72 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 329. Nihon hy6ron 0 * f h (Japan review) A general magazine. Monthly. Begun in May, 1926. The first name given to this journal was Keizai 6rai (Events in economics). The name was changed to Nihon hyoron in October, 1935. Continued till the last stages of World War II. After the war it was reissued in April, 1946, and discontinued in June, 1951. Before the war, it was one of the four major general-interest magazines, and took considerable interest in literature. Its fiction included "Hachinensei (The eight-year system)," by Tokunaga Sunao; "Gendan (Dream talk),"and "Renkanki (An account of links)," by K6da Rohan; and "Nenashigusa (Rootless grass)," by Masamune Hakuch6. Among the works of the postwar era are "Hosokawa Garashiya fujin (Madame Galatia Hosokawa)," by Morita S6hei, and "Kaze to hono (Wind and flame)," by Noma Hiroshi. 330. Nihon romanha 0 A {-;{ (K-. (The Japanese Romantic School) A coterie magazine begun in March, 1935, and discontinued in March, 1938. Published at first by Musashino Shoin, and then by Seit6 Shob6. The first members of the Nihon R6manha circle included Ogata Takashi, Nakatani Takao, Jimbo K6tar6, Haga Mayumi, and Yodono Ryduz; Nakajima Eijir6, Ito Sakio, and Yasuda Yojuro from the circle publishing Kogito; and Kamei Katsuichir6 and Honjo Rikuo from the group gathered in Genjitsu t W (Reality). Later, Dazai Osamu, Yamagishi Gaishi, Dan Kazuo, Koyama Ydshi, and others of the circle publishing Aoi hana O. S (Blue flowers) joined the group. Each of these authors had his own opinions and literary style; it was left to Yasuda and Kamei to urge the re-examination and revival of the Japanese spirit. The nationalistic leaning thus manifest took a fascistic coloring in Nakagawa Yoichi's "Minzoku bunka shugi (The principle of a people's culture)." The magazine revived Japanese classical literature and played an important part in support of Japanese militarism. Among the members, Yodono, Dazai, Dan, Koyama, and others left the group and followed their independent paths. In the field of fiction, "D6ke no hana (The flower of buffoonery)," by Dazai, was a major contribution to Nihon romanha. Nakamura Jihei and Ito Sakio also wrote stories, and Kamei contributed a column entitled "Ningen ky6iku A / f] _ (The education of man). Nihon romanha continued publication for three years before its suspension on account of financial difficulties. Yasuda and others joined Hayashi Fusao in the Shin-Nihon Bunka no Kai k 0 * - A ~ - (Association for a New Japanese Culture). Still others were attracted to rightist groups like the Dait6juku K. t t (The Great Eastern School). Kamei took refuge in Buddhism and Yamagishi in Christianity as Japan approached World War II. 331. Nihon shidan 0 fil 4L A (Japanese circles of the long poem) A monthly journal begun in March, 1935, in an attempt to provide a national magazine devoted to the long poem. Combined Shisho -f - (Poetic chapters), edited by Yoshikawa Norihiko, and Kansai shidan 1. l AS: (Kansai circles of the long poem), edited by Yoshizawa Dokuyo. Discontinued in 1944, just after its 124th number, but in March, 1949, it resumed publication. Discontinued again in December, 1950, it was revived in January, 1956, and has continued publication till the present day. A supplementary publication is entitled Nihon min'yo y 0 6 (Japanese folk songs). After Yoshikawa's death in 1949 the editorship and management passed to Yoshizawa. Directed toward students, teachers, and office workers; also tries to appeal to the rural population. Numbered among its contributors are found such important authors of the long poem as Shimazaki Toson, Kitahara Hakushu, Kawai Suimei, Miki Rofa, Kawaji Ryiuk, Origuchi Shinobu, Takamura K6taro, Mur5 Saisei, Hagiwara Sakutar6, Shiratori Shogo, Horiguchi Daigaku, Kitagawa Fuyuhiko, Kusano Shimpei, and Murano Shiro. 332. Nihon sh6setsu e ~ '1. >f (Japanese fiction) A monthly literary magazine issued from May, 1947, through November, 1948. It tried to "recapture the feeling that fiction should give us something that is just next to actual life." It also inserted many illustrations as a means of enjoyment for readers living in a desolate post-war Japan, and become one of the first magazines to introduce the middle-length novel. Among the major works published in Nihon sh6setsu are "Watakushi wa ikiru (I shall live)," by Hirabayashi Taiko; "Basha monogatari (Story of a carriage)," by Ishizaka Y6jiroC; "Ningen moy6 (A mortal pattern)," by Niwa Fumio; and "Furenzoku satsujin jiken (A discontinuous murder case)," by Sakaguchi Ango. 333. Ningen,A N (Man) A literary magazine which appeared each month from January, 1946, through August, 1951. Published at first by Kamakura Bunko, a publishing company which had been established by some authors living in Kamakura, including Kume Masao, Kawabata Yasunari, Takami Jun, and Nakayama Gishi. Published afterwards by Meguro Shoten. Taking in the modern thought of Western Europe, Ningen, as a versatile generalinterest magazine, introduced the works of many writers, both those already accepted and those of the postwar age. Among the more notable contributions are the stories "Akagaeru (Red frog)," by Shimagi Kensaku; "Seso (A phase of life)," by Oda Sakunosuke; "Sei Yohane ByOin nite (At St.John's Hospital)," by Kambayashi Akatsuki; "Saishi kajin (A wit and beauty)," by Takeda Taijun; "Omoigusa (The grass of remembrance)," and "Omoigawa (The river of mutual love)," by Uno Koji; "Bisho (A smile)," by Yokomitsu Riichi; "Aru hareta hi ni (On a certain fine day)," by Kato Sh-uichi; and "Fuji sancho (The summit of Mt. Fuji)," by Hashimoto Eikichi. The plays "Kitii taifu (Typhoon kitty)," by Fukuda Tsuneari, and Michi tokaran (The road will be long)," by Kishida Kunio, and the pieces of criticism "Dobutsu, shokubutsu, kobutsu (Animals, plants, and minerals)," by Hanada Kiyoteru, and "Kyosanshugi-teki ningen (Communistic people)," by Odagiri Hideo were also published in Ningen.