem," he bad tarie þer, and said þus: "O good Lorde, þou knowest þat myne entent hath bene, & yet is, if I might lyve, to reedify þe walles of Ierusalem." & þen þe preest proceded forth, & made An end; & Anone aftre, þis moste noble prince & victoriouse kynge, flour in his tym of Cristen chiualrie, whom al þe world dovpted, gaf his soul in-to þe handes of God, & died, & made An end of his naturel lif, at þe said Bois de Vincent beside [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 182b] Parys, þe xxxvj yere of his Age: on whose soul, God haue mercy! Þan was þe body enbawmed & cered, & laid in A rial chare, & an ymage like unto him was leyd vpon þe corps, open, with diuerse baners & horse couered rychely with Armes of Englond & Fraunce, and also tholde Armes of seynt Edwardes, seynt Edmond, & oþer, And with gret multitude of torches; with whome went þe Kyng of Scotland, & many oþer lordes, which accompayned þe body til it come to Westmynster, bi London, in Englond. And in euery town by þe way he had solempny his Dirige on þe evyn, & masse on þe morne; & moche Almesse was giffen to þe pore peple bi þe way. And þe vijte day of Nouembre after, þe corps was brought to London with gret reuerence & solempnice, & had to Westmynster, wher he now lieth: it was

worshipfully buried; & after, was leyd on his tumbe A rial ymage like to him-self, of siluer & gylt, which was made at þe cost of Quene Katerine. And thus ended, & was enteired & buried, þe noble King Henry þe Fyft: on whose soul, God have mercy!

Of þe lawds of King Henry þe Fyft, & what he ordeyned for Kyng Richard & for him self after his deth. Capitulum CC xlvj.

HEre is to be noted þat þis King Henry þe Fyft, was A noble prince after he was King & crowned. how-be-it, tofore in his youth he had bene wilde & recheles, & spared nothing of his lustes & desires, but Accomplisshed þam after his lykyngs; but as sone as he was crowned, enoynted & sacred, Anon sodenly he was chaunged into a new man, & sett al his entent to lyve vertuously, in mayntenyng of holy church, destroyng of heretikes, keping Iustice, & defending of his Reame and subgectes. And for-as-myche as his fader had deposed by his labour þe gode King Richard, & pitousely made him to dye, & for þe offense done to hym Ayens his legeance, he had sent to Rome to be Assoiled þer-of, for which offense, our holy fader [the] Pope enioned hym to make him be prayed-for perpetuelly, &, like as he gert be taken from him his naturel lyfe, þerfor he shold do fynd iiij tapers to bren perpetuelly Aboute his body, þat, for þe extinccion of his bodely life, his soul may be remembred and lyve in heven in spirituel lufe; & also þat he [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 183a] sholde, euery weke, on þe day as it cometh About of his deth, have A solempn masse of Requiem on þe Eveyn, to-fore A dirige with ix lessons, and A dole to poure peple al-wey on þat day, of xjs viij^d, to be delyd penny mele. At ones in þe yere, at this Anniuersarie, his entierment to be holden in þe moste honest wise; & to be delyd þat day xx^ti in pens to poure peple; And to euery monk to haue xxs.: which al this thinges performed þis noble Kynge, for his

fader King Henry þe Fowrt, seth he performed it nat during his life, whom, as it is seyd, God towched, & was A lepre er he died.

Also þen þis noble prince lete do call al þabbottes & poures of Seynt Benett ordre in Englond, & had þame in þe chapiter house of Westmynster, for þe reformacion of þe ordre, wherin he had communicacion; And also with bisshoppes & men of þe spiritueltie, in so fer forth þat þei doubted sore þat he wold haue had þe Temperalties out of þer handes; wherfor, by þauis, labour, & procuring of þe spiritualtie, [þei] Encoragied þe King to chalenge Normandy & his right in Fraunce, to þend to sett hym A werk þer, þat he shold nat seke occasion to entre in-to such matere; And þerfor al his life after, he labored in þe Werres, in conquering gret part of þe Reame of Fraunce, þat bi þe Agrement of þe King Charles had all þe gouernaunce of þe Ream of Fraunce, And was proclamed Regent & heir of Fraunce. And so, nat-with-stonding al þis gret Werre þat he had, yett he remembred his soul, & also þat he was mortal, & must dye; for which he ordeyned by his life, þe place of his sepulture, wher he is now buried; & euery day iij masses perpetuelly to be songen in A fair chapel ouer his sepulture, of which þe middel masse, þe fyrst & þe last, shall be as is Assigned by him. As it Appereth by þise verse folowyng:—

Henrei misse quinti sunt hic tabulate, Que successiue sunt per monachos celebrate. [Die dominica.] Prima sit Assumpte de festo Virginis alme; Poscit Christus postremam de morte resurgens. [Feria ij^a.] Prima salutate in festo Virginis extat; Nunciat Angelicis laudem postrema choris, [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 183b] [Feria iij^a.] Esse Deum natum de Virgine, prima facetur, Commemorat natam, sic vltima missa Mariam. [Feria iiij^a.] Prima celebretur ad honorem neupmatis Almi; Vltima conceptam denunciat esse Mariam; [Feria v^{ta a}.] Semper prima coli debet de corpore Christi. Vltima sit facta de virgine purificata;

[Feria vj^ta.] Condecet ut prima celebretur de cruce sancta, Atque salutate fiet postrema Marie. Omnes alii sanctos est prima colenda supernos: [Sabbato] Vltima de Requie pro defuntis petit esse; Semper erit media de proprietate diei.

And yet þe Noble King Henry þe Fyft founded ij houses of Religion: one called Syon, beside Braynford of þe ordre of Seynt Brigitt, both of men & women; And of þat oþer side of þe ryver of Tamyse, an house of monkes of Chartrehouse: In which ij places he is continuelly prayed for, night & day; for euer, when they of Syon rest, þei of þe Chartrehouse done þe seruice; And in like wise, whan þe of þe Chartrehouse rest, þe oþer gon to. And bi þe ryngyng of þe belles of eyther place, ayther knowweth when þai haue ended þer seruice, which be nobly endowed, & done dayly þer great Almesse dedes; As in þe Charetrehouse certeyn childre be found to scole; & at Sion, certeyn Almesse gyven dayly.

And yet beside al this, he had founded A recluse, which shal be alway A preste, to pray for him, by þe said Chartrehouse, which preste is wel & sufficiently endowed for him & A seruaunt. Loo! here may al princes take ensample bi þis noble prince þat regned so lytel tyme, nat fully x yere, þat did so many noble Actes, as wel for his soul to be perpetuelly remembred & prayd fore, as in hys worldly conquestes. And he, beyng in his moste lusty Age, despised & eschewed synn, & was vertuouse, & A gret Iustyser, in so mych þat al þe princes of Cristendome, & also of hethenes, dradd him, & had determyned in þer self—if God wold haue spared him—þat he wold haue werred Ayenst þe Sarazenes. And for to know þe Ayed of other princes, & al þe passage in þat Iorney, he sent a knight of Henaude, named Ser Hugh Delanoy, vnto Ierusalem; but er he returned, he died at Boys du Vincent, in þe xxxvj^te yere of his Age, vn whose soul, God haue mercy! Amen!

[Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 184a] How King Henry þe Sixt regned, beyng A childe, nat one yere of age; And of þe batail of Vernoyl in Perche. Capitulum CC xlvij.

After King Henry þe Fyft, regned Henry þe Sixt his son, A childe, & nat fully A yere olde; whose regn began þe first day of Septembre, the yeer of our Lord God M^l iiij^c xxij. This King, beyng in his Cradel, was moche doubted & dradd, bicause of þe gret conquest of his fadre, & also of þe wisdom & guyding of his vncles, þe Duke of Bedford & þe Duke of Gloucestre. This yeer, þe xxj day of Octobre, died Charles, King of Fraunce, and was buried at seynt Dionise; And þan was þe Duke of Bedford made Regent of Fraunce, & þe Duke of Gloucestre was made protectour & defendour of Englond. And the first day of Marche after, was Ser William Taillour, preste, degraded of his prestede; and on þe morne after he was brent in Smythfeld for heresie. þis yere Sir James Styward, King of Scottes, maried Dame Iane þe Duches, Doughter of Clarence, of hir first housbond, þerle of Somersett, at seynt Mary Ouerays. Also þis yere, þe xvij day of August, was þe batail of Vernaill in Perche, bitwene þe Duke of Bedford, Regent of Fraunce & the Duke of Alanson; which was A gret bataill. þe Duke of Bedford had on his side with him þerle of Salesbury, Montagu, & þe Lorde Talbot, & al þe power þat þei couthe make in Normandie— þe garnisons kept,—And also many Capitaynes, with moche peple of þe Duke of Burgoyns. And on þat other side was þe Duke of Alaunson, þe Duke of Touron, þat was þerle Douglas, þerle of Boughan, with many lordes of Fraunce, & gret company of Scottes & Arminakes. And þan þerle Douglas called þe Duke of Bedford "Iohn with þe leden swerd." And he sent hym worde Ageyn þat he shuld fynd þat day þat hys swerd shold be off steel; And so þe batail Ioyned on both sides, & þei fought long, so þat þer wist no man who shold haue þe better A gret while; but at þe last, as God wold, þe victorie fil vnto þenglish partie, for þer was slayn þerle Douglas, which A litel before [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 184b] was made

Duke of Tounar, þerle of Bewghare, þerle of Almarre, þerle of Tounar, þerle of Vaundore, & þe Vycount of Nerbornne,—which was one of þame þat slew Duke Iohn of Burgoyn, knelyng tofore þe Dolphyn,—& many moo, to þe nombre of xM^l & mo. And þer was taken prisoner þe Duke of Alaunson, & many oþer lordes & gentiles of Fraunce; but Scottes þat day wer slayn down right the s[u]bstaunce of þame all.

In þe iij yere of King Henry þe vjte, þe Duke of Gloucestre maried þe Duches of Holand, & went ouer þe See with hir to Henaude, for to take possession of his wife enherytaunce; wher he was honorably taken & receyved for lorde of þat land. But sone after, he was fayn to returne home Ageyn, & left his wife, & his tresour þat he brought, with-in a town þat is called Mounse in Henaude, which promised for to be trew to him; nat-with-stonding, þei deliuered þe lady to þe Duke of Burgoyn, which sent hir to Gaunt; And fro þens she Ascaped in A mannes Aray, & come in to Zeland, to A town of his Awun called Zierixee. And fro þens she went to A town in Holand called þe Ghowde, & þer she was strong enough, & withstode þe said Duke of Burgoyn. And sone after, þe Duke of Gloucestre sent ouer vnto Zeland þe lorde Fitz-Water, with certeyn men of Werre & Archiers, for to help & socour þe fore-said Duchesse of Holand, which londed at a place in Seland called Brewers-haven, wher þe lordes of þe contre come down & fought with him; & in conclusion, he was fayn to withdraw him & his meyney to þe see Ageyn. But yett he slew and hurt diuerse lordes & moche peple of þat same contre, And so returned home Ageyn with his meyne, & preualed nothing.

Also þis same yere þerl of Salisbury, þerle of Suthfolk, the Lorde Willeby & Lorde Scalys, with þer retenu, leid seige to þe Cite of Mauns, which Cite was yholden to þem in short tym, with many oþer strong townes & castels, to þe nombre of xxxvj. Thys tyme al Normandy & A gret part of Fraunce vnto Orliaunce, was vnder thobeiansce of the King of Englond; And al þe remanent of Fraunce was in gret tribulacion & mischief.

[Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 185a] How þer was A gret Affray like to haue bene bituene the Cardinal & þe Duke of Gloucestre; And of þe Coronacion of King Henry þe vite, both in England & in Fraunce. Capitulum CClviij.

IN þe iiij^te yere, þe same night þat þe Mair of London, Iohn Coventre, had taken his charge, was A gret watche in London for Affray þat was bitwene þe Bisshop of Wynchestre & þe Duke of Gloucestre, Protectour &c'. ffor þe Mair, with þe peple of þe Cite, wold Abide by þe Duke of Gloucestre as Protector of þe Reame, but bi labour of lordes þat went bitwen, & in especial bi þe labour of þe Prince of Portyngale, þer was Apoyntment taken so þat þer was no harme done. And after þe batail of Verneil in Perche, þe Duke of Bedford come ouer into Englond; & on Witsonday þe same yere, at Leycestre, he dubbed King Henry knight; And forthwith þe said King Henry dubbed al thise knightes whose names folowes, þat is to say: Richard, Duke of York, Also þe sone & heir of þe Duke of Northfolk, þerle of Oxenforth, þerle of Westmerland, þe sone and heir of þerle of Northumbreland, þe sone & heir of þerle Wormond, þe lorde Rose, Sir Iames Botler, þe Lord Natrauas, Sir Henry Gray of Tankeruille, Sir William Nevile, Lorde Fawconbrigge, Sir George Nevyl, Lorde Latimer, Lord Welles, Lord Berkley, þe sone & heir of Lord Talbot, Sir Rauf Grey of Werk, Sir Robert Ver, Sir Richard Gray, Sir Edmond Hungerforde, Sir Robert Wynkford, Sir Iohn Botler, Sir Reynold Cobham, Sir Iohn Passheley, Sir Thomas Tunstal, Sir Iohn Chydiok, Sir Rauf Langeford, Sir William Drury, Sir William Ap-Thomas, Sir Richard Carbonel, Sir Richard Wydeuill, Sir Iohn Shirdelowe, Sir Nichol Blonket, Sir Rauf Ratclyff, Sir Edmond Trafford, Sir William Cheyne, Sir William Babyngton, Sir Iohn Iune, & Sir Gillebert Beauchampe. þan in þe vte yere þe Duke of Bedford, with þe Duchesse his wife, went ouer þe see to Caleys, & A litel tofore went ouer Henry, Bisshop of Wynchestre. & on our Lady day Annunciacion, in our Lady churche at Caleys, þe Bisshop of Winchestre, when he had songen masse, [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 185b] was made

Cardinal; &, he knelyng tofore þe high Altere, þe Duke of Bedford sett þe hatt on his hede; & þer wer his bulles red, as wele of his charge As þe reioysing of his benefices spirituell & temperell.

And þis same yere was gret habondance of Rayn, þat þe substance of hey & of corne was destroyed, for it rayned almoste euery other day. þis same yere þe gode Erle of Salesbury, Sir Thomas Mountagu, leyd Seiege vnto Orlyaunce; at which segie he was slayn with A gvn þat come out [of] þe town. And sith forth þat he was slayn, English men neuer gat ne preuailed in Fraunce, bot euer after began to lefe, bi litel and lytel, til al was lost. Also þis same yere A Breton murthered A gode wedow without Al-gate, which wedow fond him for almesse; & he bare away al þat she had; And after þis he toke grith of holy church at Seynt Georges in Suthwerk, & þer toke þe crosse, & forswore þis land. And as he went, it happend þat he came bi þe place where he did þis cursed dede in þe subbarbis of London; & þe women of þe same parissh come out with stones and Canell dunge, & slew & made an ende of him, nat-withstonding þe constable & many other men beyng present to kepe him; for þer wer many women, & had no pite. Also [t]his same yere þe Duke of Northfolk, with many gentil men & yomen, toke his barge, þe viij day of Nouembre, at Seynt Mary Oueryes, for to haue go thrugh London Brigg; & thrugh misguydynge of þe barge, it ouer-threw on þe Pyles, & many men drowned; but þe Duke him-self, with ij or iij, lepe vpon the piles, and so wer saued with help of men þat wer Aboue þe brigge, which cast down Roopes, by which þei saved þam-self.

This same yere, on Seynt Leonarde day, King Henre, beyng vij yere old of Age, was crowned at Westmynster: at whose coranacion wer made xxxvj knightes. þis yere, on Seynt George day, he passed ouer þe see to Caleys, toward Fraunce. Aboute þis tyme & Afore, þe Reame beyng in gret [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 186a] misery & tribulacion, þe Dolphin, with his partie, began to make Werr, & gett certeyn

places, & make destres vpon Englissh men by þe mean of his Capytayns, þat is to wete, La Heer and Potonde, Sayntralles, and especial A maid, which they named "la Pucelle de Dieu." This maid rode like A man, & was A valyant Capitayn Among þame, & take vpon hir many gret enterpryses, in so myche þat þei had A byleve to haue recouered al þer losses by hir; nat-with-stonding, at þe last, after many gret feates, by þe help & prowesse of Sir Iohn Luxemburgh, which was A noble capitayn of þe Dukes of Burgoyn, & many English men, Pykerdes and Burgones, which wer of our partie, before þe town of Compyne, þe xxiij day of May, þe forsaid Pucell was taken in þe felde, Armed like A man, & many oþer Capitaynes with hir, & wer al brought to Roan & þer she was put in prison, & þer she was Iuged by þe law to be brent. And þen she said þat she was with childe, wherby she was respited A while; but in conclusion it was found þat she was not with child, & þen she was brent in Roane, & þe other Capitaynes wer put to raunson, & entreted as men of werre bene Acustomed &c.

This same yere, About Candelmesse, Richard Hunder, A wollepacker, was dampned for an heritike, & brent at Tour-Hill. And About midlente, Sir Thomas Baggely, preest, & vicar of Mauen in Est-sexe, beside Walden, was disgraded & dampned for an herytike, & brent in Smythfeld. Also þis same yere, whiles þe King was in Fraunce, þer wer many heretikes & lollardes, þat had purposed to haue made A rysing; & þei casten billes in many placeȝ but,—blessed be God almighty!—þer Capitayn was takyn, which was called William Maundeuil, A wever of Abyndon, & also bayly of þe same town, which named him-self 'Iack Sharp of Wigmoreslandd in Walis'; & after-ward he was beheded at Abendon in þe Wittsone weke, on þe Twesday.

This same yere, þe vjte day of Decembre, [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 186b] Kyng Henry þe Sext was crowned King of Fraunce at Paris, in þe chirch of our Lady, with gret solempnite, þer beyng present þe Cardinal of Englond, þe Duke of Bedford & many oþer lordes of Englond & of Fraunce. And after þis coronacion, a gret fest holden at Paris,

the King returned from thens to Roan, & so toward Caleys. And þe ix day of Feueryer, he landed at Dover, whom al þe comones of Kent met at Beramdon, bitwen Canterbury & Dover, al in rede hoodes; & so come forth til he come to þe Blak-Hethe, wher he was mett with þe Mayre of London, Iohn Wellis, with al þe craftes of London clad al in white; & so þei brought him to London þe xxj day of þe same moneth. This same yere was A restreynt of þe wolles of Caleys made by þe soudiours, by cause þei were nat payed of þer waagies; wherfor þe Duke of Bedforth, Regent of Fraunce, beyng þan Capytain, come to Caleys þe Twesday in þe Ester weke; And on þe morne after, many sowdioures of þe town wer Arested & put in warde. And in þe same weke he rode to Terewyne; & bi þe mean of Bisshop of Terewyn, he wedded þerles doughter of Seynt Poul, & came ageyn to Caleys. And þe x day of Iune, on Seynt Barnabe day, þer wer four soudioures of Caleys þat wer chief Causers of þe restreynt, beheded, þat is to say: Iohn Maddesley, Iohn Lunday, Thomas Palmer, & Thomas Talbot, & C & x bannisshed þe town þat same tyme: & before wer bannisshed C xx soudioures. And on Mydsommer evyn after, come þe Lorde Regent & his wife to London.

Of þe heresie of Praghe, & of [þe] Counsel of Aras. &c. Capitulum CC xlix.

Aboute þis tyme Pope Martyn died; & After him, Eugeny þe Fourt was Pope, þat was pesably chosen in Rome by þe Cardinalles, and was very & vndoubted Pope; but shortly after, he was put out & expulsed fro Rome, in suche wise þat he was fayn to flee naked. In þis same tyme was þe Counsel of Basile, to which Counsel he was cited [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 187a] to come; And because he come nat, they deposed hym; but he forsed nat, ner sett þerby, but gat þe Cite of Rome, & Abode Pope stil xvij yere.

This yere, About Witsontide, þe heretikes of Praghe wer destroied; for at two Iourneys wer destroyed of þame mo þan

xxij M^l, with þer Capitayns, þat is to say, Procapius, Saplico, & Lupus presbiter. Also þer was taken on lyve, maister Piers, clerk, an Englisshman & heretike. Also þis same yere was A gret frost & A strong, during xj wekes; for it began on seynt Katerines evyn, & lasted vnto Seynt Scolastica Day in Februare: In which tyme þe vyntage þat come fro Burdeux come over Shotters Hill.

This yere was þe counsel of Aras, & A gret treaty bitwen þe King of Englond & þe King of Fraunce, wher was Assembled many gret lordes of bothe parties: At which counsel was offred to þe Kyng of Englond, many gret thinges by þe meane of A legate þat come fro Rome, which was Cardinal of Seynt Crosse, which offres wer refused by þe Cardinal of Englond, & other lordes þat wer þer for þe Kinge. Wherfore þe Duke of Burgoyn, which had bene long English sworne, forsoke oure partie, & retourned Frensh, by meane of þe said legate, & made A pees with þe Frensh kyng, receyving of þe King, for recompense of his fader deth, the counte Pontien, þe lordeshipp of Macon, with mych other þat was specified in þe said treety; And so our Embassatoures come home Ayen in wers case þan þei went forth, ffor þei lost þer þe Duke of Burgoyn, which had bene, with his Burgoynons & Pycardes, A singler help in al þe Conquest of Normandy & of Fraunce.

This same yere was A gret batail on þe See, bitwen þe Ienewenseȝ & þe King of Aragon; of which batail þe Ianeuenses had þe victori, for þei toke þe Kinge of Aragon, þe King of Naverne, & þe gret Maister of Seynt Iames in Galise, with iijC knightes & squyers & moche other peple: & this was of seynt Dominices day.

This same yeer wer seen thre [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 187b] Sonnes [soles] at ones, & Anone folowed þe threfolde gouernance in þe chirch, þat is to wete, of Eugeny þe Pope, of the Counsel, & of þe nevtralitie. Also þis same yere M^l iiij^C xxxiiij, was A passing gret wynd, by which steples, houses & trees wer ouerthrowen. About þis tyme was an holy maid in Holand, called Lydwith, which lyued onely bi miracle, not etynge any mete. This yere þe Duke of Burgoyn began his

ordre at Lyle of 'þe golden Flyes' & ordeyned certeyn knightes of þe ordre, & made statutes & ordinances moche Acordinge vnto þe ordre of þe Garter. Also þis same yere þe Frenshe men had enterprised to have stolen Caleys in þe fysshing tyme, for many botes of Fraunce held saufe conduyt to come to Caleys for to take hering; And þe Sowdioures of þe town had A custome to come to chirch, & leve þer staves stonding at þe chirch dore, which staves þe Frenshemen, which wer Araied like fissheres, had purposed to haue taken so þere wepon, & wynn þe town. But one of þame lay with A comon woman þe night to-fore, & he tolde to hir þare counsel; And she on þe morne told þe lieutenaunte, which forth-with commaunded þat euery man shold kepe his wepen in his hand, sacryng tyme and other. And when þei Aperceyved þis, þat þei wer myspoynted, they sayled streght to Depe, & stale & toke þat town. And on Newyeres even after, þei toke Harflete; And thus Englishe men began to losse A litel and litell in Normandy.

How Caleys and Guyhenes wer beseged by þe duke of Bergoyn, & how þei wer rescued by þe duke of Gloucester. Capitulum CCl^mo.

This yere was A gret noyse thrugh all Englond, how þe Duke of Burgoyn wolde come & besegie Caleys. Wherfore þerle of Mortayn, with his Army þat he had for to haue gone with in-to Fraunce, was contermaunded, & charged þat he shold go to Caleys, which was at þat tyme wel vitailed & manned; ffor Sir Iohn Ratcliff was lieutenaunt of þe King in þat town, And þe Baron of Dudlay, lieutenant of þe Castel. And þe ix day of Iuyll, þe Duke of Burgoyn, [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 188a] with al þe power of Flaundres & moche other peple, come before Caleys, & sett his siege About þe town; & euery town of Flaundres had þer tenttes bi þame self. And þis Siege endured thre wekes. In þe mean while þe Duke of Gloucestre, beyng Protector of England, toke þe moste parte of þe lordes of Englond, & went ouer þe See to Caleys, for to rescu þe town, or for to feght

with þe Duke & his hoste, if they wold haue bidden. This tyme, London & euery gode towun of Englond sent ouer þe See to þis rescuse certeyn peple wel Arayed, of þe best & chose men for þe Werre. And þe ij day of August, the said Duke of Gloucestre Arriued at Caleys with al his Army & vC shippes & moo. And þe Duke of Burgoyn & al his ooste þat lay in þe Siegie, As sone as þei espyed þe Sayles in þe See, before þei Approched Caleys haven, sodenly in A mornyng departed fro þe Siege, levyng behind þame moche stuffe & vitailes, & fled in-to Flaundres & Pycardy. And in likewise did þe Siege þat lay tofore Guynes, wher-as they of Guynes toke þe gret gonnes of brasse called Gedcon, & many other gret gonnes & serpentines. And þen when þe Duke of Gloucestre was Arryved with all his oost, he went into Flaundres, & was þerin xi dayes, & did but litel harme; except þat he brent ij fair villagies, Popering & Belle, & oþer houses þat wer of no strenght, & so he returned home Ageyn. Also þis same yere þe King of Scotland beseged Rokesburgh with myche peple; but Sir Rauf Gray departed fro þe Castell, & ordeyned for rescouse; but as sone as þe Kyng vnderstode his departyng, he sodenly brak his siege & went his way, levyng moche ordynnance behinde him; wher he gat no worsshipe.

This same yeer, þe ij Day of Ianiuer, Quene Katerine, þat was þe Kinges moder, & wife to Kyng Henry þe Fyft, dyed, & departed out of þis world, & was brought rially thrughe London to Westmynster; & þer she lyeth worsshipfully buryed in oure Lady Chapel. Also þis same yere, þe xiiij day of Ianiver, fill down þe yate with þe towr on it, on London Brigg [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 188b] towarde Southwerk, with two Arches, & al þat stode þeron. This same yere was A gret treaty holden bitweene Grauenyng & Caleys, bitwen þe King & Duke of Burgoyn, In which was þe Cardinal of Englond & þe Duke of Northfolk, for þe King, with many othir lordes. And for þe Duke, was þe Duchesse, having ful power of hir lorde as

Regent & lady of his landis, wher was taken, by trewes of both parties, An Abstinence of Werre for A certeyn tyme in þe name of þe Duchesse, & nat of þe Duke, because he had gone from his othe & legeance þat he had made to King Henry; þerfor King Henre neuer wold write, ne Apoynt, ne haue to do with him after, but al in þe Duchesse name.

Also þis same yere, Quene Iane died, þe ij day of Iuyl, which had ben King Henry þe iiij^te wife; & was caried fro Carmondsey vnto Caunterbury, wher she lieth buried by King Henry þe iiij^te, hir houseband. This same yere died al þe lions in þe Toure of London, which had nat ben seen many yeeris before out of mynde.

How Owayne, a squyer of Wales þat had wedded Quene Kateryne, was Arested; And of þe Scisme bitwene Eugeny & Felix. Capitulum cclj.

IN þe xvj yere of King Henry, died Sigismond, þemperoure of Almaign, & Knight of þe Garter; whos entierment þe Kyng kept at Seynt Poules in London ryally, wher was made a ryall hercie; and þe King in his Astate, clad in blew, was at even at dirige. & on þe morne at masse, &c. And after hym was elect & chosen Albert, Duke of Ostrych, which had wedded Sigismondes doughter, forto be Emperour; & also was Albert taken & receyved to be Kinge of Beme & of Hungarie bi reson of his wyfe; for he left after him none other heir. þis Albert was Emperour bot one yere, for he was poysond, & died þerof. Some say he dyed of A flixx: but he was A vertuouse man & A piteful, so moche þat al þe peple þat knew him said þat þe world was nat worthy to haue his presence.

This same yere, one Owayn, A squyer of Waleȝ, A man of low byrth, which had many A day to-fore secretly wedded Quene Katerine, & had by hir iij sonnes & a doughter, was taken & commaunded to Newgate, to prison, bi þe lorde of Glowcestre, Protectour of þe Reame. And þe same yere he brake prison by þe mean of A preest þat was his Chapelayn. And after, he was [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 189a] taken ageyn bi þe Lorde Bemond, & brought Ageyn to Newgate, which afterward was delyuered at large; & one of his sonnes afterward was made Erle of Richemount, Another, Erle of Penbroke, & þe third, A monk of Westmynster, which monk died sone after. This same yere also, on New-yere day, at Baynard Castell, fill down A stakk of wod sodenly at afternone, & slew iij men mescieuously, & foul hurt othir. Also at Bedford, on Ashtwesday, wer iij men murthred without strok, by falling doun of a steir, as þei come out of þer comon hall, & many foul hurt. In þe xviij yere, Sir Richard Beauchamp, þe gode Erle of Warwick, died at Rone, he beyng þat tyme lieutenaunt of þe King in Normandie; and fro þens his body was brought to Warthewick, where he lieth worsshipfully in a new chapel on þe South side of þe Queer. Also þis yere was A gret derth of Corne in al Englond; for I busshel of whet was worth iijs iiijd in many places of Englond, & yet men might nat haue ynoghe; wherfore Stephen Brown, þat tyme Mair of London, sent vnto Pruse, & brought to London certeyn shippes laden with Rye, which eased, & did myche gode to þe peple; for korne was so skarce in Englond þat in some placez pore peple made þame brede of braken ferne rotes.

This yere þe general Counsel of Basile deposed Pope Eugeny; & þei chese Felix, which was Duke of Sauoy; & þan began þe Scisme which endured vnto þe yere of oure Lord Ihesu Crist M^l iiij^C xlviij. This Felix was A devout prince, & saw þe sonnes of his sonnes, & after, lyued An holy & deuoute lyfe, & was chosen Pope

by þe Counsel of Basile. Eugeny [was] deposed; & so þe Scisme was long tyme. And þis Felix had no moche obedience, bi-cause of þe Nevtralite for þe moste parte; & wel nygh al Cristendome obeid & repute Eugeny for verey Pope:—God knoweth who was þe verey Poper of þame both; for both occupied, during þe lyfe of Eugeny. This same yere, Sir Richard, which was vicare of Hermetesworth, was degraded of his prestehode at Poules, & brent at Tour [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 189b] Hill, as for an heretike, vpon Seynt Botulphe day; how-be-it, at his deth he died A gode Cristen man; wherfor, after his deth moche peple come to þe place wher he was brent, & offred, & made an hepe of stones, & sett vp A crosse of tree, & held him for A Seynt, til þe Mair & shereves, by þe commaundment of þe Kyng & of bisshopes, destroyed it, & made þer A dong-hill. Also þis same yere þe shyreves of London sett out of Seynt Martyns þe Grannt, þe sanctuarey, fyve persones, which afterward wer restored Ageyn to þe same sanctuarye by þe Kinges Iusticez. After Albert þe iij, Frederike was chosen Emperoure. This Frederike, Duke of Osterike, was long Emperoure, & differred for to be crowned at Rome because of þe Scisme; but after þat vnion was had, he was crowned with Emperial Diademe, with gret glorie & trivmphe, of Pope Nicholas þe Fourt: this was A man peseble, & of singular pacience, nat hatyng þe chirch: he wedded þe King of Portyngale doughter &c'.

How þe Duchesse of Gloucestre was Arested for treson, & committed to perpetuel prison in þe Ile of Mann; And of þe deth of Maister Roger Bolingbroke. Ca. cclij.

IN this yere, Elianour Cobbam, Duches of Gloucestre, was Arested for certeyn poyntes of treyson leyd Ageynst hir, wher-vpon she was examyned in Seynt Stephens Chapel at Westmynster, before þerchebisshop of Caunterbury; & þer she was enioyned to open penaunce, forto go thrugh Chepe, bering a tapere in hir hand, & aftir in perpetuel prison in þe Ile of Man, vnder þe keping of Sir Thomas Stanley. Also þat same tyme wer Arested Maister Thomas Southwell, A chanon of Westmynster, Maister Iohn Hune,

A chappeleyn of þe said ladys, Maister Roger Bolynbroke, A clerk vsyng Nygromancie, & one Mariery Iurdeman, called 'þe wyche of Eye' beside Westmynster. Thise wer Arested as for beyng of counsel with þe sayd [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 190a] Duchesse of Gloucestre. And as for Maister Thomas Southwel, he died in þe Towr þe night before he shold have benne regned on þe morow; for so he said him self þat he shold die in his bedd, & nat bi Iustice. And in þe xx yere, Maister Iohn Hune & Maister Roger Bolyngbroke wer brought to þe Guyldhalle in London, & þer, before þe Mayr, þe lordes & chief Iustice of Englond, wer þei rayned, & dampned both to be drawen, hanged & quartred; but Maister Iohn Hune had his chartre, & was pardoned by þe King; but Maister Roger was drawen to Tiborne, wher he confessed þat he died gyltles, & neuer had trespassed in þat þat he died fore; nat-withstanding he was hanged, heded, & quartred; And Margery Iurdemain was brent in Smythfelde. Also þis yere was A gret Affray in Flet Strete by night tyme, bitwen men of court & men of London, & diuerse men slayn, & many hurt: & one Herbotel was chief cause of þe misgouernance & Affray. Also þis yere, at chesing of þe Mair of London, þe commones named Robert Chapton, & Raulyne Holand, taylor. & þe Aldermenn toke Robbert Clapton, & brought him at þe right hond of þe Mair, as þe custome is. And þan certeyn talyoures & other hand-crafty men cried "nay! nat þat man, but Raulyn Holand!" Wherfor þe Mair, þat was Padesly, sent þo þat cried so to Newgate, where they Abode a gret while, & wer wel ponysshed.

In this same yere wer diuerse Embassatoures sent in to Guyan for A mariage for þe King for þerles doughter of Arminak, which was concluded; but, by þe mean of þerle of Suthfolk, it was lett & put Aparte. And after þis, þe said Erle of Southfolk went ouer þe See vnto Fraunce, & þer he treted þe mariage bitwen þe King

of Englond & þe Kinges doughter of Cecil & of Ierusalem. & þe next yere it was concluded fully, þis mariage; by which mariage þe Kyng shold delyuer to hir fader þe Duchie of Angeo & þerldome of Mayn, which was þe key of Normandy. Then departed þe Duke of Suthfolk, with his wife & diuerse lordes & knightes, in þe moste rial astate [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 190b] þat might be, out of Englond, with new charez & palfreys, which went thrugh Chepe, & so went ouer þe See, & receyved hir, & sith brought hir in Lent after to Hampton, wher she landed, & was ryally receyved. And on Candelmes evyn before, bi A gret tempest of thondre & lightenyng at afternone, Poules steple was sett A fire on þe middes of the shafte in þe tymbre, which was qwenched bi force of labour, & specially bi þe labour of þe morow masse preste of þe Bow in Chepe, which was thought inpossible, saufe only bi þe grace of God.

This yere was þerle of Stafford made & create Duke of Bokynham; þerle of Warewik, Duke of Warwike; þerle of Dorsett, Marques of Dorsett; & þerle of Suthfolk was made Marquys of Southfolk.

How King Henry þe Sext wedded Quene Margaret; And of hir Coronacion. Capitulum CCl[i]ij.

IN this yere Kyng Henry maried at Southwyke Quene Margaret; & she come to London [þe] xviij day of May; And bi þe way al þe lordes of Englond receyved hir worsshipfully in diuerse places, & in especial þe Duke of Gloucestre. And on þe Blakhethe, þe Mair of London, Aldermen, & al þe crafte-men in blew gowunnes browdred with þe deuyse of his craft, þat þei might be biknowen, mett with hir, with rede hoodes, & brought hir to London, where were diuerse pagentis & conntinance of diuerse histories shewed in diuerse placez of þe Cite Rially, & castelles. And þer xxx day of May þe forsaid Quene was crowned at Westmynster; and þer was Iustes iij dayes during, with-in þe sayntuarie tofore þabbey. This yere þe Prior of Kilmain Appelled

þerle of Vrmond of treson, which had A day Assigned to þame forto feght in Smythfeld. And þe listes wer made, & þe feeld dressed; but when it came to poynt, þe King commaunded þat þei shold nat fight, but toke þe quarel in-to his own hond. & þis was done at þe Instance & laboure of certeyn prechiours & doctoures of London, as Maister Gilbert Worthington, parson of [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 191a] Seynt Andrews in Holborn, & other. Also þis same yere come A gret Enbassate into Englond out of Fraunce, forto haue concluded A perpetuel pees; but in conclusion it turned vnto A trewes of A yere. About þis tyme dyed Seynt Bernardyne, A gray frere which began þe new reformacion of þat ordre in many places, In so myche þat þei þat wer reformed bene called 'Obseruantes,' which Obseruauntes bene encrecid gretly in Italie & in Almaigne. This Bernardin was canonized bi Pope Nicholas þe Fyft In þe yere M^lCCCCl. Iohannes de Capestrauo was his disciple, whiche profited moche to þe reformacion of þat ordre; for whome God shewed many a fair miracle. Also here is to be noted, þat fro þis tyme forward, King Henry neuer profited ne Went forward; but Fortune began to turn fro him on al sides, als wel in Fraunce, Normandy, Guyan, as in Englond. Some men hold opinion þat King Henry gaf commission plenerly to Sir Edward Hulle, Sir Robert Roos, Dean of Seynt Seuerynes, & oþer, to conclude A mariage for him with þerle of Arminakes suster, which was promysed (as it was seid) & concluded; but afterward it was broken, & he wedded Quene Margarete, as A-fore is seid; which was A dere mariage for þe reame of Englond; ffor it is knowen verely þat, for to haue hir, was delyuered þe Duchie of Angeo & þe Erldome of Maign, which was þe key of Normandie, for þe Frensh men tentre. And Aboue þis, þe said Marquys of Southfolk axed in playn parlement A fyftenth & an half for to feche hir out of Fraunce. Se now what A mariage was þis, as to þe comparison of þat oþer mariage of Armynyke! for þer shold haue ben delyuered so many castels & townes in Gwyhen; And so moche gode shold haue bene yiffen with hir, þat al Englond shold haue bene enryched þer-by, but contrary-wise fell. Wherfor

euery gret [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 191b] prince ought to kepe his promisses; for, bicause of breking of þis promisse, & for mariage of Quene Margaret, what losse hath þe reame of Englond had, bi losyng of Normandy and Guyan, bi diuison of þe reame, þe rebelling of commines Ageynst þer princes & lordes; what diuison Ayen þe lordes, what murdre & sleying of þame! what feldes foughten & made! in conclusion, so many, that many a man hath lost his life; And in conclusion, þe King deposed, & þe Quene with hir son fayn to flee into Scotland, & fro þens to Fraunce, & so to Lorayn, þe place wher she come first fro! Many men deme þat þe breking of þe Kinges promisse to þe suster of þerles of Armynak, was cause of this gret losse & Aduersite.

How þe gode Duke of Gloucestre, Humfrey, þe Kinges vncle, was Arested at þe parlement of Bury; And of his death; And how Anges in Mayn was deliuered.

In þe xxv^te yere of King Henry þe VI^te, was A parlement at Bvry called seynt Edmundes Bury; About which was commaunded all þe communes of þe cont[r]e to be þer in þer most defensable Aray, to A-wayt vpon þe King, to which parlement come þe Duke of Gloucestre, Humfrey, þe Kinges vncle, which had bene þe protector of Englond al þe non-Age of þe King. And Anone after þat he was come to his logyng, he was Arested bi þe Viscount Bemond, þe Constable of Englond, acompanyed with þe Duke of Bokyngham & many oþer lordes, and forth with al his seruandes wer commaunded for to depart fro him; And xxxij of þe chief of them wer arested also, & sent to diuerse prisones. And anone, after þe said Arest, þe said Duke was on þe morn found dede: on whos soul, God haue mercy, Amen! But how he died, & in what maner, þe certentie is nat knowen to me. Some said he died for sorow; some said he was murthred bitwene ij

federbeddes; other said þat an hote spytt was put in his foundement; & so, how [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 192a] he died, God knoweth, to whome is no thing hidd. And when he was thus dede, he was leid open, þat al men might se him, And so both lordes & knightes of þe shires, with burgessers, come & saw him ded; but þai coud nat perceif wound ne token how he died. here may men mark what þis world is! this Duke was A noble man & A gret clerk, & had worsshippfully rewled þis reame to þe Kinges behove, & neuer coude be found faute in him, but envy of þame þat wer gouernoures, & had promised þe Duchis of Anges & þerldome of Maign, caused þe destruccion of þis noble man; for thei drad him, þat he wold haue enpesshed þat deliuerance. And after, þei sent his body to seynt Albones with certeyn lightes for to be buried; And so Sir Geruase of Clifton had þan þe charge to convey þe corps; & so it was buried at Seynt Albons in þe Abbey; & v persones of his houshold wer sent to London, & þer wer reyned & juged to be drawen, honged & quartred; Of wome þe names wer Sir Roger Chammbrelayn, knight, one Midelton, A squyere, Herbard, A squyer, Arthur, A squyer, & Richard Nedham: which v persons wer drawen fro þe Toure of London thrugh Chepe to Tiburn, & þer honged, & lat down quyck, & þen striped for to have bene heded & quartred. And þan þe Marquys of Southfolk shewed þer for þame þe Kinges pardon vnder his gret Seale; & so þei wer pardoned of þe remanent of thexecucion, & had þer lyues, & after war brought agen yn to London, & frely deliuered. this began þe trouble in þe reame of Englond for þe deth of þis noble Duke of Gloucestre; & al þe communes of þe reame began forto murmure for it, & were nat contente.

After þat Pope Eugeny was dede, Nicholas þe Fyft was elect Pope. This Nycholas was chosen for Eugeny, yet honggyng þe

Scisme. natwithstondying he gat þe obedience of al Cristen Reames; for after þat he was electe & sacred [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 192b] Pope, certayn lordes of Fraunce & of England wer sent vnto Sauoy, to Pope Felix, for to entrete him to cese of þe Pepecy. And bi þe special labour of þe Bisshop of Norwich & þe lorde of Seynt Iohnes, he cessed þe ijde yere after þat Pope Nicholas was sacred. And þe seid Felix was made Legate of Fraunce & Cardinal of Sauoye, & resigned þe hole papacy to Nicholas; after, lyved an holy lyfe, & died an holy man; And as it is said, Almighty God shewed miracles for him. This was þe xxiij Scisme bitwen Eugeny & Felix, & dured xvi yere. þe cause was þis: The general Counsel of Basil deposed Eugeny, which was only Pope & vndoubted, for-as-myche as he obserued nat & kept þe decrees & statutes of þe Counceyl of Constance, as it is A-fore said; nethir he rought not to gyve obedience to þat general Counsell in no maner wise; wher-of Arose A gret Altercacion emong Writeres of þis mateer, pro & contra, which kan nat Accorde vno þis day. one partie seith þat 'þe Counsel is Aboue þe Pope,' þat oþer partie seith "nay, but þe Pope is Aboue þe Counsel." Godd, blessed Aboue all thinges, gif & graunt his pees in holy chirche, spouse of Criste, Amen! This Nicholas was commen of Iene, of low burth; A doctour of dyvynite, an Actif man, he reedyfied many places þat wer broken & ruynouse, & did do make A gret wall About þe Palays, & made þe wall new About Rome, for drede of þe Turkes. And þe peple wonndred of þe eresing & resignyng of Felix to him, considering þat he was A man of so humble burth; And þat othir was of Affinite to al þe moste parte of Cristen princes; wherof þer was A verse publisshed in Rome, þus: hic fulsit mundo; cessit Felix Nicholas.

How Sir Fraunceys Aragonoys toke Fogiers in Normandy; & of þe losse of Constantinoble by the Turks. Ca. ccliiij.

In þe xxvij yere of King Henry þe vj^te, beyng trewes bitwen England & Fraunce, A knight of þe Englissh partie named Sir Fraunceys Aragonys, toke A town of Normandy, called Fogiere, Ayens þe trewes; of which takyng began moche sorow & losse, for þis was þe occasion bi which þe Frenshmen gat al Normandy &c. About þis tyme þe Cite of Constantinoble, which was Imperiall [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 193a] Cite in al Grece, was taken bi þe Turkes infideles, which was betrayed (as some hold Opinion), & þemp[er]or taken & slayn, & þat ryal chirch of Sancta Sophia robbed & despoyled, & þe reliques & ymages & þe Rode drawen Aboute þe strete; which was done in despite of Cristen feith. And sone after, al Cristen feith in Grece perisshed & cessed. Ther wer many Cristen men slayn, & innumerable solde & put in Captiuite. by þe takyng of þis towne, þe Turkey gretly enhaunsed in pride; & it is A gret losse vnto all Cristendome. In þe xxviij yere was A parlement holden at Westmynster, & fro þens Adiourned to þe Blakfreres of London, And after Cristenmasse, to Westmynster Ageyn. And þis same yere, Robert of Cane, A man of þe West contre, with A few shippes, toke a gret flote of shippes comyng out of þe baye, laden with salt,— which shippes wer of Prays, Flaundres, Holand & Zeland,—& brought þame to Hampton. Wherfor þe merchantes of England beyng in Flaundres, wer Arested in Bruges, Ippre, & oþer places, & might nat be deliuered, ner þer dettes dischargied, til þei hadd made A poyntment for to pay for thamendes & hurtes of tho shippes; which was payed bi þe merchandes of þe staple, euery penny. And in like wise, þe merchaunteȝ & godeȝ beyng in Danske wer also Arested, & made gret Amendes. This same yere the Frenshmen in A mornyng toke, bi A trayn, þe town of Ponteralargee, & þer-in þe Lorde Faucounbrigge was taken prisoner. And after þat, in Decembre, Roan was taken & lost, beyng þer-in þe Duke of Somersett, Edmund, þerle of Shrewsbury, whiche bi A-poyntment left Pleges, & left al

Normandye, & come home. And during þe said parlement þe Duke of Suthfolke was Arested & sent to þe Towre; & þer he was A moneth. And after, þe King did do feche him out, for which cause all þe commones of England wer in A gret rumor, what for deliueraunce of Anges & Maign, & after, losing of al Normandie, And in especial for þe deth of þe gode Duke of Gloucestre; In so myche þat, in some placeȝ, men gadred togedre, & made þame capitaynes—as Blew-Berde & oþer, which wer resisted, taken, & had Iustice, & died. And þen þe said Parlement was adiourned to Leycestre; and thidder þe King brought with him þe Duke of Southfolk. & when [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 193b] þe Comon house vnderstode þat he was oute of þe Toure, & come thider, þei desired to haue execucion on þem þat wer cause of þe delyuerance of Normandy, & had bene cause of þe deth of þe Duke of Gloucestre, & had sold Gascoygn & Guyhan, of which þei named to-be gylty, þe Duke of Southfolk as chief, þe Lord Say, þe Bisshop of Salesbury, Danyel, & many moo. And for to Apease þe comons, þe Duke of Southfolk was exiled out of Englond v yere; & so, during þe Parlement, he went in to Northfolk, & þer toke shipping forto go out of þe Reame of Englond vnto Fraunce. And þis yere, as he sayled on þe See, A shipp of Werre called Nicholas of þe Tour mett with þis shippe, & founde him þer-in; whome þei toke out, & brought hym into þere shipp tofore þe Maister & Capitayns; & þer he was examined, & at last Iuged to þe deth. And so þei put him in A Cabone, & his chapeleyn for to shryve him; And þat done, þei brought him in to Dover Rood, & þer sett him in-to þe boot, & þere smote of his hede, & brought þe body Alonde, vpon þe sondes, & sett þe hede þer-by. And þis was done þe fyft day of Maye. loo! whatt Availed him now, al his deliuerance of Normandy &c. And here yhe may leer how he was rewarded for þe deth of þe Duke of Gloucestre. This began sorow vpon sorew, & deth for deth.

How this yere was thensurrexion in Kent of þe communes, of whome Iake Cade, On Irishman, was Capitayn. Ca. cclv.

This yere of our Lorde M^l cccc l, was þe gret grace of þe Iubilee at Rome; wher was gret pardon, in-so-mych þat, frome al placeȝ in Cristendome, gret multitude of peple resorted thider.

Þis yeere was A gret Assemblee & gadering togedre of þe comons of Kent in gret nombre, & made an Insurrexion, & rebelled Ageynst þe Kyng & his lawes, & ordeynd þame A capitayn called Iohn Cayd, An Irish man, which named him self Mortymer, Cosyn to þe Duke of Yorke. And þis Capitayn held thise men togedre, & made ordinanceȝ Among þame, & brought þame to Blak-Heth, where he made A bill of peticiones to þe King & his Counsel, & shewed what iniuries & oppressions þe Poer comons suffred; & al vnder colour forto come to his Abone; & he had A gret multitude of peple. And þe xvij day of Iuyn, þe King, many lordes, [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 194a] Capitaynes & men of Werre, went toward him to þe Blakk-heeth. And when þe Capitayne of Kent vnderstode þe commyng of þe King with so gret puysaunce, he with-drew him with his peple to Seuenoke, A litel village. And þe xxviij day of Iun, he beyng with-drawen & gone, þe King come, with his Armee sett in ordre & enbatailed, to þe Blak-Heth, And, by Aduise of his Counsel, sent Sir Vmfrey Stafford, knight, & William Stafford, squyer, two valiaunt Captanes, with certeyn peple, to feght with þe Capytane, & to take & bryng him & his Accessaries to þe King, which went to Seuenoke; & þer þe Capytane with his felisshepe mett with hem, & fought Ayenst þame, & in conclusion slew þame bothe, & as many as Abode & wold nat yheld þame ner flee. Duryng þis sharmysh fill A grete variaunce Amonges þe lordes men, & þe comon peple beyng on Blak-Heth Ayens þe lordes & Capitayns, sayng playnly þat þei wold go to þe Capitayn of Kent, to Assist and help him, but if þei might haue execucion of þe traytoures beyng About þe King, to which þe King said nay; And þei said playnly þat þe Lorde Say, Tresourer of England, the Bisshope of Salesbury, þe Baron of Dudley, þabbot of Gloucestre, Danyel, & Trevillian, & many mo, wer traytoures, & worthy to be dede.

herfore, forto please þe lordes menys & also some of þe Kinges house, þe Lorde Say was Arested & sent to þe Toure of London. And þan þe King, hering tydynges of þe deth & ouerthrowing of þe Staffordes, with-drew him to London, & fro thens to Kyllingworth; ffor þe King ne þe lordes durst nat trust þer own household meney &c. Then, after þat þe Capytan had þis victory vpon þise Staffordes, Anone he toke Sir Humfrey Salett, & his brigantines smytten ful of gylted nayles, & also his gilted sporres, & Araied him like A lorde & a Capitayn, [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 194b] & resorted with al his meyney, & also mo þan he had tofore, to þe Blak-Heth. Ageyn to whome come þerchebisshope of Caunterbury & þe Duke of Bokyngham to þe Blak-Heth, and spake with him; &, as it was said, þei found him witty in his talkynge & request; & so they departed. And þe third day of Iuyl he come & entred into London with al his peple, & did make A cry þer in þe Kinges name & in his name, þat no man shold robb ne take no mannes gode bot if he payd for it; & come ridyng thrugh þe Cite in gret pride, & smote his swerde vpon London stone in Canwykstrete. And he, beyng in þe Cite, sent to þe Towre forto haue þe Lord Saye; & so þei sett him & brought him to þe Guyld-Hall before þe Mayre & þe Aldremen, wher he was examined. And þe lorde sayd þat he wolde & ought to bene Iuged by his peres. And þe communes of Kent toke him by force fro þe Mair & officers þat kept him, & toke him to A prest to shryve him. & er he might be half shryven, þei brought him to þe Standard in Chepe, & þer smote of his hede: & thus died þe Lorde Say, Tresourer of Englond. After þis, þei sett his hede on A spere, & bare it Aboute in þe Citee. And þe same day, Aboute þe Mylle-Ende, Crowmer was beheded. And þe day before, at afternone, þe Capytan, with certeyn of his meyney, went to Philipp Malpas house, & robbed him, & toke Away moche gode. And fro thense he went to Seynt Margret Patyns, to one Cherstis hous, & robbed him, & toke A way moche gode. Also, At which robbyng diuerse men of London of þer neghburse wer at it, & toke part with him. For þis robbyng þe

peples hertes fill fro him, & euery thryfty man was A-forde forto be serued in like wise. for þer was many A man, in London þat Abbayted and wold fayn haue seen A comon robbery, which Almighty God for-bidd! for it is to suppose þat, if he had nat robbed, he might haue gone ferre er he had be with-stonde; ffor þe King & al the [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 195a] lordes of þe Reame of Englond wer departed, except the Lorde Scaleȝ þat kept þe Toure of London. And þe fyft day of Iuyl he gert smyte of A mannes hede in Southwerk. And þe night after, þe Mair of London, þe Aldermen & þe communes of þe Cite, concluded to dryve Away þe Capytane & his hoste, and sent to þe Lorde Scales in þe Toure, & to Mathew Gogh, & Capitayn of Normandie, þat þei wold þat night Assail þe Capitayn with þem of Kent. & so þey did, & come to London Brigge, in to Southwerk, er þe Capitan had any knowleage þer-of; & þer þei fought with þem þat kept þe brigge. & þe Kentissh men went to harnoys, & come to þe brigge, & shott & fought with þame, & gat þe brigge, & made þame of Londone to flee, & slew many of þame, & þis endured al þe night, to & fro, til ix of þe clokk on þe morne. & at last þei brent þe drawbrigge, wher many of þame of London wer drowned. In which night, Sutton, an Alderman, was slayn; Roger Hesant, & Mathew Gogh, & many oþer. And, after this, þe Chaunceler of Englond sent to þe Capytane A general pardone for him, & Another for all his meyney. And þan þei departed fro Southwerk, euery man home to his hous. And when þei wer al departed & gone, þer wer proclamacions made in Kent, Southsea, & in oþer places, þat what man coude take þe Capytane, quyk or ded, shold have A ml mark. And after þis, one Alexander Iden, A squyer of Kent, toke him in A gardyn in Southsex; & in þe takyng þe Capytane, Iohn Cade was slayn, & after beheded, & his hede sett on London Brigge. And þan Anone after, þe King come in-to Kent, & did his Iustices sitt at Canterbury, & enquire who wer Accessaries & chief cause of þis Insurreccion. And þer wer viij men Iuged to dethe in one day, & in othir places, mo. And fro þens þe King went vnto Sucessex, & so in-to þe West

contre, where A litel before was slayn þe Bisshop of Salisbury. And þis yere so many wer Iuged to deth, þat xxiij hedes stode [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 195b] vpon London Brigge at ones.

Of þe felde þat þe Duke of York toke at Brenthethe in Kent; And of þe birth of Prince Edwarde; And of þe first batail of Seynt Albones, wher þe Duke of Somersett was slayn. Ca. cclvi.

In þe xxx yere of King Henry þe vi^te, þe Duke of York came out of þe Marche of Walys, with þerle of Devonshire & Lorde Cobbam, & gret puysannce, for reformacion of certayn Iniuries & wronges, & also to haue Iustice of certeyn lordes beyng About þe King; and toke A felde at Brentheth beside Derthford in Kent, which was A strong feld. For which cause þe King, with al þe lordes of the land, went vnto Blakheth with A gret & A strong multitude of peple, armed & ordeyned for þe werr in þe best wise. And when þei had musteried on þe Blakheth, certeyn lordes wer sent to him for to trete & make A-poyntment with him, which wer, þe Bisshope of Ely & þe Bisshop of Wynchestre, & þe Erles of Salesbury & of Warrewick. And þei concluded þat þe Duke of Somersett shold be had to warde, & to Aunswer to such Articles as þe Duke of York sholde put on him; and þan þe Duke of York shold brek his felde, & come to þe King, which was promised bi þe Kynge. And so þe King commaunded þat þe Duke of Somersett shold be had in warde; & þen þe Duke of York breke vp his felde, & come to þe King. And when he was commen, contrary to þe promisses tofore made, þe Duke of Somersett was present in þe felde, Awayting & chief about þe King, & made þe Duke of York ride tofore as A prisoner thrugh London; & after þei wold haue put him in holde. But A noyse Aroose þat þerl of Marche, his son, was commyng with x m^l men to London-ward, wher-of þe Kyng & his counsel fered. And þan they concluded þat þe Duke of York sholde departe at his will.

About þis tyme began gret diuision in Spriusse bitwene þe gret Maister & þe knightes of þe Duche ordre, which wer lordes of þat Contre; ffor þe communes & townes rebelled [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 196a] Ageynst þe lordes, & made so gret werre þat, at þe last, þei called þe King of Pole to be þer lorde; which King come, & was worsshipfully receyved, & laid siege to þe castel of Marienburgh (which was þe chief Castel & strenght of al þe land), & wan it, & drove out þe Maister of Dansk & al othir places of þat land. And so þei þat had bene lordes many yeres, lost al þere seygnorie & possessions in þo landes.

And in þe yere of þencarnacion of our Lord M^l iiijc liij, vpon Seynt Edwardes day, Quene Margaret was delyuered of A fair prince, which was named Edwarde. þat same day Iohn Norman was chosen for to be Mair of London, And on þe day þat he shold take his othe at Westmynstre, he went thider by water with al þe craftes, wher Afore-tyme þe Mair, Aldremen, & al þe craftes rode on horse back: which was neuer vsed afore, but seth þat tyme þei haue gone euer bi water, in barges.

Yhe haue wel vnderstond before, how þat, contrary to the promise of þe King, & also þe conclusions taken bitween þe King & þe Duke of York at Brentheth, þe Duke of Somersett went nat to warde, but Abode about þe King, & had gret rewl. And Anone aftir, he was made Capytayn of Caleys, & rewled þe King & his reame as he wold. Wherfor þe gret lordes of þe Reame, & also þe communes, wer nat pleased, for which cause þe Duke of Yorke, þerles of Warrewick & of Salesbury, with many knyghtes & squyers & moche peple, come for to remeve þe said Duke of Somersett & othir fro þe Kyng. And þe King, hering of þer commyng, thought by his counsel forto haue gone Westward, & nat for to mete with þame: and he had with him þe Duke of Somersett, þe Duke of Bokyngham, þerle of Stafford, þerle of Northumbreland, Lorde Clifford, & many oþer. And what tyme þat þe Duke of York & his felisship vnderstode þat þe King was departed with þise said lordes fro London, Anone he chaunged þe way, & costed þe Contre, & come to Seynt Albons [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 196b] þe xxiij day of May, & mett with þe Kyng, to whome the Kyng sent certayn lordes, & desired him to kepe þe peax, & departed, but in

conclusion, whiles þei treted on þat one side, þerle of Warwik, with þe Marchemen & with othir, entred þe town on þat other side, & fought Ayenst þe King & his partie: & so began þe batail & feghtyng, which endured A gode while, but in conclusion þe Duke of York apteyned & had þe victorie of þat Iorney; In which was slayn þe Duke of Somersett, þerle of Northumbreland & þe Lorde Clifford, with many knightez & squyers, & many hurt. And on þe morne after þei brought þe Kinge in gret Astate to London, and he was looged in þe Bisshop paleys of London. And sone After was A gret parlement; In which parlement þe Duke of York was made Protector of Englond, & þerl of Warwick Capytane of Caleys, & þerle of Salesbury Chaunceler of Englond. And al suche persones as had the rewl tofore About þe King, wer sett Aparte, & might nat reul as þei did Afore.

In this same yeer died Pope Nicholas þe Fyft; & after him was Calixt þe Third. This Calist was A Catalane, & an olde man when he was chosen, & continuelly seek; wherfore he might nat performe his zele & desire þat he had conceyved Agenst þe Turke. & þe cause of lettyng þirof was his Age & sekeness. This Calixte instituted & ordeyned þe Feste of þe Transffiguracion of our Lorde to be halowed on Seynt Sixt day in August, bicause of þe gret victory þat þei of Hungary had Ayenst þe Turkes þat same day he was chosen Pope, in þe yeer of our Lord Ml iiijc lv, and died þe yere M^l iiij^c lviij, þat same day þat he ordeyned þe Fest of þe Transfiguracion to be halowed.

In þis same yere fill A gret Affray in London Ayenst þe Lumbardes. The cause began for A yong man toke A dagger fro A Lumbard, & brake it; wherfor þe yong man on þe morne was sent fore to come tofore þe Mair & Aldermen, & þer, for þe offense, he was commytted to warde. And [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 197a] then þe Mair departed fro þe Guyldhall for to go home to his dyner, but in þe Chepe þe yong men of þe mercerie, for þe moste parte Apprentises, held þe Mair & Shyreves stil in Chepe, & wold nat suffre him to departe vnto þe tyme þat þare felow, which was commytted to warde, wer delyuered; & so by force þei rescued þer felowe fro prisone, & þat done, þe Mair & Shyreves departed, & the prisoner was delyuered, which, if he had be put to prisone, had be in Iubardie of his lyfe.

And þan began A Rumor in þe Cite Ayenst þe Lumbardes, And þe same evenyng þe handcrafty peple of þe town Arose, & come to the Lumbardes houses, & dispoyled & robbed diuerse of þame; wherfore þe Mair & Aldremen come with þe honest peple of þe town, & drofe þame thens, & sent some of thame þat had stollen, to Newgate. And þe yong man þat was rescued bi his felowes saw þis gret Rumor, Affray & robbery, folowed of his first mevyng to þe Lumbard; he departed & went to Westmynster to sanctuary, or els it had cost him his lyfe, ffor Anone After some down An oþer determyne for to do Iustice on al þame þat so rebelled in þe Cite Ayens þe Lumbardes, vpon which satt with þe Mayr þat tyme William Marow, þe Duke of Bokyngham, & many oþer lordes, for to se execucion done, bot þe comons of þe Cite secretely made þame redy, & did Arme þame in þer houses, & wer in purpose forto haue rongen þe comon bell which is named Bow Bell; but þei wer lett bi sad men, which come to þe knowlege of þe Duke of Bokyngham & othir lordes. & forthwith þei Arose, for þei durst ne lenger Abide, for þei doubted þat þe hole Cite shold haue risen Ayenst þeme, but yett neuer-þe-lesse, ij or iij of þe Cite were Iuged to deth for þis robbery, & wer honged at Tiburn.

Anone After, þe King, þe Quene, & othir lordes, rode to Covente, & with-drew þame fro London for this cause And a litell [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 197b] to-fore, þe Duke of Yorke was sent fore to Grenewiche, & þer was dischargied of þe protectorshipp, & þerle of Salesbury of þe Chauncelershippe. And after þis þei wer sent for by privey seal forto come to Covente, where þei wer almoste deceyved, & þerle of Warwick also, And shold haue bene destroyed if þei had nat seen wele too.

How Lord Egremond was take by þerle of Salesbury sonnes. And of þe robbyng of Sandwyche. ca^m. cclvij.

This yere wer taken iiij gret ffisshes bitwen Greth & London: one was called 'mors marine,' þe secund, A 'swerd fyssh,' & þe other tweyn wer whalles. In þis same yere for certeyn, þer was An Affray in þe North contre bitwene Lorde Egremond & þerle of Salesbury sonnes; & when thay had taken him, was had to

London, & þer condempned in a gret somme of money to þe said Erle of Salesbury, & þerfor committed to prison in Newgate, in London, wher, whan he had be A certayn space, he brak þe prison, & iij prisoners with him, & ascaped & went his way.

Also þis yere þerle of Warrewikk & his wife went to Caleys with A fayr ffelaushipp, & toke possession of his office. About þis tyme was A gret reformacion of many monasteris of Religion, in diuerse parties of þe worlde, which wer reformed after þe first Institucion, & continued in many Places. Also About þis tyme þe craft of enprinteng was fyrst found in Magvnce in Almaign, which craft is multiplied thrugh þe world in many places, & bokes ben had gret chepe & in gret nommbre, bicause of þe same craft.

This same yere was A gret batail in þe marches bitwen Hungary & Turkey, at A place called Septedrade, where innumerable Turkes wer slayn, more by miracle þan bi mannes hond, ffor onely þe hondes of God smote þeme. Seynt Iohn of Capestrane was þer present, & prouoked þe Cristen peple, beyng þen Aferde after to pursew þe Turkes, wher ane Infinite multitude wer slayn & destroyed. Þe Turkes said þat A gret nombre of Armed men folowed þame, þat þei wer Aferde to turn Ageyn: [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 198a] they wer holy Aungels.

This same yere þe prisoners of Newgate in London brake þer prisone, & kept þe gate A long while; but at þe last þe town gett þe prison one them, & þen þei wer put in feteris & Irons, & were sore punisshed, in example of other. In this yere also was A gret erthquake in Naples, in-so-moche þat þer perisshed xl M^l peple þat sanke þer into þerth. Item, in þe yeer xxxvj, Seynt Osmunde, somtyme Bisshope of Salesbury, was Canonized at Rome bi Pope Calixt; & þe xvj day of Iuil he was translated at Salesbury bi þerchebisshope of Caunterbury & many other bisshopes. And in August after, Sir Piers de Breisey seneschal of Normandy, with þe Capytane of Depe & many oþer Capitaynes & men of Werre, went to þe See with A gret Navy, & come to Downes by night; & on þe morne erly, before day, þei londed & come to Sandwych, both bi land & water, & toke the town, & ryfled & dispoyled it, &

toke many prisoners, & left þe town al naked,—which was A rich town & mych gode þer-in,—& had with þame many ryche prisoners. In this same yere, in many places of Fraunce, Almaign, Flaundres, Holand & Ze[land, men, women &] children gadred þame by gret Companyes forto go on pilgremage to Seynt Micheles Mount in Normandy, which come fro fer contrees; wherof þe peple mervailed; & many supposed þat some wicked spirite meved þame so to doo; but it endured nat long, by cause of þe long way, & also for lak of vitail as þei went.

In this yere Reynold Pecok, Bisshop of Chichester, was founden an heretike, & þe iij day of Decembre was Abiured at Lambeth, in þe presence of þerchebisshop of Caunterbury & many bisshoppes & doctoures & lordes temperel; & his bokes brent at Paules crosse.

Yhe haue herd tofore how certayn lordes wer slayn at Seynt Alboyns, wherfor was euermore A grutche & wrath had, by þe [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 198b] heires of þame þat wer so slayn; Ayenst þe Duke of Yorke, þerles of Warwick & of Salesbury. Wherfor þe Kyng, by þavise of his Councel, sent for thame to London: to which place þe Duke of York came, þe xxvj day of Ianyuer, with iiij^c men, & logied at Bernardes Castel in his own place, And þe xv day of Ianiuer come þerle of Salesbury with vc men, & was logged in therber, his own place. And þen come þe Duke of Excetre & of Somersett, with viijc men, & lay without Temple Barr. & þerl of Northumbreland, Lord Clifford & Lord Egremond, with xv^c men, & loged without þe town. And þe Mayr þat tyme, Ieffray Boleyn, kept gret watche, with þe comons of þe Cite, & rode About þe Cite by Holborn & Flete Strete with a v M^l men wel Armed & Araied for to kepe þe pees, And þe xiiij day of Feuerer, þerle of Warwick come to London fro Caleys, wel beseen & worsshypfully, with vjc men in rede Iaquettes, browdred with A ragged staff behynd & Afore; & he was logged at þe Gray Freres, And þe xvij day of Marche þe King come to London & þe Quene; & þer was A concorde & pees made Among those lordes, & þei wer sett in pees. And vpon our Lady Day, þe xv day of Marche þer of our Lorde M^l iiij^c lviij, þe King, Quene, & al þise lordes went in procession at Poules in London. And Anone after, þe King & þe lordes departed. In þis yere was A gret Affray in Flet Strete bitwen men of Court & men of þe same stret: In which Affray þe Quenes Attorney was slayn.

How þe Kinges howshold mad Affray Ayenst þerle of Warrewikk; & of þe Iourney at Blorehethe. Cap. cclviij.

Also þis same yeer, als þerle of Warwykk was at A Counceill in Westmynster, al þe Kinges houshold meyney gadred þame to-gedre for to have slayn þe said Erle; bot, bi help of God & of his frendes, he recouered his barge, & escaped þare evyl enterprise, how wel þe Coques come renyng out with spyttes & pestelles Ayenst him. And þe same Day he rode to-ward Warrewik; And sone After he gate him A commission, & went ouer þe see to Caleys. Sone after þis þerle of Salesbury commyng to London, was encountred at Bloreheth [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 199a] with Lorde Awdeley, and moche oþer peple ordeyned forto haue destressed him; bot he, having knawlege þat he shold be mett, was Accompanied with his ij sonnes, Sir Thomas & Sir Iohn Nevill, & A gret felawshipp of gode men. & so þei mett & fought to-gedre; wher þerle of Salesbury wan þe feld; And þe Lorde Awdley was slayn, & many gentilmen of Chesshire, & moche peple hurt; And therles ij sonnes wer hurt; & goyng homeward afterward, þei wer taken, & had to Chestre bi þe Quenes meyney.

After, Calixt Pius was Pope, & was chosen þis yere M^l iiij^c lvii. / And he was called before, 'Eneas'; An Eloquent man & A poete laureat; he was embassatoure of þemperor Afore tyme, & he wrote in þe Councel of Basile A noble tretise for þe Auctorite of þe same; Also he Canonized Seynt Katerine of Senys. This Pope ordeyned gret Indulgences & pardon to þem þat wold go Werre Ayenst þe Turke, & wrote An Epistle to þe gret Turke, exorting him to be-come Cristen. & in þe ende he ordeynd A passage Ayenst þe Turks at Ancone, to which moche peple drew, out of al parties of Cristendome; of which peple he sent many home Ayene, be-cause þei suffised nat. And Anone after, he dyed at þe said Ankone, yere of our Lord M^l iiij^c lxiiij, xiiij day of Auguste.

How Andrew Trollop & þe Soudioure of Caleys forsoke þe Duke of Yorke, & þer Maister þerl of Warrewik, in the West contre. Cap. cclix.

The Duke of York, þerles of Warwik & of Salesbury, saw þat þe gouernance of þe Reame stode moste by þe Quene & hir Counsell, & how þe gret princes of þe lond wer nat called to Counceil bot sett A-parte; & nat onely so, but þat it was seid

thrugh þe reame þat the said lordes shold be destroyed vtterly, as it openly was shewed att Bloreheth bi þame þat wold haue slayn þerl of Salesbury, þan þei, for saluacion of þer lyves, & also for þe comon wele of þe reame, thought forto remedie thise thinges, Assembled þame to-gedre with moche peple, & toke A feld [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 199b] in þe West contre; to which þerle of Warwik come fro Caleys, with many of þe olde soudioures, as Andrew Trollop & other. In whose wisdome, as for þe werre, he mych trusted. And when þei wer thus Assembled, & made þer feld, þe King sent out his commissions & privey seales vnto al þe lordes of his realme, to come & Awayt on him in þer moste defensable wise. And so euery man come, in suche wise þat þe King was stronger, & had moche more peple þan þe Duke of York & þerles of Warrewik & of Salesbury. For it is here to be noted þat euery lord in Englond at þis tyme durst nat disobey þe Quene, for she rewled pesibly al þat was done About þe Kyng, which was A gode, simple, & Innocent man, And þan when þe King was commen to þe place wher al þei were; þe Duke of York & his felasship had made þer felde in þe stronggest wise, & had proposed verely to abyden & have foughten; bot in þe night Andrew Trollop & al tholde soudioures of Caleys, with A gret felasship, sodenly departed out of þe Dukes oost & went strayt vnto þe Kinges feld, wher þei wer receyved joyously, for þei knew þe entent of þe othir lordes, & Also þe maner of þer felde. And þen þe Duke of York, with þe oþer lordes, seyng þame so descevyd, toke A councel shortly þat same night, & departed fro þe felde, levyng behynde þame þe moste parte of þer peple to kepe þe feld til on þe morne. Then þe Duke of York, with his second son, departed thrugh Walez toward Ireland, levyng his eldest son þerl of Marche, with þerles of Warwyck & of Salisbury, which to-gedre with iij or iiij persones, rode strait vnto Devenshyre, & þar, bi help & Ayd of one Denham, A squyer, which gat for them A shipp which cost xccxx nobles, & with þe same shipp sayled fro þens in to Garnesey, & þer refresshed þame, & fro þens sayled to Caleys, wher þei wer receyved in-to þe Castel bi þe postern, er þei of þe town knew of it; & þe Duke of York toke ship in Wales, & sayled ouer in-to Ireland, wher he was wel receyved.

[Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 200a] How therles of Marche, Warrewik & Salesbury, entred into Caleys; & how þerle of Warwik went in to Ireland. ca. cclix.

Then King Henry, beyng with his oost in þe felde, nat knowing of þis sodeyn departing, on þe morne fond none in þe felde of þe said lordes, sent forth in al haste men to folow & persue after, to tak þame; but þei mett nat with hem, as God wolde. Then þe King went to Ludlow, & despoiled the Castel & þe town, & sent þe Duches of York, with hir childer, to þe Lady of Bokingham, hir suster, where she was kepte long aftir. & forthwith þe King ordeynd þe Duke of Somersett Capitayn of Caleys; & thise othir lordes so departed as Afore is said, wer proclamyd rebelles & gret traytoures. Then the Duke of Somerset toke to him al þe sowdioures þat departed fro þe felde, & made him redy in al haste to go to Caleys, & take possession of his office. And when he come, he founde þerl of Warwick þerin as Captayn, & þerles of Marche & Salisbury also; & þan he londed by Scales, & went to Guysnes, & þer he was receyved. And it fortuned þat some of þe shippes þat come ouer with him come in-to Caleys haven bi þer fre will, for þe shipmen ought more favour to þerl of Warwik þan to þe Duke of Somerset. In which shippes wer taken diuerse men, as Ieuyn Fynkhill, Iohn Felaw, Kaylles & Parser, which wer beheded sone after in Caleys. And after þis, dayly come men ouer þe See to þise lordes to Caleys, & began to wex strenger, And þei borowed moche gode of þe Staple. And on þat othir side þe Duke of Somersett, beyng in Guysnes, gat peple to him, which come out & scarmusshed with þame of Caleys, & þei with þame; which endured many dayes; and moche peple dayly come ouer þe see to these lordes. Then on A tyme, by thavyse of councel, þe lordes at Caleis sent ouer Maister Denham, with A gret felawship, to Sandwych, & toke þe town, & þer-in þe Lorde Ryvers, & þe Lorde Scales his son, & toke many shippes in þe haven, & broght þam al to Caleys; with which shippes, [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 200b] many mariners of þer fre will come to Caleys to serue þerle of Warrewik.

And after þis, þerle of Warwik, bi þavise of þe lordes, toke al

his shippes, & manned þam wel, & sayled his self into Ireland fro to speke with þe Duke of York, & to take his Advice how þei shold entre in-to England ageyn. And when he had ben þer, & done his erandes, he returned toward Caleys, & brought with him his moder, þe Countesse of Salesbury. Tho was commyng in þe west contre, vpon þe See, þe Duke of Excestre, Admiral of Englond, beyng in þe Grace of Dieu, Accompanied with many shippes of werre; which mett with þe flete of þerl of Warwik; but þei fought nat, for þe substance of þe peple beyng with þe Duke of Excestre ought better will & more fauor to þerle þan to him; & þei daparted & come to Caleys in saufte, blissed be God! Then þe Kinges councel, seyng þat these lordes had goten these shippes fro Sandwiche, & taken Lorde Ryvers & his son, ordeyned A Garnyson as Sandwich, to Abide & kepe þe town, & made one Mountforte, Capytan of þe town, & warned þat no man, ne vitail, ne merchant þat shold go vnto Flaundres, shold nat go vnto Caleys. Then þei of Caleys seyng þis made out Maister Denhame & many oþer, to go to Sandwich. & so þei did, & Assayled þe town by water & by lond, & gat it, & brought Mountforte þer Capitayn ouer þe See to Risebanke, & þer smote of his hede; & yet dayly men come ouer to þame fro al parties of Englond.

How þerles of Marche, of Warwik & of Salesbury entred in to England. And of Northampton felde wher diuerse lordes wer slayn. Cap^m. cclxj.

After þis þe said Erles of Marche, of Warwik & of Salisbury come ouer to Dover with moche peple, & landed þer; to whome al þe contrey drew, & come to London Armed; & for to lat þe lordes of þe Kinges Counceil know þer entent & thought, þei assembled þame, & told þame þat þei entended no harme vnto the Kinges person, sauf þat þei wold put fro him such persones as wer About him, & so departed fro London with A gret puysaunce toward Northampton, wher þe King was, Accompayned with many lordes, & had made A strong felde with-out þe town. & [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 201a] there bothe parties mett, & was foughten A gret batail, In which wer

slayn þe Duke of Bokynham, þerl of Shrewesbury, Vicount Beamont, Lorde Egremond, & many knyghtes & squyers, & other Also; And þe King his self taken in þe feld, & afterward brought to London. And Anone After was A parlement at Westmynster, During which parlement þe Duke of York come out of Ireland, with þerle of Rutland rydyng with A gret ffelasship in-to þe paleys at Westmynster, & toke þe Kinges paleys, & come in-to þe parlement chamber, & þer toke þe Kinges place, & clamed þe Crown as his propre enheritance & right, & kast forth in writing his title, & also how he was rightful heyr; wherfor was moche to doo; but in conclusion it was Apoynted & concluded þat Kyng Henry shold regne & be King during his Naturel lyfe, for-as-myche as he had be so long King, & was possessed; & after his deth þe Duke of York shold be King, & his heires after him; & forthwith he shold be proclamed heyr Apparent, & shold also be Protectour of Englond during þe Kinges lyfe, with many oþer thinges ordeyned in þe same parlement. And if King Henry during his life went fro þis Apoyntment, or any Article concluded in þe said parlement, he shold be deposed, & þe Duke shold take þe Crown & be Kyng: Al thise thinges wer enacted bi þe Auctorite of þe said parlement. At which parlement þe commones of þe reame being Assembled in þe common house, comonyng & treting vpon þe title of þe said Duke of York, sodenly fill doun þe crown which hang þan in myddes of þe said hous, which is the ffraytor of þe Abbey of Westmynster, which was take for A prodige or token þat þe reign of King Henry was ended. And also þe Crown which stode on þe highest toure of þe steple in þe Castel of Dover, fil down þis same yere.

How þe Duke of York was slayn; And of Wakefelde felde, & of þe ijte jorney at Seynt Albones bi þe Quene & Prince. ca. cclxij.

Then, for-as-moche as þe Quene with þe prince was in þe North, & Absented hir fro the King, & wold nat obey such thinges as was concluded in [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 201b] þe parlement, Itt was ordeyned þat þe Duke of York, as Protector, shold go Northward for to bring in þe Quene, & subdew such as wold nat obey; with whome went þerl of

Salesbury, Sir Thomas Nevile his son with myche peple. And at Wakefeld, in Cristmasse weke, þei wer al ouerthrowen & slayn bi þe lordes of þe Quene partye, þat is to say, þe Duke of York was slayn, þerl of Rutland, Sir Thomas Nevil, & many mo. þerl of Salesbury was / taken Alyve, & other, as Iohn Harow of London, Capitayn of þe foot-men, & Hanson of Hull, which wer brought to Pountfret, & after þer beheded, & þer hedes sent to York, & þer sett vpon þe yates, &c.

And þis tyme, þerl of Marche beyng in Shrewesbury, hering þe deth of his fadre, desired Assistence & Ayd of þe town for tavenge his fadres deth; & fro þense went to Walys, wher, at Candelmasse after, he had A batail at Mortimess Crosse Ayenst þerles of Penbrok & of Wilshire, where þerl of March had victorie. Than þe Quene, with lordes of þe north, After þei had destressed & slayn þe Duke of York & his felowsship, come southward with A gret multitude of peple & A gret puissance of peple, for to come to þe King, to defeet such conclusions as had bene taken before bi þe parlement. Ageynst whos commyng, þe Duke of Northfolk, þerle of Warewick, with moche peple & ordinaunce, went vnto Seynt Albones, & lad King Henry with þame; & þer encountred to-gedre in suche wise, & fought, þat þe Duke of Northfolk & þerl of Warewick, with other of þat partie, fledd & lost þat felde; wher King Henry was takyn, & went with þe Quene, & Prince his son, which tho had goten þat felde. Than þe Quene & hir partie, beyng at þer Above, sent Anone to London, which was on Asshwodenesday, þe fyft day of Lent, for vitail, which þe Mayr ordeynd, bi chanes of þe Aldremen, þat certayn cartes laden with vitail shold be sent to Seynt Albones to þame. And when þo Cartes come to Crepilgate, þe commones of þe Cite þat kept þat gate, [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 202a] toke þe vitailles fro þe Carters, & wold not suffre it to passe. Then wer þer certeyn Aldermen & comoners Apoynted to go to Barnett forto speke with þe Quenes Counsel for treatie, þat þe Northeryn men shold be sent home vnto þer contre Ageyn; ffor þe Cite of London dred fore to be robbed & dispoyled if þei shold come. And thus, during þis tretye, tydinges come þat þerle of Warrewick mett with þerle of Marche on Cotteswold, comyng fro Walys with a gret meyney of Walesshmen, & þat þei both wer commyng to London ward.

Anone as thise tydinges wer knowen, þe treaty was broken; for þe King, Quene, Prince, & al þe othir lordes þat wer with þame, departed fro Seynt Albones northward, with al þer peple yet of þei departed fro þens. Þei beheded þe Lorde Bonevil & Sir Thomas Kyriel, which wer taken in þe Iourney done on Shroft-Tuesday. Then þe Duches of York beyng at London, & hering of þe losse of þe felde at Seynt Albones, sent ouer þe See hir ij yong sonnes, George & Richard, which went to Vtrecht; & Philip Malpas, a riche merchant of London, Thomas Vaghan, Squyer, & William Hatteclif, & many oþer, fering of þe commyng of þe Quene to London, toke a-shipp of Andwarpe for to haue gone in-to Zeland; And on þat other coste wer taken of one colompne of Frenshmen, A shipp of Werre; & he toke þame prisoners, & brought þame in-to France, wher þei payd gret godes for þer raunson; & þer was myche gode & rychesse in þat shippe.

Of þe deposicion of Kyng Henry þe vj^te; And how King Edward þe Fourt toke possession; And of þe batail of Palme Sonday; and how he was crowned. Cap. cclxiij.

Than when þerle of Marche & þerl of Warwick had mett togedre on Cotteswold, In-continent they concluded to go to London, & sent worde Anone [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 202b] to þe Mair & to þe Cite þat þei shold come. Anone þe Cite was glad of þer commyng, hoping to be releued bi thame. And when þei wer commyn to London, & had spoken with þe lordes & Astates þat wer ther, þe concluded, for-as-mych as King Henry was gone with þame Northward, þat he had forfeted his Crown, & ought forto be deposed, According to þe Actes made and passed in þe last parlement. And so, by thavice of þe lordes spirituel & temperel þen beyng At London, þerle of Marche, Edward, bi þe grace of God þe oldest son of Richard, Duke of Yorke, As rightful heir & next enheritour to his fadre, þe iiij^te day of Marche, þe yere of oure Lorde god M^l cccclix, toke possession of þe Reame of England at Westmynster in þe gret hall, & after, in þabbey church; & offred as King, bering þe Sceptre ryal, to whome al þe lordes, both spirituel & temperel, did homage & obeisaunce, to þer souereyn liege & lawful lord & Kyng; & forthwith it was proclamed thrugh þe Cite, Kinge Edwarde, þe Fourt of þat name. And Anone after, þe King rode in his royall Astate Northward, with al his lordes, to subdue his subgettes þat

tyme beyng in þe North, & tavenge his fadre deth, And vpon Palme Sonday after, he had A gret batail in þe north contre at A place called Towton, nat ferre fro Yorke, where, bi þe help of God, he gat þe felde & had þe victorie; & þer wer slayn of his Aduersaries xxx^ml men & moo, As it was said by men þat wer þer. In which batail was slayn þerl of Northumbreland, þe Lorde Clifford, Sir Iohn Nevil, þerle of Westmerlandes broþer, Andrew Trowlopp, & many oþer knightes & squyers.

Then King Henry, þat had be King, beyng with þe Qvene & Prynce at York, hering þe losse of þat felde, & so moch peple slayn & ouerthrowen, Anone forthwith departed al thre, with þe Duke of Somersett, þe lorde Ross & other, toward Scotland. And þe next day King Edward, with al his Army, entred into York, & was þer proclamed King, & obeyed as he ought to be; And þe Mair & þe Aldremen come in, & swore to be his liege men. And whan he had taried A while in þe Northe, [Addit. MS., Brit. Mus. 10,099 203a] & þat al þat contre was turned to him, he retorned Southwarde, levyng þerle of Warrewyck in þoo parties, for to kepe & gouerne þat contre. And About Midsommer after, þe yere of our Lord God M^l iiij^c lx, & þe first yere of his regne, he was crowned at Westmynster, & ennoynted King of Englond, having þe hole possession of al þe hole reame; whome I beseche God to preserue, & send him þe Accomplisshment of þe remanent of his rightful enheritance beyonde þe see, so þat he may regn in þame to þe pleyasor of Almighty God, helth of his soul, honor & worsship in þis present life, & wel & profet of al his subgettes, And þat þer may be A verry final pees in al Cristen reames, þat þe Infidelis & miscreantes may be withstanden & destroied, & our feith enhaunced, which in thise dayes in sore mynnshed by þe puissaunce of þe Turkes & hethen men; And þat after þis present & short life we may come to þe euer-lastyng life. Amen!

Explicit.

[H]

EXTRACTS FROM HARLEIAN MS. 53.

I.

[The Foundation of Battle Abbey by William the Conqueror.]

[Harleian MS. 53 76a] When William Bastard had conquert all Englond, and was crownet kyng, and had receyvet his homages and stablisshet his pees, he passet ouer see ageyn in-to Normaundy. And att Ester next folowynge he come ageyn in-to Englond, and landit at Dover, and brought with hym Maude his wif, and many faire ladies and gentillwemen with hir, and from thens so to London, with gret nobley. and on the Wittesonday after folowyng, she was crownet be the Archbisshope of Euerwik at Westemynster, with gret solempnyte and wurshipe. And þe Kyng William, by counsail of his baronry, ordeynt how his Reame shuld be gouernet for the wele of the land. And he bethought hym howe he had causet gret shedynge of bloode wrongfully; wherfore he foundet an Abbay in the same place where-as the batail was, & made for to clepe it þe Abbay of Bataile; and he gave there-to gret lordshippes, londes and rentes, for to pay for al the sawles that were slayn ther for his love.

¶ And after the discomfiture of the batail, ich wurthy knyght of Normaundy that was there, laft a scochon of his armes, with his name peyntet, in a place of the batail clepit Southope, which was clepit 'the peyntit chamber,' in remembraunce of their honour and wurshipe for euer; and there thei stode so long, till þei fell doune to the erth, and many of hem were lost. And In that same tyme there was one Thomas Sayntlegerd, squyer, dwellynge with the Abbot of Batail, and sawe þe gret myschef and perill that myght aftirward fall of disherytyng of hem of whome the Armes were lost. And of all the scochons and names that were lafte clere, and not lost, he made for to make a faire boke, and peyntet hem therin, for cause they shuld be there founden in remembraunce for euer, that al men myght fynde there their armes if thei hem not knewe. And that same boke was kept in the Abbay of Bataile vnto the tyme that Kyng Henry the .V^te. shuld passe in-to Normaundy,

to conquere his right, and toke with hym al the gentill-men which had forgeton their armes; wherfore þe said Kyng sent vnto the Abbot of Bataile for to sende hym that boke of Armes; And the Abbot sent to hyme the boke at his comaundement, the which boke was neuer brought ageyn; and the chambre where þe armes were was not repeiret, nor none hede taken to hem; wherfore a gret part of the Armes fell doune, and was lost and forgeten; but then all the names and armes that were founden clere were writton [Harleian MS. 53 76b] in a table which is of recorde in the Abbay of Batail, the which names ben rehersit in this table next folowynge in ordre. that is to say:*

[-ard]	Purcell	Baywall	Hanet
Bastard	Chamell	Meynill	Lynet
Baynard	Ridell	Darill	Hachet
Brassard	Russell	Rochell	Haket
Maignard	Bloudenll	—	Truret
Berard	Mauncell	[-et, -ot]	Burdet
Maureward	Torchappell	Toret	Bret
Beygnard	Charnell	Tanet	Trevet
Hansard	Tirell	Tupet	Bigot
Hasard	Torell	Bratet	Bagot
Ayelard	Orell	Boynet	Tallebot
Achard	Saintbrenell	Malet	Tibot
Swyward	Tramell	Bluet	Tabot
Saylard	Clarell	Brachet	Lincot
Bereward	Fresell	Belet	Lonetot
Wishard	Wadell	Ledet	Pigot
Musard	Trussell	Pilet	Tiptot
Lyard	Coudrell	Palet	—
Giffard	Burnell	Tuchet	[-aunt, -ent,
Picard	Bussell	Basset	-ount]
Pipard	Peverell	Buket	Gaunt
Gerard	Auenell	Duket	Passauaunt [Harleian MS. 53 76b:3]
Fossard	Veell	Piket	Niuelent
—	Spigurnell [Harleian MS. 53 76b:2]	Mulet	Duredent
[-all, -ell, -ill]	Lovell	Baret	Richemount
Morell	Criell	Mounfichet	Nepount
Martell	Furnyvall	Pounchet	Neyrount
Pamell	Drutall	Pachet	—
Pinell	Surdevall	Corbet	[-act]
Ducrell	Orivall	Birset	Pountfract

[-court]	Mansey	Audevile	Fitz Piers
Harecourt	Candrey	Danstervile	Fitz Symond
Bricourt	Sancey [Harleian MS. 53 76b:4]	Maundevile	Fitz Vise
Phanecourt	Curecy	Souppill or	Fitz Hu
Deynecourt	Anney	Soupeill	Fitz Brian
—	Bussey	—	Fitz Garin
[-y]	Lescey	[-ampe]	Fitz Herbert
Lucy	Moubray	Longchampe	—
Lacy	Gurnay	Nunchampe	[-ace, -ars, -as,
Luncy	—	Feschampe	-aus; -eis, -ers,
Darcy	[-ile, -ill]	Beauchamp	-es, -eus, -euse;
Sunely	Morvile	—	-oris, -os, -urs,
Mounteny	Sechevile	[-er, -ere, -our]	-uce; -is, -oise,
Barry	Bernevile	Passamere [Harleian MS. 53 76b:5]	-ose; -euges,
Berry	Graynvile	Mortyme	-euse, -us, -ux]
Curty	Bontvile	Poer	Curteis
Tracy	Frivile	Renger	Santemareis
Bracy	Longevile	Roter	Beaumeis
Aubeny	Fresvile	Beler	Bleis
Perly	Folvile	Bone	Greis
Cunly	Berevile	Butteler	Wasteneis (or
Curly	Cannevile	Despense	-eils)
Crecy	Carevile	Budler	Curteneis
Arcy	Cardevile	Saucer	Mareis
Percy	Asprevile	Chaucer [*]	Seygnes
Vescy	Colvile	Ferrer	Raynes
Verly	Torevile	Gorger	Keynes [Harleian MS. 53 77a:1]
Soldeny	Barevile	Miler	Freynes
Mountanasy	Scutevile	Saunzaner	Roos
Meisy	Butevile	Gower	Curthose
Gaugy	Vmframvile	Leverer	Trauers
Hercy	Nevile	Sainteler	Matroners
Mongomery	Grenevile	Saintomer	Vilers
Semery	Turbevile	Ascher	Prers
Akeny	Arvile	Malynoler	Ferrers
Pleisy	Sandervile	Hurfer	Moreus
Panely	Amondevile	Veer	Valeus
Audeny	Spynevile	Saintleger	Chalurs
Quincy	Widvile	Gunter	Saintclus
Tuny	Wivile	Gamager	Saintmoris
Massy	Ofvile	Gauter	Pus
Welby	Gorunvile	Banaster	Bruce
—	Abvile	Venour	Chalenges
[-ay, -ey]	Somervile	Vauesour	Auerenges
Hay	Sonevile	—	Parles
Say	Baskervile	[Fitz-]	Huscharles
Aubray	Hanvile	Fitz Geffray	Setvaus
Morley	Hautevile	Fitz Water	Taillois

Camois	[-an]	Veisyn	Plevien
La Heuse	Brian	Mamelbarin	Saintmore
Courtheuse	Baucan	Comyn	—
Breuse	Truan	Warenne	Wildbef [Harleian MS. 53 77a:5]
Chaundos [Harleian MS. 53 77a:2]	—	Dulapenne [Harleian MS. 53 77a:4]	Pantulf
Sainterois	[-oun]	—	Bardulf
Tailepas	Britoun [Harleian MS. 53 77a:3]	Meyne	Sanctclou
Marcimas	Frisoun	Cheyne §	Gantlou
Ferebrace	Grauntsoun	Penire [or Pemre]	Mountegu
Fetepace	Vernoun	Tenere	—
Bars	Piroun	Lysle	Rosynis
Quatremars	Heiroun	Burle	Heris
Fyneux	Peisoun	Rusak	Brok
Punegis	Leoun	Murdak	—
Eurons	Motoun	Gorge	Hubert
Manus (or	—	Saintgorge	Lambert
Manns)	[-yn]	—	Foliambe
Grace	Cosyn	Dalamare	—
—	Rosyn	Mire	Escot
[-ayn, -eyn]	Sainthelyn	Saunzire	Kirlecot
Morteyn	Costentyn	Lunar	Trusbut
Butvileyn	Formentyn	Orrewar	Ynogre
Malemayn	Manyn	Clare	Saintnoyre
Foleyn	Iardyn	Savage	—
Chambreleyn	Taryn	Neomarch	Zoochh [? MS.]
Chastelleyn	Saintquintyn	SaintIohn	Cornor
	Hamelyn	Chene §

[The Lambeth MS., leaves 111-112, leaves out a few names, spells other with slight differences, and puts in 'Putrell.']

II.

[The battle of Crecy and the Siege of Calais, A.D. 1346.]

[Harleian MS. 53 138a] ¶ And in the xix yere of his regne he went in-to Britayne, and into Gascoyne & Gian, & with hym the Erle of Huntyngtoun, þe Erle of Warrewik, þe Erle of Suffolk [Harleian MS. 53 138b] and þe Erle of Arundell, and with many oþire lordes, with CC and .xl^ti. shippes, onon after Mydsomer, to avenge hym on the wronges and harmes þat was done be Philipe Valoys, Kyng of Fraunce, agaynes þe truyce beforesaid made; which truys he falsly and vntrewly brake by cauelacioun. And he come ageyne in-to Englonde with-in the same yere.

¶ Of the bataile of Cressy, and of the seege of Caleys; and of the bataile of Durham where-as the Kyng of Scottes was taken; and alle in one yere. [This heading is underlined in red in the MS.]

IN the yere of oure Lord. M^l. CCC. xlvj^ti. and in the xx^ti yere of the regne of Kyng Edward of Wyndesore, he held a parlement at Westmynster, where-as were al the lordes of the reame, spirituell and temperall. At which parlement were proclame-þe-gret iniuries and wronges þat was done be the Kyng of Fraunce and Frenshmen in the parties of be-yonde the see, and on þe see-costes in Kent, and specialy be theym of Caleis. Wherfore þe Kyng, be the counseil of his lordes spirituall and temperall, and of al his reame, ordeynt hym to passe ouer see ageyne, to chastise the rebelles of Fraunce, and to lay seege to Caleis, which did gret harme about al þe see-cost; wherfore it was þat tyme kept with saudiours, to gret cost to þe King and the reame. And þerfore þe Kyng sent to al his frendes be-yonde the see, þat were to hym assuret, as before is said, to mete with hym in Fraunce with al þeire power and Alliaunce. And the whiles he purveid hys navey, and made his retenewe in Englond, in al þe hast he myght; of which þe nameȝ of the chef lordes and capteyns, with their retenewe and the noumbre, folowith heraftir in this table, that is for to say:

¶ Prynce Edward with xj banerettes, C. ij. knyghtes, CC lxiiij. men of armes, CCC iiij^xx iiij Archers on horsebak, iij^xx ix. Archers on foote, vjc Walshmen, wherof on was a chapeleyn, & anoþer a leche, and anoþer a crier. And in his retenewe was xxv^ti vynteners, & iiij^c & iiij^xx footmen, & v standart berers.

¶ Henre, Erle of Lancastre, with an Erle, xj banerettes, C. iiij^xx xiij. knyghtes, v^C xiij. men of Armes, and vj^C xij. Archers on horsebak.

¶ William Bohome, Erle of Northamptoun, with ij banerettes and xlvj^ti knyghtes, C and xij. men of Armes, And C. lxj of Archers on horsebak.

¶ Thomas Beauchampe, Erle of Warrewik, with iij banerettes, and lxiij knyghtes, and C and xxx^ti men of Armes, and C. xlj^ti Archers on horsebak.

¶ Richard, Erle of Arundell, with iij banerettes, and xlj^ti. knyghtes, and C and .vj. men of Armes, and C liij^ti. Archers on horsebak.

¶ Robert Dufford, Erle of Suffolk, with on baneret, and xxvj^ti knyghtes, and lviij^ti men of Armes, and lxiij Archers on horsebak.

¶ William Clynton, Erle of Huntingtoun, with ij. banerettes, and xxx^ti knyghtes, and iiij^xx and xiij. men of Armes, and iiij^xx. viij. Archers on horsebak.

¶ John Veer, Erle of Oxenford, with on baneret and xxij knyghtes, and xliiij^ti men of Armes, and lxiiij Archers on horsebak.

¶ Laurence Hastynges, Erle of Penbrok, with on baneret, and xxxvj^ti knyghtes, and iiij^xx vj men of Armes, And C xxij^ti Archers on horsebak.

¶ The Erle of Kildare, with on baneret, and on knyght, and xxiiij^ti men of Armes, and xxviij^ti hobilers.

¶ Maistre Thomas Hattefeld, bisshope of Dureham, with iij banerettes, and xlviij^ti. knyghtes, C lxiiij men of Armes, and iiij^xx and xv Archers on horsebak.

¶ Hughe Spenser as an Erle, with .ij. banerettes, and xlti knyghtes, and iiij^xx and xvj men of Armes, and iiij^xx and xv Archers on horsebak. [Harleian MS. 53 139a] ¶ Rauf, Baron of Stafford, with ij banerettes, and xxti knyghtes, & iiij^xx and xij men of Armes, and iiij^xx and xv Archers on horsebakke.

¶ Richard Talbot, Baroun, Stuard of þe Kynges house, with xiiij knyghtes, and lx of men of Armes, and lx Archers on horsebakke.

¶ Iohn Darox the fadir, Baron, with xj knyghtes, and xlviij^ti of men of Armes, and lx Archers on horsebakke, and xx^ti Archers on foote.

¶ Berthelemew Burewassh, Baneret, the Kynges Chamberleyn, with one baneret, and xxvj^ti knyghtes, lxxxj of men of Armes, & lviij^ti Archers on horsebak, & xix on foote.

¶ Waulter Manny, with oþer xxv^ti banerettes, with theyre

retenets, that is to say, with C xxiiij^ti knyghtes, D iiij^xx xiij of men of Armes, and D iiij^xx xij archers on horsebakke, and of hobillers and Pavysers, and C xix Archers on foote.

¶ Sir William Wareyne, knyghte, with oþir iiij^xx and xv knyghtes, CCC iiij^xx xiiij pavisers and hobelers on horsbakke, and xvj archers on foote.

¶ Sir Waulter Wetewang, the Kynges wardroper, with ij knyghtes, and xxv^ti of men of Armes, and xxxvj^ti Archers on horsbakke.

¶ Maistre Symond Islepe, Privey Seal, with xvij men of Armes, and xij Archers on horsebakke, and iiij Archers on foote.

¶ Philip Weston, Clerk, with iij knyghtes, and xxvij^ti of men of Armes, and xxx^ti Archers on horsebakke.

¶ William Keldesby, Clerk, with iij knyghtes, and lxxiij of men of Armes, and lxviij Archers on horsbakke, and xij Archers on foote.

¶ Sir William Dalton, Countroller of þe Kynges house, with oþer xix Clerkes of dyuers officers, with an C xiiij vndir-Clerkes and squyers, and C xxv^ti Archers on horsebakke, and ij Archers on foote.

¶ William at Wode, the Kynges banerer, with oþer iiij banerers, and C xxxij^ti of Sergiauntes to men of Armes, Scutifers of þe Kynges house, sergeauntes of diuerse office, and mynstrelles, CClxviij Archers, hobelers, banerers, messagers and yemen of þe Kynges Chambre, and of diuerse offices in þe Kynges house.

¶ Sir Thomas Haukeston, knyght, with an C lxj of men of Armes, and CCC xiij Archers on horsbakke, and CC xlj^ti Archers on foote.

¶ Maistre Siluestre Benet, and oþer CCC xiiij Masons, Carpenters, Smythes, pavylers, mynours, Armerers, Gunners, and Artillers.

¶ Sir Iohn Ward, knyght, with x Centenaries and lti men of Armes, and D CC iiij^xx, and viij vyntenaries, and CC iiij^xx xviij Archers on horsbakke, and D hobilers, and xv M^l iiij Archers on foote.

¶ Sir Howell Griffith, knyghte, with oþer ij knyghtes, and iiij^xx men of Armes of Walshemen of Northwales and Southwales, and ij C and iij vintenares, and iiij M^l CC Walshmen.

¶ Maisters of Shippes, and Constables, maryners, and pages, þe nombre of DCC: þe nombre of maryners, bargers, and balyngers and vitailers, xvj M^l.

¶ And thes ben þe names of the Aliens which were þe Kynges frendes, and in his Sande that same tyme, and halp hym in his werres in Fraunce. scilicet:—

[Harleian MS. 53 139b] ¶ Lodewik, the Emperoure of Rome, with a certeyn men of Armes.

¶ Reynold, Duke of Gildre, with a certeyn-men of Armes.

¶ Iohn, Duke of Braban, with a certeyne men of Armes.

¶ William, Erle of Henawde, with a certeyne men of Armes.

¶ Tederik, lord Faukemand, with a certeyne men of Armes.

¶ Corald of Marke, with a certeyne men of Armes. ¶ Bertold, Erle of Baiespath, Maurchion de Brandesburghe, and othir knyghtes and squyers, straungers, witholden with þe Kynge.

¶ Baudewyn, Archbisshope of Treeue, with a certeyn men.

¶ Archbisshope of Magunenser with a certeyn men.

¶ Guilmyn, Marchion Iuliacen, with a certeyn men.

¶ The Erle of Helsteyn, with oþer xxiiijti knyghtes alieyns, clepit 'Nethirbandes,' and C iiij^xx viij of men of Armes, and C lxvj pavisers.

¶ The Erle of Freyburghe, with oþer xl^ti knyghtes alieyns, clepit 'Euerbandes,' & CC xxxiiij^ti of men of Armes and C iiij^xx ix pavisers.

¶ The nombre of þe retenue, without Alieyns, that is to say, of erles, barons, banerettes, knyghtes, men of armes, Constables, Centeners, capteyns, vynteners, Archers on horsbak, hobelers, Archers of foote, and Walshmen, as þe rolles of þe retenu make mencion, is xxv^Ml. CC iiij^xx. ¶ The nombre of Masone, carpenters, smythes, paviloners, Armerers, Gunners and artillers, is CCC xiiij. ¶ The nombre of þe maisteres of shippes, Constables, maryners and pages of shippis, bargers, balyngers, and vitteilers is xvj. M^l.

¶ When Kyng Edward had made his retenu and his Armee

in þis wise as before is said, and his navey was redy, he shippit the xij^te day of Iule, the yere of our Lord M.^l CCC xlvj^ti, and saylet toward Normaundy, and londit at Hogges, and restet hym ther vj daies, and vnshippit his pepill and þen went he toward Cane, brennyng & distrying euer as he went by þe way. And þe xxviij^ti day of Iuyle, at þe brigge of Cane, that was strenghet be Normaundes, he had there a gret bataile, and longe duryng, thrughe gret multitude of pepil þat was þer slayn; and þer was take þe Erle of Elbe, the Lord Tankervile, and an C knyghtes and men of Armes, and vj^C footemen; and al þe subbarbes to þe hard walles was born and cariet away, al þat couth be cariet. And so þe Kyng passet forth in þe cuntrey, and wastet and distryet xx^ti myle in brede.

¶ Philip of Valois, Kyng of Fraunce, was fast by with a gret host, and hard þerof, and wold not come ouer þe water of Seyne, but brake al the brigges beyonde þe water, from Roan to Parise, and fled with his host to Parise. ¶ When Kyng Edward come to þe water of Seyne, he fand al þe brigges broken; but within ij daies he made a brige ageyne. and on þe morowe aftir oure Lady day Assumpcion, he passet ouer þe Water of Seyne, and went toward Cressy, & distryet by þe way, townes, and þe pepill in hem. And in þe Fest of Saynt Berthelemewe, he passet the water of Summe vnhurt, with al his host, where-as neuer was no passage before þat tyme; And yet þer ware ij M^l Frenshmen to haue lette his passage. And þen, þe xxvj^ti day of August, Edward faught beside Cressy, in a feld, havyng iij batayles of Englishmen, & Philipe of Valois iiij batailes: þe lest batail passet þe nomber of Englishmen. And when þe ij hostes mette to-gedre, ther [Harleian MS. 53 140a] fell in-with the host of Fraunce, the Kyng of Beame, þe Duk of Loryn, And oþer Erles, as of Flaundres, Dalison, Blois, Harecourt, Aunard, and Navers, and many oþer lordes and barons, knyghtes and men of Armes, the nombre of j M^l CCCCC and xlij^ti, without footemen. And yette for al this, Phelip the Kyng withdrowe hym with the residew of all his pepill; wherfore it was said among his oune mewe "Nostre beal retreit," that is to say, 'Oure faire withdraweth hym.' ¶ And thus Kyng Edward had þe Victory; and there he and his pepill hem restet, and thanket God. and on þe morow after, þe

Frenshe men come ageyne with a gret host to gyve Kyng Edward bataile; but the Erle of Warrewik mette with hem, and þe Erle of Norhamptoun, and þe Erle of Suffolke, with theire meyny, and slowe of hem ij M^l, and toke many of the gentils prisoners; and al þe remenaunt fled iiij lekes thens. And thrid day after, the Kyng Edwerd went toward Caleis, distrying al þe cuntrey as he rode, and laide seege to Caleis þe iijde day of Septembre, with the Castell, and contynuet þe sege still from that day vnto þe iijde day of Aust the next yere folowyng.

¶ Whiles Kyng Edward lay at Seege of Caleys, a gret power of Scottes come in-to Englond, to Nevilcros, about Saint Luyk day, wenyng to haue founden al þe land destitute and voide of men, because the Kyng was beyonde þe see with a gret host; þei wend þer had be non lafte at home, but prestes, men of religion, plowmen and laborers; but, thanket be God! they fand enow to wiststonde hem: they robbit and made gret distruccion; And so ther was a day of Batail sette betwene hem and certeyn lordes and men of holy chirch that were in that cuntrey, and þe comyn pepill; at which batail, throw Goddes myghte, [the Scottes] were discomfit, notwithstondyng they were iij men ageyne one of Englisshe men. And þere were slayne the chiualry of Scottelond; and there was Dauid, the Kyng of Scottes, taken fleying, smytte thrughe þe nose with an Arowe, be a yoman that was callet Copeland; and there was take, the Erle of Moriss, Sir William Douglas, and many oþer gret men. And this batail was done beside Dereham, the xvij day of Octobre, the yere of oure Lord aboue-said. And when þe bataile was done, þe Englisshe men hem restet a fewe dayes, and ordeynt kepers of the north countrey, and after came to London, and broȝt with hem þe Kyng of Scottes, and oþer lordes that were take prisoners, and led hem to þe Toure, where-as they abode of þe comyng of Kyng Edward out of Fraunce; and aftir that was raunsont at C M^l marcs, to bepayde in x yere, ich yere x M^l marcs.

¶ Of the Conquest of Caleis by Kyng Edward of Wyndisore; and of the tresoun that was ordeynt for Caleis by one Sir Geffrey Charney. [Big writing underlined in red in MS.]

EDward, Kyng of Englond contynuet at þe seege still all the wynter, and Philip Valois, Kyng of Fraunce, purpaset hym with some fraude to putte hym fro þe seege, and come the xxvij^ti day of Iuyle, þe yere of oure Lord M^l CCC xlvij^ti to Calkewell, a myle and an half from Caleis, with a gret host; and sent to Kyng Edward, and askit hym whedir he durst feight with hyme the iij^de day, about euensonge tyme, and leve þe seege. And Kyng Edward onon, with-out eny counsaile or avisement, acceptet gladly the day; and yette much of his pepill wer seke and ded on þe fflux. ¶ When þe Kyng of Fraunce wist verely that he wold feight, with-out eny avisement of long tarying he sette his loggynges on fyre, and went cowarly his way.

III.

[From Bolingbroke's return, A.D. 1399, to A.D. 1405.]

[Harleian MS. 53 152a] ¶ When Kyng Richard had tithynges in Irlond, that Henry of Boleynbroke, Duyke of Herford, was comyn into Englond, he lafte al his ordynaunce in Irlond, and hastet hym into Englond, in al that he myghte, and come vnto the castell of [Harleian MS. 53 152b] Flynt in Wales, and there he abode, to take his counsaile what was best for to done; but ther come no counsaile to hyme. And in the menewhile, Henry Boleynbrok come [to] Herford, and [þe] Erle of Derby come to Chestre, and loggit in the Castell, with-in the Inner ward þerof, which castell Kyng Richard had riolly repeiret, and made with hertes of frestone betwene ich lope, with crownes and cheynes about theire nekkes, for he lovit wele that place // And then was there sent vnto the castell of Flynt, Maister Thomas Arundell, Archbisshope of Caunterbury, and Sir Henry Percy, Erle of Northumbrelond, and othir lordes, both spirituall and temperall; and there was much thyng spoken of betwene þe Kyng and hem, by gret othis and suyrtees made, that he shuld come vnto Chestre savely, and spek with Duyk, and be delyuert savely ageyn to the said castell: which othis and suyrtees were not al parfowremet.

And so come the Kyng ridyng vnto Chestre and yong Henry with hyme, that was þe eldest sone of the said Duyk of Herford // and was loggit in the vtterward of the castell of Chestre. Then Kyng Richard vndirstood and knewe wele that it was not wele on heire syde. And the same nyght, after that Kyng Richard was gone to Chestir, Sir Thomas Percy, Erle of Wircestre and stuard of the Kynges howsold, come into the hall amonges the pepill, and there he brak the rodde of his office, and bade enery man do his best; And so went ich man his way.

¶ Then þe Kyng and the Duyk mette and spake to-gedirs in þe hall of þe said Castell, that was in the vtterward, a longe while, and aftir departet; and in the departyng, Henry, the sonne and heire of the said Duyk, come to his fadir, and knelit doun before hym, and welcomet hym, as hym aught to do; And there forthwith his fadir hym charget the next day to come from the Kyng, and waite vppon hym. ¶ Then this yong knyght Henry brought þe Kyng to his chambre with a sorowfull hert, for cause he shuld depart from his godfadir and his Souerayne Lord, for he louet hyme enterely. And when he come into the Kynges chambre, he tolde the Kyng how he most, the next day aftir, wayte vppon his fadir, be streyt and hard comaundement. And then þe kyng said to hym the[s]e wordes: ¶ "Good sonne Henry, I gyve the good leve to do thy fadirs comaundement; but I knowe wele there is on Henry shal do me much harme; and I suppose it is not thowe. Wherfore I pray the be my frende, for I wot now howe it wil go." And so on the next day aftir, Henry toke his leue of þe Kyng his godfadir with an hevy hert, and went to his fadir, Duyk of Herford. And after that, was the Kyng arestet in the same Castell by the said Duyk, and al his meyny that were about hym put away; and such men were put about hym as the Duyk wold. Then from thens he was broughte to London, and, by assent of al þe lordes, putte in þe Toure. And on Saint Laurence even þe hed of Perkyn of Lee was smyt of vnder the Iubet of Chestre.

[Harleian MS. 53 153a] ¶ Of the deth of Kyng Richard, and of othir dyuers Dukes, Erles, and barons moo. [Big writing, underlined with red.]

IN the first yere of the regne of Kyng Henry the iiij^te, Kyng Richard, which þat was put doune of his Rialte, was in þe Castell of Pountfret vndir þe ward of Sir Robert of Watirtonn, knyght; and þere he was ich day servet [as] a Kyng aught to he, that he myght se it; but he myght come to non þerof; wherfore sone aftir he deyd for honger in prison in þe same Castell; and so he made his ende. ¶ And when Kyng Henry wist verely that he was ded, because much pepill said he was on lyve many a day after, he made to sere hym, and cloþe hym in lynnen Cloth, al saave onely the visage; and that was lafte open, that men myght se and knowe his persone from al oþer; and so was he brought with torch-light vnto Paulis at London, and had þere his masse and dirige, and þe same wise at Westemynster; and þen from Paules he was broughte to Langeley, and þere he was enteret.

¶ That same yere Kyng Henry the iiij^te held his Cristemas in þe Castell of Wynnessore: and on the xij^te even come to hym the Duke of Awmarle, and told hym how þat he and þe Duke of Surry, þe Duk of Excestre, and þe Erle of Salesbury and þe Erle of Gloucestre, and oþer moo of theyre Affynyte, were accordit to make a mummyng vnto þe said Kyng Henry on xij^te day at nyght, in which mummyng þei purpaset to sle hym. ¶ When Kyng Henry þe iiij^te was thus warnet, he rode in hast þat same nyght pryvely to London, to gete hym socoure and counsaile. But assone as þe forsaid lordes wist and knewe that their counsaile were discouert openly, they fled, euery man his way; And aftirward thei were taken in certeyn places of Englond be þe comyns, and hedit, and þeire hedis sette on London Brigge, and theire bodyes quartert, and sett vp in dyuers townes of Englond. Whos names folowen here aftir in þis table, and the places where þei wer taken, and hedit:

At Circestre were taken with hem of þe toune The Duke of Surry and Erle of Kent, The Erle of Salesbery, The Erle of Oxenford quarteret and hedit.

At Oxenford were take with hem of þe toune Sir Thomas Blount, Sir Rauf Lunnay, Sir Benet Sely, knyghtes, Thomas Wyntersshill, squyer, quateret and hedit.

At Pritwell in a mylne was take by th[e] Comyns Sir Iohn Holand, Duyk of Excestre, And quarteret, and hedit at Plasshe in Essex.

At Bristow was take by hem of þe toune The Erle of Gloucestre and Lord Spencer quarteret and hedit.

[Harleian MS. 53 153b] And aftirward in that same yere, was Sir Bernard Brocas, knyght, and Sir Iohn Shelley, knyghte, And Sir Iohn Mawdeleyne and Ferby, parsones of Kyng Richard Chapell, take, and put in þe Toure of Londone; and there they were iuget to the deth, theire hedes to be smytton of, and sette on London Brigge: and so they were. ¶ That same yere, Queene Isabell, that was the wiff of Kyng Richard the Secunde, was dischargit of hir dowery, and sent home in-to Fraunce ageyne with many rich gyftes.

¶ Of the were of Wales betwene the Lord Gray of Rithen and Oweyn of Glyndore of Wales, and of the bataile of Shrewisbury. [Big writing, underlined with red.]

IN the secunde yere of the regne of Kyng Henry the iiij^te, was Sire Roger of Claryntoun, knyght, and the Pryoure of Launde, and viij Freres Mynoures,— wherof somme were maisters of dyvinite—and oþer moo, were, for tresone, drawe and hanget at Tiburne. ¶ That same yere ther began a gret discencion and a debate in Wales betwene þe Lord Gray of þe Rithyn and Oweyne of Glyndore, Squyer of Wales, for bying of an hare in the market. This Oweyne Arerit a gret nombre of Wa[l]sshe-men, and distroyet þe lordeshipes of the Lord Gray, and of þe Kynges also, and did much harme through-out Wales, and robbet and slowe the Kynges pepill, both Englissh and Walsh. and the Lord Gray distroyet, on his party, al þat held with þe said Oweyne; And this werre endurit xij yere. ¶ And at last this Oweyne toke the Lord Grey, Prisoner, and were raunsont for V^C prisoners of Walsh-men of the March;

and þe Lord Gray at last to wedde his doughter, and kept hym there with his wiff; and sone after he dyet. ¶ Then went the Kyng in-to Wales with a gret power, to distry this Oweyne and þe rebelles of Wales; but þe Walssh men fled vp on hye mounteynes, where-as þe Kyng couth in no wise come to hem; and so þe Kyng sped not þere; wherfore he retournet home ageyne. And þat same yere was a gret drourth and a scariste of whete, so that a quarter was wurth xvj^S.

¶ That same yere Sir William Sawtre, preest, was brent in Smythfeld, for eresy; and that yere Sir Roger Waldeyne and Sir Richard Clidrowe qvytte by a quest of men of London. and that same [yere] was a bataile on Halydoun Hylle betwene Englissh-men and Scottes, where-as was taken þe Erle Douglas, and his one ey smytte out, and þe Erle of Moriss, and many othir lordes, knyghtes and squyers; and so, as God wold, thenglissh men had þe feld and þe victory.

¶ In the iij^de yere of þe regne of Kyng Henry the iiij^te, Apperit a sterre in þe firmament in the west, in þe monyth of Feueryere, which wes clepit the 'blasyng sterreg,' and of clerkes it was clepit 'stella Comata.' Anon after, fell a debate betwene þe Kyng and Sir Henry Percy, that was callet amonge þe Scottes 'Henry Hatespurre.' This Syre Henry come vnto þe Kyng, and asket of hym certeyn wages that he was behynde, for þe kepyng and wardeynshipe of þe Marches, and þe kyng hym gave but a light Answare. And Sir Henry Percy said 'he quyt hym not to hym as he shold do, for' he said, 'ne had he ben, he had neuer be Kyng of Englond.' The Kyng then, with that word was sore mevyt, and with his fist stroke Sir Henry Percy on þe cheke. And þen Sir Henry, sore aggrevid, said the[s]e wordes vnto the Kyng: "In faith, this shal be the derrest-boght buffet that euer was in Englond"; and with þat word turnet the bakke, and toke his hors, and rode his way with his meyny that come with hym. When þe Kyng had smytten Sir Henry thus, as before is said, yet he was sory þerof, and hym repentet, and sent for Sire Henry ageyne; but he wold come to þe Kyng in no wise, but rode forth, and rayset a gre[te] pepill of diuers shires, and specialy of Chestre-shire; and on Saynt Mary Mawdeleyne euen next folowyng, the yere of owre Lord I .M^l. CCCC. iij., was a gret bataile besydes Shrewesbery, betwene Kyng

Henry þe iiij^te and þe said Henry Percy, by false counsaile and wikket steryng of Sir Thomas Percy, Erle of Wircestre, and vncle vnto the said Henry Percy. in which bataile was slayne, first, Sir Henry Percy hym self, and þe moost party of his pepill; and Sir Thomas Percy, Erle of Wircestre was taken, and was kept ij dayes, and after was drawe and hanget, and his hed smytton of, and sette on London Brigge. And in that same batayle, on þe Kynges party, was slayne The Erle of Stafford, and Sir Waltere Blount in þe Kynges cote Armure vnder þe Kynges baner, & [Harleian MS. 53 154a] many othir wurthy knyghtes and Squyers and good yemen. And in that same bataile þe Prynce was smytte thrugh þe hed with an Arowe; and yet God fortunet that he lyvit. And Sir Iohn of Stanley, knyght, was smytte in the throte with an Arowe; and when þe bataile was done, the Kyng sent to hym, and to wete of hym what he shuld do with Chestirshire, for-as-much [as] they were ageynes hym. And he Ansuard þe messager, so as he myght speke rattelyng in þe throte, and said, "Brene and sle! Brenne and sle!" And þe Kyng asket what he said; and he þat was sent to hym said to þe Kyng that he shuld take hem to grace; and so the Kyng þen hem toke to grace; and al þat wold ask grace þat were taken, had grace and forgyvenes; but aftir þe bataile the Kynges meyny come into Chestirshire, and dispoylet þe cuntre in. euery part, and bare away the goodes that couth be caryet. ¶ This bataile was þe heviest, and vnkyndest and sorest batail þat euer was before that tyme in Englond; for ther was þe sonne ageynes þe fadir, and the brothir ageynes brothir, and kynne ageynes kynne; and þer was beriet in on pitte xjC men; in which place is nowe a Chapell of oure Lady, & prestes syngyng for the sawles. And thys bataile was the yere of oure Lord aboue-sayd, wherof a versifier makith mencion, And sayth on thys wyse:

Anno Milleno quadracenteno-que trino, Bellum Salopie fuerat in Mag[ne] Mari[e] nocte.

How Dame Iahne, Duchess of Britayne, come into Englond, and weddit vnto Kyng Henry the iij^te. And of the comyng of þe Emperoure in-to Englond. [Big writing, underlined with red.]

IN the iiij^te yere of þe regne of Kyng Henry the iiij^te [the] Emperoure of Constaigynnople come in-to Englond, to se þe gouernaunce and þe conveyaunce of þe land, and þe comoditees, on þe Kynges cost; and when he had seyne al þat he wolde, he went ageyne. And þat same yere, Dame Iahne, Duches of Britayne, come into Englond, and landet at Falmouthe in Cornewaile, and was weddit vn-to Kyng Henry þe iiij^te at Wynchester, in the Abbay of Saynt Swithyn, and sone aftirward was crownet at Westemynster. ¶ And þat same yere, Dame Blaunche, the eldest daughter of Kyng Henry þe iiij^te, was sent with Sire Iohn Beaufort, Erle of Somerȝed, hir vncle, and with Maistre Richard Clifford, that tyme Bysshope of Londone, and oþer notable persones, vnto Coleyne; and þer was she weddit vnto þe sone of þe Duke of Barry; and after þe ffest of þe mariage was done, þe saide Erle and Bisshope come into Englonde ageyne.

Of the bataile of Mark. [Big letters, red underlines.]

¶ In þe vte yere of þe regne of Kyng Henry þe iiij^te, þe Lord Thomas, þe sonne of Kyng Henry, and þe Erle of Kent, with many oþer wurthy men, went to þe see; and they landit at Scluys, and made þere a gret assaut, and brent in þe Ile of Cageant, and token iij karrikkes of Geene, lade with diuerse Marchaundise, and hem brouȝt into þe Cambre before Winchilsey; and þere þe goodes were cantet, and one of þe karrikkes was sodanly brent; and so þe said lordes went no ferther at þat tyme.

¶ And that yere, in þe xxiiij^ti. day of Iunij, the Erle of Saynt Paule laide seege to þe Castell of Mark, iiij myle out of Caleys, with iiij M^l men, and diket hem stronge with-in þe toune of Mark, Iohn Beaufort, Erle of Somerȝed, that tyme beyng Capteyn of Caleis, and Sir Richard of Asshton, knyghte, his leotenaunt; which Richard, with the garison of Caleis, allonely went to Mark, and faught with þe Frensshmen long, and entirt in on hem at þe Northgappe, and at þe west gappe, and slow and toke al that wolde abide. And þe Erle of Saynt Paule hym-self fled his way, be þe marreys; and or þe batell wes done, Sir Iohn Beaufort, Erle of Somerȝed and Capteyne of Caleys, come out of Englond, and landit at Caleys,

and went to Mark, and come to þe ende of þe discumfiture of þe Frenssh-men: And þer was taken the Lord Hanget and many wurthy prisoners of knyghtes, squyers, and men of Armes. and þis bataile was done þe yere of oure Lorde aboue [said, M^l] CCCC v, and on saynt Crispyne and Crispianes day, as a versifier makes þerof mencion, and saith: [No verses follow in the MS.]

IV.

[From the first year of Henry V, 1413, to the third year, 1415.]

[Harleian MS. 53 155b] And in þat same yere, on Twelft Night, certeyne lollardes were arested at the signe of þe Ax, without Cripilgate, at London, which had purposet, thrugh þeire false treson, to haue made a mummyng at Eltham, where þe Kyng was; and vnder þe coloure of the mummyng, they wold have distryet þe Kyng, and þe lordes spirituall and temperall, and all þe clergy of þe Reame. And þey had cast to haue taken þe feld be-side Saint Giles; but, as God wold, þe Kyng þerof had warnyng, and come to London, and with hym þe Bisshope of Caunterbery, and toke þe feld beside Saint Iones and Clerkyn-welle, and made to kepe al þe hye wayes to London; and so were thei taken ay as they come thidirward. And in London was tak Sire Roger Acton, knyghte, and was drawe & hanget be-side Saint Giles, where þe Kyng lete do make iiij paires of gallous, þat were callet 'þe lollers galowes.' And þer wes take, Syre Iohn Beuerlay, a prest, and Iohn Broune, a squyere, and many oþer moo, þe nombre of xxxviij persons and moo, and were draw, hanget and brent. ¶ And Sir Iohn Oldcastell, þe Lord Cobbam, was arest at Wyndesore for heresy, and was sent to þe Toure of London; and sone after, he was examynt at þe ffrere prechours, before al the clergy of þe wurthiest of religion, and bisshoppes, and doctours of dyvinite; and þer were temperal lordes to here hys opynions. and after, he was sent vnto þe Toure ageyn; but sone after he brake out of þe Toure, and went in-to Walis. ¶ And þat same yere Iohn Sere, a squyer, slowe Tibey, a prest in [Harleian MS. 53 156a] London, beside Aldrichgate, and þen toke the chirch of Saint

Anne; wherfore þe Kyng made þe Cite to wach hym þer, day and nyght, duryng iij wokes; and þen was he muret vp in the chirch: þen he and iij of his mene forswore þe londe, and went in-to Fraunce, and there he dyet.

¶ And in þe seconde yere of his regne, he helde a gret counsaile at Westmyn[s]ter, with al þe lordes of his Reame, spirituall and temperall: where it was tretit and spoken of his title þat he had to Normaundy, Gascoyne and Gyan, which was his enheritaunce of righte. and after, he held a gret parlement at Leicestre, where, be thavice of al his lordes of his Counsaile, and of þe comyns of his land, he sent in-to Fraunce his enbassatours, to þe Kyng there and to his Counsaile, requirynge hem to yelde vp to him his said enheritaunce, or elles he lete hem wete he wold it gete with þe sword, by þe helpe of Ihesu Crist. ¶ Then þe Dolfyn of Fraunce, Charles, ansuard to þe Kynges enbassatours, and said: "youre Kyng of Englond is ouer yong and tendre of age to be a good werrioure, and not like to make such a conquest on Fraunce."

¶ Then þe Kynges enbassatours, heryng this scornfull ansuare, retournet in-to Englond ageyne, and told þe Kyng and his Counsaile the ansuare and þe entent of þe Dolfyn and of þe Counsaile of Fraunce. ¶ The Kyng then was þerwith sore amevide; and onon in al hast made redy his ordinaunce necessary for þe werre, and lete make .iij. gret shippes—one of xv^C tonne þat was clepit þe 'Gracedieu,' and þe 'gost' and þe 'trynite,' smaller shippes. and he lete ordeyne and make gret gunnes, and al oþer ordynaunces, and made his retenewe, And comaundet his lordys, dukes, erles and barons, knyghtes, squyers, and al oþer comyners, masons, carpenters, and al artificers, to make hem redy to go with hym into Fraunce, to help hym wynne his heritage and his righte, and to mete with hym on Lammas Day at Southampton, where he ordeynt his navey to be þer, redy to abide his comyng: whidir come many shippes out of Holynd. And when þe kyng was redy, he come to Southamton on Lammas day, where-as mette hym al his pepill; and þer was he redy to take his viage in-to Normandy.

At which day it was puplisshit, and openly knowen, þat iij lordes, þat is to say, Richard, Erle of Cambrigge, broþer to Edward,

Duyk of York, and þe Lord Scrope, Tresourer of Englond, and Sir Thomas Gray, knyght, had receyuet a gret somme of money, þat is to say, a Ml pounde of gold, and had sold þe Kyng vnto þe Frensshmen and his brether. Wherfore they were onon taken and Iugit, their hedis to be smytton of; and so they were, without þe Southgates at Southampton. And when that was done, þe Kyng shippit with his host, and so saylet in-to Normaundy with xvc shippes, gret and small, And arryvet at Kittance one oure Lady even, þe Assumpcion. And from thens he went streight to Harflewe, and besegit þe toune be londe and be watir.

How kyng Henry the V^te wanne Harflewe; and of the bataile of Agincourt, and how the Emperoure come into Englond.

WHen Harflewe was besegit be londe and be water, þer were in þe toune viijc men of werre, with-out lordes and states. And thes were þe names of þe lordes: Sir Iakes de Harecourt, capteyn, þe Lord Gawcourt, the Lord of Hakvyse, the Lord of Florry, the Lord of Bleynvile, the Lord of Tiptot, the Lord of Combrevyle, the Lord of Beushvyle, and oþir moo which shal be reherset herafter ¶ The Kyng þen sent to Sir Iakes de Harecourt, Capteyn of Harflewe, and hym comaundit to delyuer þe toune. And Sire Iakes ansuard and said, 'he toke hym none to kepe; nor none he shuld haue þere.' And when this ansuare was brought vnto þe Kyng, he made to lay 'goodgrace,' his gret gune, and al his oþer gunnes, on ich a side, and comaundit his gunners to bete doune þe walles. and so thei shotte on ich side, and brak doune þe walles, and þe houses with-in the toune. ¶ When thay of þe toune þat saw, they sent to Kyng Henry, besechyng hym of viij dayes of respite, if eny maner rescouse myght come to hem in þe menewhile. and if so were there come none rescouse to hem with-in þe viijte dayes, they wold deliuer to hym the keyes and þe toune: and þer-vppon þai wold deliuer hym xxiiij lordes in hostage, and of the wurthyest men of þe toune.

¶ The Kyng then grauntet wele þerto; and so [Harleian MS. 53 156b] they delyuert xxiiij^ti hostages, whos names ben writton in this table next folowyng, þat is to say:—

The Lord Tuttevile,	Thomas de Asses,
The Lord of Clere,	Iohn Malherbe,
The Lord of Chasteleyn, De Beauvise	Iohn Harrard,
	Stephan Heuband,
The Lord Blowset,	Guilliam Buchier,
The Lord Burnet, of Langchampe,	Laurence Robyn,
	Iohn Buchier
The Lord Iohn of Malevile,	Aleyn Ligne,
The Lord Charles de Saint	Iohn Graunt,
Claleyn,	Robyn Walkyle,
The Lord Caradouse	Iohn le Mare,
Deskesewis,	Ianyn le Duyk,
The Lord Iakes de Bankvyle,	Guilmot Guillias.
Guilliam de Pount,	Colyn Langloys,

¶ And when thes xxiiij^te hostages were sent out of þe toune to þe Kyng, al thoo viij dayes after they of þe toune loket after rescouse; but þer come none. Wherfore Sir Iakes de Harecourt, þat was Capteyn of þe toune of Harflew, with lordes and states of þe toune, brough[t] þe Kyng þe keys at the viijte dayes ende, and deliuert hym þe toune. ¶ Then þe Kyng made þe Erle of Dorset, Beaufort his vnkill, capteyn of þe toune, and hym comaundit to put out al the Frensshe pepill þat were within, man woman and child, and stuff þe toune with Englisshemen, and so he did. ¶ Then þe Kyng remevit from þens with his pepill, and come doun to Caleis-ward be land, to þe noumbre of viij M^l.; but þe Frensshe-men hade breken alle the brigges where he shuld haue passit ouer. Wherfore he sought his way in oþer places, and come dounward to a place clepit Agincourt; where-as al þe power of Fraunce wer gedirt, and redy to stoppe hym þe way, and to gyve hym bataile. ¶ And when þe Kyng this sawe, he praid God be his helpe; and with þe pepill þa[t] he had, which was but scarse viij M^l, made hym redy, and hym enbatailt. ¶ The Kyng þat tyme had a mys-trust in Edward, Duyk of York; and þat the Duyke wele perceyuet, and come to þe Kyng, and hym besoughte that he myght haue þe vaward þat day. and þe Kyng hym

graunted. Then þe Duyk went forth, and comaundit and charget euery man to ordeyne hym a stake of tre, sharpet at both endys, and pight an ende asslope in þe ground before hem, that þe Frenshemen shuld not ouerride hem; for thair purpose was to haue ouerriden hem; for they were nombret vj^xx M^l and moo. And þe Frenshmen, al þe nyghte before or þat the bataile was, made muche revell, and cryeng and shoutyng, al þe nyghte, and plaiet Englisshemen at þe dyce, euery archer for a blank. ¶ And on þe morowe about pryme, þe Kyng comaundit euery man to make hym redy to bataile, and said thes wordes: "Sirres! thenkes this day to quyte youe as men, and feightes for þe righte of Englond! and, in the name of Almyghty God, avaunt baner! and Saynt George, this day thyn helpe!" Then oure men knelit doune al attones, and made a cros on þe grounde, and kissit it, and put hem in þe mercy of God.

¶ The Frenshmen þen come with gret pride ferisly, and oure archers shotte frely; and att last, both þe battailes Ioynet and mette, and sore foughton togedirs. And þe Frenshe men presit so fast and so thikke on oure pepill, þat they fell on þe stakes þat were pighte in the ground, horse and man, so thikke, ich ouer othir, þat gret pepill of hem were slayne with-out eny stroke. And þe Kyng þat day full manfully faughte that same day, his oune handys; so that 1 pece of his croune was broken, which afterward was founden and broughte to hym. and so at last, Almyghty God gaue grace that he had þe victory of hys enmys, for al theire pride, and slowe xij M^l; of the which, þe lordes and þe states of name, theire names folowen in þis table herafter:

The Bisshope of Sayntis,	The Erle of Brene,
The Duyke of Brabane,	The Erle of Sannes,
The Duyk of Barry,	The Erle of Grauntpre,
The Duyke of Launson,	The Erle of Fallyngberge,
The Erle of Douers,	The Lord Dalabret,
The Erle of Marle,	The Lord Heyle,
The Erle of Russe,	The Constable of Fraunce,
The Erle of Almartyne,	The Lord of Dampiere,
The Erle of Vandemound,	The Lord of Beaufremound,

The Lord of Danssy,	The Lord Colard of Fessenis,
The Lord Damnery,	The Lord Cheyny,
The Lord Robert Frere,	The Lord of Beauford,
The Lord of Ranavile,	The Lord of Branen,
The Lord Waryn,	The Lord Raulond of Grotuse,
The Lord of Kemeram,	The Lord Philipe of Lens,
The Lord of Bakevyle,	The Lord William Eriche,
The Lord Senal of Henawe,	The Lord of Saint Clos,
The Lord of Mongangies,	The Lord Iohn of Poys,
[Harleian MS. 53 157a] The Lord Coursy,	The Lord Iakes of Coriamble,
The Lord Oudard of Rant,	The Lord of Caunkesy,
The Lord of Hemes,	The Lord Colard Somanyng,
The Lord Symond of Fragnell,	The Lord Colard of Frenys, [Harleian MS. 53 157a:2]
The Lord of Cramys,	The Lord Gaumot of Burnvile,
The Lord Robert Monerigny,	The Lord Ronale of Flaundres,
The Lord of Quemes,	The Lord Bidamue of Lannoys,
The Lord Daunchy,	The Lord John of Garonns,
The Lord Gerard of Herbanes,	The Lord Dacoy,
The Lord Iohn of Gres,	The Lord Colenchet,
The Lord of Soile,	The Lord Doo,
The Lord Dauphyan,	The Lord Iohn of Beaumont,
The Lord Mounteney,	The Lord Iohn of Drouy,
The Lord Burcy and his sonne,	The Lord Charles,
The Lord Reynold Dagincourt,	The Lord Philipe Lynberk
The Lord Mayhewe of Humes,	and his sonne,
The Lord Philipe of Fosseins,	The Lord Iohn of Calkevile,
The Lord Burian of Rubenpre,	The Lord of Bryoile,
The Lord of Poys,	The Lord William of Granevile,
The Lord Launcelet of Clarre,	The Lord Humers,
The Lord of Hemede,	The Lord Iohn of Monteney,
The Lord of Coresques,	The Lord of Harlyn and his
The Lord of Marquet,	broþer,
The Lord Robert of Poys,	The Lord Malare of Gurnay,
The Lord of Noel,	The Lord of Cankers,
The Lord Robert of Waryn,	The Lord of Houncious of
The Lord Haucon of Croan,	Poys,
The Lord of Eroun and his sonne,	The Lord of Long,

The Lord of Tenys and his	Fort-escu,
sonne,	Robert of Savage,
The Castelyn of Lens,	Brian of Geromes,
The Baron of Mary,	Iohn of Gardyn,
The Stuard of Henawde,	Dorn dez Pres,
The Baily of Dauneus,	Iohn of Sempy,
Iohn Guryn,	Pier Bonenfaunt,
Damset Dannay,	Burgu of Rony,
Iohn of Lesele,	Pers of Fossenis.

And many othir moo, as before is saide. And thes were þe names of þe Frenssh lordes þat were take prisoners in þat batail:— The Duyk of Orlyaunce, The Duyk of Burboyn, The Erle of Eawe, The Erle of Richemond, The Erle of Vandome, Sir Iohn of Bare, þe Dukes broþer of Bare, Sir Bursigaunt, stuard of Fraunce, Sir Iohn de Roche, And many oþer moo, to þe nombre of viij^C.

And þes were þe names of þe lordes þat were slayn on oure party:—The good and noble Edward, Duyk of York, in þe vaward, The Erle of Suffolk, and oþer moo yemen to þe nombre of xxviij^ti. and þis bataile was done þe xxv^ti day of Octobre, on Saint Crispyn and Crispians day, the yere of oure Lord, M^l CCCC xv. ¶ Of which a versifier makes mencion, and saith "Crispini multos strauit gens anglica Francos." ¶ Then come tithynges to þe Kyng þat a newe bataile of Frenshmen were redy to feight with hym ageyn. Then þe Kyng onon chargit and comaundet euery man to sle his prisoner. And when the Frensh men þat sawe, they withdrowe hem, and went their way.

¶ Then come þe Kyng to Caleys with his prisoners, and thankit God of þat gloriose victory, [Harleian MS. 53 157b] and Saint George, which halpe hym to fighte, and was seyne abouen in þe eyre, þat day they fauȝt. And when þe Kynge come to Caleys, he restet hym þere awhile, and after shippit, and come into Englond, and landet at Dovir, and passit so forth to Berehamdoune, where-as mette with hym þe v portes, with x M^l men clenly harnesshit and arrayet. And þen said þe Duyk of Orlyaunce: "¶ what! shal we now go ageyne to bataile?" And þe Kyng hym ansuard, and said: "Nay: thes ben childer of my cuntre come to welcome me home." And there þe

v portes presentit þe Kyng with a shippe, & gold therin. And so rode he forth to Caunterbery, where-as þe procession hym mette with-out þe toun, and hym broght to Cristischirche; and the Kyng offert at Saint Thomas shryne. And from thens he rode to Eltham. And fro thens he toke his way to London; and on Blakke-Heth mette with hym þe Meyre and the Aldermen, with al the craftes of þe Cite clothet al in rede, to þe nombre of xx^ti M^l; and þer they welcomet hym home, and þe Kyng hem thanket. And so rode he forth to London on Saint Clement day, wher-as he was riolly receyuet with precession, And song "Aue Anglorum flos, mundi miles Christi!" And when he come to London Brigge, where-as were ij turrettes on þe draw-brige, and a gret Geaunt, and on þe turrettes stondyng a lyon and a Antlope, with many angeles syngyng "Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini!" And so rode he forth in-to London; and þe stretes were rially hanget with rich clothes; And in Cornhyll was made a rioll toure, full of patriarches syngyng "Cantate Domino canticum nouum! laus laus eius, in ecclesia sanctorum!" and kest doun quyk briddes, which flawe thikke about þe Kyng. And when he come into Chepe, þe Condites ranne wyne. And on þe gret condit were xij Apposteles, syngyng "Benedic, Anima mea, Domino!" and xij kynges knelyng, castyng doune oblays, and welcomet hym home. And þe cros in Chepe was riolly arrayet like a Castell, with toures pight full of baners, and þer-in Angeles syngyng 'Nowell, nowell!' gyvyng besandes of gold to þe Kyng. And so rode he forth to Paules, where-as mette hym xiiij bisshopes; and al þe belles ronge agaynes hym; and þere he alight and went to þe hye awter. And there þei song "Te Deum laudamus." And from thens he rode forth to his palice at Westmynster; And after, he rode about in the land on pilgremage, and ordeynt be holy Chirch þat Saint George day shuld be kept hye and holy: and so was it neuer before þat day.

¶ In þe iij^de yere of þe reyne of Kyng Henry þe vte, Segewyn, þe Emperoure of Almayn, come in-to Englond, and was right wurshiply receyuet at London with þe Meyre, alderme[n] and craftes, and broughte to þe Kynges paleys at Westmynster, where-as was þe gret hall assignet to hym, which was ryolly hanget with cloþes of gold and of Arras. And euery Angell in þe hall-rof

holdyng a torche in his honde; and iiij angeles at þe hye deece, ich holdyng iiij torches. And þe Kyng gave þe Emperoure þe Gartour. And sone aftir, þe Duyke of Holand come in-to Englond, and was loggit in Holborn, and abode a long tyme in þe lond, on þe Kynges cost; and after, they went home. And þe Kyng went with the Emperoure to Caleys, where-as was a Counseyle; at which Counseyle was both þe Kyng and þe Emperoure, and þer taried to haue ansuare of þe Frenssh party. And thider come the Duyk of Burgoyn; but he wold not come þer til Humfrey, Duyk of Gloucestre, lay plegge for hym. And after, the Emperoure went home in-to his cuntre, and many Englissh men with hym made officers, for he trustid hem better þen his oune nacion. ¶ And when þe Kyng had his ansuare of þe Frensshe party, þat liket hym not, he come in-to Englond ageyn, and ordeynt a gret army.

V.

[From the Capture of Rouen, 19 Jan. 1419, to the Defeat of the Ghent men at Calais, and the Death of Watkin Ruskin, A.D. 1436.]

[Harleian MS. 53 158b] And then þe Kyng entret in-to þe toune of Roane, and hym restit in þe Castell till þe toune was sette in ruyle and in gouernaunce; and after þat, was Caudebek, and oþer garisons þernegh, yolden to þe Kyng vnder the same appoyntement.

¶ Of the trety of pees þat was betwene Kyng Henry of Englond and Kyng Charles of Fraunce; and of þe mariage of Kyng Henry þe V^te and Dame Kateryn, þe Kynges doughter of Fraunce; and so þe pees was made and fynysshit. [Big writing, with red underlines.]

When Kyng Henry of Englond had goton Roane, as before is said, the Dolfyns enbassatores, as it was accordit before— with full power to do al thynges, as he were þere hymself present,— comen to þe Kyng to þe said Cite of Roane; and after many tretise had, thus it was appoyntet: þat a certeyn day sette, þe Dolfyn shuld come to þe toune of Dreux, and Kyng Henry to Aueraunchis, and

þere chese a mene place betwene both assent, where they myghte peasbely tret of þe pees. Which appoyntement truly to be kept, þe Kyng and the said Ambassatoures sette-to þaire seales. at which day þe Kyng come; but þe Dolfyn com not: wherfore þe pees was broke as for that tyme.

¶ In this mene while, Iohn, Duyk of Burgoyn, which had þe ruyle of þe Kyng of Fraunce because of his sekenes, be letteres and ambassatouris sought Kyng Henry grace; and þe Kyng sent Ambassatoures ageyn to Charles, Kyng of Fraunce, and to þe said Duyk, to Province, of which ambassatours þe Erle of Warrewik was chef; and in þe way as he shuld go, lay a gret busshement of Frenshe men, to take hym, and let hym þe way and his purpose; but he slogh and toke the moost party of hem, and come to Province, and purposet his ambassiat. And so was it þere appoyntet and accordit, that Henry of Englond and Charles of Fraunce, with þe Quene his wif, and þe Duyk of Burgoyn, shuld come to a mene place, & trete of þe pees. And to do þis message, þe Erle of Saint Paule, and þe sonne and heire of þe Duyk of Burgoyn, come to þe Kyng as Ambassatours. ¶ Then Kyng Henry of Englond, of þe mater be relacion of Ambassatoures of both partyes, appoyntet with his enmys that, at a certeyn day, he shulde come to Maunt, and Charles, Kyng of Fraunce, and Iohn, Duyk of Burgoyn, shuld come to Pounteys; and þe mene place of this trety should be Melan sus Sayn; to þe which, noþer party shuld come with moo þen M^l v^C men; and in þe mene tyme truyce shulde be on both parties: which mene place was aftirward arayet betwene ij villages, and lymytit and market betwene ij gret diches, where-in no man shuld come, but onely such as shuld trete. And þer þe Kynge tentes were riolly pighte and arrerit, and þe Kynges tentes of Fraunce. And Kyng Henry lete arere ij tentes betwene .ij. diches, where-in both þe Kynges myght trete apart with theire secret Counsaile, and þe astate of boþe Kynges observet and kept. and a stake was pighte in þe myddes of a faire playn, to þe which, and no ferther, eythir Kyng shuld come to oþer. And þe day appoyntet, Kyng Henry come to Maunt, And Kyng Charles, because of his acustumet sekenes, came not; but þe Quene his wif, and þe Duke of Burgoyn, with oþer notable prynces of theire

alliaunce, and with M^l v^C men, comen to Pounteys, and aftir, to þe mene place. And Kyng Henry first kisset þe Quene, and þen Dame Kateryn, hir doughter, for at þat tyme þe Kyng sawe hir first. ¶ Then Kyng Henry, þe Quene and hir doughter, and þe Duyk of Burgoyn, with oþer, went into a tent to trete of pees, where they were almost iij dayes; but it toke non ende [Harleian MS. 53 159a] at that tyme.

In that menewhile, the Dolfyn, with letters and messagers, sterid the Duyk of Burgoyn that he, nor non of his, shuld assent to þe pees. And at þe vte nonas of August, in þe which þe said Kynges shuld haue semblet, þe Kyng of Fraunce, þe Quene, þe Duyk of Burgoyn, nor non of hem, come. Wherfor it was openly knawe that þe Frensh party was cause þat the pees was not endit at that tyme.

Then Kyng Henry went vnto Pounteys, and gat it. And sent Thomas his broþer, Duyk of Clarence, with a notable power, to Parise, and gate it, And retournet ageyn to þe Kyng. And þen þe Kyng went to Bokend-villers and Gysours, and gate hem. And whiles this was in doyng, þe Duyk of Burgeyn, þat first sought þe Kynges grace, went to þe Dolfyn to Motreux, vnder sav-condit of comyng and goyng, and þere, by þe said Dolfynn, was traytosely and vnmanly slayne, As he knelit before hym, and after, put in-to a pitte, botit and spurret. ¶ And when Philip, his sonne and his heire, þerof had knawlege, he sought Kyng Henry grace, and become his man. ¶ The same tyme, certeyn ambassatours of Kyng Charles and of þe Duyk of Burgoyn, & of Citiȝyns of Parise, come to Kyng Henry vnto Maunt, to trete of pees; but because the Kyng was so besily occupiet in his werres, and also he supposet þat the Frenshmen were not fully enclynet to þe pees as than, þis trety toke non ende at þat tyme, but aftirward at Roan it was fully fynesshit.

¶ Aftirward, whiles Kyng Henry held his Cristenmas in Roan, the Ambassatours of Kyng Charles and of þe Dukes of Burgoyn come þidir to hym; to whom Kyng Henry sent ageyn Richard, Erle of Warrewik, with oþer wise men, and a notable power of men of armes, wiþ full power to concluyde the pees; and aftir many wise tretise had, pees was on both sides concludit, by þe affinite and wedlok of Kyng Henry and Dame Kateryn,

Kyng Charles doughter. But be-cause certeyn thynges were necessary, for þe which þe presence of both þe Kynges most nedis be had, what for settyng-to of their seales, what for the mariage sewyng, And also Charles was so feblet for age, and oft tymes was vexit with his sekenes. ¶ Thus it was betwene hem appoyntet, þat Kyng Henry shuld come at a day lymyt, vnder truyce, with suche puysshaunce as hym liket, to Nogent vpon Sayn, to perfourm fynally al thyng that to þe pees was nedfull; and if he come not, al thyng shuld be had as for noughte. Aftir this appoyntement þus made, þe Erle retournet to þe Kyng, notifying vnto hym in writyng al þe affecte of his enbassiat. ¶ Then þe Kyng from thens went to Nogent; and þer mette with hym Philipe, Duyk of Burgoyn, with a gret company of men of Armes. Then, after many and diuerse tretise, þe xij^te kalendes of Iune, þe xl^ti yere of þe regne of Kyng Charles, in þe Cathedrall chirch þer, Kyng Henry, with Thomas, Duyk of Clarance, his broþer, and oþer princes and nobles, and Isabell, Quene of Fraunce, with þe Duyk of Burgoyn beyng þer for Kyng Charles laboryng þen in his forsaid affirmite; and in þeir oune names, and þe iij states of Fraunce, pees betwene þe ij remes of Englond and of Fraunce was made, and with certeyn condicions approvit. And Kyng Charles charget al his legemen, on payn of fforfeture of þaire legeaunce, to kepe þe said pees; And þerto þai mad their gret oth, and plight þeir trouthis in þe handes of Kyng Henry. And onon, Quene Isabell of Fraunce, & Philipe, Duyk of Burgoyn, in þe name of Kyng Charles, swore vppon þe Euangelistes to kepe this pees, þus concludit, for theym, for theire heires, & their successoures, withouten fraude or male engyne, for euermore. And this same othe made Quene Isabell, and the Duyk of Burgoyn, and þe iij states of Fraunce, to Kyng Henry, his heires and his sucessoures. And at the ixte kalendes of Iune, before Quene Isabell and Kyng Charles Counsaile in þe parlement, and þe iij states of Fraunce, and oþer Englisshe prynces and lordes, contracte of Matermony be present wordes, betweene Kyng Henry and Dame Kateryn, Kyng Charles doughter, there was solempnet and made. And as sone as this was enditet in writyng, as it was accordit, Kyng Henry, Kyng Charles, and þe ij Quenes, [Harleian MS. 53 159b] Isabell and Kateryn, and þe Duyk of Burgeyn, went to Saynluys and gate it; and fro thens vnto Melon, and beseget þe toune. and þe seege enduret from þe first Idus of Iuyle vnto

Nouembre aftir. and at that seege, lay with Kyng Henry, Iames, Kyng of Scottes, as presoner. And þei within þe toune suffert gret duresse; but at last, for diffault of vitaile, thei yolde vp the toune. ¶ Then þe Kynges and þe Quenes, and Philipe, Duyk of Burgoyn, with theire hostes, went to Parise; and the Citiȝyns of þe Citee mette with hem in full noble array, and riolly hem receyued. ¶ And at þe viij^te Idus of Ianuare, Kyng Henry and Dame Kateryn comen in-to Englond, and laft at Parise Thomas Beaufort, Duyk of Excestre, his vncle, and Thomas, Duyk of Clarence, his broþer, Regent of Normaundy. And þe xiiij day of Feueryere, þat fell on þe Sonday, Dame Kateryn was crownet at Westemynster with gret solempnyte.

¶ And in this while Thomas, Duyk of Clarence, with oþer certeyn lordes, made a iournay, and lefte at home þe yomanry, but toke with hym gentels and speris; at which iournay he was slayn with þe Scottes, and al þat come with hym; and þe Erle of Huntyngton was þer take, and oþer moo, and þat was gret routh. ¶ And when tithinges þerof come to Kyng Henry, he was sorowfull and hevy, and made hym redy to go ouer see; and at Mydsomer next aftir the coronacion, he went ouer into Fraunce ageyn, and left the Quene in Englond, and gat certeyn garisons þat were rebell, and besegit þe toune of Meux; at which seege tithynges come to þe Kyng þat þe Quene was deliuert of a sonne at Wyndesore þat was clepit Henry. ¶ And whene þe Quene was purifiet, she went ouer into Fraunce to þe Kyng. And after þat Meux was yoldon, Kyng Henry went to Parise, makyng ordynaunce to be-seege þe toune of Cane. And þen a sore and a fervent malady hym toke, and fro day to day hym vexit til he deyed in þe Castell of Bois de Vincent, the last day of August, when þat he had regnet ix yere, v monithis, iij. weekes and iij days; and aftirward he was brought in-to Englond Riolly, and enterid at Westemynster.

[The Accession of Henry VI.]

AFter the noble victoriose prynce, Kyng Henry the v^th, regnet his sonne, Henry the vj^te, that was bore at Wyndesore in the fest of Saint Nycolace the Confessoure, and began to regne in þe age of ix monithes and xv dayes. And to Richard, Erle of

Warrewik, was commyttit þe kepyng of hym, for-as-much he was countet and hold þe best-nurturet man of Englond; and þe Bisshope of Caunterbery and the Bisshope of Wynchester were his godfaders; and þe Duches of Holand was his godmoder; and so forth-with-al he was sette to howsold. and þat same yere þe Duches of Holand was weddit to Humfrey, Duyk of Gloucestre. and the first yere of his regne, dyet Charles, þe Kyng of Fraunce, att Bois de Vyncent, and was entered at Parise, and þe Quene his wif with hym. And þat same yere was one Sir William Tailoure, prest, brent in Smythfeld for heresy.

¶ And þe second yere of his regne, Sir Roger Mortymer, knyght, brak out of þe Toure of London, be counsaile of certeyn persones of þe same Toure, and was tak ageyn on þe Toure-wharf, and after brought to Westmynster: and þere was he iuget to þe deth, and was draw and hanget at Tiburn, and quartert, and his hed set on London Brigge; and his hert and his bowelles were beryet in þe Grey Freris in London, on the north side of þe chirch.

¶ Of the Bataile of Vernull in Perche be Iohn, Duyk of Bedford, and Regent of Fraunce. [Big letters, red underlines.]

In the second yere of þe reyne of Kyng Henry the vj^te abouesaid, Iohn, Duyk of Bedford and Regent of Fraunce, & the Erle of Salisbery; Mountegu, the Erle of Arundell, the Lord Scales, the Lord Poynynges, with þe nombre of xij M^l of Englisshe men, laid seege to Ivory in Normaundy. And whiles they lay att that seege, the Duyk of Launson gadert a gret host of Frensshmen, and Scottes and lumbardes, þe nombre of lij M^l, to rescowe Ivory, and to give bataile to þe said Duyke of Bedford. But when they herd that þe Duyk of Bedforde had with hym xij M^l men, thay lafte Ivory, and come to Vernill in Perche, which was þat tyme in þe handes of Englisshe-men, And the Lord Scales therof beyng capteyn, and was att þe said seege of Ivory. ¶ Then þe Frensshe men chargit þe Englisshe men to delyuer þe toun of Vernill vp to hem, And [Harleian MS. 53 160a] the said Duyke of Bedford and all his power were ouerthrawe and slayn before Ivory. And they of the toun of Vernill wend it had ben trewe, And gave vp þe toune to þe Frenshmen. And þus by this trayn, Vernill was lost, vnknowyng of

the Duyke of Bedford and þe lordes whieh lay att þe said seege of Ivory; neuerþeles at last it was yolden vp to hem. ¶ Then iij Ml. men toke theire leve of the Duyk of Bedford and Regent of Fraunce, and departet from thens hom to their garisons. And they were not passet thens xij lekes, but tithynges come to þe Duyk how þe Frensshe had geten Vernyll, and were therin. Wherfore he onon, with þe Erle of Salesbery, Mountegu, þe Erle of Arundell, þe Lord Scalis, and þe Lord Poynynges, with ix M^l Englisshe men, retournet to Vernyll, and toke thair feld a myle from the toune, to gyve the Frensshe men bataile; but þe Frensshe men nor þe Scottes wold not beleve þat the English men wold feight with hem, for they had redy knowlege þat iij M^l men were gon hom to their garisons, and þey were but ix M^l men, and they were lij M^l: notwithstondyng, a day of batail was sett. ¶ Then oure Englisshe men pichet theire stakes; and on þe day of batail when þai shuld feight, they knelit doune and kissit the ground; and þen the Duyke of Bedford bade 'auaunt baner!' And so they Ioynet to-gedris and faughte; and the Duyk of Bedford faughte þat day manfully with his oune hondis. And whilis they were besy feightyng, the Lumbardes of þe Frensshe host comen behynde the batail of þe Englisshe men, and slowe theire pages, and went away with thaire horses. And on Yong, an Englisshe Capteyn, fledde away with vc men in his felissh[ip]e, and told how Englisshe men had lost the feld; which was aftir taken, and was hanget, drawe and quartert, as he was wele wurthy; for God fortunet so, that þe Duyke of Bedford had the vi[c]tory and the felde of his enmyse, and put þe Frennshe men to the flight, and chasit hem to þe toune dikes of Vernyll, where-as many of hem were drownet. And when þey retournet agayn to the bataile, thay fand þe Scottes feghtyng still with þe Erle of Salisbery whiles þei were folowyng þe chase of the Frensshe men. And so then onon þe Scottes were all discomfit and slayne, þe Englissh men cryynge "A Clarens, A clarans!" for cause þe Scottes before that tyme [ferede] þe Duyk of Clarans. ¶ And the[s] were þe names of þe lordes, knyȝtes and swyers, and men of name of þe Scottes þat were slayne in þat batail: that is to say,

The Erle Douglas, þat was att þe bataile of Shrewisbery new made Duyke of Turreyn,

The Erle of Bugham,	Sir Gauter Lynnesey,
Iames Douglas,	Alexander Hume,
The Lord Sauyton,	Adam Dalgleis,
The Lord Dondas,	Alexandre Stuard,
Sir William of Seton,	Iames Lunieston,
Sir Thomas of Murray,	Robert Serand,
Sir Gye Ferard,	Andrewe Murray,
Sir Iohn Saintclere,	Thomas Grenston,
Sir Archbald Goumerston	Huchon Candy,
Sir Gauter Berton,	Dauid Murray.

¶ And many oþer Scottes moo of gentilmen, and þe men were there slayne that ben not namet here.

¶ And þes ben þe names of þe lordes and men of name of þe Frensshe men that were slayne in þat same bataill before the toun of Vernyll in Perche: that is for to say:

The Erle of Daumall, [col. 1]	Sir Lowis de Trye,
The Erle Bendtadom,	Sir Charles de Guesines,
The Erle Romier,	Sir Iohn de Murrak,
The Erle Daubinall,	Sir Gyles Deschavile,
The Lord Manny,	Sir Iohn Bonnestableȝ,
The Lord Gravile,	Sir Giles de Camegeȝ,
The Lord Flenogin,	Sir Boit de Turnbun,
[Harleian MS. 53 160b] The Lord Mountenay,	Sir Tristrem Coiseron,
The Lord Camelhart,	Sir Charles Desneuall,
The Lord Chargeron,	Sir Robert de Layre,
The Lord Mesilate,	Sir Charles de Bruyne,
The Lord Dauterme,	Sir Iohn Poyngaunt,
The Lord de la Frait,	Sir Peris de Bellay,
The Lorde de Cathemageȝ,	Sir Peris Botterell
The Lord de le Forge,	And his brother,
The Lord de Bellay,	Sir Fraunceis de Gryngoux,
The Lord de le Champayn,	Sir Emery de la Grissill,
The Lord Gamageȝ,	Sir Prunele Fraunceis,
The Lord Dassail Roboule,	Marshall de la Fait,
The Vicont of Nerborn,	Peris de Guyssay,

Peris de Trusselleȝ,	Heton de Guesmeȝ,
Robynet de Cleremount,	Geffrey Paillam,
Lowis de Osternard,	Regnaulton Grenault,
Colvile le Vicont,	Godffray de Soubres,
Druet Desson,	Hewe de Beaussault,
Geffray de la Gressill,	Le Camus de Frisendy,
Andrewe Poyngaunt,	Guylliam Remon de la Maiser,
Iohn de Tonevile,	Lowis de Bagard,
Moriard de la Mote,	Peron de Luppe,
Iohn Frere,	Ion de Puche.
Iohn de la Famruner,

Thes were þe names of lordes, knyghtes, squiers, and gentilmen of name þat were slayn in þe said bataile, of frensshmen, and many oþer moo þat ar not here namet. And the nombre of al þe Frensshemen and Scottes that were slayn in þat batail, be herawdes accompted, xij M^l v^C xxx, with hem þat were drounet in þe dikes of Vernyll. ¶ And thes were the names of hem þat were taken prisoners: The Duyke of Launson, Iohn Boutevile, Sir Peris Henson, Vidain Lannoye. ¶ And when þis batail was don and þe Englissh men had þe victory, they lovid and thanket God gretely of his grace, And forthwith went to þe toun of Vernyll, which was onon deliuert vpe to hem, and had all þe stuff that þe Frensshmen ther-in hade. And þen went þe Duyke of Bedford and Regent of Fraunce peasably to Roon, thankyng God of þat victoriose battaile.

¶ In the iij^de yere of þe Regne of Kyng Henry þe vj^te, the Prince of Portyngale come in-to Englond; which was of þe Kyng and þe lordes wurshiply receyuet. And aftirward, at Saynt George Fest att Wyndesore, the said Prince was made Knyght of þe Garture. ¶ In the iiij^te yere of his regne þer fill a gret discord betwene Humfrey, Duyke of Gloucester, and Henry, Bisshope of Wynchester; wherfore the Comyns of London aros with þe said Duyke, which lay þat tyme at his oun place at Baynardes Castell, ageynes þe saide bisshope, which lay þat tyme in his place besides saynt Mary-ouerheis in Suthwerk. but the Prince of Portyngale, beyng that tyme in Englond, labourt so betwene hem, as God

wold, to kepe þe pees; wherthurghe þere was non harme done,— thanket be God!— And so were the comyns of London pesite. And þat same yere come Iohn, Duyk of Bedford and Regent of Fraunce, in-to Englond, with þe Duches his wif, þat was the suster of Philipe, Duyke of Burgoyn; and was full rially receuet of þe Maire and of þe Citiȝins of London.

¶ In the vte yere of his regne a parlement was holden att Leycestre; att which parlement the Duyke of Bedford made [Harleian MS. 53 161a] yong Kyng Henry the Sixt, knyghte; and xxiiij knyghtes were made with hym. And when þe Kyng wes made knyght, he made with his oune handes other xxiiij knyghtes. And att þat parlement were made many statutes and ordynaunces, and many newe officers. And in þat same yere there was one William Wawe, an Outlawe, taken out of þe sayntuary of the Abbey of Bewley, and broughte to London to the Kynges-benche, and after, to Westemynster, and was þere dampnet, and had into Southwert, and sette in a cart, and was broughte so thrughe-out London, and so forth to Tyburn, and þer was hanget; And after, his hed smytten of and sette on London Brigge.

¶ In the vjte yere of his regne, Herry, Bisshope of Winchester, went ouer see to Caleys, and so forth to Rome, where-as þe Pope hym made Cardynall, and gave to hym þe cros, to be born before hym alway where he went; but it was afterward taken away and laide doun by commaundement of þe Pope, for cause he shulde haue comyn into Praage with a certeyn nomber of men of were, whiche cuntre was out of beleue of Christen faith. but he failet his promyse, and come not there, but changet his purpos for þe wele and þe worshipe of al the Reame of Englond, and went into Normaundy with a notable meyny of Archers, the best þat couth be geton in eury place of Englond for ix^d on þe day, euery archer ij or iij bawes in a cace. And so, by his comyng theder, was savid all that lande; and elles þat tyme it shuld haue ben lost. ¶ Then afterward, he come ageyn into Englond, and was there wurshiply receyvide with the Meire, Aldermen, and craftes of London, and brought so forthe to Westemynster, and lay þer in the Abbottes place within the Abbay. ¶ In the vij^te yere of his regne þer was a great derth of corne. for a busshell of whete was at iijs sterling; and all oþer cornes were dere þat yere.

How Kyng Henry the VIte was crownet att Westemynster; And after, be counseil of his lordis of Engelond, was crownet Kyng of Fraunce att Paryse. [Underlined with red.]

IN the viij^te yere of the regn of the said Kyng Henry the vjte, he was crownet at Westemynster in Nouembre, on Saynt Lethenardes day; and on þe nyghte before, he made xxiiij^ti Knyghtes of the Bath in þe Toure of London, which rode before hym on the morowe, al in blewe, toward his coronacion, to his paleis att Westemynster. Att which coronacion was gret rialte seyn; for al þe condites in Chepe ranne both of rede wyn and white; and the condite Also in þe palice of Westemynster rann with rede wyn; take therof, who-so wolde. And þat same yere, sone after, he went ouer see into Fraunce with a faire felesshipe of dukes, erlis and barons, in the monythe of May, and with the nombre of iiij M^l men, and landet att Caleis, and went so forth be londe thrughe Pikardy to Roane, where-as he was righte Rially recevid and welcomet. ¶ In the ix^te yere of his regne, the Erle of Perch, the Erle of Morteyn, the Lorde Fitz-Hewe, and þe Lord of Audelay, shippit att Sandewiche with iiij M^l men, and landet att Caleis, and went so forth thrughe Picardy to Roane. And onon after, Henry, Cardinall, Bisshope of Wynchester, the Lord Clynton and Sir Thomas Donstable, shippit then att Portesmouthe, and sailet so to Kittecaux, Harflewe, and to Roane. ¶ And in þe x yere of his regne he was crownet att Paris, Kyng of Fraunce, on oure Lady day þe Conception, in Decembre; where-as was hold as riall a fest as euer was had of eny kyng. And in þat same yere was Louers geton, & the [Harleian MS. 53 161b] walles beton doun, and made an open village, for all maner of pepill, both Englisshe and Frensshe.

And þat same yere the Kynge come to Caleys out of Fraunce, and shippit there, and londet att Dovir, and was wurshiply receyuet with the barons of the v portes. And so was he brought forth vnto London, and receyuet by þe Meire and Aldermen, the first day of Marche; and so broughte to Eltham: And ich crafte of Londen had his liuerey braudert, that euery crafte myght be knowen from othir. ¶ In the xj yere of his regne, the Duches of Bedford, þat was that tyme clepit Madame Regent, and

suster to the Duyk of Burgoyn, dyet att Roan; whos deth turnett Englissh men aftirward to much trouble; for al þe whiles þat she was on lyue, hir brothir, Duyk of Burgoyn, was euer holdyng vppon the Englisshe party; but sone after þat she was ded, his hert was cast clene away from Englisshe men, and turnet to þe Frensshe party, and become enmy to Engelond, as ye shall here aftirward. ¶ In the xij^te yere of his regne, the Duyk of Bedford and Regent of Fraunce weddit the doughter of the Erle of Saynt Paule, a faire lady. And þat same yere fill a gret discord betwene Sir William Oldhall, Knyghte, Leotenaunt of Caleys vnder þe said Duyke, and sawdiers of Caleys, for askyng of þaire wages; where þe said sawdioures were to-gedirs sworn, and kept hym out of the toune, and wold not suffere hym to come with-in, notwithstondy[ng] his wiff beyng within the toun. And so went he then to Roan, and compleynet hym to þe Duyk of Bedford, and capteyn of þe said toun, Caleis, and made hym hevy lord toward þe said sawdioures; in so much þat he come doun out of Normaundy, with his lady þe Duches, the Erle of Saint Paules doughter, and þe Bisshope of Tirrewyn her vncle, and Sir William Oldhall his leotenaunt, to þe Castell of Balyngham, a myle from þe toune of Arde. And there he lay vnto Richard Bukkeland, Tresourer of Caleis, and Capteyn of the said Castell of Balyngham, had entretid þe saudiours of Caleis, and aggreyt with hem, and gyven hem obligacions of customs. And when he had made agrement with hem, the Duyke and Capteyn come in Peasably to Caleis, with his lady the Duches, her vncle, and Sir William Oldhall his leotenaunt, and was riȝt wurchiply recevid of þe burgeis, marchaundes, and sawdioures, and brought to þe Castell with al the Sawdioures of þe toune.

¶ On þe next morawe after, he sent for þe porters, and for þe keys of al þe gates of the toune, into þe Castell. And after sent forth sergeauntes, and arestit dyuers Constables and vinteners, and putte some in prison in the Castell, and some in the Marshall prison; and made onon also to Arest all the obligacions of Custome that couth be founden in eny Saudiours handes, and toke hem fro hem. ¶ And after, made Richard Veere, þat tyme beyng Meire, to

gyue Iugement on iiij Soudeoures to be hedyt vnder þe pillery; for the which was made gret mone amonges the pepill. And after, he come to the toune hall hym self, and sate there with þe Maire, and þe Kynges swerd beyng þer present, and hade al the saudioures of þe toun before hym. And al þat were billet, stoode before hym vngird; at whiche tyme iiij^xx were banshit, and al their wages forfette. And they stode on þe lifte syde; and al þat abode within the toun stode on þe right syde; but a gret part [Harleian MS. 53 162a] of hem were putte out of wages, and lost al that hem was owyng. And when al this was done, he went to Roan ageyn with his lady the Duches, and had neuer after bodily hele till he dyet.

¶ Of the trety of Arras, and howe the Duyke of Burgoyn turnet to the Frensshe party; and howe he laide Seege to Caleis, And howe he withdroughe hym in-to Flaundres or þat Ony rescous come, in the nyghte.

IN the xiij^the yere of the regne of Kyng Henry the vjte, was the grettest froste that was in many a day before; for it began vppon Saynt Kateryn even, and lastit to þe iiij^te day of Marche, the space of xvj wekes. And Temmes þat tyme was so sore frosen, that the vintage of Burdeux went ouer Shoters Hill: for þe shippis with wyne myght come no nerre then Sandewiche. and þat froste þat tyme distroyet oisters, and muskelles, and fresshe-water fissh, thrugh þe moost party of Englond. ¶ In þat same yere was þe trety of Arras betwene the Kyng of Englond, Henry the vj^te, And Philipe, Duyke of Burgoyn; and Charles de Valoice, Dolfyn of Fraunce, that tyme beyng there in enbasshat for þe Kyng of Englond, Henry, Cardynall of Englond, Bisshope of Wynchester, Iohn Kempe, Erchbisshope of York, Iohn, Erle of Huntyngton; Pole, Erle of Suffolk, Prevey Seale, Sir Waulter Hongerford, Sir Iohn Poppahm, with a faire feleshipe with hem, to þe nomber of viijC men. att which trety, þai wold the Kyng of Englond shuld have putte out þe floure de lice out of his Armes; and many oþer thynges was spoken of; but to say shortly, þei couth not accord; wherfore they departit thens, and come home ageyn into Englonde. but thay of þe toun of Popperyng in Flaundres demenet hem vngentilly, and entretid hym vnmanerly as he come rydyng

thrughe the toun from the saide trety of Arras; wherfore he was sore amovid and grevid with hem, for they made his men to bere out of toune þeyr horses dong, mawegre their tetter; neuerþeles he suffirt it, and rode on his way; but he quytte hem that foule and gret dispite, as ye shall here afterwardes.

¶ Then, as sone as thenbassetoures were departet from Arras, and home, the Dolfyn and the Duyke of Burgoyn were accordet, and made att one for deth of the Duyk of Burgoyns fader, þat was slayn att Muttereux by þe same Dolfyn; and þerwith endit all that trety. And then onon after, þe Duyk tok in-to his handes Abvyle and Amyas, and oþer tounes and Castelles; and after, by a kyng of heroudes, he sent the Kynges lyueray to Caleis, [and, by] the counsail of his lordes and hem of Flaundres, he made redy his ordynaunce and his pepill, to come and lay seege to Caleis. And þe Flemmynges were þen so proude and hawteyn þat they sette by none Englisshe men, but hem hade in gret despite, thrughe-out all Flaundres. And grete noice þere was of comyng of þe seege; neuerþeles Marchaundes yette went al this while into Flaundres to and fro, but thai hade evill chere in al plases. And they of Brigges made payntet clothes, howe þe Flemmynges were att seege att Caleis, and howe þai wann þe toune; and hanget out Englisshe men by the helis out at lopes: and well was hym þat myght by of þes clothes! And þai made entirledes and plaies in Brigges, of þe Cardynall of Wynchester And of the Dolfyn, of thaire purposyng and Ansuaryng att the trety of Arras, And all in dispite and hoker of Englissh men; thei were so glad and fayn þat they shuld lay seege to Caleis, and wynne the wulles of þe staple of Caleis, and to departe it amonges hem; And bostet and said þat þe steevan Caleis was but a [Harleian MS. 53 162b] male tyde, þat is to say, A mele tyde; And mony othir scornefull wordes thai had that tyme Amonges hem. And that same yere, in þe heryng tyme, þere come iij C botes out of Normaundy to Caleis on fisshyng fare, as they were wont ich yere; and euery bote hade in xvj men. and they come as ffisshers, and in ffisshers clothyng; but a gret part of hem were men of werre, and had cast to haue geton þe toune. but att last, as God wolde, the[y] were aspiet by their fyne smale shirtes and by

their poyntes; wherfore Richarde Woodvile, Squyer, leotenaunt of þe said toun of Caleis vnder the Duyke of Bedford, charget euery souldioure to bere his staff in his hand, as wele in þe cherche and att sacryng tyme as in þe market, and not to leve stondyng att þe chirch durre, as they were wont to do; and so thaie bare thaire stavis in þeire handes in þe chirch, and ouer al. Then the Frensshe men vnderstood wele þat they were aspiet, and sawe wele þey couth not brynge theire entent nor purpos about; And wenth their way out of Caleis hauen in a tide, and went streight to þe toune of Deepe, and come in þere as ffisshers, and so gate þe toun. And in þat same yere dyet the Duyke of Bedford in Roan, on Holy-Rode even in May, which had layn longe seeke; for whos deth was made muche mone amonges Englisshe men that were þat tyme in Normaundy; for as long as he levit, he was doutet and dred amonges the Frenssh men.

¶ In the xiiij yere of the regn of þe said Henry the vj^te, Humfrey, Duyke of Gloucester, Protectour and Deffendour of Englond, was made Capteyn of Caleis; and he was Capteyn of Guysnes before that tyme; And so he was both Capteyn of Caleis and of Guysnes. And he made Sir Iohn Radcliffe his Leotenaunt of Caleis, and sent hym thedir; which was a wurshipfull knyȝt, and was welbelouet amonges þe sawdiours there: for he kept and helde A gud and open housold to who þat wolde come, and welcome. ¶ Then come tithynges ich day more and more of þe seege comyng to Caleis. Then Sir John Radecliff, þe Leotenaunt of þe toune, Robert Clidrowe þe Meyre, and Thomas Thirland, Leotenaunt of þe staple of Caleis, with þe sawdioures, marchaundes, and burgeses and comyners, kest vp a faire brode dike on þe south side of the toune, and made iij stronge bullwerkes of erthe and cley, one att þe corner of þe Castell with-out þe toun, anoþer att Bulleyn gate, and anoþer att þe postern be þe Princes Inne; And att Mylke gate was a faire bulwerk made of breke, þat Richard Woodevile had do make or he was discharget of his leotenauntshippe. And þai fortifiet þe walles, toures, and dikes on ich a side of the toune, with-in and without, And dresset theire lopes and theire gunnes to shote both hye and lawe. And the vj Castell in the Marcheȝ þere þat Englisshe men were in hem, fortifiet as strongely as they couthe, that is to say,

the Castell of Guysnes, the Castell of Balyngham, the Castell of Hammes, the Castell of Sandgat, the Castell of Marke, and the Castell of Oye. And Sir Iohn Radcliff, Leotenaunt, warnet and charget al þe cuntre þat was of þe Englisshe pale, [þat þey] shuld come and bring a[l] thaire goodes, and breke doun theire houses; and so, many of hem did, many of hem stale away, some into Picardy and some into Flaundres. And þere was a cry made in þe market-place of Caleis, þat al maner of men beyng in Caleis, or lyvyng vnder bill vnsworn, þat they shuld come to þe toune-hall, and there to be sworn the Kynges trewe leege men; And þai that wold not be sworn, to take þeire goodes and go theire way where þay wold. And so þere come many, and were there sworn; and many went theire way into Flaundres, and wold not be sworn. ¶ And on Saynt George day, Sir Iohn Radcliff sent word prevely to þe Daywach of þe toune in þe nonetyme to rynge [Harleian MS. 53 163a] out the larom bell, vnwetyng to the sawdioures of þe toune. And so þer was a grete Alarom, and saudioures were onon in thaire harneys, and comyners with hem, And wende þat enmys hade comen to haue fechet the bestys þat were pasteryng about the toun; but þere was non; for Sir Iohn Radclif did it for a sport, because it was Saint George day; And for þat he wolde se howe saudioures wold bokkell and dresse hem to þeire harneys.

¶ And sone afterward, Edmond, Erle of Morteyn, and the Lord Camys, Sir William of Asshton, knyghte, And Sir Geffrey Werburton, knyghte, shuld haue shippit att Wynchilsey to haue gon into Fraunce with the nomber of iij M^l men of speres and Archers; but because there was so gret a noys of þe seege comynge to Caleis, þei were contirmaundit be þe Kyng and þe Duyke of Gloucestre to go thider, and strenghe þe toun till rescous myght be had. And so went þe Erle with his Armee to Caleis. ¶ Then Humfrey, Duyke of Gloucestre, Protectoure and Deffendoure of Englond, and Capteyn of Caleis and of Guysnes, send for al þe lordes of the Reame, both spirituell and temperell, and for al his feede men, and desired of hem an eyde for þe rescowe of þe saide toune of Caleis. And þe lordes temperall hym graunted to go with hym hem-self in propur person, and fynde a certeyn meyny with hem vppon þeire oune cost; And bisshoppis, Abottes and priours also graunted to fynde a certeyn meyny to go with hym And al

his feede men hym graunted eke to go with hym And he thonket all. And then was it criet in al þe port tounes and haven tounes in Englond, þat al maner shippis þat were able to saile be þe see shuld come into Sandewich haven be a certeyn day; and so thei were þe nomber of ij^C sailes and moo. ¶ Philipe, Duyke of Burgoyn, made hym redy, and the Flemmynges, al this while, and toke dyuerse marchaundes prisoners, as they come homward out of Flaundres to Caleis, and specially they of Dunkirke. And when þe Erle of Morteyn was comyn with his Armee to Caleis, as before is saide, he made a iournay of Bulleyn, xx^ti myle from Caleis, and brent the subbarbes of þe toune, and come to Caleis ageyn on þe next day after, vnfoghten withe, and broughte with hem þaire pray of bestes and theire pillage. And onon after, he made anothir iournay in-to West Flaundres, to a place clepit þe Lawe. And whiles they ryfelt and spoilet that cuntre, and praiet in catell, al þat cuntre gedert, and dome doune to Gravenyng, to mete with hym there. And when þe Erle and his meyny come dryvyng theire pray of bestes before hem, on þe sandes betwene þe toune of Gravenyng and þe see, thay issuet out of þe toune prudly, and faught with hym; but þai were sone discomfit, & slayn of hem iiij^C and moo: then thai fledde in-to þe toun, and þe Englyshe men hem foloet, and toke many prisoners. And þer was an Englisshe man, a gentill man, and a spere on horsebake, folowet þe chase of hem right to þe hard gates of þe toun, so nere that his hors bare hym into þe toun of Gravenyng, wheder he wold or no; which after ward was delyuert be raunson. ¶ The Erle þen, with his pepill, drove ouer þe havon of Gravenyng thaire pray of bestes, att lowe water, in spite of al þe Flemmynges, and brought hem with al thaire prisoners to Caleis, and lost neuer a man; thonket be God! and þai brought so gret plente of Cowes with hem, þat a man myght haue þe best melche cowe þat was, for xij^d sterlyng. ¶ And when þe Kyng and þe lordes had tithynges of þis iournay of Gravenyng, the Kyng sent to þe saide Erle of Morteyn to Caleis, the Gartur. And onon aftirward, the Lord Camys, Sire William Asshton, And Sir Geffrey Weckton, with þe garnyson of Caleis and of Guysnes, made þe iij^de iournay, both of horsemen and [Harleian MS. 53 163b] footemen, and rode before the toune of Arde, and ryfelt all the cuntre about þe said toun. And in the mene while, Sire Robert Savois, Capteyn

of Fynes, had gedirt of Pykardes to þe nombre of iiij M^l speris on horsbake, And laide hem pryvely in Campe Grove besides the Castell of Balyngham. And when þe Lord Camoys with his peple was comyng homward in the feldes be-syde the said grove, the[i] stert iij hares, and þerwith þay gave a gret showte; And so both horsemen and footemen, with huntyng of hem, were stragelt abrode ouer all þe feldys, and were al out of array, and wist nothyng of þe Pikardes þat lay in þe grove besides hem, but euer still showtet and huntet after þe hares, which were att last slayn amonges hem. ¶ And as þay were so stragelt and out of Array, the Pikardes sodeynly brake out of þe Grove, and rode thrughe oure meyny, in and out agayn, and smote doun many fotemen. and þen, many of oure horsemen, seyng this, fledde to þe Castell of Balyngham; but the Lord Camoys and þes ij knyghtes kept þe feld; And as God wold, the fote-mene relevid ageyn to þe standart, And, þe horse-men also, And sett frely on þe Pikardes, and hem discomfyt, and slowe many of hem, and drof hem to the gates of Arde, where-as one Lucas, a squyer, folowet hens within theire barreers, and was slayn; for whome was made much mone. And þus,—thonket be God!—þe Lord Camoys had þe victory of his enmys, þe Pikardes, in a feld callet þe Golden Dale, besidde þe Castell of Balyngham, And come to Caleys, with þeir pray.

¶ Onon after, the Duke of Burgoyn, Phelipe, was redy, and come doune to Gravenyng with his ordynaunce, and Flemmynges, þe nombre of an CL M^l, and xij M^l cartes; and ich cart had his cokke to crawe amonges the host. ¶ Then þai made a brigge ouer þe water of Gravenyng, into a place callet þe Hoke, þat was partenyng to þe saide Duyke. And so come þey ouer, and shewet hem before þe Castell of Oye, and sent to Nicolas Horton, squier, and Capteyn of þe same Castell, an heraude, chargyng hym to delyuer vp þe Castell. And he sent hym worde agayn, and said he toke hym non to kepe; nor non he wold delyuer: Neuerþeles, afterward, by a fals trety, þai had hym out of þe Castell to come speke with þe Duyk. And in þe mene while þe Castell was wonnen by a grate of Iron, þat was lafte open in þe buttery, where-as a gune lay whiles þe saudiers were in þe hall aboven, tretyng of a poyntement with an heraud of þe said Duykes; And sodeynly þe Flemmynges come in, and toke hem in þe hall, and

hanget lvj on þe gallows vnder þe Castell, without eny pite, And slowe al þe remenaunt, except Nicolas Horton, Capiteyn of þe said Castell, and one William Bullion, Constable, And William Bullion, his cosyn: thes iij were prisoners, but Nicolas Horton þe Capteyn was long afterward raunsonet, and come home in-to Englond; And þe Constable dyet in prison for sorowe; And his cosyn William Bullyon was so beknowe and welebelouet with þe Pikardes, þat thay gave hym his raunson, and lete hym go where he wold, so þat he shuld go to Caleys, and espy when þe Duyk of Gloucester shuld come ouer with his Navey from Sandewich, And sende hem worde. ¶ When this William Bullyon come to Caleis, þe pepill had gret mervaile þat he was letton go without paying of eny rownson; wherfore Edmond, Erle of Morteyn, made to arest hym, and put hym in prison, and bare hym on hond þat he was a spy. And þer he knowlegit þat he promyset hem to give hem warnyng of þe comyng of þe Duyk of Glouceister, because of his deliueraunce, but he sware he thoughte neuer to haue warnet hem; neuertheles, for þat he was broughte vnder þe pillery in þe market of Caleis, and there his hed&;t; was gird of: for whome muche mone was made, for he was a gud Archer.

¶ When þe Flemmynges had þus wonnen þe Castell of Oy be a trayne, as before is said, which was on Saynt Petirs even in Iuyne, thai brake vp al þe lede of the halle and of þe toures, and brent vp euery stykke; And after, vndermynet þe walles and [Harleian MS. 53 164a] þe toures, and sette shores vndernethe, And after, sette þe same shores on fyre, and brent hem, and so lete þe walles and toures fall doune into þe dikes. ¶ Then, þe second day of Iuyle, the Flemmynges laide seege to þe Castell of Mark, þat was next þe Castell of Oye; but þe Erle of Morteyn had sent thider before, Christofer of Barton, squyer, with a certeyn felesshipe with hym, to helpe to strenghe þe Castell. ¶ The Flemmynges laid þeire gonnes to þe walles, & beete doun þe vawmures and þe walles, and gave þe Englisshe men with-in many stronge assawtes; and they manfully hem diffendit, and beet hem of, and fortifiet þe walles ageyn with tymbre and donge, & with such thyng as they had within hem, And kept it be strenghe vj dais. And when þay sawe þai couth haue no rescowe, thay gave it ouer, and yolde

hemself prisoners. ¶ Then þe Flemmynges spoilet þe Castell, and brake of al þe lede, and brent it, and vndermynet þe walles and toures, and sette shores þer-vnder; and after brent hem, and lete þe walles and toures fall into þe dike, as þai hade done þe Castell of Oye. ¶ Then, þe ixte day of Iuyle, In þe yere of oure Lord Ihesu Crist M^l iiij^C xxxvj, Philipe, Duyk of Burgoyn, with þe Flemmynges, come to Caleis, and laid seege þerto be land, and pight his tentis before þe toune, on þe playne of Saint Peters, a myle nere out of þe toun. And þe Duyk hym-self lay a litill from Newname brigge, And þai of Gaunt beside hym, And þey of Brugges, with þe comyntee of Flaundres, lay besides Saynt Peters Chirche. but the Duyke lay not þere but ij days, but þat he remeved from thens, and al þe Gaunteners with hym, to þe Est ende of þe toun, And þere he pichet his tentes; for he wold ly no lenger att þe west ende of þe toun, for cause a gune shotte thrugh his tent. And then þei of Gaunt onon made a strong bulwerk on an high hill of þe downe, of pipis & tymber, betweene þaire loggynges and þe toun, and shott gunnes in-to þe toun; and many tymes þai shot al ouer þe toun; but al þeire gunshot did neuer harm, thanket be God and þe Holy Virgyn Saint Barbara! ¶ In þe mene whiles, whil þe Duyke lay att seege at Caleis, with þe Flemmynges, Sir Robert Savois, knyght, with iiij M^l Picardes, come before þe Castell of Balyngham. And one Richard Sellyng, beyng þerof leotenaunt vnder Richard Bokelond, Squier, and Capteyn of þe same Castell which Richard Sellyng gave ouer þat Castell shamefully, without eny stroke, vppon apoyntement to go to þe Castell of Guysnes in thaire doublettes; and so thai did; and lafte al theire goodes, and þe stuff of þe Castell behynde hem, which was þe best-stuffet place in al þoo marches.

And when Richard Sellyng come þus to Guysnes with his feleshippe, William Picton, Leotenaunt of Guysnes vnder Humfrey, Duyke of Gloucester, putte hym in prison in þe said Castell of Guysnes. And when þe Picardes had þis Castell, þe[i] spoilet it, and brake of þe lede, and brant al þe place, and vndermynet þe walles and toures, and lete hem fall in þe dike, as the Flemmynges hade done with þe Castelles of Oye and Mark. ¶ Then þe Picardes come before þe Castell of Guysnes, and laide seege þerto, and

broughte with hem a gret brasen gune of Dogeon, with iij chambers, and ij othir grete gunnes of Iron callet bumbardes; and þaye laide þe brasen gune in A seller of þe toune of Guysnes, on þe dikeside of þe Castell, and shotte att a ward next a toure callet þe Faanetoure, and brake it doune in-to þe dike. but William Picton, Leotenaunt of þe Castell, with his felesshipe with-in, full manfully and discretely hym gidet, and it fortifiet ageyn with tymber and dong. ¶ And in this while, anoþer meyny of Picardes come before þe Castell of Sandgate, and bade hem deliuer vp þe Castell for þai said all oþer Castelles were gyven ouer. Wherfore Sir Thomas Knevet, [that] was sent thidir with A crewe, and made þerof leotenaunt be þe Kyng, Wist not what for to do; And so, [Harleian MS. 53 164b] by þe counsaile of one Sir Thomas Heneley, Preest, A traitour, he gave vp þe Castell of Sandgate, shamefully and cowardly, with-oute eny stroke, and hym-self and all þat were with-in þe Castell, prisoners, except þe fals preest, which was letton go where he wold; but he went vp into Fraunce, and neuer man wist after where þat he become. ¶ And when þai had þe Castell þai brake doun þe lede, and sette fyre on al þe place, and vndermynet þe walles; but þe Dongeon was so strong, þay couth not vndermyne it, but brake it a litill abouen; and so þey lefte it, and lete it stande.

¶ Philipe, Duyk of Burgoyn, lay still all this while, with his host of Flemmynges, before Caleis; and þei of þe toune had letten in the see, and drownet al þe cuntre about hem. And ich day þai of þe toune and þe Flemmynges skarmysshet to-gedirs. And when þai had leyn þer xiiij daies, þe Duyke lete ordeyn .xx. shippis out of Flaundres, wherof vj old shippes were lade with hard ston, chalke, and brekes masont in hem with morter, to droune hem in þe haven of Caleis, þat no shippis shuld come þer-in. And when it was full see, about none, þey bulgit hem, some in þe havenmouthe, and some be-sides the haven, to no purpos; for þei durst not tary, nor þei had no gret leysere to droun hem, for fere of gun-shotte; And so þei went þeire way ageyn and on þe next day after, at lawe water, wel was hym of þe toun þat myght bring an Ax to breke þe shippis; and so þai did, al to peces, and broughte hem in-to toune, and refresshid wele þe pouer pepil; and al þe brekstones were gyven to Saynt Mary Chirch; and so were þai al cariet in-to toun. And whilis þis in doyng .I. thowsand

Flemmynges stoden on þe downes and beheld it, and were full sory in þeire hertes, and were full gretely þerwith abasshit; for þai had wend þer shuld no shippis haue comen in þe haven afterward. ¶ Sone after þat, it fell þat they of Brugges that lay at Saint Petirs, come from þeire tentes doun to Bulleyngate ward, some with pavis, and some with crossebawes, a grete meyny stragelynge. And þei of þe toune ordeynt speres on horsebakke prevely in Bulleyngat bulwerk, so þat they were not seyn; and sent out certeyn fotemen to scarmysshe with hem, til þey sawe theyre tyme to breke out on hem. And when þe horsemen sawe þaire tyme, þei sodenly prikkit to hem; and þen þe Flemmynges fledde to þe tentes; but or þai couth come there, þai were ouerthrawen, and brought in-to þe toune, xxxvj^ti of hem prisoners; and þe host with-in þe tentes fled out at þe est side, and wend al þe worlde had comyn on hem: And þis was on a Thursday; wherfore þe Flemmynges it clepit the 'Quade Thursdagh.' ¶ When þis Iourney wes done vppon hem þat were of Brugges, and of þe comynte of Flaundres, the Gaunteners þat lay with þe Duyke at þe est ende of þe toune, loghe hem to scorn; for þe which fill a gret debate amonges hem, and faught with-in hem-self, so þat noþer party come to othir after þat tyme. ¶ And on þe Setirday sevennyght, & ij daies afterward, they of þe toune of Caleis, certeyn horsemen & fotemen, Issuyt out sodenly on þe afternoone, and went streight to theire bullewerk on the hye hill in þe dounes, and manfully it wanne and toke, and slowe al þat euer were in hit, and brake doune þe bullewerk, and went hamward with þeir prisoners; but þe Erle of Morteyn mette hem without þe toune, and made to sle al þe prisoners, for cause of one Watkyn Ruskyn, a gentill man and a gud spere, was slayn at þe wynnyng of þe same bullewerk. And when þis bullewerk was þus wonne vppon hem of Gaunt, they of Brugges were glad, and logh hem of Gaunt to scorn.

[I]

[Lambeth MS. 6, col. 2.]

[Lambeth MS. 6 255b:2] [The Siege of Calais abandoned. The Englishmen's Mocking Song against the Flemings.]

And þis Seturday at night, the Lord Welles wes sent ouer to Caleis by the Duyk of Gloucestre with a certeyn meyny, to strength the toun till he come with his nauey; And he landed behynd þe toure of Ryesbank. And his peple made so gret noice in þe londyng, that þe Duk of Burgoyn & they of Gaunt, which lay at þe Est ende of the town, wend the Duk of Gloucester had londid with his nauey þat sam nyght; wherfore þe Duk & they of Gaunt brake vp þeire tentes sodeynly & priuely, & went ouer Grauenyng watir þat same nyght, and lafte behynd hem much of þeire vitaile & of þeir ordynaunce; and gunnes were founden beried vndir þe erthe. And thay of Brugges, þat lay at Saynt Petirs with þe comynte of Flaundres, knewe no-þyng of theire goyng til þe Sonday in the mornyng aftir; on which Sonday, at the releuyng, iiij. Englissh trumpettes blewe vp on hye vppon Milkgate toure, as [Lambeth MS. 6 256a] they were wont to do euery day at þe releuyng of the wach duryng the seege. And then they aspyed þat all þe Gaunteners were gon; but þey at Saynt Petirs lay still. but as sone as they sawe þat the Duyk, þeire lord, & they of Gaunt, were gon, þey brake doune þeire tentes, & sette þeire loggynges on fyre, and fled þeir way in all that euer þey myght, and laft behynd hem much of þeir vitailes for hast. And they of the towne wold haue folowed aftir; but þe Lord Welles had brought a priuey seal from þe King, chargyng, on payn of their lyues, the[y] shuld not passe gunneshotte without toun til þe Duyk of Gloucestre come with his power; And ne had þat ben, there had ben gret good geton þat tyme.

¶ All þis while þe Pycardes lay at seege at Guysnes, and had smytte doune þe ward next þe Faane toure, with þe gret brasen gunne, as before is said. And when they of the Castell sawe þe

Flemmynges sette þeire loggynges on fyre, thay made to ryng the larome bell in al that þey myȝt. Wherfore the Pycardes were sore abasshid, and wend the Duke of Gloucestre had ben landed with his power, & wes comyng to rescowe the Castel, And anon [Lambeth MS. 6 256a:2] brake þe seege, and carted þeire ordynaunce, & fled in al that euer þey myȝt. And they of þe Castel yssued out, both on horsebak & on foote, aftir hem, and ouertoke the gret brasen gunne carted, & two oþir gret bombardes of yron; but the iij. chambres of þe brasen gunne were scaped from hem with þe hoost. Then they of Guysnes hewed in sonder the cartwheles, and aftir, with strengh of men & horses, they wer brought into þe said Castel of Guysnes; & aftir they were brought in-to the toune of Caleis. ¶ And on this wise, Phelip, Duk of Burgoyne, & the Flemmynges, departid from Caleis, and þe Pycardes from þe Castel of Guysnes, with gret shame & gret diswurship, & with gret losse. Wherfore amonges Englisshmen were made many rymes of þe Flemmynges; among the which, one is here sette for a remembraunce, that saith on this wise:—

When þe Flemmyng wer fressh, florisshid in your flouris, And had we[l]th at your will, ye wolde be conquerouris Of Caleis, þat litill toune: as it come in your mynde; But ye, to conquere Caleis, it comeþ you not of kynde.

[Lambeth MS. 6 256b] Remembres on þat wurship ye wann the first day, When the Erle of Mortein come passing with his pray Before youre toune of Grauenyng, wher ye, as men bold, Come rennyng on hym fersli, as lyons of Cotteswold, With habirgeons & hounsculles, & rusti kettill hattes, With long pykes, goden daghes for to stikke the rattes, With messis & meskins, & eke with side Iakes, Doune vnto mydde þe leg, of kanuas lyke to sakes; Stoppid al with hempen tawe, and þat in straunge wise, Stiched like a matrace, al of þe newe gyse, Ye laid vpon þenglisshmen so myghtily with your handes, Til of you iij. hundrid lay strechid on the sandes. Ye fled þen in-to Grauenyng, and wold no lenger bide, And gaue þe Erle leue to passe ouer that same tyde In saafte with his prisoners, & lost neuer a man: This was þe first wurship, of Caleys that ye man.

Remembres how ye laide seege, with gret pryde & bost, [Lambeth MS. 6 256b:2] To Caleis, þat littil toune: the noumbre of youre host Was a hundrid thousand & fifty, to reken by þe pollis, As it was þat same tyme founden by youre rollis; And yette, for al youre gret host, erly nothir late, Caleis was so ferd of you, þey shitte neuer a gate.

Remembres how ye drowned att full see for þe nones, With shippes, Caleis hauen, massoned with stones, And how that þe Calisers hem brake the next day, When it was lawe watir, and bare lxiii clene away, Euery stikke & stone, & lafte not ther one log. Remembres eke on Goby, the watir-bailiffes dog, How he scarmysshed with you twyes vpon the day, And among you, on þe sandes, made many a fray.

Remembres ye of Brugges; how ye ferst wan youre shone, How ye come forth to scarmyssh vpon an aftirnone With pauyses & crossebowes, on Saynt Petirs playne, And how sone the Calisers made you to turne agayne, [Lambeth MS. 6 257a] And ouerthrewe you sodeynly, or euer that ye wist, And brought you in-to Caleis, tyed fast by the fist.

Remembres ye of Gaunt eke: for al youre pride & bost, Wonnen was youre bulwerk, beside your gret host, And slayne all that was therin: & ye, that same night, Fled ouer Grauenyng watir; but go þat go myght, And youre lord with you, for dreed and for fere Of the Duyk of Gloucester; & yette was he not þer. Wel was hym might go before with pisone & with paunce, And laft behind you, for hast, al youre ordynaunce.

Remembres, ye Picardes, at seege eke as ye lay Of Guysnes, that strong Castel, how ye fled away For ryngyng of the larume bell, shamfulli in a morowe, As ferd as þe Flemmynges, with hertes full of sorowe. Ye lost there your ordynaunce, of gunnes that was cheff: To you & to al Pycardis, shame and gret repreff.

Remembres now, ye Flemmynges, vpon youre owne shame; [Lambeth MS. 6 257a:2] When ye laide seege to Caleis, ye wer right still to blame;

For more of reputacioun, ben Englisshmen þen ye, And comen of more gentill blode, of olde antiquite; For Flemmynges come of Flemmed men ye shal wel vndirstand, For fflemed men & banshid men enhabit first youre land.

Thus proue I þat Flemmynges is but a flemed man, And Flaunders, of Flemmynges, the name first began. And þerfore, ye Flemmynges, þat Flemmynges ben named, To compare with Englisshmen, ye aught to be ashamed! Ye be nothing elles worth, but gret wordes to camp; Sette ye still, & bith in pees: God gyue you quadenramp!

¶ Such & many oþir rymes were made amonge Englisshmen, aftir the Flemmynges were thus shamfully fled frome Caleis, & þe Picardis from Guisnes fledd, & gon þeire way, for drede & fere of þe comyng of the Duyk of Gloucestre, whiche by þat tyme was redy at London with his power & armee to come to þe rescows of Caleis, & to shippe at Sandwich, wher-as lay redy in þe hauen iij^C sailes to abyde his comyng.

[End of the MS.]

[K]

[Extracts from the unique Lambeth MS. 84.]

I.

[How Havelok's son, Curan, became King of Denmark and England.]

[Lambeth MS. 84 48a] How Kyng Edelf maried Argentyl to a knave of his Kechyn.

ANd Kyng Edelf, þat was vncle to þe damoysell Argentil, bethought him how he myght with some tresoun have þe lande fro hire þat was his Nece, for euermore; and, false forsworne ayenst his othe, thouht how he myght disceyue þe damoysell; And so he maried here to a knaue of his kechyn þat men callyd Curan. And this Curan becam þe worthiest man of body þat ony man wist in ony lande; for he was þe lengest man & highest of all þe Kynges householde, or in ony oþer place þat men knew þat tyme. And Kyng Edelfe supposed to haue maryed hire shamfully & vnworthily, for enchesoun þat he thought to haue alle here lande, as he had & heelde before þat tyme, but he was disceyued; ffor this Curan was Hauelokes sone, þat was Kyng of Kirkeland in Denmark, as ye shul here. ¶ Hauelok, þat was Kyng of Kirkelonde in Denmark, spousyd þe Kyngis doughtir of þis londe, whiche was ryght eyre of þis lande, þat callyd Gildeburghe, & he begat on hire this forseide Curan, whiche was his eyre. And whan Hauelok vnderstode þat he shulde deye, he betoke his sone Curan to a lorde of his londe to kepe, þat he louyd & trustid moche vnto; and þat this lorde shulde mary his sone Curan to some worthi gentylwoman, whan he were come to age, & to make kym Kyng of his landis. This lorde grauntyd hym þat he woolde so do, & toke þe childe with hym, & kepte hym. ¶ But aftyrward, this lorde bethouhte hym how he myght put this childe Curan from his enerytaunce, and þat alle the lordis of Denmark dred hym, & many of them had hym in gret fauour; and therupon, he leete crowne hym-selfe Kyng of all Denmark, and toke homage &

feaute of all þe lordis & peple of Denmark. And anon he betoke Curan, þat was riht eneritour to þe crowne of Denmark, vnto a fissher, prevely, þat no man vndirstode, & gaue þe fissher gret good, & also chargyd hym, on payne of deethe, þat he shulde take þe childe Curan with hym, & priuely drowne hym in þe see, so þat he may neuer se nor here more of hym. The fissher seyde it shulde be doon, & toke þe childe priueli with hym. And whan he was in þe brode see, & purposid to doon this deede, he had gret pite & compassioun vpon this young childe, and thouht it were gret pite to drowne so faire a childe; & so he withdrew his euil purpose, & saued þe childis lyfe, & toke þe younge childe with hym, [Lambeth MS. 84 48b] and forsoke þe lande, & dwellyd in another countre with þe childe, for drede off þe Kyng þat vsurped þe lande. And this man kept tys childe tyl he was wox moche, and of a resonable age; and alwey þe childe callyd hym 'fadyr,' wenyng to hym þat he had so be; tyl vpon a tyme, tis fissher callid þe childe vnto hym, and tolde hym how he was nat his fadyr; but seide & þat Hauelok, whiche was Kyng of Denmark, was his fadyr; & whan he shulde dye, he prayde a lorde of his londe to kepe his sone Curan; "& whan ye were come to natural age, to make yow Kyng of þe lande, as rightful enerytour. And he toke yow to me, & gaue me gret good, & also charged me, vp payne of deede, þat I shulde drowne yow in þe see. and I fulfillyd nad his commaundment, but sparid youre lyf, & kept yow hidyr-to with tho goodis þat he gaue me; & þerfor I durste not abide in þat londe, but fledde with yow in-to this countre; for he regneth now for kyng of Denmarke, & vsurpeth þe crowne. And þerfor I counseile yow to drawe to som pryncis courte, þat ye may haue eyde & helpe to enerite youre londe ayen."

¶ Than this young Ientylman thankid this fissher of his gret charite, & toke his leue, & cam to þe Kyngis courte of Ingelond, and was a sqwiler in þe kechyn: þe whiche kynge þat regnyd tho in Ingelonde was Edelf, whiche vsurpyd þe lande wrongfully, from his owne cosyn, whiche was kyng Adelbrightis doughtir, & riht eneritur, þat men callyd Argentyll. ¶ þis Kyng Edelf thouhte to mary her shamfully & vnworthely, for enchesoun to haue her londe from her; & so he maryed her to Curan, þat was sqwiler of his kechyn. ¶ And than Curan toke his wife Argentill, & went in-to Denmarke, and as God woolde, whiche helpith all good men in ther right, conueyed Curan & his wife to þe howse of

a worthi knyhte of Denmarke, þe whiche lovyd wel þe fadyr of þe seide Curan. And whan this Curan was come thedyr, þe knyhte was glad to holde hym, because þis Curan was so hye a man of stature, & wel made with-alle; & þe knyght comaundid his serwauntis to make hym & his wife goode chere; for they semyd onest foke. And aftyr, whan þe nyght was come, þei were asyngned where þei shulde lye. And in þe dede tyme of þe nyght, whan alle folkis were a-bedde, & be lyklyode a-slepe, there was a gret lyght in þere chambre, whiche oon of þe knyghtis seruauntis aspied, & preuely went vnto þe chambre to wete what yt went. & whan he come thedyr, he sye a wonder grete streme [Lambeth MS. 84 49a] of lyhte com from þe mannys side, & also a-noþer from þe womannys side, þei beyng fast aslepe, þat alle þe chambyr was lyght þere-with. And þis man yede softly vnto his maistyr þe knyht, & tolde hym what he sye. & þe knyht rose hym vp & yede thedyr, & fonde yt sothe as his man had seide. & þe knyht maruelyd sore what it shulde mene, & yede a-yen to his bed, & musid sore ther-on. ¶ And on þe morw þe knyht arose, & sent for this man Curan; and anon þe knyht axyd hym what man he was; who was his fadyr; & where he was born. Than Curan seyde: "syrre, I wot nevyr where I was born, nor who was my fadyr, but be þe seyng of a man þat was a fissher, whiche kept me vp of yowthe; & I knew none oþer but þat he was my fadyr. & whan I was growen moche, & vndirstode resoun, he seide to me that he was not my fadyr, but seyde þat þe Kynge of Denmark was my fadir, þat men callyd Hauelok, & Gildeburghe my modyr, whiche was þe Kyngis douhtir of Ingelond. & whan my fadyr shulde dye, he betoke me to kepe to a lorde of his, & prayde hym þat he shulde make me kyng, whan I come to lawful age. & that lorde betoke me to a man þat was a fissher, & gaue hym gret good, & also chargyd hem, vp payne of dethe, þat he shulde drowne me in þe see; but þe man, of pite, cowde not fynde it in his herte." Thanne seyde þe knyght: "if it be thus, I shal knowe be sertayne fetures & tokenys þat is on youre body, þe which þat I & othyr knyhtis were comaundid to se & take hede of, when ye were ryht younge." Than Curan stripte hym nakyd; & anon þe knyht sye þe markis on his body þat he knew ful wel. And than þe knyht knelyd doun & did hym worship, & seide, 'forsothe he was þe sone of his wurshipful lorde Hauelok, & rihtful ayre of Denmarke.' And in alle þe hast, þe knyght wrote vnto dyuerse lordis of þat lande,

seynge, þat 'Curan, þe sone of Haueloke, & rihtful eyre, was founde, & was with hym, in his place.' ¶ And whan þe lordys herde this, & vndirstode þe trowthe, anon thei assemblyd a gret power, & cam thedyr, & did homage & fewte vnto hym. and aftyr þat, they yede & gaue batayle vnto þe Kyng þat vsurpyd, whom þe seyde Curan slew, his own hondis. And aftyr þat, thei crownyd hym Kyng of Denmarke, & so he enjoyed his enheritaunce.

¶ And in þe nexte yere folwyng, this seid Curan cam in-to Ingelonde, & conqueryd his wives lande, and slowe Kyng Edelfe in þe xx. yere of his regne. In whois tyme deyde Seint Ethelburga, þe first abbes of Berkyng, In þe yere of oure Lorde vclxviij. And this Edelf was þe last kyng of þe trew Brytouns.

Anno domini v^clxx: Regned Curan, þat was [Lambeth MS. 84 49b] Hauelokis son, Kyng of Denmark, whiche reynyd be his wives titel, & not be his owne. Capitulum lxxvij.

Aftyr Kyng Edelf, þat was þe laste kyng of þe trewe Brytouns, Regned Curan In þe yere of oure Lorde. v^clxx. & þis Curan was Hauelokis sone, Kyng of Denmark, þat was a Dane; & he regned be his wivis title, & nat be his owne; & he was a good man, & wel rewlyd þe lande. And he ne regned but iij. yeris, for þe Saxons & þe Danys slewe hym; & þat was gret hurte to alle Britayne; & so he deyde withoute yssu; & þe Britouns bare his body to Stonehenge, & þere entered hym with moche solempnite.

II.

[The Quarrel between Richard II & his uncle, the Duke of Gloster.]

In þe xx^ti yer Kyng Rychard heelde a grete feste at Westmenstre. At whiche feste arryued þe Sowdyours þat had kepte a toune callyd Breste, & satte at dyner in þe halle, whiche tounne Kyng Rycharde had delyueryd by appoyntemente to þe Duke of Brytayne, wherof bygan moche trouble & sorwe, whiche dured vnto Kyng Richardys dethe. And aftyr dyner þe Duke of Gloucetre, his vncle, Sir Thomas of Woodstoke, sayde to þe Kyng: "Syre! haue ye not seen tho felawes þat sate at dyner in youre halle?" and þe Kyng demaunded who they were: and he sayde, "they been

your folke þat haue seruyd yow, & ben come from Breste, & now wote not what to doo, & haue ben euyl payde." Thenne þe Kyng sayde þat they shal be payde. Then seyde þe Duke in a grete furye: "Syre! ye oughte fyrste to put your body in deuore to gete a tounne or a Castel be feet of warre vpon your enemyes, er ye shulde selle or delyuer ony townes þat your predecessours, Kynges of Englond, haue goten & conqueryd." To þe whiche þe Kyng answeryd ryght angrely: "how saye ye that?" Thenne þe Duke sayd it ageyn. Then þe Kyng byganne to wex wrothe, & sayde: "wene ye þat I be a marchaunt or a foole, to selle my londe? by Saint Johan Baptist, nay! but trouthe it is, þat oure Cosyn of Brytayne hathe rendryd & payde to vs þe somme þat my predecessours hadde lente vppon þe sayde tounne of Breste; and sith he haue payed, it is reasoune þat this tounne be delyueryd to hym ageyne." Thus beganne þe wrathe bytwene þe Kyng & his vncle. And aftyrward, at Arondele, was a Counseylle of certeyne lordes, as þe Duke of Gloucetre, þe Archebisshop of Canterbury, þe Erles of Arondele, Warwyk & Marchalle, & oþer, for to refourme þe rewle aboute þe Kyng; whyche lordes promysed eche to abyde by oþer, & so departed. And anone aftyr, þe Erle Marchal, whiche was Captayne of Calays, bewrayed, & lete þe King haue knowleche of all þere counselle.

III.

[The Deposition of Richard II & Election of Henry IV. The Prophecy that Richard II should be destroyd by a Toad]

[Lambeth MS. 84 185a] Than in the begynnyng of þe xxiij^ti yer, the lordys of þe reavme, with þe Comouns assent, chose this worthy lorde, Syr Herry Bolyngbrook, Erle of Derby, Duke of Herforde & Duke of Lancastre be ryht lyne & herytage, and for his myhtful manhood, þat þe peple fonde in hym before al othyr, they chose hym, & made hym Kyng of Engelond amonges hem, And put asyde Richarde, Erle of Cambrygge, whiche was sone to Edmunde Langeley, Duke of York. And this sayde Richarde, Erle of Cambrygge, had weddyd Anne, þe douhetyr & Ayre of Roger Mortymer, Erle of Marche & of Wulster, whiche was proclamyd, in þe ix. yer of þe regne of Kyng Richarde, heyre apparaunt to þe Crowne of Engelond aftyr Kyng Richarde. For þe sayde Roger was sone & Ayre to Edmunde Mortymer, and to Philyppe,

douhetyr & Ayre of Sir Lyonel, þe .iij. sone of Kyng Edward þe .iij.; And thus was þe Ayre Ieneral put asyde. Also ther was, yn Kyng Richardys courte, a worshipful clerke þat was an Astronomier, whiche knewe & vndyrstode be his counnyng þat Kyng Richarde shulde be slayne & destroyed be a Toode. And vpon a tyme, he warnyd þe Kyng therof, & bad hym 'be ware of Todys; for a Toode shulde destroye hym;' and than þe Kyng thouhte & mervayled in his mynde, how þat shulde be. And vpon a tyme he ordeyned & made a ryal feest in Cristmasse, & comaundyd al his lordys to come thedyr. And they cam thedyr, euery lorde in þe gayest desgysyng þat they coude devyse. And among hem alle, Sir Herry, Erle of Derby, cam in a Gounne broyderyd [Lambeth MS. 84 185b] al abowte with Toodys. & whan Kyng Richard syhe yt, he remembryd þe propheci of Toodys þat his clerke tolde hym, þat he shulde be destroyed by. And euer aftyr he had this Herry, Erle of Derby, yn Ielwsy & mystruste, supposyng þat yt shulde be he þat shulde destroy hym; & fayne þe Kyng woolde an had hym destroyed; but at þe last he exiled hym for x yer.

IV.

[The Murder and Burial of King Richard II. His Vision and his Treasure.]

[Lambeth MS. 84 186a] ¶ In þe same yere, Syr Barnarde Brokeis, Sir Iohn Selly, Syr Iohn Mawdelyn, & Syr William Ferby, were takyn & sette in þe Toure, & aftyr, by iugement, were hanged & by-hedyd, & ther hedys sette on London Brigge. ¶ And whan Kyng Herry sawe þat these lordys thus had rysen, & assemblyd grete peple to haue put hym to dethe, & for to restore Kyng Richard ageyne to his crowne & to his Reame, he thoughte teschue suche peryls. ¶ And a-none he commaunded Sir Pyers of Exston, þat he shulde goo streyte to Pounfreyte, & delyuer þe worlde of Kyng Rychard. ¶ And so he departed fro þe Kyng, and wente to þe Castel of Pountfrete, where-as Kyng Richard was in prisoune, þe whiche was sette at table for to dyne. ¶ And anon aftyr, Sir Pyers cam in-to þe chambre where þe Kyng was; and he broughte viij. men with hym, & eche man an axe in his honde. ¶ And whan þe Kyng sawe Sir Pyeers with his felausshippe entre in-to þe chambre defensably arayed, he shoof þe table from hym, and

sprange in-to þe myddys of them, & raughte an axe out of one theyr hondes, and sette hymself valyauntly at defence. ¶ And hym-self defendyng, he slewe foure of þe eyghte. And whanne þe sayde Peers sawe þe Kyng so defende hym, he was soore abasshed & gretly aferde, and sterte vpon þe place where-as Kyng Richard was wonte to sytte. & as Kyng Richard foughte & defendyd hym-self goynge bacwarde, the sayde Syr Peers smote hym on þe hede with his axe, þat he fylle to grounde. ¶ Than cryed Kyng Richard "God, mercy!" & thenne he gaue hym a-noþer stroke on þe hede, & soo he deyde. ¶ And thus was this noble Kyng slayne and murthred. And whan þe Kyng was deede, þe knyghte þat had thus slayne hym, sette hym down be þe deede bodye of Kyng Richard, & byganne to wepe, saynge: "Allas! what thyng haue we doone? we haue putte to dethe hym þat hath been oure Kyng & souerayne lorde, two & twenty yere! Now haue I lost myn honoure! I shal neuer come in place, but I shal be reproched, for I haue doone ayenst myn honour." ¶ After this, moche peeple in Englonde, & other countrees also, wolde not beleue þat Kyng Richard was deede, but sayde þat he was alyue many yerys aftyr. ¶ Wherefor Kyng Herry, whan he wist verryly þat he was deede, he leete cere hym in þe best maner, & with dyuers spices and baumes, & in a fayre cheste, closyd alle in lynyn clothe, saaf his visage, whiche was lefte opyn, þat men myht see & know his persone from alle othir men. ¶ And thus he was broughte thurghe London to Powlus; & his body was leyd on a Charyotte coueryd with black, and iiij. baners, whereof ij. were of þe armes of Saint George, & ij. of þe armys of Seint Edwarde; & þere were an C. men clothed in blak, eche beryng a torche; ¶ And þe Cyte of London had thyrtty men in whyte, eche beryng also a torche; and þe visage of þe dede body was leyde opyn, þat euery man myght see and knowe þat it was his body, & þat he was soo deede; for many men beleuyed it not. ¶ And from Powlus he was had to Westmenster, & þere he hadde his hole masse, & diryge also. ¶ And fro thens he was caryed to þe Frerys of Langley, & þere he was buryed: on whois sowle God haue mercy! Amen! ¶ The comyn oppynyon of Englysshmen is, þat Kyng Richard deyde not [Lambeth MS. 84 186b] aftyr þe maner a-foresayde, but þat he deyde & was famynyd, & lakkyd bothe mete and drynke, & yet he was dayle seruyd þereof lyke a Kyng, but he myht not towche

yt, but only see hyt, & þerefor his [hunger] was þe more. And on a tyme, as he lay on his bed of estaate, hym thoughte þere come a fayre womman vnto hym, and brought a kercher ful of white Rosys, & bestruyd all his bed therwith; & he fed hym of the Rosys, þat his gret hungre was withdrawe; & whan he woke, hym thoughte his apyted was wel satysfyed, & þerby his lyf contynuyd a day or tweyne the lenger. And some sayeth thus, That whan he herde saye þat his lordys, þe Duke of Excetre, þe Duke of Surrey, þe Erle of Salysbury, & þe oþer lordis were deede, he was so angry & so sorowful þat he swore þat he wolde neuer ete mete, & soo abode iiij. dayes withoute etyng, as they saye. And whan Kyng Herry vndirstode þat he wolde not ete, he sente to hym ij prelatys for to comforte hym; And whan they were come, he confessyd hym to one of them, þe whiche gaue hym in penaunce, þat he shulde ete his mete. And whan he supposed to haue etyn, þe mete myght not goo dounne ne auale in-to his stomake, ffor þe conduytys of his bodye were shronken to-geder. And than sayde þe noble Kynge Rychard, 'þat it was doon, & þat he must nedis deye.' But certys, wheþer he deyde this way or þat other, certaynly dede he is, & was buryed at Langley: God haue mercy on his soule! Amen! And then was Kyng Herry peasbly King. Then he fonde in Kyng Richardes tresory nyne honderde thousande noblys, withoute Iewellys and vessellys whiche was as moche worthe, or more. And þere was founden in þe Tresorers kepynge of Englonde, an honderde and fyfty thousand noblys, & Iewels & vessell as moche or more: and thus Kyng Herry had alle his goodys. Aboute this same tyme, þe Duke of Orleaunce sente an herode of armys with lettres vnto Kyng Herry, by which he chalengyd for to fyght with hym withynne lystes at Burdeux, or in some oþer metely place, with an C gentylmen withoute reproche, ageynste as meny gentlemen withoute reproche. wherto þe King answeryd ageyne by lettres worshipfully, rehersyng þat at suche tyme as it shulde plese hym, he wolde come with suche nombre as it apperteyneth to a Kyng, and conquere his ryght; at whiche tyme he shulde be answeryd atte fulle; & so þe mater fynysshed.

V.

[Lambeth MS. 84 187a] [The Causes of the Battle of Shrewsbury, A.D. 1403.]

¶ And than Syr Thomas Percy was Iugged to be dede, þat is to sey, drawe & hangyd, and his hede smytyn of, at Shrewesbury, & his hede to be set on London Brygge, for his fals tresone; for he causyd þe gret devisioun betwene the Kyng and Syr Herry Percy; for þe Kyng woolde an had pees, & so woolde Syr Herry Percy ful fayne; But Syr Thomas Percy went betwene them, & bare fals talys, othyrwyse than they sayde or ment, & causyd that batayle. Vnde versus: Praxedis taurius nomine campo Blewyk.

M. quetuor C. ter .I. obit certamine Percy.

¶ Also anoþer princypal cause was: what tyme þat Syr Herry Derby was exilyd be Kyng Richarde, he cam ayen out of Fraunce, & entryd vp in-to Engelond at Rauensport in Yorkshyre; & þere cam ayenst hym, to put hym of, Syr Herry Percy, othyrwise callyd Syr Herry Hote-spour. but Syr Herry Derby was sworyn þere to hym & to othyr lordys, þat he shulde make no chalange vnto þe Crowne, but only vnto his enerytaunse, þe Dukedom of Lancastre; & vppon þat othe they suffryd hym to go fourthe. And than aftyr þat, Syr Herry Derby toke vppon hym þe Crowne. and whan they vndyrstode þat, Syr Herry Hotspur cam to þe Kyng to Westmenstyr, and seyde: "Syr, this was not couienaunt nor promise." "What seyest thow, horsson?" quod the Kyng; & stert to hym, & gaue hym a gret buffet. "Wel," quod Syr Herry Hotspur, "this shal be þe shrewdest bofet þat euer thow yovyst." & streyte he toke his horse, and rode home into his countre; & here-vpon began the batel of Srewesbury.

VI.

[King Henry V: his Riot in his Youth: his Change when made King.]

[Lambeth MS. 84 191a] [A]ftyr the dethe of Kyng Herry the Fourthe, Regnyd his sone Herry of Monmothe, whiche was born at Monmothe in Walyes, whiche was Herry the Fyfte aftyr þe conquest. And he began to Regne on þe xxj^ti. day of Marche, In þe yer of our lorde

M. CCCC xij; And in þe same yer he was crownyd Kyng of Englon[d] at Westmenster on the nynthe day of Aprill; and he was a worhty kyng, & a gracious man, & a worthy conquerour. ¶ And before he was Kyng, what tyme he regnyd Prince of Walyes, he fylle & yntendyd gretly to ryot, and drew to wylde company; & dyuers Ientylmen and Ientylwommen folwyd his wylle & his desire at this commaundment; & lykewyse all his meyne of his housolde was attendyng & plesyed with his gouernaunce, out-sept iij. men of his howsolde, whiche were ful hevy and sory of his gouernaunce; and they counseylyd hym euer contrary, and fayne woolde an had hym to doon wele, & forsake ryot. and þerfor he hatyd them iij. most of al men in his house, vnto þe tyme þat his fadyr was dede. And thanne he beganne to regne for Kyng, & he remembryd þe gret charge & wourship þat he shulde take vpon hym; And anon he comaundyd al his peple þat were attendaunt to his mysgouernaunce afore tyme, & al his housolde, to come before hym. And whan they herde þat, they were ful glad, for they subposyd þat he woolde a promotyd them in-to gret offices, & þat they shulde a stonde in gret favyr & truste with hym, & neerest of counsel, as they were afore tyme. & trustyng here-vpon, they were þe homlyer & bolder vnto hym, & nothyng dred hym; ynsomoche, þat whan they were come before hym, some of them wynkynd on hym, & some smylyd, & thus they made nyse semblaunte vnto hym, meny one of them. But for al þat, þe Prynce kept his countynaunce ful sadly vnto them, And sayde to them: "Syrys ye are þe peple þat I haue cherysyd & mayntynyd in Ryot & wylde gouernaunce; and here I geue yow all in commaundment, & charge yow þat from this day forward þat ye forsake al mysgouernaunce, & lyve aftyr þe lawys of Almyhety God, & aftyr þe lawys of oure londe. And who þat doyth contrarye, I make feythful promys to God, þat he shal be trewly ponisid accordyng to þe lawe, withoute eny favour or grace." And chargyd them, [on] payn of deth, þat they shulde neuer geve hym comforte nor counsel to falle to ryot no more; for he had takyn a charge on hym, þat alle his wittis & power were to lytyl, with-oute þe helpe of God & good gouernaunce. And so he rewardyd them richely with gold & syluer, & othyr Iuelys, and chargyd them alle to voyde his housolde, & lyve as good men, & neuer more to come in his presence, be-cause he woold haue noon occasioun nor remembraunce wherby he shulde falle to ryot ayen. And thus he

voydyd al his housolde, savyng tho iij. personys [Lambeth MS. 84 191b] þat he hatyd most, whiche were ful sory of his gouernaunce; & them he lovyd aftyrward best, for þere good counsayle and good gouernaunce, & made them aftyrward gret lordys; And thus was lefte in his housolde nomo but tho iij. men. And menyone of them þat were eydyng & consentyng to his wyldnes, fyl aftyrward to gret myschefe and sorw.

¶ Than Kyng Herry sent Dame Kateryn Swynfor, Countesse of Herforde, whiche was tho a wel-gouerned woman, & kept þe most worshipful housolde, & þe best rewylyd þat was within þe londe; and to her he sent for men þat were of good disposicyoun; & she sent hym xij Ientylmen of sad gouernaunce. and so this gracious Kyng forsoke al wyldnes, and toke hym to good gouernaunce, and kept streytly his lawys with ryghtwisnes & Iustise. For, in þe firste yere of his regne, ther were ij knyhtis at gret debate: þe tone was of Lankestyr-shire, & þe tothyr of York-shire; & they made them as stronge of peeple as they cowde, & scarmysshid togedyr; and men were slayne & hurte on bothe partyes. ¶ And þe Kyng herde therof, he sent for them: & they cam to þe Kyng Wyndelysore, as he was goyng to his dyneer. and whan the Kyng vndirstode that they were come, he commaundyd them to come before him; And than he axyd them, 'whois men they were.' and they seyde, his lege men. "and whois men be tho þat ye haue a-reysyd up to fythe for youre quarel?" and they seyde, 'his men.' "& what awtoryte or comaundement had ye, to reyse vp my men or me peeple, to fyght & sle eche othyr for your quarel? yn this ye ar worthy to dye." And they coude not askewse them, but besowhte þe Kyng of his grace. And than þe Kyng seyd, "be þe feith þat he owte to God & to Seint George, but yf they agreyd & accordyd, be þat tyme þat he had etyn his owystrys, they shulde be hangyd bothe two or evyr he sopyt." And than they yede a-parte, & agreyd be themselfe, and cam in ayen whan þe Kyng had etyn his owistris. And than þe Kyng sayde: "Syrys, how stondyth yt with yow?" And than they knelyd downe, and seyde: "yf it plese your good grace, we be agreyd & accordyd." And than the Kyng seyde, 'be the feythe þat he owte to God & to Seint George, þat & evyr they made eny more Insurreccioun or dethe of his lege peple, they, or ony othyr lordys withynne his reawme, withowte his

commaundment, whatsomeeuer they were, they shulde dye, acordyng to þe lawe.' And so, aftyr þat, ther durst no lorde make no party nor stryf; and thus he beganne to kepe his lawis and Iustise, & therfor he was belouyd & bedred.

VII.

[The Battle of Agincourt.]

[Lambeth MS. 84 194a] ¶ Than þe morwe roos, þe day gan sprynge, & þe Kyng be good avyce leet araye his batayle & his weengys; & chargyd euery man to keepe hem hole to-gedrys, & preyde hem alle to been of good cheer. And whanne they were redy, he askyd what tyme of þe day it was, & they sayde prime. Than seyde oure Kyng: "now is it good tyme, for alle Engelond prayeth for vs. And in remembraunce þat God dyed on þe Crosse for vs, let euery man make a crosse on þe erthe, & kys hyt, & in tokenyng þat we wole radyr dye on this erthe than flee." ¶ And whan þe King of Fraunce sawe oure Kyng & his peeple fal doun to þe erthe, he axyd: "what meen they now?" & a Frenche knyht stode by, & seyde, "forsothe, Syre, they purpose hem this day to dey on þat grounde, rathir than to flee." And than oure Kyng with alle his peple, roos hym vp ayen; and than he seyde with an hye voyce, "In þe name of Almyhty God and of Seint George, Avaunt baneer! & Seint George, this day thyn helpe!" And therwith þe Trumppetys blew vp. ¶ And than þe Frenche men come prykyng doun, as they woolde haue ovirryden alle oure meyne. But God & oure Archerys made hem sone to stomble. for oure archeris shot neuer oon arwe amys, but it persshid & brouht to grounde man or hors; for they shottyn þat day for waiour; And oure stakys made hem ouer-terve, eche on othyr, þat they lay on hepys. And oure Kyng, with his meyne & with men of armys, leyde on, for it behovyd hem to fyght þat day, his owne handys. & oure good Archerys þat lakkyd [Lambeth MS. 84 194b] arwys, leyde on with stakys. And þat day þe Frenche men syhe Seint George in þe eyre ouer þe hoste of þe Englisshe men, fyghtyng ayenst þe Frenche men; and therfor they worship & holde of Seint George, in Engelond, more than in any oþer londe. ¶ And thus Almighti God & Seint George brouht oure enemyes to grounde, & yaf us þe victory þat day. And þere were slayne of Frensshe men þat day in þe feelde of Agyncort xj. M^l., withoute prysonerys þat were takyn. And ther were noumbryd

þat day of Frensshe men yn þe feelde, mo than Sixti score Ml., And of Englisshe men but vij. M^l but God & Seint George þat day favt for vs. But þe Frensshe men þat were in þe Cyte of Parys, had went þat oure Kyng had been ouer-throuhe a day before; for þe prekers of þe Frensshe men þat kept þe owte-wacche, met with some of oure Kyngis kartys, & ryfelyd them, & gat out oure Kyngis koronet, & bare it in-to Parys; & wenyng to them of þe Cite þat oure Kyng had been ouerthrouhe, & bare this coronet abouht þe cyte in processioun for ioye. And aftyrward, whan they syhe þe Frensshemen come home sore woundyd, they marvayled sore, & askyd them 'what chere?' & they seyde, "No som to mors": we be dede & ouerthrouhe. And than an hewge peeple of women & oþer folke yede thedyr to þe feelde þere þe batayle was, to beholde whiche party were ouerthrouhe; and they stode vpon an hylle besydys þe feelde þere þe batayle was. ¶ And whan þe Englisshe hoste syhe this, they had wende þat tho peeple had been a-noþer host of Frensshe men. And anon com tydyngis to oure Kyng þat þere was a newe batayle of Frensshemen, al in aray, ordeyned redy to stele on hym. And anon oure Kyng leet krye þat euery man shulde sle his prysoner þat he had take: & þat was a myghty losse to Engelond, & a gret sorw to Fraunce. and whan þat was doon, oure Kyng arayed his batayle ayen, redy to fihte with þe Frensshe men. ¶ And whan þe Frensshmen sawe þat oure men kyllyd her prysonerys, than they withdrewe hem, & brak her batayle & here aray. And thus oure Kyng, as a worthy conquerour, had þat day þe victorye in þe feelde of Agyncourt in Pykkardye, thankyd be God!

And than oure Kyng retournyd ayen there þe batayle was, to se what peple were dede of Frensshe men, and also of Englisshe men, or yf ony were hurte þat myht be holpe. And þere were dede of Frensshe men in þe feelde: þe Duke of Barry, þe Duke of Launsom, þe Duke of Braban, þe Erle of Navern, þe Chief Counstable of Fraunce, & viij. othir Erlys: & þe Archebisshop of Saunce; & of good Barouns .C. & mo; & of worthy knyhtis of gret alliaunce of cote armures, a M & v^C. ¶ And of Englisshe men was dede þat day: þe good Duke of Yorke, Ser Edmunde, & deyde withoute yssu. And aftyr hym, was made Duke of Yorke his broderys sone, Richarde, þat [Lambeth MS. 84 195a] was sone to Richard, Erle of Caumbrygge, þat was behedyd at Southamptone, as aftyrward ye

shul here more opynly. And also there was dede, þe Erle of Suffolke; & of al oþer of Englisshe men, were dede nat passyng xxvj. bodyes, thankyd be God! And this batayle was on a Friday, whiche was Crispines & Crispamanes day, in þe monthe of Octobre.

versus: an Mil C quatuor Synk Domini dato. henrici terno Regis quin iure paterno. harflet fest Maurik deuicta que prelia. crispinum Agencourt nomen, vbi Cristus ei dedit omen.

VIII.

[The Siege of Rouen. Every eldest Son a King on St. Dennis' Eve.]

[Lambeth MS. 84 198b] ¶ And yn þat tyme þere was a custom in þe Cite of Rone, & also in þe Subarbys þere-of, that on Seint Denys evyn to make a kyng in euery house. And so þe grete heerys of þe subarbis cam to þe seyde Kyng Herry, & besouht hym to take noon displesure of þere customable vsage. and þe Kyng askyd them what it was. And they answeryd & seyde 'yt was þe vsage of Roon to make, in euery hous therof, þe eldest sone a kyng on þat nyht.' And anon þe Kyng grauntyd them ther askyng, so þat it were nat doon in despyte of hym. And at Nyhte ther cam woorde to þe Kyng, þat þere were neuer seen so many kyngis to-gedyr in oon place. And anon þe Kyng comaundyd them to be brouht afore hym. And than spake an olde Frenche knyht, and seyde: "I trowe now is þe tyme come þat Rone shalbe won, aftyr þe profecye." And when þe Kyng herd þe knyht thus sey, he askyd hym, 'what was þe profecie.' And þe knyht seyde, 'yf he woold pardon hym, he woolde tel hym þe profecie þerof.' And tho þe Kyng pardonid hym. ¶ "Syr," quod þe knyht, "this toun of Roon shall neuer be wonne, tyl ther come a Kyng þat shulde be boryn of a woman, And in a Nonnys habyte, & .xxx. kynggis at his retynew, to ley seege ther-to." And there-with þe Kyng seyde: "In verbo tuo relaxabo rethe." And anon he comaundyd everyche of þe kyngis to be set in dyuers garisons ayenst þe Toun. And on þe next day was þe Toun of Roon yolde vp vnto oure Kyng, as ye shul here.

IX.

[King Henry VI's youth, and the quarrel with the Flemings.]

[Lambeth MS. 84 201a] aNd yn þe yer of our Lorde, M^l CCCC & xxiij, On þe last day of August, Herry of Wyndelysore, þe sone of Herry þe Fyfthe,

began to Reyne, when he was but ix monthis of age. ¶ And as some men sey, on þat day of his byrthe, there sat a stronger with þe parsoun of Monmothe, þat prophesied at dyner, seyng on this wyse: "In these xxiiij. ourys passyd, othyr with-yn xxiiij. ourys to come, is born, or shalbe born, a new Kyng of Engelond, þe whiche shal begynne his reyne withynne þe first yer of his byrthe." ¶ Than seyde þe tothyr: "þat is þe Erle of Marche." he seyde ayen: "nay, nat so." than seyde þe tothyr, "what troyst thou þat þere shal fal here-aftyr?" he seyde: "In þe fyrst vij yer of his Reyne, þere shalbe gret aboundaunce of al maner of ffrutys." "And what in þe next vij yerys?" he seyde: "þere shalbe thre wyse men þat shulbe able to gouerne eny reme." And in þe vj. yer aftyr, on þe vj day of A Nouembre, Herry þe vjte was crownyd at Westmenster, of Herry Chychile, Archebisshop of Cauntirbury, at whois Coronacioun þe sone of þe Duke of Hostryche, with many oþer, were made knyhtis. ¶ And in þe xthe yer of his reyne he was crownyd ayen at Parys in Fraunce, of his vncle þe Cardinall of Wynchestre. And in þe yer aftyr þat, on þe xx^ti day of Maij, on a Weddenysday, fro þe oure of None to iij. on þe clok at aftyrnoon, ther aperyd a Blasyng sterre in þe firmament, toward þe est, fast be þe Mone.

And in þe yer folwyng, the Dewke of Burgoyne began to meve werre ayenst Engelond, & wolde an had Caleys. And thedyr was sent in bassetre, þe Duke of Exetyr, with oþer lordys; & as he cam homward ayen, his hors doungyd in þe tounne of Poperyng; and þe Flemyggis rysyn vp, & woolde nat suffyr hym to passe tyl his men were fayne to bere awey his hors dounge, & make clene þe stretys. ¶ And whan þe Duke was come ayen in-to Engelond, he enformyd þe Kyng & his lordys þerof; and they were sore amevyd therwith. And anon Sir Humfray, Duke of Gloucestre, & Sir Thomas Bewfourde, Duke of Exetyr, his brothyr, with oþer lordys, made a gret power, and yede ayen in-to Flaundrys, & destroyed moche peple, and brent meny tounnys, & dyd moche harme; & þe Duke of Burgoyne fled with his peple. And þe Duke of Exetyr yede & brent vp Popryng & meny mo tounnys þere abouhte, & dyd moche harme, ynsomoche þat they brent þe whete & corne þat grewe in þe feelde: & þat was an evyl deede, ffor, sen þat tyme hydyrward, our whete & corn haue be brent in Engelond, yn on place or in othyr, as it growyth in þe feelde, be þe hande of God; whiche brennyng, men callyth 'Ablastid or seynte.' ¶ And at þe

last, þe Duke of Burgoyne was fayne to mede þe Duke of Gloucestre & oure lordis, & gave them a myty thyng of good to turne ayen & seese ther warre, & do no more harme. & than þey turny[d] ayen in-to Engelond. And in despyte of þe Flemynges, an Englisshe man made this Englishe, yn Baladdys:

(1)

[Lambeth MS. 84 201b] off stryvys new, & fraudulent falsnesse, Who-so lyst to seek out þe cheef occasioun, Late hym resorte, & his wey dresse In-to Flaundrys, streyght to the Blak Lyoun, Whiche hathe compassed, be fals collusioun,— Lyk in his standard as betyn is the signe,— That meved his countre of presumpcioun, Ageyn Ingelond frowardly to malygne.

(2)

Fyrst to remembre, the deede beryth wytnesse, Of his fadyr mowrdred be tresoun, How Herry the Fyfthe, of knyghtly gentylnesse, Had of his dethe manly compassioun, Leete digge hym vp, stank for corrupcioun, Of a prynce a mercyable sygne. But thou ageynward, be fals decepcioun, Madest Flaundrys ageyn Ingelond to malygne.

(3)

Thou madist an oothe, be gret avisynesse, Vppon the sacrament at Amyas, in that toun, Ay to be trewe, voyde of dobylnesse. But vndyr the courteyne of fals collusioun, Thou gat at Araas an absolucioun, Thy feyned feythe vp falsly to resygne, Causyng Flaundrys, to ther confusioun, Ageyn Ingelond prowdly to malyngne.

(4)

The pees purposyd at Araas in soothnesse, Whan our embassatourys, of hool affeccioun, Cam goodly thedyr, dyd ther bysinesse, To haue concluded a parfyt vnyoun

Twyxt to reavmus, for ful conclusioun, Thou, shewyng there a face ful benyg[n]e, Vndyr a veyle of fals decepcioun, Record of Flaundrys, whiche falsly dothe malygne.

(5)

What hast thou wonne with al thy bysinesse And alle thy tentys to Caleys caryed doun, Thyn ordynauncys, whiche cost gret rychesse, Bastyle, and cartys of fagot gret foysoun, Of thy gounnys the dredful noyse and soun? Peyse al to-gedyr, with many anothyr sygne, Thy cowardly flyght, cokeney of a chaumpyoun, Whyche darst not fyght, and canst so wel malygne.

X.

[The Battles of St. Alban's I and II, of Blore Heath, Ludlow, Northampton, Wakefield, and Wigmore.]

[Lambeth MS. 84 202a] They dyd moche harme, & many a man was slayne; & they woolde neuer sese, tyl þe drawbrygge was set on fyre betwene hem. And aftyrward þere captayn was take in a gardyn in Kent, & þere he was slayne; & aftyr þat, his body was quarteryd; & his hede smytyn of, & set on Londen Brygge. ¶ And in þe xxiiij. yer of his regne was þe first batel of Seint Albonys; & þere Kyng Herry was shotte in þe nekke with an Arrwe. And ayenst hym cam Rycherde Plantagynet, Duke of Yorke, & Richard Nevel, Erle of Salisbury, & his sone Richard Nevel, Erle of Warwyk. And þere was slayne of þe Kingis party, Sir Edmunde, Duke of Somyrset, þe Erle of Northombyrland, & Lord Clyfford; & Humfray, Duke of Bokyngham, was sore hurte, whom they caryed with hem to Londen.

And in þe xxxvij yer was þe batel at Bloorhethe, & of Ludlowe; & þere was slayne be þe Erle of Salisbury, Lord Avdele, & xiiij. knyghtes new made; & þe Baroun of Dudle was take & led with hem. ¶ And in þe .xxxviij. yer was þe batayle of Northamptoun; where cam on þe ton party, Edward þe Erle of Marche, þe-eldest sone of þe Duke of Yorke, & þe Duke of Northfolke, & Richard

Nevyle, Erle of Warwyk. And þere was slayne of þe Kyngis party be them: Sir Humfray, Duke of Bokyngham, & Sir Iohn Talbot, Erle of S[h]rewisbury, & Vicount Bemounde; & þere was take Kyng Herry, & brouht with them to Londen.

And in þe same yer was þe batayle of Wakefeelde, whiche was on þe ton party, þe Duke of Somyrset, þe Erle of Northumbirlond, Lord Clifford, & Sir John Nevyl of Westmerland, which was þe Erles sone of Westmerland. And þere was slayne be them: Richard, Duke of Yorke, Edmunde, Erle of Rutlond, his sone; & Richarde Nevyle, Erle of Salysbury, was take þere, & behedyd at Pounfret. ¶ And in þe same yer was þe ijde batayle of Seint Albonis: & þere com in on þe ton party: Kyng Herry, þe Duke of Northfolke, þe Erle of Warwyk, Lord Facounbryge, & Vicound Bowser. And ayenst them cam Queen Margeryt, & Prince Edward her sone, [L]ord Wellis, Lord [C]lyfford, & ouerthrewe þe tothyr party, & toke awey King Herry from them; and, be the commaundment of þe young Prince, þere was behedyd þere, Lord Bonvylde, & Thomas Kyrel, knyht of Kent; & they led with hem in-to þe Northe, Lord Mountegew, [a]nd toke hym to [þ]e Mayre of [Y]orke to kepe.

And in þe same yer was þe bateyle of Wygmore, be Edward, Erle of Marche; wher fled, Sir Herry Bewforde, Duke of Exestyr, & Iamys Ormond, Erle of Wylshyre, & Iasper, Erle of Penbrook; & his fadyr, Owen Tedder, was takyn, & behedyd at Herforde; and ther was takyn þe Baroun of Burforde; & pardounde of his lyfe. An[d] aftyr this, Edward, Erle of Marche, with þe lordys on his party, yede to Londen; and on þe iiij. day of Marche he toke vpon hym þe Regimen, with þe wylle of lordys & þe comouns bothe.

XI.

[K. Edward IV (1461); the Battle of Barnet (14 April, 1471); and the Death of Henry VI (20 June, 1471).]

[Lambeth MS. 84 202b] aNd aftyr this, In þe yer of our Lord M^l CCCC lx, And in þe regne of Kyng Herry xxxix.; Edward, Erle of Marche, with þe lordys þat were on his party, yede to Londen; and on þe .iiij. day of Marche he took vpon hym þe Regimen, with þe wylle of þe lordys & þe commouns also. ¶ And aftyr þat, Kyng Edward toke

his lordys, & yede Northeward; and on Palmisson evyn was Tauntoun feelde, callyd York feelde. And þere was on Kyng Edwardys party, þe Duke of Northfolke, þe Erle of Warwyk, Lord Acrys of þe southe, Lord Faucounbrygge, & many oþer lordys & knyhtis moo. And ayenst hym cam Prynce Edward, Kyng Herryes sone, þe Duke of Somyrset, þe Erle of Northumbyrlond, which was slayne þere, & many oþer lordis & knyhtes also. And King Herry, with Queen Mergeret, lay in York; & þey toke þe Prince her sone, & be mydnyght they were fledde to Berewyk; & they yaf þat toun to þe Scottis, to haue socour & helpe of them, whiche toun was Englisshe beforn. ¶ And thus Kyng Edwarde, þe sone of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, ouercam his enemyes, & put them to flyght, & returnyd ayen to Londen, & þere he was crownyd at Westmester, ryghtful Kyng of Engelond & of Fraunce, Castylle, & Legyoun. ¶ And sone aftyr, he weddyd Dame Elysabeth, þe Erle Ryuers douhtyr, on whom he begat, Elysabeth, Marie, Cicile, Edwarde Prince, Margarete, Richard, Duke of York & of Northfolke, Anne, George.

And aftyr this, Herry, þat was Kyng, was take in Yorkshire, in þe Abbey of Furnes; & put in þe Toure of Londen. ¶ And aftyr þat, þere aperyd in þe ffirmament a gret sterre, þat yaf out vij stremys, whiche synified gret sorw, & mysche[f] þat fylle aftyrward; & also ther wer sene in þe Temys at Londen, many whyrlepolys, & anoþer tyme a whale, þat signyfyed not good. For aftyrward fylle gret devisyoun betwene þe Kyng & his lordys; & þey kept a gret batayle on Estyr day, whiche is callyd 'Barnet Feeld.' & þere was slayne Richard Nevyle, Erle of Warwik, & Markys Montegew, his brothir, & þe Erle of Oxynford fled. And from thens þe Kyng yede to Tewkysbery; & þere was slayn, Edward, þe sone of Kyng Herry; & Queen Margarete, his modyr, was take, whiche were come out of Fraunce. And thus Kyng Edwarde ouercam all his enemyes, thankyd be God! And in alle þese batayles, was þe sone ayenst þe fadyr, and brother aye[n]st brother. ¶ And anon aftyr, deyde Kyng Herry in þe Toure of Londen; & is beryed at Chercheshey. And he foundyd þe Coleges of Etoun & of Cambrygge, callyd þe 'newe Colege': on whois soule, God haue mercy! Amen!

And aftyr this, Kyng Edward yed ouer beyon the se into Fraunce, & chalengyd Gascoyne & Gyen. And þe Kyng of Fraunce was fayne to desyre trewys with hym, & agreyd to pay yerly to oure Kyng, X M^l. li. for Gascoyne & Gyen: & he payd it long

after. And in þat Iorney our Kyng lost many a man þat fylle to þe lust of women, & wer brent be them; & þere membrys rottyd away, & þey dyed. ¶ And aftyr þat, ther fylle a gret dissese in Engelond callyd þe 'styche,' þat moche peeple deyde sodeynly þerof. And also anoþer dissese reyned aftyr þat, callyd þe 'fflyx,' þat neuer was seen in Engelond before; & peple deyde hogely therof iij yer togedyr, in on place or oþer. And aftyr þat, ther bred a Raven on Charyng Crosse at Londen; & neuer was seen noone brede þere before. & aftyr þat, cam a gret dethe of Pestilence, þat lastyd iij. yer; & peple dyed myhtely in euery p[l]ace, man, woman & chylde: on whois soulys, God haue mercy! Amen!

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