Frontmatter

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Page  I CENTER FOR JAPANESE STUDIES BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SERIES NUMBER 7 CELN I 'R FO. JAPANESE STUDIES 108 LANE HALL UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN JAPANESE RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY: A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS

Page  II Composition and Lithoprinted by BRAUN-BRUMFIELD, Inc. Ann Arbor, Michigan

Page  III JAPANESE RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY: A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS Donald Holzman, with Motoyama Yukihiko and others ANN ARBOR * THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS * 1959 Published for The Center for Japanese Studies

Page  IV Copyright ~ 1959 by The University of Michigan Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press and simultaneously in Toronto, Canada, by Ambassador Books, Ltd. Manufactured in the United States of America

Editor's Foreword on the Bibliographical Series

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Page  V EDITOR'S FOREWORD ON THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SERIES The Bibliographical Series of the Center for Japanese Studies has for its main purpose the listing and evaluating of the major Japanese works pertaining to the humanities and social sciences, particularly as they deal with Japan and the areas immediately adjacent to Japan. It is assumed that Western materials pertaining to Japan are adequately covered in the bibliographies of Pages, von Wenckstern, Nachod, Praesent-Haenisch, Pritchard, Gaskill, the annual bibliographies of the Association for Asian Studies (formerly the Far Eastern Association), etc., and that Western specialists in the several fields will know how to get at the Western materials in their respective fields. The bibliographies in the present series are intended to serve as an introduction to the native research materials in the several disciplines and hence as an aid to research for teachers and students. In each case an attempt has been made to describe or to evaluate each work that is listed, or at least to justify the inclusion of each item. Scholars and librarians will perhaps find that the several bibliographies in this series will serve as useful guides to buying programs which they may wish to initiate. The bibliographies are selective. Each item listed is believed to be of some value or interest to the scholarly user. In those cases in which it has been impossible to examine a book or article of known value, it still is included. A book or article is thus included if it is written by a competent scholar, if it is included in a bibliography which is itself competently compiled, if it appears to treat its subject matter in detail and with an approach to completeness, if it is frequently quoted, if it is well reviewed, or if it is referred to as being authoritative. Wherever possible, notes as to why an item seems to be of value have been given. The scope of each bibliography is defined by the compiler or compilers in their introductions, but in general each of the bibliographies lists (a) important source materials, and (b) secondary sources dating from a fixed date in the recent past, as, for instance, the Meiji Restoration, 1900, 1910, etc. Although the materials in most cases deal with the Japanese islands, each compiler has set the limits of the geographical area which his materials cover. In certain cases expansion into areas that lie outside Japan appears to be justified by the fact that Japanese research has been the dominant research for these areas. Hence one or more of the bibliographies will cover Japanese materials on Formosa, Korea, Manchuria, and the Mandated Islands. The format is uniform within each volume. In general the name of each author or compiler is given both in romanization and characters. The surnames are given first and the given names next, as the practice is in Japan. The names of corporate authors, such as government offices, are given in romanization and characters; they are then translated. The title of each book or article is given in romanization and characters; it is then translated. The place of publication and the name of the publisher are given in romanization alone, but a separate listing within each bibliography gathers together the names of the publishers, with the characters used in writing their names. This listing is found as an appendix in each volume. 1. Long a, o, and u are indicated by macrons over the vowels. 2. Only the first letters of initial words and proper nouns are capitalized. 3. In the bibliographical data, the compilers have given both the edition and the printing of the work cited. Significant textual variations sometimes occur between different printings of the same edition of a given work. 4. When dealing with an item composed of one volume, complete pagination is generally given for that volume, including all separately paged sections. If any title is in more than one volume, only the total number of volumes is given, without paging. 5. In the event that the item cited happens to be part of a series or collection, the compilers have given in brackets introduced by an equals sign the title, characters, and translated title of that series or collection and the number of the volume concerned. 6. Works such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, yearbooks, series, and collections are cited by title; the name of the editor or compiler, in romanization and characters, is usually given after the title. 7. In the case of articles found in journals, quotation marks surround the Japanese title, characters, and translated title. 8. Abbreviations are explained in lists, if necessary. 9. If any volume of a journal is continuously paged, number and month may be omitted. If it has both continuous volume pagination and separate pagination for each issue, only the volume, year, and the continuous volume pagination may be given. If more than one volume appears in any single year, and each is separately and continuously paged, the procedure has been to give the volume, inclusive months of the issues in the volume, year, and continuous volume pagination (the last where easilyascertainable). 10. If an article comprises a chapter or a section of a book which is a compilation of articles by a number of authors, this fact is shown by inserting the word "in" between the title of the article and the compilation in which it is found. Following the "in, " a complete citation of the book in question is given. 11. All descriptions, evaluations, criticisms, and comments pertaining to a volume or article follow the citations in separate, indented paragraphs. 12. A list of the standard professional journals is given whenever found to be convenient. v

Page  VI These remarks revise in a few particulars the Editor's Foreword appearing in numbers 1-6 of the present Bibliographical Series. When the Series was begun in 1950, it was hoped to indicate for each of the items listed in each bibliography, the American libraries which own it. However, Far Eastern libraries in the United States have recently made such substantial additions to their Japanese collections that it is no longer possible or necessary to show the location of each item. The key libraries today possess union catalogues that indicate where particular volumes may be found. Joseph K. Yamagiwa vi

Author's Introduction

pp. vii

Page  VII AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION The following guide is limited to Japanese books dealing with the doctrines and histories of the religions and philosophies of Japan: there are no scholarly journals and no works dealing, for example, with purely literary or artistic manifestations of the various religions and philosophies that Japan has produced or nurtured. Within these limitations an attempt has been made to include all important books in Japanese on Japanese religion and philosophy published since the Meiji era. These limitations have been imposed for two reasons. In the first place, it was discovered, after an exhaustive list had been made, that almost all the important Japanese scholarly journals dealing with Japanese religion and philosophy had been included in Professor J. W. Hall's Japanese History: A Guide to Japanese Research and Reference Materials (Ann Arbor, 1954), the fourth volume of the Center for Japanese Studies' Bibliographical Series (entries 619-629). There are literally hundreds of other periodicals dealing with one aspect or another of Japanese religion (mainly the publications of individual sects), but their scholarly value is so slight, they are so difficult to procure, and their interest is so limited that it has been decided (perhaps unwisely) not to include any periodicals at all in the present guide. In the second place, works dealing with purely literary or artistic facets of religion and philosophy have been eschewed because their inclusion would have demanded the examination of a mass of material related to but not germane to the more immediate purposes for which this guide was projected. In addition, it is necessary to state that the books appearing in this guide have been carefully restricted to Japanese aspects of the various religions and philosophies treated. In spite of the fact that Japanese Buddhism should be studied against the background of Indian and especially Chinese Buddhism, and Japanese Confucianism against the background of Chinese Confucianism, no works dealing exclusively with any except Japanese Buddhism or Japanese Confucianism have been included. The only exception to this rule are the Japanese editions of the "canonical works" of these two fields: of the Tripitaka and of the Confucian canon. If even only the best of the very large body of Japanese works dealing with Chinese and Indian philosophies and religions had been included, the guide would have been almost doubled in size. Japanese religion and philosophy, aside from these limitations, has been construed toinclude all works concerning religious, ethical, moral, and, to some extent, even political and educational thinkers and movements. The entire history of Japan has been covered and an attempt has been made to include all of the noteworthy books on a given subject even if they are out of proportion with the subject's historical importance. The form followed is close to the above mentioned guide by Professor Hall. The remark, "Cf. Hall," followed by a number, refers to the entry in his guide. In general the remarks made here complement rather than repeat those made by Professor Hall. I should never have been able to achieve my work if it had not been for the very important aid given me from the very beginning to the very end by my Japanese friends. Mr. Motoyama Yukihiko of the Japanese section of the Institute for Research in the Humanistic Sciences (Jimbun Kagaku Kenkyusho) of Kyoto is my most important creditor, for almost all the books, exclusive of those dealing with Buddhism, were chosen with his help. Rev. Fujiyoshi Jikai of the Main section of the Institute and a nun from Otani University helped me with the part devoted to Buddhism. In the early stages of our work Mr. Amagasaki Tokuichi scoured the libraries of Kyoto, from Otani in the north to Ryukoku in the south, and the Shuppan nenkan (Publishers' annual), for pertinent books. In Tokyo, Mr. Kanai Madoka and one of his colleagues from the Tokyo University Historiographical Institute very kindly examined my entire manuscript. In Ann Arbor Mrs. Sonoe Richards gave unstintingly of her time and energy to help me correct errors and assemble the index. In Paris, M. Bernard Frank very kindly showed me his rich Japanological library together with an important selection of new books he had just brought back from Japan. I thank also the Ford Foundation which enabled me to go to Japan with a grant for 1954-1956 and the directors of the Center for Japanese Studies, Professor R. B. Hall and Professor J. W. Hall, both of whom gave immediate, sympathetic, and generous financial assistance for the project. I thank finally the editor of the Series, Professor Joseph K. Yamagiwa, who has very kindly undertaken the arduous task of seeing the manuscript through the press. A bibliography of this kind is almost necessarily out of date before it appears. My only hope is that Japanese Religion and Philosophy will be a useful guide for the present and a helpful basis for the future author of a work designed to take its place. D. H.

Page  VIII

Page  IX TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor's Foreword...................... v Author's Introduction...................................... vii Entries Page I. GENERAL 1. Collections a. General.......... 1-10 11-16 1 2 b. Tokugawa.............................. 2. Histories and Historical Studies - a. General Histories.........................., b. Historical Studies 1) General............................ 2) Ancient Period......................... 3) Medieval Period........................ 4) Tokugawa Period........................ c. Histories of Ethical Thought....................., d. Religion, 1) General Histories........................ -2) Historical Studies....................... 3) Folk Religion.......................... 4) Mythology......................... *e. Histories of Social and Economic Thought............. 17-30 3 31-46 47-54 55-63 64-78 79-83 4 6 6 7 9 84-84 87-96 97-102 103-108 109 -119 9 10 11 11 12 II. SHINTO 1. Reference. Works a. Bibliographies and Indices.. b. Encyclopedias and Dictionaries c. Collections......... 2. Histories a. General Histories...... b. Historical Studies...... 3. Doctrine............. 4. Shrines a. Historical.......... b. Doctrinal.......... 5. The Emperor.......... III. BUDDHISM 1. Reference Materials a. Collections......... b. Bibliographies........ c. Dictionaries and Chronologies. 2. Histories a. General........... b. Historical Studies...... 3. General Doctrine......... 4. Individual Sects a. The Nara Sects and Shotoku Ta b. Tendai........... c. Shingon........... d. J6do............ e. J6do Shin.......... f. Zen 1) Rinzai Zen....... 2) Soto Zen........ g. Nichiren........... 5. Modern Movements........ IV. CONFUCIANISM 1. Reference Materials....... 2. Histories and Historical Studies...................... 120-123.................... 124-128..................... 129-137.................... 138-141.................... 142-154.................... 155-171.................... 172-180.................... 181-190.................... 191-197.................... 198-215.................... 216-220.................... 221-234.................... 235-245.............................. 246-279.................... 280-309 Lishi.................. 310-330.................... 331-349.................... 350-369.................... 370-399.................... 400-453.................... 454-483.................... 484-510.................... 511-526.................... 527-544 13 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 27 29 31 32 34 36 39 41 44 45.................. 545-555.................. 556-583 46 47

Page  X Entries Page 3. Individual Schools a. Shushi 1) Miscellaneous Thinkers.................... 2) Yamazaki Ansai and his School................ 3) Arai Hakuseki........................ 4) Mito School......................... 5) Late Tokugawa Political Thinkers............... b. Yomei............................... c. Kogaku.............................. d. Independent Thinkers 1) M iura Baien......................... 2) The Sat: Family....................... 3) Ninomiya Sontoku....................... 4) Shingaku........................... 5) Others............................ V. BUSHIDO, KOKUGAKU AND YOGAKU 1. Bushido a. Sources.............................. b. Historical Studies......................... 2. Kokugaku a. Reference Materials........................ b. Historical Studies......................... c. Individual Thinkers 1) Kada Azumamaro....................... 2) Kamo Mabuchi........................ 3) Motoori Norinaga....................... 4) Hirata Atsutane........................ 5) Others.............................584-595 596-604 605-607 608-622 623-633 634-646 647-657 50 51 52 52 53 54 55 658-662 663-667 668-677 678-684 685-695 56 56 57 57 58 696-700 701-710 59 59 711-718 719-731 60 61 732-733 734-737 738-742 743-748 749-759 62 62 63 63 64 3. Y6gaku a. Collections..... b. Historical Studies.. c. Individual Thinkers. VI. CHRISTIANITY 1. General Histories..... ' 2. Kirishitan and Catholic 3. Protestantism a. General....... b. Individual Thinkers...................................................................... 760-762 763-767 768-774 65 65 65 775-777 778-793 66 66 794-805 806-825 68 69 VII. MEIJI AND AFTER 1. General a. Collections and Histories...................... 826-847 b. Individual Thinkers 1) Fukuzawa Yukichi....................... 848-855 2) Others............................ 856-870 2. Philosophy a. General.............................. 871-872 b. Individual Philosophers 1) Inoue Tetsujir6....................... 873-874 2) Hatano Seiichi........................ 875-879 3) Nishida Kitar6........................ 880-888 4) Nishi Shin'ichir6.. 889-894 5) Tanabe Hajime........................ 895-898 6) Others............................ 899-914 3. Sect Shinto and the New Religions..915-944 4. Nationalistic Thought a. Historical............................. 945-966 b. Doctrine............................. 967-981 c. Fascism............................. 982-992 70 72 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 78 80 82 83 APPENDIX I - List of Publishers..... APPENDIX II - List of Authors and Editors. APPENDIX III - Subject Index............................................................................................... 85 91 97

General

pp. 1-12

Page  1 JAPANESE RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS I. GENERAL In this section are collected all works touching on more than one of the aspects of Japanese thought into which this bibliography is divided. Any work, therefore, concerned with general thought history or collecting materials on more than one of the traditional religions or philosophies is to be found under this rubric. The only exceptions to this rule are the general works concerned exclusively with the Meiji period and those devoted to nationalism or to ultra-nationalistic propaganda. These latter are interesting for the light they throw upon the fascist philosophies of the war period and have therefore been put into a subsection (4) of Chapter VII. 1. COLLECTIONS We have no really comprehensive collection of materials devoted entirely to philosophy and religion. Those collections we do have are either specialized to a particular period (Entries 8 and 9) or a particular aspect (usually nationalistic) of Japanese thought (Entries 3 and 5). The great series, such as the Iwanami Bunko (Entry 7) and the Yuhodo Bunko (Hall, 518), are devoted to all aspects of Japanese culture, and only partially to Japanese thought. The best, if somewhat personal, collection we have for the entire length of Japanese history is probably that of Saegusa Hiroto (Entry 1). For the Tokugawa period coverage is better. Entry 10 is only incidentally a collection of materials: it is primarily an excellent bibliography of Japanese history with only very short excerpts from historical materials which serve as illustrations. a. General 1. Saegusa Hiroto _- j 1-' 1, ed., Nihon tetsugaku zensho f *- t -/ (A complete collection of Japanese philosophy), Tokyo, Daiichi Shob6, 1936-, 12v. An important and original selection soon to be re-published of the most interesting works of Japanese philosophy, arranged in three sections: I (General): Buddhism, Confucianism, Kokugaku, "Western" philosophy; II (Natural philosophy): the natural philosophies of Buddhists, doctors, astronomers, physicists, Confucianists, etc.; III (Human philosophy): works on history (Jinno shotoki etc.) economics, aesthetics, religion, and the military arts. 2. Fujita Tokutaro ~45c-fp and others, ed., Nihon seishin bunka taikei, 4'q { % (Compendium of Japanese spiritual culture), T6ky6, Kinseido, 1934-, 10v. Excerpts from works which illustrate the main currents of thought in various periods, arranged chronologically and preceded by short essays describing the general intellectual atmosphere of each period. Cf. Hall, 475. 3. Inoue Tetsujir6o 4b- J f~, ed., Dai-Nihon bunko ] (The Great Japan Library), Tokyo, Shun'y6do, 1934 - 1941, 46v. + 57v. The reproduction and translation into modern Japanese of the standard classics, with commentaries and useful bibliographies. This series was assembled with a nationalistic bias and presents only patriotic texts. The coverage is fairly large. Cf. Hall, 498. 4. Adachi Shirokichi _z - p ', Dai-Nihon fukyo sosho t E{ * ' _ r (Series on public morals of Japan), T6ky6, Dai-Nihon Fukyo Sosho KankOkai, 1919-21, 10v. Selected works on morals beginning with Shotoku Taishi and including important Buddhist, Shinto, and Confucianist scholars. The popular ethicists of the Tokugawa period and Shingaku leaders conclude the collection. Cf. Hall, 472. 5. Kato Totsudo 'tk L' and others, ed., Nihon seishin bunken sosho E l ~ ~ ~_~ (A miscellany of materials on Japanese intellectual history), Toky6, Daito Shuppansha, 1938-40, 17v. There is a tendency towards an over-emphasis of nationalism and of works dealing with reverence for the emperor in these selections. Although they are not comprehensive, they contain works within their prejudice not often produced elsewhere. 6. Date Mitsuyoshi tL tf Jt, Nihon shukyo seido shiryo ruijuko e *. t _' JL '4 4 _ (Classified and annotated collection of historical source materials on Japanese religious institutions), Tokyo, Ganshodo, 1930, 758 pp. Part one contains historical materials, part two laws dealing with religious institutions, from the sixth to the twentieth centuries. The emphasis is on Buddhism. Cf. Hall, 476.

Page  2 2 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 7. Iwanami Shigeo i t, ed., Iwanami bunko,-AQJf- (The Iwanami library), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1927-. An enormous collection of almost all the important works of Japanese literature and philosophy edited, annotated, and sometimes translated into modern Japanese by authoritative scholars. Many of the works are of particular interest to the student of Japanese thought. Cf. Hall, 501. 8. Takeuchi Riz6o TF l` f -, ed., Nara ibun O.jy i (Documents remaining from the Nara period), Tokyo, Yagi Shoten, Tokyodo, 1934-44, 2v. Important texts dealing with politics, religion, economics, literature, and biography, including collections of poetry, letters, monumental inscriptions, etc., all of the Nara period, accompanied by detailed commentaries. Cf. Hall, 389. 9. Takeuchi Rizo T 8, ed., Heian ibun - a_ (Documents remaining from the Heian period), T6ky6, T5kyodo, 1947-, 6v. to date. Similar to the above, but concerning the Heian period (790-1100). Cf. Hall, 388. 10. Sekai Rekishi Jiten Henshubu - t,~ ) jJ —*` p, ed., Sekai rekishi jiten dai-nijuni-kan Shiryohen Nihon 7F4_ N 2Z E$ l (The dictionary of world history: v.22, Section on historical materials: Japan), Tokyo, Heibonsha, 1955, 32+601+49pp. An extraordinarily useful annotated bibliography of Japanese history which contains many useful sections on thought history. Both primary and secondary sources are carefully and critically, although briefly, commented upon and excerpts of important textual source materials are quoted. This volume also contains excellent charts and maps of great convenience to the historian. A first-rate work. b. Tokugawa 11. Kinsei shakai keizai gakusetsu taikei f-ri 4-/c L, x —'/c.j/. iv (Compendium of early modern social and economic theories), T6kyo, Seibund6, 1935-37, 18v. An important series of works by the most important social and economic thinkers of the Tokugawa period. There are biographies and very good annotations by some of the best modern scholars. Cf. Hall, 989. 12. Uemura Katsuya -F — t S, Dai-Nihon shis6 zenshu: X 0 E4i: (Complete collection on Japanese thought), Tokyo, Dai-Nihon Shis6 Zenshu Kank6kai, 1931-36, 18v. In spite of its title only works by Tokugawa writers are included. Within this period, however, the coverage is very good; translations into modern Japanese, biographies, and glossaries further make this collection very useful. Cf. Hall, 473. 13. Washio Junkei i,j '1,, ed., Nihon shis6 t6so shiryo El2, - l3 ~ $- (Historical materials on the quarrels in Japanese thought), T6kyo, T6oh Shoin, 1930-31, 10v. A selection of the most important materials on the arguments among Confucianists, Buddhists, and Shintoists during the Tokugawa period. Each volume contains one phase of the discussion: vol. 1, Arguments between Confucianists and Buddhists; 2, The coming together of Confucianists and Buddhists; 4, Quarrels among Shintoists, Confucianists and Buddhists; 10, Oppression of the Christians; etc., with explanatory notes, translations into literary Japanese, introductions to each essay, and short biographies of their authors. 14. Nihon sentetsu sosho 0 2 L,:~ (A miscellany of former Japanese sages), Tokyo, Kobundo, 1936-, 6v. Representative works by important Tokugawa thinkers with short biographies and explanations by specialists. Includes Yamaga Soko, Yoshida Shoin, etc. 15. Nait5 Chis6o 9 4 Z'_, ed., Sh6nen hitsudoku Nihon bunko 'j74- V Q' 84 (Necessary readings for the young: the Japan library), T6ky6, Hakubunkan, 1891, 12v. Some of the most famous works of the important Confucianists (and other thinkers) of the Tokugawa period are included in this anthology of "Great Books" for young people. Books 7 and 9 contain convenient chronological tables. 16. Sentetsu z6den; Kinsei kijinden; hyakka kik6den t\ t;x - jfI +& A ~P - T (Biographical portraits of former sages; biographies of exceptional men of recent times; The rare actions of many men) (in Yuhod6 bunko ~ P/t5 t (Yuhodo series), Toky6, Yiuhod, 1914, 824pp. This volume contains three biographical collections of the Tokugawa period. The first, by Hara Yoshitane, includes about 20 Confucianists beginning with Fujiwara Seika; the second, by Ban Kokei, a Kokugaku scholar, contains short biographies of famous leaders, literary figures, etc.; and the third, by the story-writer Yajima Gotake, is interesting for the light it throws on the awakening of social consciousness during the Tokugawa period.

Page  3 GENERAL 3 2. HISTORIES AND HISTORICAL STUDIES With the exception of general works on the Meiji and more modern periods (for which, see Chapter VII), all general historical works are included in this section. It therefore contains perhaps the most important works for the non-specialist as well as collections of specialized studies too varied to be included in any other section of this bibliography. a. General Histories Only those surveys which describe the entire length of Japanese history have been included in this section. Thefirst six authors whose works are listed are among the most distinguished in the field and their general histories can always be consulted with profit. It should be pointed out, however, that none of these works can be considered definitive. One of the best among them, entry 17, is really a history of literary thought and thus ignores some of the problems one would expect to find treated in a general history. Section c, "Ethical thought histories," contains several entries, in particular entry 79, that may be consulted as general thought histories. 17. Tsuda Sokichi -,J, Bungaku ni arawaretaru kokumin shiso no kenkyu jt d ilS3 lot ') VtC (Studies in the nation's thought as it appears in literature), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1951-55, 4v. Perhaps the best comprehensive history of Japanese thought, written by a very brilliant and highly respected specialist in both Chinese and Japanese philosophy. As stated in its title, the materials used are not restricted to the "thinkers" in a narrow sense, so that a very complete portrait is presented of the thought which permeated Japanese life from the beginnings of its literature until modern times. The volumes include: 1, "The period of aristocratic literature" (through the Heian period); 2, "The period of chivalrous literature" (the period of warring clans); 3,4, and 5, "The period of popular literature" (the Tokugawa period). Volume 5 has not yet (end of 1955) appeared. Cf. Hall, 1431. 18. Kiyohara Sadao ).8, Nihon shis-oshi B.Jj_,Jodai kokumin no seishin seikatsu.I- 4- g| j E l ) (History of Japanese thought: The spiritual life of the nation's people in antiquity), Toky6, Chubunkan, ed. 2, 1940, 362pp.; Narach6 kokumin no seishin seikatsu ~ B e a) t 5A (The spiritual life of the nation' speople during the Nara period), 1933, 285pp.; Heianch6 Kokumino no seishin seikatsu 44-_A yR/v),1 - (The spiritual life of the nation's people during the Heian period), 1935, 311pp.; Chusei kokumin no seishin seikatsu -f_&,~j) k # )A (The spiritual life of the nation's people during the Middle Ages), 1939, 396pp.; Asuka Hakuho kokumin no seishin seikatsu I.L u t j lI, Lka 6 qj t (The spiritual life of the nation's people during the Asuka and Hakuh5 periods), 1940, 239pp.; Kinsei kokumin no seishin seikatsu i-(r- | ( 0) ' a i/ (The spiritual life of the nation's people in modern times), 1943, 351pp. These six volumes represent a comprehensive history of Japanese thought told in a clear and easy and yet scholarly fashion, with some reference to sources and some bibliography. 19. Kiyohara Sadao lj A.!, Kaitei Nihon kokumin shis6shi Zj g X; J (Revised history of Japanese national thought), Toky6, Hobunkan, 1937, 685pp. An authoritative history of Japanese thought, moral consciousness, and beliefs to the end of the Tokugawa era. Cf. Hall, 1413. '20. Tsuji Zennosuke i-t i.]-, Nihon bunkashi B, j4tj (Cultural history of Japan), Tokyo, Shunjuisha, 1949-50, 7v.; also, 1953, 4v. A good cultural history with emphasis upon foreign influences by an authority on Japanese Buddhist history. Lacking in references and notes, this history nevertheless provides the most comprehensive background for the history of Japanese thought. Cf. Hall, 716. 21. Tsuji Zennosuke i4-L -, Nisshi bunka no korydu 4 'S_,,Aj (The exchanges between Japanese and Chinese culture), T6ky6, S6gensha, 1938, 218pp. Covers the intellectual and general cultural relations between Japan and China from antiquity through the Tokugawa period. 22. Furukawa Tesshi t "1I t, ed., Nihon shis6shi B t. jfc (History of Japanese thought), Toky6, Kadokawa Shoten, 1954, 294+13pp. The ethicist, Professor Furukawa, and four of his young students in a brilliant series of essays which relate the history of Japanese thought. The social and political background is strongly —too strongly in the first chapter — emphasized. A good index helps remedy the rather awkward, non-chronological arrangement. 23. Nishida Naojiro r v At- -p, Nihon bunkashi josetsu 0 -.., _ j (An introduction to the history of Japanese culture), Tokyo, Kaiz6sha, 1937, 5+27+645pp. Since the author's conception of a cultural history (discussed in the first section of this book) includes not only thought but learning, religion, esthetics, and the arts and crafts, this famous history is of particular value to the student of Japanese thought. It includes seven brilliant chapters, each devoted to an incisive, general view of a particular period's intellectual tendencies, to the end of Meiji. Cf. Hall,706.

Page  4 4 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 24. Muraoka Tsunetsugu*;.lf-*,-, Nihon bunkashi gaisetsu s, JiL4 Lj (Introduction to Japanese cultural history), T6kyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1949, 148pp. A long essay by a master of the subject showing the perenniality of the Japanese spirit in spite of the multitudinous foreign influences to which it has been exposed. A good introduction which covers the history of Japan from earlist times until the end of the Tokugawa period. Cf. Hall, 700. 25. Takeoka Katsuya Art J b-W,Nihon shis6shi g*-._ (History of Japanese thought), T6ky6, Ris6sha, 1943, 326pp. A popular survey of the subject in essay form which covers the entire history of Japanese thought until after the Meiji Restoration. 26. Shigematsu Nobuhiro ii \A, Nihon shis6shi tsuron g X..i: (Introduction to the history of Japanese thought), T6ky6, Risosha, 1944, 276pp. Concerned mainly with the development of indigenous thought as it was affected by foreign influences, the author treats social and artistic life as well as religion and philosophy. Written during the war, the emphasis is on "intrinsic" Japanese thought, but other aspects of the subject are also well covered. 27. Kono Shbozo 4- E -, Nihon seishin hattatsushi a It!W1._xO (History of the development of the Japanese spirit), Tokyo, Ookayama Shoten, rev. ed., 1939, 406pp. A series of essays covering almost the entire range of the history of Japanese thought by a former head of the Kokugakuin. An ultra-conservative, he presents the well-known nationalistic biases of his confrerie. Cf. Hall, 1416. 28. Tanaka Yoshito O4tt, Nihon shisoshi gaisetsu e *! 1: t*,L (Introduction to the history of Japanese thought), Tokyo, Nihon Gakujutsu KenkyUikai, enl. and rev. ed., 1943, 3+1+12+247pp. Written by a Shinto scholar, this plainly-composed introduction takes the thought of the ancient classics and legends and shows how it developed under foreign influences, from prehistoric times to the Meiji era. Marred by its one-sided, Shinto-nationalistic prejudice. 29. Endo Ryukichi l t.-|, Nihon shakai no hattatsu oyobi shisO no hensen S 4i4 L0- -0)" (The development of Japanese society and the changes in its thought), T6kyo, Dobunkan, 1904, 2+2+5+9+236pp. An old book, interesting because of the light it throws on the tendencies of Meiji historiography and because it was written before the imperial suppression of scholarship. 30. Ishida Bunshiro,& WLr^ftp, Shintei zoho Nihon kokumin shisoshi kowa*;,t 0 U;i 4 Xk-4 _tP (Talks on the history of the Japanese people, revised and enlarged), Tokyo, Nishodo Shoten, 1929, 2+1+22+441+30pp. Especially noteworthy for its treatment of the thought of the common people from antiquity to the beginning of the Sh6wa era. The discussion of the thought of the proletarian movement from Meiji down is particularly interesting. b. Historical Studies This category is extremely important, for it contains collections of articles by almost all the famous Japanese scholars in the field on almost every aspect of Japanese thought. Most of the studies are specialized and many of them are essential reference material; but since they are on varied problems it is impossible to arrange them in any more convenient general categories than the arrangement by periods below. Meiji materials have again been set aside in Chapter VII, although some materials dealing with Meiji social and economic thought will be found in Chapter I, 2, e. 1) General 31. Fujimura Hakase K6seki Kinenkai ~ t ~,-t4 - r (Society Commemorating the meritorious works of Dr. Fujimura), ed., Kokubungaku to Nihon seishin _; Y 0.# (National literature and the Japanese spirit ), T6ky6, Shibund6, 1936, 2+2+5+635pp. A Festschrift for Fujimura Tsukuru, authority on Japanese literature; of uneven value, but generally interesting for the light it throws on the intellectual background of the monogatari or tales, songs, poems, novels, etc. 32. Muraoka Tsunetsugu.VA f 1W- S), Nihon shis6shi kenkydu e 3;- O. f e (Studies in Japanese intellectual history), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1930, 1939, 1948, 1949, 4v. These four volumes are collections of some of the most important articles by one of the greatest living scholars of the history of Japanese thought. Volume 1 includes diverse studies on Shint6 and Kokugaku; volume 2 deals with methodology, "The special characteristics of Japanese Shint6," etc.; volume 3 has diverse studies on medieval and Tokugawa thought; and volume 4, survey histories of Japanese thought, spirit, philosophy, Shint6 morality, etc. Cf. Hall, 1420.

Page  5 GENERAL 5 33. Watsuji Tetsur6 -v iL t,p, Nihon seishinshi kenkyiu ~ ~; ' fC_. j (Studies in Japanese spiritual history), T6kyd, Iwanami Shoten, 1926; rev. ed., 1940, 4+6+446pp. Important essays concerned mainly with literature and esthetics, but including two excellent studies in the history of thought: "Political theories in the Asuka and Nara periods" and "The Priest DOgen." 34. Watsuji Tetsur6o % L, Zoku-Nihon seishinshi kenkyii,4. g 0, (Studies in Japanese spiritual history, continued), Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1935, 461pp. _ A continuation of the book mentioned above; contains articles on art, linguistics, and Buddhist thought. Cf. Hall, 1432. 35. Nait6 Torajir-o N. A_;kt', Nihon bunkashi kenkyu C 4 -, $t f tL (Studies in Japanese cultural history), Toky6, Kobund6, 1924; enlarged 8th ed., 1946, 3+2+421 pp. Original and provocative essays by one of the twentieth century's greatest Sinologists. Beginning with a definition of Japanese culture, it includes essays on "Conditions in ancient Japan," "Shotoku Taishi," "Kobo Daishi," "The independence of Japanese culture," "The Onin rebellion," "Learning and the Osaka merchants," "Materials for Restoration history," etc. Cf. Hall, 701. 36. Tsuda Sokichi 1 W t- i, Shina shiso to Nihon; o J. Sf1 t (Chinese thought and Japan), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1939, 222pp. Concerned mainly with Confucianism, these highly original essays contend that there has been little or no lasting influence of Chinese thought on the every-day lives of the Japanese common people. Essays on the meaning of "Oriental" and "Occidental" thought are appended. Cf. Hall, 1396. 37. Kiyohara Sadao A,.13. A, Gairai shis5 no Nihonteki hattatsu S \- A ~. q 0; f- 4'l. (The Japanese development of imported thought), Osaka, Shobunkan, 1944, 1+204pp. How Buddhism and Confucianism entered Japan and how they were digested there — from the time of their importation until the Tokugawa period. 38. Tokushige Asakichi ~t A, Nihon bunkashi no kenkyiu 0g L jU bjL 9, (Studies in Japanese cultural history), T6ky6, Meguro Shoten, 1938, 4+2+384pp. A severely philological approach to the basic problems of the cultural history of Japan. The 13 chapters touch on almost all periods and include studies on the Genji monogatari, Shdtoku Taishi, the practical reasons for the Meiji restoration, etc. 39. Saegusa Hiroto _t, Nihon no shis6 bunka a;j 0) j-. j (Japanese thought-culture), T6ky6, Daiichi Shob6, 1938, 357pp.; rev. and enlarged ed., 1942, 276pp. As its somewhat neo-logistic title suggests, this is an original book which attempts to interpret Japanese thought by Japanese standards. Applying a method which he developed out of his study of Miura Baien, the author discusses general topics ("The specific quality of Japanese culture," "the Japanese interpretation of nature," "Japanese Buddhism," "The problem of Shinto as a religion, "etc.). 40. Nishioka Toranosuke i 1 It L], ed., Nihon shis6shi no kenkyiu a. 0j g~ $~ (Studies in the history of Japanese thought), Tokyo, Sh6kasha, 1936, 400pp. Collected essays by various hands which include "The leading theories of the Taika Reform" (Nishioka); "An essay on Taoism during the Nara period" (Kuroita Masao); "Introduction to the theories of women becoming Buddhas" (Endo Moto); "Reversals of the honseki theories" (Ishimura Yoshisuke); "Scientific cosmology" (Abe Makoto); "The appreciation of the classics and its methodology" (Sasaki Kazuyoshi). Cf. Hall, 1425. 41. Mombush6 Futsii Gakumukyoku q0~ ijj"'-' (Ministry of Education Bureau for Common Educational Affairs), ed., Kokumin shiso no hattatsu |gJ. _ (The development of the nation's thought), Tokyo, HObunkan, 1929. Five very general, popular essays on the Japanese spirit by a group of good scholars. 42. Risosha g1 VL, ed., Nihon seishin el (The Japanese spirit), in Sekai seishinshi koza A;,4 d 4. (Essay series on the world's spiritual history) Toky6, Risosha, 1940, 341pp. A rather good, popular series of articles covering the entire field of Japanese thought by many hands, some expert, some mediocre. 43. Naramoto Tatsuya f t, #k,, ed., Nihon no shisoka f1? a ) -| (Japan's thinkers), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1954, 373pp. Important Japanese thinkers presented by a group of young, "progressive" historians. The emphasis is on how the characteristics of these men were determined by their society. Representative thinkers from Saich6 to Nishida Kitar6 are included.

Page  6 6 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 44. Miura Shuko A- ltfT, Kokumin kannen doy6ki ni okeru kokutai kannen no rekishiteki hattatsu [ It r it> l-'-^ ^^ A- 6 lr^i ^ ~ fet (The historical development of the concept of national entity during crises in the concept of the nation), Ky6to, Ky6to Kokubunsha, 1930, 75pp. Six short posthumous essays on various elements — Confucianist, Buddhist, the imperial tradition, etc. - which have helped form the concept of "national entity" in Japan, by a famous historian. 45. Oyama Kojun X - ' /-, Shimbutsu kosh5shi i* tj - (The history of Shinto-Buddhist relations), Koyasan, Koyasan Daigaku, 1944, 595pp. A good, comprehensive study of this important phenomenon, from the Nara period through the Neiji. 46. Nakamura Hajime T xt, Toyojin no shii hoho dai-nibu: Nihonjin Chibettojin no shii hoho -l<4 'tfi p! A -ft- (The Oriental's thought processes, part 2, the Japanese and Tibetans' thought processes), Tokyo, Misuzu Shobo, 1949, 4+5+526+35pp. The second of two volumes (the first is devoted to the Indians and Chinese) by an eminent Indianist who attempts to explain the particular quality of Japanese thinking patterns. He bases himself on Shinran (who as a creative Japanese Buddhist, furnishes ae ann excellent contrast with his Indian, Tibetan, and Chinese co-religionists), and comes to the conclusion that Japanese thinking is emotional and not logical. 2) Ancient Period 47. Takeda Yukichi i^i i i, Kokubungaku ni arawaretaru j6dai no Nihon shiso A - at a ' te 3 ci 6 ad (Ancient Japanese thought as it appears in the national literature), T6kyo, Seinen Ky6iku Fukyukai, 1936, 2+127pp. The lectures of an excellent scholar presented as they were delivered on the ancient Japanese view of man, the emperor, the Way of a Retainer, as these appear in e Kojiki, norito, the Man'yoshii, etc. 48. Kurano Kenji5 -1, Koten to jodai seishin ar aw aret (The classics and the spirit of antiquity), Tokyo, Shibundo, 1942, 327pp. Sound and scholarly essays on the ancient Japanese classics by a philologist. Includes "Studies on the Kojiki," "Reverence for the Emperor in the Kojiki," "The ancient man's conception of foreign countries," "The Nihon yOikip" etc. 49. Watsuji Tetsuro -v, Shinko Nihon kodai bunkainjo 0eny; (Ancient Japanese culture, revised edition), Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1951, 405pp. Original and useful studies first published in 1920 on the most ancient period of Japanese history by an authority. Includes chapters on ancient history, "The importance of naturalized subjects in ancient culture," "The value of the Kojiki as art," "Beliefs and legends," "Moral thought," etc. 50. Tsuda Sokichi t;E1;,, Jodai Nihon no shakai oyobi shiso 5 A. S, (The society and thought of ancient Japan), Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1933, 614pp. Four important studies by an authority: "How the Nihon shoki was written and reacd"'; "The gods and the divine"; "A study on the Taika Reform"; "The moral life of the ancient Japanese." 51. Tsuda Sokichi,4 B t, Nihon koten no kenkyu! a j (Studies on the Japanese classics), T6ky6, Scholarly studies of the Kojiki, Nihon shoki, Kogo shii, etc. by a great authority; indispensable for research on the classics. Cf. Hall, 1201. 52. Nomura Hachiro t A f<, JOdai bungaku ni arawareta Nihon seishin a-t <L It l*t 1 - 0tL4 (The Japanese spirit as it appears in ancient literature), T5ky6, (bkayama Shoten, 1931, 14+251+1pp. A good introduction to the moral thought of the ancient Japanese as it appears in the legends and classics through the Nara period. 53. Onishi Teiji (is, Kodai Nihon seishin bunka no kenkyu -f 4iS b eUa _ (Studies in ancient Japanese spiritual culture), Tokyo, Shibundo, 1931, 580pp. An attempt to discover the national spirit in ancient literature and myths; somewhat dogmatic, but chapters 7 and 8 especially interesting for the light they throw on the concept of the nation and of learning in ancient Japan. 54. Onishi Teiji it,, Kodai jun-Nihon shiso 5 4' 9,. (The pure Japanese thought of antiquity), Tokyo, Shibundo, 1927, 5+2+2+500pp. Japanese thought prior to foreign influence as it is seen in the Man'yoshu and the Kojiki and then as it changed under the influence of Confucianism and Buddhism during the Nara period. 3) Medieval Period

Page  7 GENERAL 7 55. Kojima Kogor6o J' 1' I t13, Kuge bunka no kenkyfi:toku ni Heian jidai o chishin to shite <4 T[4ht I-, --— t., g8 t~tu I 7 (Studies in the culture of the nobility —focussed on the Heian period), T6ky6, Ikuh6sha, 1942, 305pp. The intellectual life of the Heian noblemen based upon their diaries and treated under eight rubrics: the spirit of reverence for the Emperor; the way of a courtier; learning; respect for tradition; view of luxury; thought on the Land of the Gods (i.e., Japan); beliefs in the tutelary deities (ujigami); history of court ceremonial. 56. Hiraizumi Ch0O4,-;, Chusei ni okeru shaji to shakai to no kankei tf - lt3k-4 ax e)fA '. If. (The relations between the society of the Middle Ages and the shrines and temples), T6ky6, Shibundo, 1926, 2+4+4+374pp. One of the earliest books treating the subject, consisting of several good essays on "the bases of the shrines' and temples' power," "the decline of the shrines and temples," and on the place of Confucianism in Tokugawa education. 57. Hiraizumi Ch6 f7f, Chusei ni okeru seishin seikatsu 7 t 1:4- 1-t+5 /t -I (Spiritual life in the Middle Ages), Tokyo, Shibundo, 1926; 9th ed., 1941, 2+5+517pp. An excellent and lively study free from the nationalistic propaganda which disfigures much of this author's later work. The sudden rise of the bushi, the flourishing of reformed Buddhism, and the culture of the monks are described concretely and integrated into the history of Japanese thought. 58. Taga Munehaya A,, Kamakura jidai no shis5 to bunka..// ') o t fc t4L (The thought and culture of the Kamakura period), T6ky6, Meguro Shoten, 1946, 2+1+4+428pp. A collection of good essays on various works and figures of the Kamakura period; includes chapters on the Okagami K L, Tsukimode wakashul j - 4v _t, Saigyo, and Jien. 59. Miyai Yoshio ~ t -ft, Nihon shisoshi kenkyiu;chusei shiso no shos6 Sa.,ni;; )tH; (Studies in the history of Japanese thought; diverse aspects of medieval thought), Toky6, Futara Shob5, 1941, 221pp. An extremely interesting series of studies on the medieval Japanese mind: the undivided allegiance to a ruler or god; the medieval spirit as seen in the fortune-telling chronicles; the laicisation of thought at the end of the Middle Ages, etc. 60. Nomura Hachir6o tfit-/, Buke jidai bungaku ni arawareta Nihon seishin I I.%4,'f Z~,:{ t-f=S34 (The Japanese spirit as it appears in the literature of the period of military ascendancy), T6ky6, Ookayama Shoten, 1934, 215pp. A clear and well-documented account of the traditionalist aspects of moral thought from the Kamakura to the end of the Muromachi periods. 61. Murayama Shuichi ' l ' ---, Shimbutsu shugo to Nihon bunka I - /F\ ~ B J/,C (Shint6 and Buddhist eclecticism and Japanese culture), T6kyo, KOnandO, 1942, 178pp. A short but scholarly book on the rarely treated subject of the confusion in the popular mind of the kami with the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. Historic (Middle Ages to Meiji), artistic, ritualistic, and religious aspects of the problem are discussed. 62. Hirata Toshiharu -f 9 Jt, Yoshino jidai no kenkyiu T-~ B% s e (Studies in the Yoshino period), Toky6, Yamaichi Shobo, 1943, 725+19pp. One of the few works devoted to this transitional period, it contains interesting articles on various aspects of political thought. 63. K6da Shigetomo 4-t - k.., Nichi-O tsukoshi /9: (The history of relations between Japan and Europe), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1942, 414+34+40pp. The relations between Japan and the West, from approximately 1500 to 1620 including articles on the Kirishitans, the anti-foreign policies of Hideyoshi, commerce, etc. A chronological chart and an index are appended. 4) Tokugawa Period 64. Nagata Kenjiro -t 4;t'M, ed., Tokugawa sambyakunenshi 'St II( -_-t (Three hundred years of Tokugawa history), Tokyo, Shokado, 1903, 2v. Only the second and third volumes of this important series of biographies of the great military and religious men, scholars, and thinkers of the Tokugawa period have been published. 65. Azuma Shintaro [ '-t'K, Kinsei Nihon keizai rinri shis6shi 1t4 - t- f. g (History of modern Japanese economic moral thought), T6ky6, Kei6 Shuppansha, 1944, 6+16+678pp. Part one discusses the Confucianist-formed morality governing the economic behavior of various Tokugawa professions one by one as well as the general social and economic background of the period; part two discusses the ethical thought of some of the representative Confucianists. Cf. Hall, 984.

Page  8 8 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 66. Higo KazuoP4,4pO, Nihon shisoshi kenkyu: kinsei shisoshi kenkyiu 24 ^^ ^^[-ji4@ ^. (Studies in the history of Japanese thought: studies in modern thought history), Tokyo, Futara Shobo, 1943, 401pp. Good essays by a historian on such subjects as Hayashi Razan's historiography and Shinto thought, Yamaga Soko's thought and historiography, the Mito school, Maki Yasuomi's political thought, etc. 67. Nagata Hiroshi 27K,., Nihon h6kensei ideorogii ~E ~t );j y" '4tt4"- (Japanese feudalistic ideology), Toky6, Hakuy6sha, 1938, 425pp. Not a study of the history of Japanese feudal thought, but rather a discussion of various problems in the methodology of intellectual history with an attempt to place Japanese thought in a world perspective. As the earliest Marxist work on these problems, this book has had great influence among Japanese intellectual historians. Cf. Hall, 1422. 68. Mikami Sanji k- f_:, Sonnoron hattatsushi J. j ~4 L (History of the development of the theories of reverence for the emperor), Toky6, Fuzamb6, 1941, 1+6+565+2+3pp. Both the purely historical records of the contacts between the Tokugawas and the Imperial family and the intellectual background —representative Confucian, Shinto and Kokugaku thinkers are discussed — of the subject are treated; but the former is by far the more interesting in this book, which is, in fact, perhaps the best of the rare accounts of this historical aspect of the development of the Imperial authority during the Tokugawa period. 69. Maruyama Masao #L L^K, Nihon seiji shis6shi kenkyu B t.^ -K4_ 4 (Studies in the history of Japanese political thought), Toky6, T6ky6 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1952, 3+363+12+5pp. A collection of important and original scholarly journal articles on "The particular position of the Sorai school in the development of Tokugawa Confucianism and its relation to the Kokugaku school, "Ideas of natural [law]and man-made [law] in modern Japanese political thought, "and "The beginnings of pre-nationalism." Index. 70. Furukawa Tesshi ~t "I ~_, Kinsei Nihon shis6 no kenkyfu '- I. 1.),~ff (Studies in modern Japanese thought), T6ky6, Koyama Shoten, 1948, 276pp. An important collection of essays, some philosophical, some historical, by an authoritative scholar. Contains short works on "The cultural life," "The character of Japanese suicide," "Three studies on Arai Hakuseki," "On Motoori Norinaga's criticism of the philosophy of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu," etc. 71. Abe Jiro li-p3kB, Tokugawa jidai no geijutsu to shakai 4 \\\ ^ '<74y,'T^ - (The art and society of the Tokugawa period), Tokyo, Kaizosha, ed. 2, 1949, 407pp. Primarily a study of Ukiyoe and bourgeois literature, the work is useful as background for the study of the social consciousness of the Tokugawa period. 72. Takeoka Katsuya ~[ f ~, Nihon shis6 no kenkyu E. X....,T (Studies in Japanese thought), T6ky6, Dobun Shoin, 1940, 312pp. The classics, ancient thought, historical records, Shintoism, Confucianism, and Kokugaku are all studied in this book as they were understood and commented upon by the Fukko school of the Tokugawa period. Particularly noteworthy is the study of Kagawa Kageki, an opponent of the Fukko school. The whole is preceded by essays on "The character of the Japanese people" and "The basic character of Japanese thought' Cf. Hall, 1430. 73. Sakurai Shotar6o - /4t], Nihon hoken shakai ishikiron QB._40^" = (On the mentality of Japanese feudal society), T6kyo, Nikko Shoin, 1949, 4+3+244pp. Well-documented studies of "The growth of the idea of requital (h6on) and the beginnings of feudal society," "Name and honor," "Studies in the idea of social status," etc. No individual thinkers are presented. Cf. Hall, 1428. 74. Fukushima Masao 4 | LQt r, Kinsei sentetsu no ky6iku to shis6 _j7 JtA ~.l Z. (The theories on education and the thought of the former sages of the pre-modern era), T6ky6, Fujii Shoten, 1944, 2+3+295pp. The educational theories of the most important members of the Kokugaku, Mito, Y6mei and Kogaku schools of the Tokugawa period. 75. Sakata Yoshio ik $ _At/4, Ch6ninyTA/ (The merchants), T6ky6, K6bund6, 1939, 158pp. The "merchant mentality" seen historically throughout the Tokugawa period in Osaka and Edo. 76. Fukumoto Kazuo/ j, Nihon kinsei no bunka kakumei B,,, c *t4 ~' (The cultural revolution in pre-modern Japan), T6ky6, Choryusha, 1949, 223pp. The creator of Fukumotoizumu(Fukumotoism)treats the rise of the merchant class during the Tokugawa as a kind of renaissance of Japanese culture.

Page  9 GENERAL 9 77. Watsuji Tetsur6o 4-it_ l, Sakoku: Nihon no higeki Eg )- B,) i,1- (National isolation, Japan's tragedy), T6ky6, Chikuma Shobo, 1951, 440pp. Not a history of thought, but excellent for background material on Tokugawa thinkers. 78. Nakamura Hajime tj zfj, Kinsei Nihon ni okeru hihan-teki seishin no ichi-k6satsu: Bukky6 no shink6satsu: i.L_ l - m,r k *JtJ, o)., -. -. (A study of the critical spirit in modern Japan — new studies in Buddhism), T6kyo, SanseiSo, t145, tlo 0+61pp. A study of SuzuKi Sh6zan, a Zen reformer, and Tominaga Chdiki, an Osaka merchant-scholar. The two are taken as symptomatic of a renaissance movement in modern Japan and the versatile author, Nakamura Hajime, compares their critical attitude toward tradition to the attitude of the philologists of the Western Renaissance, forerunners of the modern age in Europe. c. Histories of Ethical Thought A preoccupation with ethics and morality, particularly with the nature of "Japanese morality" or the "Japanese spirit," is typical of Japanese writers on their own history of thought. The following are works devoted exclusively to these aspects, although the first entry (79) is a good deal broader and may be considered, indeed, a general "history of Japanese thought." 79. Watsuji Tetsur6o *hLW, Nihon rinri shis6shi B j,~.4#. (The history of Japanese ethical thought), Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1952, 2v. The best and most complete general history of its subject; representative thinkers from antiquity to the end of Meiji are discussed. 80. Ienaga Sabur6,7< -P, Nihon dotoku shisoshi Ba,t_ (The history of Japanese moral thought), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1954, 4+293+18pp. An attempt to discover the moral incentives of the characteristic social class of each of the important periods of Japanese history. There are eleven chapters with studies on the moral thinking of the men of primitive society, the clan headsmen, the aristocracy, the Buddhist clergy, the knights (bushi), the merchants, the common people, the townspeople, the proletariat. A brief annotated bibliography and chronological table are included. 81. Furukawa Tesshi -,i 1', Nihon rinri shis6shi 0Ot. t (The history of Japanese ethical thought), T6ky6, Kobundo, 1952, 1+1+234pp. The development of Japanese moral thinking from antiquity to the end of Meiji, using legends, Confucianism, Bushid6, Buddhism, and Western humanism as materials. A broad, excellent treatment. 82. Arima Sukemasa 7,, t. bL, Nihon rinrishi B xjti_ (History of Japanese morality), Toky6, Hakubunkan, 1909, 8+290pp. Interesting source material for Meiji nationalistic ideology written by a Shinto scholar who traces the history of Japanese morality from individual ancestor worship to worship of the national ancestors, of the Imperial family, of the State, etc. 83. Miura T6saku -' - 4, Niron rinrigakushi Bj~#d~_ (The history of Japanese ethics), Tokyo, Chikokan, 1943, 2+8+528+12pp. A good account of the development of ethical theories, their relation to the various religious and philosophical schools and the thinkers who were instrumental in stating or modifying them; from antiquity to the end of Meiji. d. Religion In spite of the obvious interest of the subject, general works on Japanese religion are few and often superficial. For more important studies the student must turn to the various branches of Japanese religion — Buddhism, Shinto and Christianity. Nevertheless, the student will find Hiyane's work (entry 84) useful as a factual introduction and the historical studies on modern aspects are important source materials. 1) General Histories 84. Hiyane Yasusada rt/l it^ct, Nihon shukyoshi ~B-._c (A history of religion in Japan), Tokyo, Sankyo Shuppansha, 1925, 1141pp. After three introductory chapters in which the author gives his general considerations of religion and an introduction to Japanese religion, he presents the most complete history of Japanese religion yet written. Cf. Hall, 1345.

Page  10 10 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 85. Tsuchiya Senky6o.i- _-, Nihon shuky6shi ~jt). (A history of religion in Japan), T6kyo, Keibund6, rev. ed., 1933, 24+826+108pp. A useful study of all religious currents, with special emphasis on the influence of foreign cultures, from their beginnings to the end of Taish6. Cf. Hall, 1351. 86. Saegusa Hiroto -.tI -ir and Torii Hiroo,. -It^-, Nihon shukyo shisoshi [.,7.~ - MJL (History of Japanese religious thought), Tokyo, Sekai Shoin, 1948, 302pp. A social history of religion in Japan by a scientific historian and a Marxist philosopher, from antiquity to the end of Meiji. Particularly interesting are the analyses of the relations of religion to government and to other intellectual movements. Cf. Hall, 1349. 2) Historical Studies 87. Ienaga Saburo ^'< _, Nihon shis6shi ni okeru shiky6teki shizenkan no tenkai El._ B. k -t'k lt'_j &0 (The development of religious naturalism in the history of Japanese thought), Osaka, Sogensha, 1944, 232pp.; Toky6, Sait6 Shoten, 1947, 3+1+221pp. Four essays by an important historian. The first, from which the book takes its title, studies the position nature has in Japanese thought as almost a savior, from ancient times to the end of the Heian period; the second, the influence of Buddhism on Shint6 ritual during the Nara period; the third, the Anti-Fukko school of the Tokugawa period, in particular Tominaga Chuki and Okuma Gend6; the fourth, Natsume S6seki as a thinker and his place in history. 88. Sakurai Masashi, 4 il_, Kinsei Nihon shuky6 shis6shi 4A _ - (The history of modern Japanese religious thought), Toky6, Junshind6, 1954, 8+425pp. A history of Japanese Shinto, Buddhism, and Christianity from Meiji, with particular attention to their nationalistic tendencies and their relationship to the government and society. 89. Naganuma Kenkai +j:i %T-,- Nihon shfky6shi no kenkydu El /- -~ ^ (Studies in the history of Japanese religion), TokyO, Ky6iku Kenkyukai, 1928, 3+18+1019pp. A good collection of articles on many aspects of Japanese religion. Cf. Hall, 1347. 90. Miyai Yoshio r 4 A6 t, J6dai Nihon no shuky6 to saiki: Nihon shuky6shi no kenkyu: ichi k_4-~' [O),@ lx A d: $ B,1 t-67 ff t J (Ancient Japanese religion and rituals: Studies in the history of Japanese religion, 1), Onuma Kojiro, 1951, 281pp. 91. Nihon Shukyoshi Kenkyukai ABs _Th j v (Society for the Study of Japanese Religious History), Nihon shfiky6shi kenkyff ~Ek.L_ _ K-_ (Studies in the history of Japanese religion), T6kyo, Ryushokaku, 1933, 376pp. Essays on numerous subjects (Kumano mairi, Ninomiya Sontoku, the religious policies of the Meiji restoration, etc.) by various hands. 92. Nagata Hiroshi 7 A. / and Akizawa Shuji ++ ~.-, Gendai shuky6 hihan kowa 4{.t:+l (Critical lectures on present-day religion), T6ky6, Hakuy6sha, 1935, 11+336pp. Criticisms of Shinto and Buddhism from the materialist point of view. 93. Oguchi I ichi d,' t24-, Nihon shuky6 no shakaiteki seikaku B?:^ffi)~t4 (The social character of Japanese religion), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1953, 213pp. A collection of semi-popular articles and essays, some sociological, some philosophical, concerned with the state of religion in Japan today, by a folklore specialist, disciple of Hori Ichir6. 94. Iwaki Masaru[t7 W, Nihon shiikyoshi kowa F~-jiT^J (Lectures on the history of Japanese religion), T6kyo, Hakuyosha, 1935, 307pp. Marxist studies on the social and economic aspects of Japanese religion from antiquity to the time the book was written. The work is disfigured at the same time by its one-sided Marxist viewpoint and from governmental nationalistic censorship. 95. Asano Kenshin a Hk- Genko shukyo hoki zensho, 4T ---4^-? (A compendium of laws and regulations of present-day religion), Toky6, Daito Shuppansha, 1933, 1234pp. A collection of documents concerning the structure and pre-war situation of all the religious groups in Japan. 96. Mombusho -~p ' (Ministry of Education), ed., Shuiky6 y6ran,, i.-6 (A general view of religion), Tokyo, Kofu Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1952, 564pp. A very useful yearly publication of the Ministry of Education which includes information about Shinto, Buddhism, Christianity, and other religions in Japan for the previous year. There is much statistical information on the size of the various religious congregations, the number of temples and shrines, short biographies of important persons, etc.

Page  11 GENERAL 11 3) Folk Religion The study of folk-lore and folk religion is very recent in Japan, but the works already produced are of unquestionable interest and value. Only general works have been included in this short section. The reader will find other works under the sections devoted to Shinto (especially entry 157) and Buddhism (especially entries 260 -262). There is an excellent and very exhaustive bibliography of works on folk-lore by Rene Sieffert, Bulletin de la Maison Franco-Japonaise, Nouvelle Serie, tome 2, 1952, Tokyo, 1953, pp. 21-110, entitled "Les etudes ethnographiques au Japon (Bibliographie)." 97. KatJ Totsudo / O, Minkan shinkoshi (14tt (The history of popular beliefs), Tokyo, Heigo Shuppansha, 1925, 547pp. A pioneer work in this field, it has been somewhat supplanted by the works of Hori Ichiro, but it still contains much valuable material. The author was a popular lecturer of the Zen sect. 98. Hori Ichiro 4,-, Minkan shinko 1P4btf (Folk beliefs), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1951, 16+297+21pp. A pioneering work which attempts to put some order into the abundant historical materials for the study of Japanese folk lore and arranges the results of previous research. Part two, "Folk beliefs and agricultural society," uses this methodology to present the results of investigations. An indispensable book for those who would study Japanese folk beliefs. 99. Hori Ichiro -gp, Waga kuni minkan shinkoshi no kenkyu;,"'lH ~ 0,t144 t ~ j (Studies in the history of the folk beliefs of our country), Osaka, Sogensha, 1953, 7+13+766pp. Attempting to ascertain the primitive form of folk beliefs, the dean of Japanese folk lore studies treats the following four subjects: 1) The popular saint as a wandering protagonist of a folk religion of charms and spells: his development into asceticism, Buddhist prayer religions and popular In-Yo Shint6; 2) the function and description of ascetic mountain priests (yamabushi) and their relation to the mountain sects of Tendai and Shingon; 3) the development and the popularization of the Pure Land sects; 4) the function of peculiar popular religious charms and incantations in modern times. 100. Matsuoka Shizuo *4 A 3, Nihon koyui minzoku shinko B[* ( 1 [,'ptWj (Indigenous Japanese folk beliefs), Tokyo, Toko Shoin, 1941, 3+7+380pp. The posthumous work of an accomplished scholar who, using folk lore and linguistic techniques, has done a splendid reconstruction of primitive Japanese religion, its gods, its rituals, its charms and spells, and its particular characteristics. Cf. Hall, 1329. 101. Origuchi Shinobu +~tzh t_, Kodai kenkyfi Minzokugaku-hen 4,f j b (Studies in antiquity: section on folk lore), Tokyo, Ookayama Shoten, 1929, 640pp. 102. Harada Toshiaki /\W, Kodai Nihon no shinko to shakai tA O1g4 i+-4 (Ancient Japanese beliefs and society), Tokyo, ShokO Shoin, 1948, 9+2+210pp. An attempt to reconstruct ancient religion and society as they were before they were exposed to any Chinese influence. 4) Mythology 103. Matsumura Takeo tf1 ', Nihon shinwa no jisso QB]8}X 6 - (The true aspect of Japan's mythology), Tokyo, Baiffukan, 1947, 289pp. A formerly forbidden study treated with objectivity soon after the end of the war. 104. Matsuoka Shizuo;,- *,Kiki ronkyiu,k 5 ~ (A study of the Kojiki and Nihon shoki), Tokyo, Dobunkan, 1931-34, 20v. A scientific and exceedingly thorough study by an authority. 105. Kido Hantaro,i,P, Kodai Nihonjin no sekaikan:'Nihon no gengo to shinwa t4kf & 1 |*D tti Xls (The world-view of the ancient Japanese —the Japanese language and mythology), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1930, 6+3+277+21pp. An excursion into what the author calls "psychical archaeology" (psychische Archaologie);an attempt to reconstruct the ancient Japanese character from material found mainly in the Kojiki and Nihongi. 106. Matsumoto Nobuhiro t >", Nihon shinwa no kenkyu Bv ). xi (Studies in Japanese mythology), Tokyo, Dobunkan, 1931, 2+1+274+24pp. A unique attempt to relate Japanese mythology to early religious celebrations and rites and to see the influence of these myths in Japanese life.

Page  12 12 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 107. Matsumura Takeo jt:,At, Nihon shinwa no kenkyu 0 a '") X tj (Studies in Japanese mythology), Tokyo, Baiffikan, 1954, 3+7+510+24pp. The first volume of a projected four volume work, this book deals with methodology: the character of the sources (Kojiki, Nihon shoki, fudoki, etc.), cautions in the interpretation of myths, etc. 108. Higo Kazuo 6 -It -., Nihon shinwa kenkyiu g37 gj (Studies in Japanese mythology), Tokyo, Kawade Shobo, 1938, 452pp. Studies in ancient history and thought as reflected in ancient myths, including sections on Susano-o-nomikoto, Omononushi, Inari legends, etc. e. Histories of Social and Economic Thought Only entries 109 and 110 of the following works deal with more than the modern period (Tokugawa and after), and entry 109 is not a history, but a collection of materials. This is a relatively new field of study for which materials in ancient and medieval history are either lacking entirely or not yet easily available to scholars. Future work will undoubtedly be more and more concerned with these social and economic aspects of thought history. 109. Takimoto Seiichi- A; ---,ed., Nihon keizai taiten B,, _*-; - (A compendium of Japanese economics), Tokyo, Shishi Shuppansha, 1928-1930, 54v. A re-edition with additions of the Nihon keizai sosho originally published from 1914 to 1917 which contains important historical materials concerning laws, government, economics, politics, and social thought from the end of the Heian period until the beginning of Meiji. A very useful and important collection. Cf. Hall, 460. 110. Kada Tetsuji,z ~-, Nihon shakai shis6shi B $8 X ~_ (A history of Japanese social thought), Tokyo, Iwasaki Shoten, 1947, 2v. A comprehensive view which includes a general discussion of the problem from antiquity to the Tokugawa and a treatment by groups (Confucianists, merchants, peasants, Rangaku, Kokugaku, etc.) from the Tokugawa up to the present time. 111. Nomura Kentaro ~~t, 3P, Tokugawa jidai no shakai keizai shisoshi 't lI ] O~,. JL#_ (The social and economic thought of the Tokugawa period), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1934, 276pp. The author, an authority in the field, treats the subject chronologically, dividing the Shogunate into four periods. * 112. Nomura KentarO 3't^.p, Gaikan keizai shisoshi #f _tj*'. t (The outlines of economic thought history), Tokyo, Keio Shuppansha, 1939, 508pp. An enlargement of the preceding, including the early Meiji. period. *113. Oyama Shikitaro /;,,, Kinsei Nihon no shakai keizai shiso A_>i,- 0 X (Pre-modern Japanese social and economic thought), Tokyo, Shakai Bunka Gakkai, 1949, 358pp. An analysis of the social and economic theories of the politicians, thinkers, and scholars of the Tokugawa period by an economic historian. There is an index and an annotated bibliography of important source materials. * 114. Honjo EijiroiJ+;tt, Nihon keizai shis6shi kenkyiu B^ j # J (Studies in the history of Japanese economic thought), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1942-47, 2v. Two volumes by an authority, the first of which deals with the Tokugawa and the Meiji periods and discusses Arai Hakuseki, Ogyu SOrai, Motoori Norinaga, etc. The second volume contains studies of Honda Toshiaki, Sato Nobuhiro, and Sada Kaiseki, and brings the discussion of economic theories up to the middle of the Meiji period. Cf. Hall, 987. *115. Kada Tetsuji to, —, Meiji shoki shakai keizai shisoshi A ~PV-0,,- '. (History of the social and economic thought in the early Meiji period), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1937, 916pp. A doctor's thesis, this is the most complete study of the first half of the Meiji period from this point of view. There is an important bibliography. '116. Kada Tetsuji )1~-__, Meiji shoki shakai shiso no kenkyu 5- TJ- ^c. )$jL (Studies in the social thought of the early Meiji period), Tokyo, Shunjusha, 1933, 526pp. Individual essays similar to the preceding in content. *117. Kada Tetsuji P B. -, Ishin igo no shakai keizai shiso gairon,,, 30-i,, _-!. ~ (Outlines of social and economic thought from the Restoration), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1934, 275pp. A good general view of the subject during the beginning of the Meiji period. Cf. Hall, 988.

Page  13 SHINTO 13 118. Shimoide Junkichi 1 ffti, Meiji shakai shis6 kenkyiu ia ~, -..ftj (Studies in Meiji social thought), T6ky6, Asano Shoten, 1932, 410pp. Important studies and excellent annotated bibliographies dealing with the jiya-minken movement. 119. Kawashima Takeyoshi 'il - -, Nihon shakai no kazokuteki kosei U; at/- ' 4 f ~. (The familial structure of Japanese society), T6ky6, Nippon Hyoronsha, 1948, 207pp. Not really a book on Japanese thought, this famous group of essays furnishes background on the family relations so important in Japanese ethics. The book is divided into three parts: The family system and Japanese society, normative consciousness of the family system, and the family system and the civil code.

Shinto

pp. 13-19

Page  13 II SHINTO Shinto studies were favored by the nationalism of the pre-war period in that their production was encouraged and supported by the government, but they were at the same time gravely harmed by the ultra-nationalistic bias that was often expected of their authors. This has considerably reduced both the number of entries in this section and the value of many of them. But there are examples of excellent, objective scholarship, especially among the works written before the rise of fascism or after the war. 1. REFERENCE WORKS The support given to Shinto before the war helped produce many useful reference works. Entries 120, 124 and 130 form an excellent nucleus of reference works for a Shinto library. a. Bibliographies and Indices 120. Kat5 Genchi, ~t, Shinto shoseki mokuroku $ d j g $^ (A bibliography of Shinto), Toky6, Dobunkan, ed,2, 1943, 17+646+2pp. The best index of Shinto,a necessary starting point for any work in the field. Cf. Hall, 169. 121. Inoue Tetsujiro 4-OXJ-q and Saeki Ariyoshi f-, ed., Shint6 bunrui s6mokuroku I &&g (Complete classified catalogue of Shinto), Tokyo, Shun'yodo, 1937, 652+197pp. A detailed list of books published before the end of the Meiji era arranged according to subject, as follows: general works, Shinto classics, encyclopedic works, literature, biography, bushido, Shingaku, etc. There are notes on obscure works and an index in appendices. Cf. Hall, 166. 122. Shinten sakuin 4' 5ft j (An index to Shinto scriptures), Yokohama, Okura Seishin Bunka Kenkyujo, 1937, 396pp. The names of deities and place names found in the major Shinto classics arranged according to their pronunciation, in the order of the syllabary. Cf. Hall, 168. 123. Jingiu Shicho; g ~). (Office of Shrine Affairs), Jingfi bunko tosho mokuroku ~ g f _ l I ~ (Catalogue of the Shrine library), Kyoto, Jingi Shicho, 1922, 2+14+682+217pp. A catalogue of the Ise Shrine library brought up to 1921. Contains an important number of books concerning Shinto, as well as other subjects. Hall, 167. b. Encyclopedias and Dictionaries 124. Shinto daijiten ijti.* (A dictionary of Shinto), Tokyo, Heibonsha, 1938-, 3v. Originally planned as a five volume work, a very useful and comprehensive short encyclopedia of Shinto. Bibliographical notices included in the body of the text cover all important works and secondary sources written up until about 1940. Cf. Hall, 315. 125. Yamakawa Uichi sAI I,( #, Jingi jiten -'- '4- (A dictionary of Shinto), Tokyo, Heibonsha, 1924, 648+78pp. Arranged according to the Japanese syllabary and well indexed, this dictionary contains useful notices on all aspects of Shinto. Hall, 312. 126. Jingu Shicho +t, iJ' (Office of Shrine Affairs), ed., Koji ruien (jingibu) ttji t (~JJe) (Encyclopedia of ancient matters: Shinto affairs), Kyoto, Kyogensha, Naigai Shoseki Kaisha, 1896-1914, 51v.; 1936, 60v. Contains important notices on all aspects of Shinto arranged in the style of the old Chinese encyclopedias, i.e., long citations are given from ancient sources about all entries. Volume 60 of the 1936 edition contains an index. Cf. Hall, 207. 127. Gunsho Ruijui Kankokai Of V -T'Ji4- (Society for the Publication of the Classified Collection of Japanese Classics), ed., Gunsho ruiju (jingibu)._ (j^} ) (Classified collection of Japanese classics: Shinto affairs), Tokyo, Kantosha, 1952-53, 2v. A revised edition of Hanawa Hokiichi's encyclopedia. The first section (v. 1) reproduces various records concerning about 70 different shrines. Cf. Hall, 384.

Page  14 14 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 128. Saeki Ariyoshi 44 ~_, ed., Shinto meimoku ruijush6 i/]g. X}' (A classified collection of Shint6 titles), Tokyo, Ookayama Shoten, 1934, 371pp. A modern re-edition of a Tokugawa encyclopedia originally published between 1699 and 1703. Contains articles on shrines, their treasures, priesthood, vestments, deities, ceremonies, etc. The Shinto mondo, "Questions and answers on Shinto," published around 1820, is reprinted in an appendix. There is a subject index to the main section of the book. c. Collections 129. Mozume Takami Th jj, Shinchi k6gaku sosho *F 1 {J- (Newly annotated series on the emperor system), T6ky6, Kobunko Kankokai, 1927-31, 12v. 70 texts, beginning with the Kojiki, important to the study of the imperial tradition. The Kokugaku scholars are stressed. Annotated. Cf. Hall, 482. 130. Saeki Ariyoshi ti{k% 'g, ed., Jingi zensho c'Aj (Complete collection of Shinto affairs), T6ky6, K6ten K6kyusho Jingui H6saikai, 1906-08, 5v. Over 90 Shinto works of all kinds are reproduced. Cf. Hall, 480. 131. Kurita Kan. 1j t, Jingi shiry6o ~ t-5 (Historical materials on Shinto), T6ky6, K6cho Hikyu Kankokai, 1926-27, 4v. Source materials for the Dai-Nihonshi arranged in chronogical order. Cf. Hall, 478. 132. Nakajima Hiromitsu ~ 1 'j and Omiya Heima L t_7..,;, ed., Shinto s6sho 7.A _ (Series on Shinto), T6kyo, Jingi Ky6in, 1896-98, 8v. A well-balanced collection of historical materials on all aspects of Shinto arranged according to subject. Cf. Hall, 479. 133. Murakami Senjo 6 j| and others, ed., Meiji ishin shimbutsu bunri shiryo 6, ^ 4 1? (Historical materials on the separation of Shintoism and Buddhism during the Meiji Restoration), Tokyo, Toho Shoin, 1926, 5v. Includes magazine articles, contemporary records, and newspaper articles on this important Restoration event. 134. Miyaji Naokazu J:i4 — and others, Oharai no kotoba chushaku taisei -,~I?-N t(_ (A compendium of commentaries on the term Oharai, the Great Pardon), Tokyo, Naigai Shoseki Kabushiki Kaisha, 1941, 3v. An anthology of famous commentaries on the Great Pardon throughout the ages, with annotations by authorities in the field. 135. Okura Seishin Bunka Kenkyusho t ' ~ ^-L4 (The Okura Institute for Spiritual Culture), ed., Shinten.J_ (Shint6 classics), Yokohama, Okura Seishin Bunka Kenkyusho, 1936, 2156pp. A collection of ancient works concerning Shinto, including the Kojiki, Nihon shoki, ancient proclamations, etc. 136. Okura Seishin Bunka Kenkyusho 1 - t 4t;& t4 1J ' (The (5kura Institute for Spirital Culture), ed., Shinten kaisetsu.~ ~ (Commentary on the Shint6 classics), Yokohama, Okura Seishin Bunka Kenkyusho, 1938 -1939, 2v. ( A word by word translation of the preceding into modern Japanese accompanied by an ultra-nationalistic commentary. 137. Anguin -!-4 tJ, Shinto-shdu i (Shinto collection), ed. by Yokoyama Shigeru. 4 1, Tokyo, Ookayama Shoten, 1934, 5+3+8+665pp. A facsimile reproduction of several manuscript collections of oral traditions on the establishment and history of various medieval shrines compiled by an unknown author around 1380. A rich source book for the study of Kamakura Shinto and the primitive forms of folk beliefs. A section-title index and a waka index are appended. 2. HISTORIES There is no standard general history of Shinto yet, and among the following only entries 139 and 140 can be considered to fill, even temporarily, the need for one. The other entries are almost all partial studies, sometimes of indifferent value. The historical studies (b) have all been chosen for their objectivity and scientific rather than nationalistic point of view. a. General Histories

Page  15 SHINTO 15 138. Kato Genchi 7 l-* g, Shinto no shukyo hattatsu shiteki kenkyu 0dA %A- _ (Historical studies in the development of Shinto as a religion), Tokyo, Chiubunkan, 1935, 6+16+1384pp. All aspects of Shinto, national Shinto, sectarian Shinto, and shrine Shinto, are treated from a religious point of view. More than half the book is devoted to an excellent bibliography of both Japanese and foreign works on Shinto treated as a religion. 138a. Kiyohara Sadao i j|, Shintoshi (A history of Shinto), Tokyo, Koseikaku, 1932, 7+18+652+21pp. An enlargement and revision of the author's Shinto enkakushiron, containing an excellent short history of Shinto and important appendices on "the Tokugawa bakufu's shrine system" and post-Meiji Shinto thought. Cf. Hall, 1353. 139. Miyaji Naokazu ~tkj: -, Jingishi taikei (Outline history of Shint6), T6ky6, Meiji Shoin, 1943, 4+9+250+36+22pp. A simple and clear history of the development of Shinto to 1941, based on the relations between the history of the shrines and Shinto thought. An enlargement of the same author's Jingishi k6yo. Cf. Hall, 1357, 1356. 140. Yamada Yoshio Li\ N, Shinto shis6shi. -L_ (History of Shinto thought)[ in Jingi s6sho ~~} (A miscellany on Shinto)], T6ky6, Meiseid6 Shoten, 1943, 2+169pp. Written originally as pietistic history of Shinto, this short work nevertheless contains much useful information. Clearly written and short; a good introduction to the most important problems. 141. Saeki Ariyoshi 45j, Dai-Nihon jingishi ji,'i. _ (The history of Japanese Shinto), T6kyo, Kokukokan, 1913, 18+4+35+13 2+4pp. A fairly early work containing a discussion of shrines, ceremonies, and deities in their relation to the court and the people and to literature, art, and industries up to the Meiji era from earliest times. All sources are carefully identified and commented upon. b. Historical Studies 142. Tsuda Sokichi, Nihon no Shint6 9 $a) j_ (Japanese Shinto), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1949, 414pp. The article "Elements of Chinese thought in Japanese Shinto" deals with the relation of Chinese thought to the theoretical structure of Shinto. Originally published in the magazine Toyo gakuho, it forms the nucleus of this series of essays by a great scholar of both Japanese and Chinese history. Essays on the concept of the unity of Church and State, a study of the biography of En no Gyoja, and of the influence of Chinese historiographical thought on the Gukansho and Jinno shotoki are appended. Cf. Hall, 1360. 143. Kiyohara Sadao 4i. 0, Shinto to Nihon bunka 4. g J.$Uj (Shinto and Japanese culture), Tokyo, Daitokaku, 1926, 4+2+175pp. A general discussion of almost all aspects of the relation of Shinto to the Japanese people: its agriculture, commerce, fine arts, literature, and music. 144. Kobayashi Kenzo,1- l_, Nihon Shintoshi no kenkyu f t, 9 $J ~ (Studies in the history of Japanese Shinto), Tokyo, Shibundo, 1934, 341pp. Studies on the relation of Shinto (kannagara no michi) to the Kemmu revolution (1320), Suika Shinto, the relationship of modern Buddhism and Shintoism to the Japanese spirit, the origin and principles of the Kurozumi sect, problems of sectarian Shinto, etc. Cf. Hall, 1354. 145. Nishida Nagao i V-t, Shintoshi no kenkyu '_f t(Studies in the history of Shinto), Tokyo, Yiizankaku, 1943, 2+2+419pp. A collection of historical studies from earliest times to Meiji by a disciple of Miyaji Naokazu. Includes essays on "The ancient Japanese concept of goodness," "An investigation of Ryobu Shinto from the point of view of social and economic history," Yoshida Shinto, the Motoori school, the Imperial Rescript, etc. 146. Miyaji Naokazu t_-, Jingishi no kenkyl J_ ) _fj (Studies in Shinto history), TOkyO, Kokon Shoin, 1924, 336pp. Good studies on the origins and ancient history of the Isonokami, Kasuga, and Kumano shrines, ancestral ceremonies of the Muromachi bakufu, the clan gods (uji-gami) of the Tokugawa family at Mikawa, etc. 147. Kume Kunitake Z;-. ]p ~j, Nihon kodaishi to Shinto to no kankei itt 4 t; t tl~, (Ancient Japanese history and its relation to Shinto), Osaka, Keiseisha, 11907; Sogensha, 1946, 3+3+6+3+9+194pp. Revolutionary essays by a pioneer in the field who lost his post in the Tokyo Imperial University for his objective and scientific views of Shinto. 148. Tsuda Noritake -! t, Shint6 kigenron.,. (Essays on the origin of Shint6), T6ky6, 1920, 268pp. r Fairly dated but scientific studies in a field in which objective works are few: Japanese stone age religious thought, the origins and primitive religious thought of Shinto.

Page  16 16 16 ~~~A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AN]) RESEARCH MATERIALS 149. kudaShinkl ~P.~ ~ Bushidan to Shint5 4-i (The bushi group and Shint6), T~ky6, Hakuy~sha, 1939, 299pp. An important, rare work on the relations between the bushi and Shint6 thought and shrines treated historically f rom the formation of the bushi class up to the Tokugawa period. 150. Chiba Sakae k~,Yoshikawa Shint6 no kenkyit I, _q (Studies in Yoshikawa Shint6), T6ky6, ShibundO, 1939, 4+2+19i+29pp. Useful study on a little known but important branch of Tokugawa Shint6; mainly concerns the founder Yoshikawa Koretari. 15 1. Wada Toshihiko +I~4 A, ed., Yoshikawa Shint6 t II Tfky6, Dai-Nihon Bunko Kank~kai, 1939, 564pp. / 152. Fujii Sadafumi 4t ~.LKinsei ni okeru jingi shis6 ~13.-_ It'~ (Shinto thought in modern times), T6ky6, Shunjiisha Sh~hakukan, 1944, 352pp. A study of nationalistic and loyalistic Shint5 at the end of the Shogunate, based on the Imperial Shint6 ceremonies and the ritual texts. There is a useful selection of contemporary ritual texts and -norito. 15 3. Kobayashi Kenz6, f4#*t -:, Suika Shintd * t _!L L(Nihon shi so taikei, 2 5 2t It,4 (2), (Compendi um of Japanese thought, 2)], T6ky6, Ris6sha, 1942, 322pp. Contains general essays on the history of Shint5 doctrine, together with studies on "the view of the Three Treasures" and "the doctrine of himorogi." The last section contains essays on B~nanken Shint6, and the influence of Suika Shint6 on Fukko Shint,6. 154. Kanzaki Issaku ~t 4 _J'~, Meiji igo ni okeru Shint~shi no shos6 9 4 i (Several aspects of Shint6 history after the Meiji era), T6ky6, Ky6bunsha, 1938, 613pp. 3. DOC TRWNE The term "doctrine" is meant to include works dealing with the philosophical or religious explanations of Shint6 rites, ceremonies, morality, etc. The tendency towards nationalistic interpretations is of course very strong (especially in entries 167 and 168), but for the most part the works included are objective, nationalistic doctrine being reserved for VII, 4, b and, especially, c. 155. Furuno Kiyoto ff 4, Gendai Shint6 gaisetsu k (An outline of present-day Shint6), T6ky6, Sankib6, 1931, 144pp. An excellent introduction to the following Shint6 sects: Tenri, Kurozumi, Konk6, Taisha, Kei, Jikk5, Fus6, Sh~isei, Taisei, Omoto. The book is preceded with a chapter on previous theories concerning primitive Shinto and an outline of ShintO in modern history. 156. Mombush6 Ch6sakyoku Shnimuka ~ ~J I~ (Ministry of Education, Bureau of Surveys, Section on Religious Affairs), ed., Shint6 ky6ha gaikan;T #L (An outline of Shinto sects), TOkyo, Mombush6 Chosakyoku Shiimuka, 1953, 2v. In three volumes, volume 3 still to appear. The first volume includes a "short history of the development of ShintO"1 and the very latest bibliography of important works on ShintO; the second volume is entitled "An introduction to present-day Shint5."' 157. Yanagida Kunlo $,Shint6 to minzokugaku j (Sitanfoklrstudies),. T~ky6, Melseid6 Shoten, 1943, 146pp. A pioneer attempt by an ethnologist, concerned mainly with the origins and present status of the uiai Like most of this author's works, very difficult reading. Cf. Hall, 1361. 158. Hashimoto Fumiyoshi 41 -, Shint6 no geudaiteki kenki 4 ~ 6-k~~ (Present-day studies in Shint6), Tfky5, H~bunkan, 1925, 4+12+540pp. A very general work which sees ShintO as the 'basis for Japanese culture and life and discusses the relations between the two in all imaginable fields. There are sections on most of the important ShintO sects. 159.Mlyal Nakazu~ ~&.i~.-, hint shihO (ShintO thought), T~kyO, Ris~sha, 1943, 268pp. The relationship between ShintO and nationalist morality by an authority in Shint6 studies. 160. ShintO K~kyiikai 0~1(Society for Shint6 Studies), ed., Shint6 k~za ff -J, rj (Essay series gn ShintO), T~kyO, ShintO K~kyiikai, 1929-1931, 12v. Important essays by various authorities on such subjects as shrines, ceremonies', ShintO history., ShintO philosophy, ShintO and the other religions, and ShintO literature. Cf. Hall, 1358.

Page  17 SHINTO 17 16 1. Kat6 Genchi 4t~~~,Kaitei z6ho Shint6 no shuky~gakuteki shinkekyi 4, ~E i (New studies of Shint6 as a religion, revised and enlarged), T6ky6, Kokubunkan, 1935, 4156pp. Contribution to the controversy as to whether Shint6 is a religion. The conclusion is that Shint6 is a religion, but a state religion which should englobe all others. 162. Asano Aklmitsu;', SinD hi4M (Shint6 thought), T6ky6, Ris6sha, 1942, 250pp. An attempt to unify the thought dispersed in the various ancient texts of Shint6 into a single philosophy; includes chapters on "the world-view of Shint&' "the Shint6 view of Man," "'Shint6 ethics," etc. 16 3. Tanaka Yoshit5 W Shint6 gairon (nrdcin to Shint6)TkyNpoGajuu Kenkytikai, 1942, '7+13+250pp.Jer Itouto )TkyNpnGajts Mainly an apology for the more nationalistic brand of Shint6, this short book also contains two older essays by this author, one "On the gods"' and the other "On shrines"l that have some scientific value. 164. Mizoguchi Komaz6 t7- 4,TekninoSit, P M j_., (Shint6 in a time of change), Tfky6, Unebi Shob6, 1941, 459pp. Written during the Chinese war, the author takes up various "problems" concerning Shint6 in the modern world: Shint6 and culture, Shint6 and morality, Shint6 and religion, etc. 165. Mizoguchi Komaz6 ~~ ~~ Shint6gaku gairon TJ (Introduction to Shint6), T6ky5, Kaitsiisha, ed. 3, 1944,6+6+288pp.I In order to show the religious character of Shint6, the author describes, fairly objectively, its historical development. 166. Hara Masao - E. Shint6 no kompon kenkyii: waga shinten ni arawaretaru shdikyoteld igi #l I1f i~ t 44 I~~ tZ P - oz -t- (Studies in the basis of Shinto ---religious ideas that have appeared in our divine classics), T6ky6, Yoshida Shoten, 1933, 1+4+2+384pp. An attempt to discover the primitive religious character of Shint6 by examining the most ancient myths and their later commentaries. The last part discusses the myths of creation and the gods belonging to the category of Musubi, such as Amaterasu Omikami. 167. Mmn Shbz6 ~I~i - Shint6gaku josetsu {Vt / (An introduction to Shint6 studies), T6ky6, Kinseid6i, 1940, lO+l8'7+33+2pp. Shint6 seen as the heart of national morality. Chapters include "the development of ShintO,"1 "Shinto and Japanese culture. 168. K~no Sh~zO Shiltei ShintO dokuhon tri'~T~t (A ShintO reader, revised), T~ky5, Morikita Shoten, 1943, 3+4+270pp. A primer in nationalistic Shintbo written during the second World War. A clear and concise statement of this kind of Shint6 philosophy. 169. Nkanisi Asai ~t~I.~J,Shint no rron (Shint6 theory)' [=Kyoka shiryo s~sho dainishri 2+2+203pp.~ A. P (A miscellany of cultural historical materials, 2)], T~ky5, Jinja Honch6, 1953, An attempt at the re-orientation of the organization and doctrine of Shrine ShintO written after the war by a Shinto priest. 170. Nomura HachirO 4I\ Shint~ron { 2t (An essay on ShintO), Tfky6, Meiji Shoin, 1939, 205pp. 171. Anzu Motohiko -,ShnOtsakf}1~+I t (ShintO and ritual) [in ShintO bunka s~sho Z~. L *(Collection on ShintO culture)], T~kyO, Hakuteisha, 1940, 2'7lpp. Treats the origins of ShintO ceremonies and their meanings in a popular fashion. 4. SHRINE S The Shint8 shrine has a unique importance and many good studies have been made of it. The f ollowing are divided into those that are more purely historical in nature and those that deal with the intellectual bases of worship at the shrines. In the latter category especially there are many nationalistic books (entries 181, 184, etc.), but they have been placed here rather than in VII, 4, c, because they contain, besides the propaganda, important factual information as well. a. Historical 172. Fujimoto KfzaburO I TP and others, Nihon shaji taikan t ~ A.J (A catalogue of Japanese temples and shrines), Kyoto,. Hinode Shimbunsha, 1933, 2v. Historical and geographical notices on ShintO shrines (volume one) and Buddhist temples (volume two). Cf. Hall, 314.

Page  18 18 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 173. Miyaji Naokazu feiLk-, Kumano sanzan no shiteki kenkyiu ~f~t= o0),. ff a, (Historical studies of the three Kumano mountains), T6kyo, Risosha, 1957, 472pp. This and the following volume (entry 174) are the first two volumes of the posthumous works of this famous scholar. They are both concerned with important medieval Shint5 shrines. 174. Miyaji Naokazu 't Wiut-, Hachimangu no kenkyu A- r X e) ~, (Studies on the Hachiman shrine), Toky6, Ris6sha, 1957, 329pp. 175. Dai-Nippon Keishinkai A. Q; ~CLT/c (The Japanese Association for Reverence of the Deities), Dai-Nippon jinjashi X Et; u j[. - (Treatise on Japanese shrines), T6ky6, Dia-Nippon Keishinkai Hombu, 1933, 4v. 176. Yoshii Ry6oko 6 t - ', Jinja seidoshi no kenkyiu a tti pi| e c t (Study of the history of the shrine system), T6kyo, Yuzankaku, 1935, 2+2+11+502pp. Studies in the evolution of the following important elements in the structure of the shrine system: ritual (saishi), offerings (heisen), status of the shrines (shakaku), rank of the gods (shinkai), shrine holdings, government offices, etc. A wide usage is made of source materials. A chronological chart of laws concerning the shrines is appended. 177. Kono Sh5ozo f 5 i -, Jingishi teiy6o tiZ.__~ (A summary of Shinto history), Tokyo, Meiseido, 1944, 300pp. The historical evolution of Shinto shrines from antiquity to modern times told with a view toward establishing Shint5 as a basis for Japanese nationalism. 178. Nakamura Naokatsu t 4 ', Jinja bunkashi,L LX _ (The cultural history of shrines), Ky6to, Ichij6 Shob6, 1944, 2+6+232pp. The relation between the shrines and national life treated from both historical and philosophical angles. Chapters discuss important problems: "The life of ancient man and the shrines," "The rapprochement of Shint5 and Buddhism," "The nature of the ujigami," etc. 179. Kat6 Genchi p. ~t g, Homp6 seishi no kenkyu: +f I_] a) % A (seishi no shijitsu to sono shinri bunseki I4ffi) ~_a _. a t (A study of deified living human beings in Japan: The historical facts and a psychological analysis of deified living human beings), Tokyo, Meiji Seitoku Kinen Gakkai, 1931, 2+4+2+8+418+12+6pp. A rare historical study of this phenomenon (which includes emperor-worship) in its relation to Shint6. 180. Okino Iwasabur5 -' t ~- 3, Nihon jinja-k6: Nihon shukyoshi no yomikata IiT h - -- /H A < A c e T(A study of Japanese shrines- how to read the history of Japanese religion), To kyo, Ko seisha, 1952, 288pp. Various traditions concerning shrines and religion and myths concerning the imperial house are treated sociologically and rather theoretically. Publication was prohibited during the war because the author denied the historicity of the escapades of Wake no Kiyomaro. b. Doctrinal 181. Kono Sho z5 `q t J - -, Jinja Shint6o L '_kl~ (Shrine Shinto ), T6ky6, M ikasa Shob6, 1940, 238pp. An examination of the symbolism of the shrines and ceremonies of nationalistc Shintt. A war-time propaganda book. 182. Chfgai Nipp6 Henshikyoku oT $B e,k I9/J (Editorial Bureau of the Chugai Nipp6), ed., Jinja to shaky6 hihan ~ J: 4. _ _& (A criticism of shrines and religion), Ky6t6, Chigai Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1930, 1 46pp. An important collection of essays by various hands dealing with the problems of the freedom of religion and the religious character of nationalism as they conern shrine Shint6. The essayists include Sasaki S6ichi, Minobe Tatsukichi, Takahashi JunjirQ, Inoue Tetsujir6, and Kozaki K6d6. 183. limori Fumiharu Am* A. d, ed., Jinja mondai rons56 g-_ tf a| (Collected essays on the shrine problem), Toky6, Sen'y6sha, 1930-31, 3v. Similar to the preceding, contains essays dealing with the relationship between the shrines and religion. Essays are by Tanaka Jigohei, Mizoguchi Komaz6, Yamaguchi Einosuke, Miyaji Naokazu and Takano Gitar5. 184. Y a b e Z e n z a b u r 6 T -A X - - p, J in ja k yo te n t ij 4 (A c a n o n fo r sh rin e s ), To k yo, K a its ish a, ed. 2, 1942, l+l+ 1+6+308pp. Nationalistic morality and religion conceived as centering around shrine worship. 185. Kato Genchi ti e E, Jinja m ondai no saikent6 —Shint5 no hongi to waga kuni no kyo iku —*iX + { A -i m ~t - j4 ttw A:, ' h b" e ^ ^ (A second investigation of the shrine problem: The true meaning of Shint6 and our country's education), TTky6, Yuzankaku, 1933, 261pp. A criticism of the Christians' and Shin sect members' viewpoints on shrine Shint6. The author insists that Shint6 is more than a religion, the unifying point of all national thought.

Page  19 SHINTO 19 186. Kat6 Genchi -f5/ R, ed., Jinja tai shukyo f- T tt~ (Shrines versus religion), T6kyo, Meiji Seitoku Kinen Gakkai, 1930, 532pp. Twenty odd essays of the problems of Shrine Shint6 and the other religions: Inoue Tetsujir6, Arima Sukemasa, and others. 187. Miyaji Naokazu Ht~5-, Jinja k6y6 to tL, | (An outline of shrines), Tokyo, Toyo Tosho Kabushiki Goshi Kaisha, rev. and enlarged, 1941, 209pp. The relationship of the shrines to thought history, national life, and emotion discussed historically. The appendix quotes official promulgations on shrines and contains some summary charts of the most important shrines. 188. Jingu Shich6o %, %. (Office of the Grand Shrines of Ise), Jingi taik6 }t: (An introduction to the Ise Shrines), Mie, Jingu Shich6, 1912, 326pp. A clear and simplified account of the history, organization, construction, ornamentation, and rituals of the Ise Shrines. 189. Zenkoku Shinshokukai F 1|f? 46 (All-Japan Association of Shinto Priests), ed., Jinja dokuhon j (Shrine reader), Tokyo, Nihon Dempo TsUshinsha, 1940, 16+248pp. The shrines viewed as the center of national spiritual life. 190. Tagawa Daikichir6 E} AI ) i and Okino Iwasabur6o. _, Nihon to Kirisutoky6-jinja mondai *f8 It _~,t trt(Japan and the Christianity shrine problem), Tokyo, Ky6bunkan, 1939, 271pp. 5. THE EMPEROR Thought on the emperor and on the imperial house might equally as well be placed in one of the sub-sections on nationalism, but the emperor's position as head of the Shint5 religion has made us incline to put it here. Hall's section V, 5,(6), c contains a number of titles that we have not thought it necessary to reproduce here. Most of the following titles are post-war works, since pre-war authors were more or less forced to follow the quasi-metaphysical official interpretation of the imperial institution. Collections will be found under II, 1, c (especially entry 129). 191. Higo Kazuo 1t4 2, Tennoshi jIJ (History of the emperor), Tokyo, Fuzambo, 1945, 4+2+343+6pp. The emperor is treated here sbmewhat uncritically as embodying the symbol of national unity throughout history. Cf. Hall, 852. 192. Tanaka Sogor5go 6 p, Tenno no kenkyu At L M 5j (A study of the emperor), Tokyo, Kawade Shobo, 1951, 328pp. Tenn The economic, political, social, and intellectual role of the emperor in contemporary history. An objective study of the development of the institution of the emperor from the end of the Tokugawa to post-war times. Cf. Hall, 864. 193. Tsuda Sokichi 9 ~, Nihon no koshitsu V; (The imperial house of Japan), Toky6, Waseda Daigaku Shuppambu, 1952, 4+152pp. A somewhat misleading title which covers only the first essay of a group by this famous scholar. The others include "The problem of reign titles," "The land of the Chrysanthemum and the Sword" (about Ruth Benedict), "The Imperial Rescript on Education," etc. 194, Ishii Ry6suke, - ~ j* Tenno: Tenn6 t6chi no shiteki kaimei %_.O. A o[ ^4h ) A — (The Emperor — a historical analysis of imperial rule), Toky6, Kobund6, 1952, 264pp. A historical study of the development of the emperor's position as the ruler throughout the ages, with a long final section on the effects of the Meiji Restoration. Cf. Hall, 854. 195. Ikari Matazdo 4 - Lj, Nihon k6shitsuron 0 j 3 t ~ (Essay on the Japanese imperial house), Tokyo, Nihon Koshitsuron Kankokai, 1932, 207pp. The national spirit as objectified in the imperial house etc.: ten short essays of doctrinaire tendency. 196. Oikawa Giemon -" 1X, ~i t [, K6shitsu to bunka 4 ' ~ __L (The imperial house and culture), T6ky6, Chubunkan, 1930, 5+447+28pp. The influence of the emperor on national culture treated historically from earliest times to the Meiji period; chapters treat his relation with the arts, Shinto, Buddhism, and social welfare. An exhaustive, scholarly work. 197. Ninagawa Shin t tIo, Tenn6 (The emperor), T6kyo, Kobunsha, 1953, 219pp. The author is the son of one of the retainers of the Shogun and as such feels a certain lack of interest in the imperial institution. His book is an interesting attempt to show that imperial rule dates only from the Meiji period and has no roots in antiquity.

Buddhism

pp. 20-45

Page  20 20 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS III. BUDDHISM In the following selections from the vast field of Buddhist studies, Indian and Chinese Buddhism (except for canonical texts in Japanese editions) have been almost completely ignored; as far as possible only works concerned directly with Japanese Buddhism are included. Emphasis has also been put on more recent works of scholarship; for a short bibliography which includes the most important older publications see Hanayama Shinsh6 As l'," Orientation in the study of Japanese Buddhism," in A Guide to Japanese Studies, T6kyo, Kokusai Bunka Shink6kai, 1937, 87-135 (Cf. Hall, 178). 1. REFERENCE MATERIALS Very few of the following reference works deal exclusively with Japanese Buddhism; many of them contain Japanese works only incidentally, and some of them (e. g., entry 212) actually are consecrated solely to Indian Buddhism. Entries 204, 205, 209, 211 and 213 are devoted only to Japanese Buddhist works. The Taisho edition of the Tripitaka and the Dai-Nihon Bukkyo zensho (entries 198 and 205) will answer the needs of most students, but the specialists of particular sects will find the collected works of the individual sects very useful. The dictionaries listed again include mainly works concerned with Buddhism in general rather than with Japanese Buddhism alone. Entries 221 and 223 are especially recommended as the best Buddhist dictionaries of their kinds in any language. a. Collections 198. Takakusu Junjir5o $74i "I'. t, Watanabe Kaikyoku ~i'4-k-, and Ono Gemmy6o -J,-t/, ed., Taish6 shinshui daiz6ky6o j: a4rf A & (Newly revised Tripitaka of the Taish6 era), T6ky6, Daiz6 Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1924-1932, 10'v. '"' This is the standard edition (and the most complete) of the Buddhist scriptures in their Chinese translation. The collation is excellent, but the punctuation is often incorrect. In many scholarly works, this is the edition commonly referred to as the Taisho Edition, or sometimes simply as T., followed by the number of the text quoted. Cf. Hall, 492. 199. Showa hobo somokuroku 5 z 4 \ Xk 'L (General index to the Showa edition of the Tripitaka), Tokyo, Taisho Issaikyo Kankokai, 1929, 2v., and Daizo Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, lv. (3v. in all). An important subject index of the Taisho Edition which includes sub-indexes according to the syllabary and to the number of strokes of the Chinese characters. There is a wide coverage of subjects included. Only three volumes have been published, although 25 were originally planned; the work is therefore incomplete. Cf. Hall, 179. 200. Dai-Nihon zoku-z6ky6o b $ ~ ~, (Supplement to the Japanese edition of the Tripitaka), Kyoto, Zoky5 Shoin, 1905-12, 150 boxes. The Manji Zoku-zoky6 edition of the works in the Chinese Tripitaka preserved only in Japan. Cf. Hall, 491. 201. Dai-Nihon kotei shukkoku daizokyo 9 ' A,,T 4~ J'1 j " - (The Japanese collated edition of the Tripitaka), T6ky6, Kokyo Shoin, 1880-85, 419v. A handy, small-sized "digest" (in 419 volumes) of the Buddhist sutras, containing many Japanese works. Only the most important sutras are included. It is called the "Shukusatsu zoky.o" Cf. Hall, 489. 202. Dai-Nihon k6tei kunten daiz6ky6o I V ~ t-T. ) Xi ^A t (Japanese collated edition of the Tripitaka), Ky6t6, Z6ky6 Shoin, 1902-06, 347v. This is the Manji ~Rc edition of the Korean Tripitaka which has been superceded in general use by the Taish6 and Shukusatsu editions. Cf. Hall, 490. 203. Shukusatsu Daiz6ky6 Kank6kai,I 4l] I,,L-T]1 IT 4- (Association for the Publication of the Tripitaka in Reduced Size), ed., Sh6wa saitei shukusatsu daizokyo ~{ tj, j M f "~ (A Sh6wa revision of the reduced size Tripitaka), T6ky6, Shukusatsu Daiz6ky6 Kank6kai, 1935, 13v. A photographic reproduction of the Shukusatsu z6ky6, left incomplete at 13 volumes. 204. Nihon Daizky6 Hensankai e,~ I$- (Society for Compilation of the Japanese Tripitaka), Nihon daiz6ky6o E l ~ (Japanese Tripitaka), T6ky6, Nihon Daiz6ky6 Hensankai, 1914-21, 51v. The sutras and commentaries considered basic to Japanese Buddhism. Cf. Hall, 488. 205. Bussho Kankokai {t l - A/I (Society for Publication of Buddhist Texts), Dai-Nihon Bukkyo zensho,< +1$L4t (Complete collection of Japanese Buddhism), T6ky6, Dai-Nihon Bukky6 Zensho Hakk6sho, 1913-22, 15 1v., plus supplement, 10v. A very important collection for the history of Buddhism in Japan; contains all the sutras that have figured importantly in that history, together with the important texts. The texts are mainly in Kambun; there is no translation written by Japanese priests. Cf. Hall, 484.

Page  21 BUDDHISM 21 206. Iwano Shin'yu A fT.J:, ed., Kokuyaku issaikyo B.-t7J, (The Tripitaka in Japanese translation), T6ky6, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1915-41, 155v. This is not a real translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka into Japanese; it is rather a re-arrangement of the characters into Japanese reading order. Even this, unfortunately, is not always successful, but, when used with caution, it can be helpful in reading Indian Buddhist texts. It is only partially complete. Cf. Hall, 486. 207. Kokumin Bunko Kank6kai kt 9 OLO_ q-T ~T (Society for the Publication of the People's Library), ed., Kokuyaku daiz6ky6o ]4 A 1t* (The Tripitaka in Japanese translation), Tokyo, Kokumin Bunko Kank6kai, 1935-36, 32v. Translations mainly from the sutra and abhidharma sections of the Indian Tripitaka accompanied by the original Chinese text and annotations. 208. Mitsui Sh6shi 4: g j_, Showa shinsan kokuyaku daizoky5o o_,h, 4 (A new compilation during the Sh6wa era of Japanese translations of the Tripitaka), T6kyo, Toh5 Shoin, 1930, 48v. Representative samples of Indian, Chinese, and Japanese holy books of Buddhism translated into Japanese, with annotations. 209. Yamamoto Isao Z, 4:, ed., Koso meicho zenshiiu an (Complete works of important priests), Toky6, Heibonsha, 1931, 18v. Biographies and works of famous Japanese priests reproduced in an unscholarly, popular manner. Not very trustworthy. Cf. Hall, 487. 210. Bukkyo taikei IjQ,~.. (Compendium of Buddhist works), Tokyo, Bukkyo Taikei Kanseikai, 1918-30, 130v. A very useful compilation of Buddhist works considered the most important from the point of view of Japanese Buddhism. The notes are chosen from the best commentaries. Cf. Hall, 483. 211. Washio Junkei t t_1~4, Kokubun Toho Bukkyo sosho 1 t T/7frI (Series of Eastern Buddhist books in Japanese), Tokyo, Kokubun Toho Bukkyo Sosho Kankokai and Toho Shoin, 1925, 18v. An anthology of the most purely Japanese works of Buddhism which were written in Japanese. Important also for the study of Japanese Buddhist literature. Cf. Hall, 485. 212. Takakusu Junjir6o "P, 1 ' i, Nanden daiz6kyo rt4 J^,,L (The Tripitaka according to the Southern tradition), T6ky6, Daiz6 Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1935-41, 70v. Not of direct relevance to Japanese Buddhism, but useful as background to the study of Buddhism in general, this is a Japanese translation of the Pali or Ceylonese Tripitaka. 213. Kokumin Seishin Bunka Kenkyusho | F J^fjtti-, Nihon Bukkyo shiso shiryoshu ti fc V *- t (A collection of materials on Japanese Buddhist thought) [ =Kokumin seishin bunka bunken 23 le - L 23 (Materials for the People's Spiritual Culture, 23)], Tokyo, Kokumin Seishin Bunka Kenkyusho, 1941, 2+1+19+725pp. The most important leaders of Japanese Buddhism from Dengy6 Daishi to the Tokugawa period are represented by their most nationalistic works. The editor, Kaneko Daiei, was purged, during the Occupation era for this and similar nationalistic endeavors. 214. Nihon Shaky6 Zenshfi Kank6kai 4, - ~ it '\1 < t (Society for the Publication of the Complete Collection of Japanese Manuscript Sutras), ed., Nihon shaky6 zenshui 8 ~,,._ (Complete collection of Japanese manuscript sutras), Takeda Bokusaid6, 1938-, 10v. A collection of photographic reproductions of the calligraphic sutras of the Nara period. 215. Kawakami Kozan u ~ — j t-i, Yo-bun sh6roku Daizokyo sakuin J._,-,~ i\ (Phrase index of the Tripitaka), T6ky6, Daiz6kyo Sakuin Kank6kai, 1927, 3v. A phrase index to the Tripilaka arranged, somewhat obscurely, according to subject. Extremely useful for tracking down allusions to the canon. Cf. Hall, 325. b. Bibliographies 216. Bukkyo shoseki mokuroku, t; t At (Catalogues of Buddhist books) [=Dai-Nihon Bukkyo Zensho (Complete collection of Japanese Buddhist literature, v. 1,2)], T6ky6, Bussho Kankokai, 1913-14, 2v. Over 75 catalogues of old Japanese Buddhist texts. Cf. Hall, 171. 217. Butten Kenkyukai +i (Association for the Study of Buddhist Texts), ed., Bukkyo rombun somokuroku '\ 3 (Complete catalogue of articles on Buddhism), Tokyo, Ushio Shobo, rev. and enlarged ed., 1936, 4+2+8+648+8+8 1pp. Similar to item 220 below, but with fewer entries (12,600 against approximately 15,000). The arrangement by subject is perhaps a little clearer. There is a subject index of 80 pages, but no author index. Cf. Hall, 172.

Page  22 22 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 218. Ogihara Unrai ~f.', Daiz6ky6 Nanj6 mokuroku hosei sakuin L J-_ '~ 5.~. (English title: Japanese alphabetical index of Nanjo' s catalogue of the Buddhist Tripitaka), T6ky5, Maruzen, 1930. Before the publication of the appendix to the H6b6girin, this was the most convenient index to the titles of the Tripitaka. Cf. Hall, 173. 219. Ryuikoku Daigaku Toshokan iq4)s3$V (Library of Ryukoku University), Ryukoku Daigaku Wakansho bunrui mokuroku, Bukkyo no bu li)f- g, I X L -3 (Classified catalogue of Japanese and Chinese books held by Ryukoku college, section on Buddhism), Kyoto, Ryukoku Daigaku, 1929, 17+806+100pp. A very useful bibliography for Buddhist literature in general. A supplement published in 1935 brings it up to 1934. Cf. Hall, 177. 220. Ryukoku Daigaku Toshokan P i; ]ij (Library of Ryukoku University), Bukkyogaku kankei zasshi rombun bunrui mokuroku J >^ l8j t>,$ < (A classified catalogue of periodical articles in the field of Buddhist studies), Kyoto, Ryukoku Daigaku Shuppambu, 1931, 17+495+66pp. Important list of all scholarly magazine articles written from the beginning of Meiji to 1930 concerning all aspects of Buddhism, arranged according to subject: bibliographies; the Scriptures, works on printing, editions, agamas, prajdaparamitas, etc.; and doctrine. A special section is reserved for Shin sect Buddhism. There is an index of authors and subjects (66pp.) and a list of magazines utilized (17pp.). Cf. Hall, 176. c. Dictionaries and Chronologies 221. Mochizuki Shinky6o,, ed., Bukkyo daijiten,t (Dictionary of Buddhism), T6kyo, Bukky6 Daijiten Hakk6sho, 1932-36, 6v. The most authoritative Japanese dictionary of Buddhism, it is a monumental work containing entries on all phases of Buddhism. It has recently been re-printed in 8 volumes with a one-volume supplement and one volume of chronology (entry 233). This is usually the research student's first stop in tracking down difficult terms, names, or concepts. Cf. Hall, 317. 222. Ryuk6ku Daigaku -^Jt-, (Ryukoku University), ed., Bukkyo daijii \i ~tIZj (Dictionary of Buddhism), T6kyo, Fuzamb6, 1935-37, 6v. The second best Buddhist dictionary in many volumes after Mochizuki, slanted toward Jodo and Shin sect Buddhism. Nevertheless a very comprehensive work. There is no index; the entries are arranged according to pronunciation. Cf. Hall, 316. 223. Ono Gemmy6o,|' 4r', Bussho kaisetsu daijiten /174- ^t - 4- (Great dictionary of Buddhist books with explanations), Tokyo, Daito Shuppansha, 1932, 12v.; ed. 2, 1936-37. An extremely useful bibliographical dictionary of Japanese and Chinese Buddhist texts only. The description of each work is very exhaustive and accurate. Cf. Hall, 175. 224. Oda Tokuno 6,Bukkyo daijiten /,; - - (Dictionary of Buddhism), Tokyo, Okura Shoten, ed. 2, 1928, 60+1874+20+118pp.; reprinted, 1954. The best one-volume dictionary of Buddhism, it is better for doctrinal questions than for historical ones. Cf. Hall, 318. 225. Ui Hakuju t If,Bukkyo jiten 3J-ir (Dictionary of Buddhism), Tokyo, Daito Shuppansha, 1938, 1148pp.; Tosei Shuppansha, 1953. A good one-volume dictionary, Cf. Hall, 319. 226. Taya Raishun - _ and others, ed., Bukkyogaku jiten 4Jt,J- (Dictionary of Buddhology), Tky6o, Hozokan, 1950, 465+58+12pp. A handy and trustworthy dictionary devoted entirely to doctrinal questions. A second volume on Buddhist history has been announced by the same publisher. 227. Inoue Tetsujir6 F- ~ 3 and others, Mohan Bukkyo jiten 4,lj i, (A model Buddhist dictionary), Toky6, Toh6 Shoin, ed. 5, 1932, 2+2+13+1125pp. A student's dictionary, not first class. 228. Masutani Fumio i 1 9f * *,Bukkyo shin-jiten 'i t- i-5 (A new Buddhist dictionary), Tokyo, Risosha, 1953, 516pp. A popular dictionary written in a very comprehensible style for the ordinary layman. Masutani's Shinsen Bukkyo jiten J*g-.- (A dictionary of Buddhism, newly compiled), was published in 1942 by Dobunkan in T6ky6. 229. Takakusu Junjiro -7, I /, ed., Bukkyo jiten 4, Jf- (Dictionary of Buddhism), Tokyo, Daiyukaku, 1932, 305pp. '

Page  23 BUDDHISM 23 230. Kokodo ' ';on, ed., Bukky6 jiten ~j$g (Dictionary of Buddhism), T6ky6, Mugasamb6, 1926; also, Ky6to, Heirakuji Shoten, 1953, 1400pp. Handy, but not too scholarly. 231. Washio Junkei /j '"t. t, ed., Nihon bukke jimmei jisho 5- 4~ X;4 (A biographical dictionary of Japanese Buddhists), Tokyo, Koyukan, 1903, 439+1230+89pp. An old but very well written and useful work; nothing has appeared to replace it since its first edition. 232. Dai-Nihon jiin s6ran It 1,t,0JA I (A dictionary of Buddhist temples in Japan), T6ky6, Meiji Shuppansha, 1916, 2+722pp. Locates and gives the history of Buddhist institutions in Japan. Cf. Hall, 321. 233. Mochizuki Shinky5o 6 ~ l _, Bukky6 dainempyGo 4t,;-Ai; (Chronological chart of Buddhism), T6ky6, Mochizuki Hakase Kanreki Kinenkai, enlarged ed., 1930, 530ppo A chronology of Buddhist history in India, China and Japan (with emphasis on Japan) from Sakyamuni's birth to 1929. There are genealogical charts in the appendices. Cf. Hall, 354. 234. Hashikawa Tadashi,"l-f-, Shinsen Nihon Bukkyo nempy6o 4-4 44t~ II (Chronology of Japanese Buddhism newly compiled), Kyoto, Naigai Shuppan Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha, 1932, 530pp. An excellent, clear and handy chart from the beginnings of Buddhism in Japan to 1927. Covers all aspects of Buddhism in Japan. Cf. Hall, 366. 2. HISTORIES The most complete history of Japanese Buddhism is undoubtedly entry 235, and it should be in any serious student's library, to be consulted especially on purely historical questions. The historical studies contain books of specific essays on various aspects of Japanese Buddhism, cutting across sectarian lines. All books dealing solely with one sect will be found in the section devoted to that sect. The tendency, as will be seen in the following titles, has been toward the historical study of doctrinal problems, but since the war more and more scholars have been turning to social and economic aspects of Buddhism, following an early pioneer, Asano Kenshin (entries 276-277). a. General 235. Tsuji Zennosuke ' _4 ri, Nihon Bukkyoshi S4;._I_ (History of Japanese Buddhism), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1944-53, llv. Covers the history of Japanese Buddhism from its beginnings through the Tokugawa period; the most authoritative and complete work. Emphasis is on the effects of Buddhism on general culture, but individual historical facts are admirably and very scientifically verified. Good indexes are appended to each volume. Cf. Hall, 1379. 236. Hashikawa Tadashi ' '-, Gaisetsu Nihon Bukkyoshi tLf t;I (An outline of Japanese Buddhist history), Tokyo, Bunken Shoin, 1929, 387pp. A popular, clear outline. Cfo Hall, 1366. -237. Hashikawa Tadashi n,1E-, S6og Nihon Bukkyoshi,lf F a t* j — (A general history of Japanese Buddhism), To-ky, Meguro Shoten, 1932, 598pp. An excellent general survey of the history of Buddhist doctrine and of the Buddhist church in Japan. Cf. Hall, 1367. 238. Nishimitsu Gijun tJl it, Nihon Bukkyoshi gaisetsu V 4l 1_*J Ji (Introduction to the history of Japanese Buddhism), Ky6to, Ryfikoku Daigaku Shuppambu, 1940, 389pp.; Heirakuji Shoten, 1947. A good, fairly scholarly introduction. Cf. Hall, 1371. 239. Suzuki Ch6k6 M 4: t", Nihon Bukky6 gaisetsu S fi r Jf,"_ J (Introduction to Japanese Buddhism), T6ky6, Meiji Shoin, 1941, 221pp. Not first-rate. 240. Ui Hakuju t #, Nihon Bukky6 gaishi 9- $ tLL j _ (Outline history of Japanese Buddhism), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1952, 288pp. An excellent summary by one of the masters of the history of Chinese Buddhism (and particularly the Dhyina sect), of the changes undergone by Chinese Buddhism as it became Japanese Buddhism. '241. Tamamuro Taij5 -t k, Nihon Bukky6shi gaisetsu S3,~j EnvJ (Introduction to the history of Japanese Buddhism), T6ky6, is6sha Shuppambu, 1940, 444pp. A much admired, purely historical introduction by a professor at Kumamoto University. Cf. Hall, 1375. 242. Sakaino K6oyo 't', Nihon Bukky6 hattatsu gaikan - 3fft- L ~J (An introduction to the development of Japanese Buddhism), T6ky6, Dait6 Shuppansha, revo ed., 1940, 152pp. A popularized introduction consisting of notes to a series of lectures.

Page  24 24 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 243. Kaneko Daiei, - -t, Nihon Bukky6shikan 0 B L~__j (Survey of the history of Japanese Buddhism), Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1940, 481pp. A rather philosophical essay on the development of Japanese Buddhism from the time of Shotoku Taishi to Shinran. The author attempts to show the perennial quality of Shin Buddism in early Japanese Buddhist history. A good work by a famous Shin sect popularizer. Cf. Hall, 1368. -244. Tsuji Zennosuke 'h k.7, Nihon bunka to Bukky6 0 ~ ^A ( t (Japanese culture and Buddhism), T6kyo, Dai-Nippon Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha, 1937, 294pp.; Dai-Nippon Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1943, 426pp. Lectures given by an outstanding authority on Japanese Buddhist history showing Buddhism as an element in Japanese culture: its social, intellectual, and political relations. 245. Sat6 Tokuji 4;.~ _-, Bukkyo no Nihon-teki tenkai 4$., W;i;) 1 (The Japanese development of Buddhism), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, ed. 4, 1938, 298pp. A very clear explanation by a professor at Keij6 (Seoul) University trained in Western philosophy, of the process by which Japanese Buddhism took on its uniquely Japanese characteristics, from its importation to the Kamakura period. Slightly nationalistic, but a good book. b. Historical Studies. 246. Tsuji Zennosuke k~Ai_~, Nihon Bukkyoshi no kenkyiu a it; -tL_) 1;~ (Studies in the history of Japanese Buddhism), T6ky6, Kink6od, 1942, 2v. Separate studies of different aspects of Japanese Buddhism from its beginnings through the early Meiji period. Cf. Hall, 1380. 247. Fujiwara Yusetsu. i '., Nihon Bukky6shi kenkylu 9 ~ \ ^,^ (Studies in the history of Japanese Buddhism), Tokyo, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1938, 4+14+716pp. Various articles reprinted from scholarly journals. Cf. Hall, 1365. 248. Tokiwa Daij6o i 7t-, Nihon Bukky5 no kenkyu a 4 L ' a 5 j (Studies in Japanese Buddhism), Toky6, Shunjfisha Sh6hakukan, 1943, 544pp. A specialist in Chinese Buddhism discusses the originality of Japanese Buddhism. Essays on the singularity of Japanese Buddhism, on some ancient sages (Shotoku Taishi, Dengy6 Daishi, etc., Shinran's doctrine, Japanese Buddhism and the ordination rites. 249. Matsumoto Bunzabur6o t't, i p, Bukky6shi no kenkyu ~t_; _ (Studies in the history of Buddhism), Ky6to, Kobund6, 1925, 2+4+429pp. Deals with Indian, Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, with an emphasis on this last. There are essays on the printing of the Japanese Tripitaka, the early Japanese Zen monks, Buddhism and Japanese culture, Buddhism and Kabuki melodies, suicide and traditions concerning the transmission of esoteric Buddhism. 250. Miyamoto Sh6son ~;$ —, ed., Bukky6 no kompon shinri 442 t2t I J (The fundamental truth of Buddhism), T6kyo, Sanseido, 1957, 1228+34+12pp. Many of the most distinguished Japanese scholars of Buddhism have contributed essays on various historical and doctrinal aspects of HInayana, Mahayana, Chinese, and Japanese Buddhism. The essays on Japan include "The ethical character of Japanese Buddhism" (Yuki Sakazu ij - f4-t ); "Ordination Vinaya in Japanese Buddhism" (Nishimoto Ryfzan i7 -i ); "The Japanese development of Ekayana thought" (Hanayama Shinsh6 4A dl 1{t H ); "Japanese forms of esoteric Buddhism" (Kanayama Bokusho L il - g ); "The importance of Ennin in the history of Esoteric Tendai Buddhism" (Shimizudani Ky6jun *1ffi". ); "J6do Buddhism of Mount Hiei" (Sat6 Tetsuei 4- kz - ); and essays on various points of the doctrine of H6nen (Shiio Benky6 toF I C ), Shinran (Kaneko Daiei - '~, Umehara Shinryfu d,/,, the Nichiren sect (Mochizuki Kank6o 5 R ~1 ), and Zen (Okada Gih6 t S t-, Yamada Reirin ca ~l ~ff;, and Et6 Soku6o T j.. ). 251. Mochizuki Shinky6 1 4-, Bukky6shi no shokenkyii {.4 $t; 5L (Various studies in Buddhist history), Toky6, Mochizuki Bukky5 Kenkyusho, 1937, 545pp. Studies on Indian, Chinese and Japanese Buddhism by a specialist in the history of the Jodo sect. 252. Oya Tokujo &_t-, Nihon Bukky6shi kenkyfiu 3; 47/ t 'j (Studies in the history of Japanese Buddhism), Ky6to, Hozokan, 1951-3, 3v. Volume one contains essays on Asuka and Nara Buddhism; volume two on Tendai and Shingon during the Heian period; volume three on Zen and J6do during the Kamakura. 253. Yamada Bunsh6o d4 Sy, Nihon Bukkyoshi no kenkyiu E _ (Studies in the history of Japanese Buddhism), Nagoya, Hajinkaku, 1934, 416pp.

Page  25 BUDDHISM 25 254. Hashikawa Tadashi4j, Nihon Bukky5 bunkashi no kenkyii 9/ &~~(tdesi h itr of Japanese Buddhist culture), Ky6to, Chilgai Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1944, 2+4+606pp. 255. Washio Junkei 3 u'l 5, Nihon Bukky67 bunkashi kenkyiied ~,9j ~(tde nteclua history of Japanese Buddhism), T6ky6, Fuzamb6, 1938, 3+3+444pp. Essays on various aspects of Japanese Buddhism: its relations with Sung China, H~nen, the Obaku sect, Zen monks and their calligraphy, an introduction to Japanese temples and monasteries, etc. 256. Honi Ichiro It -tJ, J6dai Nihon Bukky6 bunkashi ~Aj9,~4 ~k (The history of Buddhist culture in ancient Japan), T~ky6, DaitI5 Shuppansha, 1943, 2v. A social history of early Japanese Buddhism: its introduction into Japan, Sh6toku Taishi, etc. 257. Honi Ichir5 Nihon j6dai bunka. to Bukky6 P$ -i1- kK~ `~I ~, f + (Ancient Japanese culture and Buddhism), Ky~to, H~z6kan, 1941, 241pp. A general introduction similar in subject to the preceding. 258. Honi Ichir6 _F1, Nihon Bukky6shi-ron E,? IT4 L (Essays on Japanese Buddhist history), T6ky6, Meguro Shoten, 1940, 41+6+l+4+348pp. Basic problems in acculturation as seen in the acceptance of Buddhism by primitive Japan: essays on the Nihon shoki and Buddhism, Sh6toku Taishi, etc. p259. Miyazaki Enjun ''4F3~ Chiisei Bukky6 to shomin seikatsu ~ R (Medieval Buddhism and the life of the common people), ~Ky6tio, Heirakuji Shoten, 1952, 280pp. A series of articles on a neglected subject. 260. Hazama Jik5 Vl-. Li, Nihon Bukky5 no kaiten to sono kich6 9 0 4 0 Ak PI (The development and underlying tone of Japanese Buddhism), T6ky6, SanseidI5, 1953, 2v. Volume one consists mainly of essays on medieval Tendai Buddhism and on the doctrinal relations between the Kamakura J~do and Nichiren sects. The second volume contains essays on medieval Tendai doctrine. 260a HonIchi6 ~I - ~, Yugy6 shisO: kokumin shinkO no honshitsuron )-~ ~~f) ~ (Yugy6: the essence of national beliefs), T6ky6, Ikuei Shoin, 1944, 548pp. An important, well-documented study of the itinerant priests and their very considerable influence on folk belief s. 261. Murakami Toshio tt 4),ShugendI5 no hattatsu 1- L' (The development of mountain asceticism), T6ky6, Unebi Shob6, 1943, 3+7+330pp. The first scholarly work on the popular, Shint6 reverence for mountains which, complicated by Taoist and Buddhist elements, crystallized the important Japanese Buddhist institution of mountain asceticism. 262. Wakamori Taro ivR,tJ Shugend~shi kenyi f-.0 I #_iL (Studies in the history of mountain asceticism), T6ky6, Kawade Shob6, 1943, 7+'4+360pp. An important study of the origins, establishment, and changes in mountain asceticism from the Heian to the end of the Tokugawa, treated from the point of view of intellectual history. Three other studies, on Kumano beliefs, the Taiheiki, and the "Butsumy6kai,? are appended. '263. Ienaga Sabur6,Chiisei Bukkyo shis6shi kenki '~ i-#4~ (Studies in the intellectual history of medieval Buddhis) Ky6to, H6z6kan, 1947, 190pp. Studies on "the establishment of Shinran' s religion,t' "the historical character of D6gen' s religion," "the establishment of Nichiren' s religion, and "the Buddhist-Christian argument in Japan seen from the point of view of the history of philosophy." 264. Ono Seiichir6 '1' %~ and Hanayama Shinsh5 6cL ~L 142z,ed., Nihon Bukkyo no rekishi to rinen e 1 I~JL~v 4t-: tt (The history and ideology of Japanese Buddhism), TUky6, Meiji Shoin, 1940, 608pp. Eighteen famous scholars writing in a Festschrift commemorating the thirteenth anniversary of the death of Professor Shimaji Dait6. Good studies on the commentaries to the Three Sutras and the origins of Japanese Buddhism (Hanayama), Saich6 and the Saddharma pu~ujarlSa, oeapect of Sh6toku Taishil s doctrine, on Kegon thought (Sakamoto Yukio) and on post-Meiji religion (Miyamoto Sh6son). 265. Kimiya Yasuhiko, IA, Nlkka bunka kOrylsh ~ 91 (History of Sino-Japanese cultural relations), T6ky6, Fuzambo, 1955, 823+45pp. Mainly concerned with Sino-Japanese commerce and politics until the 19th century, about one-third of this important new book is devoted to chapters on Japanese monks in T'ang, Sung, YUan, and Ming China and their cultural Importations into Japan.

Page  26 26 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 266. Tsukamoto Zenryiu ~t<^|, Nisshi Bukky6 k6sh6shi kenkyu E 4|.-,; (Studies in the history of the relations between Japanese and Chinese Buddhism), T6ky6, Ky6bunkan Shobo, 1944, 306pp. A collection of articles by one of the present deans of Chinese Buddhist studies in Japan; it contains an important study of J6jin, a Tendai monk who went to T'ien-t'ai mountain in Sung China. 267. Matsumoto Bunzabur6 t; $YC-p, Bukky6 geijutsu to sono jimbutsu 4L{ ' A (Buddhist art and its men), Toky6, D6bunkan, 1923, 3+3+476pp. Divided into two parts, a discussion of the art of India, China, and Japan and its evolution, and in the second part, of two or three forgotten figures in Buddhist history. 268. Fukaura Sh6bun. '-L E, Bukkyo bungaku monogatari 4A/_tlr~' - (The story of Buddhist literature), T6ky6, T6rin Shob6, 1929, 594pp., Ky6to, Nagata Bunsh6od, 1952, 2v. 269. It6 Kei ' f, Nihon bunka to Nihon Bukky6o V $l L 4 ~ i /4 P$ (Japanese culture and Japanese Buddhism), Osaka, Shinshind6, 1942, 251pp. A fairly pedestrian account of the relations between Japanese culture and Buddhism. 270. Iwami Mamoru ktj=, H6z6 bunko: Nihon shokoso no omokage I'D- 1 -? l bf (H6zo library-vestiges of several great monks of Japan), Kyoto, H6z6kan, 1938, 206pp. Random notes on early Buddhist figures; rather unscholarly, but fairly objective. Includes written portraits of Sh6toku Taishi, Dengy6, K6bo, Shinnyo Shinn6, Genshin, H6nen, Y6sai (also known as Eisai), My6ei, Shinran, D6gen, Nichiren, and Ippen. 271. Mori RyUkichi Am =, Nihon Bukkyoron eQ lf7/= (An essay on Japanese Buddhism), Ky6to, Nihon Kagakusha, 1947, 280pp. How the Japanese people assimilated Buddhism, how they changed it, and how it finally become basic to the national consciousness. The author is a Marxist. 272. Mibu Shojun 4 ~ 5 "Ill, ed., Shfso to shid6 seishin Z JR - ~ - '' (The founders of sects and the spirit of leadership), Toky6, Miyakoshi Taiyodo Shob6, 1943, 332pp. Lectures given during the war at the Kaz6in in Asakusa (T6ky6) entitled "The lives and doctrines of Japanese Buddhist leaders. " Contains popular accounts of Sh5toku Taishi, Dengyo, Kobo, H6nen, Shinran, Nichiren, Dbgen, and Hakuin. The author is a J6do priest famous for his socialistic tendencies. 273. K6s6den s5sh6 av {fit A' (A collection of biographies of famous monks), T6ky6, Daiyukaku, 1934-, 15v. A popular and rather unscholarly set of biographies of important Japanese preists throughout the ages. 274. Mainichi Shimbunsha - t r T, ed., Shinko Nihon Bukky5 ressoden S ^=- El ~ ~,t,T[ 1 (New lectures on the founders of Japanese Buddhist sects), TTkyo, Mitami Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1944, [ 14]+3+415pp. Popular lectures on seven important Buddhist saints (beginning with Sh6toku Taishi and ending with Dogen) of Japanese Buddhism. 275. Nagasaka Kaneo i- 't /., ed., Bukky6 k6kogaku k6za 44S_ ~ U ~t - (Series on Buddhist archaeology), T6ky6, Yizankaku, 1936-37, 15v "Archaeology" in a very broad sense, these volumes include popular lectures on the Buddhist scriptures, sculpture, architecture, tombs, memorial services, etc., with the main emphasis on Japan. 276. Asano Kenshin -' 1i'-, Nihon Bukky6 shakai jigy6shi e 1; \ 4k/_tT (History of Buddhist social work in Japan), T6ky6, Bonjinsha, 1935, 260pp. A series of essays on the role Buddhism played in the fostering of social work in Japan throughout the centuries. A good book on a neglected field. Cf. Hall, 1364. 277. Asano Kenshin ' I h t,, Bukky6 shakaigaku kenkyu It t /, ' (Study of Buddhist sociology), T6ky6, Bonjinsha, 1935, 6+304pp. A pioneering effort in this field; the first part is devoted to a general discussion of methodology, the second is a collection of articles on particular' sociological problems in Buddhism. 278. Oshima Seisaku -t -, ed., Ry6kan zenshiu 4 t / (The complete works of Ry6kan), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1929, 635pp. An incomparably complete and sensitive study of the poet-monk Ry6kan with a definitive edition of his works. -279. Washio Junkei.t o i, K6shitsu to Bukkyo | k {e 4 (The imperial house and Buddhism), T6ky6, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1937, 547pp. The history of the Buddhist faith of the imperial family, their relations with the religion, and the process by which Buddhism became a national religion of Japan.

Page  27 BUDDHISM 27 3. GENERAL DOCTRINE As in the case of works on Shinto, in the case of Buddhism there are a certain number of works to be distinguished from historical studies as more purely philosophical or religious. And again as in the case of Shinto many or even most of the works of this character tend to be doctrinaire or plain religious propaganda. The following books are divided into a) (280-298), those which are concerned, in a more or less objective manner, with the general philosophical and religious bases of Buddhism, without paying too much attention to sectarian differences; b) (299-302), those which are concerned with objective analysis, but along sectarian lines; and c) (303-309), those more concerned with religious propaganda, together with devotional works of a general, nonsectarian nature. See also III, 5 for works of this last class. 280. Ui Hakuju -4~4, Bukky6 hanron 4fL_-FL (Outlines of Buddhism), Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, ed. 2, 1949, 2v. An excellent summary of Indian, Chinese, and Japanese Buddhism, one of the best available for an easily understood, over-all view of Buddhism, in its historical evolution. 281. Kaneko Daiei /;,, Bukky6 gairon J~~t~ (Introduction to Buddhism), Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1923, 3+5+378+21pp. A rather philosophical attempt to get at the fundamental, unifying truth that underlies all (Mahayana) Buddhist doctrines. There is little or no analysis of individual sects or their histories. 282. Sakaino Koyo t iTtlT, Bukkyogaku gairon a i tr (Introduction to Buddhism), Tokyo, Sakaino Hakase Ik6 Kankokai, 1936, 3+12+285+22pp. A posthumous work by this important scholar which unfortunately deals only with the earlier Buddhist sects. The early Japanese sects are dealt with only in outline form, but their development from continental Buddhism is well defined. 283. Shimaji Dait6 -t- It,, Bukky6 taik6o 4L,,, (An outline of Buddhism), Tokyo, Meiji Shoin, 1931-, 3+6+668pp. Volume one of a six-volume edition of Shimaji's posthumous works, containing lectures given at Tokyo University and T6y6 University. The lectures are general, the most interesting for the student of Japanese Buddhism probably being the first on "an introduction to the hongaku ('basic purity') thought of Japanese Buddhism." 284. Kaneko Daiei, +- k', Bukkyo no shomondai Mt$4 tJ C ~ (Several Buddhist problems), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1934, 475pp. Essays on the study of Buddhism, "Buddhist wisdom is rather naivete or simplicity than intellectuality," on the doctrine of karma, etc. 285. Hatani Ryotai 3:1 A, Bukkyogaku gairon josetsu 4t,$s ^ ] r (An introduction to the outlines of the study of Buddhism), Tokyo, Bukky6 Nenkansha, 1935, 79pp. A discussion of current methodology in the study of Buddhism, Sakyamuni's basic doctrine, etc. Only incidentally touches Japan. 286. Hatani Ry6tai T-h] J p, Bukky6 kyoikugaku, t1_jxk" (Buddhist pedagogy), Toky6, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1936, 357pp. a An interesting discussion of educational problems using the Buddha Sakyamuni's educational attitudes and the philosophy of education found in Chinese Buddhism as guide. 287. Kugimiya Takeo.T ', Gy6d6 Bukky6gaku 'L iJti/L (Practical Buddhism), Tokyo, KCobundo, 1939, 359pp. A well-organized discussion of Buddhism from a practical angle; the peculiarities of the various Chinese and Japanese sects are particularly well treated especially from the point of view of their meditational practices. 288. Hisamatsu Shin'ichi _,4-, Kishin no kadai t_ > i _ (Problems in Kishin), Toky6, Kobundo, 1947, 132pp. An excellent philosophical treatment of certain problems in Buddhist doctrine raised by the important Chinese Mahayana forgery (ascribed to Asafiga), Ta-sheng ch'i-hsin lun,"The Awakening of the Faith in Mahayana." 289. Suzuki Daisetsu /tA, Bukky6 no taii }l QK..t (Essence of Buddhism), Kyoto, Hozokan, 1947, 136pp. A Japanese translation of a book originally written in English, read before the Emperor and Empress in 1946. The "essence" of Buddhism according to this interpretation is very Zennist. 290. Ryukoku Daigaku ^ C (Ryuikoku University), Bukky6 y6ron /t4jt >C (Essence of Buddhism), Kyoto, Hyakkaen, 1953, 172pp. A simple history of Buddhism and a very abridged account of the doctrine of the different Japanese sects. It is used as a text-book.

Page  28 28 28 ~~A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 291. Buttan Nisen Gohyakunen Kinen Gakkai f~~~~ i ~~ (Society for the Commemoration of the 2500th Anniversary of the Birth of the Buddha), Bukkyogaku no shomondai ~ j (Various problems in the study of Buddhism), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1935, 5+6+1lO85pp. Essays by representative Japanese Buddhist scholars. 292. Nakayama Enji t Lk4b --, Bukky6 ni okeru toki no kenkyii It 3 ~ 4 (Studies on time in Buddhism), Kdky6 Shoin, 1943, 10+2+404lpp. The problem of time in Japanese Buddhism,particularly in the philosophies of D6gen and Shinran. 293. Iwano Shinlytid Bukky6 shink6 jitsuwa zenshii 4/U,;1t;,it- (A complete collection of the actual accounts of Buddhist belief), T6ky6, Daito Shuppansha, 1930, 20v. Somewhat propagandistic, but useful for the study of the faith of famous Buddhist monks and laymen throughout history. 294. Wshio unkei~ k~ 1~ ~,Bukky,5 to kokumin shis6 44L it't.(Buddhism and national thought), Tk6 Kokushi KMshiikai, 1922, 103pp. A nationalistic discussion of the relations between Buddhism and national morality. 295. Kat6 Totsud6 /ftt I ', Nihon seishin to daiJ6 shis6 q ~~&~~ (The Japanese spirit and Mahayana thought), Tfky6, Jich6sha, 1934, 265pp. A very personal approach; of slight scholarly value. 296. Aoki Keimaro ~C,Nembutsu no keijij6gaku / (The metaphysics of Nembutsu or Buddhanusmti T~ky6, K6bund6, 1943, 250pp. A philosophical interpretation of the Nembutsu. or Buddhanusmprti school of Buddhism with special emphasis on Shan-tao (Zend.6), leader of this school in T'ang dynasty China. 297. Bukkyo7 shis6 taikei (A compendium of Buddhist thought), T6ky6, Dait,6 Shuppansha, 1931-34, 20v. Essays by important scholars on various aspects of Indian, Chinese, and Japanese Buddhism; includes studies by Sakaino K~y6, Ono Gemmy6 (Buddhist mythology), Ui Hakuju (Buddhist logic), and essays on H6nen, Nichiren, K6b6 Daishi, etc. 298. Murakami Senj6 Tt.JL4 ri, Bukky,5 t6itsu-ron 4~z~7j~(Oecumenlcal Buddhism), T6ky6, KinkMd6, 1926, 6v. I An attempt to unify the doctrines of the various Buddhist sects; this work amounts to an introduction to Buddhism. 299. Osaka Mainichi Shimbunsha 8Vk El 2f- (Osaka Mainichi Newspaper Company), ed,. Shink6 Nihon Bukky6 gairon. +~ g JiV&-#TjW' (New lectures on the outlines of Japanese Buddhism), T6ky6, Isseid6, 1942, 322pp. A series of popular lectures beginning with a general talk by Kaneko Daiel which is followed by short discussions of the Hoss6, Kegon, Ritsu, Tendai, Shingon, Zen, and Amidist sects. 300. Bukky6 Gakkai 4t4 (Association for the Study of Buddhism), ed., Hasshil k~y5 k~gi A IT (Lectures on the elements of the eight sects), Ky6to, H6z6kan, 1954, 518pp. A good modemn explanation of the traditional eight sects (the six Nara sects and Tendai and Shingon). 301. Otani Daigaku k, ~i (5tani University), ed., Bukky6 shoshd gaisetsu I4~Ztiv 11t1 (An intro,duction to the various sects of Buddhism), Ky6to, H&z6kan, 1940, 26lpp. A text-book composed of excerpts from the Buddhist canon describing the most important sects in China and in Japan. 302. Kenshin Gakuen #k& j 7"C (Kenshin School), Nihon Bukky6 k6za 9.'44J (Essay series on Buddhism in Japan), Ky~to, Kenshin Gakuen Shuppambu, 1937, 322pp. An introductory lecture, "A general view of Japanese Buddhism," by Tamaki TVk6, is followed by lectures by various scholars on the Eight Sects (see entry 300), Yiizii nembutsu, JMdo, Zen, Shin, Nichiren, and Ji sects. 30 3. Kimura Taiken 4 t,Bukky6gaku nyimon 4/0Tr~X (A guide to the study of Buddhism), Tdky6, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1942, 32lpp. A companion to entry 304 by the same author, this is a set of essays on how to live in the real world after having attained enlightenment: "From real vacuity to marvelous existence," etc. This book is considered a good introduction to general Buddhist doctrine. 304. Kimura Taiken t 4Gedatsu e no michi ~' ~j (The way to liberation), T6ky6, K6shisha, 1950, 350pp. A popular guide to Buddhist laymen by a professor of T~ky6 University who is a member of the 56t sect. The work is nonsectarian., however.

Page  29 BUDDHISM 29 305. Kimura Taiken 7; t, Bukkyo gairon: Shinku yori my6u eIK- A-47 (An introduction to Buddhism: from Sunyata to Nirvana), T6ky6, K6shisha, rev. ed. 1939, 430pp. A popular, devotional explanation of Mahayana metaphysics. A companion book to the preceding. 306. Takagami Kakush5o rtt-, Shomanky6 k6gi ~ ~ ~ (Lectures on the Srl-mala sutra), T6ky6, Yakumo Shoten, 1944, 256pp. Lectures for women on a sutra said to have been preached to a princess by Sakyamuni. 307. Seinen Bukkyo s6sho $J~~~ (A Buddhist miscellany for young people), Toky6, Sanseid6, 1935-41, 34v. Various scholars writing on many subjects, objectively, with little or no sectarian bias trying to bring a knowledge of Buddhism to young people. 308. Toky6 Teikoku Daigaku Bukky6 Seinenkai I,, 1|S 7 K ^t^t4 (The Young Men's Buddhist Association of Tokyo Imperial University), Bukky6 shiso k6za Add t (Essay series on Buddhist thought), T6ky6,Toky6 Teikoku Daigaku Bukky6 Seinenkai, 1939-40, 12v. The Young Men's Buddhist Association movement finds expression in this series of miscellaneous talks on Buddhism for young people. 309. Bukky6 Ky6kai 4+t'/A (Buddhist Association), ed., Shin'yaku Bukky6 seiten I 44{t2-, - (A new translation of Buddhist scriptures), Ky6to, Hozokan, 1952, 120pp. A book of popular religious propaganda, easy to read translations from the Tripitaka, divided according to the traditional "Buddha, the Law, the Community' and the lay members. 4. INDIVIDUAL SECTS Most of the works concerning Japanese Buddhism deal with one particular sect. These have been divided into the Nara sects, Tendai, Shingon, Jodo, Shin, Zen, and Nichiren, in the chronological order of their flourishing in Japan. Within each sect the works are arranged as follows: 1) Reference works, collected works of the sect, dictionaries, etc.; 2) General historical works; 3) Particular historical works; 4) Main figures of the sect and their collected works; 5) Devotional works. The published corpus of works of the fifth category is exceedingly large, but only works of a particular general interest have been included: those of famous preachers or laymen that have achieved national importance in Japan. Generally speaking, in recent times most of these works have been produced by members of the Shin sect. a. The Nara Sects and Shotoku Taishi There is no general work devoted entirely to all the so-called Six Nara sects, and only three of them, the Ritsu (Vinaya), Yuishiki (Vijnana), and Kegon (Avatamhsaka) have works entirely devoted to them. For the other sects and for more detailed studies, general histories and collections of studies will have to be consulted. The studies of Shotoku Taishi form a section of their own. His position as "grandfather" of Japanese Buddhism and as an early culture hero inspired many works before the war, and eveh now the authenticity of his commentaries on on the "Three Sutras" is hotly discussed. 310. Ishida Mosaku; F i4, Shaky6 yori mitaru Narach6 Bukky5 no kenkyu,., t;.. 4I { O /R _T (A study of Buddhism of the Nara period based on manuscript stras), T6ky6, T6y6 Bunko, 1930, 254+13+156+54pp. Excellent essays on the Nara Tripitaka and its importation, the various Nara sects as seen in the manuscript sutras, how the Nara manuscript sutras were made and where, the life and tools of the scribes, etc. There is a bibliography of Nara manuscripts of the sutras, their commentaries and other Nara period works (mainly Chinese), and a good index. 311. T6sh6daiji Kaigakuin ~~4._. — j, T6sh6daiji rons/U v 4 4t^- T (T5sh5daiji studies), Ky6to, Kuwana Bunseid6, 1944, 171pp. Important studies on this early Nara temple, founded by the Chinese monk Chien-chen (Ganjin), which played a central role in the introduction of continental Buddhist doctrine (particularly Vinaya) into Japan. 312. Fukaura Shobun >^ iL, Yuishikigaku kenkyu rm' 'L (Studies in the Vijnana school), Ky6to, Nagata Bunshod6, 1954, 2v. An authoritative study of this important early Mahayana sect in India, China, and Japan. Volume one is concerned with the history of the sect, volume two with its doctrine. 313. Fukihara Sh6shin 'W, i7, Nihon yuishiki shis6shi $p..~_ (The history of Japanese Vijnanamatra thought), T6ky6, Taigad6, 1944, 500pp. A good study by a lecturer at Otani University.

Page  30 30 30 ~~A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 314. Hosokawa Kameichi ~If 1 l, Nihon j6dai Bukky6 no shakai keizai u, 1 — (The social economy of ancient Japanese Buddhism), T~ky6, Hakuy~sha, 1931, 252pp. A rare work on this important topic. 315. Yutsugi Ry6ei ~ j 3, Kegon taikei ~k~(A Kegon compendium) [ Bukky6 Daigaku so-sho 3 ii~& -44 3(Buddhist University series, 3T)T, T6ky6, Bukky6- Daigaku Shuppambu, 1920, 2+2+21+629pp. An excellent assemblage of the most important texts of the Avataxhsaka sect in Japan. 316. Takamine Ry6shii kJ}~ 1 Kegon shis6shi (A history of Kegon thought), Ky6to, K6ky6 Shoin, 1942, 505pp. The philosophy of the Avataxhsaka stitra studied in its historical evolution in China and Japan by a professor at Ryfikoku. University. 317. Ishida Mosaku;i T kA and others, ed., Sh6toku Taishi zenshil ~}4 (The complete works of Sh6toku Taishi), T6ky6, Ryilginsha, 1942 -44, 6v. The f irst two volumes contain Sh6toku Taishil s works (the " Constitution" and the commentaries on Buddhist sutras); the second two, ancient and modern biographies; the fifth, reproductions of the various repre - sentations of Shdtoku Taishi; and the sixth, a selection of studies by modern scholars. Almost all the basic materials for the study of Sh6toku Taishi are assembled herein. 318. Takakusu Junjir5 _ /r~ and Mochizuki Shinky6 V ~ Sh~toku Taishi gyoden sh6sho (A collection of biographies of Sh~toku Taishi), T~ky6, Kanao Bun'endd, 1942, 522pp. Biographies of Sh~toku Taishi by Shitaku, Heishi, Kenshin, H~kii, Seiy6, Shungen, and five other priests. 319.lenga Sbur ~. (F'3,J~gii Sh6toku h65 teisetsu no kenkyfi —kakuronhenL' -- (Studies on the J6g5 ~h6toku h55 teisetsu), T~ky5, Sanseid5J, 1951 -53, 2v. The first volume studies the structure, origin, transmission, and the historical value of this oldest of the biographies of Sh~toku Taishi; the second volume contains commentaries. 320. Hanayama Shinsh5 k- 1AI and Ienaga Sabur6 I9/X e.,JiiShtou 6 teisetsu e(Biography of Sh~toku Taishi), T~ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1941, l78pp. The text, translation and commentary of the oldest biography of the prince. 321. Ogino Minahiko rg 'F', ~-A Sh~toku Taishi-.den Kokon mokurokush6 C ) (The biography of Sh6toku T aishi, the Kokon mokurokush6), T6ky6, Morie Shoten, 1937, 97l+ll+3+26~pp. An annotated edition of the text with a very complete index of terms and characters. 321a. Ogino Minahiko, 5j. t~ -t, Sh6toku Taishi..den Kokon mokurokush5 no kisoteki kenkyii g ~~~ (Basic studies on the biography of Shiotoku Taishi, the Kokon mokurokush6), T~ky6, Morie Shoten, 193,9?pp. and 22 plates. Contains thorough textual studies on the Kokon mokurokush6 and research on its author, Kenshin. 322. Takakusu Junjir5 it 3adMciuiSis6~ Sh6toku. Taishi sanky6giso ~ A, (Sh6toku Taishi's commentaries on the Three Sutras), Ky6to, Kanao Bun'end6, 1943, 522pp. The basic text of Sh6toku Taishi' s commentaries to the Vimalakirti siitra, the Saddliarma punoJarika siitra and the Sri-mdla siitra. 323. Hanayama Shinsh5 {1 1 Shdtoku Taishi gyosei Hokke giso * ~~ <~k ~j (Sh~toku Taishil s commentary to the Saddharma puindarfka siitra), T~ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1931-33, 2v. A good edition and translation of this important commentary. 324. Hanayama Shinsh6 ~~- Sh6manky5 giso no j6gii 6sen ni kansuru kenki (Studies on Sh~toku Taishi' s commentary on the Sri-m~ala siltra), T~ky5, Iwanami Shoten, 1944, 485pp. A textual study of the existing versions of the commentary, a study of its transmission and an internal analysis. 325. Anesaki Masaharu — ~~-~-t Sh~toku Taishi no taishi ris6 d (Sh~toku Taishil s theory of the Great Man), Ky6to, Heirakuji Shoten, 1944; ed, 2, 1947, 20+484pp. Sh~toku Taishl's, view of human greatness as seen in his three commentaries to Buddhist sutras. 326. Hanayama Shinsh6 /'C J-I N1~ 'Tu~, Kemp6 jiishichij6 no seishin ~{4 (The spirit of the Constitution in 17 articles), T6ky5, K6toku Shoin, 1943, 280pp. A good commentary on Sh6toku Taishi' s so-called Constitution. 327. Aida Hanji ' V~$ Sh6toku Taishi kemp6 to h6d telsetsu no kenkyi! -~~- - (Studies in Sh6toku Taishi' s Constitution and the H66 teisetsu), T6ky6, Sankib6, 1930. Detailed commentaries on these two works.

Page  31 BUDDHISM 31 328. Sh6toku Taishi Hosankai #tA-;: (Society in Praise of Sh6toku Taishi), ed., Sh6toku Taishi to Nihon bunka ~t~3 ti E (Shotoku Taishi and Japanese culture), Ky6to, Heirakuji Shoten, 1951, 3+2+188+108+2pp. Sakamoto Taro, Ono Seiichiro, Ienaga Sabur6, Kaneko Daiei and Hori Ichir5 have contributed studies on every conceivable aspect of the influence of Sh6toku Taishi on Japanese culture. A bibliography of works on the prince collected by Wakabayashi Takamitsu is appended. 329. Nanto Bukky6 Kenkyfikai ~7~~ ~~ (The Nara Society for Studies in Buddhism), Ch6gen Sh6nin no kenkyu J-t-/,S)it(Studies on Chogen Sh5nin), Nara, Nanto Bukky5 Kenkyukai, 1955, 2v. Essays by 15 scholars including Shibata Minoru on the life and times of Shunj6ob Ch6gen (1121-1206), a monk of the T6daiji in Nara. 330. T6daiji ~ 4-~ (T6daiji temple), K6kei Sh6nin nempu juei $ lt _ (A chronological biography of K6kei), Nara, Todaiji, 1954, 344pp. The life of a reformer of the Todaiji sect who died in 1704. b. Tendai There are a number of excellent works on Tendai doctrine (335, 336, 340), but other historical works are singularly lacking. The sect's founder, Dengy6 Daishi (Saicho), is well studied, as is the forerunner of the J6do sect, Eshin S6zu (Genshin) and his important Oj6 y6shu. 331. Shibuya Ryotai -7i z s, ed., Showa genson Tendai shoseki sogo mokuroku ^*g/f 8t (A complete catalogue of books of the Tendai sect existing in the Sh6wa era), Tokyo, Meibunsha, 1940-43, 2v. There is an index of writers, temples, and titles; reign titles are given in accordance with traditional Japanese chronology. '332. Shibuya Jigai -> --, Nihon-Tendaishu nempy6o V ~&. K (Chronological chart of the Japanese Tendai sect), Kyoto, Shibuya Jigain-ke, 1937, 472pp. An enlargement of the entries on Tendai found in Mochizuki's Bukky6 dainempy6 (entry 233). A useful work. 333. Hazama Jik6o. ~t, Tendaishui seiten ~ 1.-J- (The scriptures of the Tendai sect), Tokyo, Meiji Shoin, 1927, 4+4+775+24+4pp. A convenient collection of the basic texts relating to the doctrine of the Tendai school in Japan. 334. Tendai Shfiten Kank6kai; j,- - '*1 l ^- (Society for the Publication of Tendai Texts), ed., Tendaishi zensho k YI& (A complete collection of Tendai writings), Tokyo, Daiz5 Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1935-37, 25v. The basic texts of the Tendai sect, their most venerable commentaries, the biographies of the various Tendai masters, etc. 335. Fukuda Gyoei A ~U, Tendaigaku gairon ^ t~ ~ (Introduction to the study of Tendai), T6kyo, Sanseid6, 1954, 770pp. The most authoritative general work on the doctrines and practices of the Tendai sect both in China and in Japan. 336. Shimaji Dait6o J{~., Tendai ky6gakushi I 1t4{ (History of the doctrines of the Tendai sect), T6kyo, Meiji Shoin, 1929, 520pp. The development of Tendai doctrine from Nagarjuna in India, through China and Japan. One of this author's greatest achievements. 337. Sasaki Kentoku Ak4- J /, Tendai ky6gaku gaisetsu {Stg^l (Introduction to Tendai doctrine), T6kyo, Yamazaki Hobund6, 1937, 220pp. A good general introduction using modern methods of scholarly analysis. `338. Uesugi Bunshiu Y — -I~, Nihon Tendaishi '; - (The history of the Tendai school in Japan), Nagoya, Hajinkaku Shob6, ed. 2,1936, 748pp.+ supp. v., 278pp. The most authoritative history of the Tendai sect, traced from its origins in China throughout its history in Japan. 339. Shimizutani Ky6jun -f{(^ "'[, Tendai no mikkyo k ci), (The esoteric doctrines of Tendai), Toky6, Sankib6, 1929, 252pp. A good study of the transmission of esoteric doctrines from India and China to the Tendai sect in Japan. 340. Ishizu Teruji, Tendai Jiss6ron no kenkyu z at ' T (Studies in the Tendai Theory of Reality), Toky6, Kobund6, 1946, 350pp. A philosophical study of Tendai ontology, based on Chinese sources, by a professor of T6hoku University.

Page  32 32 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 341. Sasaki Kentoku 4Y it-, Tendai Engiron tenkaishi t %,, t^S (History of the development of the Tendai Theory of Causation), Kyoto, Nagata Bunsh6od, 1953, 162pp. A historical study of the evolution of the doctrine of the Tendai sect in China and Japan, with special emphasis on the Theory of Causation (Engiron). 342. Hazama Jik6o t 4-A, Tendaishii dokuhon shushihen.~ i —.. —(A reader of the Tendai sect — section on the history of the sect), T6ky6, Tendai Shfumuch6 Ky6gakubu, 1939, 455pp. An easy to understand introduction to the history of the sect written for students and novitiates. 343. Tendaishii Eizan Gakuin {, ~IK~ F (The Mount Hiei School of the Tendai Sect), ed., Dengyo Daishi zenshiu /l1 g j/Ji4 (The complete works of Dengy6 Daishi), Ky6to, Hieizan Tosho Kank6kai, 1926-27, 5v. The most complete collection of the works of Dengy5 Daishi. 344. Shioiri Ry6chu iz.dtkJ, Dengyo Daishi ~ _~, Toky6, Dengy6 Daishi Hosankai, 1937, 548pp. The thought and the evolution of the beliefs of Dengyo Daishi, the social environment, and particularly his relations with the Heian court and his loyalties to his temple and faith and to the preservation of his nation are treated in this study. 345. Hori Ichir6 $ -, Dengyo Daishi t LtI [in Nihon bungakusha hyoden zensho e 2- ^ i (Critical biographies o Japanese literary figures)], Tokyo, Seigodo, 1943, 269pp. A short biography with a discussion of the contemporary background; Dengyo Daishi's thought and character treated with perhaps too little regard to his religion. 346. Hieizan Senshuin )t!d! {{|It (The Mount Hiei Exclusive Studies School), ed., Bukky6 seiten Eshin S6zu zenshu f *tjtt-lc't. (Buddhist scriptures —the complete works of Eshin S6zu), Kyoto, Hieizan Tosho Kank6kai, 1926-27, 5Vo The complete works of the author of the Oj6 y6shii, Eshin S6zu or Genshin, who lived from 942 to 1017. 347. Hanayama Shinsh6, aLt, {7, ed., Oj6 y6shu it ~J, T6ky6, Koyama Shoten, 1937, 670pp. A collation of the most important existing texts with a Japanese translation of the original. 348. Sasaki Kentoku Al-_ —, Oj6 yoshii gairon ' ~ $ _ (An introduction to the Ojo yoshu), Ky6to, Yamazaki Hobunkan, 1936, 8+6+202pp. One of the many modern commentaries on this important text. 349. Kakucho S6zu zenshiu A, i _% it (The complete works of Kakuch6 S6zu), Ky6to, Enryakuji Jimusho, 1933-, 5v. The complete works of a monk of Hieizan who lived from 962 to 1037. c. Shingon As in the case of the Tendai sect, most of the works on Shingon are concerned with doctrine (the best are entries 355 and 357). The only other aspect that is well covered is the life and influence of the founder of the sect, Kob6 Daishi (Kukai), who is one of the most striking figures in Japanese cultural history. 350. Moriyama Seishin %<l I-, Shingonshu nempyo- i|I. y (Chronological chart of the Shingon sect), Tokyo, Hozanha ShCumusho, 1931, 758+62pp. A very comprehensive list of the important events in Shingon history from the birth of K6ob Daishi (774) to 1931. There is an excellent index. 351. Mikkyo daijiten t4CO^ (A dictionary of esoteric Buddhism), Tokyo, Mikkyo Jiten Hensankai, 1931-33, 3v. All aspects of esoteric Buddhism (doctrine, ceremonies, iconography, biographies of famous monks, etc.) are covered. Cf. Hall, 324. 352. Tomita Gakujun tt.t, Himitsu jirin {[,4-~Z (Dictionary of esoteric Buddhism), Toky6, Kaji Sekai Shisha, 1911, 1134pp. An earlier dictionary mainly devoted to Shingon, but with a section on Tendai esoteric Buddhism. Cf. Hall, 322. 353. Shingonshi Zensho Kank6kai At..t ~ ' T 4 (Society for the Publication of the Complete Writings of the Shingon Sect), ed., Shingonshi zensho j -' ~,t (The complete works of the Shingon sect), Wakayama, Shingonshi Zensho Kank6kai, 1933-39, 42 plus 2v. A collection of the most important works dealing with Shingon, beginning with the Vairocana sutra (Dainichikyo); it is well edited.

Page  33 BUDDHISM 33 354. Mizuhara Gyjei ~ K6yasan kenzon z5ky6 mokuroku ~ If-IJA, (Catalogue of the Buddhist classics stored at K~yasan), T6ky6, Morie Shoten, 1931, 800+47pp. A well-made catalogue of this extremely rich Shingon library; contains important manuscripts mainly concerning esoteric Buddhism, but also concerning other branches of the doctrine. 355. Takagami Kakush6 t" ~ Mikky5 gairon, (An introduction to esoteric Buddhism), T~ky6, K6shisha, 1930, 346pp.; rev. an enl. ed., Tfky6, Daiichi Shob6, 1937, 3l4pp. One of the many general studies of the Shingon sect. 356. Toganoo Sh6un JA Nihon mikky6 gakud~shi V ~'~A (A philosophical history of Japanese esoterism), K6yasan, K~yasan Daigaku Shuppambu, 1942, '432pp. Esoteric Buddhism in Japan from its origins to the post-Meiji period, with a certain emphasis on doctrinal history. 357. Kanayama Bokush6 /~ l J-V, Shingon mikky6 no ky6gaku Ap ia Y, 14r (The doctrine of Shingon esoteric Buddhism), Wakayama, K6yasan Daigaku Shuppambu, 1944, 796pp. An exposition of Shingon doctrine by the chief abbot of the sect and the head of K6yasan University. 358. Kanayama Bokush6 ~-i~ and Yanagida Kenjiir5 *4V t, Nihon Shingon no tetsugaku ~ Wt (The philosophy of Japanese Shingon), T6ky6, K~bund6, 1943, 36lpp. The chief abbot of the sect and a student of Western philosophy in an analysis of the philosophy of Shingon. 359. Sof i Sen' y6kaii8- -t)4, ed., K6b6 Daishi zenshii 1-'4410t/t*4 (The complete works of K6b6 Daishi), T~ky63, Yoshikawa K.6bunkan, 1910, 16v.; ed., 2, Ky6to, Rokudai Shimp6sha, 1923, 6v. The best edition of the complete works of the founder of the Shingon sect. 360. Sakaki Rydzabur6 1 ~,K6b5 Daishi to sono j idai ~4A A' (K~b5 Daishi and his times), Osaka, S6gensha, 1947, l69pp.I Lectures given at T6ji in Ky6to on K6b6 Daishi and the contemporary background in India and China. The book is divided into two parts: Vaj rabodhi and Mihrzida. 36 1. Kanayama Bokush6 ' ji'b, K65b6 Daishi no shink6kan t _ 07i ~A (A view of K6b6 Daishil s faith), Wakayama, K6yasan Daigaku Shuppambu, 1944, 29'7pp. t A trustworthy selection of essays by the chief abbot of the Shingon sect. 362. Asahi Shimbunsha N 94-t (* 1:- (Asahi Newspaper Company), ed., Ko-b6 Daishi to bunka 0t -A 4 2 (Ko-b6 Daishi and culture), T6ky6, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1934, l56pp. Essays on the importance of Ko-b6 Daishi in the history of Japanese culture by various authors. 363. Morita Ryiisen j&, KMb Daishi-kan t- )tft (A view of K6b6 Daishi), T6ky6, Nish6d6, 1929, 2+146+38pp. Another essay based on the faith of K~b6 Daishi. 364. Buzan Zensho Kank6kai It- /~ 1- TI A41 (Society for the Publication of the Complete Buzan Texts), ed., Buzan zensho _dA4f (The complete works of Buzan), Tfky6, Buzan Zensho Kank~kai, 1937-39, 21v. The most important works dealing with the Shingi Shingon or Buzan school of Shingon which was founded by K6ky6 Daishi. 365. Tomita Gakujun ~, P ltiL K6gy6 Daishi zenshii ~ /~L#~ A4 (The complete works of K6gy6 Daishi), Tfky6, Ses6ken, 1935, 2v. The complete works of the founder of the Shingi Shingon sect. 366. Hase H6shii., ed., Jiun Sonja zenshfii (The complete works of Jiun Sonja), Hasedera, 1922-1926, 18v. The complete works of one of the most important figures in the Shingi Shingon sect. 367. Onki H6sankai )~I~,Jiun Sonja zenshtl hoi fi 01, J 1 (A supplement to the complete works of Jiun Sonja), Osaka, K6kiji, 1955, 250pp. 368. Takai Kankai ct W4 -# Mikky6 jis6 taikei (A compendiun on esoteric Buddhism), Ky~to, Chishakuin, 1953, 1l22pp. The religious cult and practices of the Shingi school of Shingon. A good description. 369. Mizuhara Gy6ei -f, K~yaban no kenyi If -I-p ~ (Studies in the K6ya books), T6ky6, Morie Shoten, 1932, '748+40pp. Useful for the study of the printing of sutras in Japan.

Page  34 34 34 ~~A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS d. JUdo The J~d6 or Pure Land sect of Buddhism is better studied than the foregoing sects, perhaps because it is a much more active sect today than the older ones. Its history is well investigated, particularly in the works of Mochizuki Shink6, in Japan as well as in China. 370. JMdoshii Shfiten Kankdkai -~2T 5~~~1~ (Society for the Publication of the Texts of the Jado Sect), ed., J~doshii zensho (The complete works of the J~do sect), T~ky6, J6do, Shtlten Kank6kai, ed. 2, 1929 -31, 21v. All the important Chinese and Japanese sources of the J~do sect, both sutras and commentaries, are included in this collection. 371. Shiisho Hozonkai ~Z ~,Zoku-J,5doshii zensho ~ #~~ (Supplement to the complete works of the J6do sect), T6ky6, Shilsho Hozonkai Jimusho, ed. 2, 1940-42, 20v. Subordinate commentaries by Chinese and Japanese J6do priests not found in the preceding; the so-called masso. 372. J6do Shiiten Kank6kai 1- -* —: 1Th(Society for the Publication of JMdo Texts), J~doshii ky~gaku taikei 4~ u~~(Compendium of the doctrine of the J6do sect), T6ky6, JMdo Shilten Kank6kai, 1930-34, 16v. The scriptures upon which J~do doctrine is based, with commentaries. 373. JMdoshii Seizanha Shdmuin /" 't *J- T#. '_ 1~t (Administrative Office of the Seizan School of the Jado Sect), ed., Seizan zensho, ri~ LIAi (The complete works of Seizan), Ky~to, Bun'eid5, 1933, liv. A compilation of all works concerning the Seizan school of J6do. 374. Etani Ryiikai 41* t j, ed., J6doshfi jiten ~i~ (A dictionary of the JMdo sect), T6ky6, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1943, 840pp. Names of persons that appear in the J6do works as well as terms and facts are explained in this, the best dictionary devloted entirely to the Jbdo sect. 375. Fujimoto Ry6tai Al, J6doshui dainempyo -ET, tj4. (Chronological charts of the J5do sect), T~ky5, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1941-44, 91'7+49pp. The main historical events of the sect from the birth of H6nen (1133) to 1940. 376. Mochizuki Shinky6 + J~doky6 no kigen oyobi hattatsu ~~ o m ~4 (h rgn n development of the J6do, sect), T6ky6, Ky6ritsusha, 1930, 898pp. Discussions of the early Indian scriptures of the Pure Land sect, their Chinese translations, the Buddhology, the Original Vow (hongan), the Pure Land paradises, and the devotional nembutsu aspects of the Pure Land sects by a specialist. 377. Mochizuki Shinky6) J ~.-, JdokyC6 nokeki ~& i,;U (Studies in the J6do sect), T6ky6, Kanao Bun' end6., ed. 2, 1930, 3+14+6+l0l5pp. A collection of essays on all aspects of the Pure Land sect, from its origins in India to Japan, by one of the foremost authorities in the field. 378. Saitb Yuishin, J6do ky6shi i-+-7Wk (History of J6do teachings), T6ky6, Heigo Shuppansha, 1927, 5+1l2+627lpp. A doctrinal history, from India to Japan up to the present. JOdo Shin is also included. 379. Etani Ryiikai 134' A, Gaisetsu Jo-doshiishi &~ T,- 5J'L (Introduction to the history of the J6do, sect), Ky6to, Bukky6 Semmon Gakk6 Shuppambu, 1936, 3+1~6+308+12pp. Together with the same author's J~doshiishi (A history of the J6do sect), Ky6to, Heirakuji Shoten, 1948, this book forms a good, simply written doctrinal and institutional history of the sect. 380a. Itd YdOk f~ fz + J6doshiishi no kenkyti 4~'t I- T~Studies in the history of the J6do, sect), Ky6to, 1t6 Yiik6-shi IkM Kank~kai, 1937, 457Tpp. Various problems are treated; of only secondary importance. 380b. Inoue Mitsusada, 4~- '- Z,,,Nihon J6doky6 seiritsushi no kenkyd c?, 4 (Studies in the history of the formation of the Japanese J~do sect), T6ky6, Yamakawa Shoten, 1956, 4F48+18pp. Studies in Amidist doctrine as it developed in Japan from the Asuka to the Kamakura periods, with special attention to the social forces, aristocratic and then popular, that helped to mould and change it. 381. Iwaaki K~ge J, 1oh1 hy _0 ~ '~ (The gist of the history of the J6do sect), Ky6to, Daigoky6 K6yiiki Bunshobu, 1910, 2+9+4+5+350pp. Written as a textbook for J6do students, this is not too scholarly.

Page  35 BUDDHISM 35 382. Tamura Ench6 fY 9 5P1 I, J6do shis6 no tenkai L b c (The development of J6do thought), Ky6to, Nagata Bunsh6d6, 1948, 190pp. Four good essays on the development of J6do thought, H~nen' s thought and life, H~nen, Rydikan and Shinran, and on the history of Japanese thought. 383. Sugi Shir6 +J% -, Seichin kyo~gi gairon r (Introduction to Seichin doctrine), Ky~to, Ryiidai Shuppambu, 1924, 2+6+294pp. A good comparison of the Seichin and Seisan schools of the J6do sect by an excellent Shin scholar. 384. Ishii Ky6d,5 1i -f, J~do no ky~gi to sono ky~dan o~ A~~ -YK- A IF JWdo doctrine and church), T6ky6, H6bunkan, 1931, 49lp'p. The most authoritative introduction to the subject. 385. Sumita Chiken 41: TU7'L, J6do genrush6 kaisetsu L -i/,A '~~.(Explanation of the J6do genrush6), Ky~to, H6z~kan, 1925, 8+406pp. A commentary on the important early history of the J6do sect written in the 14th century by the monk Gyonen. 386. Ishii Ky6d6 T, #7'4L", Sh6wa shinshii H6nen Sh6nin zenshd *4P 92J-&i- (The complete works of H~nen Sh6nin: new revision of the Sh6wa era), T6ky6, Ris6sha, 1955, l216pp. The most authoritative compilation, with collation of variant editions. 387. Kuroda Shint6 ~ 10-i, and Mochizuki Shinky6 q- R ft ~., H1~nen Shanin zenshii A - (The complete works of H~nen Sh6nin), Ky6to, Shilsuisha, 1906, 4+2+640+5O4+34pp. Less definitive than the above, nevertheless all of H6nen' s works are reproduced, with a biography of the saint. 388. Ikawa J?5kei 41,HnnhnndeznsiiIf2~/K4$/E "-~- (The complete collection of the biographies of H~nen Sh~nin), Osaka, H6nen Sh6nin-den Zenshii Kank6kai, 1952, lOO0pp. Everything on the numerous biographies of H~nen. 389. Takachiho Tetsuj6 5~~ L~ H6nen ky6gaku no tokushitsu to ddk,6 -A; $tt -L'~ ~( (The special character and tendencies of H6nen' s doctrine), Ky6to, Nagata Bunsh6d6, 1954, l80pp. A group of essays on this subject. 390. Maeda Ch6zui Wi M 4 'H~nen Sh~nin, Tokyo, KobundOi, 1941, 183pp. A good, clearly written introduction to both H6nen' s life and thought. 39 1. Ishii Ky~d6 4, # 4, Senchakushff no kenkyl:_ s6ronhen IS (A study in Senchakushrl: general survey), Ky6to, Heirakuji Shoten, 1951, 3+8+364+'4pp. An excellent discussion of Hdnen' s central work., trying to place it in its doctrinal tradition by comparing it with other texts. The author belongs to the J6do sect, but is objective. 392. Ishii Ky6d6 A~~&,Senchakushil no kenkyii: chilsohen \,, _4 (Studies in the Senchakushil: section of commentaries), Tdky6, Seibund6 Shink6sha, 1946, 974pp. A companion volume to Entry 391, this contains explanatory notes to the Senchakushdi. 393. Ishii Ky~d6 kz -~4't, H~nen Sh~nin no Nippon-teki shiikyo 3t, o-y c /~,6 ' -3 (The Japanese religion of H6nen Sh6nin), Tdky5, Sh6rin Shiigaku Kenkyfikai, 1940, 5+6+401pp. An attempt to present H~nen' s religion as a kind of national religion; written to further nationalistic propaganda during the war years. 394. Hirai Sh6kai -a 4-t A, Ryflkan Risshi no J6doky6 (fu ibunshii) 11t4~ ~ ~ - YtiA (The J6do sect of Ryiikan Risshi and his posthumous works), Tfky6, Kanazawa Bunko J~do Shilten Kenkyiikai, 1941, 8+6+270+l69+34pp. The life and religious philosophy of one of H6nen' s disciples. His works are conveniently appended. 395. Asayama Ensh6 A-'] ~J-~FJ~ppen sh~e rokuj6 engi 4?4 I&~ T6kyo-, SankibB Shorin, ed. 2, 1952, 18+300+34pp. A study of the illustrated biography of Ippen, by the recognized authority. The text is appended. 396. Yoshikawa Sei + "1 I Jishii Amida kydnno kenkyii,%~(tde i h isc Amidist order), Tfky6, Ikeda Shoten, 1956, 388pp. The origins and history of the Ji sect (founded by Ippen) against the background of Japanese social, cultural, and religious history.

Page  36 36 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 397. Suzuki Daisetsu IJ 4lh, Zen to nembutsu no shinrigakuteki kiso *? A/ti ' Air' 4 f - (The psychological bases of Zen and nembutsu), T6ky6, Daito Shuppansha, ed. 2, 1941, 250pp. A partial translation of the author's Essays in Zen Buddhism, which contains a discussion of the psychology of the Zen experience compared with that of the nembutsu meditations of the Jodo sects. 398. Suzuki Daisetsu ';i, Jodo-kei shisoron 43-L^ K- (Essay on thought in the Jodo tradition), Kyoto, Hozokan, 1942, 470pp. A famous book by a member of the Jodo Shin sect known for his popular books on Zen; it contains very personal essays on various aspects of Jodo and Jodo Shin doctrine. 399. Nonomura Naotar6o /2 At, A_ s, J6doky5 hihan ~Jy~f4 (Critique on the J6do school), Ky6to, Chugai Kabushiki Kaisha, 1923, 200pp. Famous in its time, this attack by a teacher in a high school raised a great deal of discussion; there is a second series, attacking attackers. e. J6do Shin The Shin or J6do Shin sect is the largest Buddhist sect in Japan and, as might be expected, has had the greatest number of works devoted to its study. The following is an extremely selective list, containing, however, both devotional and historical works as well as reference materials. The devotional works are extraordinarily copious; we have emphasized those of the most famous authors, particularly Kaneko Daiei and Soga Ry6jin, whose works are not devoid, either, of real scientific value. The study of the Shin sect is particularly interesting since it is one of the rare sects to have an almost purely Japanese origin, and is obviously, in view of the large number of its adherents, uniquely appropriate as an example of inherently Japanese religious sentiment (cf. entry 46). 400. Tsumaki Naoyoshi ~t;i$, ed., Shinshu zensho., 4 (Complete works of the Shin sect), Tokyo, Z6ky6 Shoin, 1913-6, 74v. The most important of the Shin scriptures and commentaries with biographies of famous members of the sect and other matters pertinent to sect ritual and doctrine. 401. Maeda Koreyama Ry6waj6 Koki Kinenkai -~& jW ti) -L; - / (Society for the Memorializing of the Seventieth Birthdays of the Two Masters, Maeda and Koreyama), ed., Shinshu s6sho $,. (Collected works of the Shin sect), Ky6to, Shinshii S5sho Henshujo, 1927-31, 13v. A supplement to the preceding, this work also contains, in an appendix, the works of Maeda Keikaku and Koreyama Keiun. 402. Shinshui Seikyo Zensho Hensansho /jI, Z^ - (Shimizu Keiichiro -4*+4-, ed.), Shinshuii seikyo zensho j 4 $ | (Complete works of the holy doctrines of the Shin sect), Kyoto, Kokyo Shoin, 1940-44, 5v. The most authoritative texts of the central scriptures of the Shin sect. 403. Fujinaga Seitetsu M 14-, Kosha sekiban Shinshi seikyo genson mokuroku ttbtk^ A (Catalogue of remaining ancient manuscript and lithographed holy doctrines of the sect), Ky6to, Shugakuin, 1937, 306pp. A catalogue of all existing Shin manuscripts. 404. Seiten Kankokai, '1 -I/TIA (Society for the Publication of the Sacred Books), ed., Shinshi seiten 2;> t, (The sacred books of the Shin sect), T6ky6, T6h6 Shoin, 1930, 593pp. Translation into modern Japanese of the works basic to the understanding of the doctrines of the Shin sect. 405. Kazai Daishu -Ift-i and Uesugi Egaku -L 4 -, Sh6wa kotei Shinshui shichiso sh5ky5o,f-k j - V, (The holy doctrine of seven patriarchs of the Shin sect, Sh6wa revision), Nagoya, Hajinkaku, 1934, 808pp. Portions of the most important doctrinal works of the seven men thought by the Shin sect to be their spiritual ancestors, from Nagarjuna to H6nen, in a recent edition. 406. Kashiwahara Yugi A0 fg A-, Shinshu tsikai zensho I t, /. ' L (The complete works of the Shin sect, with commentary, 1), Ky6to, Heirakuji Shoten, 1954, 534pp. Commentaries on the basic Shin sect scriptures. 407. Hozokan Henshiibu 34/ Go-dp (Hozokan Editorial Office), ed., Shinshiu jiten j -^ (Dictionary of the Shin sect), Kyoto, Hozokan, 1952, 840pp. A good dictionary devoted wholly to names of books and personages and technical terms of the Shin sect. 408. Murakami Senj6 *t J;!, Shinshu zenshi,. _ (Complete history of the Shin sect), T6ky6, Heigo Shuppansha, 1916, 845pp. A useful general history, from the beginnings of the sect to the time of writing. Cf. Hall, 1370.

Page  37 BUDDHISM 37 409. Nakazawa Kemmy6o ~ ~ i, Shinshu genryu shiron,,/, ~ (Essays on the history of the origin of the Shin sect), Ky6to, H6z6kan, 1951, 360pp. Mainly treated in this work are the early Shin sect founders among Honen's disciples, but other aspects of the primitive J6do church are touched as well. 410. Fujiwara Yusetsu A ] ',, Nihon Bukkyoshi kenkyu (ni) Shinshishi kenkyu s X ti t ',$ )- 't (Studies in the history of Japanese Buddhism, 2: Studies in the history of the Shin sect), T6ky6, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1939, 550pp. Articles by a professor at T6y6 University. 411. Kusaka Murin 0 T-~t, Shinshishi no kenkyu J. /5_~ (Studies in the history of the Shin sect), Ky6to, Heirakuji Shoten, 1931, 2+27+838pp. 412. Yamada Bunsho JA 0E q, Shinshuishi no kenkyu t$ ) t (Studies in the history of the Shin sect), Nagoya, Hajinkaku, 1934, 412pp. A good collection of essays on various aspects of Shin history. 413. Yamada Bunsh6o ~ L, Shinshushi-k6 j,. tA (A draft of the history of the Shin sect), Nagoya, Hajinkaku, 1934, 20+414pp. Articles on various aspects of Shin history. 414. Taya Yoritoshi 1/44.l_, Wasanshi gaisetsu f J. t (Outline of the history of Japanese Buddhist psalms), Ky6to, H6z6kan, 1933, 5+10+338pp. 415. Mizutani Hisashi vrci, 4, Ianjinshi no kenkyiu kJ k_% '9 r i (Studies in the history of heterodox doctrines), T6ky6, Daiyukaku, 1934, 273pp. 416. Fugen Daien -e, Shinshu gairon, ~ | (Outline of the Shin sect), Ky6to, Hyakkaen, ed. 4, 333pp. Perhaps the best general introduction to the doctrines of the Shin sect. 417. Ohara Sh6jitsu i ( \, Shinshi ky6gakushi kenkyu f, ~, At;I I (Studies in the history of the doctrine of the Shin sect), Ky6to, Nagata Bunshod6, 1953, 284pp. Various studies of Shin doctrine with special emphasis on the theories concerning the desire to be reborn in the Pure Land, gansh6. 418. Inaba Enjo 44- 91 W and Yasui KOtaku -$- b J, Otani Daigaku zohan: shimpen Shinshat taikei Ji J i^ ^ -+*. A,(A compendium of the Shin sect: new edition of the text preserved at Otani University), Tokyo, Shinshui Tenseki Kankokai, 1949, 25v., 0lv. Extremely voluminous collection of lectures on all aspects of Shin sect doctrine. The first editions of these lectures (from 1916 to 1937) went to 61 volumes. 419. Sumida Chiken 4- i, Sumida sensei ik6shii: Shinshd kyogaku no kenkyu 4~ I $.4i c -Si t (,; (A collection of the posthumous manuscripts of Dr. Sumida: studies in the doctrine of the Shin sect), T6kyo, Sumida Sensei Ik6 Kank6kai, 1941, 641pp. 420. Sait6 Yuishin \ ~,, Shinshi no shink6 to sono ky6gi JL. At lt t ~ 0 Ag (The beliefs and doctrines of the Shin sect), T6ky6, Takashima Beiho, 1921, 324pp. 421. Shimaji Dait5o t 4k, Shinshfi taiko $..4. (The general principles of the Shin sect), T6ky6, Meiji Shoin, 1930, 730pp. Divided into four sections: Introduction to the Shin sect, and commentaries on the Tan'isho, Sh6shinge, and Sukhavatf vyiha (Amida-kyo). 422. Fujinaga Seitetsu ~ i ~, Shinshu anjinrondai tsukai / -, A ) ~ ~-_ (An explanation of the discussions of orthodoxy in the Shin sect), Ky6to, Nagata Bunshodo, 1953, 167pp. 423. Kaneko Daiei t }-; l, Shinshi no ky6gi to sono rekishi t, / ~._ r ~t (The doctrine and history of the Shin sect), Kyoto, Chojiya Shoten, 1947, 2v. 424. Yasui K6taku -t- #.I, H6nen Sh6nin monka no ky6gaku 7. -t: J- / ^ 1- Am (The doctrine of the disciples of H6nen), Ky6to, Hozokan, 1938, 548pp.

Page  38 38 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 425. Toku Taijfi 0 k-, Gy6shin no taikeiteki kenkyil jT 4 1 Sseai tde n"cin n "Faith" ), Ky6to, H&6zkan, 195 36p Studies on the basic dogma of the Shin sect: "'Action" is pronouncing the name of Amida; "Faith"' is the belief in the possibility of going to his paradise. 426. Kaneko Daiei 1, } #, Tan'ishd (Selections sorrowing over some differences in opinion), T~ky5, Iwanami Shoten, 1931, 88pp. The Tan'ish6 was a tract, written perhaps by Yuien, stating some differences with the doctrines propagated by Shinran. 427. Soga Ry~jin ''- Tan'ish6 ch~ki 4 (Notes on the Tan' ish6), Ky6to, Otani Shuppankai, 1947, 2+lO+422pp. A good commentary on this important Shin sect book. 428. Umehara Shinryil A_ t J~do Shinshif- T (The J6do Shin sect), Ky6to, Naigai Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, ed. 7, 1921, 255pp. This best seller by a traditional Shin sect believer, founder of the Kenshin Gakuen, is an "Introduction to the Shin sect." 429. Ohara Sh6jitsu k/, hp~ A~-tf, Shinshil ky6gaku no shomondai j-. '~A47't a) WT 4 kL (Some problems of Shin sect doctrine), Ky6to, K6ky5 Shoin, 1942, 346pp. Problems conf ronting the doctrine of the Shin sect in the modern world. 430. Kashiwabara Yiigi j Shioshinge k~wa Liig. (Lectures on the Sh6shinge), Ky6to, H6z6kan, 1933, 262pp. The essence of the Shin sect in a commentary on the Sh6shinge. The doctrine of the Seven Patriarchs (from N~garjuna to HZ~nen) are discussed from the Shin point of view. 431. T6yama Taikan ~&U 4I and others, AShinran Shd-r','n zenshfi A ~~ K ~ f (The complete works of Shinran Sh~nin), T6ky6, Shinch6sha, 1933, 2v. The most complete edition, containing also a biography of Shinran. 432. Umehara Shinryi! Yuishinsh6 mon'i k6gi - 4~ x (Lectures on the Yuishinsho mon'i), Ky6to, Shinran Shdnin Kenkyil Hakk6sho, 1937, 2v. Good explanatory lectures on Shinran' s Yuishinsh6 mon' i, "Commentary on the Faith only (by Shbkaku)." 433. Kaneko Daiei k-3-$z, Shinran-kyd no kenyi. (Studies in Shinran' s doctrine), T~ky6, Daiichi Shob6, 1943, 300pp. Very clear and broad philosophical and religious discussions of the doctrine of the founder of the Shin sect. 434. Nakazawa Kemmy6, Shij6 no Shinran 01 ) (Shinran in history), T6ky6, Bunken Shoin, 1922, '1+246pp. Historical essays on Shinran' s, biography. 4 35. Soga Ry6j in ' A~ -~ 51r, Gy6shin no michi ' ~a)j~ (The way to Action and Faith), Ky6to, Ch6jiya Shoten, 1940, 284pp. A personal, religious explanation of Shinran' s Ky6gy6 shinsh6. 436. Kaneko Daiei 'i4 ~ Ky6gy5 shinsh5 k~doku 2f,,0 (Readings and lectures in the Ky6gy6 shinsh6), Yokohama, Kaneko Daiei-shi Chosaku Kank~kai, 1938-41, 3v. A very broad commentary on this important work. 437. Akamatsu Chizen & 4Z and Yamabe Shiigaku J-~~~,Ky~gy,5 shinsh6 k6gi Y'4 4 I.-' (Lectures on the Ky6gy6 shinsh6), T6ky6, Daiichi Shob6, enl. and rev. ed., 1938, 1661lpp. A detailed, word by word commentary on the Ky6gy6 shinsh6. Classical allusions, old commentaries, and difficult terms are all elucidated in this exhaustive study. 438. Takeuchi Yoshinori Ax N- A 'V-, Ky6gy6 shinsh6 no tetsugaku. Jt Atat- kj~ (The philosophy of the Ky6gyo shinsh6), T6ky6, Ko-bundW, 1941, l84pp. An explanation of Shinran' s famous book of doctrine by means of the Hegelian dialectic; the emphasis is on the 6th chapter, and particularly on the doctrine of Sangan tenndi (the three stages to reaching salvation in the Pure Land). 439. Kaneko Dalei 4tZ, Shinran Sh6nin no shky (The religion of Shinran Shbrnin), T6kya, Muga Samb6, 1916, 303pp. Notable for its understanding of Shinran' s personality and work.

Page  39 BUDDHISM 39 440a. Hattori Shls6, Shinran n6to. A ~~ / - - (Notes on Shinran), T~kyd, Fukumura Shoten, 1950, 300pp. This and the following item make up a recent attempt to "get Shinran out of the temple, and out of the clutches of the Westernized Japanese philosophers," thereby getting him back among the Japanese masses. A democratizing trend in the Shin sect. 440b. Hattori Shis6 qThU~ zI_. Zoku-Shinran n6to / -4g aNF - I- (Notes on Shinran, continued), T6ky6, Fukumura Shoten, 1950, 200pp. 44 1. Tokushi Yiish6 t)(4A~ ed., K6chi5 Rennyo, Sh6nin of umi zenshii (The annotated complete works of Renny6 Sh~nin), Ky6to, Heirakuji Shoin, 1922, 2+2+230+128pp. plus 6 plates. 442. Inaba Sh6gan 4 -tit V - Rennyo, Sh6nin Goichidai monjo ~ >~ AX. t7 9 (The Goichidai monjo of Renny6 Sh6nin), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1942, 229pp. The text of the talks given by Rennyo to his disciples and laymen. 443. Inaba Sh6gan -tvfx~q), Rennyo Sh6nin ibun ~l/~ (The remaining writings of Rennyo Shonin), Kydto, H6z6kan, 1937, 952pp. This is a companion volume to the "Biographical records of Rennyo Sh6nin,"1 Rennyo Sh6nin gy~jitsu, also edited by Inaba Sh6gan. The "Remaining writings," which include commentaries on the Sh6shinge as well as other works, are followed by explanatory material by the editor. 444. K6k6d;/7 (.zj ed., Kiyozawa Manshi zenshili~ A4 /- (The complete works of Kiyozawa Manshi), Tfky6, Yiik~sha, 1934-35, 6v. The writings and sermons of the man known as the "'Shinran of Meiji" whose influence extended to all sects of Japanese Buddhism. 445. Nishimura Kengy6 kJ t 7+~ Kiyozawa Manshi sensei (Dr. Kiyozawa Manshi), Ky~to, Hfz~kan, 1951, 380pp. A highly eulogistic evocation of the life of this important Shin layman. 446. Sasaki Gessh6 Zenshil Kank6kal {Px -2 - NJ ~,# 4~_ fj (Society for the Publication of the Complete Works of Sasaki Gessh6), ed., Sasaki Gessh6 zenshii ' i 4 4 (The complete works of Sasaki Gessh6), T6ky6, Ho-bunsha, 1927-29, 6v. An important Shin sect layman, disciple of Kiyozawa Manshi. f. Zen The Zen sect has been divided into its two main branches, Rinzai and SOW., since, unlike the Western and Eastern Honganji branches of the Shin sect, there are important doctrinal differences between them. Some general works (e. g. entry 456) are included under Rinzai Zen. This sect, numerically the smaller of the two, is the more active scholastically and has a richer and more varied history, having produced such famous masters as Hakuin, Bankei, and Suzuki Sh6san. Works on the philosophy of Zen (entries 467, 472, etc.) are generally of this school. The S&tO sect is the more "Japanese" of the two, and has produced only one outstanding figure, D6gen, whose life and whose masterpiece, the 5h6b6 genz6, have been carefully studied. Two studies only (entries 509 and 510) and both of them on the master Tetsugen, have been included on the Obaku. sect, the most recently imported into Japan of the three Zen sects. 1) Rinzai Zen 447. Otani K6zui A- i~07, Otani K~zui zenshii Ak- I 3 (The complete works of Otani K~zui), T6ky6, Daij6sha, 1934-35, 13v. Principally popular lectures explaining the spirit of the Shin sect by the head of the Nishi Honganji school. 448. Soga Ry6jin 'A- yisi ojih -P- (Salvation and personal revelation), Ky6to, Ch6jiya Shoten, 19473, 450pp. Popular religious lectures based upon a profound personal religious experience. 449. Soga Ry6jin, Naikan no h6z6 09- It ) A A (An introspective view of Amida), Ky~to, Ch6jiya, 1941,9 49lpp. A subjective interpretation of the Greater Sukh-avatTi-vyiiha. 450. Soga Ry6jin 6,'4j 4, Hongan no naikan PR L- 00 (An introspective view of the Original Vow), Kyato, Ch6jiya Shoten, 1947, 3l0pp. A subjective interpretation of the Original Vow (hongan, piirva-pranidhina) as seen in the Grater Sukhdvat1T-vyflha. 4 51. Soga Ry6j in 1tjY W6_, Soga Ry6jln ronshil'd (A collection of essays by Soga Ry6jin), Ky6to, Ch6jiya Shoten, 1938, 340pp. The personal, devotional religious essays by an honorary professor at Otani University.

Page  40 40 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 452. Kaneko Daiei '/ i kt, Hongan no shuky6o; a (The religion of the Original Vow), Kyoto, Zenjinsha, 1947, 288pp. A popular book of Shin sect Buddhism. 453. Kaneko Daiei /t ~ Of, Shuky6-teki risei ~~4~+~ (Religious reason), Ky6to, Teijiya Shoten, 1940, 264pp. Shin sect tract aimed at the intellectuals. 454. Zengaku Taikei Hensankyoku,0 if 1/ (Editorial Office for the Compendium of Zen Doctrine), ed., Zengaku taikei 7;t^ (A compendium of Zen doctrine), Kyoto, Ikkatsusha, 1910-1915, 8v. A never completed collection of works on all aspects of Zen doctrine. Of the sections published (Canonical works, discipline, and records of the patriarchs), the last section which contains the goroku or sayings of the Japanese Zen masters is probably the most useful. 455. Miyauchi Sotai '~ ~ A $t- and Sato Koyo At+, 4, Kokuyaku Zengaku taisei 1 t 2t& (A compendium of Zen doctrine in Japanese translation), T-oky6, Nimatsudo, 1930-31, 25v. A Japanese translation of the goroku or sayings of the Chinese and Japanese Zen masters. 456. Kokuyaku Zenshi S6sho Kank6kai (I1' <, J 'J f (Society for the Publication of the Collected Works of the Zen Sect), ed., Kokuyaku Zenshu s6sho 1 4 i,%,~ (Collected works of the Zen sect in Japanese translation), T6ky6, Kokuyaku Zenshu S6sho Kank6kai, 1919-23, 12v.; 1925-32, 10v. Rinzai sect works by Chinese, Korean, and Japanese monks in Japanese translation. 457. Mori Daiky6 Ifk, Nihon Zenshu nempy6 0 ~, ~, (Chronological chart of the Japanese Zen sect), T6ky6, Ryuginsha, 1934, 408pp. The most useful chronology of the Zen sect. Written in Chinese, it also includes events in China and Korea from 1141 to 1933. There is an index of names and a bibliography of works used. 458. Mujaku Dochfu At ', Zenrin shoki-sen jt:t $ (A book of Zen implements), Ky6to, Baiy6 Shoin, 1909, 858pp. One of the oldest, but still the best dictionary of Zen; the emphasis is on ritual. The work was finished in 1741, after the author had worked on it for 64 years. 459. Hayashi Taiun #t 'h, Nihon Zenshushi 9 ~ ~. (History of the Japanese Zen sect), Toky6, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1938, 708pp. One of the few works dealing with the history of the Zen sect, this book only goes to the Kamakura period. 460. Murakami Senj6o * 4- I, Zenshu shik6 e.,_ (An outline of the history of the Zen sect), T6ky6, Fuzambo, 1947, 318pp. After a relatively brief introduction devoted to the sources of Zen in India and China, the author gives a useful, factual account of the evolution of Zen in Japan up to the Tokugawa period. Doctrine is not stressed. 461. Washio Junkei t (t,l"., Nihon Zenshushi no kenkyu S' $t ~ (Studies in the history of Zen in Japan), Ky6to, Kanao Bun'end6, 1947, 453+157pp. The greater part of the studies in this work are devoted to the relations between the Zen sect and the emperors, especially the Kameyama, Hanazono, and Go-Mizuzono emperors. There is also a short outline history of the Zen sect in Japan. 462. Washio Junkei ' f 'Ift:, Kamakura bushi to Zen &/., (The Kamakura warriors and Zen), T6ky6, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1942, 247pp. Historical studies of the relations between the samurai of the Kamakura period and the Zen masters, with special emphasis on H6j6 Tokiyori (1227-1263) and H6j6 Tokimune (1251-1284). 463. Zen sosho.TJ_ (Series on Zen), T6ky6, Kobund6, 1941-43, 7v. A collection on various Zen figures; includes Bodhidharma (Shibano Ky6od), Lin-chi (It6 Kokan), The ten oxherding pictures (Shibayama Zenkei), Hakuin (Fukuba Hoshd), Takuan (Matsuda H6gy6), etc. 464. Uemura Kank6 t- t 14, ed., Gosan bungaku zensha 3di sW4} (The complete works of Gosan literature), T-okyo, Teikoku Ky6ikukai Shuppansha, 1935-36, 5v. This collection is by an authority of Gosan literature, the Chinese poems and other writings of the predominately Zen monks of Ky6to of the late Yoshino and early Muromachi periods. Cf. entry 564. 465. Uemura Kank5o -tt t $, Gosan shiso-den dAt (The biographies of the Gosan poet-monks), Tokyo, Min' yusha, 1912, 450pp. Useful biographies of the Zen poet-monks of the Muromachi and Kamakura periods.

Page  41 BUDDHISM 41 466. Higusa J(3zan 0 -K ~J1 Zenshiigaku I' (The doctrine of the Zen sect), T~ky5, Naigai Shob6, 1942, 376pp. A purely doctrinal outline of Zen by a Rinzai professor. Not historical and somewhat old-fashioned. 467. Hisamatsu Shinlichi ~J, ed., Tdyo~teki mu ed., (Oriental nothingness), T6ky6, KMbund5, 1935, 300pp. A famous book that has run into numerous editions, giving a personal view of Zen philosophy; considered by some to be the best book by the best modern interpreter of Zen philosophy. 468. Hisamatsu Shinlichi X - Zettai shutaid6 (Absolute subjectivity), T~ky6, Kfbund6i, 1948, 20'7pp. A collection of philosophical essays on Zen Buddhism. Interesting from the point of view of modern Zen philosophy. 469. Suzuki Teitar6 /s3, Zen no shinzui 4 (The essence of Zen), T6ky6, Daiyiikaku, 1933, 209pp. This is the translation of the same author' s (Suzuki Daisetsu) Introductior4 to Zen Buddhism (Ky~to, 1934). 470. Suzuki Daisetsu i{, Z4, Suzuki Daisetsu senshil,4 %t~ X-.4, (The selected works of Suzuki Daisetsu), T6ky6, Shunjdlsha, 1952-53, 13v. Some important essays on Japanese intellectual life, and particularly Buddhist intellectual life, during the Kamakura period. 471. Nukaruya Kaiten_, Zengaku shis6shi -~* ~_ (A history of Zen thought), TVky5, Genk6sha, 1925, 2v. Good background material for the study of Japanese Zen, this book discusses only India and China. 472. Suzuki Daisetsu 4e, { f4~t, and others, Zen no k6za ~t o) (Essay series on Zen), T6ky6, Shun'yWd, 1952, 4v. Explanations of the k6an, Zen view of the world, etc. 473. Furuta Sh6kin t,O K6zen gokokuron - _4 (Essay on making Zen prosper and on protecting the nation), T6ky6, Meiseid6 Shote-n, 1943, 228pp. Translation into modern Japanese and annotation of this first Zen document written in Japan. The author is Eisai who composed the work after returning from Sung China "to make Zen prosper and protect the nation." 474. Makita Tairy6 %L, Sakugen nyiiminki no kenkyi! (j6) ' > - (Studies in Kakugen' s diary while in Ming China, v. 1), Ky6to, H6z6kan, 1955, 396pp. / This first volume is an excellent edition of the Chinese text of the notes made by Sakugen, a Rinzai monk, during his travels in China. 475. Takuan Osh6 Zenshii Kank6kai h, ~ qI'4/% (Society for the Publication of the Complete works of the Priest Takuan), ed., Takuan Osh6 zenshii ~, (The complete works of the Priest T'akuan), T6ky6, Takuan Osh6 Zenshii Kank6kai, 1927-30, 6v, All remaining contemporary materials on Takuan (1572-1645) have been assembled in this publication. 476. K6da Rentar6 IC, VV ), Shid6 Bunan Zenji-shii Tj~~~ f~4 (The complete works of the Zen master Shid6 Bunan), T6ky6. Makno Shoten, 1940, 442pp. The goroku or sayings of this early Tokugawa Zen master (1602-1676) 477. Suzuki Tesshin 4'~4Z7 Nifzen-so Suzuki Sh6san d6nin zenshii *:-41~-` 4X(The complete works of the believer Suzuki Sh6san, founder of Ni1-zen), Aichi, Shishinji, 1954, 396pp. The goouor sayings of an original early Tokugawa Zen master (1579-1655). 478. Suzuki Daisetsu 4~ i- Yoshida Sh6kin, and others, Bankei Zen no kek * (Studies in the Zen of Bankel), T6ky6, Sankib6 Busshorin, 1942, 502pp.I Nine essays by as many authors on different aspects of the life and thought of Bankei (1621-1693). 479. Terumine Keizan ILIA~ ai, Bankel no Nihon Zen t4- 0) -a/ T- T (The Japanese Zen of Bankei), Ky6to, Ch6jlya Shoten, 1941, 27l8pp.I The life and teachings of Bankei, bringing out concrete details of his everyday life as an expression of his Zen philosophy. 480.Suzki aistsu'~4~- A'I~,Bankel Zen~ji goroku 1 t"')4'$(The sayings of the Zen master Bankel), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1941, 284pp. The first part is devoted to the -goroku or sayings of Bankei, the second part to his "actions and deeds."

Page  42 42 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 481. Suzuki Daisetsu ' t; tt, Zen shisoshi kenkyu dai-ikkan: Bankei Zen 4T - X4 - t (Studies in the history of Zen thought, Vol. 1: the Zen of Bankei), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, ed. 2, 1945, 2+4+430pp. An analysis of Bankei' s thought and a comparison of it with other Zen masters' thought. 482. Hakuin Osh6 Zenshii Hensankai ['_ t31 } 44 i t (Society for the Editing of the Complete works of the Priest Hakuin), ed., Hakuin Osho zenshiu i [I, k/ (The complete works of the priest Hakuin), Tokyo, Ryuginsha, 1934-35, 8v. The biography, goroku or sayings, and writings of this Tokugawa (1684-1768) Rinzai Zen priest. 483. Miyajima Sukeo ~ J 2| X, Zen ni ikuru:- ' (Living in Zen), Toky6, Daiyukaku, 1932, 344pp. The experiences of a popular writer who became a Zen monk. 2) Sot5 Zen 484. Sotoshu Zensho Kank6kai ~:lj / 4i$ ~'L (Society for the Publication of the Complete Works of the Soto Sect), ed., Sotoshii zensho P, ~. / (A complete collection of the works of the Soto sect), T6ky6, Sotoshfi Zensho Kank6kai, 1929-38, 21v. The origins of the sect, discipline, conversational records (goroku), commentaries, biographies, genealogies, chronological charts, etc.; an authoritative collection of works concerning the Soto sect. 485. Seiten Kankokai it J -PYJ (Society for the Publication of the Sacred Texts), ed., Sotoshuii seiten rfr t (The sacred texts of the Soto sect), Tokyo, Toho Shoin, 1930, 732pp. The most important and best known works of the Soto sect in an easily accessible form. 486. Komazawa Daigaku Toshokan - ll I ft ~ (Komazawa University Library), Zenseki mokuroku ~ ~ (A catalogue of Zen works), Toky6, Komazawa Daigaku, 1928, 908pp. A catalogue of Zen books with an emphais on the Soto sect; there are three appendices, a list of books with the same names, a list of different titles that belong to single books, and a list of Western books. 487. Yamada Kodo HJ W ~A, Zenshfu jiten;. $f (A dictionary of the Zen sect), T6ky6, Koyukan, 1915, 1145pp. Intended as a dictionary for the entire Zen sect, this work, by a scholar from the Soto branch, is perhaps best when it deals with Soto subjects. There is complete coverage of terms, ritual, famous monks, bibliography, geographical names, temples, etc. 488. Okubo D6shdu / 4. 5L-#t-, Sotoshu dainempyo ~;I.;~ ~ (Great chronological chart of the Sot6 sect), T6ky6, Bukkyosha, 1935, 841pp. A very complete chart of the sect in both China and Japan. 489. Okada Giho, i \9 vJ;, Nihon Zenseki shiron 0 ~2- - 4 (Essay on the history of Japanese Zen books), T6kyo, Ida Shoten, 1943, 2v. A chronological listing of the books produced by the Zen monks, and primarily the Soto monks, in Japan, each chapter relating the activity of a particular era (nengo), from the Kamakura to the latter half of the Tokugawa. 490. Okada Sempo f# v +, Sotoshu gairon '-, 6 (Outline of the Soto sect), Tokyo, Toho Shoin, 1931, 113pp. An easily written hand-book of everyday facts of the Soto sect. Not for the specialist. 491. Masunaga Reih6o (tI< L., Zenjo shis6shi ~! X-L (History of the thought of Zen meditation), T6kyo, Nihon Hy6ransha, 1944, 313pp. The development of the philosophy of Dhyana from India, through China and into Japan. 492. S6t6shii Nis6shi Hensankai t{\ f,( i'I (Society for the Compilation of a History of the Nuns of the Soto sect), Sotoshf Nis6shi tt:, t~ (The history of the nuns of the Soto sect), T6kyo, Sotoshii Nis6dan Hombu, 1955, 500pp. There are many charts and much incidental information in this rare work on a neglected field. 493. Ueda Daisuke - W t, Zen no tetsugaku t.o~f (Zen philosophy), T6kyo, Risosha, 1943, 352pp. An explanation of Zen philosophy from the point of view of comparative religion, by an authority on electricity from Waseda University. 494. Okubo D6shiu $-' kt-f, Teihon Dogen Zenji zenshu t4/L-_'i44/ (The authentic complete works of the Zen master D6gen), Tokyo, ShunjushaSh6kakukan, 1944, 642pp. Contains the Shobo genz6, discipline, waka (thirty-one syllable poems), etc. 495. Akiyama Hanji Xl., =-, Dogen no kenkyFu W., AC (Studies on Dogen), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, ed. 4, 1936, 2+4+413pp. An epoch -making book on Dogen that set the standard for all Dogen studies for many years. It contains a short biography and a long discussion of Dogen' s philosophy and practical and theoretical religious doctrine.

Page  43 BUDDHISM 43 496. Et6 Soku6 *f Shdso to shite no D6gen zenji z __ } (D6gen as the founder of a sect), T~ky5, Iwanami Shoten, 1944, 36Opp. A very highly considered doctor's thesis which treats D~gen neither as a philosopher nor a Buddhist., but as the f ounder of the SWt sect. 497. Okubo D6shiiA5 4~ D6gen Zenji-den no knyi~~-f~~~(tde nteborpyo the Zen master D6gen), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1953, 564pp.,(tdeinheborpyf Important studies by a specialist, includes essays on Do-gen' s place in Japanese Buddhism, on the historical materials for his biography, on the Sh6b5 genzo, and studies on the sect after the death of Dogen. 498. Masanaga Reih6 t~ O tF, Dge 4, T~yYiznau 1943, 345pp. A good book on Dogen' s thought and religion. 499. Tamamura Taijd /,D -en L[=Gendai s6sho j't~- (oensrs) 10], T6ky6, Mikasa Shobd, 1941, 24i8pp. A highly eulogistic account of D6gen' s life and religious thought and his place in the intellectual history of Japan. 500. Jimbo Nyoten and And.6 Bun'ei -zL~,ed., Sh6b6 genz6 chiikai -zenshoI1- -7-4 (A complete collection of commentaries to the Shbb-o genz6), T6kyd, Bukky6 Taikei Kanseikai, ed. 2, 1938, liv. A reprint from the Bukky6 taikei (entry 227), indispensable for the study of this important SWt text. 501. D~gen Zenji,Shb genz6o- ed. by Et6 Soku.6,T~ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1951, 3v. An easily obtainable, good edition of this text. 502. Akiyama Hanji -30- 1i C::-, D6gen Zenji to gy6 4j (The Zen master D6gen and activity), T~ky5, Sankib6 Busshorin, 1940, 320pp.I Popular lectures on some of the more practical aspects of D6gen' s doctrine. It includes talks on the Sh6b6 genz6-, zazen and the layman, whether the soul exists (on the contradiction between the doctrines of Karma and of anitmya), on Bash5, etc. 503. Tanabe Hajime ~~i, Sh6b6 genz6 no tetsugaku shikan$-4 t (A personal view of the philosophy of the Sh~b6 genz6), T6ky5, Iwanami Shoten, 1939, lO4pp. A famous philosopher of the Ky6to school looks into the Sh6bO genz6 as an early example of serious Japanese philosophical writing. A rare and interesting philosophical analysis of this work. 504. Kurebayashi K6d6 44i~b 1 Sh6b5 genz5 keiteki s_-! Lk (A guide to the Sho-b6 genz5), T6ky6, Yoyogi Shoin, 1930, 2v. The most authoritative commentary on the Sh6b6 genz6, based on the lectures of Nishiari Bokusan. 505. Hashida Kunihiko to Wj T7, Sh6b6 genz6 shakui r/, (A commentary on the Sho-bo genz6), Tfky6, Sankib5 Busshorin, 1939-52, 4v. I A biologist and head of the Ministry of Education during the war has assembled his semi-popular lecture notes on the Sh6b6 genz6. Only the first three volumes were published by the author who committed suicide at the end of the war. 506. Sasaki Kazuo V~ 'z~ AZ - 4 and lida Toshiyuki 19'k V -~,j Sh6b6 genz6 no kenkyii 4 (Studies in the Shdb6 genz6), T6ky6, Ko-bunkan, 1953, 252pp. A translation into Japanese and a study of the Sansui-ky6 contained in the Sh6b6 genz5 of D6gen. 507. Yamada Reirin JIA tV1 4Z Zengaku dokuhon (Zen reader), Foky6, Daiichi Shob6, 1942, 3l0pp. A very popular devotional book, illustrated with cartoons, by a scholar who has a great following among the Buddhist nuns. 508. Nukaruya Kaiten ~~4P Zengaku k6wa (Lectures on Zen), Tfky6), K(3yikan, 1926, l88pp. An attempt at the popularization of Zen philosophy. 509. Akamatsu Shimmy6 P *, 4V OM, ed., Tetsugen zenji kajaji h6go Om d~ __ q (The Japanese sermons of the Zen master Tetsugen), T&ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1941, 188pp. The complete works of this Zen popularizer of the Tokugawa period; there is some annotation appended in notes at the end. 510. Akamatsu Shlmmy5 fr. s~4 — on, Tetsugen zenji ' ~' (The Zen master Tetsugen), T~ky6, Ko-bund6, 1942, 163pp. An easy to read introduction to the thought and works of this famous monk of the Obaku sect.

Page  44 44 44 ~~~A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS g. Nichiren The Nichiren sect is one of the most active and most fervent of all the Japanese Buddhist sects, and the large number of "Holy Scriptures" and complete works of the founder of the sect as well as the concern with his personality and doctrine to the almost complete exclusion of other studies is an eloquent testimony to that fact. The work of Anesaki (entry 523) is one of the rare first-class, objective historical and analytical works devoted to the sect and its founder. 511. Nichirenshii Zensho Shuppankai '1 44 W,4 (Society for the Publication of the Complete Works of the Nichiren Sect), ed.,) Nichirenshii zensho,~4~.i (The complete collection of the Nichiren sect), T6ky6, Suharaya, 1910-16, 30v. The complete collection of the works of the Nichiren sect. 512. Inada Kaiso -~,6 w, ed., Nichirenshii shiigaku zensho v' ytJ 4 (The complete collection of the sect learning of the Nichiren sect), T6ky6, Nichirenshii Shiigaku Zensho Kank~kai, 1911-26, 18v. Another, more recent, complete collection; there are short biographies of the authors at the beginning of each volume. 513. Shibata IchinI5 ~ - _ and Yamada Ichiei sI- Vi —, ed., Nichirenshili seiten - ~, t 4- (The sacred texts of the Nichiren sect), Ky6to, Heirakuji Shoten, 1950, l322pp. A re-edition of the basic works of the Nichiren sect intended for popular devotional use. 5 14. A sai Y6 rin -A. # -o, ed., Sh6wa shinshii Nichiren Sh6nin ibun zenshii ovi —tl U 4,J#,( t (The complete remaining works of Nichiren Sh6nin: new edition of the Sh6wa era), Ky6to, Heirakuji Shoten, 1934, 3v. Nichiren' s works are chronologically printed in the first two volumes; the third volume contains a list of Nichiren' s works with references to their position in other editions, short biographies of personages related to Nichiren and to his sect, commentaries, historical studies of Nichiren' s letters, a year-by-year biography, and many indices. 515. Rissh6 Daigaku Shflgaku Kenkyilsho ic ' - (Rissh6 University, Seminer on Religion), Sh6wa teihon Nichiren Sh6nin ibun 04vj ~4 ~4 i (The remaining works of Nichiren, Sh~wa edition), Minobu-san, S6honzan Minobu Kyiienji, 1954, 3v. The authoritative new edition. 516. Nichirenshii Zensho Shuppankai 4 tAi (Society for the Publication of the Complete Works of the Nichiren Sect), Nichiren Sh6nin zenshil q. (The complete works of Nichiren Sh6nin), Kydto, Heirakuji Shoten, 1931, 7v. There is a parallel translation into modern Japanese. 517. Kat6 Bunga Prn "' 91 Jn, Nichiren Sh6nin goibun qvi'A_ ~A-A r~pt_ (The remaining works of Nichiren Sh6nin), T6ky6, Nisshiisha, 1928, 2ll6pp.I Bound in black like Bibles, this one-volume edition has the kaeriten or "reading marks" for works written in Chinese. 518. Suzuki Issei 4 Z-~ Nichiren Sh6nin seiden 0i- ~AjJ (The true biography of Nichiren Sh6nin), Ky6to, Heirakuji Shoten, 1935, 3l6pp. A useful, representative biography of Nichiren. 519. Shimizu Ryiizan -4*,I J-A Nichiren Sh~nin no sh6gai vi —,A~ 14 0 - (The life of Nichiren Sh6nin), T6ky6, Bukky6 Nenkansha, 1936, 342pp. 520. Yamakawa, Chi5 L!~ III V F-,Hokke shis6shl -j5 no Nichiren Sh6nin ~'I \ — i k (Nichiren Sh6nin in the history of Lotus siitra thought), T6ky6, Shinch6sha, 1934, 5+2+2+8+662+7pp. The importance of Nichiren in the evolution of the development of Sino-Japanese Buddhist sects claiming their origins in the Saddliarma pupo~arika sfitra. 521. Shimizu Ryfizan A ~J Nakatani Ry6ei,and others, Nichiren Shdnin ibun zenshti k6gl __ k ~(Lectures on the complete collection of the remaining works of Nichiren Sh6nin), T6ky6 Dairinkk,19364,more than 50y. Extremely close analyses and explanations of Nichiren' s writings, treated chronologically. 522. Shimizu Ryflzan -~AQ-, Rissh6 ankoku-ron k~gi ~t-T MX~J -) - (Lectures on the Rissh6 ankoku-ron), T6ky6, T6h6 Shoin, 1934, 477pp. t Nichiren'sa most important single work in a good, modern explanation.

Page  45 BUDDHISM 45 523. Anesaki Masaharu -t 4-,, Hokeky6 no gy6ja Nichiren -. T 0. L (Nichiren, the living expenent of the Saddharma puwarlka), Toky6, Hakubunkan, rev. ed., 1933, 652pp. An excellent biography published at the same time as a much abridged and popularized version was published in English. The author, a Nichiren believer, was one of Japan's most distinguished scholars in the twentieth century. 524. Kitao Nichidai L t(e, Nichiren monka juippa k6oyo W0 'I -t -- (,K ' it (An outline of the eleven branches among Nichiren's disciples), Kyoto, Heirakuji Shoten, 1935, 458pp. A useful synopsis of the doctrine of the various branches of the Nichiren sect. 525. Tanaka Chigaku V - {. and others, ed., Nichiren-shugi shin-k6za qg ~ a A, ~ A; (A new essay series in Nichirenism), Toky6, Shishi6 Bunko, 1934-35, 12v. Discussions of the classics of the Nichiren sect followed by consideration of more general human religious problems and their solutions according to the tenets of the sect. There is a second series called Nichirenshugi daik6za v A i r T l _ (Large lecture series on Nichirenism), Toky6, Atoriesha, 1936, also in 12 volumes. 526. Shigyo Kaishilu T, Nichirenshu kyogakushi a J X _ (The history of the doctrine of the Nichiren sect), Kyoto, Heirakuji Shoten, 1952, 412pp. An objective description of how the doctrine of Nichiren was developed after his death, down to 1866. The emphasis is on personalities, doctrines, and the various branches of the sect. 5. MODERN MOVEMENTS The following selection includes all those works on modern Buddhist doctrine that cannot be classified in any particular sect. It contains works by the most prominent leaders of inter-denominational movements, including nationalists of the pre-war period (entries 527, 537, 539, 540, etc.), social problems of religion (entries 531, 532), new tendencies (entries 533, 541) and general oecumenical Buddhist movements (entries 542, 544). It should be remembered that many of the most important modern movements have taken place within the individual sects (especially the Shin sect) and their works are therefore included under those sects. 527. Toky6 Teikoku Daigaku Bukkyo Seinenkai 0 K. 4 l ( 4/,p- ~ (Tokyo Imperial University Buddhist Young Men's Association), Kokka to Bukkyo #, A / W (The nation and Buddhism), Tokyo, Nihon Seinen Kyoikukai Shuppambu, 1942, 236pp. ( Nationalistic work on the "national" character of Buddhism particularly as a religion under the protection of the imperial house. 528. Shimaji Dait6o -t, Shis5 to shink6o [-8- (Thought and belief), T6ky6, Meiji Shoin, 1928-38, 2v. "The differences between Buddhism and Christianity," "Buddhism's Buddha and Christianity's God," "Meiji history of religions," "The past and future relations between Shintoism and Buddhism," "Buddhism and the Japanese national character," and other essays. 529. Daiz6ky6 k6za A ~, S- (Essay series on the Tripitaka), T6kyo, T6oh Shoin, 1932-36, 27v. Popular lectures on representative works of the Buddhist canon. Each volume is written by a different authority, including Sakaino Koyo (vols. 1-2 and 9), Et6 Soku6, and many others. 530. Takakusu Junjiro t * I '">t,, Toho no hikari to shite no Bukkyo rA z \~LI\T (Buddhism as the light of the East), Tokyo, Daiy kaku, 1934, 420pp. Interesting for the light it throws on Takakusu Junjiro's own view of Buddhism. 531. Yabuki Keiki A z., Shakai shis6 to shinnen d-d /; 4 in (Social thought and belief), Tokyo, Meiji Shoin, 1940, 346pp. A view of modern religious problems by a good scholar and a leader of the Buddhist movement in Japan. 532. Asano Kenshin { ^jt,> Shakai shiikyo to shite no Bukkyo6 af^% ^ l z7<44 (Buddhism as a social religion), Tokyo, Daiyukaku, 1934, 348pp. / A pioneer in the sociological study of Buddhism turns his attention to a modern Buddhist problem. 533. Shiio Benky6o f L i-, Ningen no shfukyo A/. ) d t - (A religion of man), Tokyo, Koshisha, 1934, 363pp. A representative work of the Ky6seikai, a society which stresses the rationalistic and humanistic elements in Buddhism. 534. Tomomatsu Entai ILV4 ~t, Gendaijin no Bukky6 gairon {x w tk (Outline of Buddhism for the modern man), Tokyo, Daiichi Shobo, 1933, 245pp. Primarily an introduction to what is called primitive Buddhism, "the Buddhism of the Buddha," based on modern research. The author is the leader of the Truth Movement, Shinri undo, and tries, incidentally in this book, to bring about a unification of all sects into a single sect based upon the primitive teachings of the Buddha.

Page  46 46 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 535. Masutani Fumio At ji L, Bukkyo-ron 1+i (An essay on Buddhism), T6kyo, Ris6sha, 1935, 241pp. A leader of modern Buddhism and professor of modern languages gives a layman's view of Buddhism. 536. Miyamoto Sh6son ~ ~ J, Zoho fudoshin to Bukkyo f "t' -1 M'it/& (The unmoveable mind and Buddhism, enlarged), Tky6, Yfiksha, 1942, 409pp. A famous Buddhist scholar's contribution to the war effort during the last World War. 537. Inazu Kizo -4t - A -, Kokutai no shink6 to Bukkyo \}4 i i4 /y ~ (The belief in the national entity and Buddhism), T6ky6, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1938, 293pp. A new explanation of Buddhism to make it fit the exigencies of the wartime ultra-nationalism in Japan. 538. Noe Shuichi tf/4, Yakud6 no Bukkyo gYp?4H L (Vital Buddhism), Tokyo, Shubunkaku, 1940, 382pp. An attempt by a Shin sect writer and politician to give lay Buddhism a new vigor. 539. Shiio Benky6o # r d-, Kokutai to Bukkyo j/i, ~A (The national entity and Buddhism), Nagoya, T6bund6 Shoten, 1941, 256pp. The quarrel between native Japanese "national entity" and a religion imported from India and China as seen by a Buddhist. 540. Takagami Kakusho v7, _qX, Nihon seishin to Bukkyo 0 ~ r t t (The Japanese spirit and Buddhism), Toky6, Daiichi Shobo, 1941, 331pp. Buddhism treated from the nationalistic point of view. 541. Bukky6 Shiso Fukyu Ky6kai it~ $ -/4 [ 4 / (Association for the Discemination of Buddhist Thought), ed., Zenshin Bukky6: Nihon Bukkyo no saishuppatsu Xi /f t -- ~~ -,j * I$ ) l -- (Progressive Buddhism — a new departure for Japanese Buddhism), Tokyo, Bukkyo Shiso Fukyukai, 1940, 277pp. One of the modern Buddhist movements: a moralistic, interdenominational Buddhism. 542. Bukkyo seiten o kataru s6sho 4 <( ~ t i 3 j $ (A collection of talks on the Buddhist holy classics), Toky6, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1934-36, 15v. Commentaries on representative works of the Buddhist canon by literary men. 543. Akegarasu Haya,, yA], Sh6toku Taishi Jushichijo kemp6 kowa fli4t { 4' tiir (Lectures on Sh6toku Taishi's Constitution in 17 articles), T6ky6, Nihon H6os Shuppan Kyokai, 1935, 463pp. One of the many works of the best preacher of the Shin sect. This is a commentary on Prince Sh6toku's "Constitution" which the writer thinks is a "Bible" for the Japanese spirit. 544. Uehara Senroku l.4/ and others, ed., Gendai Bukky6 k6za AL'Nl f Pfi (Essay series on modern Buddhism), T6ky6, Kadokawa Shoten, 1955, 5v. Studies by various specialists (including Kamei Katsuichiro, Furuta Sh6kin, and Nakamura Hajime) on all aspects of Buddhism, with emphasis on its social character: v. 1, Man and society; v.2, Thought; v. 3, History; v.4, Literature and art; v.5, The canon and famous monks.

Confucianism

pp. 46-58

Page  46 IV. CONFUCIANISM Confucianism in Japan as well as in China is the philosophy of scholars — historians, philologists, economists, etc. — and has therefore been perhaps the best studied of Japan's religions and philosophies. At least the formal aspects, the raw materials of its study — the collections, collected works, etc. -- are extremely well assembled, collated, annotated, and punctuated, but usually not translated from Chinese into Japanese. Except in the section devoted to reference materials (IV, 1) no purely Chinese works have been included. 1. REFERENCE MATERIALS The following collections are of both Japanese and Chinese works, and some of the latter include not only Confucianism but also the other Chinese philosophies and general literary works. The bibliographies and collections of biographies are very useful (entries 554, 555). It should be remembered that there are no collections of Japanese Confucianist or Confucianist-inspired works before the Tokugawa period in any of these collections. 545. Kokumin Bunko Kank6kai /~._1! [ ~/t (Society for the Publication of the People's Library), Kokuyaku kambun taisei A ~. (Compendium of Japanese translations of Chinese classics), T6ky6, Kokumin Bunko Kank6kai, 1920-24, 40v. An enormous collection of most of the important works of Chinese literature and philosophy translated into Japanese with some rather insufficient explanatory notes. The translations are not by any means trustworthy and should be used with care. Cf. Hall, 494o

Page  47 CONFUCIANISM 47 546. Waseda Daigaku Henshubu t2 QL^ q. (Waseda University Editorial Office), Sentetsu isho kanseki kokujikai zenshot J I ~ — 1 4 ~ / (Complete collection of Japanese commentaries on the Chinese classics by former scholars), T6kyo, Waseda Daigaku Shuppambu, 1909-20, 53v. The commentaries on the Confucianist classics by Tokugawa scholars, punctuated and translated into modern Japanese. Cf. Hall, 497. 547. Hattori Unokichi ' L, Kambun taikei L (Compendium of Chinese classics), T6ky6, Fuzamb6, 1910-16, 22v. The best modern Japanese edition of the standard works of Chinese philosophy, with their most important Chinese commentaries. Some of the volumes (such as Han Fei tzu, Ch'u tz'u) are among the best editions that exist, in China or in Japan. Cf. Hall, 493. 548. Seki Giichiro l /I 4k -i, Nihon meika shisho chushaku zensho t 4, t t (A complete collection of commentaries on the Four Books by famous Japanese scholars), Tokyo, Toyo Tosho Kank6kai, 1923-25, 10v.; also, 1927-30, 3v. Commentaries on the Great learning (Ta hsiieh), the Doctrine of the mean (Chung yung), Analects (Lun yUi) and Mencius (Meng tzii), by Tokugawa Confucianists. It includes It6 Jinsai's Ron-Mo kogi, Ogyu Sorai's Rongo-bi, etc. 549. Samura Hachir6o /1 -/ 3, Kansho kaidai shusei d I / (A complete collection of bibliographic notes on Chinese books), T6kyo, Rikug6kan, 1900-01, 3v. Philological studies of the classics, the histories, and the works of the philosophers in China by Tokugawa Confucianists. 550. Seki Giichir56 [ /N '3, ed., Roshi kokujikai zensho: '' /'$ (A complete collection of Japanese commentaries on Lao tzu), Tokyo, T-oyo Tosho Kankokai, 1923, 514pp. 551. Seki Giichir6o 1] /4 ->i, Nihon jurin sosho t ~ f~: (Series of Japanese Confucian writings), Osaka, Toyo Tosho Kank6kai, 1927-29, 6v.; Second series, 1930-33, 4v.; Third series, 1935-37, 3v. A large selection of writings by the Tokugawa Confucianists. There is no commentary on the works themselves. Cf. Hall, 495. 552. Seki Giichiro6 /tA - i, ed., Kinsei juka shiry6o r-k\ s-N (Historical materials of the modern Confucianists), Toky6, Ida Shoten, 1942-43. Contains works by less well-known Tokugawa Confucianists, generally about their contemporaries or rival schools of Japanese Confucianism. Only two volumes (of three) seem to have been published. 553. Inoue Tetsujir6o -_ f-; j3 and Kanie Yoshimaru # ia k <, ed., Nihon rinri ihen at~/l ~..~ (Collected works on Japanese ethics), T6ky6o, Ikuseikai, 1901-03, 10v. General coverage of the various schools of Tokugawa Confucianism, arranged according to school. Cf. Hall, 496. 554. Seki Giichir5o 'i4 -?3 and Seki Yoshinao 1X],-, ed., Kinsei kangakusha chojutsu mokuroku taisei,~_i~{.~l.~ ~, A. K (Complete catalogue of the works of modern Confucianists), T6kyo, T6y6 Tosho Kank6kai, 1941, 2+2+19+573+100pp. A list of more than 20,000 works by 2,900 Confucianists who lived in the period between the beginning of the Tokugawa era and 1937, together with biographical sketches. Genealogies of the various schools are appended to this useful reference work. 555. Koyanagi Shigeta ~ ' A 4A '/( and Ogawa Kand6o.-t'IT, ed., Kangakusha denki oyobi chojutsu shuran,*tjLs\ _4 t.t (A collection of Confucianist biographies and works), T6ky6, Seki Shoin, 1935, 2+8+44+781+ 12pp. A list of about 14,800 Confucianist works by 1,256 men who lived between 1619 and 1934, with short biographies of their authors. There is an index of the names of the authors, their appelations as scholars, and their works. 2. HISTORIES AND HISTORICAL STUDIES Since under the separate schools of Confucianism we have grouped only individual thinkers, this general section contains not only histories of Japanese Confucianism, but also works on separate schools as well. The works of Inoue Tetsujir6 are an example (entries 575, 576, 577). Almost all of these studies are concerned exclusively with the Tokugawa period, when Confucianism reached its most flourishing state in Japan. Works on earlier Confucianist influence are rare (entry 561 is a notable exception), as are studies of the remnants of Confucianism after the Meiji Restoration.

Page  48 48 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 556. Iwahashi Junsei t 4f L-_b, Dai-Nihon rinri shis6 hattatsushi ( a ( * + E - ~0 A-3Lt (History of the development of the ethical thought of great Japan), T6ky6, Meguro Shoten, 1915, 2v. The gradual nationalization of Confucianism from its importation until the end of Meiji is the subject of this book, in spite of its title. The Tokugawa period and all its important thinkers occupy the center of interest; only two or three Meiji Confucianists are treated. A basic book for the study of Japanese Confucianism. Cf. Hall, 1387. 557. Takada Shinji E, a A t,, Nihon jugakushi. '1 t '2 _ (History of Japanese Confucianism), Tokyo, Chijin Shokan, 1941, 4+4+278pp. A clear outlineof the subject, with particular emphasis on political and social relations for each period; the effect of Western thought on Confucianism during the Meiji period is also discussed. Cf. Hall, 1939. 558. Yasui Kotar6o _ ff 1. k~ I, Nihon jugakushi a * 3tLT (History of Japanese Confucianism), Tokyo, Fuzambo, 1939, 1+296+172+17pp. Part one is a discussion of Japanese Confucianism with emphasis on the Tokugawa period, chronologically by school,with the biographies and the doctrines of the representative members; part two is a history of the study of the Chinese classics in Japan from the Nara period to the end of the Kamakura period; and part three is a catalogue of the author's library with his year-by-year biography. Cf. Hall, 1398. 559. Oe Bunj6 A- ^ ~ ~, Homp6 jugakushi ronk6 $ { t { L_ (The study of the history of Japanese Confucianism), Osaka, Zenkoku Shobo, 1944, 2+8+572pp. A useful book which discusses the doctrines of the important members of each school of Confucianism from its importation into Japan to the end of the Tokugawa, stressing its scholarly, non-religious character. Cf. Hall, 1391. 560. Kubo Tenzui L/t K [3, Nihon jugakushi iw 2 > t (History of Japanese Confucianism), Toky6, Hakubunkan, 1904, 4+6+286pp. A fairly old, but clear study of ancient and medieval Confucianism by a Sinologist; the Confucianist aspects of Gosan literature are particularly well treated. There are charts of the schools of Gosan and Sengoku Confucianism. 561. Ashikaga Enjutsu, A /\ ct., Kamakura Muromachi jidai no juky6o 4 Qy qT i t t Z- (Confucianism of the Kamakura and Muromachi periods), T6ky6, Nihon Koten Zenshu Kank6kai, 1932, 12+12+875+2+42pp. The best work in a neglected field, it is divided into three periods: Kamakura, the Kemmu restoration and Namboku period, and Muromachi, Azuchi and Momoyama periods. The author deals with the Shushi school tradition, the Kanazawa library, and the monks of the Gosan; the court and the Shushi school, Kitabatake Chikafusa, and Shinto and Zen in relation the Confucianism; the Gosan, regional Confucianism, and Confucianism and the n6 and monogatari. The Kanazawa Library catalogue is reproduced and a bibliography given of the most important works of each period. 562. Nishimura Tenshiu 0J At k and Takeuchi Yoshio A. ~ ~ ~, ed., Nihon S6gakushi (The history of Japanese Sung studies), Toky6, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1951, 9+8+279pp. Two important Japanese Sinologists have produced this excellent study of the early Confucianists in Japan; the period covered is roughly from the mid-Kamakura period to the beginning of the Tokugawa. 563. Teraishi Masamichi -. 4 H, Nangakushi ~ ( _ (History of the southern school), Toky6, Fuzambo, 1934, 1291pp. The Southern or Tosa school (so called in contrast to the Kyoto school) of Tokugawa Confucianism is here studied in great detail with important sections devoted not only to the scholars and their doctrines but also to the relations of the Southern school to Tosa and late Shogunate politics. 564. Kitamura Sawakichi A4%t ~5, Gosan bungakushi-ko B-y Am LAr (A draft of the history of the Gosan school of literature), T6ky6, Fuzamb6, 1941, 876pp. An important study of one of the medieval sources of Tokugawa Confucianist thought, treating the school historically from the Kamakura period to the end of the Sengoku period. The Ashikaga School, Kanazawa Library, and several Confucianist scholars are also discussed. 565. Itoga Kunijiro t * \40 i A, Kainan Shushigaku hattatsu no kenkyid r T 4 &I' -4 f k (Studies in the development of the Southern Shushi school), Tokyo, Seibido, 1935, 2+5+2+9+572pp. Detailed studies of the thought and scholars of the Tosa school. There are studies in appendices of Asami Keisai and Sato Naokata of the school of Yamazaki Ansai, and a bibliography of the writings of the Tosa school. 566. Iwahashi Junsei; t, Kinsei Nihon jugakushi _-j 4 ~ { _ (The history of modern Japanese Confucianism), Toky6, H6bunkan, 1927, 2v. Each school and each writer of Tokugawa Confucianism is treated separately in these volumes which might better be entitled "The history of modern Japanese Confucianist ethical thought." An excellent work; four chapters are appended concerning Confucianism and contemporary Japan, Ogyui Sorai, and Miura Baien. 567. Sagara T6ru: t< ~, Kinsei Nihon jukyo undo no keifu A-_- e f (The genealogy of modern Japanese Confucianism), Tokyo, Kobund6, 1955, 6+2+205+3pp. A discussion of the relation of Tokugawa Confucianist thought and society: of the effects of the thought on society and of the actual formation of the thought itself. An interesting book and the only one of its kind on the subject.

Page  49 CONFUCIANISM 49 568. Sait6 Tokutar6. 7 S, Kinsei jurin hennenshi,i { + Af, (The annals of the modern Confucianists), Osaka, Zenkoku Shobo, 1943, 2+4+474pp. Interesting accounts of the lives and the thought of Tokugawa Confucianists beginning with Arai Hakuseki. 569. Takeuchi Yoshio <k' 6t', Juky6 no seishin 4~ i.L7 - P (The spirit of Confucianism), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten t Z f, 1939, 2+2+214pp. Half of this book is devoted to the exposition of the development of Confucianism in China; the latter half to the study of some special aspects of Japanese Confucianism. There are clear introductions to the thought of Hayashi Razan, the Mito school, Yamaga Sok6, It6 Jinsai, Ogyf Sorai, Nakae T6ju and Kumazawa Banzan. The author is a first-rate Sinologist so that his treatment of the peculiarly Japanese aspects of Confucianism is especially authoritative. 570. Morohashi Tetsuji f A C s, Nihon seishin to juky6o V t! { < (The Japanese spirit and Confucianism), T6ky6, Teikoku Kangaku Fukyikai, 1934, 235pp. Six lectures given to a group of educators in Gumma prefecture concerned mainly with the usage the Japanese have made of Confucianism in their national morality: the rejection of the right to revolution, the adaptation of the doctrines of self-culture, the rectification of names, etc. 571. Nakamura Kyushir5o 't Y'J, Nihon bunka to juky5o D i(L, t'{ (Japanese culture and Confucianism), T6kyo, T6k6 Shoin, 1935, 4+3+150pp. A short but extremely comprehensive study of all phases of Japanese Confucianism, from the earliest periods to after the Meiji Restoration. Useful for the light it throws on the special quality of Japanese Confucianism as distinguished from Chinese Confucianism. 570. Bamba Masatomo A 1 f]-, Nihon jukyo-ron 9 * (m/ l (On Japanese Confucianism), Toky6, Mikasa Shob6, 1939, 328pp. The rise, flourishing, decline, and fall of Japanese Confucianism treated historically as a social phenomenon rather than as philosophy. A good introduction. Cf. Hall, 1382. 573. Tokugawa-k6 Keis6 Shichijunen Shukuga Kinenkai 4 a\ 't,.S. k- -,,. i/_ 4 (Association to Commemorate the Celebration of Prince Tokugawa's Seventy Years of Continuation in the Faith), ed., Kinsei Nihon no jugaku,. ' i; a t (Modern Japanese Confucianism), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1939, 3+9+1+5+1149pp. Fifty specialists studying diverse aspects of Tokugawa Confucianism. Divided into three parts, "The Tokugawa Bakufu and Confucianism," "The special characteristics of the various schools," "Miscellaneous questions on Edo Confucianism," each part containing about fifteen specialized articles. 574. Teikoku Kyoikukai li 4Jl 4L/ (The Imperial Education Association), ed., Rokudai sentetsu.;.LC (Six great former sages), T6ky6, Kdo6kan, 1908, 203pp. The lives and thought of Yamaga Soko, Yamazaki Ansai, Nakae Toju, Ito Jinsai, Aoki Kon'yo and Arai Hakuseki. 575. Inoue Tetsujir6 V-. t 13, Teisei z6ho Nihon Kogakuha no tetsugaku ivSak la J (. $ (The philosophy of the Japanese Kogaku school, revised and enlarged), T6ky6, Fuzamb6, 1918, 6+3+8+837+1838pp. The standard work on the most philological of the schools of Tokugawa Confucianism; treats the philosophers Yamaga Sok6, It6 Jinsai, Ogyu Sorai and their disciples. Genealogies of It6 Jinsai's and Ogyui Sorai's disciples are appended with year-by-year biographies of important Kogaku scholars. Cf. Hall, 1383. 576. Inoue Tetsujir6 t _b- k,, Teisei z6ho Nihon Shushigakuha no tetsugaku '41* Q ~ g i 0(<- (The philosophy of the Japanese Shushi school, revised and enlarged), Toky6, Fuzamb6, 1945, 6+2+8+837pp. The standard work on the philosophy of Chu Hsi as it was developed in Japan, from Fujiwara Seika and Hayashi Razan to Yamazaki Ansai and the Mito school. Inoue was at the time of the first edition of this work in 1915 trying to harmonize Neo-Kantian philosophy with the philosophy of this school. An essay on the origin of the school in Japan, its genealogy and chronological tables of its members are included. Cf. Hall, 1384. 577. Inoue Tetsujiro -tt-~t- B, Nihon Yomeigakuha no tetsugaku 1 O tj 9( tI'- (The philosophy of the Japanese Yomei school), Tokyo, Fuzambo, 1897, 678pp. The philosophy of the Y6mei school is treated historically beginning with the schools of Nakae Toju, Kumazawa Banzan, Oshio ChUsai and ending with those of the end of the Tokugawa shogunate. The work is infused with the author's predilection for German idealism. There are charts of the Y6mei school and a chronological listing of important events of the school in appendices. Cf. Hall, 1385. 578. Takase Takejiro ^:-^^^^p, Nihon no Y6meigaku 9t^$^0 (The Japanese Yomei school), T6kyo, Tekka Shoin, 1899, 3+2+12+274+5+ pp. After an introduction in which the author states the differences between the Chinese followers of Wang Yangming and the Japanese Y6mei school, he discusses the main thinkers and their influences according to their schools and then takes up about 35 very obscure members of the school and discusses their biographies and thought.

Page  50 50 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 579. Hani Goro ^4K=-_{z, Hakuseki, Yukichi _;.1, T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1948, 434pp. A famous Marxist historian gives his interpretation of the present-day meaning of the philosophy of Arai Hakuseki and Fukuzawa Yukichi. The "modernity" of the former is greatly exaggerated. 580. Muraoka Tsunetsugu 1ft ]-,, Soko, Norinaga.' A*-;A, T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1938, l+2+181ppo The theories on education of these two important Tokugawa thinkers, Yamaga Sok6 of the Kogaku school and the Kokugaku leader Motoori Norinaga, are stressed in this short book by one of the greatest modern specialists on Japanese intellectual history. 581. Nishi Shin'ichiro 6 -i —'3, Sontoku,Baigan A -,, Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1938, 2+143pp. A short book on the educational theories of the agricultural reformer Ninomiya Sontoku and the Shingaku urban reformer Ishida Baigan by a creative ethicist. 582. Tsuda Sokichi, \i t),, Banzan, Ekken J. L\, Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1938; also, 1939, 3+1+225pp. An important book by a great scholar which describes the "Japanization"' of Confucianistic thought in the particular cases of Kumazawa Banzan and Kaibara Ekken with particular attention to their theories of education. 583. Saegusa Hiroto ', Nihon no chisei to gijutsu 9 4 \t E;L l' (Japanese intellect and technical art), Toky6, Daiichi Shob5, 1939, 2+343pp. By analyzing the thought of Miura Baien and Kaiho Seiryo and the logic of the waka and haiku, the author attempts to generalize on the originality of Japanese thought in comparison with European thought and on the influence of this Japanese thought on such techniques as mining and forging. 3. INDIVIDUAL SCHOOLS So few of the Confucianist thinkers have cut across school lines that it has seemed advisable to list them according to the group they belong to rather than to list them in a purely chronological order. There are, of course, many thinkers who belong to no school; these have been listed at the end as "independent thinkers." a. Shushi The Shushi school takes its name from the famous Sung Dynasty Chinese Neo-Confucianist Chu Hsi.dd (1130-1200), Shushi being the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese Chu-tzu5i-}-, the Master Chu. The following thinkers have been further grouped chronologically into sub-schools since, during its long Tokugawa history, the Shushi school has split into various factions, although it has always kept close to its authoritarian, nationalistic, "royalist," and Neo-Confucianist sources. 1) Miscellaneous thinkers 584. Kokumin Seishin Bunka Kenkyusho l4 ^ A ~ -/, J (Institute for the People's Spiritual Culture), Fujiwara Seika-shii H: 1~ t (The collected works of Fujiwara Seika) [=Kokumin seishin bunka bunken N i% tt ALjAS (Materials on the People's Spiritual Culture), ], T6ky6, Kokumin Seshin Bunka Kenkyfsho, 1938-39, 2v. Part 1 includes a biography and an introduction to the philosophy of this originator of the Kyoto school of Shushi Confucianism; part 2 contains his essays with a commentary and a chronological table. 585a. Ky6to Shisekikai. T t /. (Kyoto Society of Historical Remains), edo, Hayashi Razan bunshu Jfji. 4 (A collection of Hayashi Razan's prose), 1918-19, 2v. This and the following collection contain all of Hayashi Razan's works except the essays on Shinto and the historical studies. 585b. Ky6to Shisekikai.itt 'k, Hayashi Razan shishfiu -:f4 t (A collection of Hayashi Razan's poetry), Kyoto, Koko Gakkai, 1920-21, 2v. 586. Kokusho Kank6kai \11 t '1 'i< / (Society for the Publication of Japanese Documents), ed., Honch5 tsugan J 4 (Mirror of Japan), T6ky6, Kokusho Kank6kai, 1918, 18v. This is Hayashi Razan's chronological history of Japan from Jimmu Tenno to the Go-Y5zei Tenno (1611). 587. Ekken-kai At t/, ed., Ekken zenshiu 4t\vt (The complete works of [Kaibara] Ekken), Tokyo, Ekkenkai, 1910-11, 8v. This collection, arranged according to subject, also contains a chronology of Kaibara Ekken's life and a biography. 588. Irizawa Munehisa X i. i, Kaibara Ekken E E ~ e, T6ky6, Shunjusha, 1936, 1+4+188pp. The life, thought, and philosophy of education of Kaibara Ekken by a philosopher of education. The third section contains a comparison of Ekken with John Locke. There is a chronological chart and a bibliography in appendices.

Page  51 CONFUCIANISM 51 589. Maeno Kiyoji al f-4-, Ekken to sono ky6iku shis5o } t: ~ tf-. ([Kaibara] Ekken and his thought on education), Tokyo, Baifukan, 1939, 5+5+6+288pp. A good discussion of Kaibara Ekken's theories of education and their relation to the social and scholastic conditions of Tokugawa times. 590. Hayashi Senzo %t. U-, ed., Shundai zatsuwa,.. m! (Miscellaneous stories from Surugadai), TokyO, Iwanami Shoten, 1936, 299pp. The moral teachings of the Shushi philosopher, Muro Kyuso, in the form of miscellaneous essays on the five Confucianist constants, Benevolence, Righteousness, Propriety, Knowledge, and Fidelity. 591. Kizaki Aikichi Z ~4 ~, ed., Rai San'y6 zensho ~.L? h (The complete works of Rai San'y6), Tokyo, Shokasha, 1931-1932, 30v. The first volume is devoted to a complete biography of Rai San'yo followed by critical comments and corrections, and a study of his relations with his disciples. The second volume consists of prose works and the third poetry. 592. Kizaki Kosho ~ ~- r~7, Rai San'yo no hito to shiso 6 U oX t - (Rai San'yo: the man and his thought), Tokyo, Konnichi no Mondaisha, 1943, 6+1+4+624pp. A biography of Rai San'yo and a discussion of his philosophy with particular attention given to his Nippon gaishi, his theories of history, and his exegesis of the classics. 593. Hida-gun Kyoikukai E W pO t t/ (Hida District Education Association), ed., Tanso zenshu;,- ' (The complete works of Hirose Tanso), Oita, Hida-gun Ky6ikukai, 1925-27, 3v. Also contains a short biography and, in an appendix, chronological charts, conversations,and documents concerning this late Tokugawa eclectic Shushi Confucianist. 594. Kakumitsu Kiyoshi A t'A, Hirose Tanso no shiso to kyoiku ), - '& 3 -- t ) i (Hirose Tans' s thought and education), T, Tky, Tk Shoin, 1942, 417pp. The only comprehensive study of the man, his thought, and the background for his thought, with explanations of the essays contained in his collected works. 595. Osaka Daigaku i ^r 9 K (Osaka University), ed., Kaitokudo no kako to genzai \t At- 7 a - (The past and present of the Kaitokudo), Osaka, Osaka Daigaku, 1953, 51pp. A series of essays by important scholars (including Kimura Eiichi and Takeuhi Yoshio) on the group of Osaka merchant-Confucianists whose independent philosophical and scholarly activity which began in the mid-Tokugawa period has continued till the present day. 2) Yamazaki Ansai and His School 596. Nihon Koten Gakkai \~9 $ ~-, ^~/ (Japanese Classics Association), ed., Yamazaki Ansai zenshfi Ljdl/$fT (The complete works of Yamazaki Ansai), Tokyo, Nihon Koten Gakkai, 1957, 5v.; plus suppl. v. There is a commentary and a translation into modern Japanese in this collection of the works of the founder of Suika Shinto. 597. Denki Gakkai /\;t<-/ (Biographical Association), Yamazaki Ansai to sono monryui \d ~{Io1!?t (Yamazaki Ansai and his school), Tokyo, Meiji Shoin, 1938, 348pp.; enl. ed., 1943, 426pp. 20 specialists including Tokutomi Soho, Kobayashi Kenzo, etc., have collaborated to produce this work on the main disciples of Yamazaki Ansai. 598. Hiraizumi Cho -5 t< f, ed., Ansai sensei to Nippon seishin il l ' ^' ([Yamazaki] Ansai and the Japanese spirit), Tokyo, Shibundo, 1932, 228pp. Three essays including the title essay by the editor, "The development of reverence for the emperor in the Ansai school," by Uchida Shuhei, and "The origins and doctrines of Suika Shinto," by Yamamoto Shin'ya. 599. Goto Saburo M1t - 7, Ansai gakuto no kokutai shiso [67)~..$0) / -- (The theories concerning national entity in the school of Yamazaki Ansai), Tokyo, Kinkodo Shoseki Kabushiki Kaisha, 1941, 554pp. Studies on these followers of Yamazaki Ansai: Asami Keisai, Tani Taizan, Ogimachi Kimmichi, Atobe Yoshiaki, Kuriyama Sempo, Miyake Kanran, Tamaki Isai, Yoshimi Kowa (Yukikazu), Wakabayashi Kyosai, Matsuoka Chfryo, Tanigawa Kotosuga, Takenouchi Shikibu, and Yamagata Daini. 600. Asami Keisai. Sensei Icho Hensankai 3' QL /. ~ ^ /~ (Scoiety for the Editing of the Posthumous Works of the Master, Asami Keisai), ed., Keisai sensei zenshiu i - a t (The complete works of Asami Keisai), Tokyo, Asami Keisai Sensei Icho Hensankai, 1915, 68v. There is a biography and chronological charts in this collected works. 601. Sato Toyokichi Afi- L - #, Asami Keisai sensei to sono shuchO A-, - (Asami Keisai and his opinions), Kyoto, Yamamoto Bunkado, 1933, 11lllpp. A detailed study of this important "royalist" thinker including discussion of both his thought and biography.

Page  52 52 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 602. Nihon Koten Gakkai 1 * ~t 7/~ (Japanese Classics Association), ed., Sat6 Naokata zenshuAfi/ 1 (The complete works of Sat6 Naokata), T6ky6, Nihon Koten Gakkai, 1941, 964pp. The complete works of a dissident disciple of Ansai, contains many exegeses of Confucian works and studies in Japanese Confucian thinkers. 603. Iizuka Shigetake /SK v44 A., Yamagata Daini shoden - Ryushi shinron jusampen shinshaku- J~, iV4{4 } 4rfli -~ i- ~ _ (The biography of Yamagata Daini: a new commentary on the thirteen chapters of the Ryfishi shinron), T6kyo, Mitsui Shuppan Sh6kai, 1943, 8+4+432pp. The only work on an important but relatively unknown anti-Shushi school Confucianist who owed allegiance to both the schools of Ansai and Sorai. There is a discussion of his life and thought, a bibliography of his works, commentary on his main writing, the Ryushi shinron, and, in an appendix, his poems and letters. 604. Takenouchi Shikibu k, \N A-,Nakatomi no harai kOgi ~ 1 T' A (Lectures on the Nakatomi purification rites), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1944, 61pp. One of the main works of a disciple of Ansai who combined Confucianism and Shintoism during the midTokugawa period. 3) Arai Hakuseki 605. Arai Takichi ~ f 1, ed., Arai Hakuseki zenshfu A d J 9, / (The complete works of Arai Hakuseki), Tokyo, Kokusho Kank6kai, 1905-1907, 6v. There is a chronological biography and a bibliography of Arai Hakuseki's works in this collection. 606. Furukawa Tesshi ~, r |, Arai Hakuseki e _- (d -, T6kyo, K5bund6, 1953, 276pp. A biography which devotes a good part of its discussion to the thought and scholarship of Arai Hakuseki. The background of the times and the conflict in Arai's early life with respect to a choice between a life of learning or of politics are particularly well drawn. A bibliography of studies on Arai Hakuseki and a year by year biography are included in this excellent recent study. 607. Izu Kimio 4i J/ 4 t, Arai Hakuseki Af ~ { k, T6ky6, Hakuy6sha, 1938, 285pp. A biography of "Arai Hakuseki as a man"' and "as a scholar" including a description of the social background of the times. Essays on "The political thought of the Tokugawa period" and "Arai Hakuseki and calligraphy," and a year by year biography are appended. 4) Mito School 608. Takasu Yoshijir6o X A7, ed., Mitogaku taikei )K1,L 4 (A compendium of the Mito school), Toky6, Ida Shoten, 1942, 10v. Each volume is devoted to works of one or two of the following men: Fujita Toko, Aizawa Seishisai, Fujita Yukoku, Tachihara Suiken, Toyoda Tend6, Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Tokugawa Nariaki, Ataka Tampaku, Miyake Kanran, Kuriyama Sempo, Aoyama Sessai (Nobuyuki), and Aoyama Haigensai (Nobumitsu). The tenth volume is a dictionary of Mito studies. 609. Takasu Yoshijir6o 7 " -~ Ot,, ed., Mitogaku zenshdu 4 f /4 (The complete works of the Mito school), T6kyo, Nitto Shoin, 1933-34, 6v. Besides many of the above, this collection also contains works by the following: Fujita Yukoku, Shu Shunsui, Naito Hekikai, Tsurumine Kaisei. 610. Sekiyama Nobu 1i Z- L, ed., Mitogaku seizui - f %h (The gist of the Mito school), T6kyo, Seibund6 Shinkosha, 1941, 2+2+61+716pp. Fifteen important works of the Mito school, each accompanied by a short commentary. 611. Watanabe Hiroshi >A L %, ed., Kodokan sosho A t - (A Kodokan collection), Mito, Joso Shimbunsha, 1941, 2+2+430pp. Some important Mito school texts together with a brief history of the Kodokan, the school of the Mito clan in their home city. 612. Hojo Takejir6o L, - t, Ishin Mitogakuha no katsuyaku. d z A otP _-;V (The activity of the Mito school in the [Meiji] restoration), T6ky6, Shubunkan, 1942, 5+19+582+26+4pp. The thought and practice of the men of the Mito school who took part in the Meiji restoration. 613. Kikuchi Kenjir6o. -t- ^-, ed., Yukoku zenshiu S $/~4 (The complete works of [Fujita] Yukoku), Tokyo, Yoshida Yahei, 1935, 38+2+824+2pp. The complete works (with the exception of his correspondence which is abridged) of the head of the Mito school during its last period.

Page  53 CONFUCIANISM 53 614. Nishimura Fuminori v PT ' \', Fujita Yukoku q 't Jo A f, T6kyo, Heibonsha, 1940, 240pp. A useful biography with emphasis on the thought of this important leader of the Mito school. 615. Setani Yoshihiko - k 1, Aizawa Seishisai / 4,1j, Tokyo, Bunkyo Shoin, 1947, 5+247pp. The theories of education are stressed in this study of a representative thinker of the Mito school during the last days of the shogunate. A bibliography is included in the last chapter. 616. Nishimura Fuminori i:, <#i,, Aizawa Hakumin -4 /'(\ t, T6kyo, Shokasha, 1936, 443pp. A useful biography of Aizawa Seishisai. It contains a chronology of Aizawa's life in an appendix. 617. Tsukamoto Katsuyoshi t 7i t, ed., Shinron tekiihen if-> i, T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1941, 303pp. Two of the central works of Aizawa Seishisai, avidly read by the partisans of the emperor around the time of the Meiji restoration. 618. Kikuchi Kenjir6 J i-V it. t-, ed., Shintei Toko zenshiu _~ 4 /4t (The complete works of [Fujita] T6ko, new edition), Tokyo, Hakubunkan, 1940, 1422pp. A chronological list of the events in Fujita's life is appended to this anthology. 619. Higo Kazuo PtC 4, Fujita T6ko W 5 [in Nihon shis6ka zenshii 7- 7gl- / (Anthology of Japanese thinkers)], Tokyo, Shinch6sha, 1944, 252pp. The life and thought of this nationalistic political theorist. 620. Nishimura Fuminori f At y-i'|, Fujita T6ko V tg ^., T6ky6, Dait6 Shob6, 1930, 2+2+10+503pp. An excellent biography by a specialist in the study of the Mito school. 621. Takasu Yoshijir6o v t, Fujita T6ko-den | w 4 4J- (Biography of Fujita Toko), T6ky6, Seibund6 Shink6sha, 1941, 4+12+578pp. There is a strong nationalistic tendency to this book, but it is one of the most recent biographies of Fujita T6ko and presents a number of episodes of his life that have hitherto not been published. 622. Setani Yoshihiko A. A, Mitogaku no shiteki kenkyu QC ( m ~ X 5L ' (Historical studies on the Mito school), Toky6, Chubunkan, 1940, 2+2+283pp. An authoritative historical study of the middle period of the history of the Mito school. The work is divided into three parts, the period of Tokugawa Mitsukuni, the period of Mito stagnation, and the period of Tokugawa Nariaki. 5) Late Tokugawa Political Thinkers 623. Shinano Kyoikukai /1'- 2 / (Shinano Education Association), Sh6zan zenshu,;/ 4 (The complete works of [Sakuma] Shozan), Nagano, Shinano Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1934-35, 5v. An index is appended to the complete works of this late Tokugawa political theorist. 624. Kaneko Takanosuke - 1+ / L, Sakuma Sh6zan no hito to shis6o /At'-(1 Io '/' L' i ~- (Sakuma Sh6zan: the man and his thought), Tokyo, Konnichi no Mondaisha, 1943, 4+4+425+39pp. A well documented study; the second part consists of a discussion of Shozan's works, including his diary. A chronological chart of the Tokugawa period is appended. 625. Yamaguchi-ken Ky6ikuai J-, t7 3; f / (Yamaguchi Prefecture Education Association), ed., Yoshida Sh6in zenshu J - iT 4t /f4t (The complete works of Yoshida Sh6in), T6kyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1934-36, 12v. Contains a year-by-year biography and a genealogy with bibliographical references. 626. Kumura Toshio -,Z1 t g, Yoshida Sh6in no shis5 to kyoiku rt 4 K (Yoshida Shoin's thought and [theories on] education), 1942, 420pp. A broad treatment of Yoshida Shoin's theories on education which includes several introductory chapters on his thought in general. 627. Tokutomi Ichir6o ~~ -p, Yoshida Sh6in? 7 I t, Tokyo, Min'yiisha, 1908, 4+14+4+4+494pp. An old but still important work by a famous journalist and historian, which discusses Yoshida Shoin's life and thought and the important role this latter played as a moving force in the Meiji Restoration. Historical materials, a year-by-year biography, and charts are appended. 628. Shitahodo Yukichi T- -A ', Yoshida Sh6in kif \I,, T6ky6, K6bund6, 1953, 4+6+234pp, An educator and a philosopher in an excellent study, clearly recognizing the excesses of earlier idolization of Yoshida Shoin, but still praising him as the greatest educational genius in Japan's history.

Page  54 54 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 629. Sekine Etsur6 %f 4 -'p3, Yoshida Sh6in X \ _,^ ) / [in Jimbutsu saikent6 s6sho /A — t i. (Collection for the reexamination of personages), T6ky6, Hakuy6sha, 1937, 6+348pp. A good, objective treatment which clearly shows the importance of Yoshida Sh6in's thought on later militarists and ultra-nationalists. 630. Naramoto Tatsuya h 4 i ff, Yoshida Sh6in, V 4~i, Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1951, 2+168pp. In this recent study a "progressive" historian discovers in Yoshida Shoin a kindred soul, a revolutionist falsely accused of excessive "reverence for the emperor." To be used with caution, but it contains some interesting material on the Bakufu government, and its foreign contacts in their relation to Yoshida Shoin. 631. Hirose Yutaka. {~ ~, Kaitei Yoshida Sh6in no kenkyu J, d ~ ~t 7. m (Studies on Yoshida Sh6in, revised), T6kyo, Musashino Shoin, 1930; rev. ed., 1932, 2+14+4+418pp. Serious studies of Yoshida Sh6in's life and works. The emphasis is on educational thought (there is a comparison with Pestalozzi) and on practical philosophy. The last section is devoted to biographical data culled from all the nooks and crannies of Japan that bear descendants or manuscripts related to Yoshida Shoin. 632. Hiraizumi Kiyoshi - k- A and Terada G6 k~ i '}, eds., Ohashi Totsuan sensei zenshu tl ~~% ~ii (The complete works of Ohashi Totsuan), T5kyo, Shibundo, 1938, 2v. An important Shushi school "royalist." 633. Terada G6 4. i1, Ohashi Totsuan sensei-den j& ~, L / (The biography of Ohashi Totsuan), T6kyo, Shibundo, 1936, 2+6+5+336pp. The most authoritative biography by a disciple of Hiraizumi Ch6, based on Ohashi's own works and firsthand accounts of his life from his friends. A bibliography of his works is appended. b. Y6mei The Y6mei school takes its name from the style (tzu) of the Ming Dynasty Chinese philosopher Wang Shoujen A - (1472-1528), Yang-ming V& al, which in Japanese is pronounced Y6mei. As in China the school is a reaction against the official Shushi philosophy and tends away from authoritarianism towards individualism. The thinkers have been listed chronologically. 634. Toju Shoin ~ t ffi, ed., T6ju sensei zenshau t - % /T (The complete works of [Nakae] Toju), Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1940, 5v. Appended are a year-by-year biography, a list of important actions of this famous Yomei philosopher, and biographies of his disciples and those who have studied him. 635. Nishi Shin'ichir5o 4 -, Tojugaku kowa I 4 (Lectures on [Nakae] Toju's philosophy), T6ky6, Meguro Shoten, 1941, 314pp. A careful analysis of Nakae Toju's thought by a creative ethicist who is not working as a historian but rather as a sectarian of his subject's philosophy. The various elements -- Neo-Confucianist, Wang Yangming, philological and others -- are well explained and their Japanese originality is well brought out. 636. Takahashi Shunj6 A i/t "', Nakae Toju t t tv, T6ky5, Kobundo, 1942, 160pp. The reasons for Nakae T6ju's rupture with the Shushi school and his gradual evolution towards a "Japanizing" of his thought. Contains a discussion of the Zenkoron and of the influence of Nakae Toju on such thinkers as Kumazawa Banzan and Fuchi K6zano 637. Masamune Atsuo II- tU', ed., Banzan zenshu + D /Z4 (The complete works of Kumazawa Banzan), T6ky6, Banzan Zenshu Kank6kai, 1940-1942, 6v. Some biographical material is appended to this collection. 638. Yamada Jun " k _, trans. and ed., Senshind6 sakki T,~': \ 1t, Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1941, 470pp. A famous work by Oshio Chisai (Heihachiro), the Tokugawa social reformer who lost his life when he raised troops in Osaka to help the suffering during the Temp6 famine (1833-1838). Gives his moral reflections and random notes. 639. Koda Narutomo 6, 5shio Heihachir6o 7- A / -tp, T6ado Shobo, 1910, 355+83pp. The best book about the life and thought of this social reformer of the Y6mei school. The author is a famous historian. 640. Yamada Jun JA \1 t, Oshio Chusai; Sat5 Issai ~f~ i. AX J, Tokyo, Keibunsha, 1939, 3+8+149+ 2+52pp. Attention is given mainly to Oshio Chusai in this short but interesting book on two social reformers of the Yomei school at the end of the Tokugawa period.

Page  55 CONFUCIANISM 55 64 1. Yamada Jun 6)-, l7 k, Goyumi Yasujir5 ~-:lV- -J, eds., Genshi shiroku ' t-,- T~ky5, Iwanami Shoten, 1935, '444pp. Essays of Sat Issai, an eclectic Conifucianist, externally Shushi, internally Y6mei. They were a source of moral inspiration for patriotic scholars to the end of the Tokugawa period. 642. Takase Daijir6 ~t 4\ '/,~71z ~, Sat Issai to sono monjin kvrf Ajc (Sat Issai and his disciples), T6ky6, Nan'y6dd, 1922, 41+4+16+4+12+869+2pp. A study of the lif e and works, especially of the Genshi shirou of Sat Issai and of his inf luence. Included are short biographies of about 30 of his disciples. The only serious work on this author. 643. Yamada Jun. JA ~ ed.,YadaHkuzesi Q (The complete works of Yamada H6koku), Okayama, Yamada H~koku Zenshri Kank6kai, 1951, 3v. The complete works arranged according to subject. 644. Yamazaki Masatada JA~ Yokoi Sh~nan-den4 ik4 (The biography of Yokoi Sh6nan), TVky6, Nisshin Shoin, 1942, 3v. The biography of the founder of Jitsugaku ("practical science") and pioneer of Western learning in Japan. 645. YokoiTokio ~,Yokoi Sh~nan ikU 7 (The posthumous works of Yokoi Sh~nan), TUky6, Nisshin Shoin, 1942, 6+3+32+962pp. A short biography is affixed. 646. Keigaku-kai I~,~jO (Keigaku Society), ed.., Hashimoto Keigaku zenshil5 ~ 44 (The complete works of Hashimoto Keigaku), T~ky5, Unebi Shob5, 1943, 2v. A year-by-year biography and complete index are appended to the collected works, chronologically arranged, of Hashimoto Keigaku (1834-1859), a disciple of Yokoi Sh6nan. c. Kogaku The Kogaku school is the "archaeological" school of Tokugawa Confucianism. Its members are difficult to characterize, except that they are all philologists interested in re-interpreting ancient Confucian texts in the light of their philological researches. 647. Hirose Yutaka, ed.,. Yamaga, Sok6 zenshii Ji (r{'4C 4 (The complete works of Yamaga Sok6), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1940-41, 15v. Year-by-year biographies of Yamaga Sok6 and his family are given in this complete works of the midTokugawa scholar famous for his works on Bushid6. 648. Hori Isao ~&T _, Yamaga Sok6 )-~ ~r((, [in Jimbutsu saikent6 sboshoA$ (Collection for the Reexamination of Personages)], T6ky6, Hakuy6sha, 1938, 2v. A general, objective view of the thought of Yamaga Sok5 and a good appreciation of his place and importance in the history of Tokugawa ideology. 649. Kiyohara Sadao /f, Shis5-teki senkakusha to shite no Yamaga Sok6 W-t_0 il l? /V(Yamaga Sok5 as an intellectual pioneer), T6ky5, Fujii Shoten, 1930, 2l2pp. An essay on the place of Yamaga Sok5 in the history of Japanese thought, with sections devoted to the combination of Confucianism and Bushid6 which he effected and to his Japanizing of Confucianism. 650. Nakayama Kyiishir6 ~'!A~ ~ VP j, Yamaga Sok5 JA, T~ky6, Keibunsha, 1939, 2+3+l95pp. Primarily a biography, written ~y an authority on Japanese Confucianism, this short book contains particularly good information on Yamaga Sok6',s influence on succeeding generations up until the Meiji period and also on his educational theories. A year-by-year biography is appended. 651. Kat6 Jimpei, Yamaga Sok5 no ky6iku shis5d ')44-W (The educational thought of Yamaga Sok6), Tfky6, Meguro Shoten, 1934, 4+6+3l3pp. The feudalistic, Bushidd-centered educational theories of this forceful and original thinker are presented within the framework of his philosophy. 652. Takeuchi Matsuji R,It Jinsai,?4 i T~ky6, Sh6kasha, 1896, 8+l28+l6pp. The first modern work on It6 Jinsai, it contains studies of his life and thought, a comparison with Ogyfl Sorai, a year-by-year biography, etc. Some of 1t5 Jinsai' s most important works are given in an appendix. Not too scholarly. 653. Masuzawa Shuku O~ 4/T Ito Jinsai to sono ky~iku M~{-~ 6 I6 Jinsai and his theories of education), T6ky6, Meiji Shppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1919, 16+162pp. The author has used material found in Jinsal' s Ky6to home (and school), not elsewhere exploited.

Page  56 56 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 654. Kat6 Jimpei Z 't \=-^, Ito Jinsai no gakumon to ky6iku W4 j 4i1 o)r'] T (The learning and theories on education of It6 Jinsai), T6ky6, Meguro Shoten, 1940, 908pp. One of the rare studies on Ito Jinsai, it covers his general thought as well as his theories on education. 655. Kamei Nobuaki 4{ d f, ed., Kembundan-so t!~>H (Things seen, heard, and said), T6ky5, Iwanami Shoten, 1940, 308pp. A carefully annotated edition of the reflections on certain aspects of Japanese history, legends, Confucianism, haiku, n6 and the tea ceremony, written originally by It6 Baiu, the second son of It6 Jinsai. 656. Iwahashi Junsei ~ ~ ~:_, Sorai kenkyu Ad l ~ (Studies on [Ogyu] Sorai), Toky6, Seki Shoin, 1934, 554pp. Thorough studies of Ogyu Sorai's thought and philology; the former is considered under the headings of ethical, educational, and political thought and all are carefully analyzed and placed in the perspective of Tokugawa Confucianism. 657. Nomura Kentar6 t %, Ogyu Sorai f t ^4, T6ky6, Sanseid6, 1934, 2+3+2+212pp. The social and economic thougt of Ogy Sorai who is considered by the author of this important book to be the founder of Japanese social sciences. The contemporary background and life of Ogyu Sorai are also well covered. d. Independent Thinkers A large group of men has been included here whose Confucianism is not always their most outstanding characteristic; they are social scientists, agricultural reformers, popular ethicists. Tradition has labeled them "Confucianists" (jusha J!-t, a much broader term than is usually meant by "Confucianist") and that is why they have been included here. 1) Miura Baien 658. Baien-kai t 1 /& (Baien Society), ed., Baien zenshiu A!i/ (The collected works of Miura Baien), 1911, 2v, A year-by-year biography and a chronological list of Miura Baien' s works are given in this collection as well as a useful bibliography of studies on this Tokugawa thinker. 659. Saegusa Hiroto 3t_ 4 -iU, ed., Miura Baien-shiu _ id' t (A collection of Miura Baien's works), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1953, 148pp. Commentaries on portions of the most important works (dealing mainly with economics) of Miura Baien. Selections are given from Kagen, his master-piece Gengo, and his letters. 660. Ono Seiichi H — i A -, Miura Baien shokanshu - ~'t 1 l s!- (The collected letters of Miura Baien), Toky6, Daiichi Shob6, 1943, 1+22+359pp. The second part of this collection contains a biography of Miura Baien. 661. Saegusa Hiroto - W-4, Miura Baien no tetsugaku -,'}~ ~ A T (The philosophy of Miura Baien), Toky6, Daiichi Shob6, 1941, 4+820pp. Not a general view of Miura Baien's philosophy, but a detailed, specialized study of his Gengo, with comparisons with Western philosophy. 662. Saegusa Hiroto -_ -9 6, Baien tetsugaku nyumon tt 4 \-i (Introduction to the study of Baien philosophy), Toky6, Daiichi Shob6, 1943, 249pp. Supplements the author's specialized work above with a general view of Miura Baien's philosophy and a short biography. The letters written to his disciples are included; Chinese is translated into modern Japanese. 2) The Sat6 Family 663. Takimoto Seiichi: / ( -, ed., Sato Nobuhiro kagaku zenshu AXv t.r 4 ~/. (The collected works of the hereditary learning of Sat5 Nobuhiro), Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1925-26, 3v. The medical, botanical, agricultural, and administrative works of the Sat6 family. 664. Hani Goro 1 If\- 3-, Sato Nobuhiro ni kansuru kisoteki kenkyiu lt t( - Io` ] V +1 ) ZA 0 L (Basic studies on Sato Nobuhiro), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1929, 209pp. F The most scholarly study of the life and thought of Sato Nobuhiro; all historical materials are assembled and used critically. 665. Tokita Ekichi 4 V! -, Sat6 Nobuhiro X-A k I- A, T6ky6, Taikand6, 1941, 9+414pp. Perhaps the best, most comprehensive work on Sat6 Nobuhiro; the historian-author, by bringing together Sato's works which were very widely scattered in several libraries and shrines, has done an extraordinary job of reconstructing his theories and tracing their development during his life. A bibliography of the works of five generations of the Sato family and a year-by-year biography of Sato Nobuhiro are appended.

Page  57 CONFUCIANISM 57 666. Ono Takeo /II', ik#, Sat Nobuhiro Ak, T~ky5, Sanseid6, 1934, 2+3+2+246pp. An excellent work by an agricultural economic historian on the more specialized aspects of Sat Nobuhiro's5 economic and administrative theories. 667. Nakajima Kur6, Sat5 Nobuhiro no shis5 ki-t - ~Mo (The thought of Sat5 Nobuhiro), T~ky5, Hokkai Shuppansha, 1941, 4i+2+188pp. Discusses the life, theories of social reform, agronomy, Shint6 festivals, politics, and national defense, and the scientific and eclectic characteristics of the thought of Sat6 Nobuhiro. 3) Ninomiya Sontoku 668. Sasai Shintar6 J/it / A3,edNnmyaSnouzesi (The complete works of Ninomiya Sontoku), Shizuoka, Ninomiya Sontoku Igy6 Sen' y6kai, 1932, 36v. Some of the works of Ninomiya Sontoku' s disciples are collected in the last (36th) volume of this complete works. 669. Fukuzumi Masae Ai -X Ninomiya-6 yawa ~ Z_ 4t (The Yawa of Ninomiya Sontoku), ed. by Sasai Shintar6 4&~4 1 T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1933, 2l17pp. Fukuzumi Masae followed Ninomiya from the time he was 22 years old to his 26th year and then, after having practised Ninomiya' s philosophy, at 50 he assembled his memories and notes of the master' s words and actions and set them down in this book. Important source material for the study of Ninomiya Sontoku. 670. Tomita Kakei V, X, H6tokuki 4&~ L (Record of a sense of gratitude), ed. by Sasai Shintar6 i-&z:,F T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1933, 252pp. Ninomiya Sontoku' s biography written by the man who knew him best and who was his disciple for more than eighteen years. 671. Sasai Shintar6 Ori `'L ~ k~, Ninomiya Sontoku-den (A biography of Ninomiya Sontoku), T6ky6, Nihon Hy6ronsha, 1935, 1 ~+635pp. One of the rare biographies written after the publication of the Zenshii (entry 668), which makes it much richer in accurate materials taken directly from contemporary documents; good both for Ninomiya' s life and for his ideas concerning the "salvation of the agricultural village." 672. Sasai Shintar6 5 Ninomiya Sontoku kenkya 1 ~ (Studies in Ninomiya Sontoku), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1927; ed 5, 1937, 5+7i+714'pp. Studies in Ninomiya viewed as a practical theorist of Japanese social policies; the h6toku theories are most thoroughly discussed. A bibliography of materials on h6toku and a year-by-year biography of Ninomiya are appended. 673. Hattori Bennosuke ~~i -t Ninomiya Sontoku no tetsugaku ' I( (The philosophy of Ninomiya Sontoku), T~ky6, Shakai Shis6 Kenkytikai Shuppambu, 1952, 218pp. Ninomiya Sontoku is presented as a great pragmatist and alifost nothing is said about the feudalistic elements in his thought. 674. Okudaira Sh6ichi ~c- Sontoku zenden T (The complete biography of Ninomiya Sontoku), T6ky6, Shunjdlsha, 1937, 456pp. 675. Okutani Matsuji 40 Ninomiya Sontoku to H6tokusha und6 - ~ 4&~-~~ (Ninomiya Sontoku and the H6tokusha movement), T6ky6, KMy5 Shoin, 1936, 338pp. Unlike most of the books devoted to Ninomiya Sontoku, this study is concerned almost exclusively with the practical realizations of Ninomiya' s doctrine, his methods of saving the agricultural villages called and the economic basis for his h6toku philosophy. 676. Shitahodo Yiikichi { II- 'I F Ninomiya Sontoku genjitsu to jissen ~ ~~~ j~~~~ (Ninomiya Sontoku: reality and practicality), T6iky6, Ko-bund6, 194-2, 396pp. Eight chapters on various aspects of Ninomiya' s philosophy: his agricultural theories, his spiritual and educational theories, his record as administrator, his place in history, etc. 677. Shitahodo Yiikichi 1 4,, Tend5 to jind5: Ninomiya Sontoku no tetsugaku K&J- j - O (The way of heaven and the way of man: the philosophy of Ninomiya Sontoku), T6ky5, Iwanami Shoten, 1942, 242pp. A phenomenological study of Ninomiya' s thought by a student of Western philosophy. He divides his book into Heaven, Earth, and Man, and tries to show how Ninomiya copes with the philosophical problems associated with these three domains. 4) Shingaku

Page  58 58 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 678. Ishida Baigan; \,:lW edo by Adachi Ritsuen X-I-T 1, Tohi mond6o t, Q ~ (Questions and answers on city and country), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 4v. One of the most important works of the founder of the Shingaku movement, Ishida Baigan, in a good and convenient edition. 679. Ueda Mannen 1- If Ad, Kyuo dowa zenshiu % fi^J /r (The complete moral discourses of [Shibata]Kyo6), T6ky6, Fuzamb6, 1926, 4+2+228pp. A collection of the works of the most important disciple of Ishida Baigan. 680. Shiraishi Masakuni,f; _ At, ed., Tejima Toan Shingaku-shiu t- j $t, L'-l (The Shingaku works of Tejima Toan), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1934, 138pp. Tejima Toan was a Ky6to merchant and important popularizer of ch6nin ethical philosophy. 681. Adachi Soen /~ TSt, ed., Kinsei tokuiku Shingakushi-y6o,?__ |-r{ ~5:L (Modern moral education: an outline history of Shingaku), T6ky6, Ubunkan, 1899, 2+4+234pp. After explaining the eclectic origins and the elements of Shingaku thought, the author lists, in chronological order, the main Shingaku figures and gives short biographies of them and introductions to their thought and works. 682. Ishikawa Ken Ad "} ', Ishida Baigan T p kV, T6ky6, Bunky6 Shoin, 1943, 7+222pp. The development of the early Shingaku philosophy is described in the discussion of the life And philosophy of its founder. Includes a study of Baigan's master-piece, Ih6roku, and selections from the original text. 683. Ishikawa Ken / v\},, Shingaku ky6ka no honshitsu narabi ni hattatsu,t.' x _ (; -- t-x, (The development and essence of Shingaku education), T6ky6, Sh6kasha, 1931, 6+2+10+354pp. This book by an authority in the field of Shingaku studies is divided into four parts. The first three deal with the spirit of Shingaku education from the point of view of its historical development, the vestiges of Shingaku, and the spreading of the Shingaku schools. The last section is devoted to the letters of Nakazawa D6ji. 684. Ishikawa Ken a '' A, Sekimon Shingakushi no kenkyu; a1' (\;' o7, t (Studies in the history of Shingaku), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1938, 1502pp. A very, rich collection of studies on the remaining diaries, letters, and records of the Shingaku movement, on the thought control policies of the provincial Shogunate governors, the regulations of the Shingaku schools, their spread, etc. Ishida's Shingaku movement was called Sekimon Shingaku, to distinguish it from Y6mei and Shushi Confucianism, which too were sometimes called Shingaku. The seki in Sekimon is the pronunciation borrowed from Chinese for the ishi found in Ishida's name. 5) Others 685. Honj6 Eijir6 $ R' g~>Z, ed., Honda Toshiaki-shii i 'f\ (A collection of works by Honda Toshiaki), Toky6, Seibund6, 1935, 404pp. Works on government by this mid-Tokugawa original thinker with clear and learned explanations of his life, his thought, and his place in the history of economic theory. 686. Tanimura Ichitaro,- A4- tp, ed., Seiryo ikoshu fidi (The collected posthumous papers of [Kaiho] Seiryo), Tokyo, Kokuhon Shuppansha,1935, 246pp. Three miscellaneous unpublished works of Kaiho Seiryo with a short biography and commentary. 687. B6ch5 Shidankai i ~/~./k (The Boch6 Area Society for Discussions of History), Kaiho Seiry6 icho hg^.1l. _j (The posthumous writings of Kaiho Seiryo), Yamaguchi, B6cho Shidankai, 1936, 99pp. Includes a commentary by Ogawa Sabur6 to these five essays dealing with political and administrative problems. 688. Watanabe Tait5o 2 ~-, Ando Shoeki to Shizen shin'eid6o _ V 4 a ' - # L (And6 Sh6eki and the Shizen shin'eid6), T6ky6, Mokuseisha, 1930, 329pp. A study of a portion of the almost only remaining work by this mid-Tokugawa critic of the Confucianists and agricultural theorist. A valuable work. 689. E. H. Norman. H. / - z >, Wasurerareta shis6ka: And6 Sh6eki. 2. t(q, Lt e- _ -, - - t \ (A forgotten thinker: And6 Sh6eki), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1950, 2v. The best general work on this author, the first volume includes a study of the Tokugawa feudal society in which And6 Sh6eki lived; the second volume discusses his method and works, his ideal society, and his influence. An appendix contains a bibliography. Also published in English under the title Ando Shoeki and the anatomy of Japanese feudalism, Tokyo, Kyobunkan, 1949. 690. Ishihama Juntaro e:X +$ r V, Tominaga Chuki %;</\, A, Osaka, Sogensha, 1940, 2+227pp. A good, general introduction to the life and works of this original Tokugawa Confucianist by a Sinologist.

Page  59 BUSHIDO, KOKUGAKU AND YOGAKU 59 691. Yamamoto Yutaka -\ IC, ed., Hayashi Shihei zenshiu:4 }/ (The complete works of Hayashi Shihei), T6ky6, Seikatsusha, 1943-1946, 3v. Hayashi Shihei was an important political and military thinker of the period of isolation. 692. Mishima Kichitar6o - j; -, ed., Zoho k5tei Gamo Kumpei zenshiu -t*f k-f 7/:t (The complete works of Gam6 Kumpei, enlarged and annotated), T6ky6, Gam5 Kumpei Zenshu Kank6kai, 1933, 659pp. Gam5 Kumpei was not an important thinker as such, but a central figure in the movement for the restoration of the emperor. 693. Hoashi Kinen Toshokan,_.?, _ t ( (The Hoashi Memorial Library), ed., Hoashi Banri zenshu r,~ ti/' (The complete works of Hoashi Banri), Oita, Hoashi Kinen Toshokan, 1925, 2v. There is a short biography, a commentary, and a year-by-year biography appended to this collection. 694. Chiba-ken Ky6ikukai -~ i,/C (The Chiba Prefecture Education Association), ed., Ohara Yugaku zenshu -~.jtJ,(The complete works of Ohara Yfgaku), Chiba, Chiba-ken Ky6ikukai, 1943, 1017pp. The complete works of an agricultural reformer who was forced to commit suicide by the Tokugawa shogunate. 695. Takakura Teru / f, t/L, Ohara Yagaku k,., T6ky6, Kensetsusha, 1940, 242pp. An interesting book on Ohara Yugaku's biography and agricultural theories by a Communist writer.

Bushido, Kokugaku and Yogaku

pp. 59-66

Page  59 V. BUSHIDO, KOKUGAKU, AND YOGAKU The three topics included in this section have been put together somewhat gratuitously, since their relations, aside from being vaguely contemporaneous in the mid and late Tokugawa period, are tenuous. The only excuse is that they are all distinguished from Confucianism, their most important competitor. They are given here in an approximately chronological order. 1. BUSHIDO Bushido is an important aspect of the "history of Japanese morality," beginning in the Sengoku period and continuing down to our own times. In section a,we have collected the various series devoted to Bushid6 and a number of important primary sources. In b, "Historical Studies," the works of Hashimoto Minoru are to be especially recommended. a. Sources 696. Inoue Tetsujir6o t i 3 ' and Arima Sukemasa 8 t: _, ed., Bushid6 s6sho i tit ( (Series on Bushido), Tokyo, Hakubunkan, 1905-06, 3v. Contains writings on Bushido by such men as Nakae Toju, Kumazawa Banzan, Yamaga Soko, etc., etc. Brief commentaries are added. Cf. Hall, 477. 697. Inoue Tetsujiro 4t ~ > t and Ueki Naoichiro t- p, ed., Bushid6 zensho it' K4 (A compendium of Bushido), Tokyo, Jidaisha, 1942-43, 2v. A collection of writings on military matters from the Sengoku period to the last war, including imperial orders to military men, poems, historical records, etc. Volume one contains an introduction to Bushid6 by Inoue Tetsujiro and volume 12 a history of Bushid5 by Saeki Ariyoshi. Each volume has commentaries by the editors. Cf. Hall, 1435. 698. Ryui Shuku -~ 1l, tr., Azuma kagami -:tPL (Mirror of the east), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 10v. A translation and annotation of this important chronicle in Chinese of the Kamakura shogunate. It contains invaluable records of the spirit, life, and actions of the Kamakura warriors. 699. Furukawa Tesshi i! -'I, ed., Koyo gunkan T T 4 (The military mirror for Kai province), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1950, 202pp. This is an edition of the fundamental text of the military school of Takeda Shingen which was purportedly written by Kosaka Masanobu. It is the grandfather of all books on Bushid6, this word appearing in it for the first time. 700. Yamanmoto Jocho j)A b and Tashiro Jinki TV,V ed.; Oki Yodo 7 t I, commentator, Nabeshima rongo Hagakure zensho 6t f / t (The Nabeshima analects: Hagakure zensho), T6ky6, Ky6zaisha, ed.2, 1938, 2v. An important source for the study of Bushid6 under Zen inspiration written "in retirement" by a Zen priest from Saga (formerly the Nabeshima fief) who lived from 1659 to 1719. The work describes the everyday life of the ideal warrior. b. Historical studies

Page  60 60 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 701. Yamaoka Tesshfi i\\^-. ~, as told to Abe Masato-^ /(_, ed., Bushido5 J, Tokyo, Dait6 Shuppansha, 1940, 226pp. The chief work of the bushi in charge of the Meiji emperor's military education, it contains an appreciation by the famous late Tokugawa and Meiji military figure, Katsu Kaishi. 702. Hashimoto Minoru W~, Bushid5 shiyo J',t) (The essentials of Bushid5 history), T6ky5, DaiNippon Kyoka Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha, 1943, 3+6+333pp. A very useful and clearly written general view of the evolution of Bushid6 from antiquity to the Meiji period; the special quality of Bushido in the Kamakura, Muromachi, and Tokugawa periods is also covered. 703. Nagayoshi Jiro i ~ -t3, Nihon Bushidoshi $'j (The history of Japanese Bushid6), Toky6, Chubunkan, 1932, 2+2+3+7+295+16pp. Bushido seen as an element of national morality and traced from antiquity to modern times by quoting famous military men and the military theories of famous thinkers. The Imperial Rescript on Education is used as material for the explanation of modern Bushido. Cf. Hall, 1437. 704. Hashimoto Minoru t -, Nihon Bushidoshi s3' N (The history of Japanese Bushido), Tokyo, Chijin Shokan, 1940, 2+4+246pp. This is not a simple praise of Bushido, but an attempt to see its relations with Japanese ethics and other branches of Japanese thought. The following subjects are covered: the origins of Bushid6 in the Japanese people's character, the establishment of the bushi society, the relationship between Zen and the bushi in the Kamakura period, and Tokugawa Confucianist ethics and Bushido. 705. Ishida Bunshiro a \h i u' ^3, Nihon Bushidoshi no taikeiteki kenkya W t Am > (Systematic studies of Japanese Bushido histdry), Tokyo, Kyobunsha, 1944, 3+3+3+25+612+19pp. A rare comprehensive historical study of Bushido from very earliest times to the post-Meiji period, with emphasis on its relations with the imperial house. There is a good historical explanation of the Meiji imperial rescripts on military matters. 706. Watanabe Yosuke -^&tS;k and Yashiro Kuniharu it< \ j A, Musashi bushi $', Tokyo, Hakubunkan, 1913, 37+384+4pp. The history of the origins of the bushi class. 707. Sakata Yoshio.f; Ji., Sengoku bushi A ~ ' - (The bushi of the Sengoku period), Toky6, Kobundo, 1954, 220pp. An important work which treats the origins of the modern bushi class in its historical background; it studies the break-up of the old order during the chaos of the Sengoku period (late 15th century and almost all of the 16th century) and the establishment of the new order at the end of that period, with the reasons for its success and stability. 708. Saito Tokutar6 5 %.!, Nijuroku taihan no hangaku to shifu -t a Af e (AL> (The clan learning and bushi customs of the twenty-six great clans), Osaka, Zenkoku Shobo, 1944, 12+758pp. The educators and educational tendencies of the feudal clans and their influence. The education of the bushi is specially treated. 709. Nitobe Inaz5o ' i f,, Bushid6o ' - jL, tr. by Yanaibara Tadao ^1$ Af, T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1938, 148pp. This is a Japanese translation of Nitobe's famous book on Bushido in English, interesting from the point of view of Meiji thought history. 710. Watari Sh6zabur6o p p, Nihon butokuron t*~- (Japanese military virtue), T6ky6, Chubunkan, 1933, 336pp. An essay on pre-war Bushido. 2. KOKUGAKU Kokugaku was essentially, at its origins, a philological movement aiming at the re-interpretation of Japan's ancient classics. It was therefore, at the same time, more nationalistic than Buddhism or Confucianism — whose philosophy and religion came from abroad — and has been one of the traditional origins of nationalistic movements. That is one of the reasons why we have so many works, and especially reference works, dealing with the subject. a. Reference Materials 711. Nihon kokusui zensho x\3~ 1 ~/~ (Complete collection of Japanese patriotic writings), T6kyo, Nihon Kokusui Zensho Kankokai, 1915-17, 24v. Documents expressing patriotic sentiment but with emphasis on those from the Kokugaku school. Cf. Hall, 481,

Page  61 BUSHIDO, KOKUGAKU,AND YOGAKU 61 712. Ozawa Masatane,'- 4 J~ULU, ed., Keich6 irai Kokugakuka ryakuden t_, ~ 1t ^, -4 (Short biographies of Kokugaku scholars since the Keich6 period), T6ky6, Kokk6sha, 1900, 781pp. About 500 Kokugaku scholars from 1596 to 1912 are included with their biographies and lists of their works. 713. Itsumi Nobusabur6o ^ ktt j, ed., Keich6 irai Kokugakusha shiden i A<4 t',{4 (The biographies of the Kokugaku scholars from the Keicho period on), Tokyo, Seizando Shobo, 1912, 256+29pp. Similar to the preceding, but less detailed; contains charts and chronologies of the different schools besides very short biographies of individuals. 714. Seki Ryuji Wl] t l, ed., Kokugakusha chojutsu s6ran ) 5 -. ' (A general view of the writings of the Kokugaku scholars), Tokyo, Morikita Shoten, 1943, 293pp. A list of more than 500 scholars, arranged in the order of the syllabary, with short biographies, school affiliations, and bibliographies. Includes extremely useful indices of personal names and titles. 715. Okawa Shigeo ~t I' A and Minami Shigeki et7 ~4, ed., Kokugakusha denki shusei 160fiU (A compendium of the biographies of the Kokugaku scholars), T6ky6, Dai-Nihon Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha, 1904, 6+12+10+1700+13+30pp.; also, Kokuhon Shuppansha, 1934, 3v. One of the most complete lists of Kokugaku scholars with their affiliations and contemporary evaluations of their works. 716. Kond6 Kiyoshi ~-e /,{, Kokugaku bunken shukai ]~ f (An annotated collection of Kokugaku writings), T5kyo, Chuo Koronsha, 1944, 21+391pp. The most important works of the central Kokugaku scholars,those of the Aichi-ken school, Motoori Norinaga, and Kamo Mabuchi, are here assembled and commented upon. The works are divided into three sections: letters, writings concerning the Man'y6shii, and studies of ancient poetry. 717. Nishi Shin'ichir6 5 -12 - and Isono Kiyoshi k Tv, Daihy6-teki Kokugakusha no Nihon seishinkan < 'O ^i ~ % ) ~ ~ f ~ JL (The views of representative Kokugaku scholars concerning the Japanese spirit), Toky6, Meiji Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha, 1936, 403pp. Kamo Mabuchi's Kokuiko, Motoori Norinaga's Naobi no mitama and Hirata Atsutane's Kodo taii, with commentaries. 718. Denki Gakkai \' t (Biographical Society), ed., Kokugakusha kenkyu 1^ l 9 (Studies on the Kokugaku scholars), T6ky6, Hokkai Shuppansha, 1943, 2+472+2pp. Contains biographies and analyses of the thought of about 27 Kokugaku scholars, including many not covered by other studies, by a group of specialists. b. Historical Studies 719. Nomura Hachir6o ~ JP/, Kokugaku zenshi ]~ ~_ (A complete history of Kokugaku), T6ky6, Yukodo, 1940, 2v. The best complete history of the Kokugaku movement, it covers all important aspects from Keichuil to Hirata Atsutane. Cf. Hall, 1445. 720. Kiyohara Sadao;5 lIt Em, Kokugaku hattatsushi g t'.t- (History of the development of Kokugaku), Tokyo, Rokubunkan, 1931, 3+2+10+410+12pp.; also, ed. 2, Unebi Shobo, 1940. The originality of this history is that it contains long sections on the pre-Tokugawa origins of the Kokugaku movement. The Tokugawa period is also covered competently, and the individual thinkers are well discussed. Cf. Hall, 1444. 721. Nomura Hachiro 6t. zX ~, Kokugaku shis6shi 1 9r*_ (The history of Kokugaku thought), T6kyo, Meiseid6, 1943, 230pp. A handy glance at the evolution of Kokugaku thought and a discussion of the main figures. 722. It6 Tasabur6o, Kokugaku no shiteki k6satsu At o t _ ~ - (A historical study of Kokugaku), T6ky6, Ookayama Shoten, 1932, 425pp. Very important essays on various facets of Kokugaku history, its relation to Confucianism, medieval poetry, feudal society, merchant (ch6nin) society, etc. Cf. Hall, 1443. 723. Hani Goro 61 4.- 3, Nihon ni okeru kindai shiso no zentei tf - 3 r'l A< 1 - -- j (The premise underlying modern thought in Japan), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1949, 4+208pp. A very original Marxist examination of Kokugaku as a humanistic revolt against upper-class Confucianism, paving the way for modern Japanese thought by emphasizing respect for the human individual. Cf. Hall, 1442.

Page  62 62 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 724. It6 Tasabur6 A f ) ~ e, S5mb no Kokugaku ~ ~ [t (Kokugaku among the common people), T6kyo, Hata Shoten, 1945, 2+242pp. A pioneer study in the popular absorption of Kokugaku thought during the Tokugawa. 725. Hisamatsu Sen'ichi - ~, Kokugaku: sono seiritsu to kokubungaku to no kankei |1 -t o.?PLt4 r I f1 rN (Kokugaku: its establishment and relationship with national literature), Toky6, Shibund6, 1941, 422pp. A collection of articles originally published in magazines or given as speeches on many aspects of Kokugaku. 726. Takeoka Katsuya Yf k1 0., Kinseishi no hatten to Kokugakusha no undo6 _ t f~ (I A I IT (The development of modern history and the Kokugaku movement), T6ky6, Shibund6, 1927, 4+2+364pp. One of the first works to study Kokugaku as a revolt against medieval Buddhism and Confucianism, its author has presented many of the key medieval theories and shown how they have been opposed with ancient theories patched up with newer ethical values. He shows, finally, how works of the Kokugaku scholars were received in the Meiji Restoration. 727. Miyake Kiyoshi -?, Kokugaku no gakuteki taikei 1 tI /,4/,4 (The organization of Kokugaku as scholarship), T6ky6, Hakuhdo6 Shuppambu, 1943, 2+2+459pp. A good study of Kokugaku as a philological movement, which was, of course, its most prominent aspect. 728. Saig6 Nobutsuna ~ $ if,, Kokugaku no hihan: h6ken ideor6gu no sekai i )t{f | —$di ) '-" & -- (A critique of Kokugaku: the world of feudal ideology), T6ky6, Aoyama Shoin, 1948, 216pp. Motoori Norinaga is seen as the center of the Kokugaku movement around whom circled Keichu, Mabuchi, Sorai, etc. The author shows the development from Kokugaku to ultra-Kokugaku, that is, to the ultra-nationalism of the Meiji and Sh6wa eras. 729. Yamada Yoshio Ji iVs f, Kokugaku no hongi ) v '7j; (The basic meaning of Kokugaku), T6ky6, Unebi Shob6, 1942, 227pp. The "meaning" of Kokugaku by a famous scholar of the Japanese language who considers himself a Kokugaku scholar. Very widely read during the war, it is moralistic in tone, explaining the various Confucian, ancient Japanese, and Buddhist elements in Kokugaku. Cf. Hall, 1446. 730. Shigematsu Nobuhiro - i' l At, Kokugaku shis6 # * Y-, — (Kokugaku thought)[ =Nihon shis6 taikei o$-%% (Outline of Japanese thought)], T6ky6, Ris6sha, 1943, 318pp. By a student of the preceding (Yamada Yoshio), this is a similar moralistic study, interesting for the importance Kokugaku still had as a moral force before the war. 731. Kono Sh6ozo: f ~, Kokugaku no kenkyiu F vt* (Studies in Kokugaku), T6ky6, Ookayama Shoten, 1932, 11+11+453pp. Kokugaku as an element of Japanese morality; various historical aspects are discussed, such as the origins and development of Kokugaku, "pure Shint6o" according to the Kokugaku scholars, etc. The best and most complete work from this point of view. c. Individual Thinkers 1) Kada Azumamaro 732. Inari Jinja * o k and Sakurai Sh6kichi, ed., Kada zenshu (The complete works of Kada [Azumamaro]), T6ky6, Yoshikawa K6bunkan, 1928-1931, 7v. One of the founders of the Kokugaku movement. 733. Miyake Kiyoshi _';, Kada Azumamaro T o k-, Toky6, Unebi Shob6, 1942, 4+6+626pp. An attempt to clarify the thought of a precursor of the Kokugaku movement known for his ambiguity and unsystematic thinking. The work concerns both the life and thought (in particular the theories on Shint6), and has a list of studies of Kada in an appendix. 2) Kamo Mabuchi 734. Kamo Momoki. < ~ ~, edo, Z6tei Kamo Mabuchi zenshiu Nn j /.-_, (The complete works of Kamo Mabuchi, enlarged and revised), under supervision of Sasaki Nobutsuna - H no 4, T6ky6, Yoshikawa K6bunkan, 1927-32, 12v, A short biography written by disciples, a year-by-year biography and a list of disciples are found in the first volume of this collection. 735. Koyama Tadashi - J, Kamo Mabuchi-den |, it (A biography of Kamo Mabuchi), Tokyo, Shunjusha, 1938, 18+16+1008pp. The most exact and complete biography, it is divided into five parts: the intellectual conditions of Hamamatsu, birth-place of Kamo Mabuchi; his biography; his thought and relationship with the Kokugaku movement; the activity of his disciples; and the influence of his teaching after his death.

Page  63 BUSHIDO, KOKUGAKU, AND YOGAKU 63 736. Oishi Arata t ft, Kamo Mabuchi i ( ', Osaka, Yanagihara Shoten, 1942, 4+3+332pp. An excellent study of the life and thought of Kamo Mabuchi by a specialist in the thought of the Kokugaku movement and a student of Muraoka Tsunetsugu. 737. Sasaki Nobutsuna kk -it/-,, Z6tei Kamo Mabuchi to Motoori Norinaga ^tCV,.(: '~ M t (Kamo Mabuchi and Motoori Norinaga: enlarged and revised), Tokyo, Yukawa Kobunsha, rev. and enl. ed., 1934, 3+4+ 226pp. A fairly early work by an authority on Japanese literature. Includes studies on Kamo Mabuchi, Kamo Mabuchi's letters, additions to Motoori Norinaga's biography, the Matsuzaka zakki and Motoori, Norinaga, and the study of the Man'y6shii. 3) Motoori Norinaga 738. Muraoka Tsunetsugu i'-l -- t, ed., Motoori Norinaga zenshiu 4-f t (The complete works of Motoori Norinaga), T6kyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1942-44, 6v. This was to be the most authoritative complete works of Motoori Norinaga, but unfortunately only six volumes were ever published. 739. Zoho Motoori Norinaga zenshiu vt l ^ (The complete works of Motoori Norinaga: enlarged), T6ky6, Yoshikawa K6bunkan, 1926-27, 1+12v. The prefatory volume contains year-by-year biographies of Motoori and his son and grandson, Haruniwa and Uchit6, and a list of his disciples. The last two volumes are devoted to his son and grandson, respectively. 740. Muraoka Tsunetsugu 1J: -:*, Motoori Norinaga 4 -I_, T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1942, 612ppo An essential book on Motoori Norinaga by a famous scholar, it contains studies of his biography, his thought, and its influence, and, in appendices, lists of historical materials and bibliography, Motoori's definition of the word kami, his interpretation of a passage in the "Hotaru" chapter of the Genji monogatari, etc. 741. Sasazuki Kiyomi -: f ~ ~, Motoori Norinaga no kenkyQu Q, 4 ^^T (Studies on Motoori Norinaga), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1944, 4+2+2+442pp. Motoori Norinaga considered both as a litterateur and as a moral philosopher. Includes articles on his learning, knowledge of languages, his commentary on the Kojiki, his Weltanschauung, and, in appendices, a short history of the study of the Kojiki and a year-by-year biography. 742. Yamada Kanz6o i) j tP, Motoori Norinaga-6 zenden ~;If 'I (The complete biography of the sage Motoori Norinaga), T6ky6, Shikai Shob6, 1938, 2+1+12+436+1+16pp. Using his letters and diary as the basis for this biography the author has given us a portrait of Motoori in his everyday life, his contacts with his friends, and his scholarly milieu. There is no attempt to analyze his thought. 4) Hirata Atsutane 743. Ueda Mannen Y- \-;~ and others, ed., Hirata Atsutane zenshiu f \k )t 4 t (The complete works of Hirata Atsutane), T6ky6, Naigai Shoseki Kabushiki Kaisha, 1932-, 15v. The complete works of this important Shint6 scholar and moralist. 744. Watanabe Kinz6o ^ 2-k-, Hirata Atsutane kenkyiu - W )} i, (Studies in Hirata Atsutane), Toky6, Rokk6 Shobo, 1943, 3+19+1193pp. A very complete and meticulous study of the life of Hirata Atsutane. The author has used letters and diaries and other basic historical materials preserved in the Hirata family and has reconstructed a good portrait of the character of his subject. 745. Yamada Yoshio LiA \x 41 9A, Hirata Atsutane ~!. )L, T6ky6, Hobunkan, ed. 3, 1943, 2+1+346pp. An excellent biography of Hirata Atsutane with emphasis on his role as a Shintoist and Kokugaku scholar. 746. Murota Taiichi J t-, Hirata Atsutane. H ~ ),, T6ky6, K6bundo, 1942, 146pp. An introductory study of Hirata Atsutane as a traditionalist and a study of his relation to the "four great" masters: Keichii, Kada Azumamaro, Kamo Mabuchi, and Motoori Norinaga. 747. Okino Iwasabur56 j ~ ' P, Hirata Atsutane to sono jidai ~ ~ < %( - o (Hirata Atsutane and his time), T6kyo, K6seikaku, ~943, 366pp. A biography of Hirata Atsutane considered in relation to the important events of his time; there is little said about his private life. A good study for the historical background of Hirata Atsutane's work. A very thorough year-by-year biography is appended.

Page  64 64 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 748. Akita-ken KenshaYataka Jinja H6sankai Jiret. ~ i- i t;/Ak (Society for the Rendering of Praise to the Prefectural Shrine of the Akita-kenYataka Jinja), ed., Hirata Atsutane hyakunensai kinen rombunshi Ad ~~, ~ -,^~ ~ (A collection of essays on the 100th memorial anniversary of Hirata Atsutane), T6ky6, Fuzambo, 1943, 180pp. An important group of essays by various specialists on all aspects of Hirata Atsutane's works. 5) Others 749. Sasaki Nobutsuna 0l = 4 V7, ed., Keichu zenshii: -/ Z (The complete works of Keichi), T5kyo, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1926-27, llv. To this collection of the works of this student of the Man' yshu are appended a biography, biographical materials, and the collected works of Shimok6be Ch6ryu, a pioneer in the study of the Japanese 31 -syllable poem (waka or tanka). 750. Ban Nobutomo t ~ I, Ban Nobutomo zenshiu Itf4* (The complete works of Ban Nobutomo), Tokyo, Kokusho Kankokai, 1907-09, 5v. The second volume contains biographical material on this Kokugaku scholar who worked in the linguistic and philological tradition of Motoori Norinaga. 751. Ishida Kumasabur6o ~k. %F @, Ban Nobutomo!4 [=Shin-Kokugaku sosho kit (A new Kokugaku collection), 12.2], T6kyo, Shun'yodo, 1944, 3+212pp. A study of Ban Nobutomo as a historiographer and philologist and an attempt to show his place in the evolution that led to the Meiji Restroation. A bibliography of works concerning the Kokugaku movement and a list of historical materials concerning Ban Nobutomo are appended. 752. Kat6 Takeo WF, Kokugakusha Tanikawa Kotosuga no kenkyu \^ F '-| I 69 AX % (Studies in the Kokugaku scholar Tanikawa Kotosuga), Toky5, Yukawa Kobunsha, 1934, 4+3+2+3+5+261+3pp. The first and best study of this independent scholar written (under the direction of Nishida Naojir6) by a doctor from Tanikawa Kotosuga's native place. The emphasis is on his thought (his view of Shint6 etc.), but his life is also covered in some detail. 753. Ogata Hiroyasu At z, Kaji Masasumi. 1t ^, Tokyo, Chuo6 Koronsha, 1944, 2+4+3+385pp. The biography, thodght, and a discussion of the works of this independent Tosa Kokugaku scholar of the imperial house and of the Man'yoshu. An annotated list of the works of Kaji Masasumi and a year-by-year biography are found in the appendix. 754. Kurokawa Shind6o. 'i,, ed., Kurokawa Mayori zensh5u g 'l) l,/ (The complete works of Kurokawa Mayori), Toky6, Kokusho Kank6kai, 1910-11, 6v. The complete works of this important philologist and historian of ancient society and culture and of the evolution of art and industry. 755. Ritsuri sensei zatcho ~gt,~{ (Miscellaneous works of Kurita Kan), T6ky6, Yoshikawa K6bunkan, 1901, 3v. A year-by-year biography and a list of the works of this early Meiji historian are given at the beginning of the first volume. 756. Ishimura Teikichi ~;.~ | ~, Ise Teij6o tf k t [in Shin-Kokugaku s6sho If, t (A new Kokugaku collection)], To-ky6, Shun' yodo, 1944, 179pp. A general work on all aspects of the life and works of Ise Teij6: his criticisms of the contemporary world, the origins of his particular doctrines, the yusoku kojitsu or ancient practices and customs, and his theories on Shint6. An annotated list of his works, charts of his spiritual lineage and descendants, and a year-by-year biography are appended. 757. Kinoshita Kaijun 'rJ.^>, ed., Suzuki Shigetane zenshu Z L $ (The complete works of Suzuki Shigetane), Suzuki Shigetane Sensei Gakutoku Ken'yokai, 1943, 13v. The complete works of the patriot and partisan of imperial rule, follower of Okuni Takamasa and Hirata Atsutane, Suzuki Shigetane. 758. Tachibana Jun'ichi A 4-, ed., Tachibana Moribe zenshiu i. / t (The complete works of Tachibana Moribe), T6ky6, Kokusho Kank6kai, 1920-22, 13v. This collection of the works and papers of an original Kokugaku scholar, opponent of Motoori Norinaga, contains a short biography and a discussion of his place in history in the prefatory volume. 759. Nomura Denshir6o g [, Okuni Takamasa zenshiiu (The complete works of Okuni Takamasa), Tokyo, Yukosha, 1937-39, 7v. The complete works of the follower of Hirata Atsutane who was very important for the emphasis given to Shinto in the government at the time of the Meiji Restoration.

Page  65 BUSHIDO, KOKUGAKU, AND YOGAKU 65 3. YOGAKU Most of the men associated with the school, or rather movement, called Y6gaku (literally, "ocean study" or "foreign study") are neither philosophers nor, much less, religious figures. They are almost all scientific men whose knowledge of Dutch (hence their association with a second term, Rangaku, Dutch studies) enabled them to study and translate the few Western books that found their way into Japan during the period of seclusion. Their importance in modern Japanese thought is so great, however, that a selection of works by themand about them has been included. a. Collections 760. Kokusho Kank6kai A a \'1\ /~, ed., Bummei genrya s6sho.-i.^ulM_ (A miscellany on the origins of enlightenment), T6ky6, Tosho Kankokai, 1912-13, 3v. A collection of some of the most important writings and translations of the early Yogaku and Rangaku scholars. 761. Saegusa Hiroto:-~, ed., Nihon kagaku koten zensho 3 $t.f/t (A complete collection of the classics of Japanese science), Toky6, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1942-49, 9v. Originally planned for 12 volumes, only 9 have appeared of this collection ~hich includes works relating to Japanese science (astronomy, botany, medicine, etc.) and technology. The first section is devoted to the theoretical bases of Japanese science, "scientific thought." 762. Kaikoku Hyakunen Kinen Bunka Jigyokai fI9 ^iL'~AJTI/ (Society for Cultural Works Memorializing the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Opening of the Country), ed., Sakoku jidai Nihonjin no kaigai chishiki: sekai chiri Seiy6shi ni kansuru bunken kaidai Af t, ' A- 4,Jk-' - -'~, - ~.-f|(The knowledge of foreign lands among the Japanese during the period of seclusion: an annotated bibliography of works concerning world geography and Western history), Tokyo, Kangensha, 1948, 15+498pp. A good list of the works that found their way into Japan from the West during the period of seclusion The book is divided into two parts, works dealing with geography and works dealing with history. Appended are a chronological chart of the bibliographical material and an index. b. Historical Studies 763. Takahashi Shin'ichi, i 7 -_, Yogaku-ron <t~t (An essay on Y6gaku), T6ky6, Mikasa Shob6, 1939, 224pp. The social and historical background of the "Western learning" of the Tokugawa period is well presented here, but with a tendency to modernize too much and neglect the feudalistic elements that still were important at the end of the Tokugawa. Cf. Hall, 1450. 764. lenaga Sabur6 tp, Gairai bunka sesshushi-ron ^! <4 (An essay on the history of the importation of foreign culiture), T6kyo, Iwasaki Shoten, 1948, 4+3+.'10pp. 7 An analysis of the motives the Japanese have had and the methods they have used to assimilate foreign culture, both from China and the rest of the East in the Middle Ages, and, especially, from the West in modern times. 765. Numada Jir6o ~ ~ k-, Bakumatsu Y6gakushi r ^ ^ _ (A history of I Au at the end of the shogunate), T6ky6, Toko Shoin, 1950, 2+276pp. A reaction against the tendency to consider only the progressive, anti-feudalist aspects of Yogaku, this essay studies some of the more conservative elements as well. There are chapters on Y6gaku in the shogunate, among the feudal lords and the common people, and the historical position of Yogaku at the end of the shogunate. Cf. Hall, 1449. 766. Osatake Takeshi {,iL- k~t, Kinsei Nihon no kokusai kannen no hattatsu x(r v M ~ ^e (The development of internationalism in modern Japan), T6ky5, Kyoritsusha, 1932, 149pp. How Japan gradually turned from the seclusionist nation of the Tokugawa period to a member of the family of nations during the Meiji, told by a famous historian of legal institutions. 767. T6ky6 Kagaku Hakubutsukan t, j t 4t 1 f" (T6ky6 Museum of Science), Edo jidai no kagaku +~l(t' ie (Science during the Edo period), T6kyo, Hakubunkan, 1934, 345+45pp. Useful studies on this important aspect of Y6gaku. Good index. c. Individual Thinkers 768. Hiraga Gennai Sensei Kenshokai t ' - ~ ~/ (Society Formed in Honor of the Master, Hiraga Gennai), ed., Hiraga Gennai zenshiu; - 7 ^ (The complete works of Hiraga Gennai), T6kyo, Hagiwara Seibunkan, 1935, 2v. A collection of the works, mainly satirical, of a Tokugawa scientist. 769. Suzuki Seisetsu t' t f, ed., Kazan zenshiu Gs& r (The complete works of [Watanabe] Kazan), Tokyo, Kazan S6sho Shuppankai, 1941, 749pp. A short biography is found in the first volume. Watanabe was Rangaku scholar of the Tokugawa era.

Page  66 66 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 770. Mori Senz6o f I, Watanabe Kazan,_L >, Tokyo, S6gensha, 1941, 320pp. The life and thought of Watanabe Kazan, with an interesting description of the shogunate's Bansha no goku or "imprisonment of the scholars of Western learning." 771. Tamura Eitar5o If ~to, Watanabe Kazan no hito to shis6o 5t kj Z-D- (Watanabe Kazan, the man and his thought), T6kyo, Konnichi no Mondaisha, 1943, 3+356pp. Contains good source material on its subject. 772. Takano Ch6ei zenshiu 5 4? / (The complete works of Takano Ch6ei), Iwate, Takano Choei Zenshui Kankokai, 1928-31, 4v. The first three volumes contain medical and military works, the last contains more philosophical essays. 773. Takano Choun ~7 Kilt, Takano Ch5ei-den t lr t' (A biography of Takano Ch6ei), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1943, 666pp. The best biography of this scholar of "western learning." 774. Ogata Tomio!.; H J, ed., Ogata Koan-den At. Ad k / (A biography of Ogata Koan), T6kyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1952, 336pp. An authoritative biography of this teacher of many of the outstanding men of the time of the Meiji Restoration.

Christianity

pp. 66-70

Page  66 VI. CHRISTIANITY Although the number of works published in Japan on Christianity each year is enormous, scholarly studies are relatively few. The following have been divided into those few works.concerning the general history of Christianity in Japan (the most complete is entry 777), the works devoted to the Catholic Church (we have conserved the term Kirishitan as a convenient means of referring to the earliest Catholic converts), and those devoted to the more recent Protestant missionaries and converts. 1. GENERAL HISTORIES 775. Yamamoto Shiuko A $ ', ed., Kinsei Nihon Kirisutoky6-shi a/i_ e 44k- t (The history of modern Japanese Christianity), T6ky6, Rakuyodo, 1922, 815pp. The history of Christianity in Japan from the act of seclusion under the Tokugawas to the raising of the interdiction against Christians during the Meiji period. The relations between the Buddhists, Shintoists, Confucianists, Rangaku scholars, and Christians are stressed as are the political aspects of the history. A good introduction. 776. Yamamoto Shiuko J, j-', Nihon Kirisutokyo-shi q, t 1 ' _ (A history of Japanese Christianity), Toky6, Rakuy6d6, 1918, 2v. The history of the Catholic church in Japan from its introduction to the act of seclusion. Mainly concerned with the political aspects, there are nevertheless detailed descriptions of the beliefs of various Japanese Christians. The volumes are divided at the Battle of Sekigahara. 777. Hiyane Yasusada ~i (t~U) c, Nihon Kirisutoky6-shi ~ 3, Lt (The history of Japanese Christianity), T6kyo, Kyobunkan, 1938-40, 5v. The most complete history of Christianity in Japan; the volumes cover the following periods: 1, 1549-60; 2, 1560-97; 3, 1597-1844; 4, 1844-89; and 5, 1889-1940. 2. KIRISHITAN AND CATHOLIC 778. Matsuzaki Minoru x J ~, Kirishitan senketsu isho tJ te - -JA (The testament of fresh Kirishitan blood), T6ky6, Kaiz6sha, 1926, 604pp. A re-edition of a work by a Meiji period missionary in Nagasaki describing the lives and religion of the Japanese Christian martyrs. 779. Mita Gensh5 L9 X, Kirishitan densho tA ^Hi 4 (Kirishitan tradition), T6ky6, K6seikaku, 1941, 10+ 10+294pp. The history of Christianity in Japan from 1549 until the end of the interdiction under Meiji, with emphasis on the kind of Catholicism imported into Japan from sixteenth century Europe, the changes it underwent when it reached the common people and the Kirishitan legacy to the Japanese character, literature, beliefs, and tales (monogatari). The author is a journalist who has done a good job of collecting materials and traditions that might very well have died out without his work. 780. Okada Akio )1 \ T ~, Kirishitan Bateren: fuky6 to zokushin 'o > a-?,' - A ~ kl' v (Christao pateren: the propagated religion and popular belief), T6ky6, Shibundo, 1955, 2+4+197pp. A popular work on early Catholic mission work and Japanese folk-religion.

Page  67 CHRISTIANITY 67 781. Muraoka Tsunetsugu 1t f-i -, ed., Kirishitan bungaku-sh6o t 4r# TF (A selection of Kirishitan literature), Toky6, Kaiz6sha, 1926, 350pp. Selections from Kirishitan writers from 1544 to 1636, chosen with a view to confront Japanese (or Far Eastern) thought with the new doctrines coming from the West. Appended are excellent glossaries of Kirishitan and European terms and an index of phrases quoted from the Bible. 782. Anezaki Masaharu -4 -,- Di, Kirishitan hakugaishi-chu no jimbutsu jisseki vii 51$ ~ A6/+ (Historical remnants of men during the Kirishitan oppression), T6kyo, D6bunkan, 1930, 5+10+584pp. Mainly a chronological listing of the foreign missionaries and their martyrdoms; there is also a discussion of the state of missionary work in Kyushu, Hokkoku, and T6hoku. Cf. Hall, 1400. 783. Anezaki Masaharu At J- 3, Kirishitan shumon no hakugai to sempuku Vt? $A4-, '1 TW LA 4 < (The persecution of the Christians and their lying in concealment), T6kyo, Dobunkan, 1925; ed. 2, 1926, 390pp. An excellent study, well based on existing historical records of the persecutions during the Tokugawa period. Describes the mentality of both the government men and the Christian martyrs. Cf. Hall, 1401. 784. Anezaki Masaharu -4 -,it, Kirishitan kinsei no shumatsu VE f-. \'t '~: (The end of the Christian interdiction), Toky6, Dobunkan, 1926, 380pp. Important study not only from the point of view of the history of the Catholic church in Japan, but also as one of the best accounts of certain aspects of the new religious policies of the early Meiji Restoration government. 785. Anezaki Masaharu - a -, ed., Kirishitan shuky6 bungaku VT L4 k- { ~- (The literature of the Kirishitan religion), T6ky6, D6bunkan, 1932, 4+14+409+2+13pp. A study of three of the most popular of the early Kirishitan writings, the Shuseiroku, the Shinshinroku, and the Santos no gosagyo. 786. Anezaki Masaharu b J G-, Kirishitan dend5 no k6hai ' L4Qj e fft (The rise and fall of the Kirishitan missionaries), T6ky6, D6bunkan, 1930, 4+19+820pp. A standard work on the early period of Kirishitan activity, from its inception to the persecutions under the Tokugawa. The handling of the attitudes (often conflicting) of the government policy-makers is particularly well done. Cf. Hall, 1399. 787. Ebizawa Arimichi -@ ~; X, Kirishitanshi no kenkydu )t1 &t. c W 'a (Studies in Kirishitan history), T6ky6, Unebi Shobo, 1942, 6+6+372pp. Important essays on the relationship between Kirishitan and Japanese culture: the relations between Kirishitan and Bushido ethical thought, the Jesuits and the mountain ascetics, the reasons for the Shimabara insurrection, etc. Cf. Hall, 1402. 788. Urakawa Wasaburo " 1 - J3, Urakami Kirishitanshi;+ "j v 'I - at (The history of the Urakami Kirishitans), Osaka, Zenkoku Shob6, 1943, 2+4+639pp. The history of the famous band of Christians in the environs of Nagasaki who held on to their religion in spite of all the persecutions during the period of seclusion. 789. Shimmura Izuru Off -, A, Nihon Kirishitan bunkashi 9 t J-, ', (Japanese Kirishitan cultural history), Tokyo, Chijin Shokan, 1941, 3+8+268pp. A history of the Kirishitan movement before the period of seclusion, with emphasis on the Kirishitan literature and bibliography. The appendix has a bibliography of reference materials and an interesting selection of photographic reproductions of historical materials. Cf. Hall, 1403. 790. Ebizawa Arimichi -4 - A_, Kirishitan tenseki s6oko tv /4 i p ~ (Collected essays on books dealing with Christianity), T6ky6, Takubund6, 1943, 7+7+261pp. A collection of ten essays dealing with important Kirishitan documents. The last two essays are on general Kirishitan bibliography. Cf. Hall, 180. 791. Miki Rofu 5 i i 1L, Nihon Katorikku kyoshi a 7 f Ott (A history of the Japanese Catholic church), T6ky6, Daiichi Shobo, 1929, 223pp. Probably the best history of the Catholic church in Japan, from earliest times to the present, with especial emphasis given to the relationship of the church with the state. Especially strong on the early period; some space is given to Catholic history in Korea. 792. Urakawa Wasaburo i' tt A B, Teiyo Katorikku kyokaishi rt [ 7 p ' t (A summary of the history of the Catholic Church), Nagasaki, Nagasaki Kokyo Shingakko - z4 IL P try 1938, 3v 793. J5chi Daigaku I ~ ~ (Jochi University), ed., Katorikku daijiten b 1 '7 X 2, (A Catholic dictionary), Toky6, Fuzamb6, 1940-, 4v.

Page  68 68 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 3. PROTESTANTISM a. General 794. Kirisutokyoshi Gakkai A L Vt / (Society for the Study of Christian History), ed., Nihon Kirisutoky6 -shf kankei Wakansho mokuroku o ki $ ( $ JAt, TVz 4 X @ ^ (A list of books in Japanese and Chinese concerning the history of the Christian church in Japan), Toky6, Bunk6od Shoten &, ~ l, 1954, 129pp. Works written in Chinese or in Japanese by missionaries, pastors, or believers in Christianity from the Kirishitan period (1590) to 1890 are included; there are numerous plates of rare works. 795. Aoyama Gakuin Daigaku Majima Kinen Toshokan i 5 ~ #L t A] i X A I A (The Aoyama Gakuin University Majima Memorial Library), ed., Meiji-ki Kirisutoky6 kankei tosho mokuroku os-I^I^^. }ik t 41 ~ q * (A list of books concerning Christianity during the Meiji period), Toky6, Aoyama Gakuin Daigaku Majima Kinen Toshokan, 1954, 119pp. 796. Abe Yoshimune ~f93 ~4, ', Kirisutokyo daijiten ~ ~ ~ P.-{- (A dictionary of Christianity), T6kyo, Keiseisha, enl. ed., 1934, 200pp. 797. Hiyane Yasusada i-! $, Kirisutoky6 no Nippon-teki tenkai 'I) v k 0;/V\ ] (The Japanese development of Christianity), Tokyo, Kirisutokyo Shiso Sosho Kankokai, 1938, 233pp. Written during the Sino-Japanese war, this is a collection of essays trying to justify Christianity's existence in Japan. The author, an authority in the field of Japanese religion, discusses the relationships among Confucianism, Buddhism, Shintoism, and Christianity, "The new Japan and Christianity," etc. 798. Matsumiya Kazuya ' -', Nihon Kirisutokyo shakai bunkashi i it t a- kiL / t t- (The social and cultural history of Japanese Christianity), T6ky6, Shinkigensha, 1948, 346pp. The main part of this book is a discussion of the relation of Japanese Christianity to Japanese society and to Japanese socialism based on some comparatively recent surveys. This is preceded by a short history of Christianity in Japan; a year-by-year history of the main subject is appended. 799. Hiyane Yasusada ~- 14 Y %K, Meiji ik5 no Kirisutoky5 dend6o - J '. -S 8 K/V/.A-_ (Christian mission work since Meiji), Tokyo, Daihasshii Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1947, 2+2+224pp. A clearly written history of the difficulties the Christians have faced against the government and nationalistic ideologies since the granting of religious freedom during the Meiji period. 800. Hiratsuka Masunori t t 4 -/, Nihon Kirisutokyo-shugi kyoiku bunkashi V - 1._T Ilk,L_ (The history of Christian education in Japan) [=Kirisutoky5 kyotei sosho(A collection on Christian curricula)], Toky6, Nichidoku Shoin, 1937, 3+6+231pp. An investigation by an educator of the influences European and American educational practices in the mission schools have received in their Japanese milieu and the influences they have had on Japanese eduucation; the gradual change over from foreign to Japanese professors and aministrators from Meiji to around 1935 is one of the subjects treated. 801. Hiyane Yasusada t ~t J$-_, Nihon kinsei Kirisutoky6 jimbutsushi 9,_-t 8., (The history of the personalities in modern Japanese Christianity), Tokyo, Kirisutoky5 Shis5 Sosho Kankokai, 1935, 630pp. A discussion of the most important figures in Japanese Protestantism, with an evaluation of their importance and success in forwarding the progress of the Protestant church in Japan to the time of writing. 802. Sumiya Mikio t/ } i *, Nihon shakai to Kirisutokyo v {t- ~ A'Il~t (Japanese society and Christianity), Toky5, T6ky5 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1954, 3+179pp. The special problems Christianity faces in a Japanese society (here analyzed using the sociological method of Max Weber), with a discussion of Kozaki Kodo's Seiky6 shinron. 803. Uoki Tadakazu *. 4 ~ -, Nihon Kirisutokyo no seishin-teki dent6o 9 a; ) t ) X (The spiritual tradition of Japanese Christianity), T6ky6, Kirisutoky6 Shis6 S6sho Kankokai, 1942, 1+2+231pp. An attempt to show how Christianity can fit into the Buddhist, Shint6, Confucianist and native traditions of Japanese spiritual life. Almost the only book of its kind not written from an ultra-nationalistic view-point. 804. Minami Hajime:_- -, Nihon ni okeru jiyu Kirisutokyo to sono senkusha $,, r- ~ \ 4] W r_ I L.# (Free Christianity and its pioneers in Japan), T6kyo, Bunsh6in, 1935, 2+14+640pp. The first part of the book discusses the development of Free Theology in Europe and the second part the work of German pastors who brought the religion to Japan (around 1887) and of its gradual Japanizingo An almost unique work on an important aspect of Japanese Christianity. 805. Matsumura Katsumi ~Ic t. _, Mori Akira to Nihon no shingaku. fe r- D i 1 9 4 (Mori Akira and Japanese theology), Tokyo, Teikoku Daigaku Gakusei Kirisutoky6 Ky6jokai, Kobundo, 1940, 180pp. The essence of Japanese theology, with emphasis on one of its pioneers, Mori Akira. Also treated is Takakura Tokutaro.

Page  69 CHRISTIANITY 69 b. Individual Thinkers 806. Niijima Jo X 6 -, Jinsei dokuhon /4. ~ (A reader of man), ed. by Yarita Ken'ichi i S -, Toky6, Daiichi Shob6, 1938, 372pp. The editor has assembled Niijima's memoirs, letters, and diaries to make up this selection of short pieces, arranged chronologically. A list of reference materials concerning Niijima is given in the appendix. 807. Uoki Tadakazu.t --, Niijima J6 —hito to shiso — 4t | -- K ) F- Z- (Joseph Niijima: the man and his thought), D6shisha Daigaku Shuppambu, 1950, 1+2+2+3+226pp. A biography by a famous late professor of theology at Doshisha University, the Protestant university in Kyoto that Niijima helped found. Well done, clear and easy to read. 808. Negishi Kichisabur6 6 4 41 _, Niijima J6 4, T5ky6, Keiseisha Shoten, 1923, 5+1+4+ 3+14+8+364+lpp. A portrait of Niijima as a child and as a young man after his return from America, written by a native of his home town who presents a very vivid picture based largely upon first hand reports from men and women who knew himo 809. Tokutomi Soh6o '& ~ ~ f-, Nihon seishin to Niijima seishin S ) - j t 9 ~ (The Japanese spirit and the Niijima spirit), T6ky6, Sekiya Shoten, 1936, 206+2pp. A study of Niijima with emphasis on the very considerable patriotic aspects of his teaching by his oldest disciple. A year-by-year biography is appended. 810. Hirose Tsunekichi 4 - P,, Ebina Danjo sensei ) i A - (The master, Ebina Danj6), Toky6, Ryuginsha, 1938, 508pp. A biography of one of the earliest leaders of Protestantism in Japan based, as far as possible, on the master's own words: his recorded conversations, speeches, writings, etc. 811. Ebina Danj6o;/ ~, Kirisutoky5 taikan ~: ~. L (A general view of Christianity), Tokyo, Senshinsha, 1930, 200pp. 812. Ebina Danjo 4- $~ G-, Kokumin dotoku to Kirisutokyo 1 (4j — r % ~ j (National morality and Christianity), Toky6, Hokubunkan, 1912, 7+3+303pp. An attempt to mould a Christian morality for Japan after the Russo-Japanese war by Japan's first pastor from the "Kumamoto Band." 813. Uemura Zenshui Kank6kai 4~ di/. f 1 dT i (Society for the Publication of the Complete Works of Uemura [Masahisa]), ed., Uemura zenshiu A- 4~ J (The complete works of Uemura [Masahisa]), Tokyo, Uemura Zenshii Kankokai, 1931-34, 8v. The complete works of the first pastor of the Yokohama group of Japanese Protestants. 814. Sanami Wataru Ati L -, ed., Uemura Masahisa to sono jidai ' ~i-4. e o~ Ad. (Uemura Masahisa and his time), Toky6, Ky6bunkan, 1937-38, 5v. A very lively history of the activity of the Protestant mission in Japan during the first thirty years of the Meiji era as they were lived by Uemura Masahisa. Important material for the early history of Protestantism in Japan. 815. Kozaki Zenshi Kank6kai 1.)' / t 1 'j if Y (Society for the Publication of the Complete Works of Kozaki [K6od]), ed., Kozaki zenshiu,i ' A (The complete works of Kozaki [Kido]), Kozaki Zenshu Kank6kai, Toky6, Keiseisha, 1938-39, 6v. The sermons, diaries, speeches and other writings of this pastor from the "Kumamoto Band." 816. Uchimura Kanz6 chosakushiu K 1- 4- ~ - (The collected writings of Uchimura Kanz6), T6kyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1952, 20v. The main writings of one of the strongest figures in early Japanese Protestantism. 817. Uchimura Kanz6 zenshu - 4kt: 4- i/ (The complete works of Uchimura Kanz6), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1932-33, 20v. A list of all the writings is given in the 20th volume. 818. Yanaibara Tadao A Af-)t 4 -1, Uchimura Kanz6 to Nitobe Inaz6o V_ 4q 3-itL s_ (Uchimura Kanz6 and Nitobe Inaz6), T6ky6, Nissan Shob6, 1948, 2+128pp. The emphasis in this short book is on the life and social theories of Uchimura Kanzo6 Nitobe Inaz6's religious views are treated only in the last section. The author, a Christian and a famous economist, was a disciple of both these men.

Page  70 70 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 819. Oka Kunio ])i 3 3, Uchimura Kanz6: Meiji bunkashi no ichidammen A Y,= -- - v, At - eff (] (Uchimura Kanz6: one phase of Meiji cultural history), T6ky6, Hy6ronsha, 1950, 233pp. Uchimura Kanz6 as a bourgeois individualist as seen by a materialist philosopher. 820. Fukuda Kiyoto { W - /,&, Uchimura Kanz6o ~ td- d -, T6ky6, Sekai Shoin, 1952, 274pp. 821. Suzuki Toshir6 4 ~ {1^, ed., Tsuis6shii Uchimura Kanz6 sensei -_f [tI. (A collection of reminiscences of the master, Uchimura Kanz6), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1934, 324pp. 822. Yanaibara Tadao $ t-) -A ed., ed., Nitobe hakase bunshiu ~- t C^ (The collected works of Dro Nitobe), T6ky5, Ko-Nitobe Hakase Kinen Jigy5 Jikk6 Iinkai, 1936, 8+522+2+1pp. Articles and other writings of Nitobe Inazo collected with a view to giving a complete picture of his thought. Includes works on Eastern and Western culture, education, agriculture (Nitobe and Uchimura were both agricultural graduates from Sapporo), literature, etc. 823. Takakura Zenshi Kank6kai k7 /j / I P1 '* 4 (Society for the Publication of the Complete Works of Takakura Tokutar6), Takakura zenshiiu v /i! (The complete works of Takakura[Tokutar6]), T6ky6, Takakura Zenshu Kank6kai, 1936-37, 10v. The sermons, Biblical studies, speeches, diaries, and letters of this early Japanese theologian. 824. Kashiwai zenshu v 4/P- (The complete works of Kashiwai [Mitsuzo]), Tokyo, Keiseisha, 1922-25, 5v.; supplementary volumes, T6ky6, Nagasaki Shoten, 1934-35, 6v. Studies in the books of the Gospel, the life of Christ, the history of Christianity, etc. 825. Yokoyama Shun'ichi 4A di -, Kagawa Toyohiko-den 7 '1 -it~ (A biography of Kagawa Toyohiko), Tokyo, Shin'yaku Shob6, Kirisuto Shimbunsha, 1950; 1952, 7+8+482pp. A study of Kagawa's beliefs, evangelism, social work, and political policies.

Meiji and After

pp. 70-84

Page  70 VII. MEIJI AND AFTER Although Buddhism and Shinto have continued as active forces in Japanese life, all other fields of philosophical and religious endeavor have been so profoundly influenced by the West that it has been necessary to put them here into a separate category. All works concerning Meiji and post-Meiji philosophy and religion will be found here, except for works dealing with Buddhism, Shrine Shinto, Christianity, and a small number of "Social and Economic Thought Histories" some of which deal exclusively with this period and are to be found under 1, 2,e. 1. GENERAL The term "General" is meant to signify those works concerned with general thought history or with individual figures who have been important in that history without being actual philosophers or religious figures. a. Collections and Histories 826. Yoshino Sakuz5o V ~ ]t-, ed., Meiji bunka zenshiu o 7 LlA /-4 (A complete collection of Meiji culture), T6ky6, Nihon Hy6ronsha, 1929, 610pp. Of the 24 volumes of this collection, volumes 11 (religion) and 15 (thought) are particularly relevant. They contain articles and essays on various religious and philosophical problems written by men of the Meiji period with commentaries and short biographies prepared by the editor. 827. Ienaga Sabur6o 3 A T, Nihon shis6shi no shomondai i q a-L, 1 ] A (Various questions concerning the history of Japanese thought), T6kyo, Sait6 Shoten, 1948, 239pp. A series of articles concerned mainly with the Meiji period. Particularly interesting is an essay on the importance in intellectual history of the Imperial Rescript on Education. Cf. Hall, 1407. 828. Nagata Hiroshi id \'. t-, Nihon yuibutsuron-shi a I l VW$ "F t (The history of Japanese materialism), Toky6, Hakuy6sha, 1936, 340pp. A history of what the Marxist author considers to be the materialist thought in Tokugawa and Meiji philosophers. Like most of his school, he gives an inordinate importance to the influence of a man's social class on his thought, but his discussions are interesting and worth consulting. Treats such men as Ando Shoeki, Yamagata Bant6, Tsuda Mamichi, Fukuzawa Yukichi,and, in an appendix, "Materialism and Nishida Kitar6 and Tanabe Hajime," etc. Cf. Hall, 1421.

Page  71 MEIJI AND AFTER 71 829. Nagata Hiroshi K V ),, Nihon tetsugaku shis6shi e i I to ~- (A history of Japanese philosophical thought), T6ky6, Mikasa Shob6, 1938, 325pp. In spite of its title, this is a history of feudalistic thought during the Tokugawa and early Meiji periods. An early Marxist work, it is somewhat over-simplified; nevertheless, it is a convenient introduction to the history of Tokugawa thought (especially in it relations to social, political and economic conditions) because of its wide use of historical materials. Cf. Hall, 1423. 830. Oikawa Giemon ') 1 '~- ']1, Kokushi-jo no shis6 mondai 14.: - J-~ t - (Problems of thought from the point of view of the nation's history), TOkyO, H6bunkan, 1929, 548pp. Essays by an intellectual historian on various topics in the history of Meiji and Tokugawa thought. 831. Tokushige Asakichi 4 ' ~, Ishin seishinshi kenkya 4; - / a,_. (Studies in Restoration spiritual history), T6ky6, Ritsumeikan Shuppambu, 1934, 746pp. Essays on the intellectual background of the period extending from the last years of the Shogunate to the end of Meiji. 832. Tokushige Asakichi '"it- 4t i, Ishin seiji shukyoshi kenkyu f At }L; - A. h t (Studies in the history of Restoration political religion), Tokyo, Megujro Shoten, 1935, 4+12+l+746pp. Similar to the preceding; contains, among others, an important and rare essay on the so-called Movement for the Propagation of the Great Doctrine (Taiky6 sempu und6). 833. K6saka Masaaki & *t Ad and Ono Hideo ) wt o, Shiso genron-hen _;~ J ~ (Section on thought and speech) [(Meiji cultural history), 4 ], Tokyo, Yoyosha, 1954, 1+12+737pp. The section on thought, an excellent resume of Meiji thought history, has been done by Kosaka Masaaki; dividing his subject into decades, he treats the various groups of thinkers for each period as they attempt to fit Japanese thought into the stream of world thought. 834. Kishimoto Hideo $ % _, ed., Shfukyo-hen ~, _ (Section on religion) [=Meiji bunkashi i (Meiji cultural history), 6], Tokyo, Yoyosha, 1954, 1+9+577pp. Divided into sections on Shinto, Buddhism, and Christianity, each written by a specialist, this history is especially good in its coverage of the social aspects of the various religious movements. The section on Christianity is perhaps the best written for this period. English translation by J. F. Howes, Tokyo, 1956. 835. Murakami Toshisuke,f. edge and Sakata Yoshio L\1 3, Kyoiku dotoku-hen >CjL. - (Section on education and morals) [=Meiji bunkashi v q _ (Meiji cultural history)], Tokyo, Yoyosha, 1955, 1+19+688pp. The first section consists of a number of articles by various specialists on the Imperial Rescript on Education,the educational policies of the Meiji government, female education, etc. The second part is by Professor Sakata,who analyzes the bases of Meiji social ethics. 836. Tsuchiya Senkyo t 6 t ~, Meiji Bukky6shi o >4 / fU (The history of Meiji Buddhism), T6ky6, Sanseid6, 1939, 220pp. A convenient introduction to the major problems of the period, but not detailed. Cf. Hall, 1377 and 1378. 837. Ishida Yiu ' t 5, Meiji seiji shisoshi kenky5u O a gL t% g_ (Studies in the history of Meiji political thought), Tokyo, Miraisha, 1954, 377+7pp. Divided into two sections, the first treats "The formation and functioning of the theory of a familistic nation" and the second the relationship between governmental power and freedom of thought and the problem of "men and public opinion." 838. Kawai Eijiro - 1 -to. A3, Meiji shisoshi no ichidammen W;m - L(T -- i 71 (One phase in Meiji thought history), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1941; 2nd ed., 1949, 8+483pp. A spiritual biography of Kanai Noburu seen against the background of the important political and social developments of the mid-Meiji period. 839. Kiyohara Sadao -;I A k t, Meiji shoki bunkashi AC: 7 H iX L (The cultural history of the early Meiji period), Tokyo, Kembunsha, 1935, 2+7+389pp. The best general cultural history of the twenty-years between the Restoration and the promulgation of the Constitution. 840. Aso Yoshiteru - $,-, Kinsei Nihon tetsugakushi ~ E W j i (History of Japanese philosophy in the modern age), Tokyo, Kondo Shoten, 1942, 4+384pp. A study of the important philosophers of the end of the shogunate and the beginning of Meiji who helped transplant Western philosophy to Japan. Such men as Nishi Amane, Tsuda Shindo, Kato Hiroyuki, Kanda Kohei, and Nishimura Shigeki are discussed.

Page  72 72 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 841. Miyake Setsurei _., D6jidaishi S) /, ' _ (Contemporary history), T6kyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1949, 6v. A chronological history of Japan from about 1860 to 1940 by an excellent journalist who has specialized in the study of Eastern and Western philosophy. Useful for intellectual history. 842. Kiyohara Sadao -| t. ~?, Meiji jidai shisoshi 0 { A ~ ' %- r (The intellectual history of the Meiji period), Tokyo, Daitokaku, 1921, 383pp. The author divides the era into five periods, 1868-1874, 1879-1887, 1887-1894, 1894-1903, and 1904-1912, and discusses the special characteristics of each period, using copious historical materials. Includes a useful essay on "Materials for the study of Meiji intellectual history" in an appendix. 843. Torii Hiroo. t 1ktt i, Meiji shisoshi o - ~t_ (Meiji intellectual history), T6kyo, Kawade Shob6, 1953, 197pp. The first Marxist treatment of its subject. The emphasis is on political thought, the influence of class ideologies, and the analysis of capitalistic elements, but there are also chapters on philosophy and religion. 844. Ienaga Saburo t y, Nihon kindai shisoshi kenkyu bR __Q'2 a- 2-tX t (Studies in modern Japanese thought history), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1953, 319pp. Mainly concerned with the Meiji period, some of these essays also touch on late Tokugawa or more modern times. There are essays on chonin culture, Ando Shoeki, Ryokan, Nishimura Shigeki, Fukuzawa Yukichi, Meiji philosophy, Japanese pacifism, etc. 845. Ienaga Sabur6o, 7 =, Kindai seishin to sono genkai Chi' it t i v gtj (The modern spirit and its limits), Tokyo, Kadokawa Shoten, 1950, 237pp. An attempt to get at the tendencies in Meiji thought history through the study of four representative thinkers: Kitamura Suehiro, Uchimura Kanzo, Fukuzawa Yukichi, and Taguchi Ukichi. 846. Kuwaki Gen'yoku ' 7; (h,, Meiji nworld of philosophy), Tokyo, Chuo Koronsha, 1943, 202pp. Six essays on the impact of Western philosophy on Japan during the Meiji era: Nishi Amane's philosophy, Tsuda Shindo, Ogyu Sorai's Seidan, Ogya Sorai's forgeries. The influence of Jeremy Bentham's Introduction to the principles of moral law. 847. Sakisaka Itsuro \d -A t*, ed., Kindai Nihon no shis6ka,_ ' e\ z-s * " (Modern Japanese thinkers), Tokyo, Wakosha, 1954, 6+284pp. A historical and philosophical analysis of twelve modern thinkers, each by a specialist: Kato Hiroyuki, Miyake Setsurei, Fukuzawa Yukichi, Nakae Chomin, Taguchi Ukichi, Niijima Jo, Uchimura Kanzo, etc. b. Individual Thinkers 1) Fukuzawa Yukichi 848. Jiji Shimposha V - + ed, Fukuzawa zenshiu a, f (The complete works of Fukuzawa [Yukichi]), Tokyo, Jiji Shimp6sha, 1926, lOv. 849. Fukuzawa Yukichi Chosaku Hensankai -T\ 4 V t X X i (Society for the Editing of the Works of Fukuzawa Yukichi), ed., Fukuzawa Yukichi senshiu A - A (Selected works of Fukuzawa Yukichi), T6kyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1951, 8v. The most important of Fukuzawa Yukichi's works, from the point of view both of his biography and thought, including some hitherto unpublished material, with excellent commentaries by four specialists: Koizumi Shinzo, Maruyama Masao, Ienaga Saburo, and Tomita Masafumi. Index. 850. Ishikawa Mikiaki G ' e ~, Fukuzawa Yukichi-den - (A biography of Fukuzawa Yukichi), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1943, 4v. The best and most complete biography of Fukuzawa Yukichi, it almost amounts to an intellectual history of the Meiji era. Index. 851. Koizumi Shinzo ) < \_, Fukuzawa Yukichi.- --, Osaka, Sogensha, 1952, 248pp. 852. Fushimi Takeya AX S K 5 and Abe Jinzo A -:- -, Fukuzawa Yukichi ~~ ->1 f [=Nihon kyoikuka bunko 9 ~ SC ~ d 3L (Library of Japanese educators,) 40, Tokyo, Hokkai Shuppansha, 1937, 2+206pp. The historical, political, and educational views of Fukuzawa Yukichi, together with a short discussion of his life and the character of his thought.

Page  73 MEIJI AND AFTER 73 853. Kawai Teiichi 'III ~ ed., Fukuzawa Yukichi no hito to shis5 (Fukuzawa Yukichi, the man and his thought), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1940, 2l0pp. Nine essays on Fukuzawa Yukichi by eight specialists. Such subjects as his view of the nation, of society, education, history, war, and ukiyoe are covered. 854. Nomura Kentar6 VF I Fukuzawa Yukichi no kompon shis5 jtr ~'~-~ (The basic thought of Fukuzawa Yukichi), TVky6, T6y6 Keizai Shimp6sha, 1946, 78pp. A very short but important study of Fukuzawa Yukichi' s place in Meiji history, his work on social enlightenment, his patriotism, and his ideas on education. 855. Nakamura Kikuo t'~ ~ Nihon kindaika to Fukuzawa Yukichi (The modernization of Japan and Fukuzawa Yukichi), Tfkyd, Kaiz6sha, 1950, 250pp. The role played by Fukuzawa Yukichi in the modernization of the laws and his relations with the Meiji government. 2) Others 856. Okubo Toshiaki )k~~1z4., ed., Nishi Amane zenshii f" 4~ (The complete works of Nishi Amane), T6ky6, Chii6 K6ronsha, v. 1, 1944, 696~pp. Only the first volume of the complete works of this pioneer Western-style Meiji philosopher has appeared, but it contains his most important writings, the Hyakugaku renkan and the Hyakuichi shinron, with careful annotations. 857. As6 Yoshiteru,ed., Nishi Amane tetsugaku chosaku-shii vV A 4a-z (A collection of Nishi Amane' s philosophical works), TVky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1933, l1+405pp. About twenty-two essays by Nishi Amane assembled in lieu of his still unfinished Complete Works (see above.) 858. Kuwaki Gen' yoku,Nishi Amane no Hyakichi shinron W_ AX) ~, - '(The Hyakuichi shinron of Nishi Aman) T~y6, Nihon H6s6 Shuppan Ky6kai, 1940, 2'70pp. A commentary on what is considered the first philosophical essay written in the Western philosophical style by a Japanese, by Kuwaki Gen' yoku, a philosopher in his own right. The essay tries to find the unity ("ichi"') in the diversity ("1hyaku") of opinions on the relations between a moral code and a code of government. 859. Nakae Tokusuke ~C~* j and Kaji Ryilichi -, edL, Ch6min senshii k~ul,t, (Selected works of [Nakae]Ch~min), T~ky6l Iwanami Shoten, 1936; another ed., 1952, 318pp. A collection of some of the most representatiye essays and newspaper articles of one of the most liberal of the political thinkers of the Meiji period. Appended are a bibliography of his writings and translations. 860. Nakae Atsusuke ~~4 Ichinen yiihan; Zoku-ichinen-yha - I -- (One year and a half; One year and a half, continued), ed. by Kaji Ryiiichi s( -, T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1936, 318pp. Written when Nakae Chdmin had learned that he had a little over a year to live, these essays represent a good sampling of his views of the politics, philosophy, economics, and society, of his times. The second essay is a good example of early Japanese "scientific materialism." Appended is a short biography. 861. Nihon K6d6kal ~J 4, —A (Japanese Society for the Widening of the Way), ed., Haku6 zensho 0 /"I (The complete works of Haku6 [Nishimura Shigeki ]) Tky6, Nishimura-ke Toshobu, 1903, 3v. 862. Nishimura Shigeki j~ 44J kW Nihon d~tokuron Of (~~ (An essay on Japanese morality), ed. by Yoshida Kumaji ~\ ~ ~ T6kyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1935, l21pp. The basic ethical doctrine of the Meiji period's most conscientious nationalist, Nishimura Shigeki. There are commentaries, a short biography, and a discussion of the place of his thought in history by the editor, Yoshida Kumaji. 863. Kaigo Muneomi '4A1 4f E Motoda Eifu /-k 4 (kV T6ky6, Bunky5 Shoin, 1942, 8+222pp. The thought and educational theories of the teachers of the Meiji emperor, and of one of the writers of the Imperial Rescript of Education. Some of his most important works are reproduced in an appendix. 864. Hirano Gitar6 '-', ed., K6toku Shiisui senshii- E ~z? 4 (Selected works of K6toku Shiisui), Tfky,6, Sekai Hy6ronsha, 1948-50, 3v. One of the more radical followers of Nakae Ch~min who was executed for trying to assassinate the emperor. His works include an essay on Nakae Ch6min and essays on socialism and pacifism. 865. Onishl Hakase zenshil IZ_7.~& 1- / I (The complete works of Dr. Onishi), T6ky6, Keiseisha, 1924, 5v. The author, Onishi Hajime, was a universalist, opponent of Inoue Tetsujir6' s nationalism, and a philosopher well versed in Christianity who died too young to formulate his own personal philosophy. The volumes are devoted to logic, ethics, the history of Western philosophy, and the sources of the conscience.

Page  74 74 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 866. Teiken Taguchi Ukichi Zenshu Kank6kai A T V { ' 4P k ~ 5' /i (Soceity for the Publication of the Complete Works of Teiken, Taguchi Ukichi), ed., Teiken Taguchi Ukichi zenshfi lT 'f \a c / (The complete works of Teiken, Taguchi Ukichi), Tokyo, Taguchi Ukichi Zenshu Kank6kai, 1928-29, 8v. The complete works of a famous historian and liberal economist. Teiken was his name as scholar. 867. Ono Azusa zenshiu,1> d ~/ (The complete works of Ono Azusa), ed. by Nishimura Shinji ~44-z, Tokyo, Fuzambo, 1936, 2v. The political thought, journals, etc., of Japan's first modern political scientist. 868. Tabata Shinobu \3 'kf -, Kat6 Hiroyuki no kokka shis6o p. A i e i % % ~. (The nationalist thought of Kat6 Hiroyuki), To'ky6, Kawade Shob6, 1939, 223pp. The evolution of the nationalistic thought of the first scholar of German nationalism and first president of T6ky5 Imperial University. Appended are a year-by-year biography and a bibliography of reference works. 869. Asano Akira I a', ed., Okakura Tenshin zenshii i /X K ^r/ (The complete works of Okakura Tenshin), T6ky6, Seibunkaku, 1939, 5v. Famous in the United States as the author of the Book of Tea and similar excursions into the refinements of "Oriental" life and esthetics, Okakura is shown in his Complete Works to have played an important role in the esthetics of the art of his time, favoring as he did a very dubious amalgamation of Eastern and Western motifs. There is annotation and a year-by-year biography. 870. Sat6 Nobue /1x- ' /l, Okakura Tenshin ] f <, [in Nihon shis6ka senshfiu i. $ t - (Selections from Japanese thinkers)], Toky6, Shinchosha, 1944, 2+180pp. A short account of the life and an introduction to the works of Okakura Kakuzo. Included are discussions of his Toyo riso (Oriental ideals), Ajia wa ichi (Asia is one), Nihon-no mezame (Japan's awakening), etc. 2. PHILOSOPHY Japanese philosophy is said to begin with the Meiji period and indeed all of the philosophers in this section can be distinguished from the earlier Buddhist and Confucianist thinkers by the debt they owe to Western philosophers and their philosophical methods. Among them, Nishida Kitar6 (entries 880 to 888) is by far the most famous and has been called the "father of Japanese philosophy." G. Bonneau, Bibliographie de la litterature japonaise contemporaine [=Bulletin de la Maison Franco-Japonaise, tome IX, no. 1-4], Toky6, 2e edition, 1938, contains good bibliographies of many of the most important philosophers. a. General 871. Takizawa Katsumi 4, L L, Gendai Nihon tetsugaku A/i' t t (Contemporary Japanese philosophy), T6ky6, Mikasa Shob6, 1940, 208pp. Two series of essays; the first, devoted to Natusme Soseki's Kusamakura and the sceintific spirit, Tanabe Hajime, Takahashi Satomi, and recent Nishida school philosophy; the second discusses the thought of the short-story writer Akutagawa Ryunosuke. 872. Saegusa Hiroto:- t -, Nihon ni okeru tetsugaku-teki kannenron no hattatsushi " 7 tf i 3t tL ^tf of t Lt(A history of the development of philosophical idealism in Japan), T6kyo, Bunh6od, 1934, 312pp.; also, ed. 2, T6ky6, Sekai Shoin, 1947, 244pp. An excellent discussion of the history of Western philosophy (and particularly of German idealism) in Japan since the Meiji era, and the changes it underwent in the philosophies of Japanese thinkers, with some exploration of the reasons for the changes. b. Individual philosophers 1) Inoue Tetsujir6o 4 b [ At 873. Inoue Tetsujir6o 4 _ t S. t, Nihon seishin no honshitsu d ~ $ t ~ ~ u (The essence of the Japanese spirit), T6ky6, Okura Kobundo, 1934, 8+4+387+26pp.; rev. and enlo ed., 1941, 510pp. The philosophical bases for Inoue's nationalism; the book is divided into three sections: Shinto, the national spirit, and spiritual culture. 874. Inoue Tetsujir5o % + -;A.. F, Waga kokutai to kokumin d6toku i (" t4 ( L.A %- (Our national entity and national morality), T6ky6, Kobundo, 1925, 498pp. One of the source books for the curriculum fixed by the Ministry of Education before the war, Inoue here equates morality, worship of one's ancestors, and worship of the emperor, an equation that has had far reaching effects in modern Japan.

Page  75 MEIJI AND AFTER 7 75 2) Hatano Seiichi 87. aan Sjch ~ ~ - ok t ie ~4:1~ (Time and eternity), T~ky5, Iwanami Shoten, 1943, 244pp. An important study by the greatest modern religious philosopher Japan has produced. After a study of time, death, and immortality, the author reaches the conclusion that selfless love and generosity can equal the realization of eternity in this world. 876. Ramada Yosuke OV- Hatano shdiky6 tetsugaku, ~ 1',~~s (The religious philosophy of Hatano [SeiichiJ), T6ky6, Tamagawa Daigaku Shuppambu, 1949, 3+9+644pp. 877. Hatano Seiichi 4~iW Shiiky5 tetsugaku k ~ (Religious philosophy), Tfky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1944, 280pp. 878. Hatano Seiichi 4 -,shiiky6 tetsugaku joon L (An introduction to religious philosophy), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1940, 208pp. A methodological investigation of the preceding work. 879. Ishihara Ken,Tanaka Michitaro \9 144 kv P Matsumura Katsuml P9 ~ and Katayama Masanao I - Shiiky5 to tetsugaku no kompon ni aru mono: Hatano Selichi hakase no gakugy ni tsulte VIPM 61 J't ) )Ua7 ea-t~ ta)* (- --, % (The basis of religion and philosophy: on Dr. Hatano Seiichi' s schola'rly attainments), Td'ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1954, 3+25Bpp. A group of studies on Hatano Seiichi, including articles on his life, his understanding of Christianity and Greek thought, etc. 3) Nlshida Kitar5 880. Nishida Kitar6 zenshii v47 v (The complete works of Nishida Kitar6), T~ky5, Iwanami Shoten., 1947-53, 12v. +6v./ The first series (12 volumes) contains all the published works of the man who is commonly considered the greatest modern Japanese philosopher, and the second series, the unpublished works, the journals, lecture notes, and letters. A year-by-year biography is appended to the second series. 88 1. Shimnomura. Toratar6 1, *T- ~ 7~,- ~j3, Wakaki Nishida kitar5 sensei I t~bto(The young professor Nishida Kitar6), T~ky5, Jimbun Shorin, 1947, 280pp. The life of Nishida until the publication of his first important work, Zen no keny (A study of the good), by one of his disciples. Notes on his later days and a detailed analysis of Zen nokeyi are appended. 882. K6saka Masaaki >jA4- E Nishida tetsugaku to Tanabe tetsugaku ~jj7 \V1 1O (Nishida philosophy and Tanabe philosophyTkyRieShb,14,631pp A comparison of the philosophies of Nishida. Kitar6 and Tanabe Hajime by an intimate disciple of both of them and a famous philosopher in his own right. 883. K6saka Masaaki ~ Ai, 1- -4, Nishida Kitar6 sensei no sh~gal to shis6 k4-7 V -F A Vt3 I (The life and thought of Professor Nishida Kitar5), Tfky6, Ko-bund6 Shob5, 1947, 328pp. The best book on Nishida; a very personal and warm appreciation. 884. Takizawa Katsumi ~ Nishida tetsugaku. no kompon mondal i 0-1V ~I~v d) O (The basic problems of Nishida philosophy), T6ky6, T6k6 Shoin, 1936, 266pp.; another ed., 1942, 274pp. A rare objective attempt by a practicing philosopher to get at the meaning of "Nishida philosophy" without comparing it with his own. The first part takes up Nishida' s concept of soku: "the continuity of absolute discontinuity,"t absolute nothingness is (soku) somethingness, ""absolute life is (soku) death." The second part is concerned with the development of Nishida' s later thought, and the third discusses Nishida' s originality and distinguishes his position from those of other Japanese philosophers. 885. Yanagida Kenjffr6 VO,,- Jissen tetsugaku to shite no Nishida tetsugak t-* 4 t- L t 6d),J7 W t, (Nishida philosophy as a practical philosophy), T~ky6, Kobund5 Shob6, 1939; ed. 2, 1943, 432pp. An ethical philosopher attempts to f ind the bases for a system of ethics, of every-day living in the generally considered esthetic and mystical or religious philosophy of Nishida Kitar6. The discussion follows the chronological development of Nishida' s thought and discusses his main essays. 886. K6yama Iwao ~, J- r, Nishida tetsugaku ~t- kVT —I (Nishida philosophy), T6ky6, 1935-40, 2v. An attempt to reconstruct Nishida' s philosophy into a system, imitating Hegel' s Phaenomenologie des Geistes, by one of Nishida' s most gifted students. Intended as an introduction to Nishida' s thought, some may find an introduction to the introduction necessary.

Page  76 76 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 887. Sat6 Nobue 4Af T, Nishida Kitar6 to Miki Kiyoshi A, I d? t E ^ (Nishida Kitaro and Miki Kiyoshi), T6ky6, Chuo Koronsha, 1947, 1950, 2+201pp. An introduction to the lives and works of Nishida and of one of his disciples, Miki Kiyoshi. 888. Ueda Seiji %_ \; iJ: k, Nishida tetsugaku to Dyui tetsugaku C O $t e T ' b- 4 * (Nishida philosophy and Dewey philosophy), T6ky6, Hikari no Shob6, 1947, 1+3+204pp. An attempt to introduce Anglo-Saxon, and particularly American, philosophy into Japan after the war by a long-time opponent of the Germanic tendencies of Japanese thought, the first part of this book is concerned with the influence of John Dewey, and especially The Quest for Certainty, on Nishida (the influence is most pronounced in his maiden work, Zen no kenkyu); the second part is an introduction to Dewey's thought. 4) Nishi Shin'ichir6 889. Nishi Shin'ichir6 ~ 4 -`, Chuk6ron - 7 (On loyalty and filial piety), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1951; ed. 8, 1939, 5+1+330pp. A philosophical discussion of the two poles of traditional Confucianist morality, followed by essays on kindred fields in which the universality of these two virtues is stressed. 890. Nishi Shin'ichir6o ' 4, Kokumin dotoku k6wa } 1L%,_ — 1 (Lectures on national morality), T6ky6, Fujii Shoten, 1942, 237pp. An attempt to unify and give a theoretical basis to various moral viewpoints current at the time of its writing both in Europe and in Japan: a kind of eclecticism interesting for the study of contemporary Japanese moral philosophy. 891. Nishi Shin'ichiro 4 -- -, T6y6 d6toku kenkyfi t T I _t- ~; t> (Studies in Oriental morality), Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1940, 272pp. Contrasts between Western ethical philosophy and Confucianism and between Japanese and Chinese developments of Confucian moral philosophy; also contains essays on Nakae T6ju and Kumazawa Banzan. 892. Nishi Shin'ichir6o v^ 4^^, Jissen tetsugaku gairon t S g t t-EH (An introduction to practical philosophy), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1930, 1+3+318pp. An earlier attempt by the same author at the eclectic unification of some Western ethical concepts to "Oriental" morality with loyalty and filial piety as catalyzing common denominators. 893. Nawada Jir6 \, r -- >,, Nishi Shin'ichir6 sensei no sh6gai to tetsugaku e -~ 4 -- t\ j ~(The life and philosophy of Professor Nishi Shin'ichir6), T6ky6, Ris6sha, 1953, 230pp. The only book devoted to Nishi Shin'ichir6, this is a good introduction to his life and thought 894. Nishi Shin'ichiro 7 4 -@ -p, Kyoiku chokugo engi LS 0 # Al t (A commentary on the Imperial Rescript on Education), T6ky6, Asakura Shoten, 1944, 158pp. Historical and philosophical remarks on this important Meiji document, promulgated in 1889. Differences with Western morality are stressed, as is nationalistic morality. 5) Tanabe Hajime 895. Tanabe Hajime \7 A_, Tetsugaku tsuron ~ J (The elements of philosophy), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1952, 254pp. An essay on the methodology of philosophy by the only philosopher generally considered worthy of Nishida Kitar6. The author attempts to make the reader do his own philosophizing. 896. Tanabe Hajime '-/;L, Zanged6 to shite no tetsugaku ~ -Jt ~t I Z It f (Philosophy as the way of penitence), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1950, 376pp. Eight chapters on zanged6 (Metanoetik), "the way of penitence," based on the author's own post-war psychological and religious experiences. The sixth and seventh chapters are discussions of zanged6 in relation to Shinran's philosophy. 897. Kobundo Henshu-bu TAti+_~ (The K6bund6 Editorial Office), ed., Tanabe tetsugaku WT - (Tanabe philosophy), T6kyo, Kobundo, 1951; another ed., 1952, 2+2+293pp. A series of studies by pupils of Tanabe Hajime from Ky6to University, including K6yama Iwao, K6saka Masaaki, Takeuchi Yoshinori, and Nishitani Keiji. The only study of Tanabe's philosophy that we have.

Page  77 MEIJI AND AFTER 77 898. Tanabe Hajime W IL X-, Tetsugaku nyumon; t ' -t (An introduction to philosophy), T6ky6, Chikuma Shob6, 1949-52, 4v. The first volume, "The basic problems of philosophy" (Tetsugaku no kompon mondai), originally a series of lectures, was followed by three others, "The philosophy of history and political philosophy" (Rekishi tetsugaku - seiji tetsugaku), "The philosophy of science and epistemology" (Kagaku tetsugaku - ninshikiron), and "Religious philosophy and ethics" (Shuky6 tetsugaku - rinrigaku). Indispensable reading for the student of Tanabe' s philosophy. 6) Others 899. Kuki Shuzo {U ~ 1 i-, Iki no k~ozo [I ],7 0 t (The structure of iki), T6kyo, Iwanami Shoten, 162pp. The analysis and expansion of a very important part of Japanese spiritual life, the concept of iki or good taste, so as to form a veritable philosophy of life. The book is written in the logical way acceptable in Western philosophical writing and is an excellent introduction to the peculiar kind of esthetics of living in which the Japanese excel. 900. Fujii Kenjir6 - 1 /~ I r, Rinri to ky6iku: Nihon tokuyu d6toku kenkyu 4 - t q '-13 k - - I, (Ethics and education: studies in characteristic Japanese morality), Toky6, Tamagawa Gakuen Shuppambu, 1932, 623pp. Collected essays of a much broader and objective scope than those of Inoue on the bases of modern urban morality, individualism, universalism,and nationalism, misconceptions in the interpretations of the Imperial Rescript on Education, family morality, and criticisms of ultra-nationalism. 901. Fujii Kenjiro 6 c ~ 'lv_?, Kokumin dotoku-ron t %.__l (National morality), T6ky6, Tamagawa Gakuen Shuppambu, rev. and enl. ed., 1933, 404pp. An objective analysis by an excellent ethicist, opposed to the nationalistic studies of Inoue. 902. Watsuji Tetsuro L v ttp, Fudo: ningengaku-teki kosatsu k: /-1, tt r (Climate: a humanistic study), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1951, 418pp. Joining philosophy, geography, and history, this book discusses the effects of climate on human existence. Three types of climate are discussed, those of the monsoon, the desert, and the grass-lands, with special attention to China and Japan. The influence of climate on art and history, and the author's own personal "philosophy of climate" make up the last chapter. 903. Watsuji Tetsur6o -4t I:, Rinrigaku r tF (Ethics), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1937-50, 3v. These three volumes represent the ethical philosophy of Japan's most famous living ethicist who is also an important scholar of the history of Japanese thought. 904. Miki Kiyoshi - _ 3, Tetsugaku nyumon:fy j ~ (An introduction to philosophy), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1951, 204pp. This famous student of Nishida Kitar6 and Tanabe Hajime, an early materialist philosopher, has written a personal introduction to philosophy under the guise of writing a commentary on Nishida philosophy. It is interesting for both the study of Nishida and Miki Kiyoshi. 905. Karaki Junz6o f * ''|., Miki Kiyoshi A>:, Tokyo, Chikuma Shob6, 1950, 302pp. A good study of the thought of Miki Kiyoshi. 906. Nishitani Keiji t i?-_U, Sekaikan to kokkakan -& X- |_r e /1 i $, (A view of the world and a view of the nation), T6ky6, Kobund6, 1941; ed. 3, 1942, 210pp. The problems facing Japan in bringing about her New Order in Asia, seen from the point of view of world history by a philosopher and critical and conscientious nationalist. 907. K6yama Iwao L] ~, ~, Bunka ruikeigaku kenkyiu ~ l [L J;> (Studies in the typology of cultures), T6ky6, Kobund6, 1941; ed. 3, 1942, 2+4+401pp. A classification of the various cultures of the world and an attempt to place Japanese culture in its proper category. When first published (during the war) it was severely criticized, since Japanese culture was then considered unique and superior. It is interesting for all students of Japanese culture and also for the light it throws on K6yama Iwao's Germanic philosophy. 908. Ko6yama Iwao o JA - V, Nihon no kadai to sekaishi 2 t -~ - tL (The case of Japan and world history), T6ky6, Ko-bund6, 1943, 4+5+488pp. One of the philosophers of the "Ky6to School" of philosophy looks to patriotic nationalism as a solution to the dilemmas of the modern world. Not exactly ultra-nationalistic, but a more subtle and intellectual approach to the problem of Japanese nationalism during the war.

Page  78 78 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 909. Iwashita S6ichi, 1- A-, Shink6 no isan /4Lf a4v y.t (The legacy of faith), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1941, 452pp. One of the most impressive studies in religious philosophy by a Japanese Catholic philosopher perhaps ever to be published. The author deals with some of the basic problems of Catholicism and of religious philosophy in general: faith and reason, love and doctrinal authority, religion and morality, the church, etc. 910. Uno Enkui X ' -| ~, Shuky6gaku. 0 350pp. (The study of religion), T6ky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1931, A study based on psychology, sociology, folk-lore studies, etc., of the essence, the origins, and the typology of religions. 911. Nozaki Hiroyoshi T - I. X, penitence), T6ky6, Kobundo, 1942, 234pp. Zange to shite no tetsugaku X?t-i 6)9 i 4 (Philosophy as 912. Maeda Toshikama ~I \lB I l, Shdkyo-teki ningen t A 'I (The religious man), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1934, 354pp.; also, 1950, 364pp. A re-appraisal of Zen philosophy by a student of Western philosophy and modern literature. 913. Tosuka Jun t/ f, Nihon ideorogii-ron 9 /> "\ ~'1 A-4* (An essay on the Japanese ideology), T6ky6, Hakuy6sha, 1935, 350pp. A condemnation of the Fascist tendencies and lack of liberalism in the Japanese view of life by the most famous materialist philosopher in Japan. The book is written in imitation of Marx's Die deutsche Ideologie. 914. Mori K6ichi f % --, Nihon ideorogii no keifu la 4' v - -. 'j (The lineage of the Japanese ideology), T6ky6, Shinzembisha, 1947, 5+2+267pp. The spiritual roots and growth of fascism in pre-war Japan seen from the Marxist point of view. 3. SECT SHINTO AND THE NEW RELIGIONS Sect Shinto and the "New Religions" have not received the attention they deserve, probably because they are, precisely, too new. The following works are generally speaking objective, except for the works published by the sects themselves. These are, perhaps necessarily, usually filled with religious propaganda, but they also contain much important first-hand information not available elsewhere. Entries 155, 156, and 158 also contain sections on sect Shint6. The works of Tanaka Yoshit6 listed below, while short, are objective studies, the only existing works we have on certain sects. 915. Shimakage Chikai | t and Hiroki Isao P r ^ Gendaijin no mitaru giji shukyo no shinso IAM - w< w t l (The true conditions of the pseudo-religions seen by modern man), Tokyo, Daito Shuppansha, 1936, 2+1+6+357pp. In spite of the somewhat flambouyant title this is a fairly objective work which presents a good description of the growth, doctrine, deities, administration, supersititions, etc. of such popular sects as the Omoto, Hito no michi, Tenri, Konk6, etc. 916. Bukkyo Shakai Gakuin /i L A7^ (Buddhist Social School), ed., Shinko ruiji shukyo hihan j,>XxBC G;l^ (A critique of the newly risen pseudo-religions), Tokyo, Daito Shuppansha, 1936, 2+2+322pp. Unscholarly criticisms of the new religions from a nationalistic point of view. There is, however, a good article entitled "A doctrinal criticism of the so-called heterodox religions," by Ishizu Teruji. 917. Watanabe Baiyiu 5~I 2, Gendai Nihon no shfiky5o /< < 4 o,, (Modern Japanese religions), Toky6, T6sei Shuppansha, 1951, 346pp. 918. Tsurufuji Ikuta ~ tA ' h, Ky5ha Shint6 no kenkyu tz -f tK 0 k, Shint6), T6ky6, Taikosha, 1939, 443pp. (Studies in sect 919. Ideguchi Wanisabur6 zenshu (The complete works of Ideguchi Wanisabur6), T6ky6, Ban'yisha, 1934-35, 8v. The complete sermons of the founder of the Omoto sect. 920. Iwata Kyutar6 q A f — Daiichi Tenseisha, 1931, 263pp., Omoto ryakushi J ~ t (A short history of the Omoto sect), Ky6to, 921. Nakayama Keiichi )' L-, Ky6ha Shint6 no hassei katei -t- a ) i t >lA of the origination of sect Shint6), T6ky6, Moriyama Shoten, 1933, 155pp. (The process 922. Tanaka Yoshit6o 1 ~ A ~-, Tenriky6 no kenkyu E Tokyo, Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkyfikai, 1938. An objective study. (Studies in the Tenri sect),

Page  79 MEIJI AND AFTER 79 923. Minzoku Shiiky6 Kenkyiiki k~ t 4~ (Society for the Study of the People's Religions), ed., Tenriky6 zensho, kZ -f I Ik 4t (The complete works of the Tenri sect), T6ky6, Shunjiisha, 1922, 4187pp. Useful commentaries on the most important books of the Tenri sect, including works on the life of the founder of the sect. 924. Kita Shi~tar6 - ~ ~,Tenriky6 k6y6 A;U Wr (The outlines of the Tenri sect), Nara, Tenrikyd DWyisha, 1929, 410pp. The origins of the sect, its development, its doctrine, and present (1929) power and administration. 925. Nakayama Keiichi kS- -, Tenri kydten k6wa: ky6ri-hen ~ -~A *~ (Lectures on the scriptures of the Tenri sect: section on dogma), Nara, Tenriky6 DMydkai, 1951, 2llpp. 926. Tanaka Yoshit6 V- I,\ W Shint6 Kurozuiniky6 no ken~u Z-~ 4tL' *Tthe Shint6 Kurozumni sect), Toky5, Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkyiikai, 1932, 7Opp. (Studies in 927. Kurozumi Muneko -T, A~~~, ed., Kuroz miy6kys, i- 4i / A1-L 4 t sect), Okayama, Kurozumiky5 Honch6, 1909; ed. 2, 1914, 653pp. The most authoritative work of the Kurozumi sect. (A reader for the Kurozumi 928. Tanaka Yoshit6 ~V,~t Shint6 Shiiseiha no kny ~ < L the Shint6 Shilsei sect), T6ky6, Nihon Gakujutsu Kenky~kai, 1932, 64pp. (Studie s in 929. Shint6 Shiiseiha Ky6mukyoku 5A' AK L* (The Shint6 ShUsei Sect Bureau of Instruction), ed., Shint6 Shiiseiha Ky6gi (The doctrine of the Shint5 Shilsei sect), Tdky6, Shint6 Shdiseiha Ky6mukyoku, ed. 2, 1929, 553pp. The scriptures of the Shiisei sect. 930. Tanaka Yoshit6 WJ t Konk6ky6 no kenkyii 4 / L tJ (Studies in the Konk6 sect), T6ky6, Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkyiikai, 1934, 2+5+96pp. 9 31. H ayata G e n d -~ VEu~ -I~1 of the Konk6 sect and his doctrine), A good view of the Konk6 sect Konk6 ky~so to sono ky6gi /tI&Ak.-JrEpu r-t0;t - Okayama, San'y5 Shimp~sha, 1930, 130pp. - itself is also given in this study. (The founder 932. Hasegawa Yiijir6 - -k ~~" K~, Konk~ky6 gaikan I4 t S4 —* i sect), T~ky5, Konk6ky6 K~jimachi Ky6kaijo, 1931, 172pp. (An introduction to the K-onk6 933. Senge Sonlyd -I- ~-'-I, ed., Taishky ky': ten ~& ) k~* (The scriptures of the Taisha sect), Taishaky6 Hon'in, 1937. The most authoritative texts of the Taisha sect. 934. Tanaka Yoshit6 ~fI t, Taishaky6 no kenkyil < --,0 a) j (Studies in the Taisha sect), T6ky5, Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkyiikai, 1933. 935. Tanaka Yoshit6 k -, Shint6 Jikk6ky6 no kenkj ~- lt~TP 7~ Shint6 JikkO sect), T6ky6, Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkyikai, 1939, 72pp. 936. Tanaka Yoshit6 la 1~kV-, Shint6 F us6ky6 no kenkyii % A_ 4TK t;C.1 U Shint6 Fus6 sect), T6ky5, Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkyiikai, 1934. 937. Tanaka Yoshit6 tY M' ~k WIL, Shint6 Taiseiky6 no kenkyii - ~ lShlnt6 Taisei sect), T6ky6, Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkyiiki, 1936, 61pp. L k 1 1(1X- (Studies in the (Studies in the (Studies in the 938. Tanaka Yoshit6 t -, hn6 sgky6 no kenkydi ~ ~ ~ (tde nteSit Misogi sect), T6ky6, Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkyiikai, 1932. 939. Tanaka Yoshlt6 V0 T ~ A, Shint6 Shinriky6 no kenkj ~ ~ -.t ~* 4;K' p-~ Shlnt5 Shinri sect), T6ky6, Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkyiikai, 1935. (Studies in the 940. Tanaka Yoshit6 ~1 t~, Shint5 Mitakeky6 no kenkyji furoku Shint6 Maruyaxaky6 no kenkyii Bati ~k O ~t-n ' \ 'V -+t, ~O, K Ob~ (Studies in the Shint5 Mitake sect; appendix: studies in the Shint6 Maruyamna sect), T~ky6, Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkyiikai, 1939, 68pp. 941. Tanaka Yoshit6 173~'A", Shint6 Shinshiiky no kenkyvff (Studies in the Shint6 Shinshii sect), T6ky6, Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkyiiki, 1935, 7l2pp.

Page  80 80 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 942. Taniguchi Masaharu a It t4-, Seimei no jiss6o k ) ) to X (The true characteristics of life), T6ky6, K6my6 Shiso Fukyiikai, 1938, 9v.; also, 1935, 12v. The doctrine of the founder of the Seicho no Ie sect which is given mainly in the form of sermons. 943. Nishida Tenk6o x7 \ K, Zotei Zange no seikatsu ~-, B | 0 (The life of penitence, enlarged and revised), Ky6to, Kaik6sha, 1935, 450pp. The experiences of the religious community called Itt6en in the suburbs of Ky6to which was headed by the author after he returned from Hokkaid6. The religion is a cross between Zen and Christianity and puts a high value on repentance which it uses as a method for assuaging worried capitalists. 944. Hashimoto G6ken 7 + B. L, Hito no michi ky6dan no naiyo es e o) fI teLlt 0 t- (The argument of the Hito no michi sect), T6ky6, Tenjinsha, 1931, 246pp. 4. NATIONALISTIC THOUGHT The entire pre-war period in Japan is characterized by the production of a vast amount of nationalistic and ultra-nationalistic works, some of them very serious scientific studies, some of them fascist harangues. We have attempted to separate them into categories — (a), the historical works, both materials and secondary sources; (b), the philosophical arguments supporting an ultra-nationalist point of view; and (c), the purely propagandistic arguments supporting the extreme nationalism of the pre-war period. It should be pointed out that section a contains first (entries 945-955) historical materials for the study of recent nationalism and ultra-nationalism, and second (entries 956-966) objective works on the problem. a. Historical 945. Kat6 Totsud6 - v iK t, Kokumin shis6 s6sho \ X I-t. (A collection of national thought), Toky6, Seishinsha, 1929-31, 12v. A collection of works concerning the Japanese nation from the ancient and medieval periods primarily. Contains imperial rescripts, imperial poems, Shint6 texts (including norito), Confucianist and Buddhist works, etc., all arranged according to subject: national entity, Shinto, Bushid6, etc. 946. Uno Tetsuto J- W V / —, ed., Sentetsu icho kokumin d6toku LtA A,4 \ ' L\- (The remaining writings of former sages on national morality), Gakkai Shishinsha, 1911-12, 3v, Consists mainly of works by Tokugawa Kokugaku and Confucianist scholars, the Mito school, Motoori Norinaga, etc. The editor is a famous Sinologist. 947. Komoda Man'ichir6 TR, 9 4 ~-V, Kenkoku Meiji Taish6 Sh6wa chokugo sh6sho seigi ~A -; l- X ~{3s^ (A commentary on the imperial rescripts and edicts from the founding of the country to the Meiji, Taish6 and Sh6wa eras), T6ky6, T6y6 Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha, 1930, 3+4+6+472pp. The emphasis is on the Meiji rescripts in this well-annotated collection of imperial promulgations. 948. Ueki Naoichir6 Xit,_ -?f, Saiki to waga kokutai At - rT i (Rituals and national entity), [in Nihon seishin k6za E A i. (Essay series on the Japanese spirit), v. 2], Toky6, Shinch6sha, 1933. 949. Ikari Mataz6o t 5., ed., Rinri goshink6 s6ansho6 4~ p {i ' B (A draft of lectures delivered before the emperor on ethics), T6ky6, Sugiura Jug6 Sensei Rinri Goshinko S6an Kank6kai, 1938, 341pp. Confucianistic, absolutist morality as it was presented to the Taish6 emperor by Sugiura Jig6, a popularizer of "Japanese morality" during the Meiji and Taish6 periods. 950. Kokumin Seishin Bunka Kenkyusho lI1 (as {-Ltj ~ (Institute for the People's Spiritual Culture), ed., Kyoiku chokugo kampatsu kankei shiry6shu 4i -> t t]., 7 l t (Collected materials concerning the promulgation of the Imperial Rescript on Education) [=Kokumin seishin bunka bunken g k # }I L_ 4U Lt- wi (Materials for the People's Spiritual Culture), 22], T6ky6, Kokumin Seishin Bunka Kenkyfisho, ed. 4, 1940, 3v. A very complete collection of the documents used to write out the Imperial Rescript on Education and later used to popularize it with detailed commentaries. 951. Yoshida Kumaji ~ t.t Sk, Ky6iku chokugo shakugi C t k (A commentary on the Imperial Rescript on Education), T6ky6, K6d6kan, 1930, 195pp. 952. Mombush6 ( t '- (Ministry of Education), ed., Kokutai no hongi \^/~tae (The true meaning of the national entity), T6ky6, Mombush6, 1937, 156pp. The official statement of Japanese nationalistic ideology meant for schoolroom use during the war. The several chapters are concerned with the founding of the nation, the emperor, the history of the national entity, etc. English translation by R. K. Hall: Kokutai no Hongi, Cambridge, Mass., 1949. Cf. Hall, 849.

Page  81 MELJI AND AFTER 81 953. Ky6gakukyoku ~A *: (Bureau of Instruction [of the Mombush6 or Ministry of Education), ed., Kokutai no hongi kaisetsu sosho t /o, 7 ' _L t_ (A collection of commentaries on The true meaning of the national entity), Toky6, Naikaku Insatsukyoku, 1937-40, 9v. Nine volumes, each on a special topic conerning the Kokutai no hongi, by a particular specialist. The authors include Yoshida Kumaji, K6no Sh6oj, Hisamatsu Sen'ichi, Yamada Yoshio, Ogushi Toyoo, Tsuji Zennosuke and others. 954. Mombush6 Ky6gakukyoku A-m X tIt (Ministry of Education, Bureau of Instruction), ed., Shimmin no michi - A/m n (The way of a subject), T6ky6, Naikaku Insatsukyoku, 1941, 92pp. Moral justification for the Pacific war written by members of the Ministry of Education explaining the role of a loyal subject under the New Order. 955. Magoda Hideharu ly'4 and Hara Fusataka. - $, Shimmin no michi kaisetsu taisei ftk e.) ( (A compendium of commentaries on The way of a subject), T6kyo, Taimeid6, 1942, 4+2+380+10pp. Commentaries on the Mombush6's Shimmin no michi aimed at a unification of the people's energies for the war effort. 956. Ito Tasabur6o d! { ~ -, Kokutai kannen no shiteki kenkyiu I t o ~ a) '- X $f L (A historical study of the concept of the national entity), T6ky6, Dobunkan, ed. 5, 1938, 4+2+293+15pp. The most objective and scholarly study of this problem; the author treats the definition of the term "national entity," its historical development, Confucianist, Kokugaku,and foreign influences on it, and finally its usage during the Meiji Restoration. 957. Kiyohara Sadao |, Kokumin dotoku-ron { (On the national morality), T6kyo, D6bunsha, 1931. The best student of nationalistic thought in a work attempting to describe the theoretical and historical foundations of a national, state-centered morality. A careful annotation of the Imperial Rescript on Education is appended. 958. Kiyohara Sadao -) ~. gf, Kokutairon-shi 4 ($ 't Lt (History of the theory of national entity), T6kyo, Toyo Tosho Kabushiki G6shi Kaisha, 1939, 3+2+3+252pp. The historical development of the theory of national entity. For the Tokugawa period Yamazaki Ansai, the Mito school, the Kokugaku scholars, Ise Shinto, and the imperial patriots are discussed, and for the Meiji period the relations with Western thought, socialism, and Christianity. There is an appendix on the theories of national entity of the Y6gaku scholars written by Okino Shunji. Cf. Hall, 846. 959. Kiyohara Sadao?~ >f, Kokushi to Nihon seishin no kengen [ - i ~ {..4.. (The nation's history and the manifestations of the Japanese spirit), T6ky6, Fujii Shoten, 1934, 3+14+613pp. The examples of patriotic feeling throughout Japanese history from Shotoku Taishi to the time of writing. The materials presented on the patriots of the Meiji Restoration are particularly useful. 960. Watari Sh6zabur6o Ai r p, Gunjin chokuyu no gokashi to sono shiteki kenkyu /t _ ^ ~ f S1i ' e [ i ~, (The promulgation of the Imperial Rescript for Military Men and its historical study), Toky6, Chu-bunkan, 1932, 3+7+232pp. Important material for the study of pre-war nationalistic thought. The Imperial Rescript for Military Men was promulgated in 1882 and its tenets were later considered appropriate for the entire population, forming a sister scripture with the Imperial Rescript on Education. 961. Yumoto Takehiko;7 ~ ~~tU and Ishikawa Iwakichi ~ "'1 t, ed., Nihon rinri shik6o 5,^[ (A draft of the history of Japanese ethics), T6ky6, Kaihatsusha, 1901, 4+23+926pp. The earliest book on the history of Japanese ethics, it was written to counter European ideas with "indigenous" morality culled from Confucianism, Buddhism, Shintoism, and Bushido. Theories proclaiming reverence for the emperor form an important part of this book which is more interesting as source material for Meiji nationalistic ideology than for its value as a history. 962. Higo Kazue J tj_ -* v, Nihon kokka shis6o e 7 |; -- (Theories on the Japanese state), T6kyo, Ko-bundo, 1939, 171pp. Theories of the idea of the Japanese nation throughout history until after the Meiji era. A useful work. Cf. Hall, 843. 963. Meiji Daigaku Shigakkai I m <gJe/ (Meiji University History Society), ed., Kokushi to kokutai 9t e^i,4 (National history and the national entity), T6ky6, Meiji Daigaku Shigakkai, 1937, 146pp. Essays by excellent Japanese historians which include "The evolution of the theories of reverence for the emperor" (Mikami Sanji), "Merits and demerits of Japanese culture" (Tsuji Zennosuke), and "The meaning of the Meiji Restoration" (Osatake Takeshi).

Page  82 82 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 964. Fukazaku Yasufumi;\-4%-, Waga kokutai kannen no hattatsu ~i'~l<t HL}- it9 A_ (The development of our concept of national entity), Toky5, Toyo Tosho Kabushiki G6shi Kaisha, 1931, 2+11+301pp. An anti-Marxist discussion of the concept of national entity by an ethicist and student of Japanese morality. Includes a definition of the term national entity, a comparison of Japan's with those of other nations (Japan's is the most "monarchical"), and a history of its development through the ages. Sh6toku Taishi, Kitabatake Chikafusa, Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Yamaga Soko, Aizawa Seishisai, Motoori Norinaga, Hirata Atsutane, etc. are discussed from the point of view of their theories concerning national entity. 965. Maki Kenji TRA -, Z6tei Nihon kokutai no riron A ft U I / (The theory of the Japanese national entity, enlarged), Toky6, Yuhikaku, enl. ed., 1943, 614pp. A group of studies on various aspects of the ideas of Japanese nationalism. The author contends that the traditional basis of the Japanese national entity is the family. Cf. Hall, 848. 966. Saegusa Hiroto _> &t'-1d, ed., Dai-Toa kiso mondai kenkyu (san): Nihon bunka no k6z6 to genjitsu ~~5_~_~ _ ~3~ < a ~.~ ~ L ( Studies in basic problems of the Great Far East, 3: The structure and reality of Japanese culture), Tokyo, Chuo K6ronsha, 1943, 433pp. A group of articles by Japanese liberals, Marxists, and progressives on the problems confronting a new Japan in a new (Greater East Asian) order. The authors, all writing on some aspect of "the new culture," include Saegusa Hiroto, Funayama Shin'ichi, Shimizu Ikutaro, Muroto Kenzo, Sugimura Kozo6 and Miki Kiyoshi. b. Doctrine 967. Kihira Tadayoshi. ~;-, Chi to gyo i e X (Knowledge and action), Toky6, Kobundo, ed. 4, 1941, 10+2+502pp. An early successor of Inoue Tetsujiro unearths a venerable problem of Chinese philosophy and applies it to contemporary Japan: Japanese moral conduct, based on loyalty and filial piety, springs from knowledge. The second section is devoted to a discussion of loyalty and filial piety. 968. Kawai Teiichi -- /.-, On no shis6o - 0 )- - (The thought of "Gratitude"), Toky6, Toky6do, 1943, 2+2+418+2pp. Collected essays by a former member of the Kokumin Seishin Bunka Kenkyusho (Institute for Research on the People's Spiritual Culture"), a pre-Occupation propaganda bureau, on one of the emotional constituents of Japanese ideology, a moral bastion of the home and state. 969. Mombusho Futsf Gakumukyoku L - 4% - Aw-e t-~ (Ministry of Education, Bureau of Common Education), ed., Kokutai koenroku @/at A (Records of lectures on the national entity), Tokyo, Mombusho Gakumukyoku, 1928, 3v. Lectures on the favorite topics of the nationalistic writers of the day: "The Japanese national character" (Tanaka Kan'ichi), "Bushido" (K6no Shozo), "National thought: Kokutai no hongi, Shint6, Bushido" (Kiyohara Sadao), etc. 970. Yoshida J6chi e ~ A ~L, Rinrigaku-j6 yori mitaru Nihon seishin - f J- Lb i - t X e (The Japanese spirit as seen from the point of view of ethics), Tokyo, Toy6 Tosho Kabushiki Goshi Kaisha, ed. 10, 1934, 2+8+291pp. Loyalty to the emperor as the absolute in ethical behavior is preached, with decided Hegelian over-tones. 971. Sat6 Tokuji At H. ' -, Kokuminteki kyoyo no shuppatsu: Nihon chijinron A 0% o Any Vr A - * l~/j --- (The start of national culture: a study of the man of the Japanese soil), Tokyo, Naka Shoten, 1942, 2+2+370pp. An ultra-nationalistic essay directed against the Marxists, attempting to show the spiritual superiority of the Japanese character, Bushido, and climate and to combat any ideas of economic determinism, saying that the Japanese can succeed in any endeavor by simple force of character. 972. Yasuoka Masaatsu X NJ!- %,, Nihon seishin no kenkyu a t i 7 4 % A (Studies in the Japanese spirit), T6ky6, Gen'osha, 1937, 315pp. A fascistic outburst against Western colonialism and in praise of the patriots of the Meiji Restoration. 973. Hiroshima Bunridai Hiroshima Koshi Seishin Kagakkai % J A ) I %. V & '% ) {M e {V ~/ (The Hiroshima Bunri University and Hiroshima Higher Normal School Society for Spiritual Science), Kokutai shis6ron ^W ~-* (Essays on the theories of national entity), T6ky6, Meguro Shoten, 1943, l+192pp. A group of essays on various aspects, historical and philosophical, of the theory of national entity. Essays include "National entity' (an ethical study by Nishi Shin'ichir6), "The idea of national entity in Buddhism" (especially in Sh6toku Taishi and Shinran, by Kaneko Daiei), "The way of Himorogi imasaka" (on Suika Shint6, by Shiraki Yutaka), etc.

Page  83 MEIJI AND AFTER 83 974. Watari Sh6zabur6o ~, - t, Kokumin dotoku honron A L\ t (A basic discussion of national morality), T6ky6, Chubunsha, 1928, 7+2+23+686+90pp. An attempt to combat democratic ideologies by describing a nationalistic morality centered on the emperor and on a feudalistic conception of the family. 975. Saeki Shigeo 4 ( A ~, ed., Shinsen kokutai ronsan t. (A new collection on the national entity), Toky6, Dai-Nihon Kokutaikai, 1919, 799+2pp. Essays by approximately twenty conservative politicians, thinkers, and scholars on their concepts of the national entity. An interesting view of the nationalism and, sometimes, ultra-nationalism of the period. 976. Hiraizumi Ch6o ~-, Bushid6 no fukkatsu -i-t, 4. me itz (The resurrection of Bushido), Tokyo, Shibund6, 1933, 387pp. Very nationalistic essays by this famous scholar. The title essay refers to the need for a militaristic revival, beginning in Japan, to free Asia from the West; the second extols the loyalty of Hashimoto Keigaku; the third sides with Burke against the French Revolution; the fourth stresses the importance of the Imperial house for national morality; and the fifth insists that the Meiji Restoration was a reactionary and not a revolutionary movement. 977. Yamada Yoshio ~L t 4, Dai-Nihon kokutai gairon ~ B; | ( (An introduction to the national entity of Japan), Osaka, Hobunkan, ed. 5, 1928, 135pp. Important historically as the first book of nationalistic propaganda by this famous scholar of Japanese language. 978. Funaguchi Kazutoshi - J 1J b, Kokutai shiso hattatsushi /Jt '( - /. Lt (History of the development of the national entity), T6ky6, Hachigensha, 1943, 257pp. An ultra-nationalistic history of the development of the ideas on national entity that has a certain objective value. 979. Hiraizumi Ch6 J y(,, Dent6o \.t(Tradition), T6kyo, Shibund6, ed. 10, 1943, 3+2+649pp. An intellectual historian of great integrity who became an important ultra-nationalist writer of propaganda here gives his reactionary, paternalistic, and anti-revolutionary ideas on what "tradition" means in Japan. There are studies on "The true Japanese," the Jinn6 shto-ki, and traditionalism in France as it survived the Revolution. Cf. Hall, 1406. 980. Yamada Yoshio Y 1 t~, Kokushi ni arewareta Nihon seishin I| 7L i6 AL $ t ' 0 t (The Japanese spirit as it has appeared in the nation's history), T6ky6, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1941, 314pp. A spiritual history (Geistesgeschichte) of Japan which is not really a history of Japanese thought, but an attempt to discover in the events of history how the transcendental soul of Japan (which, according to the author, dwells in the blood of the Japanese) has manifested itself from antiquity to modern times. 981. Yonemochi Tadao -. 4 $t- fL, Meiji jidai no Nihon-shugi shicho gaikan -'; e ~ 4 t -4 (An introduction to Japanism during the Meiji period), T6ky6, Waseda Daigaku Nihon-shugi Gakkai, 1935, 70pp. c. Fascism 982. Ogushi Toyoo K. '' L, Nihon kokkaron ~ 1 I (A study of the Japanese state), Toky5, DaiNihon Yuben Kodansha, 1942, 284pp. Essays on the superior character of the Japanese nation based on historical, climatic, and political grounds. Comparison with other nations shows the desirability of Japan's leadership in the world. 983. Ozeki Naoshi ' l fIl 1 L-, Nihon shindoshi e i- A '_4 (The history of the Japanese way of a subject), Toky6, Toko Shoin, 1941, 373pp. A historical view of the morality of loyalty to the emperor from ancient times to the time of writing. Unscholarly presentation of theories of national entity. 984. Sat6 Tsiji HA7tLA, Kodo tetsugaku 1.0f,4 (The philosophy of the imperial way), T6ky6, Asakura Shoten, 1941, 465pp. A tirade against individualism, rationalism, and Western philosophy by an ultra-nationalist in favor of conformity to the wishes of the state, loyalty to the emperor, etc. 985. Ono Masayasu b1, ~V, Nihongaku no dent6o E 1t e,.JL_ (The tradition of Japanese learning), T6kyo, Meguro Shoten, 1944, 800pp. An ultra-nationalistic justification for the Pacific War.

Page  84 84 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 986. Minoda Ky6ki H I Rt-1, Gakujutsu ishin 4,,-d (A restoration of learning), T6ky6, Genri Nihonsha, 1942, 5+15+828pp. A harangue by an ultra-conservative, ultra-nationalist writer against the more liberal elements in Japan's learned circles such as Nishida Kitar6, Tanabe Hajime, Tsuda Sokichi, Miki Kiyoshi, etc. He asks for a wholesale rejection of Western thought. 987. Tanaka Akira \T, Nihon tetsugaku josetsu 9 l F - (An introduction to Japanese philosophy), Toky6, D6bun Shoin, 1942, 308pp. A rationalization by an ultra-nationalistic philosopher of the superiority of the Japanese over the rest of the world based in part on an interpretation of Japanese legends. 988. Kanokogi Inshin. --, /l, ed., Kokokugaku taik6o t V, (Outlines of imperial studies), T6ky6, D6bun Shoin, 1941, 611pp. Ultra-nationalistic- essays by a group of men preaching conformity to the state philosophy and the superiority of the Japanese nation. 989. Yamada Yoshio ~0 B e, Kokutai no hongi 1 I1 ^; (The true meaning of the national entity), Tokyo, H6bunkan, 1936, 173pp. The national entity seen as a mysterious un-made element born in every Japanese. The author, a wellknown scholar, uses ancient myths in his determination of the essence of the "national entity." 990. Kihira Tadayoshi 4t y-, Nihon seishin V t Ad t (The Japanese spirit), T6ky5, Iwanami Shoten, ed. 3, 1931, 419pp. Essays on the Japanese spirit, on the Confucian virtues, etc., and remarks against the democrats, socialists and liberals. A representative fascistic author. 991. Kakei Katsuhiko I, -!, Kokoku no kontei bampo no seika: Ko-Shinto taigi l l -t iJ' i-i & $T c L& (The bases of the imperial land and the prosperity of the world: The principles of ancient Shinto), Tokyo, Shimizu Shoten, 1912-15, 3v. One of the pioneer nationalists in his discussion of ancient Shinto in which he sees the foundation of Japanese morality and civilization. He uses extremely eclectic methods, combining Western with Japanese philosophies. 992. Kakei Katsuhiko f L /, Kan-nagara no michi Be rg is U - j (The way of the Gods), T6ky6, Kogakukai, 1934, 680pp. Originally given as lectures before the empress by this ultra-nationalistic jurist and Shinto philosopher, this book contains the foundations for a racist and fascistic interpretation of ancient Japanese mythology.

Appendix I

pp. 85-90

Page  85 APPENDIX 1 List of Publishers Aoyama Daigaku Majima Kinen Toshokan -f d. II Pei Aoyama Shoin L-, t p, Asahi Shimbunsha a E I C 4i - Asakura Shoten 't 9 l -- Asami Keisai Sensei Icho Hensankai Asano Shoten, t B Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Baifukan A, fIM Tokyo Baiy6 Shoin 7; -~ l Kyoto Ban'yuisha 7Y ~. Tokyo Banzan Kankokai d, j -Tt] ~ To6ky6 Banzan Zenshu Kankokai I 1, A t: ) ~ Tokyo Boch6 Shidankai tJ7 -~ ~, Yamaguchi Bonjinsha L,/Q: Tokyo Bukkyo Daigaku Shuppambu { r ff t 3 T6kyo Bukky6 Daijiten Hakkosho {_ ],,JT't- Tokyo Bukky6 Daishi Hosankai f-,&^ p t Tokyo Bukky6 Nenkansha 1t,~ - -' Tokyo Bukky6 Semmon Gakk6 Shuppambu i f j;i f * Kyoto Bukkyo Shis6 Fukyu Kyokai I t 4MAA Tokyo Bukky6 Taikei Kanseikai t, Tokyo Bukkyosha 4 I;~. Tokyo Bumpod6o _ Tokyo Bun'eido: ~ Kyoto Bunka Kenkyusha - 4C h ~4 Tokyo Bunken Shoin { i' ~ l.Kyoto Bunkod6 Shoten S t Tokyo Bunky6 Shoin. t L Toky6 Bunshoin,_ fl y Tokyo Bussho Kankokai y { fi| Tokyo Buzan Zensho Kankokai -J 4- 'Il T T6ky6 Buzanha Shiumusho - ^,^ -,- Tokyo C Daihasshii Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha 7Kt;-it I g4,^ Daiichi Shobo - I 4 Daiichi Tenseisha -J J _ Daijosha Daimeid6o A [ Dai-Nihon Bukky5 Zensho Hakkojo Dai-Nihon Bunka Kankokai L ht 4t,:FA' ITk Dai-Nihon Fuky5 Sosho Kankokai Dai-Nihon Keishinkai Hombu Dai-Nihon Kokutaikai * 0 fi|4 Dai-Nihon Kyoka Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha Dai-Nihon Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha Dai-Nihon Yuben Kodansha Dairinkaku *; ~ Daito Shob6o %1 - Daito Shuppansha 7 t L4_~Daitokaku Daiyukaku; Daiz6 Shppan Kabushiki Kaisha Daizoky6 Sakuin Kankokai Dengy6 Daishi Hosankai 4~ A T it. Dobun Shoin IE Dobunkan Dobunsha - Doshisha Daigaku Shuppambu ] i4W4 Tokyo Toky6 Kyoto Tokyo Toky6 Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo TOkyO Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Kyoto E Ekken-kai & /t' Enryakuji Jimusho _ F 4- $ti Tokyo Kyoto Chiba-ken Kyoikukai + 1 4-t Chijin Shokan It K / Chikuma Shobo t ] /IChishakuin A; Chobunkaku Chojiya Shoten T t/> $ Choryusha;,, ~-~ Chibunkan tq ft_ Chfgai Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha Chfikokan Chuo Koronsha 14, ' D Daigokyo KOydkai Bunshobu *f 3-5 tA Chiba Tokyo Tokyo Kyoto Tokyo Kyoto Tokyo Tokyo Kyoto Tokyo Tokyo F Fuji Shoen tr + t p. Fujii Shoten j* t~ t Fujii Takeshi Zenshu Kankokai Fukumura Shoten * t ' Futara ShobO. , t - Fuzambo LLi G Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo TOkyO Tokyo Tokyo Gakkai Shishinsha t - -t4: Gamo Kumpei Zenshi Kankokai Kyoto Ganshodo 5 tz t Gendai Kybyb Bunko ~4t'~ 85 Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo

Page  86 86 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS Genkosha Genri Nihonsha ^KtL,? I~ Tokyo Tokyo H Hachigensha /N L %t' Hagiwara Seibunkan F t-T I Hajinkaku Shobo I Hakubunkan, / Hakuhodo Shuppambu j ~_,f Hakuteisha ~: Hakuyosha (: k Haneda Shoten ~,]z Hata Shoten Heian Koko Gakkai tl _,v/ Heibonsha f F,~ Heigo Shuppansha Heirakuji Shoten Hida-gun Kyoikukai g Hieizan Tosho Kankokai i -tfi '] | Y + Hikari no Shob6 Hinode Shimbunsha Hobundo Hobunkan Hobunsha Hokkai Shuppansha,* {, Hokubunkan 5 ' Honen Shonin-den Zenshi Kankokai A^r^M^^]e A —/ Tokyo Toky6 Nagoya Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Kyoto Tokyo Toky6 Kyoto Oita-ken Kyoto Tokyo Kyoto Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Osaka Oita Kyoto Kyoto Tokyo Tokyo K Kadokawa Shoten ',, 1 Tokyo Kaihatsusha 4]; $_ Tokyo Kaikosha - Kyoto Kaizosha, '. ~:5 Tokyo Kaitsusha, A_ TokyO Kaitsusha J,_ T TOkyO Kaizosha e~t,,;~. Tokyo Kaji Sekai Shisha u4, f~ri Tokyo Kanao Bun' endo 41/' )f~_f Kyoto Kanazawa Bunko Jodo Shuten Kenkyikai, LL ~ ~, V Tokyo Kaneko Daiei-shi Chosaku Kankokai 4 };~ ~ f- t'lTz Yokohama Kangensha ~L,: Tokyo Kanshoin ] % Tokyo Kantosha Tokyo Kawade Shobo Tokyo Kazan Sosho Shuppankai +Ja g, W/k Tokyo Kazan-kai Tokyo Keibunsha Tkyo Keimeisha Tokyo KeiO Shuppansha S,' gg Tokyo Keiseisha Shoten Tokyo Kembunsha 4 Tokyo Kensetsusha. Tokyo Kenshin Gakuen Shuppambu.^^.& ^ ~ ~eS, k? Kyoto Kinkodo / -4 Tokyo Kinkodo Shoseki Kabushiki Kaisha /t A t:t j Tokyo Kinseido / 6 / Tokyo Kirisuto Shimbunsha ~ '1 Z 1 ~T Tokyo Kirisutokyo Shiso Sosho Kankokai 7Wf k t'i-tt l t+ k/ Tokyo Kobundo Kyoto Kobundo Tokyo Kobundo Shobo t )t$ Tokyo Kobunkan Tokyo Kobunko Kankokai -fle Tokyo Kobunsha ~- Tokyo Kocho Hikyu Kankokai ~ ~ ~S.^]T/ Tokyo Kodokan i,t / Tokyo Hoashi Kinen Toshokan Hozokan Hyakkaen Hyogensha Hyoronsha X,~ I Ichijo Shobo Ida Shoten Ikkatsusha Ikuei Shoin Ikuhosha Ikuseikai Isseido Ito Shobo Ito Yr.ko-shi Iko Iwanami Shoten Iwasaki Shoten - /II,- tF Ptf _ p —t r; c 9 PX /e Kankokai.'I" XA",Z.! 4T *ta t4X I rlE J Kyoto Tokyo KyOto Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo TOkyO Tokyo Kyoto Tokyo Tokyo Jichosha Jidaisha Jiji Shimbunsha Jimbun Shorin Jingu Kyoin Jingu Shicho Jinja Honcho Jodo Kyohosha Jodo Shuten Kankokai Joso Shimbunsha Junshindo 41- 47 q 1 4~ 4 ~~i-~~~ q 14 Fl~~ Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Mie TokyO TOkyO Tokyo Mito TOkyO Kofu Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha Kogakkai z/? Kogeisha 3 tX4 KOkiji Kokkokan KokkOsha t I~ Kokon Shoin 3 tet: Kokubun Toho Bukkyo Sosho Kankokai Kokubunkan t Kokuhon Shuppansha [f- _ I t Kokumin Bunko Kankokai l _^/ tL Kokumin Seishin Bunka Kenkyisho Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai 1L/", Ft+i Kokushi Koshukai q )..:*/ Kokusho Kankokai t Kokuyaku Zenshu Sosho Kankokai @)|^ |t f1)T Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Osaka Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo

Page  87 APPENDIX I 8 87 K6ky5 Shoin Ll itT6ky5 K~ky6 Shoin t tKy6to Komazawa Daigaku Thky6 K~meisha T~ky6 K6my6 Shis6 Fukyilkai T6ky6 K6nan Shoten >Li &T~ky6 Kond6 ShotenTky Ko-Nitobe Hakase Kinen Jigy6 Jikk6 Iinkai KonkRky6 K6jimachi Ky6kaij'o Toky6 Konnichi no Mondaisha,> T~ky5 K6seikaku T~ky5 Kdseisha K~shisha K6ten K6kyiishoJ K6toku Shoin Koyama Shoten K6yasan Daigaku K6y6 Gakuin K6y6 Shoin K~yiikan Kurozumiky6 Hon Kuwana Bunseid6 Ky~bunkan - Ky6bunkan Shob6 Ky6bunsha Ky6iku Kenkyilkai Ky6ritsusha Ky6to Kokubunsha Ky~to Z6ky6 Shoi Ky6yd Bunko Ky~zaisha [ingii H6saikai Shuppamnbu ich6,~ LAi~ 4In anai r&yot Thky6 T~ky5 T6ky6 T6ky6 T6ky6 Wakayama Tbky5 T6ky5 T~ky6 Okayama Ky~to T~ky6 Toky6 T6ky,5 T6ky6 T~ky6 Ky6to Ky6to T6ky5 T~ky5 Mochizuki Hakase Kanreki Kinenkai Mokuseisha Mombush6 Momnbush5 Ch~sakyoku Sh~imuka Mombush5 Gakumukyoku:~ Morie Shoten;A t Morikita Shoten ~ - Moriyama Shoten J4j- Mugasamb6 - 1 Musashino Shoin N Nagasaki K~ky6 Shingakk6 -j "a ~ ~ {~f& Nagasaki Shoten jk'4 Nagata Bunsh6d6 p i Naigai Shob6p A Naigai Shoseki Kabushiki Kaisha Naigai Shuppan Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Naikaku Insatsukyoku 17511O: Naimush6 Jinjakyoku I* Naka. Shoten or Nanto Bukky6 Kenkyiikai Fp Nanly~d6 F Nichi-Doku Shoin -*, Nichirenshii Shiigaku Zensho Kank~kai Nihon Daiz~ky6 Hensankai Nihon Demp6 Tsiishinsha E3 Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkydkai Nihon Gakujutsu Kenkyiikai Nihon H6s6 Shuppan Ky6kai Nihon Hy6ronsha, 2P Nihon Kagakusha, / —~ Nihon Kokusui Zensho Kank6kai Nihon K6shitsuron Kank6kai Nihon Koten Gakkai ~ 3 /$ A2 Nihon Koten Zenshil Kank~okai Nihon Seinen Ky~iku Shuppamnbu Nihon Seishin Bunka, Kenkyiisho, Nihon-shugi Kenkyrisho ig Nikk6 Shoin Ninomiya Sontoku Igy6 Senly~kai Nishimnura-ke Toshobu Nishiyama Zensho, ~ J / Nish6d6 Shoten ft7,-T- Nissan Shob6fu Nisshin Shoin Nisshiisha Nitt Shoin T6ky6 T6ky6 T~ky6 T6ky5 T~ky6 T~ky(5 T6ky6 T~ky6 T~ky6 T6ky6 Mainichi Shimbunsha -,;L 9 ~g: Makino Shoten Maruzen Kabushiki Kaisha iy~L Meguro Shoten E Meibunsha R Meiji Jingii Shamusho Meiji Seitoku Kinen Gakkai 4P i1$K 4&a4?A Meiji Shoin rMeiji Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha Meiji Shuppansha ElUN: Meiji Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha Melseid6 q Meiseid6 Shoten wtIuI4 Mikasa Shob6 t Mlkky6 Jiten Hensankai All- Mimizu Shob6 Min' y~sha bt-: Miraisha -> * ~4=~ Misuzu Shob6 A..Mitami Shuppan Kabushiki Iaish Mitsui Shuppan Sh6kai * Miyakoshi Taiy6d6 Shob6,&Jt- Mochizuki Bukky6 Kenkyfisho T6ky6 T~ky5 T~ky6 T6ky6 T6ky6 Thky6 Toky6 Thky5 T~ky5 T~ky6 IT~kyO T~ky5 T6ky5 T6ky6 T6ky6 T6ky6 T~ky5 T~ky6 T6ky6 T6ky6 T~kyO T~ky6 Nagasaki T~ky6 Ky~to T~ky6 T6ky6 Ky6to T~ky6 T~ky6 T~ky6 Nara T6ky6 Tt~ky6 T(3ky6 T5ky5 T~ky6 T~ky6 T6ky5 T6ky,6 T6ky6 Ky6to T~ky6 T6ky6 T6ky6 T~ky6 T~ky6 Tt~ky6 T~ky,5 T6ky5 Shizuoka T6ky6 Ky~to T~ky5 T6ky,5 T6ky6 -T6ky6 T6ky5

Page  88 88 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 0 Ogiwara Seibunkan Okura Kobund6 Okura Seishin Bunka Ookayama Shoten Osaka Daigaku Otani Shuppankai Ak4- W, 4 it Kenkyusho t lt A fr% Yol R Rakuyod6o -? Rikugokan A /// Risosha _ t Ritsumeikan Shuppambu,f 4 ~ RokkO Shobo 6 Rokubunkan Rokudai Shimposha, ry Rokugokan / k Ryoshokaku If Ryudai Shuppambu i $ Ryuginsha I v L Ryfkoku Daigaku Ryfikoku Daigaku Shuppambu s Shin-Kigensha Tokyo Shinkosha 4t- Tokyo Tokyo Shinran Shonin Kenkyu Hakkojo Tokyo.,/x, 'f'^ Kyoto Shinshind6o. Osaka kohama Shinshui Sosho Henshujo, ^. Ky6to Toky6 Shinshui Tenseki Kankokai Osaka. - ~ '1 I Tokyo Kyoto Shinto Kokyukai J, / Tokyo Shinto Shfiseiha Kyomukyoku, {f 4f't >(4f* Tokyo Shin' yaku Shob6o 4 f' Tokyo Tokyo Shinzembisha A - I ~- Tokyo Tokyo Shishi Shuppansha Tokyo Tokyo Shishinji g. t Aichi-ken Tokyo Shishi6 Bunko Tokyo Tokyo Shobunkan, 6 g Osaka Tokyo Shokad5o f. Sendai Kyoto Shokado - ~t Tokyo Tokyo Shokasha ~.. Tokyo Tokyo Shoko Shoin - Tokyo Kyoto Shorin Shugaku Kenkyifkaif $ 4A,~ f~'& Tokyo Toky6 Shiibunkaku 4- _ Tokyo Kyoto Shubfinkan ^- $ L Tokyo Shubdnkan ~. Tokyo Kyoto Shugakuin { - y Kyoto Shukusatsu Daizoky6 Kankokai ijA |K1 Tokyo Shunjuisha 1- "- Toky6 Tokyo Shunjfisha Shohakukan i:tj^ Tokyo Shun'yodo k. Tokyo Tokyo Shusuisha,.. Kyoto Shusho Hozonkai Jimusho ' T -, T6ky6 Tokyo Shusuisha Kyoto Toky6 Sogensha ~i[. t Osaka Tokyo Sogensha ]| / Tokyo kayama Sohonzan Minobu Kyuenji, Yamanashi-ken T6ky6 Yamanashi-ken Toky6 Sotoshi Nisoden Hombu i ~fv4l ft T6kyo Tokyo Sotoshu Zensho Kankokai f;, t ' /s Tokyo Tokyo Sugimura Jug6 Sensei Rinri Goshinko Soan Kankokai Tokyo Pt f,* J-l j ^i^ /J6Tokyo Toky6 Suharaya, rlt Tokyo Tokyo Sumida Sensei Ik6 Kankokai Tokyo 6 w t % *' -. T6ky6 Toky6 Suzuki Shigetane Sensei Gakutoku Kenkyokai Tokyo '5,i S,, Tokyo Salt6 Shoten Sakaino Hakase Iko Sankibo Sankib6 Busshorin Sanky6 Shuppansha Sanseid6 San' y6 Shimposha Sasaki Shoin Seibid5 Seibundo Seibund6 Shinkosha Seibunkaku Seigod6 Seikatsusha Seinen Kyoiku Fukyu Seishinsha Seizand6 Shob6 Sekai Hyoronsha Sekai Shoin Sekaisha Seki Shoin Sekiya Shoten Senshinsha Sen'yosha Sesoken Kankokai i- -71-^N 1+1 k -: z B* pi A' t eti. -- A ^ j mIA t do loty^~ \-y i^' 01 Tokyo Toky6 T6ky6 Toky6 Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Toky6 T Shakai Bunka Gakkai _-s / xto -I Tokyo Shakai Shis6 Kenkyukai Shuppambu a+,/; kS 7 Tokyo Shibund6 Tokyo Shibuya Jigai-ke: / A, 1. Kyoto Shikai Shobo6 S - Tokyo Shimizu Shoten - 7i' $/ Tokyo Shinano Mainichi Shimbunsha 4,7, ^ ^-^ ^ Nagano Shinch6sha k -i; ad Toky6 Shingonshii Zensho Kankokai 4 - /t i,' A-1 wJI Wakayama Taguchi Ukichi Zenshii Kankokai Taibunkan > ~, Taigad6 Taikand6 Taiky6sha A Taimeido Tairinkaku e A Taishakyo Hon'in,P Taish6 Issaiky5 Kankokai Takakura Zenshui Kankokai Takano Choei Zenshu Kankokai Takashima Beiho Takeda Bokusaid6, ^., Tokyo Toky6 Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Shimane Tokyo TOkyo Iwate Tokyo Tokyo

Page  89 APPENDIX I 8 89 Takuan Osh6 Zenshfi Kank6kaiU fv7~4 & Takubund6 f-A Tamagawa Daigaku Shuppambu Tamagawa Gakuen Shuppambu Teijisha Shoten Teikoku Kambun Fukyiikai Teikoku Ky6ikukai Shuppansha Tekka Shoin 0At* Tendai Shfimuch6 Ky6gakub Tenj insha Tenriky6 D6ymika T6ad6 T6bund5 Shoten T6daiji T6h6 Shoin T6k6 Shoin T v T6ky6 Daigaku Shuppankai T~ky5 Shinagawa Kami~saki D6-Kenkyiijo T6ky6 Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha T~ky6 Teikoku Daigaku Bukky6 Seinenkai ~1Pql-k T6ky6 Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha I't ~4P r~p T~ky6 Tosho Kank6kai #~ T6ky6d6 ~ - Thmei ShobO T~rin Shob6 T~sei Shuppansha Tosho Kank6kai 4'T6yO B unko T6y6 Tosho Kank6kai ~~ T~yU Tosho Kabushiki Kih T6y6 Tosho Kabushiki G6shi Kaisha U1 T~ky5 T~ky6 T6ky6 T~ky6 Ky~to T~ky6 T6ky6 T~ky5 T6ky6 T6ky6 Nara Nagoya Nara T~ky5 T6ky6 T6ky6 T~ky6 T6ky5 T~ky5 T~kyd Osaka T~ky6 T~ky5 T~ky6 T~ky6 T~ky5 T~ky6 T~ky6 T~kyO T~ky6 T~ky6 y Yagi Shoten tr Yakumo Shoten tt S rl Yamada H~koku Zenshii Kank~kai Yamaichi Shob5 'IYamakawa Shoten ~'J Yamamoto BunkadO Yamazaki H~bunkan Lk ~ U Yanagihara Shoten $ f Yoshida Shoten Yoshida Yahei Yoshikawa K~bunkan Yoshikawa Ky~bunkan gr zjr Yo~yogi Shoin O{ ' Yoyosha Yidhikaku YiihMd Yukawa K~bunsha; i Yi~k~d5 Yidk~sha Yiizankaku z T~ky6 T~ky5 Okayama Tokyo T~ky6 Ky~to Ky~to Osaka TRkyO T~kyO Tokyo T~ky6 T~kyO TOky6 T~kyO T~kyO T~ky5 Tokyo T~ky6 TOkyo Zenkoku Shobd Zenninsha Z~gensha Z~kyO Shoin /- A t ill - Till ,, A,*- t t Osaka Ky~to T~ky6 and Osaka T~ky6 Ubunkan -P~Uemura Zenshii Kank~kai- el Sj4 Unebi Shob5 lii U shio Shob6 w T~kyO T~ky6 T~ky6 T~ky6 Wak~sha Waseda Daigaku Nihon-shugikai - ~ 1 vo 7HCIs*, i Waseda Daigaku Shuppambu Waseda Daigaku Shuppansho T~ky6 T~kyO T~kyO T~ky6

Page  90

Appendix II

pp. 91-96

Page  91 APPENDIX II List of Authors and Editors Abe Jinz6 852 Abe Jir6 71 Abe Masato 701 Abe Yoshimune 796 Adachi Ritsuen 678 Adachi Shir6kichi 4 Adachi Soen 681 Aida Hanii 327 Aizawa Yasushi 617 Akamatsu Chizen 437 Akamatsu Shimmy5 509, 510 Akegarasu Haya 543 Akita-ken Kensha Yataka Jinja H6sankai 748 Akiyama Hanji 495, 502 Akizawa Shiiji 92 And6 Bun'ei 500 Anezaki Masaharu 325, 523, 782, 784, 785,9 786 Anguin 137 Anzu Motohiko 171 Aoki Keimaro 296 Aoyama Gakuin Daigaku Majima Kinen Toshokan 795 Arai Takichi 605 Arima Sukemasa 82, 696 Asahi Shimbunsha 362 Asami Keisai Sensei Icho Hensankai 600 Asano Akimitsu 162 Asano Akira 869 Asano Kenshin 90, 276, 277, 532 Asayama Ensh5 395 Ashikaga Enjutsu 561 As6 Yoshiteru 840, 907 Azuma Shintar6 65 B Baien-kai 658 Bamba Masatomo 572 Ban Nobutomo 750 B&ch Shidankai 687 Bukky6 Gakkai 300 Bukky6 Ky6kai 300 Bukky6 Shakai Gakuin 916 Bukky6 Shis6 Fukyil Kyo-kai 541 Bussho Kank6kai 205 Buttan Nisen Gohyakunen Kinen Gakkai 291 Butten Kenkyiikai 217 Buzan Zensho, Kankokai 364 C Chiba Sakae 150 Chiba-ken Ky~ikukai 694 Chiigai Nipp6 Henshiikyoku 182 D Dai-Nippon Keishinkai 175 Date Mitsuyoshi 6 Denki Gakkai 597, 718 D6gen Zenji 501 E Ebina Danj6 811, 812 Ebizawa Arimichi 787, 790 Ekken-kai 589 End6 Rylikichi 29 Etani Ryiiki, 374, 397 Et6 Soku6 496, 501 F Fugen Daien 416 Fujii Kenjird 900, 901 Fujii Sadafumi 152 Fujimoto Ryiitai 375 Fujimura Hakase K6seki Kinenkai 31 Fujinaga Seitetsu 403, 422 Fujita Tokutar6 2 Fujiwara Yiisetsu 247, 410 Fukaura Sh~bun 268, 312 Fukazaku Yasufumi 964 Fukihara Sh6shin 313 Fukuda Gy6ei 335 Fukuda Kiyoto 820 Fukumoto Kazuo 76 Fukushima Masao 74 Fukuzawa Yukichi Chosaku Hensankai 849 Fukuzumi Masae 669 Funaguchi Kazutoshi 978 Furukawa Tesshi 22, 70,9 606, 699 Furuno Kiyoto 155 Furuta, Sh~kin 478 Fushimi Takeya 852 G Got6 Sabur6 599 Goyuini Yasujir5 641 Gunsho Ruijfi Kank~kai 127 H Hakuin Osh6 Zenshii Hensankai 482 Hamada Yosuke 876 Hanayama Shinsh6 264, 320, 323, Hani Gor5 579, 664, 728 Hara Fusataka 955 Hara Masao 166 Harada Toshiaki 102 Hasegawa Yiijir6 932 Hashida, Kunihiko 505 Hashikawa Tadashi 234, 236, 237, Hashimoto Bunji 158 Hashimoto G6ken 944 Hashimoto Minoru 702, 704 Hatani Ry~tai 285, 286 Hatano Seiichi 875, 877, 878 Hattori Bennosuke 673 Hattori Shis6 440 Hattori Unokichi 547 324, 326, 347 254 91

Page  92 92 92 ~~A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS Hayashi Senz5 590 Hayashi Taiun 459 Hayata Gend6 931 Hazama Jik6 260, 333, 342 Hida-gun Ky6ikukai 593 Hieizan Senshiiin 346 Higo Kazuo 66, 108, 191, 619, 962 Higusa J6zan 466 Hiraga Gennai Sensei Kensh6kai 768 Hirai Sh~kai 394 Hiraizumi Ch6 (Kiyoshi) 56, 57, 598, 632, 976, 979 Hirano Gitar6 864 Hirata Toshiharu 62 Hiratsuka, Masunori 800 Hiroki Isao 915 Hirose Tsunekichi 810 Hirose Yutaka 631, 647 Hiroshima Bunridai Hiroshima K6shi Seishin Kagakkai, 973 Hisamatsu Senlichi 725 Hisamatsu Shinlichi 288, 467, 468 Hiyane Yasusada 84, 777, 797, 799, 801 Hoashi Kinen Toshokan 693 H6j6 Takejir5 612 Honj6 Eijir6 114, 685 Hori Ichir6 98, 99, 256, 257, 258, 260, 345 Hori Isao 648 Hosokawa Kameichi 314 H6z6kan Henshiibu 407 I Ienaga Sabur5 80, 87, 263, 319, 320, 764, 827, 844, 845 Iida Toshiyuki 506 Iimori Furniharu 183 Iizuka Shigetake 603 Ikari Mataz6 195, 949 Ikawa J~kei 388 Inaba Enj6 418 Inaba Sh6gan 442, 443 Inada Kaiso 512 Inrai Jinja 732 Inazu Kiz6 537 Inoue Tetsujir6 3, 227, 553, 575, 576, 577, 696, 697, 873, 874 Irizawa Munehisa 588 Ishida Baigan 678 Ishida Bunshir6 30, 705 Ishida Kurmasabur6 751 Ishida Mosaku 310, 317 Ishida YE 837 Ishihama Juntar6 690 Ishihara Ken 879 Ishii Ky6d6 384, 386, 391, 392, 393 Ishii Ry6suke 194 Ishikawa Iwakichi 961 Ishikawa Ken 682, 683, 684 Ishikawa Mikiaki 850 Ishimura Teikichi 756 Ishizu Teruji 340 Isono Kiyoshi 717 1t6 Kei 269 1t6 Tasaburb 722, 724, 956 It6 Ydk6 380 Itoga Kunijlr6 565 Itsumi Nobusaburd 713 Iwahashi Junsei 556,' 566, 656 Iwaki Masaru 94 Iwami Mamoru 270 Iwanami Shigeo 7 Iwano Shinlyii 206, 293 Iwasaki K6gen 381 Iwashita S6ichi 909 Iwata Kyfitar6 920 Izu Kimio 607 Jiji Shimp6sha 848 Jimbo Nyoten 500 Jingii Shich6 123, 126, 188 J6chi Daigaku 793 J6doshii Seizanha Shiimuin 373 J6doshii Shiiten Kank6kai 370, 372 K Kada Tetsuji 110, 115, 116, 117 Kaigo Muneomi 863 Kaji Rytiichi 859, 860 Kakei Katsuhiko 991, 992 Kakumitsu Kiyoshi 594 Kamei Nobuaki 655 Kamo Momoki 734 Kanayama Atsuyoshi 357, 358, 361 Kaneko Daiei 243, 281, 284, 423, 426, 433, 436, 439, 452, 453 Kaneko Takanosuke 624 Kanie Yoshimaru 553 Kanokogi Inshin 988 Kanzaki Issaku 154 Karaki Junz6 905 Kashiwahara Yiigi 406, 430 Kashiwai Mitsuz6 824 Katayama Masanao 879 Kat6 Bunga 517 Kat6 Genchi 120, 138, 161, 179, 185, 186 Kat6 Hatsuo 593 Kat6 Jimpei 651, 654 Kat6 Takeo 752 Kat6 Totsud6 5, 97, 295, 945 Kawai Eijir6 838 Kawai Teiichi 853, 968 Kawashima Takeyoshi 119 Kazai Daishil 405 Keigaku-kai 646 Kenshin Gakuen 302 Kido Hantar6 105 Kihira Tadayoshi 967, 9,0 Kikuchi Kenjir6 613., 618 Kimura Taiken 303, 304, 305 Kinoshita Kaijun 757 Kirisutoky~shi Gakkai 794 Kishimoto Hideo 834 Kita, Shiitar6 924 Kitamura Sawakichi 564 Kitao Nichidai 524 Kiyohara Sadao 18, 19, 37, 143, 649, 720, 839, 842, 957, 958, 959 Kizaki Aikichi 591 Kizaki K~sh6 592 Kobayashi Kenz6 144, 153 K~bund6 Henshiibu 897

Page  93 APPENDIX II 9 93 Koda Narutomo 639 K6da Rentar6 476 K~da Shigetomo 63 Koizuini Shinz6 851 Kojima Kogor6 55 K~k6d6 230, 444 Kokumin Bunko Kank6kai 207, 545 Kokumin Seishin Bunka Kenkyiisho 213, 584, 950 Kokusho Kank~okai 586, 760 Kokuyaku Zenshil S~sho Kank6kai 456 Komazawa Daigaku Toshokan 486 Komoda Man'ichir6 947 Kond6 Kiyoshi 716 K~no Sh~z6 27, 167, 168,- 177, 181, 731 K6saka Masaaki 833, 882, 883 K6yama Iwao 886, 907, 908 Koyama Tadashi 735 Koyanagi Shigeta. 555 Kozaki Zenshil Kank6kai 815 Kubo Tenzui 560 Kugimiya Takeo 287 Kuki Shiiz6 899 Kume Kunitake 147 Kuinura Toshio 626 Kurano Kenji 48 Kurebayashi K6-d6 504 Kurita Kan 131 Kuroda ShintO 387 Kurokawa Shind6 754 Kurozumi Muneko 927 Kusaka Murin 411 Kuwaki Gen'yoku 846, 858 Ky6gakukyoku 953 Ky6to Shisekikai 585 M Maeda Ch6zui 390 Maeda Koreyama Ry6wajZb Koki Kinenkai 401 Maeda Toshikama 912 Maeno Kiyoji 589 Magoda Hideharu 955 Mainichi Shimbunsha 274 Maki Kenji 965 Makita Tairy6 474 Maruyama Masao 69 Masamune Atsuo 637 Masunaga Reih 491, 498 Masutani Fumio 228, 535 Masuzawa Kiyoshi 653 Matsumiya Kazuya 798 Matsumoto Bunzabur6 249, 267 Matsumoto Nobuhiro 106 Matsumura Katsumi 805, 879 Matsumura Takeo 103, 107 Matsuoka Shizuo 100, 104 Matsuzaki Minoru 778 Meiji Daigaku Shigakukai 963 Mibu Sh~jun 272 Mikami Sanji 68 Miki Kiyoshi 904 Miki Rof ii 791 Minami Hajime 804 Minami Shigeki 715 Minoda Kyobki 986 Minzoku Shiiky6 Kenkyiikai 923 Mishima Kichitar6 692 Mita Gensh6 779 Mitsui Sh~shi 208 Miura Shiik6 44 Miura T6saku 83 Miyai Yoshio 59, 90 Miyaji Naoichi 134, 139, 146, 159, 173 Miyajima Sukeo 483 Miyake Kiyoshi 727, 733 Miyake Setsurei 841 Miyamoto Sh6son 536 Miyauchi Sotai 455 Miyazaki Enjun 259 Mizoguchi Komaz6 164, 165 Mizuhara Gy~ei 354, 369 Mizutani Hisashi 415 Mochizuki Shinky6 221, 233, 251, 318, Mochizuki Shinsh6 322 Mombush5 96, 952 Mombush6 Ch6sakyoku Shiimuka 156 Mombush6 Futsii Gakumukyoku 41, 969 Mombush6 Ky6gakukyoku 954 Mori Daiky6 457 Mori K6ichi 914 Mori Ryfikichi 271 Mori Senz6 770 Morita Ryiisen 363 Moriyama Seishin 350 Morohashi Tetsuji 570 Mozume Takami 129 Mujaku D6chii 458 Murakami Senj6 133, 298, 408 Murakami Toshio 261 Murakami Toshisuke 835 Muraoka Tsunetsugu 24, 32, 580, 738, Murayama Shiiichi 61 Murota Taiichi 746 3, 187 376, 377, 387 740, 781 N Naganuma Kenkai 89 Nagasaka Kaneo 275 Nagata Hiroshi 67, 92, 828, 829 Nagata Kenjir6 64 Nagayoshi Jir5 703 Nait5 Chis6 15 Nait6 Torajir6 35 Nakae Tokusuke 859, 860 Nakajima Hiromitsu 132 Nakajima Kura 667 Nakamura Hajime 46, 78 Nakamura Kikuo 855 Nakamura Kyiishir6 571 Nakamura Naokatsu 1'?8 Nakanishi Asahi 169 Nakatani Ry6ei 521 Nakayama Enji 292 Nakayamna Keiichi 921, 925 Nakayamna Kyiishir5 650 Nakazawa Kemmy6 409, 434 Nanto Bukky5 Kenkyilki 329 Naramoto Tatsuya 43, 630 Nawada Jir6 893 Negishi Kichisabur5 808 Nichirenshii Zensho Shuppankai 511, 516 Nihon Daiz~ky6 Hensankai 204 Nihon K6d6kai 861

Page  94 94 94 ~~A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS Nihon Koten Gakkai 596, 602 Nihon Shiiky6shi Kenkyiikai 91 Nihon Shaky6 Zenshii Kank~kai 214 Niijima J5 806 Ninagawa Shin 197 Nishi Shinlichiro 581, 635, 717, 889, 890, 891, 892, 894 Nishida Nagao 145 Nishida Naojir5 23 Nishida Tenk5 943 Nishimitsu Gijun 238 Nishimura Fuminori 614, 616, 620 Nishimura Kengy6 445 Nishimura Shigeki 862 Nishimura Shinj i 86 7 Nishimura Tenshdi 562 Nishioka Toranosuke 40 Nishitani Keiji 906 Nitobe Inaz6 709 Noe Shilichi 538 Nomnura Denshir5 759 Nomura Hachiro 52, 60, 170, 719, 721 Nomura Kentar6 111, 112, 657, 854 Nonomura Naotar5 399 Norman., E. H. 689 Nozaki Hiroyoshi 911 Nukaruya Kaiten 508 Nuinada Jir5 765 0 Oda Tokun6 224 Oc Bunj6 559 Ogata Hiroyasu 753 Ogata Tomio 774 Ogawa Kand5 555 Ogiwara Unrai 218 Oguchi Iichi 93 Ogushi Toyoo 982 Ohara Shbjitsu 417, 429 Oikawa Giemon 196, 830 Oishi Arata 736 Oka Kunio 819 Okada Akio 780 Okada Gih6 489 Okada Semp6 490 Okawa Shigeo 715 Old Y~d6 700 Okino Iwasabur6 180, 190, 747 Okubo D6shii 488, 494, 497 Okubo Toshiaki 847, 856 Okuda Shinkei 149 Okudaira Sh~ichi 674 Okura Seishin Bunka, Kenkyiisho 135, 136 Okutani Matsuji 675 Omiya Heima 132 Onishi Teiji 53, 54 Onki H6sankai 367 Ono Gemmy6 198, 223 Ono Hideo 833 Ono Masayasu 985 Ono Seiichi 660 Ono Seiichlr6 264 Ono Takeo 666 Origuchi Shinobu 101 Osaka Daigaku 595 6saka Mainichi Shimbunsha 299 Osatake Takeshi 766 Oshima Seisaku 278 Otani Daigaku 301 O~tani K~zui 447 Oya Tokuj6 252 Oyama Shikitar6 113 Ozawa Masatane 712 Ozeki Naoshi 983 Ris6sha 42 Rissh6 Daigaku Shfigaku Kenkyiisho 515 Ryti Shuku 698 Ryiikoku Daigaku 222, 290 Ryiikoku Daigaku Toshokan 219, 225 S, Saegusa Hiroto 1, 35, 39, 86, 659, 661, 662, 761, 872, 966 Saeki Ariyoshi 121, 128, 130, 141 Saeki Shingo 975 Sagara T~ru 567 Saig() Nobutsuna 728 Saitb Tokutar5 568, 708 Saiff Yuishin 378, 420 Sakaino K6y6 242, 282 Sakaki Ryiizabur5 360 Sakata Yoshio 75, 707, 835 Sakisaka Itsur5 847 Sakurai Masashi 88 Sakurai Sh~kichi 732 Sakurai Sh~tar6 72 Samura Hachir6 549 Sanami Wataru 814 Sasai Shintar6 668, 669, 670, 671, 672 Sasaki Gessh6 Senshii Kankobkai 446 Sasaki Kazuo 506 Sasaki Kentoku 337, 341, 348 Sasaki Nobutsuna 734, 737, 749 Sasazuki Kiyomi 741 Sat6 Nobue 870, 887 Sat6 Tokuji 245, 971 Sat6 Toyokichi 601 Sat6 Tstiji 984 Seiten Kank6kai 404,' 485 Sekai Rekishi Jiten Henshiibu 10 Seki Giichir6 548, 550, 551, 552, 554 Seki Ryfiji 714 Seki Yoshinao 554 Sekine Etsur6 629 Sekiyama Nobu 610 Senge Sonlyt1 933 Setani Yoshihiko 615, 622 Shibata Ichir6 513 Shibuya Jigai 332 Shibuya Ry~tai 331 Shigematsu Nobuhiro 26, 730 Shigy'6 Kaishil 526 Shilo Benky5 533, 539 Shimaji Dait6 283, 336, 421, 528 Shimakage Chikai 915 Shimizu Rytizan 519, 521, 522 Shimizutani Ky~jun 339 Shimoide Fusakichi 118 Shimomura Toratar6 881 Shinano Ky6ikukai 623 Shingonshii Zensho, Kanko-kai 353 Shimmura Izuru 789 Shinshd Seikyo Zensho, Hensansho, 402

Page  95 APPENDIX II 9 95 Shint6 K~kyiikai 160 Shint6 Shiiseiha Ky~mukyoku 929 Shi~oiri Ry~chii 344 Shiraishi Masakuni 680 Shitahodo Yiikichi 628, 676, 677 Sh6toku Taishi H6sankai 328 Shukusatsu Daiz6ky6 Kank6kai 203 Shfisho Hozonkai 371 SoMl Sen'y~kai 359 Soga Ry6jin 424, 435, 448, 449, 450, 451 Sot~shii Zensho Kank~kai 484 So-tbosh Nis6shi Hensankai 492 Sugi Shiro 383 Sumida Chiken 385, 419 Sumiya Mikio 802 Suzuki Ch~k6 239 Suzuki Daisetsu 289, 397, 398, 470, 472, 478, 480, 481 Suzuki Issei 518 Suzuki Seisetsu 769 Suzuki Teitar6 [=Suzuki Daisetsu] 469 Suzuki Tetsuin 477 Suzuki Toshir6 821 T Tabata Shinobu 868 Tachibana Jun' ichi 758 Taga Munehaya 58 Tagawa Daikichir6 190 Takachiho Tetsuj6 389 Takada Shinji 557 Takagami Kakush6 306, 355, 540 Takahashi Shinlichi 763 Takahashi Shunj6 636 Takai Kankal 368 Takakura Teru 695 Takakura Zenshii Kank6kai 823 Takakusu JunjirU 198, 212, 229, 318, 322, 530 Takamine Ry~shii 316 Takano Ch6un 773 Takase Daljir6 642 Takase Takejir6 578 Takasu Yoshijir6 608, 609, 621 Takeda Y~ikichi 47 Takeoka. Katsuya 25, 72, 726 Takeuchi Matsuji 652 Takeuchi Riz6 8, 9 Takeuchi Shikibu 604 Takeuchi Yoshinori 438 Takeuchi Yoshio 469, 562 Takimoto Seiichl 109, 663 Takizawa Katsumi 884, 891 Takuan Osh6 Zenshii Kankokai 475 Tamamuro Taij6 241, 499 Tamura Eitar6 771 Tamura Ench5 413 Tanabe Hajime 503, 895, 896, 898 Tanaka Akira 987 Tanaka Chigaku 525 Tanaka Kan'lchi 969 Tanaka S6gor6 192 Tanaka Yoshit6 28, 163, 922, 926, 928, 930, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941 Taniguchi Masaharu 942 Tanimura IchitarO 686 Tashiro Jinki 700 Taya Raishun 226 Taya, Yoritoshi 414 Teiken Taguchi Ukichi Zenshil Kank6kai 866 Teikoku Ky6ikukai 574 Tendai Shilten Kank6kai 334 Tendaishii Eizan Gakuin 343 Terada G6 633 Teraishi Masamichi 563 Terumine Keizan 479 T?5daij i 3 30 T5ju Shoin 634 Tokita Ekichi 665 Tokiwa Daij6 248 Toku Taiju 425 Tokugawa-k6 Keishii Shichijiinen Shukuga Kinenkai 573 Tokushi Yiish5 441 Tokushige Asakichi 38, 831, 832 Tokutomi Ichifo- 627 [=Tokutomi Soh6] Tokutomi Soh6 809 F'okyFo Teikoku Daigaku Bukky6 Seinenkai 308, 527 Tomita Gakujun 352, 365 Tomita K6kei 670 Tomita Masafumi 849 Tomomatsu Entai 534 Torii Hiroo 86, 84-3 Tosaka Jun 913 T6sh~daiji Kaigakuin 311 Toyama Taikan 431 Tsuchiya Senky5 85, 836 Tsuda Keibu 148 Tsuda S6kichi 17, 36, 50, 51, 142, 193, 582 Tsuji Zennosuke 20, 21, 235,' 244, 246 Tsukamoto Katsuyoshi 617 Tsumaki Naoyoshi 400 Tsurufuji Ikuta 918 U Ueda Daisuke 493 Ueda Mannen 679, 743 Ueda Seiji 888 Uehara Senroku 544 Ueki Naoichir6 697, 948 Uemura Kank6 464, 465 Uemura Katsuya 12 Uemura Zenshil Kank~kai 813 Uesugi Bunshii 338 Uesugi Egaku 405 Ui Hakuju 225, 240, 280 Umehara. Shinryii 400, 432 Uno Enkii 910 Uno Tetsujin 946 Uoki Tadakazu 803, 807 Urakawa Wasabur6 788, 792 w Wada Toshihiko 151 Wakamori Tar6 262 Waseda Daigaku Henshftbu 544 Washio Junkei 13, 255, 277, 279, 2943, 461, 462 Watanabe Hiroshi 611 Watanabe Kaikyoku 198 Watanabe Klnz6 744 Watanabe Tait6 688 Watanabe Yosuke 706 Watanabe Umeo 917

Page  96 96 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS Watari Sh6zabur6 710, 960, 974 Watsuji Tetsur6 33, 34, 49, 77, 79, 902, 903 Y Yabe Zenzabur6 184 Yabuki Keiki 531 Yamabe Shiugaku 437 Yamada Bunsh6 253, 412, 413 Yamada Ichiei 513 Yamada Jun 638, 640, 641, 643 Yamada Kanz6 742 Yamada Kodo 487 Yamada Reirin 507 Yamada Yoshio 140, 729, 923, 977, 980, 989 Yamaguchi-ken Ky6ikukai 625 Yamakawa Chi6 520 Yamakawa Uichi 125 Yamamoto Yutaka 691 Yamamoto Shuko 775, 776 Yamamoto Tsunetomo 700 Yamaoka Tesshii 701 Yamazaki Masatada 644 Yanagida Kenjuro 358, 885 Yanagida Kunio 157 Yanaibara Tadao 709, 818, 822 Yashiro Kuniji 706 Yasui Kotaku 418, 424, 558 Yasuoka Masaatsu 972 Yokoi Tokio 645 Yokoyama Haruichi 825 Yokoyama Shigeru 137 Yoshida Jochi 970 Yoshida Kumaji 862, 951 Yoshida Sh6kin 478 Yoshii Ryoko 176 Yoshino Sakuz6 826 Yumoto Takehiko 961 Yutsugi Ry6ei 315 z Zengaku Taikei Hensankyoku 454 Zenkoku Shinshokukai 189

Appendix III

pp. 97-102

Page  97 APPENDIX III SUBJECT INDEX The following Index is based primarily upon those names of authors, titles, and general topics that are discussed in the commentaries. It provides in this way a supplement to the table of contents. The names of historical figures are those most commonly used (e.g. Kobo5-and not KQkai, H6nen and not Genku) A Aichi-ken A }t4. school, 716 Aizawa Seishisai - j —I (1782-1863), 615, 617, Ajia wa ichi ^>7 \ - 871 Akutagawa Ryunosuke t') I lb (1892-1927), 871 Amaterasu Omikami k,_,;, 166 Amida (Amitabha) P TJ, 425 Amidaky6 MI3X; (Sukhavati vyuha), 421 Analects (Lun-y/i y-u ), 548 Anatmya, 502 Ando Sh6eki -~ (ca. 1730), 688, 689, 828, 84, Arai Hakuseki *F( (1657-1725), 70, 114, 568, 57! 605-607 Arhat, 268 Arima Sukemasa ~,. *f', 186 Asami Keisai -,q, (1652-1711), 565, 600, 601 Asanga, 288 Ashikaga S #I\ school, 564 Asuka period (Asuka jidai i,,t I/ ), 33, 252 Avatamsaka (sect and sultra), 315, 316; see also Kegon B Ban K6kei ~ f t. (1733-1806), 16 Ban Nobutomo 4lpt- (1733-1846), 750 Bankei V! i (1621-1693), 478-481 Bansha nO goku i f ^, 770 Bash6o,,, (1644-1694), 502 Benedict, Ruth, 193 Bentham, Jeremy, 846 Bodhidharma, 463 Bodhisattva, 61 Bonanken Shint6o ~ 'tt~t, 153 Book of Tea, 869 Buddha, 61, 268, 309, 534 Buddhasmrti, 296; see Nembutsu Buddhism, 1-10, 31-46, 57, 61, 80, 81, 87, 88, 92, 196, 198-554, 726, 729, 775, 797, 803, 834, 945, 961, 973, 981 Buddhist psalms, 414 Bukkyo taikei;, 500 Burke, 976 Bushi - -, 57, 80, 149, 696-711 Bushid6o fA4.t, 81, 121, 647, 649, 651, 696-710, 787, 945, 961, 969, 971, 976 Butsumy6kai /7^2~, 262 Buzan school (Buzanha f-il k( ), 364 China, 21, 36, 46, 764, 797, 874, 902, 967 964 Buddhism 233, 240, 248, 259, etc. Ching-t'u,5 _- sect, 370 Confucianism 544-546, 549, 558, 571, 578, etc. Ming an dynasty 474 Sung,. dynasty 478 = T'ang f~ dynasty 296 T'ien-t'ai K sect, 335-336, 338, 340-341 and Shint6o._ 142 4 Chonin Vy./ (merchants), 35, 75, 78, 80, 110, 595, 9, 680, 722, 844 Christianity, 88, 96, 185, 263, 528, 775-825, 834, 865, 879, 943 Chu Hsi,-T (1130-1200), 576. See Shushi Ch'u tz'u [', 547 Chuang-tzu J -, 70 Confucianism, 1-10, 36, 37, 56, 65-81, 110, 545-695, 704, 726, 728, 729, 775, 803, 889, 945, 949, 961, 989 "Constitution in 17 articles" (Jushichijo kempo t 6t4, '-. ^ ), 326, 327, 543 D Dainichikyo 8,E (Vairocana sutra), 353 Dai-Nihonshi kta/ t, 131 Dengyo t, 4T, also known as Saicho k -' (767-822), 43, 213, 248, 264, 270, 272, 343-345 Dewey, John, 888 Dhyina (Zen), 491 Doctrine of the mean (Chung yung ~ I ), 548 Dogen 'L, (1200-1253), 33, 259, 263, 270, 272, 274, 292, 494-506 Doshisha I).- -- University 807 E Ebina Danjo 6 / E-~, 810-812 Eight sects (Hasshui /'- ), 300 Eisai *t i (1141-1215), 270, 473; cf. Yosai Ekayana, 250 Emperor (Tenn6o k ), 68, 82, 191-197, 289, 952, 974, 984 Engiron..,, 341 Ennin 1| =-, 250 En no Gy6ja zit^, 142 Eshin A vr (942-1017), 346-348; see Genshin Essays in Zen Buddhism, 397 Et6 Soku6o * f ]., 250, 529 C Catholicism, 776, 778-793, 909 Causation, 341 Chien-chen (Ganjin) /4 L-, 311 97

Page  98 98 98 ~~~A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS F Folk religion, 3, 97-102, 780 French Revolution, 976 Fuchi K~zan fp 4k 636 Fujii Kenjir6 900, 901 Fudoki 1-4 7, 107 Fujita T~ko (1806-1855), 61 Fujita Yi~koku (1774-1828), 613 Fujiwara Seika 72 (1561-1619), 16 Fukko j~school, 7 Fukko Shinto f 87, 153 Fukuba Hoshfi,)v4i 463; Fukuzawa Yukichi 44,:V (1834-1901), 844, 845, 847, 848-855 Funayama Shinkichi p1A4z,966 Fus6:R4 sect, 936 18-621 31614 BP 576, 584 see Hakuin 579, 828, G Gamo Kumpei it~f (1768-1813), 692 Ganjin (Chien-chen) (688-763), 311 Gansh6 ft TL, 417 Gatha of correct belief, 430; see also Sh6shingeGengo 661 Genj i monogatari 6- ~\j~~,38, 740 Genshi shiroku w/~~ijj~, 642 Genshin '. (Eshin t. \c )(942-1017), 270, 346, 348 German idealism, 576, 577, 872, 874 German Protestantism., 804 Goichidai monjo ~~ - -4A, 442 Gomizunoo Tenn6 J<~ (reigned 1612-1629), 641 Gosan -T-2 diliterature,464, 465, 560, 561, 564 Goy~zei Tenn,, ); (reigned 1587-1611), 586 Goroku, 476-484 Great Learning (Ta hsiieh 7Zr ),548 Greek thought, 879 Gukansh5 0,, -V-r, 4 Gyonen >W (1240-1321), 385 H Hagakure zensho,700 Haiku 41F 6, 583, 655 Hakuin i -. (1685-1768), 272, 463, 482 Hamamatsu,735 Han Fei-tziiU 547 Hanazono Tenno (reigned 1308-1318), 272, 482 Hanawa Hokinoichi ti6-(1746-1821), 126 Hara Yoshitane:k - 16 Hashimoto Keigaku ~4 ---,976 Hashimoto Sanai (1834-1859), 646 Hatamoto * 197 Hatano Seiichi;~i t2 -,875-879 Hayashi Razan J i (1583-1657), 66, 569, 576, 585-586 Hayashi Shihel4i3~~ (1738-1793), 691 Hegel,9 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 886, 970 Heisen I 'M, 176 Hideyoshi*+- (1536-1598), 63 Hieizan ~-L t, 250, 349 Himorogi I, 153, 973 Hiraga. Gennai ~!5r IJ 768 Hiraizumi Kiyoshi y-T 1 632 Hirata Atsutane - (1776-1843), 717, 719, 74P, 748,' 7591, 964 Hirose Tans6 - ~ O (1782-1856), 593-594, 757 Hisamatsu Sen' ichi ~7i -, 953 Hito no michi v&tA~?i sect, 915, 944 H~j5 Tokimune -A~~i- (1251-1284), 462 H~j6 Tokiyori 11~,, j *k (1227-1267), 462 Honda Toshiaki 13- 41z' PM (1744-1821), 114,9 685 Honda Y6ichi 4 ~~(1849 -1912), 797 H6nen (1133-1212), 250, 270, 297, 386-393, 409 Hongaku4**~,283 Hongan ~ 376, 450, 452 Honseki /t 40 H5on,72 Honi Ichir5 i 3, 93, 97, 328 Hoss5 't - sec, 299 Hotari Banri c~ —, 693 H6toku 1 672-675; cf. Ninomiya Sontoku Hyakugaku renkan Y ~,856 Hyakuichi shinron -j - 856, 858 Ideguchi Wanisaburr) U -/ 919 Ienaga Sabur6 r./7 B & 328, 849 Ih~roku ~L, 682 I ki,899 Imperial house 279, 705, 753; see also Emperor Imperial rescript on education (ky~iku chokugo ~~ ~193, 704, 827, 828, 835, 894, 900, 947, 950, 951, 957, 960 Inari4( &, 108, 249 India, 267, 312, 377, 491, 539 Indian Buddhism, 46, 233 249, 280 Inobe Shigeo -~T~j-VNh, 697 Inoue Tetsujiro k ~-tk/' t3 (1855-1944), 182, 186, 697, 865, 873, 874, 900, 901, 967 Introduction to the Principles of Moral Law, 846 Introduction to Zen Buddhism, 467 In'y6 Shint6 1 99 Ippen -A- (1239-1289), 270, 395 Ise 1~,' shrines, 123, 188, 958 Ise Teij6 ff V JA ~(1817-1874), 756 Ishida Baigan (1685-1744), 581, 678, 679, 682 Isonokami 4~z z shrines, 146 t6 Baiu 7 4T 4~L, 655 ItJ Jinsai j (1627-1705), 548, 569, 575, 652 -Itt~en - 'kT i],943 Japanese socialism, 798 Jesuits, 787 Ji 4y sect, 302 Jien PIF~ (1155-1225), 58 Jikk6 ~ i sect, 935 Jimmu Tenn.6 ~~-~ Kt 586 Jinn6 sh6to-ki 4 ~-FE y 1, 142 Jitsugaku ~j~,644 Jiun 01, 367 Jiyii-minken I~ t47 118 J6do ~~ cL sect, 222, 250, 252, 302, 370-399, 409 J~do genryiish6,385 J~doshiishi j3? 3 3l J~gii Sh6toku h56 teisetsu.~ 319, 327

Page  99 APPENDIX III 99 K Kabuki ~{-,249 Kada Azumamaro j'" t~i74-4 (1669-1736), 732, 733, 746 Kagawa Kageki ~L)~~ (1768-1843), 72 Kagawa Toyohiko /1)~ 825 Kaibara Ekken ~ (1630-1714), 582, 587 -589 Kaiho Seiry6 rjkftl- (1755-1817), 583, 686, 687 Kaji Masasumi (1791-1858), 753 Kakuch4,t _4 (962-1037), 349 Kameyama Tenn6 &d-1 kAi (reigned 1260-1274), 461 Kam i 6 61, 740 Kamo Mabuchi I, NA~iAi (1697-1769), 716, 734-737, 717, 728, 746 Kanai Noburu 47, 838 Kanazawa 7tV Library, 561, 564 Kanda K6hei ~~ ffl-tjt, 840 Kaneko Daiei 47 3- ~KT~, 328, 213, 973 Kannagara no michi,144 Kant6sha IL,127 Karmna, 284, 494, 502 k Kashiwai Mitsuza 4T +~ t-#,t 824 Kasuga ~,, 9 shrines, 145 Kat5 Hiroyuki Po ~~ (1836-19 16), 840, 847, 868 Katsu Kaishild~ -i- (1823-1899), 701 Kaz6in,272 Kegon -- sect and siitra, 264, 315, 316, 330 Kei Tf, 155 Keichdl~~~ (1640-1701), 719, 728, 746, 749, 797 Kemmu revolution, 144, 561 Kenshin (1111-1192), 318 Kirishitan, 63, 778-793 Kitabatake Chikaf usa z'4 (1219-1354), 561, 964 Kitamura Suehiro, 845 Kiyohara Sadao IT, /~fr, 969 Kiyozawa Manshi 74R ~ j-A (1863-1903), 444, 445 KMan ~~*~, 472 K6b6 3'1 (774-835), 35, 270, 359-363 K~d~kan,611 Kod6 taii J, 717 Kogaku,74 580, 647-657 Koizumi Shinz;6 rJ cf - 849 Kojik t ' 47-51, 54, 105, 129, 135, 741 K6kei ' (1648-1705), 330 Kokubunji -j,252 Kokugaku. f;, 1, 32, 68, 69, 72, 74, 110, 129, 580,- 711-759, 946, 958 Kokuik6 wm, 717 Kokutai f1/t1 see National Entity Kokutai no hongi (0J{/$ i2-,952, 953, 969 K~y 364, 365 Konk5 /t7A sect, 155, 915, 930-932 K6no Sh~z6 ~F~'E,953, 969 Korea,457, 79140 Koreyama Keikaku diiZ,40 K6saka Masaaki tL,833, 897 K6saka Masanobu tR, /j (1622-1685), 699 K6toku Shiisui - + -J( 864 K6yaban 369 K6yamna Iwao ~dA),897, 907, 908 K6yasan 354, 357 Kozaki K6d6I I'LJ I,182, 802, 815 Kumamoto Al-4* band, 812, 815 Kumano Ak Tt shrines, 91, 146, 262 Kumazawa Banzan X~,f/Adi (1619-1691), 569, 577, 582, 636, 637, 696, 891 Kurita Kan J~ 1f) (1857-1930), 755 Kurokawa Mayori J.i( - (1824-1906), 754 Kurozumi.4j sect, 144, 155, 926-927 Kusamakura,871 Ky6gy6 shinsh6 $I4j =E, 435-438 Ky6seikai 5.f 3 533 Ky6to ~ ~3 school, 563 L Lao -tsii f, 4-, 70 550 Linchi (Rinzai) ~ (d. 867), 463 Lotus Siitra (Hokeky6 ) 520, 523; see Saddliarma puilarika Lun yii(Analects) i!A, 548 M Maeda E un — t", r 401 Maeda Toshikama ffi IF~J 4 912 Mahdydna, 281, 288, 305 Maki Yasuomi fi4,- (1813-1864), 66 Man'y~shii AV, 47, 54, 716, 737, 749, 753 Maruyama Masao -~tLiA ~1j, 849 Marx, Marxism 67, 69, 86, 828, 843, 913, 966 Materialism, 828, 843 Matsuzaka zakki 'z& 7r 3 73 Meiji Tenn6 (reigned 1868-19 12), 701 Meiji 9~ ~z Restoration, 38, 91, 194, 726, 826 et seq. Mencius (Meng-tztf', -., 548 Merchants, see Ch6nin Metanoetik, 896 Mihrzada, 360 Mikamni Sanji ~ 963 Mikawa:E_ ~ 1 16 Miki Kiyoshi 4ci~ 7Y5, 887, 904-905, 986 Minobe Tatsukichi ~ 17-1948), 182 Misogi,T~ sect, 938 17 Mitake i~~sect, 940 Mito 7~J7 school, 66, 74, 569, 576, 608, 622, 946, 958 Miura Baien ~3'4J(1723-1789), 39, 566, 583, 658-662 Miyaji Naokazu,t1h (1886-1949), 145, 183 Mizoguchi Komazo (1881- ),183 Monogatari! ~,31, 561, 779 Moni Akira,805 Moni Ogai 40 (1862-1922), 78 Motoda Eifu;A14 (1818-1891), 863 Motoori Haruniwa *-;~1~ (1763-1828), 739 Motoori Norinaga /T —Aw rf'-11 (1730-1801), 70, 114, 145, 580, 716,1 717, 728, 737, 738-742, 746, 750, 758, 946, 964 Motoori Uchit6 *J~A- ~ZL$ (1792-1855), 739 Mountain asceticism (Shugend6 Jo,~- ), 99, 261, 262, 787/ Muraoka Tsunetsugu Tf-,it 7, 736 Muro Kyiis6 (1658-1734), 590 Muroto Kenz6,966 Musubi 4~j,166

Page  100 100 100 ~~A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS My6e 0, - (1163-1222), 270 Mythology, 4, 103-108, 119, 297 N Nabeshima analects (Nabeshima rongo4 700 Nigirjuna, 336, 430 Nagasaki 788 Nakae Ch6min f~T, 847, 859 Nakae T6j u (1608-1648), 569, 577, 634 -636, 696, 891 Nakamura Hajime ~ t~ 78 Nakazawa D~ji t~ ~jp (1725-1803), 683 Naobi no mitama,717 National entity (Kokutai ~4') 945, 956, 958, 963 -965, 973, 975, 977, 978, 983, 989, 992 Natsume S~seki )F7- (1867-1916), 87, 871 Nembutsu 4 Yfi 296, 376; see Buddhasmrti Nichiren (1222-1282), also sect, 250, 259, 260, 263,9 270, 272) 297 302, 5%11-526 Nichiren-shugi daik~za 3 -~,AKJ-tY525 Nihon keizai s6sho;~ ~w,l 109 Nihon no mezame 8 870 Nihon ry6iki 4 48 Nihon shoki (or Nihog,51, 105, 135, 258 Niijima, J6 (1843-1890), 806 -809, 847 Ninomiya Sontoku & 18-15) 1 581, 668-677 Nirvana, 305 Nishi Amane tf- At] (1826-1894), 840, 846, 856-858 Nishi Honganji ti 7~Jqt, 447 -9 Nishi Shinlichir6 r-f9- -3,p 2, 889-894 973 Nishiari Bokusan tk' _Wft,1 504 Nishida Ch6ju ti tD 847 Nishida Kitar6 tk;!vq~ (1870-1945), 43, 828, 880-888, 904, 986 Nishida Naoj ir6 tf~; ff) -~ 752 Nishida tk7 f philosophy, 871 Nishimura Shigeki (1828-1902), 840, 844, 861,862 Nishitani Keiji t ' r 3&),z, 897, 906 Nitobe Inazo,Y 709, 818, 822 N6 ~~561, 655 Norito, 47, 152, 945 Nozaki Hiroyoshi j',911 0 Obaku ~ ~ sect, 509 -510 Ogata KMan ~, -~*, 774 Ogawa Saburo it), 687 Ogushi Toyoo k~ Q~ 953 Ogyil Sorai (1666-1728), 69, 114, -548, 566, 564, 575, 652, 656-657, 728, 846 Ohara Yiigaku L*#i4 (1797-1858), 694, 695 Ohashi Totsuan,632-633 Oj6 y~sh,-F 346-348 _____i 7(4 58 Okakura Kakuz6 (Tenshin) (i),869-870 Okino Shunji 1~ifr 958 Okuma Gend6 &-5 (1798-1868), 87 Okuni Takamasa (1792-1871), 757, 759 Omononushi,Ao- 108 Omoto k4 sect, 155, 915, 919, 920 Onin ~1: rebellion, 35 Onishi Hajime *fk fZ,865 Ono Azusa 11' W-34, 867 Ono Gemmy6 +/,297 Ono Seiichir6 JTI ~ - 328 Original vow: see Hongan Osatake Takeshi!1~ r -, 963 Oshio Chiisai (Heihachir6) -k- tl-L' -(1794-1837), 577 638-640 Otani K~zui * ~~432 P Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, 631 Poetry, 722 Protestantism, 794-825 Pure Land,99; see also J6do and Shin Piirva-pranidhdna; see Hongan (f/\ ~3 ) Q Quest for Certainty, 888 R Rai San' y6 " 4-iF% (1780-1832), 591, 592 Rangaku kt~ 110, 760, 769, 775 Renaissance, 78 Rennyo ~-t (1415-1499), 441-443 Rinzai $- sect, 454-483; see also Lin-chi Rissh5 ankokuron 522, 945 Ritsu,299 Rongo-bi,54 8 Ron-M5 kogi '74AF-, 548 Ry~bu Shinto Pq 17 L 145 Ry~kan ~ ~ (1757-1831), 278, 4 Ry~nin,& (1072-1132), 443 Ryilkan (1178-1227), 382, 394 S Sada Kai seki ~~~p (1818-1882), 114 Saddliarma putiarlika -F (Lotus of the wonderful law), 264, 322, 323, 520; see also "Three Sutras" I Saegusa Hiroto 1 WI-, 966 Sakaino K6y6 tif,-l 297, 529 Sakamoto Tar6t, 328 Sakata Yoshio V9,D 835 Sakugen ~ I (1501-1579), 474 Sakuma Sh6zan 4 - 4 kA (1811-1864), 623-624 Siikyamuni, 233, 286, 306 Samurai, 462; see also Bushi Sangan tennil f d, 438 Sanky6 L,264; see Three Sutras Santos no gosag6,785 Sasaki S6ichi f7~zV (1878- ),182 Sasaki Gessh6t&~T4i~,# (1875-1926), 446 Sat6 Issai fl~- fc - '11 (1772-1859), 640-642 Sat6 Naokata4 Jj (1650-1719), 565, 602 Sat Nobuhiro (1769-1850), 114, 486, 663-667 Seichin tiiib 383 Seich6 no Ie sect, 942 Seidan ~4 <,846 Seiky6 shinron ~!5T1 —_ 802 Seiy5 V ~, 318

Page  101 APPENDIX Ill10 101 Seizan 4~ 4-A sect,373 Sekigahara. `J 1-, 776 Sekimon Shingaku__, 684 Senchakushild 391, 392 Shakaku ~ z-,176 Shan-tao-&{ (d. 681), 296 Shibata Kylo 't fB f (1783-1838), 679 Shibata Minoru I WV, 329 Shid6 Bunan -x_ (1602-1676), 476 Shih6 4(+5 675 Shimabara,~ insurrection, 787 Shimizu Ikutar6 3A 966 Shimmin no michi, 955 Shimok6be Ch6ryfi T-~ 3r (1624-1686), 749 Shin 4 sect, 220, 222, 243, 400-453 Shingaku FL,,43, 684 Shinshinroku {t- (c"f( 785 Shingaku Lt,, 4, 121, 581, 678-684 Shingi Shingon,364, 365 Shingon 4,99, 252, 299, 300, 350-369 Shinkai,176 Shinnyo Shinn6 -tz E,270 Shinran Jx C% (1173-1262), 46, 243, 248, 250, 263, 292, 382, 431-440, 896, 973 Shinri ~, 939 Shinri und6 j) 534 Shinshil sect, 941 Shint6 p 4, 32, 39,1 61,% 663, 68,4 72, 87, 88, 92, 96, 120-197, 261, 528, 604, 731, 733, 743, 745, 752, 756, 775, 797, 803, 834, 873, 945, 961, 991, 992 Shint6 mond6 j- li",, 128, 130, 172 Shiraki Yutaka *~A-ti, 973 Shitaku.~ 318 Shizen shin' eid6 -3zL,688 5h6b6 genz6.-. 1 494,9 497, 500-506 Sh6kaku ti (1167-1235), 432 Sh~shinge -E I f1: (Gatha of correct belief), 421, 422, 430 Sh6toku Taishi j4'Lt-c3- (573-621), 35, 38, 243, 248, 256, 270, 274, 317-328, 343,9 959, 964, 973 Shugend6. t,- ~; see Mountain asceticism Shunj 6b6 Choen (1121-1206), 329 Shilsei r-F sect, 928, 929 Shushi 4~. school, 4, 561, 565, 584-633; see also Chu Hsi Socialism, 958 Soga Ry6jin 0 i-I7, 451 Soku ~7,884 Sorai 'j school, 69; see also Ogyii Sorai 56 tt '$H sect, 304, 484-510 Southern (Tosa ~f-~:) school, 563, 565 g ri-mila, 322, 324; see also "Three satras" Stone age, 148 Sugimura K6z6 4, IrA? 966 Suicide, 70 Suika Shint6 4P wL, 144, 153, 596,1 598, 973 Sukhdvatfr vyWMh (Amidaky5), 421, 449, 450 Sung studies, 562 Sfinyatd, 305 0 Susano-o-no mikoto j 0 Suzuki Daisetsu ''~-z4j,,469, 470 Suzuki Shigetane (1781-1849), 757 Suzuki Sh6san 'ZE. (1579-1655), 78, 477 T Tachibana Moribe A i (1781-1849), 758 Taguchi Ukichi ~F rJ qFJ 10, 845, 847, 866 Taiheiki A 4c.,262 Taika &A~reform, 40, 50 Taiky6 sempu und6 k A- 1 b~f -, 145, 832 Taisei 'K V sect, 155, 937 Taisha /K /~_sect, 1155,. 933~ 934 Takahashi Junjir6 ~ rJ- ~,182 Takakura Tokutar6 805, 823 Takano, Ch6ei, 772, 773 Takano Gitar6 ~ ~ p,183 Takeda Shingen W (1521-1573), 699 Takenouchi Shikibu k~ 1 (1712-1767) 604 Takeuchi Yoshino ri ~ ~897 Takuan (1572-,1645), 463, 475 Tamaki T6k6 T, I Ito 30 Tanabe Hajime TJ_, 828, 895-898, 904, 986 Tanaka JigoheiW N%,183 Tanikawa Kotosuga (t I +, 752 Tan'ish6 j4Y,421, 424, 426 Tanka ~~_-_~ 749 Taoism (D6kyo 0 ) 40, 261 Ta-sheng ch'i-hsin lun t,288 Tea ceremony, 655 Tej ima Toan % t 4, (1717-1786), 680 Ten Ox-herding pictures (Shih-niu-t'u t t-!M ), 463 Tendai -~ ~ sect, 99, 250, 252, 260, 352, 331-349 Temp6 fA (1833-1838). famine, 638 Tenri )~J sect, 155, 915, 922-925 Tetsugen ft, q (1630-1682), 509, 510 "Three Sutras," 264 Tibet, 46 T' ien-t'ai k,266; see also Tendai Todaiji ftzJ-, 329, 330 T6ji 360 Tokugawa Mitsukuni (Gik6), 4i- "1 ~ f(1628-1700), 622,9 964 Tokugawa Nariaki (Rekk6), / )t 11; r (q*.~q (1780-1860), 622 P Tokutomi Soh6 (Ichir6) i (r,),(1863 -597 ~ 4t 1t-8het) 8 Tominaga Chiik Wo ~ lt-~t et) 8 87, 690 TosaL(. school,- 563, 565, 753 T~6risd 870 Tsuda Mamichii~~Kjj (1829-1903), 828, 840, 846 Tsuda S6kichi,986 Tsuji Zennosuke ~L~i (1877- ) 952, 963 Tsukim6de wakashil, 58 U Uchimura Kanz6 %M3 (1861-1930), 816, 821, 822, 845, 847 Uemura Masahisa ~ 4I-A (1837-1925), 813, 814 Ui Hakuj u 4, 297 Ujigami 1 55, 146, 157, 178 Ukiyoe -&, 71, 853 Uno Enkii fj~ 910 Urakami.- Klrishitans, 788

Page  102 102 102 ~~A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS V Vairocana sit, 353 Vajrabodhi, 360 Vig-na-na-vddin, 312, 313 Vimalakirti siltra, 322; see also "Three 94jtras" Vinaya, 250, 311 W Waka '-tzx 583, 749 Wakabayashi Takamitsu t,328 Wake no Kiyomaro ~ 773-799), 180 Wang Yang-ming (1472-1529), 578 Watanabe Kazan A i, 769-771 Watsuji Tetsuro,21 ft 902~903 Weber, Max, 802 Y Yajima Gotake A, 16 Yamabushi JiK, 99; see also Mountain asceticism Yamada H~kku ~ p-r(1805-1877), 643 Yamada Yoshio d-i AA, 730, 953 Yamaga Sok6 J-~ (1662-1685), 14, 66, 569, 575, 580, 647-651, 696, 964 Yamagata Bant6 LtA (1748-1821), 828 Yamagata Daini I (1725-1767), 603 Yamaguchi Einosuke j, 1z7, 18 3 Yamnazaki Ansai c1 d (1618-1682), 565, 576, 596-604, 958 Yawa ~t -, 715 Y6gaku -3t~ 760-774, 958 Yokoi Shonan 4~ I~ (1809-1869), 643-645 Y6mei OR~f school, 74, 577, 634-646 Y~sai tk (1141-1215), 270, 473; see also Eisai Yoshida Shint5 W! 145 Yoshida Sh6in WU P (1830-1859), 14, 625-631 Yoshikawa Koretari tH ~ (16 16-1694), 150, 151 Young Men's Buddhist Association (Bukky6 Seinenkai f2 W4 / ) 308 Yiih6d6O 16 Yuishinsh5 mon' i I', 432 Yilsoku kojitsu -1-W ~ 756 Yiizi Nembutsu,302 z Zan' ged6 ~1-K,896 Zen TT,', 250, 252, 289, 302, 454-510, 561, 700, 704, 912, 943 Zend6 (Shan tao) ~f,296 Zenkbron 4~ ~ 636 Zen no kenkyild 881, 888