Polychronicon Ranulphi Higden maonachi Cestrensis; together with the English translations of John Trevisa and of an unknown writer of the fifteenth century.

Capitulum secundum.

VALENTIANUS [Valentinianus, β., γ., and Cx.] Augustus his tyme is acounted to þe cours of Theodocius and of Martinianus. Eutropius. He dradde þe fortune of Aecius and [and] om. γ.] patricius, and made hym i-slawe at Car|tage, [and] [From α., β., γ., and Cx.] þe fortune of the west empere fil [ful, γ.] doun wiþ hym. But in þe same ȝere Valentinianus was i-slawe of Aecius his frendes in þe felde Marcius, twelve dayes to fore Averel, [Aprill, Cx.] þe day [after] [From Cx.] oon Maximus, a man of tweie consulates, [consulatus, Cx.] took þe em|pere of [of] at, γ.] Rome. He herde [hurde, γ.] þat Gisericus, kyng of þe Wandales, was comynge out of Affrica, and arrayed him for to flee, and was alto hakked [hewed, Cx.] of Valentinianus his servauntes, and i-þrowe lyme meele [lymmele, β., throwen lymmele, Cx.] into Tyber. Þanne Gisericus com to þe citee of Rome, and Leo þe pope mette hym, [and plesed him,] [From α., β., γ., and Cx.] so þat he sparede brennynge and manslauȝt, [manslaughter, Cx.] and took prisoners and

richesse of þe see, [ryches of the cyte, Cx.] and ladde wiþ hym in to Affrica; among þe which [whuch, γ.] prisoners Eudoxia Augusta was i-take prisoner; sche [heo, β. and γ.] hadde i-prayed Gisericus to doo þat corsede dede. In þe tornynge aȝen toward Affrica Gesericus destroyed þe noble citees of Campania, Nola and Capua. Þanne, as Gregory [Gregori, γ.] seiþ in Libro decaleg, [dialog, α.; dialogorum, γ. and Cx.] Paulinus, bysshop of þe citee Nola, whanne he hadde i-spend al þat he hadde in raunsoun [raunsoms, α.; raunsons, Cx.] of prisoners, he wente into Affrica, and ȝaf hym self to be a man of straunge nacioun his [his] and, Cx.] bonde man, for þe ransoun of a wedewe [wydowes, Cx.] sone, and was his lordes gardener, and bare hym [bare hym] dyde soo, Cx.] wel in his office, [offys, γ.] and [and] that he, Cx.] tornede his lorde to Cristendome, and wan [and gate, added in Cx.] fredom to men of his nacioun. Marcianus, libro primo. In Marcianus his [his] om. Cx.] firste [vyfte, γ.; fyfih, Cx.] ȝere, Horsus and Hengistus fauȝte aȝenst þe Bretouns in a place þat hatte Aglischthorpe; [Aeglysthorp, α. and γ.; Aeglis|thorp, β.; Aglystorp, Cx.] þere Horsus and Catagirnus [Cartigernus, Cx.] slowȝ eiþer [eche, Cx.] oþer, but Hengistus hadde þe victorie. Beda, libro primo, capitulo 17^o. Þat tyme þe fey of Bretouns dede

waste [faste, β.] awey and [and] om. α. and β.] slide [waste . . . slide] faste fayle, Cx.] [dude fast awey slyde, γ.] for companye of Saxons, þat were straunge men and of mysbileve, and also for [for] bycause of, Cx.] Pelagius his here|sye, þat gan among hem to springe; þerfore þey sente into Fraunce forto have help and socour [sokour, γ.] aȝenst mysbileved men; and to hem were i-send Germanus Altissiodorus [Altisiodorus, β.] and Lupus Trecasinus bisshoppes. In seillynge þey sesede [þey sesede] om. Cx.; þey cee|side, β.; hy cesede, γ.] þe tempest of þe see [seecyd, added in Cx.] by here holy prayers, and [they, added in Cx.] destroyed þat heresye by soþenesse [trouthe, Cx.] of lore, [loore, γ.; and techyng, Cx.] by schewynge of myracles, and by holynesse of lyf; þei helede [helide, β.; hy heelede, γ.] a blynde wenche [damysel, Cx.] of ten ȝere olde. Þan [Saynt, added in Cx.] Germayn wente anon to þe sepulcre of Seint Albon, and dede [dede] lefte, Cx.] þere holy relikes [relyquyes, Cx.] of apostles and of holy [holy] om. Cx.] martires; but he took wiþ hym reed erþe [eorþe, γ.] of þat [of þat] out of that holy, Cx.] place; þanne he wente forþ and savede þe place of his harborwe [harburgh, γ.; lodgynge, Cx.] wiþ al þat was hym bytake [hym bytake] delyverd hym, Cx.] from brennynge whan oþer men [mennes, Cx.] þinges were i-brend wiþ fuyre. And þanne he wente wiþ þe Britouns aȝenst þe Saxons [þe Saxons] om. γ.] þat were

associed to [associat unto, Cx.] þe Pictes; he cried þreis "Alleluia," and overcom þe enemyes wiþout schedynge of blood; and so þe ilond was i-clensed, and German tornede home aȝe. But þat heresye bygan to springe aȝen, and German was efte i-prayed forto come and helpe; þanne he come wiþ Lupus [and] added in γ.] his disciple Severus, and destroyede and dede awey þe errour, and tornede home aȝe; but he prayede Valentinianus at Raven for þe pees of [þe pees of] om. Cx.] men of Armorica, þat is Litel Bretayne, and deide; and by heste of þe emperour he was i-bore forto be buried at his owne chirche. After Marcianus Leo regnede seventene ȝere. In his firste ȝere Vortimerus [Vortigerus] [From Cx.] his sone deyde in a strong evel, and Hengistus, with his sone Osca, gadrede strengþe, and brouȝte to gydres his knyȝtes and men of arms þat were to [to] so, Cx.] sparpled [were dysparpled, γ.] and to schad, [to schad] departed, Cx.] and fouȝt strongliche aȝenst þe Bretouns at Krekanford. [Crecanford, β.; Crekenford, Cx.] Of hem were i-slawe foure dukes and foure þowsand of oþere men, and he chasede þe oþer del out of Kent anon to Londoun and þey tornede nevere after ward in to Kent, for his broþer Horsus was dede wiþ Categirnus to forhond;

his buriel is ȝit [ȝut, γ.] i-schewed in þe est side of Kent; and [soo] [soo, added from Cx.] þe kyndom of Kent bygan under Hengistus, þe eiȝteþe [eyghten, Cx.] ȝere after þe comynge of Saxons into Bretayne, and Hengistus regnede in Kent after [that] [From Cx.] foure and twenty ȝere. Þe heresye of the Acephales [Acepheles, Cx.] springeþ and encreseth; þey wiþseide [agaynesayd, Cx.] þe counsail Calsadonence; [Calcedonense, α.; Calcydo|nense, Cx.] þe Acephales beeþ i-seide as it were men wiþ oute hede, for hire auctor is unknowe. After Leo Hillari was pope seven ȝere. Hengistus and his sone Osca, atte Whiptes|flete, [Wyptisflete, α. and γ.; Wiptis|flete, β.; Wyptysflete, Cx.] slouȝ twelve dukes of Britouns, and was of þe Angeles i-slawe but oon þat heet Wypet, and þe place haþ þe name of hym þat hatte Wypetesflete, [Wypetysfleet, γ.] as it were þe fletyng [vletyng, γ.] of Wepet. [and þe place . . Wepet] om. Cx.] After Hillary Simplicius was pope fiftene ȝere; he ordeyned þat no clerk schulde fonge þe investiture of his benefys noþer of his offys of a lewed man his hond.