Frontmatter
pp. N/A
Page I CENTER FOR JAPANESE STUDIES BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SERIES NUMBER 1 (REVISED EDITION) JAPANESE POLITICAL SCIENCE: A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS
Page III JAPANESE POLITICAL SCIENCE: A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS (REVISED EDITION) BY ROBERT E. WARD AND HAJIME WATANABE ANN ARBOR/THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS/ 1961 PUBLISHED FOR THE CENTER FOR JAPANESE STUDIES
Page IV Copyright ~ by The University of Michigan 1961 All rights reserved Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press and simultaneously in Toronto, Canada, by Ambassador Books Limited Manufactured in the United States of America
Editor's Foreword
pp. v-vi
Page V EDITOR'S FOREWORD ON THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SERIES The Bibliographical Series of the Center for Japanese Studies has for its main purpose the listing and evaluating of the major Japanese works pertaining to the humanities and social sciences, particularly as they deal with Japan and the areas immediately adjacent to Japan. It is assumed that Western materials pertaining to Japan are adequately covered in the bibliographies of Pages, von Wenckstern, Nachod, Praesent-Haenisch, Pritchard, Gaskill, the annual bibliographies of the Association for Asian Studies (formerly the Far Eastern Association), etc., and that Westerr specialists in the several fields will know how to get at the Western materials in their respective fields, The bibliographies in the present series are intended to serve as an introduction to the native research materials in the several disciplines and hence as at aid to research for teachers and students. In each case an attempt has been made to desciribe or to evaluate each work that is listed, or at least to justify the inclusion of each item. Scholars and librarians will perhaps find that the several bibliographies in this series will serve as useful guides to buying programs which they may wish to initiate. The bibliographies are selective. Each item listed is believed to be of some value or interest to the scholarly user. In those cases in which it has been impossible to examine a book or article of known value, it still is included. A book or article is thus included if it is written by a competent scholar, if it is included in a bibliography which is itself competently compiled, if it appears to treat its subject matter in detail and with an approach to completeness, if it is frequently quoted, if it is well reviewed, or if it is referred to as being authoritative. Wherever possible, notes as to why an item seems to be of value have been given. The scope of each bibliography is defined by the compiler or compilers in their introductions, but in general each of the bibliographies lists (a) important source materials, and (b) secondary sources dating from a fixed date in the recent past, as, for instance, the Meiji Restoration, 1900, 1910, etc. Although the materials in most cases deal with the Japanese islands, each compiler has set the limits of the geographical area which his materials cover. In certain cases expansion into areas that lie outside Japan appears to be justified by the fact that Japanese research has been the dominant research for these areas. Hence one or more of the bibliographies will cover Japanese materials on Formosa, Korea, Manchuria, and the Mandated Islands. The format is uniform within each volume. In general the name of each author or compiler is given both in romanization and characters. The surnames are given first and the given names next, as the practice is in Japan. The names of corporate authors, such as government offices, are given in romanization and characters; they are then translated. The title of each book or article is given in romanization and characters; it is then translated. The place of publication and the name of the publisher are given in romanization alone, but a separate listing within each bibliography gathers together the names of the publishers, with the characters used in writing their names. This listing is found as an appendix in each volume. 1. Long a, o, and u are indicated by macrons over the vowels. 2. Only the first letters of initial words and proper nouns are capitalized. 3. In the bibliographical data, the compilers have given both the edition and the printing of the work cited. Significant textual variations sometimes occur between different printings of the same edition of a given work. 4. When dealing with an item composed of one volume, complete pagination is generally given for that volume, including all separately paged sections. If any title is in more than one volume, only the total number of volumes is given, without paging. 5. In the event that the item cited happens to be part of a series or collection, the compilers have given in brackets introduced by an equals sign the title, characters, and translated title of that series or collection and the number of the volume concerned. 6. Works such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, yearbooks, series, and collections are cited by title; the name of the editor or compiler, in romanization and characters, is usually given after the title. 7. In the case of articles found in journals, quotation marks surround the Japanese title, characters, and translated title. 8. Abbreviations are explained in lists, if necessary. 9. If any volume of a journal is continuously paged, number and month may be omitted. If it has both continuous volume pagination and separate pagination for each issue, only the volume, year, and the continuous volume pagination may be given. If more than one volume appears in any single year, and each is separately and continuously paged, the procedure has been to give the volume, inclusive months of the issues in the volume, year, and continuous volume pagination (the last where easilyascertainable). 10. If an article comprises a chapter or a section of a book which is a compilation of articles by a number of authors, this fact is shown by inserting the word "in" between the title of the article and the compilation in which it is found. Following the "in," a complete citation of the book in question is given. 11. All descriptions, evaluations, criticisms, and comments pertaining to a volume or article follow the citations in separate, indented paragraphs. 12. A list of the standard professional journals is given whenever found to be convenient. v
Page VI These remarks revise in a few particulars the Editor's Foreword appearing in numbers 1-6 of the present Bibliographical Series. When the Series was begun in 1950, it was hoped to indicate for each of the items listed in each bibliography, the American libraries which own it. However, Far Eastern libraries in the United States have recently made such substantial additions to their Japanese collections that it is no longer possible or necessary to show the location of each item. The key libraries today possess union catalogues that indicate where particular volumes may be found. Joseph K. Yamagiwa vi
Author's Introduction
pp. vii-viii
Page VII AUTHORS' INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION It has now been upwards of ten years since the publication of the first edition of this work in 1950. The earlier edition has been out-of-print for some five years and its contents and coverage seriously out-of-date for at least as long. During this period the number of American scholars and students making professional use of Japanese-language materials has been constantly expanding, and the size and quality of the collections of such works held by American libraries have increased astronomically. For an extremely interesting and useful analysis of the scope, strengths, and distribution of major Japanese-language collections in the libraries of this country, it is possible to point to Dr. G. R. Nunn and Tsuen-hsuin Tsien's "Far Eastern Resources in American Libraries," The Library Quarterly, vol. XXIX, no. 1 (January 1959), pp. 27-42. Of even greater importance has been the resumption of professional contacts and work in Japan by American scholars since the lifting of the ban upon such travel by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers early in 1950. This has made available once more the vast resources of Japan's splendid libraries and research collections. Under these circumstances there seemed to be reason for a new edition focused primarily upon an attempt to provide that coverage of postwar publications in the field of political science which was impossible in the first edition. The present work was compiled under far more favorable circumstances than was the earlier one. The first edition suffered from a variety of limitations and problems described in its Introduction. Among these was the fact that it marked a pioneering attempt which, perforce, stood alone in the field without model and without support. Since 1950, however, the University of Michigan's Center for Japanese Studies has published some seven additional volumes in its Bibliographical Series. This has substantially simplified the problems of compiling the present revised edition. It has not only been possible to profit from the cumulative experience involved, but also to eliminate or reduce the attention paid to certain categories of general reference material which are more properly or better treated in other volumes of the series. This is particularly true with respect to Professor John W. Hall's admirable Japanese history: a guide to Japanese reference and research materials (Ann Arbor, 1954), to which the present volume is closely related. Again, it has been possible to do most of the research upon which the present edition is based under optimal circumstances in several of Japan's finest libraries, rather than relying upon the less definitive collections available in this country. The most important advantages have come from collaboration with a Japanese co-author, Professor Watanabe Hajime of Ritsumeikan University's Law Department. The bulk of the work done in Japan was carried out by Professor Watanabe and a group of very able Japanese assistants. The result has been, both authors hope, a work not only more accurate, complete, and broadly useful than would otherwise have been possible, but also a demonstration of a type of international scholarly cooperation capable of fruitful extension along a variety of other lines. A few words should be said to make clear the limits of what the present work attempts to do: 1. It is a guide to and annotated bibliography of Japanese reference and research materials in the field of political science. It includes 1,759 entries, of which 1,158 (66%) are new and did not appear in the first edition. The great majority of entries are annotated, some at considerable length. 2. It is confined largely, although not exclusively, to works written in Japanese. A few Western-language books or essays, primarily bibliographies, treating relevant Japanese literature have also been included. The bibliography of Western-language materials on Japan is regarded as a separate problem, which is, moreover, relatively well covered in a variety of sources readily available to interested students. 3. The phrase "reference and research materials in the field of political science" has been very broadly interpreted. The reader will encounter numerous entries of primary interest to historians, economists, sociologists, cultural anthropologists, or other social scientists. These also contain material of great interest to many political scientists. The boundaries between the social science disciplines are both vague and shifting, and the authors were reluctant to omit on such grounds any reference or research materials which seemed in their judgment of substantial political relevance or value. In practice, such decisions were tempered by the fact that the present work stands as but one of a series of bibliographies which includes volumes on most of the other social sciences, and by a realization of the ridiculousness of any pretense to completeness of coverage. It was hoped only to produce a work which would suffice interested political scientists for average or basic working purposes and might save substantial amounts of their time. It has also been quite difficult in practice to define with precision the boundaries which divide "reference and research materials" from items of more ephemeral or popular character. An attempt has been made to exclude the latter, but judgments are bound to differ on this score. The question is further complicated by variant definitions in Japan of the scope, nature, and objectives of political science as a discipline, and consequent differences in the focus, level, and aims of professional scholarship. 4. In point of time, the present volume is limited, with few exceptions, to titles which treat political science subjects and developments in Japan since the Meiji Restoration (1868). In practice, there is a tendency for coverage to concentrate at both ends of this time spectrum. Prior to 1945 in particular, there was in the political science field a marked clustering of scholarly attention and writing on developments occurring during the Meiji Period (1868-1912). Similarly, since the enforcement of the constitution in 1947 and the numerous and far-reaching political and other changes attendant upon this and the related reform projects sponsored by the Allied Occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1952, there has been a great efflorescence of writing upon contemporary and very recent developments. Actually, the focus of the present volume has been primarily upon the results of post-1945 Japanese scholarship. This is not to discount the merits of prewar scholarship. As a matter of fact a very sizable number vii
Page VIII A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE of such entries have been retained from the earlier edition. But obviously the present generation of Japanese scholars has not only benefited from the greater professional freedom in postwar times, but has also built and improved upon the products of prewar scholarship in many cases and ways. The most definitive and useful works are thus often those written since 1945, especially in the political field. In this connection, it should be noted that where the term "postwar is used in the following text without further specification, it refers to the period since August, 1945. The basic research upon which this edition rests was carried out in Japan —largely in Kyoto and Tokyo — from 1956 to 1958, and supplemented by work in the collections of the University of Michigan. In general the cutoff date for entries is the end of 1958. A few outstanding items published in 1959 have also been included. 5. Practical considerations of time and expense have obliged the authors to limit their coverage to books. This has meant that all save a very few articles and special numbers of professional journals have had to be excluded from the following lists. This decision was made with great reluctance, since some of the finest products of current Japanese scholarship are to be found in article rather than book form. However, the volume of periodical literature is simply too great to permit its coverage. An attempt has been made to compensate in some measure for this omission by providing extensive listings of the major journals of professional interestr in Chapter III and elsewhere throughout the book. 6. An attempt has been made to examine all entries at first hand. In a large majority of cases this has been possible, and the annotations are based directly upon the observations of the authors or their research assistants. There inevitably remains, however, a minority of cases which eluded all searches and which have been included upon the basis of secondary evidence. 7. The readers' indulgence is begged where the beginning and terminal dates of serial publications are concerned. Such data are apt to be very elusive in Japan, especially where wartime cessations or lapses of publication are concerned. A serious effort has been made to provide this information, but in a sizable number of instances it is still either lacking or uncertain. Question marks in brackets have been used to indicate such cases. 8. It has not been possible to include in this edition, as was done in the earlier one, an indication of what libraries in this country hold copies of any given entry. The former system of library indicators has been a victim of progress. The size both of the outstanding American collections of Japanese materials and of their uncatalogued backlogs has increased so enormously in the intervening years as to render any such attempt quite impractical. The omission is perhaps not too serious, however, since the development of a union catalogue of Japanese-language materials has made a nationwide list of holdings and locations available for many categories of publications acquired since 1949. 9. The reader will note a certain amount of duplication of entries between this work and several other volumes of the Center for Japanese Studies' Bibliographical Series, particularly where Professor John W. Hall's Japanese history: a guide to Japanese reference and research materials is concerned. These occur especially with respect to entries in the bibliography and basic reference sections of these works. The authors are aware of these duplications and have included such items only where it was judged that their value for political scientists was great enough to require their inclusion in the present volume. 10. Finally, the reader will note that the coverage of this revised edition has been changed in several ways. The section on "Library science and publishing" has been dropped and the internal arrangement of the chapters changed in several respects. New chapters or sections have been added on public administration; social, scientific and economic policy, legislation, and administration; international law and organization; major national administrative and advisory agencies; socio-economic structure and socio-political groups and movements; public opinion and the, mass-media; the demilitarization controversy; the budget, tax system, and public finance; the courts; international relations and international politics; comparative government and politics; and the Allied Occupation of Japan. These additions reflect in some measure the many changes that have occurred in the discipline of political science in postwar Japan, and in part the more favorable circumstances under which the present edition was compiled. The authors hope that they will render the volume more useful. The authors would like to take this opportunity of acknowledging their indebtedness to a number of individuals and institutions. Our obligation is greatest to our research assistants: Miss Kodera Sayoko and Messrs. Alfred Clubok, Miyake Ichir6, and Murakami Yoshihiro. Professors Isomura Tetsu, Kataoka Noboru, Maeshiba Kakuzo, Miyata Yutaka, Nagahama Masatoshi, Nakagawa Jun, Sugimura Toshimasa, Taijudo Kanae, and Waki Keihei of Kyoto and Ritsumeikan Universities were kind enough to examine and comment upon preliminary lists of entries in their respective fields of specialization. Professor Inoki Masamichi of Ky6to University's Law Department was of particular assistance in a variety of ways. We would also like to express our gratitude to the National Diet Library of Japan, the libraries of the Universities of Kyoto, Ritsumeikan, D6shisha, and Michigan, the library of the Tokyo Institute of Municipal Research (T6kyo Shisei Chosakai), and their respective staffs for the facilities and generous assistance which made this work possible. Special thanks are due to Mrs. Mori Fusako of the Ritsumeikan University Law Library. The project was supported or assisted by grants from the University of Michigan's Center for Japanese Studies, the Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, the United States Fulbright Commission, and the Asia Foundation, to all of which we extend our thanks. It is inevitable that errors of selection, omission, fact, and interpretation occur in a work of this type. Despite their best efforts, the writers are keenly and uncomfortably aware that numerous such errors and shortcomings doubtless lurk undetected in the following lists. They sincerely solicit corrections or comments on these scores, though at the moment both confess to a feeling of some satiety with their labors in the bibliographical vineyard. REW Ann Arbor, December, 1959 HW viii
Page IX TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Editor's Foreword................................. Authors' Introduction................................ v vii vii I. BIBLIOGRAPHIES........................... 1. Bibliographies of bibliographies............... 2. General bibliographies...................... a. G eneral.............................. b. Library catalogues...................... c. Publishers' and bookdealers' yearbooks and catalog d. Guides to official publications............... e. Guides to periodical literature.............. 3. Specialized bibliographies.................... a. The Imperial House and the national polity...... b. The Constitution, National Diet, and elections.... c. Local government and administration.......... d. Political history and political thought.......... e. Socialism and labor movements............. f. Biographical literature.................... g. Statistical literature..................... h. Miscellaneous.......................... 1 2 3 3 10 11 13 15 20 gues........... 20....... 20....... 22....... 23....... 23....... 25....... 25....... 26 II. GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS......................... 1. Encyclopedias, dictionaries, and handbooks................ a. General reference works.......................... b. Law and political science.......................... c. Biographical aids............................... d. Atlases and place name dictionaries.................. e. Other specialized terminologies and subject matters....... 2. Y earbooks...................................... 3. Statistics....................................... 4. Chronologies..................................... III. PERIODICALS...................................... 1. Daily newspapers................................. 2. Periodicals of general coverage....................... 3. Law and political science periodicals................... IV. GENERAL POLITICAL SCIENCE......................... 1. History and problems as a discipline................... 2. General texts.................................... V. POLITICAL THEORY AND THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT............................... 1. History of political thought.......................... 2. Political theory................................... 3. Writings by or about individual political theorists........... VI. POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE 1. General histories................................. 2. Constitutional and legal histories...................... 3. Meiji period (1868-1912)............................ 4. Taish5 Period (1912-1926)........................... 5. Sh6wa period (1926- )............................ 6. Biographies and memoirs............................ VII. LAW IN GENERAL.................................. 1. Indexes and collections of laws and ordinances............. 2. General commentaries.............................. 28 28 28 29 30 33 34 35 37 41 43 43 45 46 52 52 52 55 55 58 61 64 64 67 71 76 77 80 86 86 89 ix
Page X VIII. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW............................ 1. The Meiji constitution (1890)....................... 2. The constitution of Japan (1947)..................... 3. The constitution and human rights.................... 4. The amendment controversy........................ IX. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN GENERAL.................................... 1. Administrative law.............................. 2. Public administration............................. Page 91 91 92 95 96 98 98 100 X. SOCIAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND ECONOMIC POLICY, LEGISLATION, AND ADMINISTRATION............................... 102 1. Social policy, social security, and social welfare............ 102 2. Labor policy, legislation, and administration.............. 103 3. Economic policy, legislation, and administration............ 107 4. Agricultural policy, legislation, and administration.......... 107 5. Educational policy, legislation, and administration........... 108 6. Scientific policy, legislation, and administration............ 109 XI. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ORGANIZATION...... 1. General texts.......................... 2. Monographs........................... 3. International organization............................ 110.......... 110.......... 110.......... 111 XII. THE IMPERIAL SYSTEM AND THE IMPERIAL HOUSE.........113 XIII. THE CABINET..................................... 116 XIV. MAJOR NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND ADVISORY AGENCIES. 117 XV. THE NATIONAL DIET................................ 1. G eneral........................................ 2. Compiled records of the National Diet................... 3. House of Representatives............................ a. Prew ar...................................... b. Postwar...................................... 4. House of Peers and House of Councillors................ a. House of Peers................................ b. House of Councillors............................. XVI. ELECTIONS....................................... 1. Elections in general............................... 2. Election law and administration....................... 3. Election statistics................................. XVII. POLITICAL PARTIES................................ 1. Political parties in general.......................... 2. Conservative political parties......................... a. Works about conservative parties.................... b. Publications of conservative parties.................. 3. Left-wing or "progressive" political parties............... a. Works about "progressive" parties................... b. Publications of left-wing political parties............... XVIII. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND SOCIO-POLITICAL GROUPS AND MOVEMENTS........................... 1. Socio-economic structure and groups in general............. 2. Socialism and "social movements"..................... 3. Nationalism, fascism, and right-wing movements........... 4. Labor and labor movements.......................... 5. Agriculture, rural society, and agrarian movements.......... 6. Business groups and movements....................... 7. Student, teacher, and intellectual groups and movements...... 8. Women's groups and movements....................... 9. Religious groups and movements....................... 10. The "burakumin" or eta movement..................... x 121 121 122 124 124 127 128 128 131 132 132 134 135 138 138 139 139 141 141 141 143 146 146 148 150 151 153 156 156 157 158 158
Page XI Page XIX. PUBLIC OPINION AND THE MASS MEDIA................. 160 XX. PUBLIC SERVICE AND THE BUREAUCRACY............... 164 XXI. MILITARY AFFAIRS, MILITARISM, AND THE DEMILITARIZATION CONTROVERSY..................................... 168 XXII. THE BUDGET, TAX SYSTEM, AND PUBLIC FINANCE......... 173 XXIII. THE COURTS AND JUDICIAL DECISIONS...... 1. Works about the judicial system................... I *........ I. 2. Collected decisions and commentaries................. XXIV. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS.................. 1. Collections of laws and ordinances................... 2. Local government in general....................... a. Prewar local governments....................... b. Postwar local government....................... 3. Official publications of local governments.............. a. Tokyo M etropolis............................. b. Kyoto Prefecture.............................. c. Kyoto City.................................. 4. The local political process......................... XXV. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 1. Source materials and documents..................... 2. Texts and general accounts........................ 3. M onographs................................... 4. Memoirs and biographies.......................... XXVI. COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS............ XXVII. THE ALLIED OCCUPATION OF JAPAN................... 177.. 177.. 178.. 181.. 181.. 182.. 182.. 184.. 188.. 188.. 189.. 190.. 191.. 192.. 192.. 193.. 196.. 198.. 199.. 201 xi
Bibliographies
pp. 1-27
Page 1 CHAPTER I BIBLIOGRAPHIES Bibliographical scholarship in Japan, as in China, comes down from ancient times. With the passage of the centuries and the accumulation of a rich and complex national body of writings, it has increased in importance and productivity. But at no time in the history of Japan has the bibliographic output of her scholars approximated that of the Taisho and Sh6wa eras (1912- ). Today the student is faced in most social science fields with an embarrassment of bibliographic riches, the more difficult and annoying to cope with by reason of the excessive degree of duplication, inconsistency, and lack of continuity which characterizes this type of Japanese publication. The problem is not one of discovering bibliographies which treat a particular field or subject, but of ascertaining which work or combination of works will yield reasonably complete coverage. The present chapter is intended to provide some guidance and assistance in this task. An attempt has been made to furnish a fairly complete list of the more important Japanese bibliographies, plus a few bibliographical articles, which relate in whole or in part to the several fields of political science. Since this is quite extensive, the entries have been classified. From the standpoint of organization, the problem of classifying relevant bibliographic materials has been approached along three main and several subsidiary paths. Major sections have been devoted to: 1) bibliographies of bibliographies, 2) general bibliographies which include coverage of some aspect of the literature of Japanese government and politics, and 3) specialized bibliographies of political science subjects. The first of these sections has not been subclassified. The second has been further classified with respect to five specific types of Japanese bibliographical material (all of general coverage from a subject standpoint): a) general; b) library catalogues; c) publishers' and bookdealers' yearbooks and catalogues; d) guides to official publications; and e) guides to periodical literature. A further category of general bibliography, i.e., guides to series, collections, and miscellanies, has been judged to be of primarily historical interest and has, therefore, been excluded from the present work. Those interested are referred to pp. 17-18 of Professor J. W. Hall's bibliography for the essential information. The third major category-specialized bibliographies —has been subclassified into eight sub-categories according to subject. These are: a) the Imperial House and the national polity; b) the constitution, national Diet, and elections; c) local government and administration; d) political history and political thought; e) socialism and labor movements; f) biographical literature; g) statistical literature; and h) miscellaneous. The student is warned at the outset against undue dependence on the specialized bibliographies. Few, if any, of the entries in this category are definitive save for very limited purposes and periods of time. As a class the so-called general bibliographies are more comprehensive and reliable. In all instances, therefore, it is advisable to check the materials located in the specialized bibliographies hereafter listed against several of the better general sources to insure that satisfactory coverage of the pertinent literature has been obtained. As a general bibliographical technique to be applied to most research problems in thi field, the following steps are recommended. Emphasis will, of course, vary with particular problems. 1) Consult any specialized bibliographies on the subject which may be available. 2) Consult the relevant sections of several of the better general bibliographies, which are identified in the introductory paragraphs to Section 2a of this chapter. These are well classified and materials are easily located. 3) Expand and bring up to date the list of materials obtained from the above sources by consulting appropriate volumes of the Zen-Nihon shuppambutsu somokuroku (Entry 53) or of one of the better publishers' yearbooks (e.g., Entries 59 and 60). Only those numbers which postdate the last reliable general or specialized bibliography used need be consulted. 4) Some periodical literature will have been discovered in the course of the preceding steps, but as a rule the sources there utilized make no pretence at adequate coverage of articles in professional or popular journals. It is, therefore, usually necessary to consult one or more periodical indexes for such information. It is also helpful to identify through these indexes the principal magazines in one's field of research, and, if time permits, to survey these individually, since the majority of Japanese periodical indexes are highly selective and apt to be unreliable. 5) Few of the above-mentioned sources will devote more than cursory attention to government publications. It is necessary, therefore, to check these in special bibliographies of official publications. If the material sought was published during or since 1927, this is relatively easy to do; if earlier, it is apt to be exceedingly difficult. 6) If the research problem concerned falls within the field of political history, and especially if it concerns either the Restoration period or the early constitutional period, it is always advisable to consult one of the several excellent guides to biographical and bio-historical literature. Much of the best and, unfortunately, most neglected material on this era is to be found in such sources. The multiplicity of steps involved in the above process is admittedly inconvenient and time consuming, but, given the limited time range and specialization of most Japanese bibliographical literature, they represent a necessary minimum of bibliographical research, if adequate coverage is to be assured. If the nature of the research or the limitations of the available Japanese collection are such as to render a more superficial coverage possible or 1
Page 2 2 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE necessary, the writers recommend reference to one or more of the excellent research bibliographies identified in Section 2a of this chapter. A word might also be added with respect to the professional vocabulary of Japanese bibliographers. Japanese social science categories differ sufficiently in content from those generally accepted in the United States to mislead the uninformed student. For example, proletarian political activities, socialism, or communism are not infrequently catalogued in Japanese bibliographies —together with trade unions, social work, and associated fields — under the inclusive head shakai und6, "social movements." Again, bibliographies of economics or economic history usually contain substantial sections on law and politics, while financial history (zaiseishi) is freqently treated as a branch of political rather than economic history. The titles and organization of Japanese bibliographies can be confusing in such ways, and the student is urged to take such possibilities into account in his bibliographical research. Those desirous of more detailed information on such matters are referred to Entries 195-202 in J. W. Hall's Bibliography of Japanese history. 1. Bibliographies of Bibliographies Works completely devoted to the listing of Japanese bibliographies of a general or specialized nature are somewhat rare. Although students who wish to check on publications in this field will find information readily available, they will be faced with the necessity of consulting a considerable number and variety of sources. There are at least two general studies with which students should be familiar. Of outstanding value is a work by one of Japan's most eminent bibliographers, Amano Keitaro, entitled Hompo shoshi no shoshi (A bibliography of Japanese bibliographies). This is a largely unannotated but very extensive classified list of Japanese bibliographical literature, both books and articles, published from ancient times to the end of 1932. For most purposes this is so complete as to render unnecessary any further search for bibliographical materials issued between 1868 and 1933. A second source, far less detailed and general in scope but of excellent quality, is a bibliographical essay entitled "Les bibliographies japonaises," by the noted French scholar, Emile Gaspardone. Gaspardone was primarily interested in bibliographies of pre-Restoration Japanese history, religion and literature, but his sections on general indexes and catalogues and the bibliography of modern Japanese law and economics are useful and reliable. Further bibliographical data and descriptions of these items may be found in the list which follows these introductory paragraphs. It will be noted that the above-mentioned works cover only bibliographical writings published prior to 1933. For similar coverage of later publications in this field, the student will be obliged to consult a number of sources. The most complete listings will be found in the annual editions of the better publishers' yearbooks (See Entries 57 -62) or in the several publications of the National Diet Library (Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan) listed as Entries 51 to 53. The former are sometimes more convenient to use, although apt to be less comprehensive. The writers recommend the bibliographical sections of Entries 59, 60, and 62, as well as the occasional notes in such bibliophilic or bibliographic journals as the Dokusho shimbun, Nihon dokusho shimbun, or Tosho shimbun (Entries 11, 34, and 43, respectively). More selective and specialized lists devoted to the bibliography of bibliographies may be found in works by Hatano and Yayoshi, Honjo, and Kurita (Entries 14, 16, and 29). In general, however, the more specialized literature in this field frequently appears in periodicals or other sources which are rare and difficult to find even in Japan. 1. Amano Keitaro 6 W' A T, Hompo shoshi no shoshi 4t fp (A bibliography of Japanese bibliographies), Tokyo and Osaka, Mamiya Shoten, 1933, 370pp. The most definitive of recent works in this field by one of Japan's most reputable bibliographical scholars. It covers all bibliographical literature from ancient times to December 31, 1932 in two major parts: 1) works published prior to the Restoration (1868), and 2) works published since the Restoration. The second part is divided into three sections, the first of which covers such general bibliographical works as bibliographies of bibliographies, general indexes, bibliographies of reference works, of series, of rare books, of proscribed books, of lost or destroyed works, of official publications, of magazine and newspaper indexes, of library catalogues, of Occidental studies of Japan, and of other classes too numerous for mention. The second and principal section treats of specialized bibliographies in eighteen fields, including political science, law, administration, history, philosophy, social studies, economics, finance, statistics, sociology, education, folk-lore, military science, physical sciences, arts and crafts, industry, fine arts, language, linguistics, and literature. The concluding section comprises a supplement to this with similarly arranged entries. It is unfortunate that the two were not integrated. There are both subject and author indexes. Bibliographic style of entries varies considerably, and important details are frequently lacking. There is little annotation. Nevertheless, this work is an unusually complete and useful account of Japanese bibliographical literature. It should not be confused with a series of articles by the same author entitled "Ishin irai hompo shomoku no shomoku, which is more restricted in coverage. 2. Gaspardone, Emile, "Les bibliographies japonaises, t Bulletin de la Maison Franco-Japonaise, v. 4, 1933, pp. 29-116. An outstanding bibliographical essay by an eminent member of the Ecole Francaise de l'Extreme Orient. The author's interest centers on pre-Restoration bibliographies in the fields of history, religion, and literature, but his sections on general indexes and catalogues and on the bibliography of post-Restoration law and economics should be of very considerable value to the political scientist. The essay is divided into nine major
Page 3 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 3 sections each covering the bibliography of one of the following fields: 1) general indexes, 2) periodical publications, 3) biography, 4) history, 5) geography, 6) economics and law, 7) ethnography and linguistics, 8) religion, and 9) literature. An appendix treats the bibliography of more specialized subjects, e.g. mathematics, astronomy, calligraphy, rare books, etc. Sections 1 and 4 are outstanding, as is the treatment of the major bibliographies of economic and agricultural subjects in section 6. The treatment of post-Restoration politics is relatively weak and the general inadequacy of the bibliographical citations annoying. 3. Otsuka Kinnosuke Kt"-L i, "Marukishizumu shomoku no shomoku < vI - J. (Bibliography of Marxist bibliographies)," in Shakai keizai taikei i A,: 1, (Compilation of sociological and economic materials), v. 9. Separate sections cover the bibliography of socialism, of Marxism and of Bolshevism. 4. Seinen Toshokan'in Remmei, Toshokangaku Kankei Bunken GodO Mokuroku Hensan Iinkai - ~ i t~ i IP ~, ~t $ ~, i_/L1 I, z A,l. t X t g! (League of Young Librarians, Committee on a Union List of Writings on Library Science and Bibliography), Toshokangaku oyobi shoshigaku kankei bunken god6 mokuroku, Sh6wa junen genzai ~ ~t ~ ~ ~ ~t A d ~1 >L / _'J ] t i; i l o q # id (A union list of literature on library science and bibliography as of 1935), Osaka, Seinen Toshokan'in Remmei, 1938, 255pp. An exhaustive catalogue of works on library science and bibliography in Japanese, Chinese, and European languages held by the leading libraries of Japan. 5. Shoshigaku i, (Bibliography), Tokyo, Nihon Shoshigakkai, 1933-41. Monthly. This review's interests are essentially literary. Its usefulness to political scientists resides in its occasional surveys of current bibliographical literature. 6. Taiy6do6 k 7 t, Meicho kaidai daijiten Z - j - ~ ~ ~ (Dictionary of notable bibliographies), Tokyo, Taiyodo, 1931, 712pp. 7. Tanaka Kei VV t AL, "Tosho kaidai annai l % j 1 i ~ (Guide to bibliographical literature), " Tosho shfh6, nos. 74-75, 77, 79 and 81, 1931, pp. 300, 304, 312, 320 and 328 resp. Appeared originally under the title "Tosho kaidai no kaidai 1 ~ e ~ f e _ (Annotated bibliography of bibliographies)," in Toshokangaku k6za p ~ ~ ~ j t (Essay series on library science, v. 7, 1929, pp. 71-99. 8. Tosho chu ni fukumaretaru shomoku annai ]: 1 t- I i K f $ ~ (Guide to bibliographies included in books), Osaka, Osaka Shiritsu J6ot Toshokan, 1929, 49pp. 2. General Bibliographies The phrase "general bibliographies" is used somewhat loosely in the present work to designate books, articles, catalogues, or checklists too broad in coverage to permit their inclusion in any of the eight specialized bibliographic categories listed under Section 3. In general this means that they treat the bibliography of more than one specific field within the discipline of political science. Specific fields have been narrowly defined so that bibliographies of Japanese law, for example, are regarded as covering several specific political science fields and have, therefore, been categorized as general. Within this context it has been possible to distinguish some five subtypes of general bibliographies. These are listed and described under subsections a to e below. a. General The student of Japanese government and politics is particularly fortunate with respect to this category. There exist several really first-rate general bibliographies of Japanese reference books and research materials. At least four of these merit special notice (more detailed descriptions are provided in the entries proper). All save the last are extensively annotated and especially useful on that account. The most general in its coverage, and probably the best for the prewar period, is a monumental work by Hatano Ken'ichi and Yayoshi Mitsunaga entitled Kenkyu chosa sanko bunken soran (General survey of reference works for study and research). It is classified, covers the literature of all principal fields in political science in accurate and reliable fashion, and is well indexed and simple to use. The writers recommend it highly. Less general in scope but more intensive in its treatment is Kurita Motoji's Sogo kokushi kenkyu (General guide for research in Japanese history). Professor Kurita's emphasis was primarily on historical literature, but so broadly interpreted as to include numerous fields and subjects of direct interest to the political scientist. The sections on political history and biography and on such general research tools as dictionaries, encyclopedias, bibliographies, catalogues, and chronologies are especially good for items published prior to 1935. Professor Honj6 Eijiro's three-volume Nihon keizaishi bunken (Bibliography of Japanese economic history) should also be mentioned. This contains major sections on political, legal, and social as well as economic matters. The first volume covers items published prior to 1932 while the other two carry the coverage up to 1950. Finally, for postwar publications only, the student should be familiar with a two-volume publication of the Horitsu Jiho Henshubu entitled Sengo hogaku bunken somokuroku (A general bibliography of postwar legal materials). This is the single most satisfactory guide to Japanese legal and political writings published during the period from August 1945 to the end of 1953 with which the writers are familiar. Its
Page 4 4 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE political science sections are numerous, broadly defined, and excellent in their coverage. (For further information on these four items, see Entries 14, 29, 16, and 18). In addition to the works already mentioned, there are several others of sufficient quality and usefulness to merit special notice. The best of these is a two-volume classified but unannotated bibliography entitled Keizai horitsu bunken mokuroku (Catalogue of economic and legal literature) compiled by the Kobe Koto Shogyogakko Shogy6 Kenkyujo. It affords a more complete coverage of books, pamphlets, and important articles in all fields of political science appearing from 1916 to 1930 than does any other single source. Kuroita Katsumi's Kokushi no kenkyu also includes extensive lists of important Japanese historical works and excellent essays on the scope and methodology of the social sciences. There exists further a general classified bibliography of the literature of the Meiji era (1868-1912) entitled Meiji bunken mokuroku by Takaichi Yoshio which is most useful. (See Entries 26, 30, and 41, respectively). In the somewhat more specialized field of legal literature,mention should be made of three other bibliographical sources of outstanding merit. The first is a regular section of the Horitsu nenkan (Yearbook of law) entitled "H6ritsu chosho ichiran (Survey of legal publications)." This is a list of important legal books and articles published during the preceding year which is keyed to the numerous divisions of the six codes of Japanese law. The second is a lengthy article in the Bulletin de la Maison Franco-Japonaise, "Bibliographie des principaux ouvrages juridiques edites dans l'empire japonais." This gives a well-selected list of the most important monographs published in all fields of Japanese law from 1925 to 1936. The last is a work written by an eminent group of legal specialists at Tokyo University entitled Hogaku kenky5 no shiori (Guide to the study of law) published in 1950. This is a broad introduction to both the literature and major issues in all fields of Japanese public and private law. It provides an excellent orientation in these subjects. (For further information see Entries 17, 9, and 25, respectively). There also exist a number of weekly newspapers and other periodical publications which specialize in news about new publications of all types and in all fields. Three of the best known are described below (See Entries 11, 34, and 43). Others of the same general type include the Nihon Shoseki Shuppan Kyokai's Shukan dokushojin TWe-ekly reader), the Azusakai's Shuppan daijesuto (Publications digest), the Shuppan nyusu (Publication news) published by the Shuppan Nyususha, Osakaya's Hon no hon (Book of books), Bukkusu (Books) by the Bukkusu no Kai, and numerous others. Titles and publishers undergo not infrequent changes in this field. Finally, it should be noted that most of the professional journals and so-called "general magazines (sog6 zasshi)" contain regular review and new literature sections which are of considerable bibliographical importance. Such journals are listed and described in Chapter III below. A new but related undertaking of general bibliographical use is the Nihon shohyo kaidai sakuin gepp5 (See Entry 35), a monthly book review index which first appeared in March 1959. This provides a further and useful approach to the general bibliography of this field. 9. "Bibliographie des principaux ouvrages juridiques 6dites dans l'empire japonais," Bulletin de la maison franco-japonaise, v. 7, nos. 3-4, 1935, pp. 55-208. A highly selective but excellent list of outstanding works in the major fields of Japanese law. Attention is focused on monographs and books published between 1925 and January 1, 1936. Works published prior to 1925 are cited only if considered to be of "living" value or to comprise an important evolutionary stage in the development of modern legal doctrine. Entries are classified as follows: 1) philosophy of law and juridical sciences in general, 2) anniversary publications, 3) history of law and Roman law, 4) collections of laws and legal dictionaries, 5) constitutional law, 6) administrative law and taxes, 7) public international law, 8) private international law, 9) criminal law, 10) law of criminal procedure, 11) civil law, 12) commercial law, 13) law of civil procedure, 14) social law, 15) industrial law, 16) law of industrial, artistic and literary properties, 17) medical law, and 18) laws of foreign countries. Appendix I - a list of French legal works which have been translated into Japanese; Appendix II - a list of the legal works of Professor Sugiyama Naojir6; Appendix III - a list of the principal works in French on Japanese law. Titles are listed alphabetically in r6maji with French translations. Characters are given for title, author, and publishers. The contents of series and collections are analyzed. Annotations are few. This article comprises supplement no. 4 to "Bibliographies des principales publications dditees dans l'empire japonais (See Entry 78)." 10. Dai shiso ensaikuropejia - - -- -/ 4 7 v - ' (Encyclopedia of great thoughts), edited by Kanda Toyoho ~ v I #.., T6ky6, Shunjusha, 1927-30, 36v. Volumes 22, 23, 34, 35, and 36 of this famous encyclopedia are collectively entitled An annotated bibliography of the works of famous thinkers. The extensive entries in the first four of these volumes, however, refer only to the works of non-Japanese philosophers, political scientists, economists, lawyers, etc. Volume 36 includes Japanese works as well, but only in the fields of religion, philosophy, and literature. The separate index volume to the set includes a good classified list of Japanese reference books. 11. Dokusho shimbun; $ h l (Readers' guide), T6ky6, Dokusho Shimbunsha, [?]. Weekly. One of three major weekly newspapers devoted largely to brief reviews of current publications. See also Entries 34 and 43. 12. Gaimush6 Johobu Shogaika Bunkahan 9~ ffi, t. ~ ~ f_ - (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Information Bureau, Public Relations Division, Cultural Section), A bibliography of representative writings on Japanese culture and science, T6kyo, Gaimusho, 1947, 122+11pp. This unannotated list is the result of a Washington Documents Center request that SCAP direct the Japanese Government to have compiled a list of about twenty basic books in each of fifty specified fields. Categories
Page 5 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 5 of interest to the political scientist are as follows: 1) Japanese history (pre-Meiji), 2) Japanese history (post-Meiji), 3) Japanese law and jurisprudence, 4) Japanese statistical works, and 5) Japanese reference books, i.e., dictionaries, encyclopedias, and chronologies. It should be noted that, although each section was compiled by a Japanese expert, the selection in the above noted fields is highly arbitrary and tends to list older works and editions which have long since been superseded by more definitive treatments. The bibliographical citations are often seriously incomplete. 13. Hatano Ken'ichi ' ~ f. _,- "Sank6sho no shiori - $ ~ e (A guide to reference books)," Toshokan kenkyu (Uns6kai), v. 3, nos. 2 and 4, 1924, and v. 4, nos. 1-2, 1925. This journal is not to be confused with another of identical title published from 1928 on by the Seinen Toshokan'in Remmei (See Entry 44). The present journal was the organ of the Unsokai X$ 4' j, a separate organization. Copies have not been available for examination. 14. Hatano Ken'ichi )tC ~ f - and Yayoshi Mitsunaga ~ o^, Kenkyu ch6sa sank6 bunken s6ran ~ ~ -^ Y~,!. ^ 1j (General survey of reference works for study and research), Tokyo, Asahi Shobo, 1934, 877pp. A monumental annotated bibliography of Japanese reference works in all fields published from ancient times to 1932. Undoubtedly the most valuable single work in this field for the student of post-Restoration Japan. Other works with a similar purpose, such as Kamba Takeo's Kihonteki sanko tosho mokuroku (A catalogue of basic reference books) and Tanaka and Mori's Naigai sanko tosho no chishiki (q.v.), while excellent for elementary purposes, are most incomplete in comparison. Covers books, articles, and serial publications under the following major categories: 1) bibliographies, 2) yearbooks, 3) publishers' lists, 4) foreign and Japanese literature, 5) fine arts and crafts, 6) philosophy, 7) religion, 8) Japanese and foreign history, 9) geography, 10) sociology, 11) law, 12) politics, 13) administration and police, 14) colonial affairs, 15) foreign relations, 16) social affairs, 17) labor, 18) agriculture, 19) finance, 20) economics, 21) business, 22) foreign trade, 23) insurance, 24) statistics, 25) military affairs, 26) communications, 27) the natural and physical sciences. There is an additional section on foreign bibliographies and an appendix which discusses types of reference works, their use and limitations, the planning of research, and bibliographic style. It includes both general and detailed tables of contents, an index of all Japanese titles cited, and a separate index of foreign works listed by author. All entries are annotated. The quality of the work is marred only by a number of mistakes in bibliographical detail which may well be typographical errors. 15. Hirano Yoshitaro6 t t and Niijima Shigeru 4 A V, Shakai kagaku bunken kaidai: seiji keizaihen S t: Il_ y 4 --,$ (Annotated bibliography of works on social science: sections on politics and economics), Tokyo, Toho Shobo, 1949, 380pp. The primary emphasis is on non-Japanese writing and research. 16. Honjo Eijiro 4 it -;#%, Nihon keizaishi daisan bunken 9 $ A t i < A (A bibliography of Japanese economic history: No. ), TOkyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1953, 600pp. This is the third in a major series of bibliographical publications by Professor Honjo. All volumes contain major sections on political, social, and legal as well as economic history, and cover both books and periodical materials. No. 1, entitled Kaihan Nihon keizaishi bunken (A revised bibliography of Japanese economic history), combines and brings up to 1931 two previous bibliographies published in 1924 and 1926. No. 2, entitled Nihon keizaishi shin-bunken (A new bibliography of Japanese economic history), was published in 1942 and covers the literature from 1932-40. No. 3 carries the coverage from 1941 to 1950. A very useful series. 17. "H6ritsu chosho ichiran At 4 X $ -t (Survey of legal publications), Horitsu nenkan, v. 1, 1925+. This regular annual review section of the Horitsu nenkan presents a detailed classified list of all significant books and articles on legal subjects issued during the year. The arrangement is keyed primarily to the six codes of Japanese law with numerous subclassifications. A very useful bibliographical source. 18. H6ritsu Jih6 Henshabu If I t -W * t., Sengo hcgaku bunken somokuroku 4 4t -;4, t ',.. ~ (A general bibliography of postwar legal materials), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1954-55, 2v. An exhaustive two-volume compilation purporting to cover all significant books, articles and collections in all fields of law published in Japan from August 1945 until the end of 1953. Entries are arranged by title in the order of the syllabary and classified into 22 fields. Title, author, publisher, and year of publication are given for books; title, author, journal, and volume number for articles. The contents of collections are analyzed. Relevant bibliographic and reference materials, as well as collections of legal source materials, are covered. Treatment of official publications is normally limited to outstanding collections of source materials. In addition to all fields of public and private, domestic and international law, major sections are devoted to law in general; legal history; economic and industrial law; labor law and labor problems; social legislation and social problems; international politics and the history of international relations; political science, public administration, and political history; and to a miscellany of publications in such fields as general social science, sociology, social thought, economics, and history, where these have legal or political relevance. The section on political science is broadly defined and is excellent in its coverage. In general this would seem to be the most definitive single treatment of works of political interest for these years.
Page 6 6 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATEIHALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 19. H6sei Daigaku Kindaishi Kenkyukai -;i x 2 C /Kt (Hosei University, Research Society on Modern History), Nihon kindaishi bunken mokuroku - ichi ~ ~ L b _ '. 1 (A bibliography of modern Japanese history: 1), T6kyo, Hosei Daigaku Shuppankai, 1958, 158pp. 20. Ide Takashi i lo and Niijima Shigeru - j A-, Shakai kagaku bunken kaidai, tetsugaku ky6iku-hen i j 4J,0 L k' M 7 #_ t Z ff (Annotated bibliography of works on social science: sections on philosophy and education), T6kyo, Toho Shob6, 1949, 488pp. This is an annotated bibliography which emphasizes primarily non-Japanese works. Limited sections are of political interest. 21. Ikebe Yoshikata -t it_; A, Nihon h6seishi shomoku kaidai e l -A t _ $ ~ (Annotated bibliography of the history of Japanese legal institutions), Tokyo, Daitokaku, 1918, lv. ed., 815pp. Although this work does not cover legal works published since the Restoration, its value as a source for materials on the immediate background of modern Japanese law is so great that it is cited anyway. It is divided into three parts: 1) important catalogues and bibliographies of legal materials; 2) general reference works; and 3) specialized reference works. Annotations give the tables of contents of works cited, and, in respect to a number of scholarly journals, a list of all articles on pre-Restoration legal history. 22. Imanaka Tsugumaro 4 t, ASeijigaku ippan ni kansuru sanko shomoku AL; - 0 (A bibliography of reference works on general political science), " in Seijigaku yoran; j (Essentials of political science), Tokyo, 1928, pp. 269-74. 23. Jimbun,K L (The cultural sciences), T6ky6, Jimbun Kagaku Iinkai, March 1947 —[?]. Quarterly. The group which published this journal was a committee of the Ministry of Education. Each issue contains seven or eight leading articles on philosophical, literary, anthropological, political, or historical topics, and regular sections devoted to news of the academic world, a who's who in current research, bibliography, and book reviews. The bibliographical section is extensive and classified and affords excellent coverage of current books and selected articles in the fields of politics, law, foreign relations, economics, history, literature, and philosophy. Entries are not annotated. Four or five new books are also given formal reviews in each issue. The news of the academic world section notes the foundation of new academic societies, committee membership, reports of academic meetings, and long lists of research projects in process. The who's who in current research is a serial listing of the outstanding academicians and writers of postwar Japan by disciplines with an indication of their special fields. Volume 2, number 1, for example, covers teachers and writers in the field of law. 24. Kamba Takeo _ A K, Kihonteki sank6 tosho mokuroku. ~. ~ ~ 8 i 4 (Catalogue of basic reference books), Osaka, Mamiya Shoten, 1929, 42pp. A convenient list of basic reference works which, in Mr. Kamba's judgment, should be possessed by all Japanese libraries. Books are entered under the following general categories: 1) general (including bibliographies, dictionaries, yearbooks, newspapers, encyclopedias, etc.); 2) spiritual sciences; 3) historical sciences; 4) social sciences (including entries in the fields of politics, law, finance, statistics, sociology, education, folk ways, and military affairs); 5) natural sciences; 6) engineering; 7) industry; 8) the fine arts; 9) language; and 10) literature. 25. Kikui Tsunahiro t.* K, Yokota Kisaburo A - -, - p, and Wagatsuma Sakae ~, eds., Hogaku kenky5 no shiori (Guide to the study of law), Tokyo, Toky6 Daigaku Gakusei Bunka Shidokai, 1950, 2v. Written by members of the faculty of law of Tokyo University, this is an excellent general guide to research materials and academic issues in the fields of both public and private law. The fields covered are: legal philosophy, constitutional law, administrative law, international law, labor and industrial law, civil law, commercial law, penal law, law of criminal procedure, law of civil procedure, law of brankruptcy, private international law, foreign law, and legal history. 26. Kobe Koto Shogyo Gakko Shogyo Kenkyujo i ff o k | i, (Commercial Research Institute of the Kobe Higher Commercial School), Keizai horitsu bunken mokuroku S -^-,i g (Catalogue of economic and legal literature), Tokyo and Osaka, Hobunkan, 1927 and 1932, 2v. The most thorough and valuable of the unannotated bibliographies. Covers books, pamphlets, bulletins, official and statistical publications, and important articles and materials appearing in a wide range of magazines and newspapers during the years 1916-1930. It is based primarily on items listed in the bibliographic section ("Naikoku bunken mokuroku") of the Kokumin keizai zasshi and lavishly supplemented from many other professional journals, the Teikoku toshokampo, Naimusho nohon geppo, Kancho kanko tosho mokuroku, and numerous publishers' indexes and books. All major scholarly and professional journals have been scanned for significant articles, and a wide variety of newspapers, including the more important prefectural papers, have also been examined. A convenient checklist of all magazines and newspapers covered is prefaced to both volumes. Entries are classified according to thirty-six major, and a large number of minor, categories, the most notable among which from the political scientist's standpoint are the following: economic and social history; social and urban problems; naturalization, racial and population problems; agriculture and agricultural policy; commerce, commercial science, management and industrial associations; trade; domestic and foreign
Page 7 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 7 commercial policy; statistics and statistical science; economic and industrial conditions; the intellectual sciences in general; politics and administration; foreign relations and international politics; law and jurisprudence in general; constitutional law; administrative law; international public and private law; civil law; commercial law; industrial and social law; criminal law and policy; law of procedure and administration of justice; miscellaneous laws; history of law; law of other countries; collections of laws and ordinances, and collections of judicial decisions. Each volume contains an excellent and very detailed subject index, to which volume 1 adds a separate alphabetical index of the names of occidental authors cited. Volume 1 covers publications during the years 1916-1925; volume 2 extends the coverage to 1930, but does not include newspaper articles. 27. Kobundo Henshubu 3 z _ L. |L p (K6bund6 Editorial Staff), Bunken kaidai, s6sakuin _ f A >. (Annotated bibliography and general index), T6kyo, Kobund6, 1954, 58+43pp. A highly selective but useful annotated bibliography of postwar legal research and publication in Japan. It is part of the series entitled Horitsugaku k5za (Legal essay series). 28. Kokumin keizai zasshi g 4y, -ji ~. (Journal of national economics), Kobe, H6bunkan, June 1906[?]. Monthly. This journal is the organ of the Institute of Commercial Studies of the Commercial University of Kobe. All numbers from 1909 include a regular bibliographical section, usually entitled "Naikoku bunken mokuroku (Catalogue of Japanese literature)." This affords one of the most extensive and complete surveys of current publications in all social science fields available. Its coverage of new political, legal, and economic literature is particularly good. 29. Kurita Motoji. ' u j i, Sogo kokushi kenkya * i 1L; _ e 5_ (General guide for research in Japanese history), T6ky6, Dobun Shoin, 1935, 3v. This work, together with Hatano and Yayoshi's Kenkyui chosa sanko bunken soran is probably the best of the selective annotated bibliographies of historical and political literature. Its emphasis is primarily historical, but the sections on political history, legislative history, foreign relations, general histories, economic history, biographical literature, dictionaries, encyclopedias, indexes, catalogues, chronologies, genealogy, collections of essays, and historical journals are of outstanding value to the political scientist. The three volumes cover Japanese historical writings on all periods of national history published since 1868. It does not include local histories or Korean history. Volumes 1 and 2 are devoted to pre-Restoration history; consequently, volume 3 is the only one of direct concern to political scientists. It is devoted to the above-listed aspects of modern Japanese history. All entries are classified and extensively annotated. The brief essays prefacing each section are excellent guides to Japanese opinion on the scope and content of the major divisions of historical research. 30. Kuroita Katsumi. _ j,_, Kokushi no kenkyiu g._ e M _j (Study of Japanese history), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1931-36, rev. ed., 4v. Volume I of this work, subtitled Sosetsu (General introduction) possesses the following sections of bibliographical interest to the student of political science: 1) a chronology of important Japanese works on Japanese history arranged by years of publication from 1868 to 1930; 2) a similar chronology of works in Western languages on Japan published from 1364 to 1930, which is extremely interesting for the earlier years but very fragmentary for more recent publications; and 3) the author's recommendations of books and articles on political history classified under three heads - foreign relations, law, and the imperial court. The majority of the entries are unannotated. 31. "Meiji shoki seijigaku kankei bunken nempy6ryaku o;:/ tn WI at _ ]. f _ ~ i ~ (Brief chronology of literature on political science published during the early years of Meiji)," in Seijigaku kenkyiu &;, e wU, Onozuka ky6ju zaishoku nijigonen kinen,- or - AC ^. a t- F e- ~ (Volume published in commemoration of Professor Onozuka's 25th anniversary), v. 2, 1927, pp. 499-520. 32. Mombush6 Shakai Ky6ikukyoku L._ ~ ~: /t,_ ~ ~ (Ministry of Education, Social Education Office), Mombush6 nintei tosho mokuroku A_,;. _ t ~ g. (Catalogue of books approved by the Ministry of Education), Tokyo, Mombush6, 1931. A classified list of books, largely reference works, approved by the Ministry between January 1925 and May 1931. Useful as a guide to important reference books. 33. Mombush6 Shakai Kyoikukyoku )U - X - 4, & j? (Ministry of Education, Social Education Office), Toshokan shoseki hyojun mokuroku ( ~ A ~ ~ ' ^ ~, (Standard list of library literature), T6kyo, Mombush6, 1911-f? ]. Semiannual. A classified but unannotated list of outstanding reference and topical works, published during the six months preceding publication of any given number of this list, which the government feels should be included in the collections of all major libraries. Published annually from 1911 to 1922 and semiannually thereafter. Politics, law, history, finance and economics, statistics, and military affairs are among the categories covered. The varying emphasis on topical works of significance in terms of contemporary problems affords an interesting insight into governmental influence on popular reading.
Page 8 8 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 34. Nihon dokusho shimbun a; r~ ~ f A| (Japanese readers' guide), Tokyo, Nihon Shuppan Kyokai, January 1933+. Weekly. One of three major weekly newspapers mainly devoted to book reviews. The first page is usually given over to a leading essay on a topic of current academic or social interest. Page 2 is devoted to brief reviews of recent publications in the social or political area, while page 3 treats literature and the arts. Page 4 is devoted to miscellaneous publications. In the special 8-page edition issued every other week, the added 4 pages are devoted to natural science, periodicals, overseas news, children and education, movies, etc. A list of new publications for the past week appears in every issue. 35. Nihon shohy6 kaidai sakuin gepp6o E; o t i f - it l ] (Japan monthly book review index), Tokyo, Uchida Rokakuho, March 1959+. Monthly. Each issue of this new publication contains an index of book reviews appearing in Japanese newspapers and periodicals during a month or two month period. There is normally a time lag of two months between coverage and date of publication. Coverage is restricted to reviews of works of fairly general interest but this category is broadly interpreted and includes many books of political interest. This is the only publication of this type known to exist in Japan. 36. Osatake Takeki WA I d, "H6ritsugaku bunken - ~ L _ (Legal literature)," in Yoshino Sakuz5o 6 f t _, ed. Meiji bunka zenshiu ] i _ /,. X (Meiji cultural collection), T6kyo, Nippon Hyoronsha, 1928-30, v. 8, pp. 587-602. A convenient chronology of legal literature arranged by year of publication, with essential bibliographical data but no annotation, for the period 1867-1889. Japanese translations of occidental legal works are included. 37. Rikken Minseito Seimu Ch6sakan I. _.i L ~ e _-; (Constitutional Democratic Party, Political Affairs Research Institute), Tosho kemmei mokuroku | ~ o ~ ~ ~ (Catalogue of book titles), Tokyo, Rikken Minseito Seimu Ch6sakan, 1937, 3+40+695+42pp. One of the first examples of a Japanese political party's making a systematic survey of writings of political interest. The present list covers materials published between March 1934 and September 1936. 38. "Seijigaku ippan sankosho By > ~ -A_ J; ` 4 (General reference books for the study of political science), " in Seijigaku Kenkyuikai /i_ j > k ~ u /, (Political Science Research Society), Onozuka kyoju zaishoku nijugonen kinen /4, -f h { t V ' - A t Mo i (Essays in honor of Professor Onozuka's 25 years of service), T6ky6, 1927, v. 2, pp. 521-25. 39. "Seijigakushi ippan sankosho - A * Y_ h - e (General reference works on the history of political science), " in Seijigaku Kenkyukai K;I ~ H a ~ (Political Science Research Society), Onozuka kyoju zaishoku nijugonen kinen,> ' +4, ~ 4 ~ - - J- Au ~. (Essays in honor of Professor Onozuka's 25 years of service), T5kyo, 1927, v. 2, pp. 539-48. 40. "Seijishi gaikoshi ippan sank5sho K K k _ _ - | i f ~ (General reference works on political history and the history of foreign relations)," in Seijigaku Kenkyukai K_, t 't A 1 (Political Science Research Society), Onozuka kyoju zaishoku nijugonen kinen /I, >f 4 A $> L ~ A i~. (Essays in honor of Professor Onozuka's 25 years of service), Toky6, 1927, pp. 529-38. 41. Takaichi Yoshio $7 - /f At, Meiji bunken mokuroku A id._ o( 0 < (Catalogue of Meiji literature), Tokyo, Nippon Hyoronsha, 1932, 316pp. A very handy work for the student of Meiji politics. It covers about 4200 titles and is divided into two major parts. The first is a classified catalogue with categories for politics, law, history, economics, sociology, western culture, generalia, etc. with appropriate subcategories. Entries are listed by title without annotation. The second part lists entries by author's name arranged according to the table of the syllabary. The following sections of Part 1 merit special notice: 1) a list of the published biographies of prominent men of the Meiji Era (pp. 120-24); 2) a list of the works, diaries, letters, and records of certain important Meiji figures (pp. 124-25); 3) a list of works recording conversations with Meiji notables (pp. 125-26); and 4) a list of collections of Meiji biographical data (pp. 126-28). 42. Tanaka Kei t1 tf~ and Mori Miyahiko * 4-J g -, Naigai sank6 tosho no chishiki P ~ t " 97 k it (Guide to Japanese and foreign reference works), Tokyo, Toshokan Jigy6 Kenkyukai, 1929, 325pp. A useful annotated bibliography of both Japanese and occidental reference books, but far less comprehensive than Hatano and Yayoshi (q. v.). Pages 1-216 are devoted to a classified and annotated list of Japanese reference works, while the rest of the volume discusses occidental reference books. Political scientists will be primarily interested in the section on the social sciences - with subsections on legal systems, politics and foreign relations, law, economics, statistics, and sociology - and on history and biography. Entries are listed by title, with complete bibliographical data plus a brief description of the contents. The preface contains two interesting essays on the use of reference books. There is a title index of Japanese works cited.
Page 9 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 9 43. Tosho shimbun * t t NJ (Readers' news), Tokyo, Tosho Shimbunsha, June 1949+. Weekly. One of three major weekly newspapers devoted to brief reviews of recent serious publications in Japan. In addition to book reviews, various current topics of academic interest are dealt with. Essays and symposia also appear. Four-page and eight-page editions are issued in alternate weeks. In every issue a list of publications during the preceding week appears. 44. Toshokan kenkyiu I- a ~t (Library research), Osaka, Mamiya Shoten, v.1, no. 1, January 1928-[? ]. Quarterly. This is the organ of the Seinen Toshokan'in Remmei (The League of Young Librarians), and an invaluable source for information on all aspects of library science in Japan. Their articles on cataloguing are excellent, while those on bibliographical technique should be of general interest. Occasional articles by Amano Keitaro list valuable materials on political science, while the regular list of accessions to the Mamiya Library is of considerable value. 45. Toshokan zasshi 1 t, t 1 t (Library journal), Tokyo, Nihon Toshokan Kyokai, v. 1, no. 1, October 1907-? 1. Monthly. This is the official organ of the Japanese Library Association. It contains a regular classified section on new publications, entitled Shinkan tosho mokuroku, which is of considerable bibliographical use. It also reprints the Ministry of Education's monthly lists of selected literature. 46. Yamada Hideo 5 4 I /4, ed., Shakai kagaku nempyo k /,\ J } k (Annals of the social sciences), Toky6, Dobunkan, 1956, v. 1, 23+560pp. This is the first volume in a projected series representing a unique type of combined chronology and bibliography of developments in the social sciences. The series is intended to cover works of importance in such fields as political science, law, economics, sociology, history, pedagogy, philosophy, literature, and those in natural science having a significant effect on social science thought and writing. The years 1401 -1918 are to be covered, but the present volume goes only to 1750. Facing pages are used as a unit, the first five columns of which are used for the purpose of listing in chronological order the relevant social science literature under the countries where it was produced: 1) Great Britain and the United States; 2) France, Italy, and Belgium; 3) Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands; 4) Russia, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Sweden, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia; and 5) Japan. The sixth and final column is devoted to a chronology of important social and cultural events in these countries. The bibliographical data is given in both Japanese and the original language. Indexes of authors, titles, and names occurring in the chronology are appended. 47. Yasuda Shin'ei -r ~ j ~ and Ishikura Toshio A t l k, Saikin junenkan ni okeru shis6 kankei shuppambutsu s6ran f. -a - - p r] -: it, t ~ 3 \] ~ h T ~ _ (Catalogue of ideological publications during the last ten years), T6ky6, T6e Shoin, 1933, 5+326+91pp. A classified index to publications representing the views of such movements as communism, fascism, and intermediate stands. There are sections on politics, law, economics, social affairs, and philosophy. A useful supplement provides succinct identifications of organizations active in social, labor, and agrarian movements. 48. Yoshino Sakuzo f /J 4-, "Meiji shoki seijigaku kankei bunken gaimoku Ad. 2' 4t M &, l_ 4t i (General survey of the literature of political science during the early part of Meiji),T Kokka Gakkai zasshi, v. 39, no. 12, December 1925, pp. 2059-73. An unannotated list of publications in the field of political science arranged by year of publication and covering the period 1868-1890. A selection of more important works published during the years 1827, 1845, 1848, 1850-51, 1853-56, 1858, 1860-62 and 1865-67 is also included. Only title, author, and number of volumes are indicated. This does not differ appreciably from the author's later list in the Meiji bunka zenshi (q.v.). 49. Yoshino Sakuzo i f \ ' t, "Meiji shoki seijigaku kankei bunken kaidai l 5; p J i % r ~, >(_ At' * XL (Annotated bibliography of the literature of political science published during the early years of Meiji), " Kokka Gakkai zasshi, v. 40, no. 4, April 1926, pp. 665-73. A sequel to the preceding entry in which the author discusses several Japanese translations of or works based upon occidental treatises on international law plus a few other works. 50. Yoshino Sakuz6o ` W F ', "Seiji bunken nempy6o iL ~z_ Jt J; (Chronology of political literature), t in the author's Meiji bunka zenshfu a;, _, ~ (The Meiji cultural collection), T6kyo, Nippon Hyoronsha, 1928-30, v. 7, pp. 551-73. A useful chronological list of politica literature, including translations from Western and Chinese sources, published from 1867 to 1894. It is largely unannotated. See also Entries 316, 321, 370, and J. W. Hall, Nos. 4-52.
Page 10 10 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE b. Library Catalogues Since the war the task of compiling a national bibliography of Japanese publications has been taken over by the National Diet Library (Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan). Its catalogues replace those compiled in prewar times by the Ministry of the Interior (Naimush6). Articles 24 and 25, as amended, of the National Diet Library Law require the automatic deposit with the Library of practically all new publications of the Japanese government as well as those of private publishers throughout Japan. The Library's catalogues thus provide the most complete and definitive listing of all types of publication in postwar Japan. For the period since April 1948 the basic series (See Entry 53) entitled Zen-Nihon shuppambutsu somokuroku is well organized and relatively simple to use. Attention is also called to Entries 51 and 55, two other postwar library publications which focus more specifically on legal and political works. In prewar times Japanese law long required that copies of all commercially printed works be submitted to the Ministry of the Interior for copyright and censorship purposes. The appropriate bureau within the ministry, after processing these, was in the habit of issuing lists of all titles submitted. These provide an exhaustive and practically complete guide to all Japanese literature with the exception of official publications and magazine articles. Publication of such lists appears to have been intermittent in the early days but continuous since at least 1924. Despite their completeness these Ministry of the Interior catalogues are in general difficult to obtain in this country and very inconvenient to use. Save in the case of the most exacting or specialized research, it is usually possible to obtain equally satisfactory bibliographical information with far less effort from a variety of other sources. If it does become necessary to consult so detailed a reference work for information on materials published since 1908, the Teikoku toshokampo (Bulletin of the Imperial Library) contains the same titles and is simpler to use. For earlier materials, however, the Ministry of the Interior's catalogues entitled Toshokyoku shomoku and Daini toshoka shomoku, which cumulate the titles of publications issued in the 1870s and 1880s, do possess a definite value for the student of political history. They probably afford more complete coverage of printed works during these early years than does any other single source. These prewar catalogues of the Ministry of the Interior and the major series of prewar library catalogues have been completely described by J. W. Hall on pages 9-13 of the Japanese History volume of the present Bibliographical Series. The following items are, therefore, restricted to a few major catalogues, primarily postwar in date, which possess particular interest or importance to political scientists. 51. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan Shibu Toshokambu 15 J- 1 ' 9 w f f 4t f _ 7 (National Diet Library, Branch Library Section), Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan gyosei shih6 shibu toshokan tosho sogo mokuroku _ l 4~, ). _ ~ ~{ At X- -;^, -,.t t /4 4 ], (General. catalogue of books held by the administrative and judicial branch libraries of the National Diet Library), T6ky6, National Diet Library, 1954+. Annual. The branch libraries here concerned are those established in September 1948 in pursuance of the provisions of the National Diet Library Law. They are located in the principal ministries and judicial organs of the national government. This unannotated catalogue lists books and other materials held in each such branch library. An index is appended. 52. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan Ukeire Seiribu I[] k I $ my,X - > > - 3 (National Diet Library, Acquisition and Cataloguing Department), Shusho tsuho,_ 4 _.-(Current acquisitions), T6ky6, Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan Kanribu, November 1948+. Irregular. An irregularly published list of works acquired by the National Diet Library. Separate lists for foreign language and Japanese and Chinese publications were initiated in No. 11 of this series. 53. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan Ukeire Seiribu 1 i 4- ( 4 W & - _ t 3 > (National Diet Library, Acquisitions and Cataloguing Department), Zen-Nihon shuppambutsu somokuroku / g i, i;. g it (General catalogue of Japanese publications), T6kyo, Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan Kanribu, 1951+. Annual. An annual national catalogue of books and periodicals published in Japan since April 1948. Recent editions have been divided into major sections on: 1) books, covering national and local governmental publications, ordinary books and children's books; 2) periodicals, covering national and local governmental periodicals, ordinary periodicals and newspapers; 3) special data, treating publications in Braille, records, motion picture films, slides, and certain illustrative materials; 4) supplements; and 5) appendices, which contain title indexes for books and periodicals, a table of publishers, and a table on the amount of publication being done in Japan. The data provided for entries usually include: author, title, publisher, date of publication, size of book, pagination, and price. This is the most authoritative and compendious catalogue of this type ever published in Japan. Coverage usually runs about two years behind the date of publication. 54. Minami Manshu Tetsudo Kabushiki Kaisha a7j:-.Jf Ad A - (South Manchurian Railway Co., Ltd.), Sakuin mokuroku. ~1 I (Index catalogue), Dairen, Minami Manshu Tetsud6 Kabushiki Kaisha, 1928-29, 1934, 3v. A catalogue of all books and data held by the General Affairs and Research Section (later the Data Section) of the South Manchurian Railway Company. Most relate to politics, diplomacy, and economic and social affairs in Manchuria and China. The first volume covers a period ending in 1923, the second volume the period from January 1924 to September 1927, and the third October 1927 to October 1933. The contents of each volume are classified as follows: geography, history, culture, economics, agriculture, forestry, the dairy
Page 11 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 11 industry, fishing, mining, industry, commerce, transportation, finance, money and banking, colonization and immigration, social affairs and labor, cities, legal system, politics, diplomacy, military affairs, and the South Manchurian Railway, and relevant legislation. 55. Saik5 Saibansho Toshokan IL Ij 'J 't 1 1 I / (Supreme Court Library), H6ritsu tosho mokuroku, washo no bu, 1950 -X; I 3 ~ 4 X ~, 1950 (Catalogue of legal works, Japanese section, 1950), Toky6, Saik6 Saibansho Toshokan, 1950, 6+278+104+18pp. An unannotated but classified catalogue of the legal collection of the Supreme Court Library as of June 1950. An author index is appended. 56. Saiko Saibansho Toshokan ~ X V 4'i 4T I ~ / (Supreme Court Library), Saik6 saibansho toshokan ippan tosho mokuroku, washo no bu, sen kyuhyaku goju3ichi nen jdnigatsu matsu genzai f- $ if1 - V 4 t - 0 4 < { -p I. Itq/ en-/, n ~ by ~ (Catalogue of non-legal works held by the Supreme Court Library as of the end of December 1951: Japanese section), T6ky6, Saiko Saibansho Jimu S6kyoku S6mukyoku, 1953, 1207pp. This unannotated catalogue is classified as follows: general works, philosophy, history, social sciences, technology, manufacturing industry, fine arts, language, and literature. An author index is appended. See also Entries in J. W. Hall, nos. 53-82. c. Publishers' and Bookdealers' Yearbooks and Catalogues Japanese publishers' catalogues in general and the so-called shuppan nenkan (yearbooks of publications) in particular are exceedingly useful sources of bibliographical information. The latter, it should be noted, are largely issued by associations of publishing houses, not by individual publishers. The significance of this lies in the fact that they usually list only works printed or carried by their member firms. This, and the further fact that membership is apt to be localized in the Tokyo area, somewhat limit their coverage. Since, however, the Tokyo publishers print a vast majority of all Japanese books and most of the Tokyo publishers belong to the major publishing associations, the shuppan nenkan of these groups include a large majority of the new commercially printed titles issued during the year. They are, furthermore, well classified and simple to use. The best of the prewar shuppan nenkan is the series published annually since 1930 by Tokyodo. Its coverage is perhaps not quite so extensive as that of the similar and next ranking series published by the Toky6 Shosekish6 Kumiai since 1929, but this is more than offset by the brief but pithy description of each item's contents given in its listings. With this qualification, both series are highly recommended. Certain of the major publishing associations also publish additional types of catalogues of which the student should be aware. Both Tokyodo and Toky6 Shosekisho Kumiai, for example, also publish a monthly catalogue on which their shuppan nenkan was based. Of far more importance, however, are the catalogues known as Tosho s6mokuroku (General catalogues of books) issued at irregular intervals by the T6ky6 Shosekisho Kumiai. This great publishers index passed through nine editions between 1893 and 1940. Each issue represents a cumulation of the entries in those numbers of the association's monthly catalogue which had appeared since the preceding edition, plus older stock still on hand. Each edition thus represents a catalogue of books in print as of its publication date, with the qualification that only titles printed or carried by member firms are included. It is, therefore, of far broader scope than the shuppan nenkan. Students interested primarily in postwar publications will find the same types of publishers' catalogues available in two series. The Nihon shuppan nenkan (Entry 57) covers publications during the 1942-47 period, while the Shuppan nenkan (Entry 59) covers the years since 1950. There is a gap for the 1948-49 period. Many publishers and publishers' associations also publish periodicals of a weekly or monthly type containing reviews of new books and lists of recent publications. A number of the major ones have already been mentioned in the introduction to Section a above (q.v.). 57. Nihon Shuppan Kyodo Kabushiki Kaisha 9; i, L,~ [ ~ A / b (Japan Publishing Association), Nihon shuppan nenkan; JL L (Yearbook of Japanese publications), Tokyo, Nihon Shuppan Kyodo Kabushiki Kaisha, 1943-48. A wartime and postwar version of the familiar prewar publishers yearbooks issued by T&kyodo, T6kyo Shosekish6 Kumiai, etc., and very similar to these in makeup and contents. The 1943 edition covers publications during 1942, the 1947 edition, the period 1943-45, and the 1948 edition 1946-47. Part I consists of a general survey of activities in the book and magazine publishing fields; part II describes the organization and activities of various publishing associations; and part III, constituting the major portion of the volume, sets forth a classified list of outstanding works for this period selected by the Ministry of Education and the Japan Publishers' Association, followed by a classified list of books published during the years under consideration. Entries are arranged by author according to a detailed classification scheme, and are unannotated. Part IV is a classified list of magazines giving title, frequency of issue, measurements, average pagination, price and publisher; part V cites the texts of laws and ordinances which affect the publishing business; and part VI is a list of publishing houses and their addresses. This series continues the T6kyodo series and is succeeded by Entry 59. 58. Shuppan nyusu -- - - (Publishing news), T6ky6, Nihon Shuppan Haikyu Kabushiki Kaisha, 11 November 1946-[? ]. Every 10 days. A trade journal giving news of the publishing business plus an extensive list of new publications, both books and periodicals. The contents of all entries are briefly described.
Page 12 12 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 59. Shuppan Nyuisusha i~ ~ - - ~ A, Shuppan nenkan R L - 4L (Yearbook of publications), Tokyo, Shuppan Nyususha, 1951+. A very comprehensive publishers yearbook generally similar to the prewar Toky5do series (Entry 60), and to Entry 57 which it supersedes, save that it lacks annotations. It is the only publication of its type currently available. Contents and arrangement vary somewhat from year to year but a recent issue contains: 1) a general review of publishing; 2) a list of books published during the year prior to the publication of this volume; 3) a list of periodicals in print; 4) publishing statistics; 5) lists of publishers, libraries, presses, etc.; 6) a section on legislation and regulations affecting the publishing trade; and 7) a series of indexes. 60. TokyodO ~ ~ t, Shuppan nenkan i Kgz- 1 K (Yearbook of publications), T6kyo, Tokyodo, 1930-41. This is the most useful of the several prewar yearbooks of publications noted in this section. Each volume covers publications during the calendar year preceding its issue. Like the comparable yearbook of the Toky5 Shosekish6 Kumiai, it covers only works handled by member firms. This includes a large majority of the titles appearing in Japan. Subscription works, texts and government publications are usually not covered. Each issue is divided into seven major sections. Section 1 covers the following matters of possible interest: a) a month-by-month account of publishing news; b) a list of important books selected by the publishers; c) a list of books and magazines banned by the Home Ministry every month; d) news about magazines; e) a list of newspapers and publishing firms which regularly issue significant bibliographic articles or book reviews; f) after 1932, the Ministry of Education and the Library Association's lists of outstanding books; and g) after 1935, a classified bibliography section listing all major bibliographical books and articles appearing during the preceding year. Section 2 gives a great variety of current and historical publishing statistics. Section 3 provides an elaborately classified catalogue of the year's publications, with complete bibliographical data for every entry, plus identification of the author, and, of particular use, a brief but pithy description of its contents. Section 4 is a classified list of current Japanese magazines with complete bibliographical data, and, after 1933, a brief description of their usual interests and emphases. Section 5 furnishes a list of Japanese publishing houses and their addresses, while Sections 6 and 7 set forth respectively the constitutions and by-laws of the several publishing associations and the texts of laws and ordinances affecting the publishing business. This series is carried on by Entry 57. 61. Tokyo Shosekish6 Kumiai t ~ & * Sy 4 4, (T5ky6 Bookdealers' Association), Shuppan nenkan, ft- S (Yearbook of publications), Toky6, Tokyo Shosekisho Kumiai Jimusho, 1929-[? ]. Annual. This is the less useful of the two major annual publishers' indexes in prewar Japan. It is a classified but unannotated list of all books published by members of the Association during the preceding year. It thus covers most but not all books published in Japan during such a period. It lists relatively few official publications. The major part of any edition is taken up by a classified list of the year's publications. Categories vary somewhat from edition to edition, but usually the political scientist will find major or minor heads on the imperial house and the national polity; political science, the national political scene, foreign relations, political parties, the cabinet, politicians, the Diet, elections and local government; history and geography; economics, finance and social problems; collections and published lectures, subscription works, dictionaries, who's who and similar directories, and yearbooks. A number of editions during the 1930s follow the annoying practice of listing works within each of the preceding categories by month of publication. Complete bibliographical data are given for each entry. Separate sections of each edition contain a wealth of specialized information on the publishing business and related activities. Publishing and advertising statistics for the year are always given, plus a month-by-month account of publishing news, description of the organizations and activities of the several trade associations, texts of laws and regulations affecting the business,etc. Of greater bibliographical utility are the occasional surveys of scholarly journals and lists of officially proscribed books. In general the student will probably find this work less convenient to use and less informative than its major rival, the Tokyodo's Shuppan nenkan (q.v.). This series of publishers' yearbooks was really inaugurated by a shortlived Tosho somokuroku series first issued by the Association in 1926. 62. T6kyo Shosekish6 Kumiai * I W 4, (T6ky6 Bookdealers' Association), Tosho s6mokuroku 68 t, A # At (General catalogue of books), Toky6, Tokyo Shosekish6 Kumiai Jimusho, 1893, 1898, 1906, 1911, 1918, 1923, 1929, 1933 and 1940. The great publishers index of Japan which passed through nine editions prior to the war. Each edition represents a cumulation of the entries in those issues of the Association's Tosho geppo appearing since the previous edition plus older stock still on hand. In general, therefore, each edition represents a catalogue of books in print as of its publication date, with the qualification that only titles published or handled by members of the Association are included. This covers a large majority of all books published in Japan. Most editions consist of three parts, a title catalogue, a publisher's catalogue and a classified catalogue. After the 1929 edition, an author catalogue is also included. Complete bibliographical data - but no annotations - are given in all cases. A separate section lists alphabetically all foreign language works published by Japanese firms. The classified catalogue affords a detailed coverage of works in all major fields of political science and related subjects. There is a subject index. The first and second editions of this work, although issued by the same Association, bear the variant title of Tokyo shoseki shuppan eigy6sha kumiai shoseki s6mokuroku. See also Entries: 11, 34, 43.
Page 13 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 13 d. Guides to Official Publications Since a large part of their most basic data is frequently derived from official sources, bibliographies of government publications have a special importance for students of political science. In general, it will be found that official publications issued after January 1927 —with the exception of the wartime period from 1941-45 —are well indexed in the numerous issues of the Cabinet Printing Office's Kanch6 kank6 tosho mokuroku and Kancho kanko tosho gepp6 together with their postwar successor, the National Diet Library's Kancho kank6butsu s6g6 mokuroku (See Entries 69, 70, and 66). Among them these complementary series cover most nonclassified material issued by the national government. The two prewar series cover the publications of prefectural and colonial governments as well. The lack of any cumulated edition of, or index to these catalogues is inconvenient since it necessitates a volume by volume examination, but at least they do afford a reasonably satisfactory coverage of official publications for the period concerned. For a more restricted insight into a selection of the publications of certain major national administrative agencies issued since January 1957, the student's attention is also directed to Entry 73, a monthly Catalogue of government publications, which has the advantage of some annotation for items listed. The writers know of no comparable guide to the publications of the forty-six postwar prefectural governments. These are voluminous (See Chapter XXIV, Section 3 for selected examples) and often quite valuable. It is frequently difficult, however, to obtain a complete or reliable catalogue of them even in the particular prefectural offices or libraries concerned. A satisfactory guide to national or local governmental publications for the period prior to 1927 is equally difficult to find. The writers know of no really reliable or complete source for such information. This is not to say that such materials cannot be located. They can be, but only by dint of tedious and time-consuming labors. It is hoped that the following remarks may prove helpful in such an undertaking. Perhaps the most complete and reliable sources of information on government publications between the Restoration and the end of 1926 are the catalogues of the Cabinet Library (Naikaku Bunko) and the Imperial Library (Teikoku Toshokan). Both are issued in classified and title series, and are identified and described in some detail in Professor J. W. Hall's bibliography (See Entries 63-66 and 71-78). For materials published after 1883, the column entitled Zapp6ran (General news column) in every Wednesday's edition of the Kamp6 (Official gazette) lists government publications issued during the preceding week. Needless to say, this is a particularly inconvenient source of information. A limited number of more specialized catalogues are also available. At irregular and lengthy intervals certain government departments have issued indexes of their own publications. Some prefectural governments or prefectural libraries have performed a similar service for their own jurisdiction. In both cases, however, the works are apt to be rare and probably impossible to obtain in this country. The situation in respect to such bibliographies remains, therefore, most unsatisfactory. Students seeking official materials published from 1868 to 1927 will probably find themselves forced either to rest content with materials unearthed indirectly through references in secondary or other sources, or to face the considerable task of working through the above-mentioned library catalogues. Since Japan's surrender in 1945 certain major collections of official documents have become available to Japanese and foreign scholars. The most important of these are undoubtedly the voluminous materials developed, and in most cases translated into English, in the course of the Tokyo War Crimes Trials, the extensive selections from the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the years 1868-1945 reproduced on microfilm by a United States Library of Congress team, and the similar microfilm collection of historical materials excerpted from the archives of the Japanese Army and Navy Ministries. These represent enormous accumulations of primary source materials which have as yet been relatively little used although readily available in this country. Fortunately, partial or complete guides to the contents of all are available (See Entries 63, 75, and 76). Finally, it should be noted that several years ago the Japanese government took preliminary steps to improve the system for the public distribution and sale of at least some of its major official publications. These resulted during 1956 in the establishment in Tokyo (1, 2-chome, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku) of the Government Publications Service Center (Seifu Kank6butsu Sabisu Senta). This has been of substantial service in making available a limited number of national governmental publications. However, the vast majority of these remain in the "hibaihin (notfor-sale)" category. Their acquisition on reliable and practicable terms remains one of the major problems confronting interested libraries in this country. 63. Dull, Paul S. and Michael T. Umemura, The Tokyo Trials, a functional index to the Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Center for Japanese Studies, Occasional Papers, No. 6 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1957), vi+94pp. An exceedingly useful analytic index of the fifty thousand-odd pages of the Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. It should be noted that it covers only the Proceedings and does not, therefore, include exhibits which are not made a part of the court's record, rejected documents, the judgments, or the Proceedings in Chamber. Since an adequate name index of the Proceedings already existed (IPS Documents Nos. 0008 and 0005), the names of counsel and witnesses other than defendants have not been included. Other indices to the voluminous materials developed in the course of the Tokyo Trials are separately available as a part of the IMTFE documentation. The principal items concerned are: 1) a two-volume "Index of Exhibits" prepared by the Tribunal; 2) an index to the Saionji-Harada Memoirs prepared by the International Prosecution Section (IPS); 3) an IPS "Revised index of documents by defendants"; 4) an IPS "Index to documents (by phase and subject)"; 5) an IPS "Index of documents not specifically linked to one or more of the defendants"; 6) an IPS "Numerical list of IPS documents introduced as court exhibits"; 7) an
Page 14 14 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE "Index of witnesses" compiled by the Tribunal; 8) a "General Index of the record of the prosecution's case" (IPS Doc. No. 0005); and 9) a "General index of the record of the defense case" (IPS Doc. No. 0008) which is markedly incomplete, covering only about one-third of the Defense Case. For more complete information on the documentation produced by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, the student is referred to an excellent article by Professor Delmer M. Brown entitled "Recent Japanese political and historical materials" in the American Political Science Review, vol. XLIII, no. 5 (Oct. 1949), pp. 1010-17. 64. Gaimush6 Bunshoka Toshogakari 4 U i i. 4 ~ (l ~ S, (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Documentary Department, Library Section), Hompo shokancho kaisha kyokai dantai kanko kakushu s6sho shiryo oyobi panfuretto mokuroku *$ ~ ~ j" /, i / (I / t ~ - ~ ~ e _* -a 7 4 y t - (A catalogue of various series, research materials and pamphlets published by various Japanese governmental offices, firms, associations and organizations), Tokyo, Gaimusho Bunshoka Toshogakari, 1930-31, 3v. 65. "Kaku kancho kaisha sonota shuppanbutsu mokuroku 4 K _ g - _ /,t $ e A /. (Catalogue of publications of various government offices, firms, etc.)," Naigai chosa shiry6, nos. 1-2, 4-7, 1929. 66. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan Shibu Toshokambu (- I o e a g t (National Diet Library, Branch Library Department), Kancho kankobutsu sogo mokuroku i(General catalogue of government publications), Tokyo, National Diet Library, 1952+. Annual. This invaluable series covers the great majority of governmental publications issued since September 1945. In general it includes all publications issued by national or local organs of the central government with the exception of public educational institutions under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education. It does not treat the publications of prefectural or other local governments. Coverage lags two years behind the date of publication,, vol. 7 published in March 1959 covers items appearing during 1957. Entries are not annotated but give complete bibliographical data, including frequently an indication of where copies of the work concerned may be found. Entries are elaborately classified: the social science division, for example, contains sections on politics, jurisprudence, economics, public finance, statistics, social affairs, education, manners and customs, national defense, and military affairs. A comprehensive index is appended. The series continues the great prewar catalogues of similar content published by the Cabinet Printing Office (Entries 69-70). For those desiring an even more up-to-date account of government publications, it might be noted that these annual editions of the Kancho kankobutsu sogo mokuroku represent cumulations of entries in the monthly editions of the magazine Biblos, which is published by the National Diet Library's Department of Branch Libraries, which is itself a liaison center of some twenty-nine government office libraries. Biblos does not, however, list periodicals, whereas the annual cumulation does. 67. Mombusho < X (Ministry of Education), Mombusho shuppan shomoku p ' I (Catalogue of publications of the Ministry of Education), Tokyo, Mombusho, 1881, 2v. 68. Naikaku Insatsukyoku X e es A \ (Cabinet Printing Office), Kampno a X (Official Gazette), Tokyo, Naikaku Insatsukyoku, 1883+. Daily. The column entitled Zapporan (General News Column) of every Wednesday's edition of the prewar Kampo contains a list of government publications issued during the preceding week. Far less convenient to use a source of information on official publications than the Naikaku Insatsukyoku's Kancho kanko tosho geppo and Kancho kanko tosho mokuroku (q.v.). 69. Naikaku Insatsukyoku p X A p ~ 'J I1 (Cabinet Printing Office), Kanch5 kanko tosho mokuroku ', ^J AT f t h l (Catalogue of government publications), Tokyo, Naikaku Insatsukyoku, 1927-37. Quarterly. Covers all books, serial publications, pamphlets, maps, etc. - with the exception of classified materials - published by all government offices. Part I lists publications by issuing agency; part II is a classified list. Part I breaks down into cabinet publications, publications by the several ministries of state, the army general staff, supervisor of military education, army divisions, naval general staff, the administrative court, House of Peers, House of Representatives, the Chosen (Korean) and Taiwan (Formosan) governor-generalcies, the Kwantung, Karafuto and South Seas offices, the Metropolitan Police Office, Hokkaido, the 3 urban and 44 rural prefectures, as well as the publications of local offices, meteorological stations, commercial museums, public schools, etc. Part II contains the following categories of particular interest to the political scientist: the imperial house, political affairs, foreign relations, legislation, judicial affairs, statistics, economics, finance, labor and social problems, military affairs, local government, police, official gazettes and administrative affairs. Complete bibliographical data, including price and postal charges, are given for all entries. Part II frequently gives a brief description of the item's contents. Unfortunately, there exists no cumulative index either annually or for longer periods to this series or to its successor, the Kancho kanko tosho geppo (q.v.), which continues its coverage. 70. Naikaku Insatsukyoku Pl X 5 A\ t (Cabinet, Printing Office), Kancho kanko tosho geppo 1 bi ' t I] t q 4f (Monthly catalogue of governmental publications), Tokyo, Naikaku Insatsukyoku, January 1938.-43. Monthly. A continuation on a monthly basis of the quarterly issued by the same office entitled Kanch kancho kanko tosho mokuroku (q.v.), the serial numbering of the two periodicals being consecutive. Make-up and coverage of the
Page 15 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 15 monthly is similar to that of its quarterly predecessor and is described under the preceding entry. In postwar times this work was taken up by Entry 66. 71. N6rinsh6 Bunshoka U f: ~ _ ~ i; (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Documents Section), Norinsh6 tosho mokuroku g t #$ 41 ~ ~ f (Catalogue of publications of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry), Tokyo, N6rinsho, 1929-32, 2v. These two volumes comprise a basic survey of publications prior to 1929 plus two supplements covering publications from 1929 to 1932. Certain of the Ministry's studies of rural co-operatives, peasant organizations and the farm tenancy problem should be of decided interest to political scientists. 72. N6sh6mu Daijin Kamb6 Bunshoka A - * I a-, - t $ (Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, Secretariat, Documents Section), N6shomusho shuppan tosho ichiran _ * tti If - j (Survey of publications of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce), T6ky6, Nosh6musho, n.d. 73. Seifu Kankobutsu Sabisu Sentia ~ / ''J V < - ^" A.; - -7-(Government Documents Service Center), Seifu kankobutsu mokuroku -f -'. lt 'I T W q < (Catalogue of government publications), Tokyo, Seifu Kank6butsu Fukyu Kyogikai, Jan. 1957 +. Monthly. A monthly classified catalogue of government publications compiled by the Government Documents Service Center. The contents are classified by issuing agency: cabinet, personnel authority, prime minister's office, the ministries, Japan Monopoly Corporation, Japanese National Railways and the Japan Tele-Communication and Telephone Corporation. Each entry gives issuing agency, title, a summary statement of the main items covered, date of publication, publisher and price. The catalogue is distributed publicly free of charge except for postage. It is less definitive than Entry 66. 74. Shih6sh6o; -/ ' (Ministry of Justice), Shih6sh6 shuppan shomoku i - O ' ~ t gi (Catalogue of Ministry of Justice publications), Toky6, Shih6sho, 1884, 52pp. 75. Uyehara, Cecil H., Checklist of Archives in the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tokyo, Japan, 1868 -1945, microfilmed for the Library of Congress 1949-1951 (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, Photoduplication Service, 1954), xii+262pp. A descriptive catalogue of the contents of 2,116 reels of microfilm representing over 3,600 groups of documents and upwards of two million pages selected from the archives of the Japanese Foreign Ministry. The material is divided into nine series as follows: Meiji-Taish6 documents (804 reels), Sh6wa documents (722 reels), unindexed documents (52 reels), special studies (185 reels), papers of the parliamentary vice-minister, Matsumoto Tadao (76 reels), biographical materials (6 reels), treaties (13 reels), documents of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (94 reels), and telegrams (164 reels). In the body of the catalogue each document or documentary series is numbered, briefly described by English and Japanese title, and dated. Pagination is also given together with the number of the microfilm reel concerned. Telegrams are entered simply by year, pages, and reel numbers. Part II consists of a very useful analytical index for the materials covered. Appendices set forth a table of International Prosecution Section documents microfilmed and a list of seven archival checklists of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs now in the Library of Congress. 76. Young, John, Checklist of microfilm reproductions of selected archives of the Japanese army, navy, and other government agencies, 1868-1945 (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1959), ix + 144pp., mimeo. A selective checklist to the microfilm reproductions of some 400,000 pages of historical materials from the archives of the Japanese Army and Navy Ministries, plus a few items from the Home Ministry and other official governmental agencies. All are in Japanese and, for the most part, treat of events in Japan and Eastern Asia from 1900 to 1945. Documents are identified by number, issuing agency, date, and English and Japanese title. They are classified and sub-classified by ministry or agency concerned. A subject index is appended. Those interested in a more general account of the archives from which these materials were selected are referred to: James Morley, "Checklist of seized Japanese records in the National Archives, " Far Eastern Quarterly, v. IX, no. 3, May, 1950, pp. 306-333. See also Entries: 162. e. Guides to Periodical Literature It is only in postwar times that Japan has acquired a general and fairly reliable guide to periodical literature comparable to our own International Index to Periodicals or The Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature. For articles published since September 1948, however, the National Diet Library's Zasshi kiji sakuin (Entry 85) is a quite satisfactory source. It prints at the end of each monthly issue a list of the periodicals analyzed. It is customary in Japanese bibliographic practice to distinguish among several varieties of periodical guides and indexes. For present purposes, it will be sufficient to note the existence of: 1) guides to magazines and newspapers as such, 2) guides to articles appearing in magazines, and 3) guides to articles appearing in newspapers. The first category is quite helpful, especially if annotated, in orienting the student among the numerous professional and popular journals, research bulletins, memoirs of learned societies, etc., and their several fields of specialization or primary emphasis. Japanese periodicals are myriad in number and apt to be extremely evanescent,
Page 16 16 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE particularly in postwar Japan. The literature of this field is relatively satisfactory. In respect to magazines the writers can recommend a series of lengthy, but unfortunately unannotated, articles in the Bulletin de la Maison Franco-Japonaise from 1931 to 1941 variously titled "Bibliographie des principales publications editdes dans rlempire japonais" and "Bibliographie des principales publications periodiques de loempire japonais." A rather rare item published in German at Kyoto in 1942, Bibliographischer Katalog ausgewghlter Japanischer Zeitschriften, promises to be of even greater utility since it is extensively annotated. An excellent treatment, which is however limited to magazines and newspapers published during the Meiji era (1868 -1912), is Seki Hirohisa's T6kyo Teikoku Daigaku Hogakubu Meiji shimbun zasshi bunko shozo mokuroku (Catalogue of Meiji newspapers and magazines in the library of the law department of Tokyo Imperial University). Within its range, this offers a very detailed account of these materials, many of which are now extremely rare and of great research value. An article by Andrew Kuroda entitled "Periodicals in occupied Japan" performs a similar service for postwar magazines, though on a far smaller scale. In the more specialized field of similar guides to Japanese newspapers, the authoritative prewar source was the Shimbun soran (General survey of newspapers), published by the Nihon Dempo Tsushinsha. Its annual editions classified all Japanese newspapers by their localities of publication and gave a brief history and all pertinent managerial, circulation, and bibliographical data on each. Another good source is the Nihon shimbun nenkan (Japan newspaper yearbook) which provides comparable coverage in postwar times. It is in the second of the above-mentioned categories-guides to articles appearing in magazines-that the relative shortcomings of Japanese bibliographical literature become most apparent and serious. With the exception of the Zasshi kiji sakuin mentioned above no good regularly published guide of general scope is available to keep the student abreast of current or recent periodical literature. Those available are in large part both retrospective and specialized. Given these limitaation, is not as bleak as the above remarks might seem to indicate. The distinguished bibliographer, Amano Keitaro, has compiled an excellent specialized index entitled H6sei keizai shakai rombun soran (Guide to articles on law, politics, economics, and sociology). This covers all articles on these subjects published in a selection of 114 of Japan's outstanding professional or serious journals from their first numbers to the end of 1927. It is the basic source for any student seeking information on such subjects within these time time limits. The titles of those periodicals covered by this guide which are of particular interest to political scientists are appended to the proper entry below. A complete list may be found in the prefaces of the volumes themselves. It is to be regretted among the journals so indexed. For articles published since 1927 the student is referred to a publication of the Otsuka Shigakkai entitled Sogo kokushi rombun y6moku (Catalogue of selected articles on Japanese history). This is classified and includes a wide variety of entries of value to the political scientist. It lists a large selection of articles appearing in 169 professional or scholarly journals from 1868 to April 1938. Entry 26, the Kobe Koto Shogyogakko Shogyo Kenkyujo's Keizai horitsu bunken mokuroku, also includes so large a number of periodical references as to merit special mention at this point. The Toky6 Shisei Chosakai's publication, Hobun zasshi kiji sakuin (Index to articles appearing in Japanese magazines), is also recommended for specialists in municipal administration. It covs only a vers only a very brief period, January 1925-June 1927, but possesses the special merit of a classification scheme which includes heads for artion for articles on specific cities as well as for more general categories. For articles published since 1945 the H6ritsu kankei zasshi kiji sakuin compiled annually by the Library of the Ministry of Justice is of outstanding value. The first issue of 1952 was retrospective and covered articles appearing from 1945 to 1951. It is common practice among Japanese periodical publishers to print from time to time a general index (sosakuin) of all past numbers of their magazine. Such cumulative indexes in some measure compensate for the selectiveness and specialization of the above-mentioned guides to periodical literature, but only with respect to the file of a single magazine. Since it occasionally becomes necessary to check such a file thoroughly, it is helpful to know of the existence of such general indexes. Some are listed in Chapter III. A few of the above-mentioned sources also include references to articles appearing in newspapers, but the only regular subject index of a prewar Japanese newspaper was that prefaced to the bound monthly reduced-size editions of the Tokyo Asahi, i.e., Tokyo Asahi shimbun shukusatsuban. This is well classified and is quite satisfactory for general research purposes. Since the war several other major newspapers have inaugurated editions of this sort, all of which are indexed (See Chapter III, Section 1 for further information). 77. Amano Keitaro < f L < Wp, Hosei keizai shakai rombun soran -> _ -; L - t(A guide to articles on law, politics, economics, and sociology), Tokyo, Toko Shoin, 1927 and 1928, 2v. A very useful index of all articles on law, politics, economics, and sociology published in 114 professional or serious journals from their first numbers to the end of 1927. Articles are entered by title and elaborately classified and cross-referenced by subject. The supplement contains an author index for both volumes and a separate index of occidental personal names occuring in the titles of articles cited. Volume I covers the relevant articles in 96 journals from their first numbers to June 1926. Included among these and of particular interest to the political scientist are the following: D6shisha ronso Hogaku ronso Horitsu oyobi seiji Gaiko jiho6 Hogaku shimpo Horitsu shimbun Hogaku kenkyu Hogaku shirin Horitsu shimpo HOgaku Kyokai zasshi Horitsu hyoron Hosokai zasshi
Page 17 BIB LIOGRAPHIES 17 Keizaigaku kenkyu Kokusai remmei Tokeigaku zasshi Keizaigaku ronshfi Kokusaih6 zasshi Tokei jiho Keizai kenkyu Ky6to Hogakkai zasshi Toshi mondai Kokka gakkai zasshi Marukusu shugi Warera Kokka oyobi kokkagaku Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyuijo zasshi Waseda Hogaku Kokusai chishiki Seijigaku keizaigaku ronshu Waseda seiji keizaigaku zasshi Kokusaih6 gaik6 zasshi The second volume or supplement covers articles appearing in the above-mentioned 96 journals from June 1926 to December 1927; adds complete coverage to this date of relevant articles appearing in 18 journals not heretofore listed; and concludes with an analysis of the contents of 17 anniversary collections (Kinen rombunsha) and 3 collections of lectures (Koza). Of particular interest among the added 18 journals are: Kaizo, Shigaku, Shigaku zasshi, Shiso, Shirin, Horitsugaku kenkyu, Rekishi chiri and Rekishi to chiri. 78. "Bibliographie des principales publications editees dans lempire japonais, " Bulletin de la Maison FrancoJaponaise, serie francaise, v. 3, nos. 3-4, 1931, pp. 1-239; supplement 1 to v. 3, 1932, pp. 1-19; supplement 2 to v. 3, 1933, pp. 1-42; and supplement 3 to v. 3 which is v. 6, no. 4, 1934, pp. 1-203. The basic bibliography of 1931 covers only professional and specialized periodical publications of interest to scholars, important collections, i.e., sosho and zenshu, official periodical publications and the memoirs, reports and bulletins of the major research institutes, universities and learned societies. With few exceptions, it mentions only periodicals current in Japan as of June 1, 1931. Supplements 1, 2 and 3 extend the coverage to June 1932, early 1933, and January 1, 1935 respectively. To each has been added a separate classified section covering books of scholarly interest. Entries in both the periodical and book sections of this series are classified according to the following major categories: anthropology and archaeology; fine arts; banking, law, political economy, economics, politics, generalia, social sciences and statistics; folklore; geography and history; language, literature, No drama and the theatre; ethics, philosophy and psychology; publications of learned societies; religions; bibliographies and publishers' indexes; and the pure and applied sciences. Entries are not annotated, but complete bibliographical data are given in both French and Japanese. 79. "Bibliographie des principales publications periodiques de l'empire japonais, Bulletin de la Maison FrancoJaponaise, serie francaise, v. 12, nos. 2-4, 1941, pp. 1-373. A partial supplement to the earlier bibliographical studies of this famous society covering only periodicals being published in Japan as of January 1, 1941. Entries are classified according to substantially the same major categories noted in the preceding entry, each section being compiled by a noted Japanese authority in that field. Complete bibliographical data are given in both French and Japanese. The contents of the great sosho and zenshui are analyzed. No annotations. 80. Bibliographischer Iatalog ausgewahlter Japanischer Zeitschriften, Kyoto, Deutsches Forschungsinstitut, 1942, 408pp. Part 1 lists 1500 selected Japanese periodicals classified in 14 categories. Titles are given in both characters and r6maji. Part 2 includes an alphabetical subject index of periodicals, with special attention being paid those publishing extracts in foreign languages. Full details of periodicals listed and an evaluation of their principal contributors and contents are given. 81. H6ritsu kankei zasshi kiji sakuin -;t Aj O \ a ~ - i~ f. | (Index to Legal Periodicals), Toky6, H6musho Toshokan, 1952-[? ]. Compiled by the Library of the Ministry of Justice, the first edition covers periodicals published from 1945 to 1951, and consists of separate subject, author, and periodical indexes. 82. H6ritsu keizai rondai ch6ran;->S q~ '. -'j. (Compilation of articles on law and economics), T6ky6, Ganshodo, 1908; and Zoku..., (Supplementary compilation of articles on law and economics), T6kyo, Gansh6d6, 1910. The former is a classified list of articles on law and economics appearing in 48 professional journals. The latter covers similar articles in 64 professional journals. 83. "Horitsu zasshi ichiran -A; t j - - j (Survey of legal journals)," H6ritsugaku kenkyu, v. 26, no. 1, 1929+. 84. Janaru Kenkyusha -j' -,,'V k, Zenshimbun zasshi mokuji bunrui gekkan ~ - r- ~ ~ 0 7' /f f. ~ ~U (Monthly classified survey of the contents of all newspapers and magazines), TokyO, Janaru Kenkyusha, 1931-[? ]. Monthly. A monthly classified list of the titles of important articles appearing in the magazines and newspapers of the preceding month, and giving also the author's name, and the title and date of the periodical concerned. It has been unavailable for examination, but is held by one competent critic to be distinctly mediocre. 85. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan Ukeire Seiribu Ig / 1 1 ] i[ L- L X p (National Diet Library, Acquisition and Cataloging Department), Zasshi kiji sakuin 1 it ge~ {. 1 (Japanese periodicals index), T6kyo,
Page 18 18 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan Kanribu, Feb. 1949+. Monthly. A monthly classified list of Japanese language articles published since September 1948, appearing in periodicals held by the National Diet Library. Until January 1950, this covered only articles in humanistic fields. Since then the list has appeared in two sections: the Humanities and social science section (Jimbun kagaku hen), and the Natural science section (Shizen kagaku hen). The list gives author, title, pagination, and place and date of publication. Entries are classified by subject. It is the most satisfactory single guide to Japanese periodical literature. 86. Kuroda, Andrew Y. "Periodicals in Occupied Japan," Pacific affairs, v. 22, no. 1, March 1949, pp. 43-52. An excellent, though unfortunately brief, survey of Japanese postwar periodical literature by a well qualified member of the staff of the Library of Congress. Mr. Kuroda identifies and describes the major periodicals in the fields of bibliography, history, government, social welfare, foreign relations, economics, finance, labor and general affairs. The political scientist will find the sections on national and local government, police administration, labor and the official and semi-official organs of the several political parties of particular interest. 87. Maeda Chikara A\ ~ z. ~, Saikin zenkoku shimbunshi zasshi s6mokuroku ~ at 4 l et t] i i } -. ] 1, (General catalogue of recent Japanese newspapers and magazines), Tokyo, Keiseisha, 1907. 88. "Meiji Taish6 Sh6wa shimbun zasshi sokangoten somokuroku s X; t A f t tl ~ t ~'J } ~ - r 8 ' (General catalogue of an exhibition of first editions of newspapers and magazines published during the Meji, Taisho and Showa Eras),," TokyodO geppo, v. 17, no. 2, 1930, pp. 8-13. 89. Mitsubishi G6shi Kaisha Shiry6ka a ~ /i A t f t $ (Mitsubishi Ltd., Research Section), Zasshi juyO kiji mokuroku i -J * ~ - b ~ (List of important magazine articles), T6kyo, Mitsubishi, 1922-25, 9v. Devoted in large part to scientific and technical articles, but volumes 1 (economics in general), 8 (social problems), and 9 (finance, politics, foreign relations, military affairs and miscellaneous subjects) are useful to the political scientist. 90. Miyatake Gaikotsu " A F, "Meiji shimbun nempyo O;N $ t -~; (Chronology of Meiji newspapers)," in Yoshino Sakuz6o ~ J t j, Meiji bunka zenshau o,: d /; ~ (Collection of Meiji culture), v. 17, pp. 605-25. A chronologically arranged list of newspapers published in Japan during the first half of the Meiji era. 91. Miyatake Gaikotsu 9 Ad F A, "Meiji zasshi nempyo (Chronology of Meiji magazines)," in Yoshino Sakuz5o A - j?, Meiji bunka zenshiu O H <_ A /~ ~ (Collection of Meiji culture), v. 18, pp. 575 -606. A chronologically arranged list of magazines published in Japan during the first half of the Meiji era. 92. Naimush6 Chihokyoku V q - ' t 4 57 (Ministry of the Interior, Local Government Office), D6fuken zasshi ichiran i *r ft. - f J (Survey of magazines in the several prefectures), Toky6, Naimusho, 1930. Covers only magazines current at the time of publication. 93. Nakanishi Suezo + w t L, "Nenkan no mokuroku t~ o ~ ~ (Catalogue of yearbooks)," Tosho shfiho, No. 94, 1932, p. 384. 94. Nihon DempO Tsflshinsha V0; - e 4~ - (Japan Telegraphic News Agency), Shimbun soran X,.A {- (General Survey of newspapers), Toky6, Nihon Dempo Tsushinsha, 1907 -[? ]. Annual. Regarded as the authoritative survey within the trade. Separate sections set forth a general report on recent conditions and developments in the newspaper field; a survey of all Japanese newspapers, arranged by the locality in which they are published, and giving a brief history of every paper, as well as a statement of its ownership, management, circulation, plant and current organization; a report on professional associations in the trade and their activities; and a resume of advertising and other newspaper statistics. A brief section on magazines is also included. A useful bibliographical guide to local newspapers, although not to their contents. 95. Nihon shimbun nenkan / ~; f-] f X (Japan newspaper yearbook), Tokyo, Shimbun Kenkyujo, 1922 -[? ]; Nihon Shimbun Kyokai, 1947 +. Annual. The 1947 edition affords an excellent survey of newspapers, publishing conditions and events of significance to the trade during and since the second World War. It includes a chronology of events since 1931; a general report on newspaper conditions in Japan since 1931, with emphasis on postwar developments and the democratization program; a survey of current newspapers from the standpoints of editorial, sales, advertising, materials and production problems; detailed coverage of the personnel, sales, policies and circumstances of all papers which are members of the Nihon Shimbun Kyokai; a further section performing the same office for non-member papers; a survey of specialized and trade papers; and a final review of laws and ordinances,
Page 19 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 19 including SCAP controls, which affect newspapers. A useful bibliographical guide to local and specialized newspapers, although not to their contents. 96. Odanaka Masao ]- w K t?, "Puroretaria shimbun zasshi ichiran 7~ t V ~ '/ T r Ail Z' - Tj (Survey of proletarian newspapers and magazines)," Tosho shaho, nos. 24 and 26, 1930. 97. Otsu Junichir6o K it ' - p, Dai Nihon kenseishi K 0 i~ ' _ L (Constitutional history of Japan), T6ky6, Hobunkan, 1927-28, 10v. Volume 10, chapters 1-3 of this great work are a mine of information on the publication history of newspapers and magazines appearing in Japan from about 1860 to 1926. No pretense to complete coverage is made, but most of the major periodical sources are noted. On pages 191-223 one may find a list of the then-current Japanese newspapers giving title, publisher, address and year of initial publication. Titles are arranged regionally by locales of publication, and, in addition to Japan proper, cover Japanese newspapers published in Formosa, Korea, Manchuria and numerous places abroad, e.g. in Hawaii and the United States. Pages 223-239 catalogue all magazines then published in Tokyo with the relevant bibliographical data, while a final section (pp. 239-41) analyzes by subject the number of books published in Japan from 1922 to 1928. 98. Otsuka Shigakkai K6shibukai ). i _ Pt ' 7 4 v, (Otsuka Historical Society, Higher Normal School Section), Sogo kokushi rombun y6moku.. t- j (Catalogue of selected articles on Japanese history), T6kyo, T6k6 Shoin, 1939, 627pp. A classified but unannotated list of articles on numerous aspects of Japanese history appearing in 169 professional or scholarly journals or collections from 1868 to April 1938. Categories include politics (with sub-categories on post-Restoration politics and political thought), the imperial court, law, military affairs, foreign relations, social problems, biography, and economics. Entries are by author. An excellent though highly selective list of outstanding articles. Journals covered include: Shigaku zasshi, Hogaku shimpo, Kokugakuin zasshi, Gaiko jiho, Shigakkai, Rekishi chiri, Kokusaiho Gaiko zasshi, Kokumin keizai zasshi, Kyoto H6gakkai zasshi, Shirin, H6gaku ronsO, Rekishi to chiri, Keizaigaku rons6, Shigaku, Waseda seijikeizaigaku zasshi, Shigaku kenkyu, Kokka Gakkai zasshi, and H6gaku shirin. 99. Seki Hirohisa -, -* 7, ed., T6ky6 Teikoku Daigaku Hogakubu Meiji shimbun zasshi bunko shoz6 mokuroku ft t - - e 6 ~I At i {'-!J # i_ )4 pj- L* il * (Catalogue of Meiji newspapers and magazines in the library of the Law Department of T6ky6 Imperial University), T6ky6, by the editor, 1930-35, 2v. Probably the best of the periodical catalogues for this period. A lavish and detailed account with many excellent photographs of the front or title pages of items described. Volume 1 covers newspapers and magazines first published from 1867 to 1889. Separate sections cover the following points: 1) a title list with complete bibliographic data and publication history of all newspapers and magazines first published during these years; 2) a list of newspapers carrying colored prints; 3) a very useful list of all special numbers of newspapers and magazines during this period; 4) a bibliography of printed works relating to newspapers and magazines of this period; 5) a list of manuscripts of similar reference, with a brief description of their contents; 6) a highly selective bibliography of general works, histories, novels, etc. published during the Meiji era; and 7) a chronology listing the newspapers and magazines of this period by their years of first publication. Volume 2 gives essentially the same coverage for the years 1890-1912. It lacks sections 2 and 7 noted above, but adds two further useful parts: 1) a list of newspaper and magazine catalogues, and 2) a list of Japanese newspapers and magazines classified by their subjects of principal reference. 100. Shimotomae Shigematsu - -' l c '^, Zasshi sakuin - i- ~ i (Periodical index), T6ky6, by the compiler, 1922-[? ]. Irregular. A highly selective classified list of post-Restoration magazine articles and a few books. No annotations. Arranged by subjects according to the order of the kana syllabary, but no list of subjects covered is included. The compiler's choice of subjects is arbitrary and quite unpredictable. It does include, however, a number of categories of political interest, with quite extensive coverage of articles on the "national polity" (kokutai), for example. The work was issued irregularly in sections of about 20 pages. Volume 1, no. 1 dates from 1922. Volume 2 consists of 24 installments totaling 480 pages and was issued from October 25, 1928 to June 22, 1932. A revised and enlarged edition of volume 2 was undertaken in July 1932 and was at least partially completed. Some German, English, and French articles, as well as Japanese, are included. 101. Shuppan taimususha h z -7 4 i, A (Times Publishing Co.) "Zasshi ichiranhy6o L - A _ (Tabular survey of magazines)," in Shuppan Taimususha, Nihon shuppan taikan (Survey of Japanese publishing), Tokyo, Shuppan Taimususha, 1930, pp. 178-99. A survey of Japanese magazines as of August 25, 1929. 102. Toky6 Asahi Shimbunsha Ch6sabu t. 8[ 0 *r l — ~I l. X (T6kyo Asahi Newspaper Co., Research Section), "Zasshi kiji sakuin t _- e 4 ~. -~l (Index of magazine articles)," Yomikakihy6, nos. 1-44, 1926 -30.
Page 20 20 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 103. Tokyo Asahi Shimbun shukusatsuban A l, { 0 ], l 0I i - (Reduced-size edition of the Tokyo Asahi Newspaper), T6ky6, Toky6 Asahi Shimbunsha, 1919 +. Monthly. The bound monthly reduced-size editions of the Tokyo Asahi provide the only regular subject index of prewar newspaper articles in Japan. Listings include only items appearing in the Tokyo Asahi, but its coverage was generally excellent. The opening pages of each bound monthly edition are given over to a quite satisfactory subject index of that volume's contents. These monthly indexes do not appear to have been cumulated annually. 104. Toky6 Shisei Ch6sakai ~ j k t -; A (T6ky6 Municipal Research Institute), H6bun zasshi kiji sakuin f 4p PI I2. 'Lt _f -. I (An index to articles appearing in Japanese magazines), Tokyo Shisei Ch6sakai, 1927, 327pp. Articles are listed under a classified index of significant articles on all phases of municipal administration appearing in Japanese magazines from January 1925 to June 1927. The classification scheme includes heads for articles on specific cities, a very valuable feature. Entries are listed by title. A very useful source for this limited problem and period. 105. Zasshi nenkan # U~ AL (Magazine yearbook), T6kyo, Nihon Yomikaki Shimbunsha, 1939-[?]. Includes a classified bibliography of periodicals published during the preceding year. 106. Zasshi ni okeru tsuitog6 shomoku i! -, ~t i ' jL, { W (Bibliography of memorial numbers of magazines), Osaka, Kazuo Shoten, 1929, 40pp. 107. "Zasshi rombun ichiran t h - L _ (Survey of magazine articles)," H6gaku ky6kai zasshi, v. 34, no. 3 - v. 41, no. 9, 1916-23. See also Entries: 17, 321, 327. 3. Specialized Bibliographies In general Japanese specialized bibliographies of political science subjects are neither so plentiful nor so helpful as the above-listed general bibliographies. Even with respect to the literature of their particular field, they tend to be limited in point of both time and coverage. Undue dependence on this type of work should, therefore, be avoided and care be taken to supplement the information obtained therein from other bibliographic sources and particularly from those general sources already recommended. a. The Imperial House and the National Polity Specialized bibliographies on this subject are few. The writers know of none for the postwar period, and can only refer interested students to the postwar monographs in this field described in Chapter XII for specific bibliographic leads. 108. Inoue Tetsujir6o 4 t ~ t t f, "Waga kokutai oyobi kokumin dotoku kenkyu shomoku ' " |(<&" av' J j j|-A it u t 1 (Bibliography of research on the national polity and morality)," in Inoue Tetsujir6, Waga kokutai to kokumin dotoku ~,, X 5 t ~ ~j _ ~ (Japan's national polity and morality), Toky6, 1925, pp. 486-97. 109. Kagoshima Kenritsu Toshokan L v J) t X (Kagoshima Prefectural Library), K6shitsu kokutai kokumin seishin ni kansuru tosho mokuroku A ~ / t ~ G # t {- t 4t * fJ: / A (Catalogue of books on the imperial house, the national polity and the national spirit), Kagoshima, Kagoshima Kenritsu Toshokan, 1928, 43pp. 110. Wada Hidematsu {c U -F, K6shitsu gyosen no kenkyiu. t[ {7 f - a ]j (Study of writings by members of the imperial family), T6kyo, Meiji Shoin, 1933, 2v. An annotated bibliography of writings by members of the imperial family. The second volume consists of about 100 plates showing facsimiles of such writings. 111. Waga kokutai ni kansuru tosho mokuroku X "' k s '-,;]l 8 i X t W A. (Catalogue of books on the national polity), Osaka, Osaka Shiritsu Toshokan, 1928, 36pp. b. The Constitution, National Diet, and Elections Students interested in the impact of Western political thought on Japanese thinking and constitutional development during the early years of Meiji will find the bibliographical essay (Entry 115) entitled "Kensei bunken nempy6 (Chronology of literature on constitutional government)" of considerable value. This lists by years of publication Japanese works and Japanese translations of occidental works on constitutional government, thus providing some indication of the time at which certain occidental political theories gained general currency in Japan. Two similarly valuable bibliographical studies on the origins and development of the present Japanese constitution
Page 21 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 21 are listed as Entries 117 and 121 below. Of great use also is the National Diet Library bibliography of works on the various Japanese electoral systems from 1868 to 1956 listed as Entry 118. 112. Aoyama Tokutaro 1-A s -\ 1, "Kokkai o hy6dai seru cho Ai r, s t -t i' (Works concerning parliaments)," Aisho shumi, v. 2, 1927, pp. 21-22. 113. Hayashi Shigeru $ k, "Nihon kenseishi bunken kaisetsu L } cL t __ it - (An annotated bibliography of the history of constitutional government in Japan)," Rekishi, v. 5, 1937. 114. "Kakkoku no senkyo h6shiki narabi ni senkyo torishimari'kankei mokuroku r; F1 S&J - A s,-, it- J j.j 4l A- ' (Catalogue of works relating to election systems and election controls in all countries),' Naigai ch6sa shiry6, no. 8, 1929, pp. 206-16 115. "Kensei bunken nempy6o t L 4 _ - } (A chronology of literature on constitutional government)," in Yoshino Sakuz6 J ~ A A, ed., Meiji bunka zenshiu oU A,u a t (Compilation of Meiji culture), Toky6, Nippon Hy6ronsha, 1928-30, v. 4, 1928, pp. 614-20. A bare title and author list of Japanese works and Japanese translations of occidental works on constitutional government, arranged chronologically in order of publication. Covers the period 1868-1890. Particularly useful in tracing the advent of certain Western books and political ideas in Japan. 116. "Kizokuin mondai kankei mokuroku ro T P t VI #_ 3 IK, V at, (Bibliography of the problem of the House of Peers), Naigai ch6sa shiry6, Collection 1, 1929, pp. 17-19. 117. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan Ch6sa Ripp6 K6sakyoku 1 t |~ ~ (IC } 4 4 ~ - i * (National Diet Library, Research and Legislative Reference Bureau), Nihonkoku kemp6 seitei keika nichiroku: miteik6 no san Y t - $*j 1, X- * -:. t - a (Diary of the enactment of the Japanese constitution3rd unfinished draft), Tokyo, Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan, Aug. 1956, 245pp., typescript. An invaluable specialized chronology and bibliography of the foreign and domestic origins of the present Japanese constitution. It covers the period between Japan's acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation in August, 1945, and the promulgation of the present constitution in November, 1946. The text proper consists of detailed chronology of developments affecting the constitution during this period. Extensive supplements cover: I, a list of books, records, microfilms, etc., concerning the present constitution; II, a list of books and the publications of political parties and private research groups concerning the enactment of the constitution; III, a catalogue of periodical materials on the same subject; IV, a list of relevant contemporary newspaper articles. The lists include numerous unpublished materials. It is anticipated that the present typewritten version will be issued in printed form. The provisional title is Nihonkoku kemp6 seitei keika nichiroku oyobi shiryoshu (Chronology and collection of materials on the enactment of the Japanese constitution). 118. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan Ch6sa Ripp6 K6sakyoku ii 4 f t f i- t - - i J (National Diet Library, Research and Legislative Reference Bureau), Senkyo seido kankei bunken mokuroku A j jt i St. j_ Ad K, (Catalogue of works on the electoral system), T6kyo, Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan, 1956, 11pp. A typewritten list of books and essays on Japanese election laws and procedures published in Japan from 1868 to May 1956. It does not include commentaries on judicial decisions. 119. Miura Tosaku f -, "Kemp6 kenkyu sank6sho ichiran, shuy6 sank6sho kaidai $ - f j ~ e - 1, t Jf (Survey of reference works for research in constitutional government, and an annotated bibliography of important reference works), in Teikoku kempo shusan ~ ~ |; ~ s (Compilation of materials on the imperial constitution), Tokyo, 1921, pp. 851-70. Recommended for its legal bibliography. 120. Moriguchi Shigeji k a;;, "Hirei senkyo ni kansuru sankosho i \ - -4 iJ 1 3 ' t $ (Reference works on proportional representation)," in the author's Hirei daihyoho no kenkyu A,1,+ { j fi tf_ (Study of proportional representation laws), Tokyo, YUhikaku, 1925, pp. 617-22. 121. "Nihonkoku kemp6 seitei kankei bunken mokuroku A L -i ~ X' ~ t O ' RI L (Catalogue of works on the origins of the Japanese constitution)," Gaisei A Ad (Foreign Affairs Quarterly), no. 6 (Summer 1957), pp. 1-24 of the appendix. A very useful list of English-language and Japanese books, articles and documentary materials on the origin of the present constitution. Separate sections are devoted to books and articles in English, books in Japanese, relevant materials issued by several political parties and private research groups, and magazine articles in Japanese. 122. Takeuchi Zensaku 4r {. 4X, "Kensei ni kansuru tosho mokuroku %. _ '- (1 ' 3 X t (Catalogue of books on constitutional government), 1 T6ky6 shiritsu toshokan to sono jigyo, no. 37, 1926, pp.5 -23.
Page 22 22 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE c. Local Government and Administration Several very active societies interested in local government and its problems are responsible for the existence of a relatively large number of specialized bibliographies of the literature in this field. Most important among such groups is the Tokyo Shisei Chosakai (Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research), which, despite its name, is concerned with local administration in general. Several of its publications merit special notice. H6bun tosho mokuroku (Catalogue of Japanese books), affords excellent coverage of materials on municipal and public administration published prior to 1927. For more recent publications Entry 126, the Nihon toshi nenkan (Municipal yearbook of Japan), published annually since 1931, is recommended. An appendix to each prewar edition sets forth a useful classified list of relevant materials. The Chih6 shishi (Entry 129) affords an excellent list of works on local history published since the Meiji era, while the catalogue of the Tokyo Shisei Ch6sakai's library holdings in the field of local governments compiled by the Tokyo Daigaku Shakai Kagaku Kenkyusho (Entry 128) is perhaps the outstanding bibliographical source in this field. Bibliographies of documents, records, or histories pertaining specifically to a certain prefecture, region, or kuni are considerably more difficult to find, especially in this country. The majority of the prefectural libraries appear, however, to have issued catalogues of local records, documents, and histories. Many of these are of great value to the political scientist or historian interested in local political and administrative developments. 123. Jimbun Chiri Gakkai t -L_ 4 ~ ~ (Society for the Study of Human Geography), "Toshi kenkyu shiry6o u T ' _ i 5- (Municipal research materials)," in Toshi chiri kenkyiu d p t f t (Studies of urban geography), T6kyo, 1929, pp. 253-55. 124. Mut6 Chozo A. -f +, "Shishi oyobi sono sankosho ni tsuite f r_ i i ~ t-( k j (Concerning reference works on municipal history)," Shoshi,v. 3, no. 4, 1926. 125. Muto Chozo. 4 ~ g, "Toshi kenkyu sank6 shiry6o %V * f jt -, f (Reference materials for municipal research work)," Sh6gy6 to keizai, v. 6, no. 2, 1926, pp. 188-202. 126. Nihon toshi nenkan a $ t; o i #e (Municipal yearbook of Japan), T6ky6, T6ky6 Shisei Ch6sakai, 1931 +. An appendix to each prewar issue contains a handy classified list of important reference works on numerous aspects of municipal administration. 127. Sako Keizo A- $ It, Shisei kankei shiryo kaidai ~ L_; 4. l - ~ e _ (Annotated bibliography of materials on municipal administration), Osaka, Rosoku Sosho Kank6kai, 1926, 6pp. 128. T6ky6 Daigaku Shakai Kagaku Kenkyusho, Seiji Jittai Kenkyukai f A t t,t;, t 9- L_ '~. 1. ~ Atj & (Tokyo University Social Science Research Institute, Practical Politics Study Group), Chiho jichi bunken mokuroku t- )Z ~ & - 4/ # Bibliography of local self-government), T5ky6, T6kyo Daigaku Shakai Kagaku Kenkyusho, 1955, 94pp. mimeo. A catalogue of the library holdings of the Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research in the field of local government, broadly interpreted. It covers works acquired from 1945 through March 1955. Since this is probably Japan's outstanding research collection in the local government field, the present work is most useful. See also Entries 129-134. 129. Tokyo Shisei Ch6sakai ~, t k ~ ~ / (Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research), Chiho shishi X { -t5 (Bibliography of local history), T6ky6, T6ky6 Shisei Chosakai, Feb. 1957, 54pp. An unannotated catalogue of works on local history published since the Meiji era. In the case of works published since 1938, coverage is limited to those held by the Library of the Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research, which has a special interest in this field. Arrangement is geographical within Japan, and includes additional sections on Okinawa, Taiwan, Korea, and Manchuria. 130. Toky6 Shisei Ch6sakai 1 I. k it t. 4 (Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research), "Ch6son gappei kankei bunken mokuroku lf t A,t ~ <4 _ ' J 4 (Catalogue of works concerning the amalgamation of towns and villages)," in Toshi Mondai (Municipal Problems), XLVII, No. 5, May 1956, 38pp. An unannotated bibliography of pre and postwar periodical literature, books, and national and local government publications concerning problems of community amalgamation. 131. T6kyo Shisei Ch6sakai t t. * - A X & (Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research), Hobun tosho mokuroku l _ L L Iq (A catalogue of Japanese books), Toky6, T6ky6 Shisei Ch6sakai, 1927, 381pp. The coverage of the literature on municipal administration and public administration in general is particularly good. 132. Tokyo Shisei Chosakai f K 'I (Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research), "Hompo toshi keikaku shuyo sankosho J uj f4 [ 4 a t (Important reference works on municipal planning in Japan)," in Hompo toshi keikaku jigyo to sono zaisei If jt tX _ et >_L (Municipal planning in Japan and its financing), Tokyo, Tokyo Shisei Chosakai, 1929, pp. 495-501.
Page 23 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 23 133. T6ky6 Shisei Ch6sakai \ K. ' K t { _ (Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research), "Tosei mondai ni kansuru sanko bunken *3 $t &t] A 3 ~3 I _ ft' (Reference works on the metropolitan system)," Toshi mondai, v. 15, no. 5, 1932, pp. 1082, 1092, and 1118. 134. Tokyo Shisei Ch6sakai ~ ~ it 4; /a (Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research), "Toshi k6gaichi mondai sank6 bunken 4~ 2 I\ H *t - L k' (Reference works on suburban problems)," Toshi mondai v. 11, no. 2, 1930, pp. 247-56. d. Political History and Political Thought 135. Got6 Toranosuke A_ i t - g o, "Fuashizumu sank6 bunken 1r - zX" L < _ K (Reference works on Fascism)," appended to Fuashizumu to wa nani ka -7 l" it l \ (What is Fascism?), Tokyo, 1932. 136. Imanaka Tsugimaro I ' 'k ~, "Seiji shis6shi sank6 shomoku - A n - t (Bibliography of reference works on the history of political thought)," in Imanaka Tsugimaro, Seiji shis6shi (History of political thought), Toky6, Iwanami Shoten, 1927, v. 1, pp. 871-80. 137. Kawai Eijiro: 0 t 7., "Jiyu shugi ni kansuru bunken ] i } 1 -, 3 <_ a (Bibliography concerning liberalism)," in Kawai Eijiro, Jiyu shugi k ~ ~ j (Liberalism), T6kyo, 1928, pp. 14-18. 138. Royama Masamichi ~ ' ( A, ed., Seiji oyobi seijishi kenkyu;_ & _ K - ~ _ " ~ (Studies of politics and political history), Tokyo, 1935, 575pp. A collection of essays in commemoration of the late Professor Yoshino Sakuz6 by his friends and former students. Essays are on non-Japanese subjects, but an appendix includes a complete bibliography of Professor Yoshino's numerous and valuable contributions to Japanese political literature. 139. Shimoide Junkichi If i J, "Jiyu minken bunken nempy6o 0 ~ 4 L~ k~ (Chronology of literature on popular rights)," in Yoshino Sakuz6 O {$ '_, ed., Meiji bunka zenshiu A a A_ A. / 5 (Collection of Meiji culture), Toky6, Nippon Hy6ronsha, 1928-30, v. 5, pp. 511-17. Also appended to Shimoide Junkichi, Meiji shakai shis6 kenky5u a 6 h 4 - - t t (Study of Meiji social and intellectual history), T6kyo, Asano Shoten, 1932. A useful chronological list of writings on civil rights including translations into Japanese, published from 1870 to 1891. Contains brief descriptive annotations. 140. Yoshino Sakuzo It i- A, "Minken jiyu ni kansuru bunken 3 9Z K (Literature on popular rights)," Shinkyu jidai, v. 4, 1926, pp. 125-27. e. Socialism and Labor Movements There are several excellent bibliographies of the Japanese writings on socialism and socialist movements. Usually the adjective "socialist" is so broadly defined in these works as to include communism, anarchism, and a number of marginally related peasant and labor movements. The earliest major bibliography of durable use is Nait6 Takeo's Nihon shakaishugi bunken (Entry 147), which covers both books and articles on socialism published in Japan from 1882 to 1914. Another convenient prewar source is the Rodo nenkan published by the Kyochokai (Entry 149). Appendices to each annual issue contain lengthy classified lists of books and articles on socialism and labor problems appearing during the year under consideration. Perhaps most useful of all for the nonJapanese student, however, is a recent annotated bibliography of Leftwing social movements in Japan (Entry 152) by Cecil Uyehara which covers the writings that appeared from World War I to 1956-57. Beyond this, attention is also called to Entries 144, 146, and 148, all of which provide broad and valuable coverage. 141. Fujii Tei 1 ', "Kakkoku rodoto sankosho A I + f. / I - (Reference works on the labor parties of all countries)," in Fujii Tei, Kakkoku rdoto 6 - g f. (Labor parties of all countries), Tokyo, 1927, pp. 111-115. [ v. of the Shakai keizai taikei B K i -by ( A (Outline of sociology and economics) ]. 142. Fukuda Tokuzo g, "Shakaishugi kenkyui no shiori S k j - e t o (Guide to the study of socialism)," in Shakai seisaku kenkyu t 4 t, r U (Study of social policies), Tokyo, 1926, pp. 1820-52. [ =last volume of collection 5 of the Keizaigaku zensha % 4 t (The economic compendium)]. This is a revised version of an earlier article of the same title published in nos. 111-12 (1906) of the Keio Gijuku gakuho. 143. "Hobun zasshi keisai shakai shugi bunken I <1 * 4 & - k ' (Socialist writings appearing in Japanese magazines)," Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyujo zasshi, v. 8, 1931, pp. 1-53, and v. 9, 1932, pp. 1-52. The first installment covers articles on socialism appearing during 1930; the second covers similar articles published during 1931.
Page 24 24 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 144. Hosokawa Karoku a (,I A ) Watanabe Yoshimichi '5f 4 i ' and Shiota ShObei - q I -k 't eds., Nihon shakaishugi bunken kaisetsu i $ B- 4 ~ it, ' of;i (Annotated bibliography of works on Japanese socialism), Toky6, Atsuki Shoten, 1958, 339+31pp. This is a postwar revision and expansion of a work by the same title published by Hosokawa in 1932. Some ten individuals collaborated on the present work. Items are treated chronologically within five major periods: 1868-1911, 1912-1921, 1922-1926, 1927-1931, and 1932-1945. Each section contains an introductory survey of developments during that period as well as the annotated entries. The work then constitutes an accurate, broadly useful, and sympathetic account of both socialist thought and writings in prewar Japan. Title and name indexes plus a brief chronology are appended. 145. Kimura Kiyoshi + it l l, "Rod6 kyoyaku hosei bunken f \ ']7 t i - l | e (Literature on labor agreements legislation)," Shakai seisaku jih6, no. 132, 1931. 146. Koyama Hirotake /- 1-\ F ~ _ ed., Nihon r6d6undo shakaiundo kenkyuishi El i t b A f^. U (A history of research on Japanese labor and social movements), Kyoto, Sangatsu Shobo, 1957, 296+6pp. This is a history of labor and social movements in Japan written in the form of a series of bibliographical essays. It covers only books and special studies of these movements published since the Restoration, excluding such source materials as manifestos and statements of policy by the groups concerned or works discussing their policies and issues. The latter materials are to be treated in a projected second volume tentatively entitled Nihon shakaishugi marukusushugi bunken (Abibliography of works on Japanese socialism and Marxism). An index of bibliographies is appended to the present work. 147. Nait6 Takeo ]_ A g tK, Nihon shakaishugi bunken a; f /- ~ ~ 4 _ i (Socialistic literature in Japan), T6kyo, Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyfjo, 1929, 255+9pp. Covers socialistic literature published in Japan from 1882 to 1914. Socialism is broadly defined so as to include anarchism, peasant movements and other analogous developments. Part I covers books. Works are arranged chronologically with a separate section for each year's publications, plus a brief chronological supplement occupying pages 99-108. Books are listed by author's or compiler's name with complete bibliographical data and a brief description of their contents. Entries include foreign works translated into Japanese. Part II covers periodicals of regular issue which are either socialist in policy or which have printed significant articles on socialism. This is of especial value since many of the journals treated are long out-ofprint and extremely rare. Periodicals are listed by title, and an introductory note - often of considerable length - sets forth fully their policies, personalia and publication histories; frequency of issue, publisher, names of editors, and any official or private connection which the magazine may have are also noted. In numerous cases a list of all articles on socialism appearing in a given periodical are appended to the descriptive material on that journal. 148. Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyuijo ]( I 4 / ] t - A e - (Ohara Social Problems Research Institute), Nihon shakai shugi bunken dai isshu-sekai taisen (taish6 san nen) ni itaru-. 8 s i~- & - - _ - a -- -K _ ( i_:-l-) - * 'j V (Catalogue of literature on socialism in Japan, No. 1-up to World War 1(1914)-), T6ky6, Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyujo, 1929, 4+2+13+255+9pp. An annotated and chronologically arranged bibliography of the literature on socialism published in Japan from 1882 to 1914. Socialism is defined in the broadest possible terms. Works on anarchism; agrarian problems and a variety of other tangentially related fields are included. The catalogue is divided into two sections. The first covers books, leaflets, and manifestos; the second treats periodicals. The annotations frequently treat not only the contents of the works but also relevant criticisms and reviews. Prohibitions or suspensions of publication are also noted. Similar information is included for periodicals. Where periodicals were involved in legal proceedings, court decisions are also noted. This is an invaluable source of information on socialist and related literature. 149. Rod6 nenkan Y itp J- J (Labor yearbook), T6ky6, Ky6ch6kai, [? ], Annual. The appendices to each issue include an extensive classified list of the prewar literature on social and labor problems, including both books and articles, appearing in Japan during the year under consideration. This list affords a convenient approach to the literature on Japanese labor's political activities. Note especially the section on proletarian political parties. 150. Shimoide Junkichi -f E1 *, "Shakai bunken nempyo si — A A-.' (Chronology of literature on social problems)," in Yoshino Sakuz6 ft i j_-, ed., Meiji bunka zenshu f q z_ 4 /g |t (Collection of Meiji culture), T6ky6, Nippon Hy6ronsha, 1928-30, v. 21, pp. 602-22. A chronological list of the literature on numerous social problems published in Japan from 1867 to 1912. Probably the most useful to political scientists are the works on socialism and early labor movements. 151. Swearingen, Rodger and Paul Langer, Bibliography on Japanese Communism, New York, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1950, vii+16 numbered leaves, mimeo. A brief but very useful bibliography of the major Japanese language publications on communism in Japan. It covers only books and documents. A few entries are annotated and the location of all items in American libraries is indicated.
Page 25 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 25 152. Uyehara, Cecil H., comp., Leftwing Social Movements in Japan: An Annotated Bibliography, Tokyo, Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1959. An annotated bibliography of leftwing social movements in Japan from the communists to the rightwing social democrats. The period stressed is from World War I to 1956-57. In addition to political parties, the labor movement, student, agrarian, and proletarian literary movements are also covered. The principal works on the controversy concerning the nature and development of capitalism in Japan are surveyed. The last chapter is devoted to a study of the literature relating to the internal security legislation which was used to suppress various leftwing movements in prewar Japan. The availability and location in American libraries of some 1800 items are indicated. Special stress is placed upon newly available materials derived from the files of the prewar Japanese police. 153. Watanabe Yoshimichi and Shiota Sh6be, eds., -it - fAl, ~ I 1 -t, Nihon shakaishugi bunken kaisetsu ' 0 -{ & $ t. A 1 j 'I ~ W _(Commentaries on the literature of Japanese socialism), Tokyo, Otsukishoten, 1958, 370pp. 154. Yamakawa Hitoshi is '- a, "R6do kumiai sank6 shomoku / {t,. ~ j 4 } (Reference bibliography on labor unions)," in the author's R6od kumiai (Labor Unions), T6kyo, 1929, pp. 548 -56. 155. Yamanaka Tokutar6o ~. f%, "R6d6 kumiaih6 sank6sho \7,- ',\ 1 (Reference works on labor union laws)," in the author's R6dO kumiaiho no seisei to henten j \d. il i } t' at_ $ (Development and change of labor union laws), T6ky6, 1929. See also Entries: 402, 852. f. Biographical Literature The three works listed below deserve a word of special commendation. All are excellent sources of information on Japanese biographical literature of every description, from personal letters and photographs through biographical sketches to formal biographies or autobiographies. As such they warrant the student's close attention. Japanese biographical literature contains a wealth of important political and historical information. Yet it has been almost completely neglected by occidental writers on modern Japan. The following works afford a ready guide to these practically untapped sources. For additional bibliographies in this field, the interested student is referred to pp. 18-19 of Professor Hall's bibliography of Japanese history. 156. Hatano Kenichi -; ~ ' ~ -, Denki shiryo sakuin t lie. 4 ( l (An index of biographical materials), T6ky6, Hibiya Toshokan, 1928-29, 2v. An index of biographies, biographical sketches andarticles, portraits and other materials relating to the field of Japanese biography both ancient and modern. Also includes references on a few naturalized Japanese citizens. Index of selected bibliographies is appended to v. 2. 157. Hibiya Toshokan e Wt 4 b r l (Hibiya Library), Denki shiry6 sakuin 4 itt e. 1 (Index of biographical sources), T6kyo, Hibiya Toshokan, 1928-35, irregularly published in parts. 158. Takanashi Koji & & #) iJ, Ishin shiseki kaidai. Denki hen i _ JS f; - 'i. (Annotated bibliography of Restoration histories. Section on biography), Tokyo, Meiji Shoin, 1935, 342pp. An exceptionally valuable source for students of Restoration politics. Gives very complete coverage of all biographical data in books, magazines, pamphlets, etc., published from 1868 to September 1934, on a great variety of persons active in the Restoration movement. Work is arranged in the order of the syllabary by the names of persons covered. After each man's name are listed all relevant biographical works of major significance as well as the man's own writings, with complete bibliographical data and concise descriptions of the contents in both cases. Works of less significance and general reference works which treat the man incidentally are also noted but without annotation. An appendix sets forth a list of reference works giving biographical data on selected individuals. There is an index of all persons covered. g. Statistical Literature The literature of this field includes the census - or "state of the nation" report as the Japanese now call itthe statistical publications of all government departments and agencies, both national and local, and the products of a variety of private statistic-gathering institutes. It is basic to the research of any social scientist. Unfortunately, the writers cannot recommend any single definitive guide to this complex body of writings, though the statistical sections of the better general bibliographies noted in Section 1 should be consulted in this respect. There does exist, however, an excellent prewar bibliographical essay on governmentally-produced statistics (Entry 162) by Takano Iwasaburo in a compilation entitled Homp6 shakai t6kei ron (Treatise on Japanese social statistics). This describes in detail all official statistical publications according to the agency issuing them. It covers not only works compiled by departments and bureaus of the national government, but also those of all colonial administrations, all prefectures and eleven large cities. Students should find it very helpful. The annotated bibliography of
Page 26 26 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE statistical data prepared by the Naikaku Tokeikyoku (Entry 160) is also very valuable and should be consulted for prewar publications in this field. 159. Naikaku Tokeikyoku X X _L ~f ] (Cabinet Bureau of Statistics), Tokei chosa ni kansuru kakukancho kank6sho gairan., it t I- M: r [ - T -:'J '< ~, A (Survey of official publications relating to statistical research), Tokyo, Zenkoku Keizai Ch6sa Kikan Reng6kai, 1924, 15pp.; and T6ky6 T6kei Ky6kai, 1926. The original survey covers official publications in this field through 1923. The 1926 edition extends the coverage through 1925. 160. Naikaku T6keikyoku q J,,it *7 (Cabinet Bureau of Statistics), Tokei Shiryo Kaidai. it t 4N * AL (Annotated bibliography of statistical data), T6ky6, Zenkoku Keizai Chosa Kikan Reng6kai, 1936, 4+18+571+46+8pp. This very useful but now rare annotated bibliography of Japanese statistical publications attempts to cover all compilations of statistical materials published prior to 1935. Publications of the Cabinet Bureau of Statistics, ministries, and other public agencies, and private organizations are treated. Date and place of publication, date of first issue and periodicity of serial publications are given. An index is appended. 161. Okazaki Fuminori ] ~J >L j, Tokei kenkyu bunken. it 0[ ) ~ i (Literature on statistical research), Toky6, Yfhikaku, 1925, 343pp. 162. Takano Iwasaburo 7 ~, f t, ed., Homp6 shakai tokei ron ~ p k i!,. ft (Treatise on Japanese social statistics), T6kyo, Kaiz6sha, 1933, 728pp. An invaluable source for those interested in the complex publication history of Japanese social statistics. The volume is really a collection of four essays on various aspects of social statistics, only the third of which is of direct bibliographical interest. This is an annotated bibliography of Japanese social statistics by Takano Iwasabur6 (pp. 395-550). Therein the author discusses in detail all governmentally issued statistical works according to the agency issuing them. The administrative and organizational history of the major statistical offices is set forth, with a particularly useful account of the administrative development of the Cabinet Bureau of Statistics (Naikaku Tokeikyoku). Thereafter, each of this office's numerous statistical publications is described in detail. The account of the complex publication history of the census statistics is of outstanding value. Further sections describe the statistical publications of all other departments of the central government, with particular attention to those of the Ministry of Home Affairs (Naimusho)and its principal subdivisions. A section on colonial offices lists the important statistical publications of the governments of Formosa, Korea, Kwantung, Karafuto and the South Seas Mandated Islands. Further sections list the similar publications of all prefectures and of eleven large cities (Tokyo, Ky6to, Osaka, Yokohoma, Kobe, Nagoya, Kumamoto, Sakai, Sendai, Niigata and Hiroshima). 163. Takano Iwasabur6o j ~ ~ a, "Homp6 tokeisho zakkan; *, j i\t f $ (Survey of Japanese statistical works)," Kokka Gakkai zasshi, v. 30, nos. 4-5, 7-8, and 11-12, 1916. h. Miscellaneous 164. Hoseishi Gakkai - \fj tf 4- (Society of Legal History), Bunken mokuroku R ' / X (Bibliography) Toky6, Hoseishi Gakkai, 1949+. Annual. A mimeographed bibliography listing books and periodical literature in the field of legal history. The contents are classified under the following categories: legal history in general, Japanese legal history, oriental legal history, occidental legal history, and Roman law. 165. 'Keisatsu ni kansuru mono ~ | # ~ ~ ~ ~ e (Materials on the police), Tosho shuho, no. 10, 1930, p. 40. Recommended for bibliography on police administration by several reliable authorities. 166. "Kinsei Nihon ni okeru shakai seis6 oyobi ido ni kansuru h6go shuyo bunken mokuroku _ j;,- ' \t. -~ a ~ /| X. a ^* ~ti r-: I) ~ tp i^ ~ tYk -<(Selected bibliography on social stratification and mobility in modern Japan)," in Shakaigaku hyoron 4 A I. f y (Sociological Review), no. 15 (1954). The Japanese version of a bibliography prepared by the Japanese Sociological Association as a result of decisions taken at the Paris conference of the International Sociological Association in June, 1951. The English translation, "A selected bibliography on social stratification and mobility in Japan since 1800" appears in Current Sociology, Vol. II, no. 4 for 1953-54. 167. Mombush6o v_ (Ministry of Education), Toa kyoeiken shigen kagaku bunken mokuroku, - i I A, - t t t L O (Catalogue of works relating to the resources of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere), T6kyo, Iwanami, 1942, 2v. A list of works in foreign languages concerning the geography and resources of New Guinea, French IndoChina and Thailand. Its relation to politico-economic planning at the time is obvious. 168. Royama Masamichi 4 i iL kt,,"Gyoseigaku sank6 shomoku t E__ I ' t I (Bibliography of reference works on administration)," in Gy6sei soshiki ron it ~ ij,, At (Treatise on administrative organi
Page 27 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 27 zation), Toky6, 1930, pp. 327-44 [ =v.9 of Gendai seijigaku zenshau c, < z;,,~ / (Collection of contemporary political science materials)]. 169. Royama Masamichi L -a K ji, "Gyoseigaku sankosho oyobi sank6 rombun i - ~ t i _ 1 _ (Reference books and articles on administration)," in Gy6seigaku joron i L, ~ I (Introduction to administration), T6kyo, 1928. 170. Shirato, Ichiro with the assistance of C. Martin Wilbur, Japanese sources on the history of the Chinese Communist Movement (Columbia University East Asian Institute Studies No. 2), reproduced for private distribution by the East Asian Institute of Columbia University, 1953, viii+69pp. A very useful selective and annotated bibliography of works in Japanese on the history of the Chinese Communist movement. It covers books, excerpts, monographs, pamphlets, and significant articles held by Columbia's East Asiatic Library as of December, 1952, and the Library of Congress' Division of Orientalia as of August, 1952. There is an author and personality index. 171. Teikoku Toshokan ~ j 3 ~ it (Imperial Library), Jikyoku ni kansuru tosho mokuroku. - c ~ ~ 8 f ] 4~ (Catalogue of works concerning the present crisis), Tokyo, Nihon Toshokan Kyokai, 1937-39, 3v. These three slender volumes afford excellent bibliographical coverage of the Manchurian and China Incidents and their repercussions on the home front. Few of the works cited are explicitly political in nature, but most are of broad political importance. All three volumes are classified under such headings as Conditions in China and East Asia, Conditions in Manchukuo, The China Incident, Economics during the Emergency, National Defense and Military Preparations, Home Front Provisions, the National Morale, etc. The coverage of such subjects as Nihon Seishin, Kokutai, national mobilization, home-front youth movements, etc. is particularly good. Complete bibliographical data are given and each entry is annotated. See also Entries: 327, 328, 519.
General Reference Works
pp. 28-42
Page 28 CHAPTER II GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS Students of foreign cultures find themselves constantly resorting to general reference works. Precise and reliable information about Japanese names, dates, places, and the entire range of allied factual or statistical data can be infuriatingly elusive. It is in such general reference works that the answers can most expeditiously be found. A sound knowledge of their principal types and of the range and limitations of their contents is, therefore, exceedingly valuable. Where the present chapter is concerned the writers' policy has been to cite only those reference works which, by reason of the breadth or nature of their coverage, defy inclusion in specific subject matter chapters. The contents may, therefore, be regarded as "general" in this residual sense. Where possible, reference works of a less general nature have been listed under later and more specific heads. It has been possible to classify the contents of the present chapter into categories devoted to: 1) Encyclopedias, dictionaries, and handbooks; 2) Yearbooks; 3) Statistics; and 4) Chronologies. 1. Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, and Handbooks The Japanese are great literary compilers and in no field are the results of this aptitude more overwhelmingly apparent than in that of dictionaries, encyclopedias, and handbooks. Any thorough survey of even the major titles would run to hundreds of entries, the majority of which, while of considerable general utility, would have but marginal relation to the study of political science. Because of this the writers have drastically limited their coverage. In general, only those dictionaries or encyclopedias with direct and major relevance to Japanese government and politics have been included. As a consequence, attention has been focussed on specialized dictionaries of political and legal terminology. In a few cases, the authors have been unable to resist the temptation to include works not directly related to the field of political science, but which are of such outstanding utility as to warrant an exception in their favor. a. General Reference Works The following items are all historical dictionaries or encyclopedias of general scope containing major parts on politics or political history. All are excellent, but two perhaps are of outstanding value for the political scientist. Among the multi-volume encyclopedias, the Nihon kokusei jiten (Entry 174) represents an unparalleled compilation of factual information and source materials with a specifically political focus. Among the one volume, short-entry types of general references, the authors strongly recommend the recent Kyoto University publication, Nihon kindaishi jiten (Entry 173). 172. Iwanami sh6-jiten t -; 'J' 0 A (Iwanami small dictionaries), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1955-1956, 18v. This is a series of vest pocket dictionaries, each devoted to a particular subject, e.g. psychology, economics, education, Western art, etc. Each volume is some 200 pages in length. Those on politics, international relations, law, social thought, and labor movements are of particular interest to the political scientist. Their emphasis is on recent developments in Japan. 173. Ky6to Daigaku Bungakubu, Kokushi Kenkyushitsu d 4p } t I ~ f X X ' o -(Kyoto University, College of Letters, Research Institute on the National History), Nihon kindaishi jiten sa / r <\' \_ P ~ (Dictionary of modern Japanese history), Toky6, T6y6 Keizai Shimp6sha, 1958, 990pp. One of the newest and best one-volume short-entry dictionaries, covering some 3300 items in Japanese biography, international relations, political, economic, and social history since 1848. Correct Kana or r6maji readings are given for each entry, while cross-references and bibliographical suggestions are appended to the brief descriptions. The last 350 pages are devoted to an extraordinarily rich tabular appendix covering such matters of political interest as directories of the genro, the imperial court, cabinets, high colonial officials, the supreme court, foreign ministry, and the military; lineages of the army and navy cliques; a guide to Occupation organization and personnel; a brief table of election results for the lower and upper houses of the Diet; a chart of zaibatsu lineages; and a great many other items of interest and value. Of particular interest is a series of 3 charts enclosed in a pocket on the back cover showing the lineage of political parties, labor and farmer unions, and right-wing organizations. 174. Nihon Kokusei-jiten Kank6kai V it V ^-fJ I'd l3 X (Association for Publication of a Dictionary of Japanese Politics), Nihon kokusei jiten ~0 4- @ ^ -J+ (A dictionary of Japanese politics), Toky6, Maruzen, 1953 +, 16v. An enormous and very useful collection of primary source materials, some eight volumes of which had been published by the end of 1957. Sixteen are planned, of which the last is to be a general index. The series is arranged by cabinets, beginning with the first in 1885. Each volume covers the documentation of several cabinets, with subsections devoted to: the imperial family, politics, the bureaucracy, diplomacy, military 28
Page 29 GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS 29 affairs, education, public finance and banking, industry and the economy, transportation, mail and communications, academic, cultural, and religious affairs, social affairs, and labor. Within each of these sub-sections is reproduced the text of a large number of important and relevant laws, regulations, pronouncements, speeches, records, etc. which originate during the term of the cabinet concerned. The attempt is usually to reproduce such items completely and in original form. Where the length or variant importance of the item argues against this, careful abstracts of its principal parts are made and noted as such. The sources of all materials cited are given. 175. Nihon rekishi daijiten f.. i A - (Dictionary of Japanese History), T6kyo, Kawade Shoboshinsha, 1957 +, 17v. This is the latest and largest of the major dictionaries of Japanese history. When completed, it will consist of 16 volumes of text plus a one-volume index. It is encyclopedic in coverage and lavishly illustrated. 176. T6ky6 Teikoku Daigaku Shiryo Hensanjo ~, ~ 11 K ~-ft, ff (Tokyo Imperial University, Bureau for the Compilation of Historical Materials), Dokushi biy6o ~_ d 4- (Handbook for the reading of history), Tokyo, Naigai Shoseki, 1933, 3rd ed., 2154pp. A very useful compilation of miscellaneous historical data from the mythical beginnings down to 1932. A chronology sets forth a complete comparative table of regnal, zodiacal, Japanese style, Western, Manchurian and Chinese dates, plus the names and terms in office of all cabinet members. A separate section lists in chronological order all important events in Japanese history. A large number of other sections covers the great daimyo families, their fiefs and tax ratings; rosters of governmental officials; histories of the various kuni and gun; genealogies of the imperial family and many other important families; and an elaborate index. b. Law and political science Dictionaries and encyclopedias are numerous in this field. The following list represents only the writers' necessarily arbitrary selection of some of the more recent and useful items. From the standpoint of general political utility several volumes merit special attention. Two are actually one-volume encyclopedias, the first (Entry 183), produced by a Kyoto University group and the second (Entry 186) by a Tokyo University group. Both are remarkable compilations of facts, figures, definitions, and brief biographies of importance to political scientists. Notable also is a dictionary of political science edited by a group of Tokyo professors (Entry 181). 177. Amano Yoshikazu t k f'- Seiji no jiten lp;, o - *- (Dictionary of politics), T6kyo, Fuji Shoten, 1955, 3+42+461pp. Written by a veteran newspaper man, this reference work treats Japanese politics for the 88-year period from 1867 to 1955 in a clear and concise manner. Materials on each general election and on the structure and character of all cabinets are included. Appendices contain a useful chronology of Japanese politics, lists of members of all cabinets, and tables of party strengths in the Imperial Diet and National Diet. 178. H6ritsu Daijisho -; t $ } (Legal dictionary), T6ky6, H6ritsu Daijisho Bunkan, 1909-11, 3v. An old but very good legal dictionary. Covers practically all fields of law including legal theory, constitutional law, administrative and international law, treaties, civil, social, and criminal laws, etc. Biographical sketches of notable jurists are also included. Indexes of Japanese, English, German, and French legal terms are appended. 179. Nakamura Akira * A, ~ and Daiyamondosha Henshabu ~'4 ' r / - ' - - t (Daiyamondosha Editorial Staff), Gendai seiji no kiso chishiki ' 4 4 ~ d ftp (Basic Guide to contemporary politics), Tokyo, Daiyamondosha, 1952, 2+30+688+19pp. A dictionary-like guide to the vocabulary of and basic facts about contemporary Japanese and world politics. Sections are devoted to global politics; Japanese politics with sub-sections on the constitution, legislatures, elections, political parties, government, public finance, the economy, civil service, law, public administration, local autonomy, justice, police, social security, education, military affairs, and diplomacy; international organizations; and the political systems of various foreign countries. Much of the presentation is graphic and statistical. There is a detailed index. 180. Nihon Keizaikiko Kenkyujo 0, i- ' 0 ((Research Institute of Japanese Economic Structure), Seiji keizai daijiten ~;B,., ~ (Dictionary of politics and economics), Tokyo, Iwasaki Shoten, 1949, 12+2+ 560+55pp. A dictionary of major subjects and names in the fields of politics and economics. Separate sections are devoted to: principles of political economy; society, politics, and ideologies; the theory and history of social movements; world politics and economy; and Japanese capitalism. There are indexes by item and name. 181. Seijigaku-jiten Henshubu;; *, f 4 A (Editorial Staff of Dictionary of Political Science), Seiji gaku jiten At_ hi (Dictionary of political science), Toky6, Heibonsha, 1954, 7+1416+80pp. An indispensable reference work for persons seriously interested in Japanese politics. Edited by Nakamura Akira, Maruyama Masao and Tsuji Kiyoaki, this is the most comprehensive and reliable dictionary of its sort with which the authors are familiar. Some 200 contributors drawn from a variety of social science
Page 30 30 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE fields supply its thousands of entries. These cover Japanese and foreign personalities, events, concepts, and terms broadly relevant to the study of politics. Arrangement is in dictionary style, each entry receiving treatment varying in length from a few lines to a page. Biographical entries list the individual's chief works. There are separate indexes of Japanese and foreign names and terms. 182. Suehiro Izutaro ~t zA &c K p and Tanaka K6tar6o ~ ~ K P, H6ritsugaku jiten:-, { ~ (Dictionary of jurisprudence), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1934-37, 5v. Perhaps the best of the numerous prewar legal dictionaries, this work was prepared by upwards of 100 prominent legal authorities. All aspects of law and legal terminology are covered by definitions or, more frequently by articles of some length and of excellent quality. Each entry gives the proper kana reading for the word or phrase defined plus its English, French, and German synonyms. At the end of each article there is a list of recommended readings. Volume 5 is a general and detailed index for the series. 183. Suekawa Hiroshi * {lt -' ed., Shintei h6gaku jiten t - -A ~ tK (Newly revised legal dictionary), Tokyo, Hy6ron Shinsha, 1956, 9+1090+120pp. A massive and excellent dictionary covering large areas of political science, economics, and history as well as law. It is the work of some 130 specialists, most of whom are identified with the Kyoto School of legalists. The emphasis is upon Japanese law and social science, although numerous foreign items are also treated. Entries are cross-referenced and indexes of personal names and foreign words are appended. 184. Takigawa Yukitoki - "1! r ed., Keiji h6gaku jiten A'j;~ - ~ # (Dictionary of criminal jurisprudence), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 8+836+38+74pp. One of the most comprehensive and reliable reference works in this field. The editor and contributors are largely members of the Ky6to University school of law. 185. Taoka Ryoichi and others B - (-I) Kokusai-h6 kokusai seiji jiten l m-.;. t - jAL -t A.- (Dictionary of international law and relations), T6ky6, Serin Shoin, 1956, 3+323+17pp. This is perhaps the only comprehensive and authoritative dictionary in this field. The general editor is professor of public international law at Ky6to University. Individual entries are signed by the scholar contributing them. 186. Wagatsuma Sakae ~' ~? ed., Shin h6ritsugaku jiten e -/ 4t a-t (New legal dictionary), Toky6, Yuhikaku, 1952, 14+1014+71+108pp. A very good dictionary compiled by 26 members of the Law Faculty of T6kyo University. The emphasis is on Japanese jurisprudence, its concepts, practices, and terminology, although occasional entries treat items from related fields. Many entries supply English, German, French, or Latin terms or phrases for the Japanese item under consideration. Entries are cross-referenced and an index is appended. See also Entry: 968. c. Biographical aids The student's problem with respect to the literature of this field is principally that of choice among a wide variety of available materials. A few of the more important are listed below. They are of several general types. One of the most common is the standard biographical dictionary. Of these the Dai jimmei jiten (Entry 187) is widely regarded as the most satisfactory for general purposes. Volume 9 treats Japanese living as of the 1953-55 period of compilation. There is also a new English-language work of this sort in one massive volume entitled The Japan biographical encyclopedia and who's who (Entry 194), which is particularly useful for recent or current political figures. For individuals in all professions since T'W9, however, the periodical who's who type of publication is often the most satisfactory source of information. For prewar times the Nihon shinshiroku (Entry 200) offers the most expansive coverage, including on occasion as many as 130,000 brief biographies. For the postwar period the writers recommend the Zen Nihon shinshiroku (Entry 195), which is normally published on a triennial basis and treats about 100,000 prominent Japanese. Two more specialized directories might also be mentioned. The first (Entry 199) is the periodically-issued Register of copyrights: a cultural who's who, which is in effect a directory of authors in all fields. The second (Entry 197) is a Who's who among contemporary Chinese. This is a tremendous aid to anyone struggling with the problem of Japanese and Western transliterations of Chinese names and covers some 7,000 contemporary Chinese. 187. Dai jimmei jiten K,. 4f + - (Great biographical dictionary), T6ky6, Heibonsha, 1953-1955, 10v. This is perhaps the most comprehensive of the recent biographical dictionaries. Volumes 1-6 cover about 50,000 deceased Japanese; volumes 7-8 treat some 8,000 non-Japanese figures; volume 9 deals with approximately 8,000 living Japanese (see Entry 189); while volume 10 contains a general index and useful supplements. Throughout all volumes, chronological information is given in accordance with the Western dating system. Entries vary in length according to the importance of the subject, but, at minimum, include birth and death dates, official titles and positions and other career data. Relevant reference works are often cited. Except in volume 9, contributions are signed.
Page 31 GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS 31 188. Futagi Hideo A — / - t-, Seikai nyu fesu -r -o- 7 -, (New faces in the world of politics), Tokyo, Jiipusha, 1947, 124pp. Biographical sketches of 341 persons prominent in postwar Japanese politics, arranged by the parties to which they belong. 189. Gendai Nihon Jimmei Jiten Henshubu L A i-; - t *, P (Editorial office for the compilation of a biographical dictionary of contemporary Japanese), Gendai Nihon jimmei jiten E <l' 0,;/ —* (Biographical dictionary of contemporary Japanese), T6kyo, Heibonsha, 1955, 753pp. This is a separate edition of volume 9 of Heibonsha's Great biographical dictionary (See Entry 187). It contains brief biographical data on some 8,000 contemporary and eminent Japanese. Entries are arranged in the order of the kana syllabary and give: present position, specialty, date and place of birth, school and year of college graduation, information regarding professional career, notable achievements (including major publications), famous relations (if any), home address, and telephone number. 190. Igarashi Eikichi -- + E f A, Taisho jimmei jiten A $ A i *- (Biographical dictionary of the Taish6 era [1912-26]), T6ky6, T6oy Shimp6sha, 1914, 38+1868+126pp. 191. Iseki Kuro f 1 t 1, Dai Nihon hakushiroku g. ~; ' - (A list of Japanese holders of the doctorate), T6kyo, Hattensha, 1922, 6v. A who's who of holders of the Ph.D. degree giving for each entry his name, title of dissertation, list of publications, and honors. Volume 1 covers doctors of law and pharmacology, volumes 2-3 doctors of medicine, volume 4 doctors of engineering, volume 5 doctors of literature, and volume 6 doctors of agriculture, forestry or veterinary science. Volume 1 contains an alphabetical list of all entries arranged by faculties according to the Ministry of Education's list of doctorates granted. A separate alphabetical index is appended. 192. Iseki Kuro 4 1 k A, Gakui taikei hakushiroku A iv A t/ 4 (Outline of the academic status of persons holding the doctorate), T6ky6, Hattensha Shuppanbu, 1939, variously paged. A who's who of Japanese holders of the doctorate classified according to the discipline in which the degree was awarded, e.g.,law, economics, commerce, political science, etc. It is interesting to note that at the time of publication Professors Takahashi Seigo and Gorai Kinz6 were the only holders of the doctorate in political science. Entries give name, legal residence, date of degree, university, title of dissertation, whether or not published, field of academic specialization, current position, and address. Covers all degrees granted since 1868. An index of names is appended. 193. Ishin Shiry6 Hensankai * ~-._ t.- * I (Society for the Compilation of Historical Materials on the Restoration), Gendai kazoku fuy6 t s - { t --- (Genealogies of the contemporary nobility), T6ky6, Nihon Shiseki Ky6kai, 1929, 720+73+31pp. This is a revised and enlarged edition of the Society's Kazokufu (Genealogies of the nobility) which appeared in 1913. The following data are given as of July 1, 1928: 1) present head of the family, 2) brief genealogical table, and 3) a summary of the family's history. Contents are arranged by family names in the order of the kana syllabary. The section on the present family head gives his court rank, decorations, official position if any, residence and telephone number. For ex-kuge and daimyo, the family rank, inherited occupation, and pre-restoration fief are also given. Tables showing elevations to the peerage, promotions in the peerage, the old and the new nobility, and rewards for military service during the Restoration are appended. There are also indexes of origkuge, of clansmenin of the peresent nobility. 194. The Japan biographical encyclopedia and who's who (Tokyo: Rengo Press, Ltd., 1958), vi+2,124pp. An enormous and extremely useful biographical dictionary in English containing some 12,000 brief biographies of Japanese and a few foreign politicians, businessmen, scientists, scholars, artists, writers, etc. of historical or contemporary note. Each entry gives the subject's name in romaji and characters; his birth and, when applicable, death dates; profession, birthplace, educational data, and career and publication information. Added features are a series of historical and contemporary maps; a glossary; chronology; era names and their western date equivalents; a list of cabinets and cabinet members since 1885; a list of members of the upper and lower houses of the Diet as of 1957 showing birth date, times elected, occupation, electoral district, and party affiliation; a foreign service list of both Japanese envoys abroad and foreign envoys to Japan; and a brief addendum of biographical sketches inadvertently omitted from the body of the work. 195. Jinji Koshinjo,-f -- 1S? (Personal Affairs Information Agency), Zen nihon shinshiroku i W A t (Who's who in Japan), Tokyo, Jinji Koshinjo, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1957. A useful directory covering approximately 100, 000 prominent Japanese in various fields of activity. It gives where appropriate, their pen-names, date of birth, place of birth, degrees held, present occupation, education, address, and telephone number. Pronunciations are given only for difficult or unusual names. 196. Jinji koshinroku k + 1 l 4< (Information about people), Tokyo, Jinji Koshinjo, 1903+. Triennial. One of the most detailed and informative of the periodical who's who's. Covers about 30,000 prominent persons, including Japanese residing everywhere in the country and abroad, and briefly summarizes their
Page 32 32 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE careers, business interests, family relationships, etc. Arranged in the order of the syllabary with a convenient separate index of initial ideographs. 197. Kasumigasekikai I [i / (Kasumigaseki Society), Gendai Chugoku jimmei jiten & 'a, 1 /- ~ } (Who's who among contemporary Chinese), T6ky6, K6nan Shoin, 1957, 73+129+718+6pp. A very useful directory of some 7,000 contemporary Chinese compiled under the editorial supervision of the Asia Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Separate indexes of Chinese names according to Japanese and Westernized pronunciations greatly enhance the value of the work. A list of the simplified forms of the basic Chinese characters is appended. 198. Mombusho semmon gakumukyoku i At 'a ~ -, * h (Ministry of Education, Office of Professional Scholarships, Gakuiroku r t $- (List of doctorates), T6kyo, Mombusho, 1922-[? ]. Annual. An annual cumulative list of persons holding the doctorate, giving also the faculty in which they took their degree, the date, title of their dissertation, whether still living or deceased, and other information. Divided into two main sections, one for doctorates granted under the old ordinance and one for those under the new. Within each section names are entered by degree fields and in the chronological order in which degree was granted. Each edition covers all degrees awarded from May 1888 to December of the year preceding publication. 199. Nihon Chosakuken Kyogikai S $ 4 d k Chosakuken daicho-bunka jimmeiroku - _ 4 A $' (Register of copyrights-a cultural who's who), T6kyo, Nihon Chosakuken Ky6gikai, 1951+. A very useful guide to contemporary biography originally conceived as a register of individuals holding literary copyrights but now greatly expanded to include sections on: Japanese authors, classified by professional field of activity, e.g., novelist, essayist, historian, political scientist, etc.; artists; sportsmen; journalists; political and economic figures; a few resident foreigners; firms and companies concerned with communications media; schools, research groups, and professional associations; libraries and museums, etc. The work is elaborately indexed. Its biographical sections give the name and proper reading thereof for each entry, plus information as to his private and professional address, age, telephone, position, specialty, educational background, and publications. 200. Nihon shinshiroku g $.-. (Who's who in Japan), Toky6, K6junsha, 1889-[? ]. Annual. Usually covers about 130,000 prominent Japanese and foreigners, living in Toky6, Osaka, Yokohama, Ky6to, Kobe, Nagoya, Fukuoka and the gun immediately adjoining these cities, who pay more than 50 yen in income taxes or 70 yen in business profits taxes. Gives entry's name, residence, occupation, business address, telephone number, and amount paid in taxes. The membership of the House of Peers and House of Representatives, the highest local taxpayers, and the membership of the several chambers of commerce and industry in these regions are listed separately. Names are listed in the order of the kana syllabary. There is an index of surnames arranged by locality of residence. 201. Nihon Shuppan Kyodo Kabushiki Kaisha s; ~. 'th,1 f 4 ' P (Japan Publishing Association Ltd.), Gendai shuppan bunkajin soran, X. / ~,L k., j (Survey of contemporary writers), Toky6, Nihon Shuppan Kyodo, 1947, 408pp. A valuable source of bibliographical and personal information on post World War II Japanese authors. Divided into 3 parts: 1) an index of authors classified by fields of interest with a page reference to Part 2; 2) a list of 3590 authors who have published books or significant magazine articles since August 1945, giving also the author's pen name, if any, date of birth, address, telephone number, place of birth, school or university, fields of interest, degrees, present position, career, societies and clubs, and, most valuable of all, a list of his published works including magazine articles; and 3) a list of authors who have died since January 1943 giving date of death, age, birthplace, schools, positions, and important published works. Invaluable for filling in the gaps of the war period. 202. Noyori Hideichi /- 4f, Jimbutsu wa odoru / If, A (Men in the news), T6ky6, Shubunkaku, 1937, 306pp. A collection of 25 biographical essays on prominent men. The essays on Katayama Sen and Nakano Seigo should be of interest to the political scientist. 203. Taguchi Ukichi /,, Dai Nihon jimmei jisho 5; / /K z f; (Biographical dictionary of Japan), T6ky6, Isseido, 1926, rev. ed., 3v. This is a revised and enlarged edition of Taguchi's classic biographical dictionary first published in 1886. It is a name dictionary which gives brief but accurate biographies of all entries. The last volume includes many valuable genealogical and chronological tables, a dictionary of the founders of noble houses, and an index of initial characters. See also Entries: 23, 337, 408, 416, 621, 622, 632, 648, 654, 870, 941, 1165.
Page 33 GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS 33 d. Atlases and Place Name Dictionaries Political scientists quite frequently find themselves in need of precise factual information about boundaries, locations, regionality, distribution patterns, communications systems and barriers, or economic characteristics. The answers to many such questions are readily available in the better historical, geographic, and economic atlases. A brief list of the major sources of this type is, therefore, provided for the student's guidance. Entries 207, 208, and 214 are particularly recommended. A separate but associated problem of research in Japanese materials revolves about the correct readings for Japanese place names in general and the shifting names and compositions of civil subdivisions in general. These problems are very conveniently solved for immediate purposes by the recent editions of the Okurash6's National directory of city, town, and village names (Entry 210). An appendix to this provides a handy guide through the sundry confusions attendant upon the vast program of town and village amalgamations carried out in Japan from 1953 to 1956 under the terms of the Choson Gappei Sokushinho (Law No. 258 of 1953). A similar chart may also be found appended to Vol. I of the 1955 Population Census of Japan (See Entry 241) or in Entry 214. For an historical survey of such changes in the names and compositions of major civil subdivisions in Japan, the student is referred to Entry 205, Fuken oyobi Hokkaido kyoiki enkaku ichiran (An historical survey of the boundaries of the several prefectures and of Hokkaido-). Entry 206 performs a similar service for minor civil subdivisions. Somewhat more specialized but useful for students of Sino-Japanese relations are the guides to Chinese place names listed as Entries 204 and 211. The greatest of the specialized Japanese place name dictionaries is still Yoshida Togo's great six volume Dai Nihon chimei jiten (Entry 212). 204. Gaimush6 Johobu If 'X -W X 3 (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Information Section), Shina chimei shfisei _ P, ~; ~ (Compilation of Chinese place names), Tokyo, Gaimush6 Johobu, 1936, 620pp. A very convenient aid for students of the Manchurian and China Incidents. 205. Naikaku T6keikyoku V r. tf (Cabinet, Statistical Office), Fuken oyobi Hokkaido kyoiki enkaku ichiran ~ * - dT ~'- j E j ~ H ~ I - ~ (Historical Survey of the boundaries of the several prefectures and of Hokkaid6), Toky6, Naikaku T6keikyoku, 1910. Records all changes in the boundaries of these major civil divisions from 1871 to December 31, 1908. The following entry performs a similar service for minor civil divisions. 206. Naikaku Tokeikyoku P,tf ] (Cabinet, Statistical Office), Gunshichoson haichi bungo ichiranhyo i f^ Jl_ t % - ~ _ (Tabular survey of the establishment, abolition, partition, and amalgamation of counties, cities, towns, and villages), Tokyo, Naikaku Tokeikyoku, 1906 and 1909, 2v. Records all changes in these minor civil divisions from the end of 1898 to the end of 1908. The preceding entry performs a similar service for major civil divisions. 207. Nihon keizai chizu q;. ' e H (Economic atlas of Japan), Toky6, Zenkoku Ky6iku Tosho, 1954, 166pp + 61 maps and charts. The maps and charts cover physiography, and the areal distribution of industries, forestry and agriculture, mining, transportation and communications, foreign trade, finance, the circulation of money, and developmental profits in Japan. The text supplements these with useful explanatory notes and statistics. An English translation of the legends for these maps has recently become available. This is Norton Ginsburg and John D. Eyre, eds., A translation of the map legends in The Economic Atlas of Japan (University of Chicago, Department of Geography, 1959), xi+156pp. 208. Nishioka Toranosuke v ] At A j and Hattori Korefusa 1 Q - eds., Nihon rekishi chizu 9; K (Historical atlas of Japan), T6kyo, Zenkoku Kyoiku Tosho, 1956, 482pp. This replaces the famous earlier historical atlas of Yoshida Togo (See Entry 213), from which it differs primarily in terms of its greater emphasis on the social and economic aspects of geography as well as its greater stress on recent times. There are 24 maps on primitive and ancient Japan, 15 on the mediaeval period and 20 on modern and contemporary times. Each map is accompanied by supplementary maps and explanatory comments. There are general and special indexes. 209. Ogawa Takuji,]-. }. t, Shich6son Oaza yomikata meii _' ~ $t ) - ~ (Classified list of readings of the names of cities, towns, villages, and Oaza), Osaka and T6kyo, Seiz6do, 1925, 403+5+43+2pp. A very useful postal guide showing the proper ideographs and kana readings for a vast number of Japanese place names. Part 1 is an urban directory consisting of a lengthy list of cities (sh_, after each of which all cho (:f ) therein are listed. Oaza ( J T ) within such ch6 are also given. Part 2 is a metropolitan and rural directory listing all urban (et) and rural(, ) prefectures plus Hokkaido, Karafuto, Taiwan, Ch6sen, Kwantung. the South Manchurian Railway Zones and the South Seas Territories, for each of which are given all cities ( t ), counties (Ap ), towns (J' ), villages( At ), districts( X ) and 6aza ( $ ~ ) located therein. Part 3 is a separate list of all towns (i- ) large enough to be subdivided into aza ( % ) with the pertinent aza names listed for each. Students who have struggled with the unpredictable readings of Japanese place names will find this work simple to use and of great value. 210. Shinkyu taisho saishin zenkoku shichoson meikan jff ilb - St [ e 1, ~T A; -(Latest national directory of city, town, and village names, comparing old and new versions), Tokyo, Okurash6 Insatsukyoku, 1956, 180+58pp.
Page 34 34 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE A very handy compilation listing by prefecture and gun the names of all cities, towns, and villages in Japan with their correct readings and dates of establishment. A complete index of all gun, cities, towns, and villages is appended. A special feature of the work is a chart of such jurisdictions as of Nov. 15, 1956, showing their component parts prior to the great town and village amalgamation program of 1953-56. 211. Taimusu Shuppansha f 4 z i L\ LA - (Times Publishing Co.), Eibun taish6 chugoku oyobi manshdkoku jimmei chimei benran % _ f. ~ lj _ X - t ~; / (Japanese-English and EnglishJapanese handbook of Chinese and Manchurian personal and place names), T5kyo, Taimusu Shuppansha, 1933, 42+7+ 37+3+77+89+4+2 +8pp. A handy little volume for students of the China and Manchuria Incidents. Divided into sections on personal and place names. Within each are found Japanese (ideographs) to English and English to Japanese subsections. The section on personal names also identifies by official position or otherwise the persons listed. An index of initial characters is included. The section on place names indicates by provinces the location of the entry. An index is provided. Appendices give comparative tables of Japanese, Chinese, Western and zodiacal dates since 1833, and of important railways in China and Manchuria. 212. Yoshida T6go ~ ~ ~ / -, Dai Nihon chimei jiten -k ~; t, - (Dictionary of Japanese place names), Toky6, Fuzambo, 1922-23, rev. ed., 6v. One of the best and most famous of the great place name dictionaries. Volume 1 is devoted to general remarks on Japanese place names and their readings plus index; volumes 2-5 treat the place names of Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku; while volume 6 covers Hokkaido, Karafuto, the Ryukyu Islands, and Formosa. An outstanding work containing a wealth of historical and geographical information about the places identified. 213. Yoshida Togo, 0 t /L- and Ashida Isebito f E It X, Dai Nihon dokushi chizu; 0 ~ ~ _ tj RE (Historical atlas of Japan), T6kyo, Fuzamb6, 1935, 5th rev. ed., lv. This is an extensively revised edition of the famous Dai Nihon dokushi chizu which originally appeared in 1897. Its emphasis is mainly on pre-Restoration history, but such maps as the following should be of interest to the political scientist: clan holdings at the time of the Restoration, the original distribution of prefectures (ken), and campaign maps of the Satsuma Rebellion, Sino-Japanese, Russo-Japanese, and World wars. For many purposes this has been superseded by Entry 208. 214. Zenkoku Ky6iku Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha s fk t 4 f ' At ~, - (National Educational Book Co.), Hy6jun Nihon chizu 1 4- 6 ~ t ] (A standard atlas of Japan), T6kyo, Zenkoku Ky6iku Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha, 1956, v.p. An exceptionally useful and fine series of detailed individual maps of all prefectures plus Amami Oshima and Okinawa. The maps are supplemented by rather extensive textual material giving brief histories, vital statistics, meteorological, industrial, transportation, and other data about the area concerned. Tables provide lists of all cities, gun, towns, and villages in each prefecture. Appendices list the 1955 population of all cities, a list of town and village amalgamations, and detailed indexes of place names. All information is given as of January 1, 1956. e. Other Specialized Terminologies and Subject Matters Political scientists, particularly those involved with area programs, are finding themselves more and more concerned with research materials derived from other fields. Each of these possesses in some measure a specialized vocabulary which is apt to be unfamiliar. For this reason the authors are listing below a few of the simpler but outstanding dictionaries-actually most of them are one volume encyclopedias-in the fields of sociology, economics, philosophy, and nautical terminology. This section also includes a useful Handbook of learned societies in Japan (Entry 218). 215. Fukutake Tadashi $ K t_ Hidaka Rokur6 S j - ~ and Takahashi T6ru j ~ L Shakaigaku jiten t, \ # -0 (Dictionary of sociology), T6ky6, Yfhikaku, 1958, 11+977+83pp. The latest and most useful dictionary in this field, with contributions from more than 300 specialists. Sociology is broadly defined and contains many items of interest to the political scientist. 216. Keizaigaku daijiten, -A-, f 0 *- (Dictionary of economics), T6kyo, Toyokeizai Shimp6sha, 1955, 3v. Perhaps the most ambitious and definitive of the so-called dictionaries of modern economics, this is actually a small encyclopedia of the subject with rather extensive essays and entries on all phases of the discipline, its professional vocabulary, concepts, and problems. There is an elaborate subject and name index appended to volume 3. 217. Keizaigaku, jiten. -* t - (Dictionary of economics), T6kyo, Heibonsha, 1954, 1750+80pp. A general dictionary of professional economic terminology edited by Aoyama Hideo, Wakimura Yoshitar6, and Tsuru Shigeto covering the vocabulary from the classical school through Marxism to Kuznets. English, German, or French equivalents for the Japanese terms are frequently given, as are bibliographical suggestions for those interested in additional information. There are indexes in both Japanese and Western languages. A very useful dictionary.
Page 35 GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS 35 218. Ministry of Education, Higher Education and Science Bureau, Scientific Information Section, Handbook of learned societies in Japan, humanities and social sciences (rev. ed.; Tokyo: Ministry of Education, 1958), 42pp. An English-language classified directory of Japanese learned societies in the several fields of the humanities and social sciences based upon a 1954 edition of the same work. For each society is given its name in English and Japanese, address, founding date, purpose, president, number of members, data re meetings, and information about official organ or publications. An alphabetical index is appended. 219. Ozaki Chikara 3 ~ } G_, Wa-ei kaigo jiten j A_ -_ 4 * (Japanese-English dictionary of naval terms), T6kyo, Suik6sha, 1928, rev. ed., 2nd printing, 731+30+10+12+7pp. An authoritative naval dictionary available in a 1943 reprint by the University of California press. 220. Shakai Shis6sha i / t "T- H, Shakai kagaku daijiten A / f k ~ $ } (Dictionary of the social sciences), Toky6, Kaiz6sha, 1932, rev. ed., 26+1269+131pp. One of the best dictionaries of this type giving a broad coverage of terms and expressions relating to social and political movements, social problems, and social philosophy. Definitions frequently take the form of rather extensive articles by well-qualified specialists. A detailed subject index and an alphabetical index of European names and phrases are appended. 221. Shimmei Masamichi e O i ' t Omichi Yasujiro - -'JL - ~I Kamba Toshio 7" 4~ H and Hayase Toshio - -. 4\ 1 Shakai shisoshi jiten B_ j; Y d )~ _ (Historical dictionary of social thought), Osaka, Sogensha, 1950, 9+638+91pp. A general dictionary of concepts, personalities, and terminology relating to the field of social thought, broadly interpreted. Name and subject indexes are appended. 222. Shinrigaku jiten,- 0] ~, (Dictionary of psychology), T6ky6, Heibonsha, 1957, 19+683+18+31pp. A pioneer work of its sort featuring fairly extensive essays on the concepts, terminology, problems, etc. of the field. See also Entry: 256. 2. Yearbooks Japanese yearbooks (nenkan) comprise a research source of very considerable value. Their numbers and subjects of specialization are myriad, and the following list notes only the more important yearbooks of general coverage and those devoted specifically to the review of legal or political developments during the year. Others of more specialized reference are cited under appropriate chapters throughout this study. Yearbooks of general coverage correspond to American almanacs. They devote sections to important events in all fields of social activity. The sections on politics, for example, provide a great deal of factual information about government personnel, legislative sessions, general and local elections, cabinet policy, important political issues of the year, etc. Other sections on foreign affairs, economics, banking, finance, domestic and foreign trade, fishing, agriculture and many other subjects similarly furnish brief but pithy descriptions of major developments in these fields. From the standpoint of the political scientist, the utility of such yearbooks varies in general with the scope and reliability of their treatment of government and politics. Considered in this light, the Jiji nenkan (Current events yearbook) is probably the most satisfactory of those listed below. It is slightly preferable to the excellent Asahi nenkan (Asahi yearbook) because of the greater detail of its political reporting. Special mention should also be made of the 1920-1930 seiji keizai nenkan (Political and economic yearbook, 1920-1930), an outstanding compilation of the Tokyo Seiji Keizai Kenkyuijo which performs the office of a yearbook for the entire decade of the twenties. Its coverage is so good as to make it a quite satisfactory one-volume substitute for the ten volumes which any other yearbook devotes to the coverage of this period. It is continued on an annual basis during the thirties by the Nihon seiji keizai nenkan (Political and economic yearbook of Japan). For a more limited period of time, the excellent series of annual histories (Entry 232) published by the Nenshi Kank6kai entitled Showa [ ]nen shi (History of the year [ ]) is also recommended. The series starts with a volume devoted to events during 1928. Yearbooks of more specialized reference are noted under appropriate heads elsewhere in this study. Again only a selection of the more important titles has been attempted. The number of such works is legion. One suspects that such publication is practically compulsive for any self-respecting group of specialists with access to printing facilities. Students interested in a more complete listing of such works are referred to pp. 65-66 of Hatano and Yayoshi (Entry 14). 223. Asahi nenkan O k J - W (Asahi yearbook, Osaka and Tokyo, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1919+. One of the most comprehensive and valuable of the yearbooks of general scope. Contents are apt to vary slightly from year to year, but in general the following matters are covered. 1. Politics: a general review of political history during the preceding year; resume of the Diet's activities covering the summons, organi
Page 36 36 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE zation, committee structure, rights of members, results of elections, list of election districts, and table of member's occupations; the current programs of the several political parties; a list of political associations and of associations interested in foreign affairs. 2. Law: summaries of all important laws enacted during the year, and a table showing all laws enacted during the year with their number, date of promulgation, and date of effect. 3. Local government and politics: a general survey of trends and activities at the local government level; financial and tax statistics; and rosters of important local government officials, of the chairmen and vice-chairmen of prefectural assemblies, and of colonial officials. 4. Foreign relations: a general review of foreign relations during the preceding year; separate accounts of important negotiations or events; complete or partial texts plus summaries of significant international agreements involving or concerning Japan negotiated during the year; and a table of treaties and agreements in effect with the relevant dates. 5. Public officials: rosters of high public officials classified by ministries; rosters of all current members of both houses of the Diet; and a list of the members of all ministries since 1890. Other sections give a detailed chronology of events for the preceding year and an account of the imperial family. Topography, resources, and population statistics are also set forth. Further major sections are devoted to finance and economics, social institutions, labor, and religion, education, arts and crafts, sports. There is a detailed table of contents and a subject index. All editions of this yearbook are a mine of factual information on these and still other subjects. 224. Horitsu Jih6 Henshubu -i 4 it ~ (Editorial Staff of "H6ritsu Jiho"), Horitsu nenkan - it J4 t- (Yearbook of law), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1943, 1958+. Annual. Although the present series began in 1958, an earlier edition appeared in 1943 but was interrupted by the war. The 1958 edition covers the period of July 1, 1956 - June 30, 1957, and is divided into the following parts: I, "The record," surveys developments in academic and official fields of legal or political interest, and includes a chronology of the postwar period plus a summary of legislative proceedings in the 25th and 26th sessions of the National Diet; II, "New laws and ordinances," summarizes important developments in this area; III, "Judicial decisions and comm ents thereon," not only provides precis of major decisions but refers the readers to periodicals containing more detailed commentaries; IV, "Bibliography," sets forth an elaborate bibliography for the year classified by the various fields of law, including international law and relations, politics, public administration, and political history. An appendix lists institutes, research groups, legal groups, universities, and administrative agencies active in these fields. 225. Horitsu nenkan -> J- t - (Yearbook of law), T6ky5, Horitsu Hyoronsha, 1925-[? ]. This annual special number of the H6ritsu jiho provides a thorough review of the preceding year's legislation, judicial decisions, and legal writing. It is divided into the following sections: civil law, commercial law, criminal law, civil procedure, criminal procedure, constitutional law, miscellaneous, and new laws and ordinances. Each section summarizes all relevant judicial decisions handed down during the preceding years. Since the first six sections correspond to the Six Codes of Japanese law and the summaries are keyed to the pertinent articles of these codes, each section amounts to an annual annotation of that code, serving to keep it up to date. Each section also includes a detailed classified list of all relevant books and articles published during the year. The final section summarizes and frequently gives partial or complete texts of all new laws and ordinances. Appendices contain a survey of law faculties and membership lists of various legal associations. There is a subject index. 226. Jiji nenkan 4 - HfL (Yearbook of current events), Tokyo, Jiji Shimp6sha, 1918-36; D6mei Tsushinsha, 1937 -[? ], Jiji Tsushinsha, 1947+. Probably the most detailed and best organized of the yearbooks of general scope. It specializes in the recording of political developments and provides a most satisfactory chronicle of such events during the year. It covers both domestic and foreign affairs, providing the text or extensive summaries of major treaties and laws; describes the pattern of legal developments during the year; notes decisions or events affecting the constitution, the imperial family, the Diet, or local government; records major economic and fiscal developments; provides an extensive statistical section; and adds to this an elaborate biographical directory and who's who in many fields of political and general interest. It is well indexed and easy to use. 227. Kaiz6 nenkan doL -- *_ (Kaizo yearbook), Toky6, Kaiz6sha, [? ]. Far less comprehensive and detailed than the Jiji or Asahi nenkan. The volumes of this now defunct series comprise an annual supplement to the monthly magazine, Kaiz6, and are divided into 2 major sections, one on politics and economics, the other on thought and art. The former is subdivided into a very general review of world political and economic conditions and a considerably more detailed account of domestic politics and economics. This last covers in a series of brief essays the record of the year's ministry or ministries, the results of Diet sessions, a brief survey of political party activities, an estimate of Japan's international position, and sections on Manchuria, China and national defense. 228. Mainichi nenkan -, k- _ (Mainichi yearbook), Osaka, Osaka Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1919+. A good yearbook of general scope, but somewhat inferior to the Jiji and Asahi yearbooks. General arrangement is quite similar to that of the Asahi yearbook with the usual sections on the imperial family, a chronology of the year, and a who's who among prominent Japanese. The section on politics covers the following matters: rosters of members of House of Representatives by election districts giving party allegiance and
Page 37 GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS 37 number of terms served; a list of election districts and number of members returned from each; an analysis by parties of the results of all general elections since 1928; and tables of registration and abstention for the most recent general election. 229. Nihon seiji keizai nenkan 0 / k_;,,- 5Jl(Political and economic yearbook of Japan), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1931+[? ]. The best of the specifically political prewar yearbooks, this series succeeds a single volume treatment, arranged in yearbook style, of political events during the twenties entitled 1920-1930 seiji keizai nenkan (q.v.). The 1931 edition was entitled Seiji keizai nenkan. The "Nihon" was prefixed to all editions from 1932 on. The volumes are prepared by an editorial board of the Toky6 Seiji Keizai Kenkyujo headed by Ichimura Kesaz5 and Royama Masamichi. Each edition contains excellent descriptive essays on politics, administration, finance, military affairs and international relations, plus special sections on the Manchurian or China Incidents, the colonies, economic productivity, engineering developments, agriculture, commerce, and social education. There is a subject index and a separate index of statistics cited in the text. 230. Nihon seiji nenkan ~ $; K f - (Political yearbook of Japan), Toky6, D6bunkan, 1909+[? ]. 231. Senkyuhyakuniju-Senkyihyakusanju seiji keizai nenkan - U; =- o - -- i v o t A f -- ~ - (Political and economic yearbook, 1920 - 1930), Toky6, Tokyo Seiji Keizai Kenkyujo, 1930, 710pp. An extraordinarily valuable and comprehensive survey of political and economic events throughout the world, but with strong emphasis on Japan. The original project was to issue a similar volume for the 1930s, but this seems to have been abandoned in favor of the annual publication by the same agency of the Nihon seiji keizai nenkan (q.v.). This single edition contains major sections on the following matters: political parties, public opinion, the Diet, the cabinet, political policy, finance, local self-government, international relations, colonies, population, property, resources, production, industry, construction, power, circulation of currency, social policy, labor, unemployment problems, and the rationalization of industry. In all sections one finds well written and surprisingly comprehensive essays explaining important events and trends. These are well documented with statistics and references to further suggested reading. A chronology for the decade is appended. So excellent is this work for most purposes of general factual information, that it frequently makes unnecessary reference to the regular yearbooks for the period of the 1920s. 232. Showa [ ] nen shi & [ ] _ t (History of the year [ ]), T6ky6, Nenshi Kank6kai, 1929+[? ]. Annual. A prewar historical series edited by Miyake Eijiro and Abe Isoo which affords excellent general coverage of the early years of Sh6wa with a separate volume for each year from 1928 on. Each volume opens with a description of the year in world politics, describing the domestic and international affairs of all major countries. Part 2 treats Japanese politics and devotes major sections to politics at the national level (Diet, political parties and the party struggle, national administration and the police, finance, and colonial affairs), local government and politics, military affairs and foreign relations. Important events and trends in each field are briefly and factually summarized. Excellent statistical tables are included. Part 3 comprises a similar summary and analysis of Japanese economic affairs with detailed treatments of foreign and domestic commerce, industry, etc. Part 4 discusses labor and social movements and contains a good summary of labor's political activities. Further parts cover education and religion; natural sciences; fine arts; sports; social welfare; obituaries of prominent persons who died during the year; and a chronology of important events in Japan and abroad. Some issues also contain special sections on the Manchurian Incident. 233. Yomiuri seiji nenkan * j XL, J4 - (Yomiuri yearbook of politics), T6ky6, Yomiuri Shimbunsha, 1946+. See also Entries: 246, 380, 844, 1733. 3. Statistics Japanese statistical literature is voluminous. Any reasonably complete survey of even the major sources would take far more space than is available in this report. Consequently, only those major sources of general statistical information considered to be of immediate interest to the political scientist are here listed. Grouped with these are a few of the major series of economic statistics for Japan, which the writers also regard as being of primary political importance. Some additional statistical materials of a more specialized nature will also be found elsewhere in this study under appropriate chapter and section headings. A few general words with respect to the quality and limitations of Japanese statistical materials are necessary. Without doubt Japan supplies at present the most detailed, authoritative, and sophisticated statistical records in all of Asia. Beyond this, they are distinctly superior to those of many, if not most, Western countries. However, postwar Japanese statistics for all their merits are subject to the same distortions and inadequacies as those of any other country. They must always be used with caution and discrimination. Prewar Japanese statistics are another matter entirely. They should be used with special caution and cross-checked wherever possible. This applies also to Japanese census materials which predate 1920. This is not to say that most statistical information deriving from the earlier years is to be discounted. Much of it is demonstrably accurate and of great research value, but the user must exercise constant care.
Page 38 38 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE The bulk of Japanese statistical publications is issued by governmental agencies. The most generally useful of these is probably the Nihon teikoku tokei nenkan (Statistical yearbook of the Japanese empire) issued annually since 1882 by the Naikaku T6keikyoku. This sets forth in considerable detail all important statistical information on the Japanese empire. It bears a close resemblance to the Statistical abstract of the United States and is almost equally valuable for reference purposes. An abbreviated, and far less satisfactory, version of this is published by the same agency under the title Nihon teikoku tokei tekiyo (Statistical abstract of the Japanese empire). A convenient summary of comparable data for the entire Meiji era (1868-1912) may be found in the Naikaku Tokeikyoku's Ishin igo teikoku tokei zairyo isan (Classified compilation of statistical materials on the empire since the Restoration [1868]). The basic figures on population, family life, employment, etc. are set forth in the Kokusei ch6sa h6koku (Report on the state of the nation). For certain types of research these reports will prove invaluable. The more specialized sources of statistical information have not been noted in this section. The following general remarks are offered, however, as an indication of the nature and extent of the materials of this sort which are available. Most ministries of the national government publish an annual statistical report on all matters falling within their jurisdiction. The bulletin of the Naimu Daijin Kamb6 Bunshoka entitled Dai Nihon teikoku naimusho tokei hokoku (Statistical bulletin of the Ministry of the Interior), which is cited below, is offered as a typical example of such ministerial publications. Local governments, too, publish comparable statistical reports. All prefectures, for instance, issue annual statistical reports, the majority of which are known as [ ]ken tokeisho ([ ] A,., i t ). Summary versions of these entitled [ ]ken t6kei tekiy6 ([ 1 \ *t) ) or [ ]kensei ichiran ([ ] - j ) are also published. These are further supplemented by a wide variety of special statistical reports, regularly compiled, on such subjects as prefectural population changes, economic conditions, education, police and social affairs. Cities, and even towns or villages, frequently issue comparable reports. The six great cities, for example, — Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, Nagoya and Yokohama-publish annual statistical reviews, and numerous smaller cities, some towns ( W ), and a few villages ( ), and municipal wards ( CO ) do likewise at less frequent intervals. Students interested in a detailed account of the origins, developments, and activities of the Japanese statisticgathering apparatus are referred to two excellent general surveys written by Takano Iwasabur6 and cited above as Entries 162 and 163, or to Entry 254, a comparable account of the history of the Cabinet's Bureau of Statistics. For information about the professional terminology or concepts of Japanese statistics one is referred to Entry 256. 234. Gy6sei Kanrich6 Tokei Kijunkyoku i ~T C ~ t O i 't (Administrative Management Agency, Bureau of Statistical Standards), Tokei j6oho 4_,,- ~ (Statistical reports), T6ky6, Gy6sei Kanrich6, May, 1952+. Monthly. Gives information on the activities of various bureaus and agencies compiling statistics at home and abroad. 235. Homusho -i - (Ministry of Justice) Homu t6kei gepp5o - 4.i K (Monthly bulletin of legal statistics), T6kyo, Homusho, -A - *~, [? ]. Monthly. A quite useful classified bulletin of legal statistics. 236. Keizai Kikakuch6,, -; /, t (Economic Planning Agency), Nihon keizai shihy6o 0 -, 4 (Japanese economic indicators), T6ky6, Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan ChOsa Rippo K6sakyoku (National Diet Library Bureau of Research and Legislative Reference), October, 1951+. Monthly. A monthly publication setting forth the basic statistical indicators in such fields as production and business activity, foreign trade, prices, employment, cost of living, finance, prewar base indices, and national income. 237. Keizai Kikakuch6 Chosabu,J 5/ ~; J ~$ (Economic Planning Agency, Research Department), Keizai gepp6o., -it ~ - (Monthly bulletin of economic affairs), T6kyo, Keizai Kikakucho, Jan., 1948+. Monthly. A compilation of information and statistics on the general trends in Japanese economy such as prices, finance, trade, mining and manufacturing, industry, labor, household economy, food, and agriculture, etc. 238. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan, Chosa Ripp5 Kosakyoku ( 4m J [ t4 X X i - it (National Diet Library, Bureau of Research and Legislative Reference), Kokkai t6kei teiybo ~ A,.- at (The National Diet handbook of statistics), T6kyo, National Diet Library, 1949+. Annual. An exceptionally useful small volume intended primarily as a handy reference for members of the National Diet. Its emphasis is on matters of political and legislative interest. 239. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan, Ch6sa Ripp6 K6sakyoku li -i A I $ ld t' (National Diet Library, Bureau of Research and Legislative Reference), Nihon keizai shihyo.;. -:t 4, A (Japanese economic indicators), Toky6, National Diet Library, Oct., 1951+. Monthly. This is a joint publication with the Economic Planning Agency (Keizai Kikakucho) distributed to all Diet members as reference material bearing upon the dynamics of the national economy. 240. Naikaku Tokeikyoku i ~., ~ (Cabinet, Statistical Office), Ishin igo Teikoku t6kei zairyo isan ~ / 0 g at > -it t +^ X ^ (Classified compilation of statistical materials on the Empire since the Restoration [1868]), Tokyo, Naikaku Tokeikyoku, 1912-13, 4v. An excellent work covering much significant statistical information for the Meiji period [1868-1912] in chronological fashion. Volumes 1 and 4 are devoted to the statistics of population, both static and dynamic; volume 2 treats the statistics on private property; while volume 3 covers the statistics of crime and criminal jurisprudence.
Page 39 GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS 39 241. Naikaku Tokeikyoku? V A, t j (Cabinet, Statistical Office), Kokusei chosa h6koku (h A a _ -6 (Report on the state of the nation), Toky6, Naikaku Tokeikyoku, 1928+. Irregular. The Japanese completely revised their theory and practice of census taking and statistic gathering in 1920. From 1901 to 1918 they simply cumulated annually the vital statistics of the nation in the old-fashioned manner. In 1920, however, they added a new emphasis on the static aspects of national statistics, greatly broadened the scope of the earlier coverage, and emerged with the first so-called "Report on the state of the nation (Kokusei chosa hokoku),"1 which purported to be a statistical cross-section of Japan as of the date of the investigation. This 1920 report was then regarded as the basic or extended report, the results of which were subsequently modified or amplified in accordance with further quinquennial and simplified investigations. The data of the basic or 1920 report were issued in several forms and over a considerable period of time. The various volumes and sections thereof included: a national summary, a survey of employment statistics, a study of the composition of normal households, a prefecture-by-prefecture study of the major civil divisions, statistical studies of Japanese at home and abroad, an investigation of the types of national employment, and the state of the nation proper, which includes detailed population statistics. Some of these sections were given speedy and partial preliminary publication under the title Kokusei chosa sokuho (Advance report on the state of the nation). Thereafter the full report under the present title was issued several years later. The first of the so-called simplified or supplementary investigations of the state of the nation was carried out in 1925 and further such simplified investigations have taken place at five year intervals. Their results are also published in preliminary and partial fashion as... sokuh6 and in final form, though less elaborate than the basic 1920 report, as...h6koku. After the regular population census of 1940, the war and its aftermath somewhat altered the normal quinquennial regime of Japanese census taking. There were population censuses taken as of February 22, 1944, Nov. 1, 1945, and April 26, 1946. Thereafter there was a so-called Extraordinary Population Census taken on Oct. 1, 1947, and another one as of Aug. 1, 1948. With the census of Oct. 1, 1950, however, the regular prewar quinquennial regime was restored. Also resumed with the 1955 census was the prewar practice of taking full-dress censuses only every tenth year, and simplified versions thereof in the fifth year thereafter. An idea of coverage may be gained from the 1955 census. Volume I is entitled "Total Population" and sets forth the statistics on population in historical series; by prefectures; by cities and gun; by cities, towns, and villages; and by size groups for all Japan.. A useful appendix sets forth in tabular form information on changes in the names and boundaries of cities, towns, and villages. Volume II constitutes the 1% sample tabulation of statistics on population characteristics such as sex, age, nationality, marital status, labor force status, place of work, industry, occupation and class of worker, and on household and housing. Volume III consists of similar data on a hundred per cent basis compiled separately for each prefecture, while Volume IV will consolidate this information for all Japan. 242. Naikaku T6keikyoku lt- %,d P f (Cabinet, Statistical Office), Nihon Teikoku tokei tekiy6 (Statistical abstract of the Japanese empire), T6kyo, T6ky6 Tokei Ky6kai, 1887+ [? ]. Annual. Bears the subtitle Resum6 statistique de l'empire du Japon. The text is given in both Japanese and French. This is a much abridged and condensed version of Entry 252. It gives summary statistics on the following matters: topography, weather, population, economics, finance, social affairs, business, labor, education, administration of justice, elections, public officials, industry, foreign trade, domestic trade, associations and societies, electricity and gas, transportation, communications, money, weights and measures, banks, insurance, public welfare, hygiene, religion, public works, police, army and navy, Korea, Formosa, Karafuto, Kwantung Leased Territory and the South Seas Mandated Islands. 243. Naimu Daijin Kamb6 Bunshoka \,- 1 z F~ $' 4 A- t $t (Minister of the Interior, Secretariat, Documents Section, Dai Nihon Teikoku Naimush6 t6kei h6koku le g, J ~ t - f 'a,t -ft _ - (Statistical bulletin of the Ministry of the Interior), T6ky6, T6ky6 T6kei Kyokai, 1883+[? ] Annual. A statistical account of all matters falling within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior. It is considerably more detailed than the comparable statistical accounts issued by the Cabinet Statistical Office (Naikaku Tokeikyoku) in these fields. A typical issue contains sections on local government administration and finances, elections, police, civil engineering, sanitation, shrines and temples, publishing, social affairs, labor exchanges, labor and tenancy disputes, awards, the staff and internal administration of the Ministry of the Interior, its budget, nationality and naturalization, historic relics, public lands and buildings, Hokkaido, and, in the older issues, a section on Formosan affairs. The sections on local government are particularly valuable to the political scientist. 244. Naimush6 Bunshoka ~ - 'I A - ( (Ministry of the Interior, Documents Section, Nihon Teikoku kokusei ippan $ f I, - _ (General summary of the condition of the Japanese empire), T6kyo, Isseisha, 1882+ [? ]. Annual. A summary version of the Nihon teikoku tokei nenkan closely resembling the Nihon teikoku tokei tekiyo but lacking the French text. 245. Nihon Keizai Ch6sakai a: '- 4 (Japan Economic Research Society), Nihon keizai shikih6o,w7 tV -A- (Quarterly report on Japanese economy), Toky6, Otsukishoten, 1955+. Quarterly. A Marxist-oriented quarterly compilation of reports and statistics in the field of economics.
Page 40 40 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 246. Nihon keizai nenkan ~;,$ F 1d- (Economic yearbook of Japan), Toky6, Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha, [? ]+. Annual. A standard source for statistics and brief descriptions of major developments in Japanese economy. 247. Nihon Sembai Kosha a F i-W (Japan Monopoly Corporation), Sembai tokei gepp6o ~,,. e 4 (Monthly bulletin of monopoly statistics), Toky6, Nihon Sembai K6sha S6saishitsu Bunshoka, April, 1954+. Monthly. A statistical compilation on production and sales of such government monopolies as tobacco, salt, and camphor. 248. Nihon Tokei Kenkyujo, ed., 8 4,, $ e k i Nihon keizai t6keishf!u 8; it ' 4 (Collection of Japanese economic statistics), T6kyo, Nihon Hy6ron Shinsha, 1958, 13+407pp. A very useful resume of Japanese economic statistics and statistical series since the Meiji Restoration. The work is intended to clarify the history of Japanese economic development in statistical terms. It was prepared under the general supervision of Professor Ouchi Hy6e. 249. Nihon T6kei Fukyuikai 8; i, A- AL (Japanese Association for Popularization of Statistics), Nihon kokusei t6keizui 83; ~ (Japan through statistics and graphs), T6ky6, Nihon Tokei Fukyukai, 1930, 8+15+237+ 2pp. A useful attempt to explain the total development and contemporary circumstances of Japan through graphs and statistics. 250. Okurash6;; ') (Ministry of Finance) and Nihon Gink6 E / At (Bank of Japan), Zaisei keizai t6kei nemp6 V } t -:, -t ~ (Annual report on financial and economic statistics), Toky6, Okura Zaimu Kyokai, 1948, 6+8+11+847pp. A very useful retrospective compilation of public financial and economic data about Japan for the period 1926 -1947. It thus fills many of the wartime gaps in the major annual series. The more detailed monthly series normally cover only the shorter period from January, 1945 to March, 1948. 251. S6rifu, ft,t (Prime Minister's Office), T6kei kara mita Nihon no sugata, - I, ) 1 8 [ $ ' - f"- (Japan, as seen through statistics), Tokyo, Okurash6 Insatsukyoku, 1957, 210pp. An official compilation of graphs and tables descriptive of the major physical, economic, social, political, and cultural aspects of contemporary Japan. 252. S6rifu T6keikyoku A at t it, I -' (Office of Prime Minister, Bureau of Statistics), Nihon t6kei nenkan a,,, i-t 4 - (Statistical yearbook of Japan), T6ky6, Nihon T6kei Ky6kai, 1882-1941, 1949+. Annual. This is the definitive and official collection of statistics on Japan, comparable in general to the Statistical abstract of the United States. The series has undergone several changes in title. Nos. 1-55 were called Nihon teikoku t6kei nenkan, while Nos. 56-59 were entitled Dai Nihon teikoku t6kei nenkan. Publication was discontinued in 1941 due to the war and was not resumed until the appearance of the postwar series in 1949. This first volume in the new series was retrospective and intended to cover the statistical gap existing for the 1941-49 period. It also included a useful summation of the extent of war damage in Japan. The postwar series also differs from earlier numbers in its bilingual format. Data are identified in both English and Japanese. The latest edition presently available, No. 7, is identified as the 1955/56 number, and covers data no later than 1954-55. The table of contents of this issue is largely typical of the series' statistical coverage: land; climate; population; establishments and labor force; agriculture; forestry; fisheries; mining; manufacturing; construction; electricity, gas, and waterworks; indices of production; demand and supply; transportation and communication; domestic and foreign trade; corporations; banking and finance; prices; wages; labor and social security; income and expenditure; housing; national income; public finance and national estates; government employees and elections; education, culture and religion; health and medical care; justice and police; natural disasters and accidents; international statistics; and appendices. 253. Sorifu T6keikyoku, 4 ',, f, (Prime Minister's Office, Bureau of Statistics), Sogo t6kei,, ~O f (Comprehensive statistics), T6kyo, Okurash6 Insatsukyoku, September, 1957+. Quarterly. A handy publication giving official statistical data in economic, social, cultural, and other fields. Each issue has a "special report' section and a "quarterly report". The former gives up-to-date annual or provisional statistics, while the latter collects monthly or quarterly statistics compiled at home and abroad. One of the best sources for basic statistical data concerning Japan. 254. Sorifu Tokeikyoku * 4, iTt (Prime Minister's Office, Bureau of Statistics), S6rifu tokeikyoku hachijunen shiko,, j - t, t \ - -- _ % (An 80 year history of the Bureau of Statistics of the Prime Minister's Office), T6ky6, S6rifu T6keikyoku, 1951, 41+758pp. A detailed history of the Bureau of Statistics from its establishment in 1871 to 1951. 255. Sorifu Tokeikyoku,, 4 k,I, j (Prime Minister's Office, Bureau of Statistics), T6kei gepp6o, t ~ 4 (Monthly bulletin of statistics), T6kyo, Okurash6 Insatsukyoku, November, 1947+. Monthly Sets forth official statistical data such as population estimates, surveys of the movements of registered
Page 41 GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS 41 inhabitants, labor force surveys, the consumer price index, retail price survey, family income and expenditure surveys. A monthly abstract of domestic statistics is also included. English translations appear in every issue. 256. T6keigakujiten._ii ~ ~ - (Dictionary of statistics), T6ky6, Toyokeizai Shimposha, revised ed. 1957, 27+ 1304pp. A general treatment of the history, principles, concepts, and terms of the science of statistics, 257. T6yo Keizai Shimp6sha ~ -+,, -,;f f -.- (Economic Bulletin of the Orient Co.), Meiji Taisho zaisei shoran ~ X- -;, X A t ~ A (Detailed financial survey of the Meiji and Taisho eras [1868-1925]), Tokyo, Toyo Keizai Shimp6sha, 1926. An extremely useful compilation of financial statistics and explanatory text on Japanese public finance from 1868 to 1925 issued in honor of the thirtieth anniversary of the T6y6 Keizai Shimp6sha. It includes an historical survey of the development and contemporary condition of Japanese public finance followed by a section on national finances which covers revenues and expenditures, taxes, public works, special accounts, military expenses, and disaster and emergency expenses. A section on local finance gives overall revenue and expenditure figures, plus a separate breakdown for every major civil division i.e. D6fuken and every city (sht, Revenue and expenditure figures for towns and villages are given collectively by prefectures. Detailed comparative tables also treat the financial history and development of Tokyo, the national debt, local debts, etc. Appendices set forth a history of taxation, a historical list of important financial officials, a financial chronology, and tables of state and local government-owned properties. There is an index. 258. Tsusho Sangyosho 'S I i, ' (Ministry of International Trade and Industry), Keizai d6k6 shiry6o X. - t *M; At (Data on economic trends), Toky6, Sh6k6 Kaikan, October, 1956+. Monthly. A convenient compendium of current information on general economic trends in Japan plus separate accounts for such major industries as coal, steel, iron, and petroleum. See also Entries: 207, 851, 880. 4. Chronologies Chronologies comprise another useful type of reference work, especially if they concentrate on developments of political significance. Compilations of this sort are very common in Japan, and the student is undoubtedly familiar with their general characteristics. They are a tabular and chronological presentation of important events and developments, usually divided into major sections for each year in the period covered with subsections for each month, or even day, when detail warrants. Dates are indicated according to a variety of calendars and systems, e.g. the Japanese and occidental calendars, regnal years, sh6gunal years, zodiacal seasons, the Chinese and Korean systems of regnal dates, etc. Data entered in the proper chronological section are purely factual, recording such matters as the fall of a cabinet, selection of a new cabinet and the identity of the several ministers, deaths of notable personages, economic, financial or commercial events of significance, etc. Information of this sort is, of course, of limited value, but the student will find it extremely convenient and time-saving to have at hand a reliable chronology. It serves many of the purposes of an American almanac plus a variety of others. In selecting a chronology, several points should be borne in mind. Reliability and accuracy of data are, of course, a prime requisite. All of the works listed below are generally satisfactory in this respect. Intensity and detail of coverage are a second important consideration. Political scientists tend to be interested primarily in post-Restoration developments, and will usually find chronologies specializing in this period to be the most detailed and satisfactory for their particular purposes. In general, as the chronology becomes more restricted in point of time and subject matter, the intensity of its coverage tends to increase. Finally, the utility of the chronology is greatly enhanced by a good subject and name index. This is a point to watch, since far from all chronologies are so indexed. Several chronologies merit special notice. One of the best is a two-volume work compiled by the Toy6 Keizai Kenkyfijo entitled Sakuin seiji keizai dainempyo (Chronological index of politics and economics). Volume 1 covers the period 1841-1943 in great detail with emphasis. on political developments, while volume 2 is an exhaustive index of all names and events mentioned in volume 1. Other less intensive chronologies which also stress political history and governmental affairs are those listed below by Tsumagi Chuta and Sakamoto Tatsunosuke. For less specialized purposes the great seven-volume Kokushi dainempy6 (Chronology of Japanese history) by Heki Shoichi is probably the best of the general chronologies. Volumes four to six are devoted to the years 1868-1934, while volume 7 comprises a very satisfactory index. For postwar times Entry 261 by Nishioka Toranosuke is recommended. 259. Heki Sh6ichi -, Kokushi dainempy6 lI t 4-. (Chronology of Japanese history), Toky6, Heibonsha, 1935, 7v. One of the best and most detailed of the numerous chronologies of Japanese history. Historical events from the mythical foundation of the Empire to 1934 are presented in tabular form. Convenient column heads give the regnal, zodiacal, Japanese and Western calendar dates of all events. Volumes 4-6 cover the period from 1868 to December 1934. Volume 7 is a general index to the set.
Page 42 42 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 260. Nihon seiji nempo e $-. ~; - (Japanese political chronology), T6ky6, Sh6wa Shob6, 1942-[? ]. Annual. 261. Nishioka Toranosuke _ A R Shin Nihon-shi nempy6o 5 e 3 __ 4 (New chronology of Japanese history), T6ky6, Chuo K6ronsha, 1955, 638pp. An excellent chronology treating Japanese history from the beginnings to 1955. The coverage is most intensive for recent times. In 1955, for example, items covered include: foreign and domestic affairs, the emperor, prime minister, and the chief executives of Korea and of the two Chinas (Communist and Nationalist), and their dates in office. Dating is both by the Western calendar system and by regnal and zodiacal years. Appendices set forth special chronologies of Japanese archaeology, high-ranking officials since 1867, cabinets, political parties, and party officials. There is an index. 262. Omori Kingor6 /t 4- k E - and Takahashi Sh6ozo 5 ~ A, Saishin Nihon rekishi nempyo - - 4._ t_ 31 t _ (Latest chronology of Japanese history), Tokyo, Sanseid6, 1939, rev. ed., 457+108+177pp. Much of the work deals with matters of purely historical interest, but a large section is also devoted to events since the Restoration. It is, of course, chronologically arranged with dates given by regnal years and from the founding of the empire. A convenient system of columnar heads enables one to tell at a glance the identity of the premier, or of the chairmen of both Houses of the Diet. Membership of the Privy Council is similarly indicated. Frequent and useful marginal annotations are a feature. The body of the work presents in tabular form a great deal of well selected factual information about government officials and important political, economic, and social events down to 1939. A large number of appendices supplement the text with divine, imperial, and shogunal genealogies, the text of several imperial rescripts, tables showing the composition of all ministries and of the imperial household, a chronology of Diet sessions, and a bibliography of reference works arranged by historical periods. A variety of indexes —by emperors, by regnal years chronologically arranged, by regnal years arranged by strokes in initial ideographs, by Chinese regnal years, a name and subject index, and an index of ideographs by strokes — make the work exceptionally easy to use. 263. Otsuki Joden;_ 4 -p V and Inoue Yorikuni 4 e. ~ /, T6zai nempyo 6 (Chronology of the Orient and Occident), T6ky6, Rikug6kan, 1928, rev. ed., 3v. A detailed and excellent chronology of historical events in both east and west from the earliest times to 1927. There is a chronological index in volume 1 and an index of Japanese, Chinese and occidental personal and place names in volume 3. 264. Sakamoto Tatsunosuke t_;i / -_, Nihon teikoku seiji nempy6o &g 4 d & K X (Chronology of Japanese politics), Toky6, Sh6bund6, 1930. Covers Japanese political history to the date of publication with special stress on political parties and the House of Representatives. A chronology of all significant events in connection with proletarian political parties and with the House of Peers is appended. 265. Toyo Keizai Kenkyuijo i -.:; L' f ' (Research Institute of Oriental Economics), Sakuin seiji keizai dainempyo 1 94 3 ia, 6 A_ 2 v (Chronological index of politics and economics), T6ky6, Toyo Keizai Shimposha, 1943, 2v. Probably the most useful of the numerous chronologies from the standpoint of the political scientist interested primarily in the post-Restoration period. Volume 1 comprises the chronology proper, arranged in the usual manner with major sections for each year and subsections for months and days of the month with very extensive lists of all important events entered in the proper subsection. It covers the period 1841 - March 1943. The pre-Restoration period is covered in relatively sketchy, but quite adequate, fashion, the postRestoration period in elaborate detail. It is the second volume which renders this chronology of outstanding merit. It constitutes an exhaustive index of all names and events mentioned in Volume 1, and covers the period 1841-1940. Events from 1941 through 1942 are covered in a supplementary index. Appendices list the names, terms of office, and other data on all members of the House of Peers and the House of Representatives since their establishment, the dates of all general elections, dissolutions and end of parliamentary terms, and a comparative table of zodiacal and new and old calendar dates. 266. Tsuji Zennosuke __._ 4_, Dai Nihon nempyo a a 4 - L (Chronology of Japan), T6kyo, Dai Nihon Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1943, 5th rev. ed., 390+84pp. A less detailed but well organized chronology covering important events from the emperor Jimmu to 1940. Contains the usual tables of comparative dates in Japanese, Chinese, Manchurian, Western and zodiacal calendars. For the modern period it notes chronologically the names and terms of office of the premiers, important events and the deaths of prominent persons. Appended tables set forth imperial genalogies, rosters of Meiji officials, and a complete list of all cabinet members and their terms in office. See also Entries: 46, 117, 351
Periodicals
pp. 43-51
Page 43 CHAPTER III PERIODICALS Japan is one of the world's most literate countries and nowhere is this more apparent than in the volume of her periodical publications. Both in numbers and in circulation figures the Japanese periodical press has few rivals. Consequently, it has been possible in a treatment of this kind only to select a relatively few of the most important newspapers and journals for specific notice. It is hoped that the following lists include most of the periodicals which are apt to be of primary utility to political scientists, but the writers are uncomfortably aware that their standards of selection were sometimes quite arbitrary and that several distinctly useful publications may well have been overlooked. 1. Daily Newspapers Students of Japanese politics are fortunate in having files of daily newspapers which stretch back to the early seventies of the last century. Until very recently no such complete file has been available in this country but, as of this writing (November 1959), the following complete files on microfilm are being offered for sale: Asahi Shimbun (1923-1953), Hochi Shimbun (1872-1940), and Yomiuri Shimbun (1872-1940). Sets of one or the other will shortly be on deposit at a few major American libraries. Among Japanese daily newspapers one thinks first of the so-called "Big Three," the Asahi, Mainichi, and Yomiuri. All are national papers with three or more regional editions and circulations of several millions apiece. It will also be noticed that the first two of these, the Asahi and Mainichi, publish a so-called shukusatsuban or reduced-size edition. This is intended primarily for libraries and appears in bound monthly editions in a format substantially smaller than the regular editions. Due to this reduction in size it is somewhat difficult to read, but has the enormous advantage of containing an excellent chronology of important events for the month in question plus a classified index of the contents of the paper for that month. In addition to these great national dailies, there are many important regional, metropolitan, and local papers in Japan. The largest and most important of these are noted below. Attention is also called to the existence of two excellent dailies specializing in economic affairs but also containing news of general and political interest. These are the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Entry 278) and the Sangyo Keizai Shimbun (Entry 282). Both resemble the Wall Street Journal in a number of ways, and both publish shukusatsuban. There are also in Japan a number of English language dailies, the more important of which are listed below. Of these The Japan Times (Entry 273) is probably the most satisfactory for political scientists. 267. The Asahi Evening News, Tokyo, Asahi Shimbunsha (Tokyo Headquarters), Jan. 20, 1954+. Daily 268. Asahi shimbun A a E -' (Asahi newspaper), T6ky6, T6ky6 Asahi Shimbunsha, July 10, 1888+. Daily. The best known of Japan's great daily newspapers, and, for research purposes, the most generally satisfactory one. In addition to the basic Tokyo edition, the firm also publishes regional editions at Osaka, Jan. 25, 1879+; Kokura (Seibu), Feb. 11, 1935+; and Nagoya (Chubu), Nov. 25, 1935+. Since Sept. 1, 1940 the proper title of all has been Asahi Shimbun with the regional title appearing under this. On June 1, 1959 the Asahi also inaugurated a facsimile edition in Hokkaido. 269. Asahi shimbun, shukusatsuban _ B A 4 ^, &\ _ (Asahi newspaper, reduced-size edition), T6ky6, Asahi Shimbunsha, August, 1919+. Monthly. This is a complete and exact duplicate of the daily edition of the Asahi shimbun. A month's editions are compiled, reduced to a smaller format on better quality paper, bound, and issued as a reduced size edition for libraries and foreign subscribers. It is somewhat difficult to read as a result of this reduction, but has the great advantage of being indexed. The first pages of each monthly edition are given over to a quite satisfactory subject index. The prewar title was Toky6 Asahi shimbun, shukusatsuban. 270. Chubu Nihon shimbun t I / $ t t (Central Japan news), Nagoya, Chfibu Nihon Shimbunsha, Sept., 1942+. Daily. A major local paper in the Chubu or Central Japan area with its center in Nagoya. 271. Chugoku shimbun t ^ @ 01] (Chugoku Press), Hiroshima, Chuigoku Shimbunsha, May 5, 1892+. Daily. A major local newspaper circulating throughout the Chuigoku area. 272. Hokkaido shimbun Ad -. ~ ~ (Hokkaido news), Sapporo, Hokkaid6 Shimbunsha, Nov. 1, 1942+. Daily. A major regional newspaper in the Hokkaid6 area. 43
Page 44 44 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 273. The Japan Times, Tokyo, Japan Taimususha, March 22, 1897+. Daily. One of the major English language papers in Japan and perhaps the best for political news. It was formerly known as the Nippon Times. Like several of the major Japanese-language dailies, the Japan Times also publishes a monthly reduced-size edition. 274. Kahoku shimpo -; Au b -_ (Kahoku news), Sendai, Kahoku Shimposha, January 17, 1897+. Daily. A major regional newspaper in the T6hoku area. "Kahoku" indicates the area north of the Shirakawa river. 275. The Mainichi, T and, kyo and Osaka, Mainichi Shimbunsha, April 12, 1922+. Daily. One of the major English language papers in Japan with a total recent circulation of upwards of 100,000. 276. Mainichi shimbun 4-, - ~ (Mainichi newspaper), Osaka, Mainichi Shimbunsha, Feb. 20, 1876+. Daily. The Mainichi Newspaper Co., together with the Asahi and the Yomiuri Newspaper Co. has long dominated the newspaper field in Japan. Prior to Jan. 1, 1943, the Tokyo edition (Feb. 21, 1872+. ) was entitled T6ky6 nichihi-nihi shimbun. In that year the former Osaka mainichi shimbun dropped the Osaka from its title and both the Osaka and Tokyo editions became known as Mainichi shimbun. Regional editions are published under the same name at Moji (Seibu), Feb. 11, 1935+; and Nagoya (Chuibu), Feb. 1, 1950+. On May 1, 1959, Mainichi also startded an edition in Hokkaido. 277. Mainichi shimbun, shukusatsuban - i *- r~l A( '1.K(Mainichi newspaper, reduced-size edition), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, January, 1950+. Monthly. A reduced size monthly compilation of the Mainichi's daily editions comparable to the Asahi shimbun, shukusatsuban. This also carries a monthly index plus a chronology of important events. The prewar title was Osaka mainichi shimbun, shukusatsuban. 278. Nihon keizai shimbun - 1 Ad:4 r] (Japan economic news), Toky6, Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha, Dec. 3, 1876+. Daily. Originally called the "Chugai sh6gy6 shimpo, " the present title was adopted in 1946. It is the most important and authoritative of the newspapers featuring the economic and financial aspects of the news, but also runs regular and excellent accounts of political developments. 279. Nihon keizai shimbun, shukusatsuban a E -/ t j M- r A,_, (Japan economic news, reduced-size edition), Tokyo, Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha, April, 1949+. Monthly. 280. Nishi Nihon shimbun k 0; t ~ (Western Japan news), Fukuoka, Nishi Nihon Shimbunsha, March 24, 1877+. Daily. A major regional paper published in northern Kyushu. 281. Osaka shimbun,K rf t Gl (Osaka news), Osaka, Osaka Shimbunsha, July 9, 1920+. Daily. A major local paper for the Osaka metropolitan area. 282. Sangyo keizai shimbun f ~ -, -: fl (Industrial and economic news), Osaka, Sangy6 Keizai Shimbunsha, June 20, 1933+. Daily. A major paper specializing in economic news, but also devoting considerable space to political and general events. The Tokyo edition of this paper has been known as Sankei jiji ( j t ) since Nov. 1, 1955. 283. Sangyo keizai shimbun, shukusatsuban, 4, -,e:e 4 ^,'1 A t_(Industrial and economic news,reduced-size edition), Toky6, Sangyo Keizai Shimbunsha, January, 1951+. Monthly. 284. Sankei jiji q,,~. (Industrial and economic review),i T6ky6, Sangy6 Keizai Shimbun, T6ky6 Honsha, June 20, 1933+. Daily. The sister newspaper of Osaka's Sangy6 keizai shimbun. The title of Sankei jiji was adopted on Nov. 1, 1955. 285. Sany6 shimbun A F e- M (Sany6 Press), Okayama, Sany6 Shimbunsha, January 4, 1879+. Daily. A major local newspaper circulating throughout the Chugoku area. 286. Toky6 nichi-nichi shimbun,,f E ~ ~ ~] (T6ky6 daily newspaper), T6ky6 Nichi-nichi Shimbunsha, 1872-1943. Daily. An old and famous Japanese newspaper which, before the war, was controlled by the Osaka Mainichi Company and served as a companion paper to that company's great Osaka daily. The title changed in 1943 to Mainichi Shimbun (q.v.). 287. Toky6 shimbun,,, - a (Toky6 news), Tokyo, T6ky6 Shimbunsha, Oct. 1, 1942+. Daily. A major local paper for the Toky6 Metropolitan area. 288. Yomiuri shimbun 4 - 0 T1 (Yomiuri newspaper), Toky6, Yomiuri Shimbunsha, Nov. 2, 1874+. Daily. The Yomiuri is the third of Japan's big three daily newspapers (Asahi, Mainichi, and Yomiuri), and the
Page 45 PERIODICALS 45 most popular and conservative of the three. On Nov. 1, 1952 the company established an Osaka edition known as the Osaka yomiuri shimbun. From 1942-46 the Tokyo edition was known as Yomiuri-h6chi. On May 1, 1959 an edition was launched in Hokkaido. See also Entries: 1179, 1185. 2. Periodicals of General Coverage These so-called sogo zasshi or journals of general coverage contain some of the most interesting and useful materials on contemporary Japanese politics which the student is apt to encounter. As a matter of fact a strong case could be made for the proposition that they are the most valuable of all printed sources for researchers interested primarily in practical politics and the political process. All of them have a major interest in current politics and political figures, and regularly devote sizable portions of their space to articles and symposia on these subjects. Since they pay very well, Japan's best scholars and journalists write for them as regularly as possible. The majority of them also have more or less fixed political creeds or lines which are usually reflected in both their political articles and editorials. In most cases these reflect socialistic tendencies. There does not seem to be any significant monthly journal of general coverage which espouses the conservative cause in politics. Students should watch and make allowance for such biases. Among the journals of general coverage Chuo K6ron, Kaiz6, (until its demise in February 1955), Sekai, and Shis6 are probably most useful for political scientists. All are "progressive" in their political views with Sekai and Shiso standing the farthest to the left. A relatively new development in Japan is the enormously increased popularity during the past two or three years of weekly journals of news and opinion, called shfkanshi or shukan zasshi. As of October 1958, for example, there were no less than thirty-two of these being published as compared with only five in 1956. This sudden spurt is generally attributed to the rapid growth of chukan bunka or "middle-brow" as opposed to "highbrow" culture in postwar Japan. Most of these are extremely popular in their appeal, but a few are of distinctly superior quality, especially the new Asahi Janaru (Entry 289), and regularly published materials of interest and value to political scientists. A few of the best of these weeklies are noted below. 289. Asahi Janaru I a -; - -,/' (Asahi Journal), T6ky6, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1959+. Weekly. A new weekly newsmagazine of superior quality. 290. Bungei shunju _ - St (Literary annals), Tokyo, Bungei Shunju Shinsha, Jan., 1923+. Monthly. A primarily literary journal which regularly publishes a few articles or symposia on political issues and figures of current interest. 291. Chuo koron ' / i (The central review), Tokyo Chuo Koronsha, August 1887+. Monthly. A semi-popular monthly journal of very high quality frequently compared to the Atlantic monthly or Harpers among United States publications. Its coverage is general, ranging from literature and the fine arts to science, but it has always had a strong interest in contemporary political problems. Its present political philosophy is "progressive" and Marxist-oriented. Japan's best political scientists and academic specialists, as well as prominent politicians, frequently write for its columns. Each issue usually has several leading articles on political and governmental matters, and on international politics. These are frequently supplemented by symposia of leading authorities on issues of current political importance. 292. Kaiz6 e_ _. (Reconstruction), Tokyo Kaizosha, April 1919-1955. Monthly. Together with Chuo koron (q.v.), this was the most important of Japan's journals of general coverage. It is frequently compared with the Atlantic monthly or Harpers in the United States. Its interests range from science to literature with a very strong section on current politics in every issue. Its postwar political views were "progressive" and many of Japan's most prominent academic and political figures wrote frequently for its columns. It is one of the best sources for varied and important views on all important Japanese political problems and events. 293. Riron P a (Theory), Rironsha, Tokyo, May, 1947-Dec., 1954. Quarterly. A left-wing sogo zasshi similar to Shis6 or Riso, which served as the organ of the Minshushugi Kagakusha Ky6kai. 294. Riso X.. (Ideal), Tokyo, Risosha, 1927+. Monthly. A magazine for "intellectuals" similar to Shiso. Each issue is usually devoted to a serious discussion of some important problems of intellectual or political concern. 295. Sande mainichi Q: -- - a (Sunday mainichi), Tokyo, Osaka, Moji, and Nagoya, Mainichi Shimbunsha, April, 1922+. Weekly. One of the oldest and most popular weeklies in Japan, though devoting somewhat less space to politics than does its major rival, the Shukan asahi. 296. Sekai; ~- (The world), Tokyo, Iwanami, January, 1946+. Monthly. Together with Chuo koron and the late Kaizo, this is generally regarded as one of the most important of the so-called sogo zasshi, especially from the standpoint of political coverage. Most of its space is devoted to
Page 46 46 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE serious discussions of current political or social interest. Especially noteworthy is the section regularly entitled "Nihon no ushio O o; -4% (The Japanese current)" which usually contains four essays on pressing problems. Quite frequently a major section of the magazine will be given over to collections of articles or symposia on particularly important issues. Its editorial policy, normally of rather relentlessly left-wing persuasion, appears to have become moderate in recent issues. 297. Shakai shiso kenkyu By j.. e L (Studies in social thought), T6kyo, Shakai Shis6 Kenkyukai, Sept., 1948+. Monthly. A serious magazine concerned with the propagation of a "personalist" brand of socialism based primarily on respect for fundamental human rights. 298. Shiso... (Ideas), Tokyo, Iwanami, October, 1921+. Monthly. A s6g6 zasshi, intended primarily for sophisticated intellectual readers, and devoting a great deal of attention to current political problems. It frequently appropriates most of its space to symposia focussed on some political or social issues of outstanding importance. Its editorial persuasions are in general "progressive." 299. Shiso no kagaku.,. e; (Science of thought), Toky6, January 1959+. Monthly. A new and interesting journal of semi-philosophic bent with many articles of political interest. Nagai Michio, Hidaka Rokuro, and Tsurumi Shunsuke are among the more prominent contributors. A few scattered issues appeared before January, 1959. 300. Shukan Asahi A_ o\ 4J (Weekly Asahi), T6kyo, Osaka, Kokura, and Nagoya, Asahi Shimbunsha, February, 1922+. Weekly. One of the best of the weekly newsmagazines intended for popular consumption, somewhat reminiscent of Time in its coverage. About a third of its space is normally devoted to political news and commentary, both national and international. 301. Shukan Sankei A PI -. f {t (Weekly Sankei), Tokyo, Sangyo Keizai Shimbunsha, February, 1952+. Weekly. Very similar in general content to the other popular weekly newsmagazines, but it usually devotes less space to political issues. The columns "Weekly radar," and "Topics of the world" are of occasional political interest however. 302. Shukan Yomiuri IL iJ il. (Weekly Yomiuri), Tokyo, Yomiuri Shimbunsha, 1943. Weekly. A very popular weekly magazine similar to Shukan Sankei. The column called "Topics of today" is often of political interest. See also Entry: 1187. 3. Law and Political Science Periodicals It is customary in Japan for every major department of law or political science and every society representing a particular branch or field of law or political science to publish its own journal. The result is a spate of publications with which no one can hope to become familiar. Few Japanese scholars attempt to follow more than a very few of these journals which happen to be of particular interest to them. Most are in fact "captive publications" intended almost exclusively to provide a means of publishing the research of the members of the faculty or society directly concerned. This does not necessarily mean, however, that an eminent scholar's best or most interesting studies will automatically appear in his department's or society's house journal. As a matter of fact, if they possess sufficient general interest or appeal, they will probably be published in one of the periodicals of general coverage discussed above. These provide both a more impressive and more lucrative outlet than does the average departmental organ. A steadily increasing amount of scholarship of interest and value to the foreign student is, however, appearing in these journals, and some familiarity with them is becoming more and more indispensable. It is quite impossible to speak with any authority about the comparative merits of this type of professional periodical. It would probably be agreed that the Kokka gakkai zasshi (Entry 345) is the senior and most important journal in the field of political science. Beyond this, the organs of the largest and most eminent university departments and professional societies are usually held in the highest regard. Note that this section includes only journals of general coverage within the fields of law and political science or those for which no more specialized category is available in this bibliography. Journals of more specialized reference are for the most part listed under the appropriate chapters below. 303. Doshisha hogaku | -A I (The Doshisha law review), Kyoto, Doshisha Hogakkai, January 1919+. Bimonthly. Primarily a law review, but also publishes quite a few articles of specifically political interest. Its articles on Japanese constitutional law are often excellent. Some issues contain a review section devoted to lengthy analytical criticisms of two or three new Japanese books. Another section is devoted to summaries and comments on recent American and European legal and political writings.
Page 47 PERIODICALS 47 304. Gakushuin Daigaku seikei gakubu nempo ' V F[ Ae Hi -$[ (Gakushuin University, Annals of the Department of Economics and Political Science), Tokyo, Gakushuin Daigaku Seikei Gakkai, Dec., 1953+. Annual. 305. Handai hogaku V. -K 4 (Osaka University law review), Osaka, Osaka Daigaku Hogakkai, Yuhikaku, December, 1951+. Quarterly. Organ of the Faculty of Law of Osaka University. 306. Hanzaigaku zasshi IL ~, i (Journal of criminology), Tokyo, Nihon Hanzai Gakkai, September, 1928+. Bimonthly. Organ of the Japanese Association of Criminology. 307. Hikakuho kenkyu _ -;, tj (Studies in comparative law), Tokyo, Hikakuho Gakkai, October, 1950+. Semiannual. Organ of the Japanese Association of Comparative Law. 308. Hikakuho zasshi tb -A -, ~ (Journal of comparative law), Tokyo, Nihon Hikakuho Kenkyujo. Formerly the organ of the Franco-Japanese Legal Society, an offshoot of the Maison Franco-Japonaise, this has become since 1951 a publication of the Nihon Hikakuho Kenkyujo. 309. Hitotsubashi ronso - f ~ [_ (Hitotsubashi review), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, January, 1938+. Monthly. An organ of Hitotsubashi University which is primarily concerned with economic subjects but occasionally runs articles of political interest as well. 310. Hogakkai ronshu A-: if 4 ~ ~ (Review of Legal association), Sapporo, Hokkaido Daigaku Hogakkai, June, 1954+. Quarterly. Organ of the Law Faculty of Hokkaido University. 311. H6gaku - O (Jurisprudence), Tokyo, Ryosho Fukyukai, January 1932+. Quarterly. Organ of the Legal Society of Tohoku University. 312. Hogaku kenkyu -Ai ~ J J (Studies of law), Tokyo, Keto Tsushin, 1922+. Monthly. Organ of the Legal Research Society (Official English name: Association for the Study of Law and Politics) of the Faculty of Law of Keio University. 313. Hogaku kyokai zasshi - A P,' &, iAt (Journal of the law association), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1884+. Monthly. Organ of the Law Association of Tokyo University, and one of the oldest and best known of Japanese legal journals. It usually carries two or three leading articles, which are sometimes of considerable political interest. Occasionally a section entitled "Materials" reprints the text of important foreign or domestic laws or bills. Each issue contains a brief review of new publications, a section entitled "News of the scholarly world" giving information and comment on academic developments, research, meetings, and personalia in Japan and abroad, and a section commenting on recent judicial decisions. There is a general index for volumes 1-50 (1884-1931) issued in 1932. 314. Hogaku ronshu -A Y 4; (Journal of legal essays), Suita City, Kansai Daigaku Jimbun Kagaku Kenkyujo, February, 1951+. Bimonthly. Organ of the Faculty of Law of Kansai University. Its predecessor Kansai Daigaku kenkyu ronshu.J a A 4 H sj* f dates from 1934, but was discontinued during the war after the 14th issue. After the war publication was resumed under the title, Jimbun kagaku ronshui A _ k - ~ A, but was subsequently changed to the present title. 315. Hogaku ronso -7A O f _ (Law review), Kyoto, Yuhikaku, January 1919+. Bimonthly. Organ of the Law Society of Kyoto University and one of Japan's best law reviews. It succeeds the older Kyoto Hogakkai zasshi (q.v.). Each issue contains three or four lengthy leading articles, one of which is frequently devoted to a subject of specifically political or international importance. Those on legal theory and administrative law are often outstanding. There is also a section on "Criticism and review" which comments on current problems or reviews a few new books, a section commenting on recent judicial decisions, and a miscellaneous news section noting professional meetings and news. 316. H6gaku shimpo -A 4f - - (Law bulletin), Tokyo, Chuo Daigaku Hogakkai, April, 1891+. Monthly. Organ of the Law Faculty of Chuo University. Each number from vol. 19, no. 2 (1909) to vol. 39, no. 1 (1929) contains a review section entitled "Hosei keizai rondai (Legal, political, and economic topics)" devoted to reviews of new publications and writings in these fields. There is also a substantial section devoted to comment and criticism of recent court decisions.
Page 48 48 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 317. Hogaku shirin -; 4. {4 (A forest of thoughts on law), Tokyo, Hosei Daigaku, November 1899+. Quarterly. Organ of the Faculty of Law of Hosei University. There are frequent articles of political interest. 318. Hogaku zasshi -. iO t (Law journal), Osaka, Osaka Shiritsu Daigaku Hogakkai, 1954+. Quarterly. The organ of the Law Faculty of Osaka Metropolitan University. 319. Horei Fukyukai k 4f i- k (Society for Propagation of Laws and Ordinances), Toki no horei 0 -;; (Current laws and ordinances), Tokyo, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, November, 1950+. 3 times a month. A popular law review carrying a variety of articles including commentaries on current laws and ordinances, explanations of legal terms, reviews of judicial decisions, and occasional articles of specifically political interest. 320. Horitsu hyoron - t 4i; ' (Legal review), Tokyo, Horitsu Hyoronsha, 1912+[? ]. Monthly. Particularly good for its summaries of, and comments on Supreme Court decisions and its extensive coverage of current legal literature, including articles in other scholarly journals. 321. Horitsu jiho q-; 4 -it (Law bulletin), Tokyo Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, December 1929+. Monthly. Contains a number of valuable features. The section on "New Laws and Ordinances" gives a complete index of all new laws and ordinances, with important laws treated in some detail. The section on "Research Materials" performs a similar service for Diet proceedings and bills before both houses. A third section summarizes all important judicial decisions, including those of the Court of Administrative Litigation. A section devoted to reviews covers new books and also lists periodical articles on legal subjects. Postwar issues usually carry articles of political interest. This is one of the best general legal journals. 322. Horitsu no hiroba {-; i V v ~ i" (The legal forum), Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai, October, 1948+. Monthly. A journal for law students and the general public. 323. Horitsu shimbun -A At r ^] (Legal news), Tokyo, Horitsu Shimbunsha, September 24, 1900-November 25, 1943. Irregular (ranging from weekly to 12 times a month). A professional newsletter devoted mainly to judicial decisions and recently enacted laws. 324. Horitsu shimbun -;~ 4 4 1] (Legal news), Tokyo, Horitsu Shimbunsha, May 25, 1956+. Weekly. Not to be mistaken for the original Horitsu shimbun, but is a successor publication to Hoso shimbun (q.v.). It carries news on current judicial decisions of various courts, short legal essays, and other news of legal circles. 325. Hosei kenkyu -A i -_1 (Studies of law and politics), Fukuoka, Hosei Gakkai, 1931+. Quarterly. Organ of the Society for the Study of Law and Politics of the University of Kyushu. 326. Hosei ronshu i- (.-t t (Journal of law and politics), Nagoya, Nagoya Daigaku Hogakubu, March, 1951+. Irregular. The organ of the Faculty of Law of Nagoya University. 327. Hoseishi Gakkai -;_A *\ At (Association of Legal History), Hoseishi kenkyu -i I'J _t I (Studies in legal history), Tokyo, Sobunsha, 1951+. Annual. The organ of the Japanese Association of Legal History, and the outstanding journal in this field. Articles on Western, Oriental, and Japanese legal history are included. There is also a substantial section devoted to reviews and lists of both books and articles in the field of legal history. 328. Hoshakaigaku -; id /~ ~ (Legal sociology), Tokyo, Nihon Hoshakai Gakkai, Tokyo. Yuhikaku, 1951+. Annual. Organ of the Japanese Association of Legal Sociology. The articles on legal history and sociology and upon reports of field research in these fields are of particular interest. Volumes 2, 3, and 5 contain sizable lists of literature in the field of legal sociology. 329. Hoso jiho -A t t -f (Journal of lawyers' association), Tokyo, Hosokai, November, 1908-1923. Monthly. A predecessor of the Hosokai zasshi and successor to Hoso kiji. 330. Hoso kiji -{ ti e + (Lawyers' record), Tokyo, Hosokai, December, 1891-1908. Monthly. The present Hosokai zasshi (q.v.) under an earlier title. 331. Hoso koron -;~ ~ h ~ (Lawyers' forum), Tokyo, Nihon Bengoshi Kyokai, July, 1897+. Quarterly. Organ of the Bar Association of Japan. Its title was changed to Hoso hokoku -; I - 1 lI (Patriotic lawyers) during the war, but resumed its original title in June, 1946.
Page 49 PERIODICALS 49 332. Hoso shimbun,-f ~ f'I (Lawyers' news), Tokyo, Hoso Shimbunsha, October, 1946-1956. Monthly. Successor to the original Horitsu shimbun and with the same type of coverage. 333. Hosokai zasshi - '_ t *ix - (Lawyers' journal), Tokyo, Shihosho-nai Hosokai, April 1923+. Monthly. Organ of the Hosokai, a society composed of former and present officials of the Ministry of Justice for the purpose of aiding the progress and development of judicial affairs and studying civil, criminal, and other laws. The journal under its present title is the direct successor to the older Hos6 kiji and Hoso jih6 (q.v.). Each issue contains notices of all new laws and ordinances and reviews all judicial decisions of any moment, including those of the Court of Administrative Litigation. 334. Hotetsugaku nempo -~\ 4, ~ - (Annals of legal philosophy), Tokyo, Nihon Hotetsu Gakkai, May, 1947+. Annual. Organ of the Japanese Association of Legal Philosophy. 335. Ho to keizai -t t i -;- (Law and economics), Kyoto, Ritsumeikan Shuppambu, January, 1934-[? ]. Monthly. A publication of Ritsumeikan University which has been replaced by Ritsumeikan h6gaku. 336. Ho to seiji -i ~ e (Law and politics), Nishinomiya, Kansai Gakuin Daigaku Hosei Gakkai, December, 1949+. Quarterly. Organ of the Law and Politics Association of Kansai Gakuin University. 337. Jimbutsu orai A 07t - (Comings-and-goings of people), Tokyo, Jimbutsu Oraisha, January, 1952+. Monthly. Similar to Seikai orai with emphasis on prominent individual figures, often political. 338. Jiyu to seigi ~ ~ ~ -t (Freedom and justice), Tokyo, Nihon Bengoshi Rengokai, January, 1950+. Monthly. A professional journal dealing with the courts and related problems, and published by the Japan Lawyers Association. 339. Jurisuto - ' F (The Jurist), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, December, 1951+. Semi-monthly. A popular semi-professional law review for students and lawyers. Occasionally carries articles of major political interest. 340. Keiho zasshi -tJ A: ig (Journal of criminal law), Tokyo, Nihon Keiho Gakkai (Distributed by Yuhikaku), June, 1950+. Quarterly. Organ of the Japanese Association of Criminal Law. 341. Kikan horitsugaku $ t\ -:4t f (Quarterly law review), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, Sept., 1947+. Quarterly. A law journal, each issue of which is usually focussed on a particular subject. It is intended for law students. 342. Kobe hogaku zasshi i fi - ~ ~. (Kobe law journal), Kobe, Kobe Hogakkai, 1951+. Quarterly. The organ of the Law Faculty of Kobe University. 343. Koho kenkyu A -i r _ j (Studies of public law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, Nov., 1949+. Semi-annual. The organ of the Japanese Association of Public Law, it succeeds Koho zasshi. No. 20 contains a cumulative index for preceding issues. 344. Koho zasshi ', ~, 4 /. (Journal of public law), Tokyo, Ryosho Fukyukai, January 193 5-[? ]. Monthly. 345. Kokka gakkai zasshi q 4 &t t- (Journal of the political science association), Tokyo, Kokka Gakkai, March, 1887+. Monthly. This is the official organ of the Japanese Political Science Association corresponding to the American Political Science Review. Issues are devoted largely to articles in the fields of public law and political science and represent some of the best scholarship in Japan. There is an excellent book review section. A general index for volumes 1-42 (Nos. 1-499) was published in 1928. 346. Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan, Ch6sa Ripp6 K6sakyoku i/- ~ t 4 ~t -A 9 ~] (National Diet Library, Bureau of Research and Legislative Reference), Refarensu v -7 v~ ~, (Reference), April, 1951+. Monthly. A monthly publication setting forth the results of research carried on both independently and in response to queries from Diet members by the staff of the Bureau of Research and Legislative Reference of the National Diet Library. It provides a very useful means of keeping abreast of current or upcoming matters of legislative interest. 347. Kuho i -A (Journal of aeronautical law), Tokyo, Nihon Kokuho Gakkai, October, 1955+. Annual. Organ of the Aeronautical Law Institute of Japan.
Page 50 50 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 348. Kyoto Hogakkai zasshi. ~ -lN ~ / # it. (Journal of the Kyoto Law Association), Ky6to, Ky6to Teikoku Daigaku Hoka Daigaku-nai Kyoto Hogakkai, January 1906-December 1918. Monthly. This is the predecessor of the Hogaku ronso (q.v.), published by the same Kyoto Law Association of Kyoto Imperial University. Each issue usually publishes four or five leading articles of high quality, frequently on subjects of specificially political interest, a section devoted to comment on recent judicial decisions in the fields of both public and private law, and a section of brief notes on particular legal subjects. 349. Minji sosho zasshi j $ ~ it f (Journal of civil procedure), Ky6to, Horitsu Bunkasha, July, 1954+. Annual. Organ of the Japanese Law of Civil Procedure Association. 350. Minshoho zasshi -i Kn (Journal of civil and commercial law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, January, 1935+. Monthly. A major part of each issue is devoted to comments on and criticism of court decisions. 351. Naikaku Chosashitsu Vt 0 3 il (Cabinet Research Bureau), Ch6sa geppo J _ N ' (Monthly research bulletin), T6ky6, Naikaku Ch6sashitsu, January, 1956+. Monthly. A brief review of developments of official interest or importance within the month plus a chronology. 352. Nihon hogaku - $; t (Japanese jurisprudence), T6kyo, Nihon Daigaku Hogakkai, 1917+. Bi-monthly. Organ of the Law Association of Nihon University. 353. Nihon h6igaku zasshi -J f ~ it, (Journal of Japanese forensic medicine), Toky6, Nihon H6igakkai, 1944+. Bi-monthly. Organ of the Medico-Legal Society of Japan, University of Tokyo (Publication was interrupted in 1944 and resumed in 1948). 354. Nihon kaihokaishi 1;;), t >. (Reports of the Maritime Law Association of Japan), T6kyo, Nihon Kaih6kai, 1916-[? ]. Annual. The organ of the Maritime Law Association. It publishes articles in Japanese, English, and French. 355. Ritsumeikan hogaku it t 4 -4, t (Ritsumeikan law review), Ky6to, Ritsumeikan Daigaku Jimbun Kagaku Kenkyusho, March, 1952+. Quarterly. The organ of the Ritsumeikan Law Association, and successor to H6 to keizai. 356. Seiji keizai ronso i)L;, *, A L_ (Journal of politics and economics), Tokyo, Kokudosha, November, 1949+. Quarterly. Organ of the Seikei Daigaku Seiji Keizai Gakkai (Seikei University Society of Politics and Economics). 357. Seikai jiipu _ '- 70 (Jeep in the world of politics), Seikonsha, August, 1946-[? ]. Monthly. Similar to Seikai orai. 358. Seikai 6rai X '$ i 4 (Comings-and-goings in the political world), Toky6, Seikai Oraisha, October, 1930+. Monthly. A semi-popular magazine devoted to commentaries on contemporary Japanese politics. Most of the contributors are professional journalists. It carries many behind-the-scene type of stories. 359. Seikei ronso _L,, * W (Review of politics and economics), Tokyo, Meiji Daigaku Seijikeizai Kenkyujo, May, 1926+. Quarterly. The organ of the political science and economics department of Meiji University. 360. Shakaigaku hyoron H u t (Sociological review), Tokyo, Nihon Shakai Gakkai, 1950+. Quarterly. The organ of the Japanese Sociological Society. Each issue consists of articles, notes and reports on research, and book reviews. Quite a few articles are of political interest. At the end of an issue appear English resumes of the articles and sometimes a section on literature. 361. Shakai kagaku kenkyu t- & t Al UJ (Journal of social sciences), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1948+. Bi-monthly. The organ of the Institute of Social Science of T6ky6 University. It publishes frequent and excellent articles on Japanese politics and legal sociology. 362. Shiho +: -* (Private law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, June, 1949+. Semi-annual. The organ of the Japanese Association of Private Law. Each issue contains a section devoted to reviews and new articles. 363. Shiho kenkyu j -A e4,J (Legal studies), T6kyo, Shih6sho Ch6saka, August 1926-[? ]. Semi-annual. An official organ of the Research Section of the Secretariat of the Ministry of Justice devoted for the most part to technical legal articles on criminal law, rules of jurisdiction, etc. Occasionally, however, one finds
Page 51 PERIODICALS 51 good articles on more political subjects such as the Suihei (Eta) movement, the legal basis of the land tenure system, etc. Issues are currently indexed in the corresponding numbers of the Naikaku Insatsukyoku's Kancho kank6 tosho mokuroku. 364. Shiho shiry6o A, '* - (Judicial materials), Toky6, Shih6sho Chosaka, November 1921-[? ]. Semimonthly. An official publication of the Ministry of Justice given over for the most part to strictly legal articles. Each issue contains a complete listing of new laws and ordinances. Issues are currently indexed in the corresponding numbers of the Naikaku Insatsukyoku's Kanch6 kank6 tosho mokuroku. Since the war its functions have been taken over by a similar publication entitled H6mu shiry6 (Legal materials). 365. S6go hogaku. f -,- ' (Comprehensive jurisprudence), T6kyo, Chiu Keizaisha, 1958+. Monthly. An elementary law journal for students edited by the faculties of nine private universities in T6ky6 and the Kansai area. 366. Waseda h6gaku W- -: A t (Waseda law review), Tokyo, (Waseda Daigaku H6gakkai), Yuihikaku, October, 1922+. Quarterly. Organ of the Law Faculty of Waseda University. 367. Waseda seiji keizaigaku zasshi $ V? t._ A -; - - _ (Waseda journal of political science and economics), Toky6, Waseda Daigaku Seiji Keizai Gakkai, 1925+. Bi-monthly. One of the best Japanese scholarly journals in the fields of politics and economics. Carries numerous articles of excellent quality on contemporary politics, Japanese political history, public administration, constitutional law, and international affairs. Its regular review section affords broad and extensive coverage of current scholarly publications. 368. Zeih6gaku 4't -; O (Tax law), Kyoto, Nihon Zeiho Gakkai, January, 1951+. Monthly. A professional journal on tax law published by the Japan Tax Law Association.
General Political Science
pp. 52-54
Page 52 CHAPTER IV GENERAL POLITICAL SCIENCE Political science is not one of the traditional disciplines in modern Japanese universities. In prewar days it was usually taught, if at all, as an adjunct to the offerings of law departments. Despite this, there were a number of eminent political scientists in the prewar Japanese universities. It is since 1945, however, that the discipline has undergone its most intensive development. For the most part this has continued to take place within departments of law, but there has been a notable expansion of both professional personnel and interests in distinctly political as opposed to legal spheres. Legal interests still predominate, especially among the older and better known generations of scholars, but an increasingly important shift towards political science interests and commitments is in process. 1. History and Problems as a Discipline Although many Japanese scholars are displaying a growing interest in the general field of the scope and methodology of political science, there have so far been relatively few books focussed directly on this subjectnothing resembling, for example, the recent spate of such publications in the United States. Methodological preoccupations there as here are more common among the sociologists, and, when they do occur, they are more apt to be published as articles, parts of symposia, or introductions than in separate book form. Also the Marxist philosophical and methodological commitments of a relatively high proportion of Japanese political scientists probably have somewhat inhibited the development of separate or deviant thinking in this sphere. 369. Imanaka Tsugimaro - t';it t, Seijigaku ni okeru h6h6 nigenron K_ / ~ - t i t+; t- it i (Dualism in political science), Tokyo, Rogosu Shoin, 1928, 378pp. A series of essays on various types of dualism in political science, e.g., the normative and practical aspects of law, pluralistic and monistic theories of sovereignty, national and international control, etc. 370. The Japan Science Review: Law and Politics, Tokyo, Union of Japanese Societies of Law and Politics, 1950+. Annual. This is an English-language publication of the second section (law and politics) of the Japan Science Council. It represents a group of national learned societies in such fields as international law, public, private, criminal, and comparative laws, political science, legal philosophy, legal sociology, and civil procedure. The annual issues are devoted to very useful bibliographies which are sometimes annotated, to essays describing the development and current status of teaching and research in many fields of law and political science, or to papers representative of current research in these fields. See also Entries: 436, 539, 614. 2. General Texts The gradual increase in postwar times of the number and variety of general introductory texts in this field is a testimony to the increased status and appeal of political science in Japanese universities. Their organization and coverage are normally quite similar to those in American texts. The following list emphasizes postwar works, although a few of the more important prewar texts have been retained. It should be noted that most of these general texts include sections which relate to the history and problems of political science as a discipline, i.e. to Section 1 of this chapter. 371. Royama Masamichi *vA J -, Nihon ni okeru kindai seijigaku no hattatsu ~ $: - ' It $ ~L f L o ^ o b it (The development of modern political science in Japan), Toky6, Jitsugy6 No Nihonsha, 1949, 15+410pp. Probably the single most important work for anyone interested in the development of political science as a discipline in modern Japan. It examines the historiography of the profession in an attempt to explain why in Japan it has lagged so far behind the Anglo-Saxon countries. The author, a former professor at Tokyo University, finds the answers in the total context within which the discipline has developed in Japan which resulted in prewar days in an unhappy dichotomy between the "Fascist" and "Marxist" schools of political science. Subjects treated include: the background of modern political science; the development of the "Staatslehre" and "positivist" schools of political science; the influences of neo-Kantian philosophy, pluralism, and functional theories of the state; the confrontation of the Fascist and Marxist schools; and the prospects for Japanese political science; a very useful bibliography and index are appended. 372. R6yama Masamichi ~* a-\ t _, Seijigaku no nimmu to taish6 A_ ~. ~ - ~ E S. (The objectives and functions of political science), T6kyo, Ganshod6, 1935, 31+543pp. A very interesting study of the role of political science in modern society by one of Japan's most famous 52
Page 53 GENERAL POLITICAL SCIENCE 53 political scientists. The work discusses the following problems: development of the empirical sciences, the goals of empirical science, the special quality of political knowledge, values and social differentiation, political concepts, the majority nature of national concepts, the theoretical structure of political societies, the emotional basis of political societies, the historical aspect of political societies, the nature of the changes in the political faculties, relationship of politics and administration, and the meaning and development of international politics. 373. Suzuki Yasuzo X * / A, Shiteki yuibutsuron to seijigaku 9_ e 6 # (Historical materialism and political science), T6ky6, Keis6 Shob6, 1953, 206pp. A new edition of one of the best works on the relationships between political science and the Marxist version of historical materialism. The author, who teaches at Shizuoka University, is generally regarded as one of the ablest "progressive" scholars in the field of political science. 374. Hori Toyohiko * I t, Seijigaku genron - _. ~ (Principles of political science), Toky6, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1956, 274pp. A standard and rather traditionally oriented discussion of the history and meaning of political science as a discipline, and the political and legal role of the state. 375. Imanaka Tsugimaro 47? >, I, Seijigaku: kokkaron K O; f. ( ~ (Political science: theory of the state), Kyoto, Naigai Shuppan, 1929, 3rd printing, 15+245pp. A general introductory text for university courses in political science covering the following subjects: definition of political science, relations to other disciplines, history of political science as an academic discipline, definition and theories of the state, origins and development of the state, objectives of the state, organization of states, extinction of states, theories of the political structure of states, federal and unified states, oligarchic and democratic governments, absolute government, and constitutional government. 376. Imanaka Tsugimaro 4 ' '~ ) ed., Seiji genri _L 5./g (Principles of politics), Tokyo, Rironsha, 1955, 2v. Volume I treats the origins of politics and political systems and the nature of political power. Volume II is devoted largely to political movements, especially parties, and to a discussion of variant political policies. The treatment includes comparative as well as Japanese materials. 377. Inada Shuinosuke t ' i- V A, Seijigaku a; f (Political science), T6kyo, Yuhikaku, 1918, 2v. A general introduction to political science long used as a university text. Volume 1 is devoted to a definition of the sphere and objectives of political science and to an historical account of its development as a discipline. Volume 2 discusses various theories of territory, nationality, citizenship, and political organization and explains the basic concepts of political science in terms of political organization. 378. Inoki Masamichi j A p 'L, Seijigaku shink5o 4 ~ 4 4 (New lectures on political science), T6kyo, Yushindo, 1956, 338pp. A series of essays by a distinguished political scientist from Kyoto University focussed largely on questions of political power in modern states and containing comparative as well as Japanese materials. 379. Ishida Takeshi E \M A#-, Kindai nihon seiji koz6 no kenkyiu L -i e $ - K: 'Ae t F (Studies in the political structure of modern Japan), Toky6, Miraisha, 1956, 324pp. This is a sequal to Professor Ishida's Meiji seiji shisoshi kenkyu (See Entry 396) which endeavors to explain the political structure of modern Japan in terms of its ideological, socio-economic, and political antecedents and patterns of development. It contains essays on "The imperial system as an ideology," "The bases of political structure," "The establishment of the system of imperial rule and local autonomy," "The structure of so-called party politics," "The characteristics of bureaucratic rule during the Fascist period," and "From the Meiji constitutional system to the new system." 380. Nihon Seiji Gakkai a k; K - ' k (Japanese Political Science Association), Seijigaku nemp6o B_; $ * (Annals of political science), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1950+. Annual. An annual publication of the Japanese Political Science Association containing a rich variety of substantive essays, round table, and study reports, professional news, bibliographies, etc. It is a major source for anyone seriously interested in professional developments within Japanese political science circles. Since 1953, the issues have carried a title reflecting the major theme of their leading articles. These have been: 1953-"The political process in postwar Japan," 1954-"Postwar global politics and the U.S.A.," 1955- "Political leadership in mass democracies," 1956- "Political parties, elections, and the masses," 1957- "The nation-system and class consciousness," and 1958- "Myths and reality of popular representation." 381. Oishi Hyotaro A -{ A t, Seijigaku hanron <- i A -$[, * (Outline of political science), T6kyo, Nank6sha, 1937, 12+648+17pp. An unusual and outstanding prewar work in this field by a former professor of political science at Kansaigakuin University, with emphasis upon political functions and processes rather than upon institutions.
Page 54 54 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 382. Oishi Hyotaro ( ka k A3, Seijigaku no kompon mondai L p, f A r/, (Basic problems of political science), T6ky6, Yuhikaku, 1939, 233pp. A well known prewar introduction to political science emphasizing the nature and role of the state, which the author defines in pluralistic terms. 383. Ozaki Yukio j 4 i T, Seiji tokuhon j;-> g - (Political reader), Toky6, Nippon Hy6ronsha, 1933, 43rd printing, 200pp. A unit in the popular tokuhon or reader series intended for the general public. This is a very simply written explanation of the basic components of modern Japanese politics with emphasis on parliamentary practice and political parties by a man long the senior member of the Imperial Diet. 384. R6yama Masamichi },. Xt 'L ed., Nihon no seiji 0 / <n -; (Japanese politics), Toky6, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1955, 243+9pp. A series of seven essays by as many important scholars constituting a very useful introduction to the subject of Japanese politics. The subjects treated include: the organization and functions of government, status and activities of the National Diet, politics and the role of the people, the judicial system and civil rights, local government, and changes in foreign relations. 385. R6yama Masamichi A, - K AL, Seijigaku genri A_ - $ )~. 4 (Principles of political science), T6kyo, Iwanami, 1952, 13+279+7pp. One of the best and most sophisticated of the general introductions to political science. Chapters are devoted to such matters as the meaning and methods of political science, political life and political situations, political power, forms of government, the functions of politics, and the political process. An extensive bibliography of both Japanese and foreign sources is appended. 386. Suzuki Yasuzo 4 ~ -,, ed., Nihon no kokka k6z6 a 5 d it (The national structure of Japan), Toky6, Keis6 Shobo, 1957, 398pp. A collection of essays by fifteen specialists designed to clarify the national structure of Japan in both political and legal terms. It discusses such subjects as sovereignty, the renunciation of war, fundamental human rights, political parties and the electoral system, the cabinet and executive powers, the structure of administration, and the judicial and fiscal systems. There is a bibliography of postwar materials. 387. Takahashi Seigo 1 4~ -, Gendai seiji no kagakuteki kansoku, z;/ - it ft I i A (A scientific view of contemporary politics), Tokyo, Waseda Daigaku Shuppambu, 1926, 375+26pp. A primarily traditional and general prewar introduction to political science, unusual only in its inclusion of a chapter on political parties and because of the author's view that his work is "scientific," by which he seems to mean "objective." Professor Takahashi taught at Waseda University. 388. Takahashi Seigo Al 4 -{ A, Seiji kagaku genron X_ 4 t, l T (Principles of political science), T6ky6, Yfhikaku, 1937, rev. ed., 667pp. A general text for university use by a very reputable authority. Treats: definition of political science, the modern nation-state, political organization of states, the parliamentary system, dictatorships, the form and actuality of majority rule, political groups and political parties, and the scientific view of political phenomena. 389. Uchida Shigetaka - ~ 6 W, Shakai shugi seijigaku sac, >i, ~ (Socialist political science) Toky6, Keis6 Shob6, 1950, 258pp. The emphasis of the title is somewhat misleading. The author is really stressing only the need for central planning and content in contemporary politics, with or without a specifically socialist philosophy.
Political Theory and the History of Political Thought
pp. 55-63
Page 55 CHAPTER V POLITICAL THEORY AND THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT A somewhat arbitrary attempt is made in this chapter to distinguish between writings which are primarily descriptive in emphasis and concerned with the history or development of political thought in Japan and those which are more concerned with theory construction on the basis of either historical or contemporary materials. No clearcut distinction emerges save in terms of emphasis, especially where the latter category is concerned. Theory is, or should be, an essential part of the writing in all fields of political science. Consequently, the section on political theory of this bibliography is inevitably diffuse. It should also be noted that until 1945 political theory was one of the more controversial and risky fields of Japanese scholarship. One has only to recall the late Professor Minobe's experiences as a result of his defense of the "organ" theory of imperial sovereignty to realize how dangerous unorthodox statements in this field could be and how narrow were the limits within which free speculation or even description were possible. The result was a distinct dearth of any save "party line" writing for a period covering much of the thirties and early forties. Prior and subsequent to these dates, however, there was greater freedom and more theoretical writing. Still it seems in general to be the case that political scientists in prewar Japan tended to write histories of political thought rather than theory, and that these were most often devoted either to the development of political thought in the West or to the history of Japanese political thought up to and including the Meiji era (1868-1912). Few works treat in theoretical terms later developments in Japan. With the release of official pressures since 1945, however, there have appeared many signs of revival in the theory field. The volume of current writing is considerable and many of the pre-1945 gaps are being filled. The following selections emphasize postwar writings in this field and those which are concerned with Japanese rather than Western thought. A few of the more important prewar works have been included. 1. History of Political Thought 390. Abe Yoshishige - \L N, Meiji shis6kai no ch6rydu H; ~ - - U i/' (Intellectual currents during the Meiji era [ 1868-1912]), T6ky6, Iwanami. 391. Fujiwara Hirotatsu * A - A-, Kindai Nihon seiji shis6shi josetsu L<t_ 0 j- t t:u (Introduction to the history of modern Japanese political thought), Ky6to, Sanwa Shob6, 1952, 197pp. The author seeks the ethical basis of modern Japanese politics in Confucian sources and the theory of imperial right. 392. Hattori Shiso - -p H-', Meiji no shis6 OR i.. (Meiji thought), T6kyo, Rironsha, 1955, 312pp. This is volume 6 of Hattori's collected works and is composed of a series of essays, including ones on "Kita Ikki's view of the Meiji Restoration" and "Fukuzawa Yukichi." 393. Higo Kazuo N e _ 4 t, Nihon kokka shisO ~ ~ q ~ -. (Ideas of the Japanese nation), T6kyo, KObund6, 1940, 171pp. A historical survey of the development of theories of the Japanese nation, covering their imperial and mythological bases, the influence of Buddhism, feudalism, and the middle ages, and concluding with a chapter on post-Meiji developments. 394. Ienaga Sabur6. % a> ip, Kindai seishin to sono genkai e <N. X - ' e y ]- (The modern mind and its limitations), T6ky6, Kadokawa Shoten, 1950, 237pp. An analysis of the character of the "modern mind" in Japan and its historical significance. Kitamura Tokoku, Uchimura Kanz6, Taguchi Ukichi, and Fukuzawa Yukichi are used as exemplars of this "modern mind." 395. lenaga Saburo c. B 1, Nihon kindai shisoshi kenkyu V 4; X/, J. ~.f._(Studies in the history of modern Japanese thought), T6ky6, T6kyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1953, 319pp. The author presents a series of 14 essays intended to trace historically the evolution of the modern Japanese mind. He does this by discussing the contributions of such Edo and Meiji figures as And6 Shoeki, Ueki Emori, Nishimura Shigeki, and Fukuzawa Yukichi. 396. Ishida Takeshi;z w t, Meiji seiji shisoshi kenkyu ' *. _, _ t (Studies in the history of Meiji political thought), T6ky6, Miraisha, 1955, 377pp. A very stimulating analysis of the origins and development of the concept of a "nation-state" in modern Japan by one of Japan's most promising younger political scientists. Part I explores the concept itself and its connections with the imperial institution, particularly during the years 1897-1906. Part II attempts to particularize and substantiate the author's ideas in terms of concrete events and characters. The author 55
Page 56 56 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE throughout attacks the purely economic interpretations of the Marxist historians and attempts to replace them by the concepts and approaches of modern political science. 397. Kada Tetsuji t ~ = -, Meiji shoki shakai shis6 no kenkyu N - 4z ' i ~ t A! f e (Study of social thought during the early years of Meiji), T6ky6, Shunjusha, 1933, 526pp. An excellent survey of social thought and social conditions in Japan from 1868 to 1887. The first half of the work is devoted to a general survey of the period with sections on nationalistic writings, the precursors of the civil rights school, the political movements of the nobility, the circumstances of the peasantry and their activities, the controversy over the establishment of a popularly elected parliament, and separate chapters on nine of the outstanding social philosophers of the time, e.g. Fukuzawa Yukichi, Kato Hiroyuki, Nakae Ch6min, etc. The second half contains a series of so-called research sections on such subjects as the political activities of the old samurai class during early Meiji, the peasantry and the civil rights movement, liberalism during early Meiji, socialism, and the civil rights movement, etc. 398. Kano Masanao IC L K i, Nihon kindai shiso no keisei S0 $ LE - A! " ~ A (Formation of modern Japanese thought), T6ky6, Shin Hy6ronsha, 1956, 310pp. An excellent analysis of major trends in modern Japanese thought through the work of their prominent exponents. Sections are devoted to the following movements as exemplified by the thoughts of the men noted: 1) the Sonno-joi movement-Yoshida Sh6in; 2) the anti-Bakufu movement-Takasugi Shinsaku; 3) absolutism — Okubo Toshimichi; 4) capitalism-Fukuzawa Yukichi; and 5) socialism —Kotoku Shusui. 399. Kawai Eijiro -gJ * A B, Meiji shis6shi no ichidammen Ad;/ Z y v_ j 6 (Aspects of Meiji intellectual history), T6ky6, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1949, 483pp. This is volume 9 of Kawai's selected works, in which the author (1891-1944), a noted liberal scholar and writer, discusses Meiji intellectual history, with emphasis on the life and thought of Kanai En ( / t >L ), a scholar interested in social policy. 400. Kishimoto Eitar5o P /- _; A ed., Meiji shakai undo shiso a] -/ 9- 4 a -. (The ideology of Meiji social movements), Tokyo, Aoki Shoten, 1955, 2v. A chronologically arranged intellectual history of social movements in Japan from 1897 to 1909. The contents are largely made of editorials and articles drawn from such contemporary periodicals as Rodd Sekai, Heimin Shimbun, Chokugen, Hikari, Shakai Shimbun, and so on. 401. Kosaka Masaaki i +L i. and Ono Hideo l 4 At, Meiji bunkashi: shis6-genron hen 0] f _ 4 _. ~. % X * *,, (History of Meiji culture: thought and opinion), Toky6, Y6oysha, 1955, vol. IV, 735pp. This is volume 4 in a multi-volume survey of Meiji culture. Its first half is devoted to a survey of Japanese thought from 1840 to 1912. The second half is a similar review of speech and opinion during the Meiji era by Ono Hideo, a leading authority on the newspapers of the time. 402. Koyama Hirotake 'J' e- Il k_, Nihon marukusu shugishi C '; (History of Marxism in Japan), Toky6, Aoki Shoten, 1956, 232pp. This is perhaps the only complete treatment of the history of the theoretical, not political, development of Japanese Marxism. The author is a Marxist of the Kamiyama school. A chronology of the movement and a research bibliography are appended. 403. Koyama Hirotake and Asada Mitsuteru Al- i i 1-;_, J *~, Nihon Teikokushugi-shi a o, ~ _ (History of Japanese imperialism), T6ky6, Aoki Shoten, 1958+,3v. Volume I discusses the formation of Japanese imperialism, vol. II and vol. III the collapse of Japanese imperialism. The viewpoint is Marxist. 404. Kuno Osamu Z 1f &_ and Tsurumi Shunsuke j P'i ' Gendai nihon no shis6o A L ' 0 k 7 t. (The thought of contemporary Japan), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1956, 234pp. An interesting general survey of recent Japanese thought by two professional philosophers of pragmatic persuasions. They discuss such modern movements as the Shirakaba ( f7 4 ) school, the Japanese communist party, the movement for the composition of records of daily lives ( ', -; i.l 1-tA ), Kita Ikkis Sh6wa Restoration movement and the several manifestations of "apure-geerizumu" (the apres-guerre or postwar decadence), and attempt to place them in a larger frame of reference as Japanese versions of idealism, materialism, pragmatism, ultranationalism and existentialism. They try also to explain the social roles of such movements. 405. Maruyama Masao 4U - j ~, Nihon seiji shis6shi kenkyu t K - (. 5 S (Studies in the history of Japanese political thought), T6kyo, T6kyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1952, 363+17pp. A remarkable study of the antecedents and bases of modern Japanese political attitudes and thoughts in the institutions and schools of thought of Tokugawa Japan. An outstanding work by one of Japan's most distinguished political theorists. 406. Matsumoto Sannosuke Pa z Kokugaku seijishis6 no kenkyu ]1 ' & - - - 0 J (Studies in the political thought of the Kokugaku school), T6kyo, Yihikaku, 1957, 120pp. A good description of the political role played by the adherents of the nativist or Kokugaku school of thought towards the end of the Tokugawa period.
Page 57 POLITICAL THEORY AND THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT 57 407. Meiji Shiryo Kenkyu Renrakukai O M 9_ #-t e G j,, a (Society for the study of Meiji historical materials), Minkenron kara nashonarizumu e 4s o k a t '^ - '' X e A (From "popular rights" to nationalism), Toky6, Ochanomizu Shob6, 1957, 298pp. A collection of six essays: 1) Oka Yoshitaka —"The international situation at the beginning of Meiji as seen by the "popular rights" theorists"; 2) Susuki Yasuz6 —"1Ueki Emori's theory of popular sovereignty"; 3) Nishida Masatoshi —"Baba Tatsui"; 4) Maruyama Masao-"The nationalism of Kuga Katsunan"; 5) Sumitani Mikio —"The establishment of the imperial system and Christianity"; and 6) Toyama Shigeki —".A practical study of the 'civil code' dispute." 408. Naramoto Tatsuya V. t I J< ed., Nihon no shis6ka 8 o: - a?. (Japanese thinkers), T6ky6, Mainichi Shimbunsha. 1954, 373pp. A simple and quite useful series of critical biographies of Japanese thinkers from Saich6 to Kawakami Hajime. Chapters 4 and 5 are of particular relevance: IV, "The intellectual adaptation to absolutism," treats Ninomiya Sontoku, Sakuma Sh6zan, Fukuzawa Yukichi and Kato Hiroyuki; V, "The development of modern thought," covers Uchimura Kanz6, Takayama Chogyui, K6toku Shusui, Yoshino Sakuzo, Nishida Kitar6, and Kawakami Hajime. 409. Oi Tadashi t _~, Nihon no shiso 8 $ <o 9-. (Japanese thought), T6kyo, Aoki Shoten, 1955, 226pp. A convenient survey of the history of modern Japanese thought in terms of liberalism, democracy, the imperial system, and the contributions of some 14 modern Japanese figures. 410. Okamoto Keiji I~; k =-, Meiji Taisho shisoshi ~ i- k 4 K t. Lt- (Intellectual history of the Meiji and Taisho eras [1868-1926]), T6ky6, 1929. A fair general history of developments during the period with emphasis on the field of political thought. 411. Ono Hisato /J' fr A., Meiji ishin zengo ni okeru seiji shis6shi no tenkai H f. t ^ t i — f ift -it t-. t e e (Development of political thought during the Restoration period), T6ky6, 1944. A well-balanced account of political thought during this period, with numerous lengthy quotations from important writers. A useful guide to the source material. 412. Osatake Takeki kc 4- kr 41., Ishin zengo ni okeru rikken shiso.* 4t\ {t = t it I fi- ' - (Constitutional thought before and after the Restoration), Toky6, Hoky6do, 1929, rev. ed., 2v. One of the definitive sources on political thought at this critical time and a mine of detailed factual information. Volume 1 has chapters on the introduction of parliamentary ideas into Japan; various theories on the establishment of a national parliament, e.g. the Tosa, the Bakufu and those of several clans; the theory of the clan assemblies; the relation between the return of power to the emperor and parliamentary theory; the nature of contemporary reference books and sources of information on the parliamentary system; the development of newspapers and magazines; and the Five-Article Oath. Volume 2 treats proposals relating to the form of the new state; contemporary theory and practice in respect to the popular election of officials; parliamentary experiments, e.g. the Kogisho, Samin, etc.; and the development of local assemblies. 413. Rekishigaku Kenkyukai # _- it K 4 i (Society for Historical Studies), Kindai nihon no keisei S <%' e l i (Formation of modern Japan), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1953, 200pp. A Marxist interpretation emphasizing the importance of class struggle in the formative period of modern Japan. There are essays on: the class bases of the popular rights movement, the formation of Japanese imperialism, and the socialist ideas of K6toku Shusui. 414. Saigusa Hiroto — _ Xf -_ and Shimizu Ikutar6 -it 7- -.t 7' ' ed., Nihon tetsugaku shiso zensho 0 - X a F- t 4 { (Collected writings of Japanese philosophers), T6ky6, Heibonsha, 1956-57, 19v. Volume 17 of this monumental series is devoted to law and politics. It attempts to illustrate the total sweep of Japanese thought in this area by reproducing here representative writings by such ancient and modern figures as: Shotoku Taishi, Ogyu Sorai, And6 Shoeki, Kato Hiroyuki, Itagaki Taisuke, Ueki Emori, Ume Kenjir6, Yoshino Sakuz6, and Minobe Tatsukichi. There is also a commentary on each selection. 415. Sakata Yoshio, ed., V. W - (W*), Meiji zenhanki no nashionarizumu 0] + /5 t f- i- l t (Nationalism during the first half of the Meiji era), T6ky6, Miraisha, 1958, 342pp. A report by a study-group of Kyoto University's Research Institute for Humanistic Sciences consisting of eight articles on nationalist thinking in Japan during the 1870s and 80s. 416. Sakisaka Itsur6o 1 t iA- 8p ed., Kindai Nihon no shis6ka It. i- 8 o ~ - (Modern Japanese thinkers), Toky6, Wakosha, 1954, 284pp. Some ten scholars here contribute critical intellectual biographies of a number of leading figures in modern Japanese thought, e.g., Kato Hiroyuki, Nishida Kitar6, and Minobe Tatsukichi. A useful biographical dictionary of modern thinkers is appended. 417. Sato Kiyokatsu AX- * -4 *, Dai Nihon seiji shis6shi A 0 } v +. A- 9 (History of Japanese political thought), T6ky6, Dai Nihon Seiji Shis6shi Kank6kai, 1939, 2v. A rather unreliable general survey of the field but useful as a guide to source materials. Contains a gen
Page 58 58 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE eral discussion of several theories of government, e.g. divine government, government of the most virtuous, of warriors, etc., followed by a summary and an extended chronological survey of Japanese political theory by eras. The concluding sections are devoted to the post-Meiji period and describe the political theories of such statesmen as Ito, Okubo, Kido, Yamagata, Matsukata, Katsura, and Saionji, the views of several prominent scholars and the theory of party government. 418. Shimoide Junkichi i t e - ti, Meiji shakai shiso kenkyu a!; t A - -. _ J (Studies of social thought during the Meiji era), Tokyo, Asano Shoten, 1932, 410pp. A collection of previously published articles, among which those on the influence of Mill and Spencer on Japanese political thinking are particularly noteworthy. Two interesting shorter studies treat Meiji social thought as reflected in the newspapers of the time. 419. Sumiya Etsuji It jf 't -4 ed., Shiryo Nihon shakai undo shis6shi i-# 8 _ - lt~. - -- (Materials for an intellectual history of Japanese social movements), Tokyo, Aoki Shoten, 1955+, 27v. This enormous project is still in process. The editor hopes to systematically present materials concerning the intellectual history of all important Japanese social movements. Emphasis is to be placed upon statements, programs, articles in newspapers and journals and other ephemera not readily accessible. For purposes of presentation the materials will be classified into four major chronological periods: early Meiji, late Meiji, Taish6, and Showa. As of September, 1957, the following volumes had appeared: Early Meiji: The concept of "popular rights" (3v.), writings of Nakae Chomin, writings of Ueki Emori and Di Kentaro; Late Meiji: the ideology of social movements during the Meiji period (2v.), on the history of socialism during the Meiji period, writings of Katayama Sen and Tazoe Tetsuji ( e4';,, =- ), writings of Sakai Toshihiko and Morijika Umpei ( A; 4- t t ), and essays on labor problems during the Meiji era. 420. Suzuki Yasuzo i - 4- A, Meiji shonen no rikken shis6 o i ~v k -; a. )- ~- (Constitutional thought during the early years of Meiji), T6ky6, 1938, 354pp. A primarily historical and descriptive account of intellectual movements during this period. Covers the Sain's compilation of foreign constitutional texts, Kido and Okubo's discussions of the institution of a constitution, early constitutional drafts, development of the freedom and popular rights movement, discussions of the enactment of a popular constitution, discussions of the opening of a Diet, promulgation of various regulatory laws and ordinances, the political crisis of 1881 and the imperial promise of a constitution, drafts of popular constitutions composed in 1880-81, the struggle for power in 1882, and the issue of treaty revision. 421. Torii Hiroo,g I it' A, Meiji shisoshi ~ad ~ __ (History of Meiji thought), T6ky6, Kawade Shobo, 1953, 197pp. An interpretation of Meiji philosophical and religious thought from an historical materialist standpoint. 422. Toyama Shigeki Ai i f, Yamazaki Masakazu d- 4 - E-, and Oi Tadashi C- -IF —, eds., Kindai Nihon shisoshi 't (-\ a * -. t. (History of modern Japanese thought), Tokyo, Aoki Shoten, 1956-57, 4v. The first major effort at a definitive survey and analysis of modern Japanese thought from the Restoration to the present. The editors are all prominent Marxist historians and theorists. The series is organized as follows: I, Japanese thought at the end of the Tokugawa period, the period of enlightenment, the philosophy of the "popular rights movement, " and the development of absolutist schools of thought; H, intellectual currents from 1887-1896, and the development of Christianity, socialism, idealism, and what is called "Taisho democracy," i.e., the intellectual and political trends of the 1918-25 period; III, the development of Marxist thoughts, modernism, fascism, intellectual developments during World War II, and some problems in the history of modern Japanese thought. Volume IV is scheduled to be a chronology of modern Japanese thought plus subject and name indices for the series. In general, volumes I and II simply collect the results of earlier and fairly well-known Marxist research. Volume III represents new work which, despite its Marxist orientation, is distinctly valuable and useful. There is also a summary version of this work in one volume (See Entry 424). 423. Uchida Shigetaka iV Pt, Nihon seiji shakai shisoshi o, L_ X -/, A _ (History of Japanese political and social thoughts), Tokyo, Ganshodo, 1931. 424. Yamazaki Masakazu J- i f- - Kindai nihon shis6 tsushi ' <' 0 e i -- k _ (Outline history of modern Japanese thought), T6ky6, Aoki Shoten, 1957, 274pp. A summary version, by one of the editors, of the compendious four volume History of modern Japanese thought (See Entry 422). The organization is similar. See also Entries: 279, 498, 716, 1173. 2. Political Theory 425. Eguchi Bokuro -P +7 I V, Teikokushugi to minzoku ~ e ~ ~ ffk (Imperialism and the people), Tokyo, T6ky6 Daigakushuppankai, 1954, 296pp.
Page 59 POLITICAL THEORY AND THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT 59 426. Gendai Nihon no shis6o * Q o;$ ) -. - (The thought of modern Japan), Toky6, Iwanami, 1957, 361pp. A valuable source of information on the intellectual climate of postwar Japan. Essays are devoted to the following subjects: Japanese thought, the intellectual climate of postwar Japan, problems of the imperial system, the generations, Japanese intellectuals, problems of peace, problems of peaceful coexistence in the realm of ideas, problems of freedom, tradition vs. modernization, the problem of war guilt, and the Japanese revolution. 427. Harada K6o f -, Shukenron t 4 * (On sovereignty), T6ky6, Komine Shoten, 1953, 185pp. A discussion of the power and authority of the state cast largely in terms of the author's views on the roles of capitalism and fascism in Japan's recent history. 428. Hatori Takuya J1.. i, Kinsei Nihon shakaishi kenkyu i __ -; g Er e tL V ij (Studies in modern Japanese social history), T6ky6, Miraisha, 1954, 256pp. A discussion of factors inhibiting the social modernization of Japan. 429. Hayashi Kimio 4t it 1 A, Seiy6 shiso6 no nihonka f A,. e e; L (Japanization of Western ideas), Tokyo, Sh6kasha, 1932, 359pp. 430. Imanaka Tsugimaro I * k/, Irie Keishir6o;x- Ad ' i, Gomamoto Tsutaichiq,;. -- and Suzuki Yasuzo i * ~ ~ eds., Seiji kenryoku no shomondai 4_. 4 dj ~, ~,[ (Problems of political power), Toky6, God6 Shuppansha, 1958, 386pp. A symposium by some sixteen contributors in honor of Professor Koiwai which focuses on basic theories of political power, problems of political power in various countries, and power in international society. 431. Inoki Masamichi A A i _, Seiji hend6ron, t j h ~ (On political change), Kyoto, Sekai Shisosha, 1953, 225+10pp. A study of political power in terms of changes in the locus and nature of power documented and illustrated by the experience of Russia before and after the October Revolution. 432. Iwanami koza, gendai shis6 3t -I j, 1',:. (The Iwanami essay series: contemporary thought), Toky6, Iwanami, 1956-57, 12v. These twelve volumes are the result of a great symposium on a variety of aspects of contemporary thought involving eminent philosophers, political scientists, sociologists, men of letters, and natural scientists. The problems are often presented and discussed in a world-wide as well as a Japanese context. Volumes are devoted to the following subjects: 1) contemporary ideologies, 2) the problems of man, 3) concepts of nationality, 4) the new society, 5) reactionary ideas, 6) freedom and the masses, 7) science and scientists, 8) the machine age, 9) war and peace, 10) concepts of modern art, 11) ideological problems in Japan, and 12) the contributions of foreign thinkers. 433. Kobundo Henshubu ^A L 't * it - (Kobundo Editorial Staff), Kindai kokkaron < g t (The theory of the modern state), Toky6, Kobund6, 1950-52, 3v. An excellent treatment of selected major problems of modern states. All contributors are outstanding political scientists. Vol. 1, entitled Power, contains essays by Royama Masamichi, "National sovereignty in the national society"; Hori Toyohiko, "The absolute character of national sovereignty"; Kato Shimpei, "The legitimacy of national power"; and Nakamura Akira, "Changes in national power." Vol. II, entitled Functions, contains: Nagahama Masatoshi, "Ramifications and concentration of national power"; Tsuji Kiyoaki, "Political functions of social groups (treating especially political parties and pressure groups)"; and Oka Yoshitake, "The strategy of the modern stateman.," Vol. III, entitled Freedom, contains: Agata Norio, "The modern state and political freedom"; and Igarashi Toyosaku, "The modern state and social freedom." 434. Kosaka Masaaki 0 *_ A., and others, Kindai Nihon to kiristoky6 1k ~ j ~ i '1 F2 (Modern Japan and Christianity), T6ky6, S6bunsha, 1956, 2v. These volumes represent the published results of a notable symposium on the role and contributions of Christianity in post-Restoration Japan. Volume I is devoted to the Meiji era and Volume II to the Taish6 and Sh6wa eras. Noted lay scholars and critics as well as Christian representatives and scholars participated in the discussions. 435. Kozai Yoshishige t 1- * -t, Ikumi Takuichi } fL --, Murata Y6ichi *1 ~ -,and Nagasu Itsuji -: i\, Gendai marukusu shugi a 4 -<,v7 7 - (Contemporary Marxism), Toky6, Otsuki Shoten, 1958, 3v. This ambitious joint work by four Marxist scholars tries to apply Marxist theories to contemporary problems. Vol. I is entitled Marxism and the contemporary world; Vol. II, The development of Marxist economics; and Vol. III, Problems of the contemporary revolution. 436. Maruyama Masao u A t A- $, Gendai seiji no shis6 to k6d6o a 4 L _ e J~ r. I-Tjb (Thought and action in contemporary politics), T6kyo, Miraisha, 1956-57, 2v. This collection of a number of the author's postwar writings is considered by many to be a theoretical landmark in the development of Japanese political science. The range is broad, though more of the essays refer
Page 60 60 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE to Japanese ultranationalism than to any one subject. Some illustrative titles follow: the logic and psychology of ultra-nationalism, Japanese Fascist theories and movements, the mind of the military elite, pitfalls of realism, what is "political" and its limitations, political science as a discipline, problems of political power, etc. 437. Miyagawa Toru 9,) AL, Kindai nihon shiso no k6zo _ en 0;, A. ) s it (The Structure of modern Japanese thought), Toky6, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1956, 262pp. The author considers philosophical outlook a function of class status and here discusses modern Japanese thought, as exemplified by Fukuzawa Yukichi, Nishida Kitaro, and Miki Kiyoshi, in terms of their ideological contributions. 438. Nakajima Shigeru + ~ ii, Tagenteki kokkaron ~ X i 7 ^ ~ q (Pluralistic theories of the state), Ky6to, Naigai Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1922, 276pp. A pioneering work in Japan on the pluralistic theories of the state espoused by Laski, Cole, and others, with additions by the author, at the time a professor of political science at D6shisha University. This work offered a significant challenge to the traditional view of the state in Japan. 439. Nakamura Kikuo ~. f, Minshu shakai shugi no kiso riron if - 0 # *[ (The basic theory of democratic socialism), T6ky6, Nihon Shakait6 Shuppambu, 1954. 440. Nakamura Kikuo ' 't, ~, Seiji shinrigaku A -;., ~ (The psychology of politics), Toky6, Yushind6, 1957, 272pp. Perhaps the most impressive of the very few works on this subject in Japan, written by a younger political scientist from Kei6 University. It treats such subjects as: the irrational aspects of political phenomena, statesmen, mass psychology, political propaganda, the psychology of revolutionary situations, and the political consciousness and attitudes of voters. 441. Nihon Seiji Gakkai a; t-; * ~ (Japanese Political Science Association), Kokka taisei to kaikyu ishiki j^ g4 At a P r,gs X (National structure and class-consciousness), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1957, 201pp. This is the annual publication of the Japanese Political Science Association for 1957, and is devoted to an analysis of the impact of "mass society" on political ideas. 442. Nihon Seiji Gakkai a f- L I- t (Japanese Political Science Association), Kokumin daihyo no shinwa to genjitsu ^ 4 % o 7 A - (The myth and reality of popular representation), T6kyo, Iwanami, 1958, 196pp. This is the 1958 volume of the Annals of the Japanese Political Science Association. It is largely devoted to a study of the history and theories of representation, largely in the West. There is one essay on "Pseudo-representation in prewar Japan." 443. Odaka Tomoo i_7 ~ 4 /, Kokka k6zoron |i q ' — (Theory of state structure), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1936, 11+535+4pp. One of the best known prewar discussions of this subject in the tradition of Allgemeine Staatslehre by a professor of T6ky6 University. 444. Okamoto Seiichi Ai * `; -, Burujoa-demokurashI no ronri / —f', ' T 7 v v- e A L- (The logic of bourgeois democracy), Ky6to, H6ritsu Bunkasha, 1955, 255pp. A series of essays on various aspects of bourgeois democratic political systems arguing that the proletariat is the driving force of the revolution and that this need not under all circumstances be violent. The author is a professor of political science at D6shisha University. 445. Sumiya Mikio 9,j -~ * W, Nihon shakai to kirisutokyo ~ St 4 'I X I- $L (Japanese society and Christianity), Toky6 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1954, 179pp. A collection of essays focussed on the compromises which Christianity has made with the institutions and values of modern Japanese society. The author is a Christian and a professor of economics at Toky6 University. 446. Takada Yasuma ~ ~ 4-., Kokka to kaiky]u o1 [ r t L_ (State and class), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1934, 404pp. Eleven essays by a former Ky6to University professor, devoted to a critique of the Marxist theory of history and an attempt to establish the merits of his own approach which assigns primary importance to population problems. 447. Tsuji Kiyoaki ix_ - z0 et al., Sengo Nihon no minshuka no katei to mondai l^ kt 4 ~ -b Id SLo ~ $, (Process and problems of democratization in postwar Japan), To-ky6o, Iwanami, 1955, 320pp. 448. Uchida Jokichi 14 V X i, Nihon shihonshugi rons6o a % * i^^f~ (Controversies about Japanese capitalism), Toky6, Shink6 Shuppansha, 1949, 2v. An elaborate treatment of the endless and labyrinthine controversies about the correct Marxist interpretation of the nature of Japanese capitalism in both pre and postwar times. The contestants were the so-called Rbno and Koza schools of Marxist theory. The present account favors the latter.
Page 61 POLITICAL THEORY AND THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT 61 449. Yoshitomi Shigeo S& X A_, Seijiteki t6itsu no riron am i,t -- _e g (A theory of political unity), Toky6, Yuhikaku, 1955, 322pp. A theoretical analysis of the nature of politics and its relationships with administration, law, morals, and economics, as a prelude to the elaboration of a theory of the bases of political solidarity. See also Entries: 369, 378, 379, 380, 594, 610, 612, 1159, 1205, 1207, 1240, 1347, 1377, 1382, 1603, 1613, 1737, 1738, 1743. 3. Writings by or about Individual Political Theorists It is perhaps unnecessary to note that many of the works listed in this section also constitute important historical documents in their own right. The section as a whole is thus closely related to the contents of chapter VI. 450. Abe Isoo -~ -4 PA 7-, Shakaishugisha to narumade i- ~ a t r'i t a. (Until I became a socialist), Toky6, Meizensha, 1947, 240pp. The author (1865-1949) was one of Japan's pioneer socialists. The present account covers his life and thinking up to his conversion to socialism at the end of the century. 451. As6 Yoshiteru 4 t ~ 4 ed., Nishi Amane tetsugaku chosakushu ) ] - ~; 4i t (Collection of the philosophical writings of Nishi Amane), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1933, 405pp. A collection of some 20-odd essays, including ones on social and political philosophy, by a man who is widely regarded as the father of modern Japanese philosophy. A chronology of his life and work is appended. 452. Fukuzawa Yukichi Chosaku Hensankai 4:$ -4 * I t (Society for compilation of the works of Fukuzawa Yuichi), Fukuzawa Yukichi senshiu g i t j _ ~ (Selected works of Fukuzawa Yukichi), T6kyo, Iwanami, 1951-52, 8v. A representative selection of the works of the famous early Meiji educator (1834-1901) and founder of Keio University. Each volume also contains appropriate commentaries on his work and ideas by specialists. 453. Hasegawa Nyozekan - / "I +AJ^I, Aru kokoro no jijoden A 5,;. Ad (Autobiography of a mind), Toky6, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1950, 389pp. A commentary on his observations of and reactions to a great variety of important developments-political and otherwise —by one of Japan's outstanding journalists and free lance writers. 454. Ienaga Sabur6o /; - i, Kakumei shis5 no senkusha —Ueki Emori no hito to shis6o X e t. 0. 2 thm ---- - i L[ < a. e (A harbinger of revolutionary ideas-Ueki Emori, the man and his thought), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1956, 223pp. A biographical study of Ueki Emori (1857-92), a prominent theorist of the "popular rights movement" during the Meiji period. 455. Ishikawa Mikiaki a M X ~, Fukuzawa Yukichi,$ 5 i (Fukuzawa Yukichi), Toky6, Iwanami, 1946, 500pp. One of the most detailed and reliable biographies of this famous Meiji educator and founder of Keio University. 456. Ishikawa Sanshiro f,'I u s, Jijoden 1 1 4 (Autobiography), T6kyo, Rironsha, 1956, 2v. The author is a well-known anarchist, whose life provides an interesting case study in the course of the social and socialist movements in Japan. 457. Itoya Toshio,t., ~, Kotoku Shusui den -4. rt If (Biography of Kotoku Shusui), Kyoto, San'ichi Shob6, 1950, 303pp. A standard account of the life and thought of this early anarchist leader (1871-1911). 458. Katayama Tetsu ~ i $, Abe Isoo den _- - 4 ~ (Biography of Abe Isoo), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1958, 253pp. Abe Isoo was an early Christian socialist and one of the founders of the Shakai Minshuto (Social Democratic Party), the first large socialist party in Japan. 459. Kawakami Hajime -; f, Jijoden - _, 4I (Autobiography), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1952, 5v. A collection of reminiscences and essays written while the author (1879-1946), a former Ky6to University professor and famous Marxist economist, was in prison. 460. Kita Ikki Am -, Nihon kaiz6 h6an taiko a; _ q-._ -K A, (Outline for the reconstruction of Japan), T6ky6, 1933. A work which served as the theoretical basis of a segment of the ultranationalist movement in Japan during the thirties. It was particularly popular with the "Young Officer Movement." 461. Kita Ikki chosakushui b -t -% V t (Collected works of Kita Ikki), Tokyo, Mimizushobo, 1959+. 3v. An annotated collection of the works of this famous ultranationalist leader and thinker. Volume I is devoted
Page 62 62 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE to his writings on the theory of the state and pure socialism; volume II to an unofficial history of the Chinese revolution; and volume III to a collection of essays about Kita Ikki (1883-1937). 462. Kochi Shimbunsha 4i a 7 Il i- (The Kochi Press), Ueki Emori nikki t - $L % J $ (Diary of Ueki Emori), Kochi, Kochi Shimbunsha, 1950, 422pp. The diary of this prominent Meiji theorist (1857-92), covering his life from 1873-1892. 463. Nakae Atsusuke i - X 4f and Kaji Ryuichi;* - eds., Chomin senshiu;J ly A I (Selected works of Nakae Chomin), Toky6, Iwanami, 1952, 318pp. A selection of essays from the writings of this early modern theorist (1847-1901), who was known as "the Rousseau of the East.," 464. Nakamura Kikuo 4 t A4, Nihon kindaika to Fukuzawa Yukichi V _ do ~ = t i (The modernization of Japan and Fukuzawa Yukichi), Toky6, Kaiz6sha, 1949, 208pp. A biography of Fukuzawa with special reference to his political views. It makes excellent intellectual history. The author is a professor of political science at Kei6 University. A bibliography of Fukuzawa's major works is appended. 465. Nishimura Shinji 7 i At, Ono Azusa den,I-s t i (Biography of Ono Azusa), T6kyo, Fuzambo, 1935, 365pp. An account of the life and career of a pioneer scholar, Ono Azusa (1852-86), in the field of modern Japanese jurisprudence. 466. Oyama Ikuo A ^ ] t, Oyama Ikuo zenshdu A k ~ k A / (Complete works of Oyama Ikuo), Toky6, Chuo6 Koronsha, 1947-49, 5v. A complete collection of the essays and writings of this famous left-wing political figures, former Waseda professor and recipient of the Stalin Peace Prize in 1951. 467. Oyama Ikuo Kinen Jigyokai kA LzL f _ j,. 4 * * (Memorial Society for Oyama Ikuo), Oyama Ikuo den L. s I jL L (Biography of Oyama Ikuo), Tokyo, Chuo6 Koronsha, 1956, 409pp. Professor Oyama's career (1880-1955) included both teaching and politics. In the latter sphere he was best known for his Marxist views, his long political exile in the United States and his reception of the Stalin Peace Prize. The present work by a group of friends and colleagues affords an interesting insight into the political attitudes of an important segment of the Japanese intelligentsia. 468. Ozaki Gakudo Zenshu Hensan Iinkai U A 3 t t * 4 I * (Committee for the Editing of the Collected Works of Ozaki Gakudo), Ozaki Gakudo zenshiu 5 ~ t 4 / (Collected works of Ozaki Gakud6), Toky6, Chuo Koronsha 1956, 12v. Ozaki Yukio (1858-1954), or Gakudo to give him his honorific title, was one of the foremost exponents of liberal democratic reform in Japan. He returned to the House of Representatives steadily from the first election in 1890 to the 25th in 1953, the longest record of continuous parliamentary service in Japan's history. The present series collects all of his works, including books, articles, and speeches. It is chronologically arranged. 469. Ozaki Yukio 4 A/ iT A, Gakudo kaikoroku It -. (Memoirs of Gakud6), Tokyo, Yikeisha, 1952, 2v. The author (1858-1954) was a famous liberal statesman who was given the honorific name of Gakud6. This is his autobiography. 470. Ozaki Yukio { J4 AT '~, Minken toso nanajuinen, MLz t + ~- (Seventy years of struggle for popular rights), Toky6, Yomiriu Shimbunsha, 1952, 213pp. An autobiographical account of the author's seventy year effort to establish constitutional government in Japan on a more secure and liberal basis. 471. Shakaishiso Kenkyuikai i- t.. E Lu t (Society for Study of Social Thought), Kawai Eijir6, denki to tsuis6 -5, ~ * A, _._ ~J. (Kawai Eijiro, biography and reminiscences), Toky6, Shakaishis6 Kenkyukai, 1948, 386+14pp. Kawai Eijiro (1891-1944) was an economist and well-known writer and speaker. He was a major figure in the Japanese liberal movement in recent times. The biographical section of this admiring account is by Kimura Kenko, while the reminiscences derive from a number of friends and associates. 472. Shiota Sh6bei - b ~ - tf ed., Kotoku Shasui no nikki to shokan 4 It t o- 1 1 b = (The diary and letters of Kotoku Shusui), T6kyo, Miraisha, 1954, 476pp. This makes available Kotoku's diary and a collection of his letters, neither of which appears in his Selected works. A bibliography of works by and about K6toku and a chronology of his life are appended. 473. Suzuki Torao /X L An* D ed., Katsunan bunroku t4 e t o (Essays by Katsunan), T6ky6, Dainichisha,
Page 63 POLITICAL THEORY AND THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT 63 1938, 12+6+865+12pp. A collection of essays by Kuga Katsunan, a nationalist journalist of the Meiji era and chief editor of the journal Nippon. 474. Tabata Shinobu ~ X A, Kato Hiroyuki no kokka shiso t 1 4 i_ 9 J ~ j.- - (Kato Hiroyuki's view of the state), T6kyo, Kawade Shobo, 1939, 223pp. A description of the development of Kato's theory of the state. The subject (1836-1916) was a notable political philosopher of the Meiji period with somewhat absolutist persuasions in this field. A bibliography and chronology of Kato's life are appended. 475. Tanaka Sogoro l t p. Kita Ikki bt - O (Kita Ikki), Miraisha, Toky6, 1959, 470pp. A well-documented and comprehensive biography of the most famous exponent of Japanese Fascism, author of Nihon kaizo hoan taiko e g; -L t -; <, (Draft outline of Japanese reconstruction) (Entry 460), which some of the insurgents at the time of the 2.26 Incident (Feb. 26, 1936) are said to have regarded as their ideological bible. This treats the life of Kita in the framework of the development of Japanese Fascism. It replaces a previous biography of Kita by the same author. 476. Tanaka Sogor6 V ~ ~ i, Kotoku Shusui -Kakumeika no shiso to sh6gai 1- lt: - - e J- '~ - E- (Kotoku Shusui-The thought and life of a revolutionary), Tokyo, Rironsha, 1955, 500pp. The most detailed biography of the early anarchist leader (1871-1911), K6toku Shusui. 477. Tanaka Sogoro W + t-. - X f, Yoshino Sakuzo i t 1~ J -, T6kyo, Miraisha, 1958, 450pp. The outstanding biography of one of Japan's greatest democratic theorists and scholars, a former professor of T6kyo University who died in 1933. The author, a noted historian, makes use of the newly discovered "Yoshino memoranda" and other hitherto unavailable materials. 478. Uchimura Kanzo V- i *T, Uchimura Kanzo chosakushiu V e A 4. SE- [ (Collected works of Uchimura Kanz6), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1953-55, 21v. A selection of the author's (1861-1930) writings regarded as most representative of his faith, thought, and personality. Uchimura was founder of the non-sectarian Protestant movement (Mukyokai) and one of Japan's foremost Christian leaders. 479. Uoki Tadaichi.. ~ - Niijima Jo, hito to shiso X- t — A e J.. —(Niijima Jo, the man and his thought), Kyoto, Doshisha Daigaku Shuppambu, 1950, 226pp. A standard biography of Joseph Hardy Niijima (1843-1890), the Christian leader and founder of Doshisha University. 480. Yamagiwa Keiji 4 ~ ~ [J, Kinoshita Naoe - f 07 7I- (Kinoshita Naoe), Tokyo, Rironsha, 1955, 258+44pp. A sympathetic account of the life and thought of this pioneer socialist leader (1869-1937). 481. Yoshino Sakuzo i ' 4 A_, Yoshino Sakuz6 Hakase minshu shugi ronshiu A it A \ t$ X v it t (Dr. Yoshino Sakuzo's collected writings on democracy), T6ky6, Shin Kigensha, 1947-8, 8v. Dr. Yoshino (1878-1933), former professor of political science at T6ky6 Imperial University, was perhaps the foremost academic exponent of what has come to be known as "Taish6 democracy." The present collection is organized into volumes on: democracy, discourses on democratic government, democratic reform of the Japanese government, global peace, social problems and social movements, Sino-Japanese relations, the history of the Chinese revolution, and studies in Meiji culture. See also Entries: 414, 509, 638, 661, 682, 1158.
Political History and the Recent Political Scene
pp. 64-85
Page 64 CHAPTER VI POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE The contents of the present chapter are as much historical as political science materials. No clear distinction is possible in such cases, but an attempt has been made to select only those works which devote a significant part of their attention to the specifically political aspects of history. It will be noted that prewar writings in this field tend to stop with the Meiji period. Later developments were quite correctly judged to be politically sensitive and risky. Consequently, it is only since 1945 that one will find any considerable volume of scholarly writing about the political history of the Taisho and Showa eras (1912 + ). This has been stimulated not only by the liberalized political climate of postwar Japan but also by the flood of new documentation made available by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, the opening of the surviving Foreign Ministry and Army and Navy Ministries' archives, and the tremendous outpouring of official and semi-official memoirs, biographies, and exposes which have characterized these recent years. Armed with these materials Japan's scholars are beginning to fill in the great gaps existing in the nation's modern political history. Obviously a large number bring to their tasks the philosophic and methodological orientations of economic determinists. This is, for example, by far the most common approach among contemporary Japanese historians. Still one does not have to probe very deeply to discover the existence of a growing opposition to such interpretations of recent Japanese history. Pragmatic and positivist approaches increasingly characterize some of the best work being done in this field. For convenience of reference the materials in this chapter have been classified under six heads: 1) general histories, 2) constitutional and legal histories, 3) histories of the Meiji period (1868-1912), 4) histories of the Taisho period (1912-1926), 5) histories of the Sh6wa period (1926+ ), and 6) biographies and memoirs. 1. General Histories The entries listed below are "general" in either or both of two senses. First, they cover more than the specifically political, constitutional, or legal aspects of Japanese history; economic, agricultural, financial, military, sociological, and other developments are also treated. Second, they cover either the total sweep of Japanese history or some larger segment thereof than one or the other of the three modern regnal periods: Meiji (1868-1912), Taish6 (1912-26), or Showa (1926+ ). Persons interested in more detailed coverage of the historical literature are referred to Professor J. W. Hall's bibliography in this series. 482. Asahi Shimbunsha 4E * }t l - (Asahi Press), Juyo shimen no nanajugo nen t k 0 9? 7Jr s (Important stories appearing in the Asahi during the last 75 years), T6ky6, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1954, 155pp. A very interesting collection of outstanding articles appearing in the Asahi from the first issue of January 25, 1879, to that of January 25, 1954. A chronology is appended. 483. Asahi Shimbunsha N 0 t r- a- (Asahi Press), Meiji Taish6shi O i A$ i- -- (History of the Meiji and Taish6 eras [1868 - 1926]), Toky6, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1930-31, 6v. A general history of the period of mediocre quality but useful as a source of factual information. Volume 6 by Nomura Hideo is devoted exclusively to political history recounted in chronological fashion. Frequent and extensive quotations from primary sources enhance its value. Volume 1 by Mitoro Masakazu provides quite detailed coverage of the intellectual aspects of political history during this period; volume 2 treats foreign relations; volume 3 economic history, volume 4 miscellaneous aspects of the culture, and volume 5 arts and crafts. A useful chart appended to volume 6 depicts the development and relationships of Japanese political parties. 484. Gendaishi Koza 4 A' - ~ J- (Essay series in modern history), Tokyo, S6bunsha, 1953-1954, 7v. An omnium-gatherum by a large number of eminent Japanese social scientists. The volume titles are indicative of the breadth of coverage: I, The modern age in crisis; II, Review of the twentieth century; III, Japan and world history; IV, Two worlds; V, Tasks for the future; VI, Dictionary of modern history (covering about 1,000 subjects, with a chronology); and VII, Trends in postwar Japan. Much of the writing provides an extremely interesting insight into the views of Japanese intellectuals on both international and domestic developments and trends. 485. Hayashi Shigeru i rt, Gendaishi —Nihon no hyakunen t, O _ a; ~ (One hundred years of modern Japan), T6ky6, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1957, 2v. An interesting and useful introduction to Japanese political history from the end of Tokugawa to postwar times written from the viewpoint of the so-called "Rono School." Professor Hayashi had the able assistance of Ouchi Tsutomu and Konishi Shiro in the preparation of this work. It includes valuable sketches of the personalities and connections of important political figures. 486. Hayashida Kametaro i. \- k, ~ 3, Meiji Taish6 seikai sokumenshi a;/ A f- o A t t_ (Sidelights on the political history of the Meiji and Taisho eras [ 1868 - 1926 ]), T6kyo, Dai Nihon Yubenkai Kodansha, 1927. 64
Page 65 POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE 65 487. Hirabayashi Hatsunosuke e St As -- '_, Nihon jiyushugi hattatsushi a q k A o ' - (History of the development of Japanese liberalism), Tokyo, Nippon Hy6ronsha, 1924. Covers the rise of political "liberalism" in Japan and the struggles of its proponents against despotic and clan governments since the decline of the feudal system. 488. Hirano Yoshitaro? t ', K if, Burujoa minshu shugi kakumei 7' n, - I L 1 k X (The bourgeois-democratic revolution), Tokyo, 1948. A series of related essays covering European democratic revolutions, the decline of Tokugawa feudalism, the rise of the democratic movement in Japan during mid-Meiji and the economic aspects of this movement, and the rise of nationalism in Japan. The general quality of the essays is high. 489. Hosokawa Kameichi., 1 -, Nihon seijishi a;, -. + v_ (Political history of Japan), T6kyo, Nankosha, 1939, 14+286pp. A very generalized political history with major sections devoted to each historical era from ancient to modern. Within each era, subsections discuss the political theories, concepts of the national polity, political structure, and political methods and processes which characterized the times. Treatment ends with the opening of the Diet. 490. Imanaka Tsugimaro i ~. ~, Nihon seijishi taik6o a $ -a g.I. (Outline of Japanese political history), T6kyo, Nank6sha, 1936, 495pp. A standard general survey of Japanese political history from the earliest to modern time. The work is organized by broad periods as follows: the tribal state, including foundations of the state, early patriarchal organization of government and the nature of early local governments; the imperial state covering the Taika Reform, the centralization of authority and the development of shoen; the feudal state, including the organization of the Kamakura Bakufu and the development of the feudal system; the people's state, treating the Meiji Restoration and constitutional government; and a discussion of Japanese parliaments from the establishment of the prefectural assemblies to the opening of the Diet. 491. Inoue Kiyoshi - - i, Nihon seiji fuhaishi g i; $,- ai LLt (History of political corruption in Japan), Kyoto, San Ichi Shobo, 1948, 189pp. The author describes a selection of notable cases of political corruption in Japan and uses these data in an attempt to document the thesis that such corruption is essential to the exploiting classes for the maintenance of their rule. 492. Inoue Kiyoshi i E- $ and Suzuki Seishi 0 ~ I, Nihon kindaishi s; ti 4 0 (History of modern Japan), Tokyo, Godo Shuppansha, 1955-6, 2v. A Marxist analysis of Japanese history from the Restoration to present time, with emphasis upon the attempt of the Japanese people to achieve national emancipation, peace, progress, and a stable livelihood. 493. Irimajiri Yoshinaga X ~_-,i~, Seiji gojunen c -- - X _- (Half a century of politics), T6kyo, Jiji Tsushinsha, 1951, 300pp. A standard history of Japanese politics during the first 50 years of the present century by a professor of socio-economic history at Waseda University. 494. Itakura Takuzo it ' J 'f, Kbkumin seiji jidai |g A,_ K { ' AN (The era of popular government), T6ky6, Ookayama Shoten, 1927, 450pp. A somewhat optimistic account of the "new order" in Japan which treats the following matters: the development of civil rights in respect to security of person and possessions, freedom of thought, etc.; the protection of these rights by laws and the courts; the political rights of the people, contrasting the older imperial theories with the then existing constitutional theories, and discussing the right to elect the members of the House of Representatives; representative government, its origins and its relation to political parties; the national Diet and local assemblies; the popular election of members of local assemblies; and government by public opinion, its historical development in Japan, its relations to the press, etc. 495. Ito Chimazo 4 * k il --, Nihon kokutai semmeishi A ~ ~ _ (Explanatory history of the Japanese polity), Tokyo, Hobunkan, 1926. 496. Iwata Mamoru, ~ ', Minsei shikan 4& _ _ v- (Historical survey of popular government), T6kyo, Fuzamb6, 1916. A history of the development of self-government from the earliest times. 497. Konishi Shiro '1 P a t ed., Kindai shakai o 4e (Modern society), Toky6, Asakura Shoten, 1954, 474pp. A well-written account of modern Japanese history from 1877 to the present, with stress on the Meiji and Taish6 periods. Its interest in social history makes it of special interest. 498. Koyama Hirotake 4- a-g ' 4l and Asada Mitsuteru 4? ~, Nihon teikokushugishi 0 ~; - 3 a ~ L (History of Japanese imperialism), 1958-59, 3v.
Page 66 66 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE A detailed treatment of the development of Japanese imperialism from the Meiji Restoration to the end of the Pacific War. The authors use two concepts of Japanese imperialism: a "military and feudal" type and a "modern" type stemming from the development of monopoly capital. Vol. 1 is entitled The formation of Japanese imperialism (1885-1914); Vol. II, The development of Japanese imperialism (1914-1931); and Vol. III The collapse of Japanese imperialism (1931-1945). 499. Nihon shihonshugi hattatsushi k6za i 7 $ ' R j - 7 - (Essay series on the history of the development of Japanese capitalism), Toky6, Iwanami, 1932-33, 7v. This is the first comprehensive treatment of Japanese capitalism by a group of prominent Marxist historians. Their interpretation was highly controversial in Japan and gave rise to extensive governmental censorhip. The authors collectively came to be known as the "K6za School, " and subsequently engaged in a series of vigorous disputes on the nature of Japanese capitalism with another group known as the "R6no School." The present series is divided into three major parts: I, History of the Meiji Restoration; II, History of the development of Japanese capitalism; and III, The present status of Japanese imperialism. The work is still highly regarded in many academic circles and provides a point of departure for much Marxist writing in postwar Japan. Among the more prominent members of the original group were: Hani Gor6, Hattori Shis6, Hirano Yoshitaro, and Yamada Moritaro. 500. Okuma Shigenobu / — - t 1-, Kaikoku gojunenshi eM [l - + _ - (History of the 50 years since the reopening of Japan), T6ky6, Kaikoku Gojuinenshi Hakk6jo, 1907 - 08, 2v. A famous and very useful collection of brief essays on all aspects of Japanese culture, including the political, written by Japan's most prominent authorities. The political scientist will find Abe Isoo's article on socialism in Japan and Count Okuma's on political parties of particular interest. The work has been translated into English under the title Fifty years of new Japan (London, 1910). 501. Oshima Ken'ichiro.- A I - ', Gendai dai Nihon seijishi 4 ' A, $ A &_ 4 (Political history of modern Japan), Tokyo, Teikoku Kyoiku Kenkydkai, 1928, 3v. 502. Ouchi Hyoe ~ P *-, Arisawa Hiromi -# a., Uno Koz6o It A A and Sakisaka Itsuro Mli *. _ - eds., Gendai Nihon shihonshugi taikei 4 h a,; - X <. (Contemporary Japanese capitalism), T6kyo, Kobund6, 1957-8, 7v. This series represents a major undertaking by a large group of Japanese economists. Their perhaps optimistic hope is to put an end to the academic controversy which has raged for some 30 years over the nature of Japanese capitalism. Proponents of several schools of thought are included among the contributors. Publication is to be completed during 1958. The contents are arranged as follows: I, Monopoly capitalism; II, Medium-size enterprises; mI, Agriculture; IV, Labor; V, Finance; VI, Politics; and VII, the World and Japan. 503. Rekishigaku Kenkyukai It tf fh C 4 (Historical Study Association) and Nihonshi Kenkyukai 0f~ f,- I (Japanese History Association), Nihon rekishi koza Ba 4 —,1 -. (Essay series on Japanese history), T6kyo, T6ky6 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1956-7, 8v. A series of historical studies by members of the younger "progressive" school of Japanese historians. Of particular interest to political scientists are: vol. 5-"Development of the modern age," devoted to the Meiji era; vol. 6-"Japanese imperialism," covering developments from 1912 to 1945; and vol. 7-"Ten Years of postwar Japan," on recent developments. 504. R6yama Masamichi * d&, '_, ed., Seiji oyobi seijishi kenkyu 4_; A-e + _ 4 (Studies in politics and political history), T6ky6, 1935. A collection of essays edited by Professor Royama in honor of the late Yoshino Sakuz6. Covers a large variety of political topics. Oka Yoshitaka's article, entitled "The international situation as it was viewed by those in the democratic movement in the early years of Meiji," is especially good. It shows clearly the aggressive nationalism in foreign affairs of Japan's early liberals. 505. R6yama Masamichi *v A m._, Seijishi a:_;i t_ (Political history), Tokyo, T6y6 Keizai Shimp6sha, 1940, 476pp. A good general account by one of Japan's best known political scientists which covers Japanese political history from 1868 to the incident of May 15, 1932. It is primarily a straight chronological and descriptive account of events, but also devotes some attention to political philosophies and ideas. 506. Uehara Senroku -- A,4 and Nishioka Toranosuke 7014, i_, Nihon rekishi koza v X f4 _, - ~ - (Essay series on Japanese history), T6ky6, Kawade Shob6, 1951-52, 8v. Volumes 5, 6 and 7 of this series are devoted to modern Japanese history. Their coverage is as follows: vol. 5 —the end of Tokugawa to mid-Meiji; vol. 6-mid-Meiji to early Sh6wa; and vol. 7-early Sh6wa to the Japanese surrender in 1945. See JWH, Entry 734. 507. Watanabe Tamotsu _ ' {- and Takahashi Shin'ichi j 4, -, Nihon no seiji ~ 4- e At (Japanese politics), Toky6, Keisetsu Shoin, 1940, 16+155+137pp. A straight political history devoted in large part to ancient and medieval times, but with a concluding section on the Restoration.
Page 67 POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE 67 508. Yanaihara Tadao T. t ) t ed., Gendai Nihon sh6shi BJ 0 S I. (Brief history of contemporary Japan), T6kyo, Misuzu Shobo, 1954, 3v. A brief topical history of post-Restoration Japan edited by a former president of T6ky6 University with contributions by five other prominent members of the University faculty. It includes: I, An introduction by Yanaihara; and the following essays: II, Economic history by Ouchi Hyoe; III, Political history by Oka Yoshitaka; IV, Legal history by Wagatsuma Sakae; V, Labor history by Okochi Kazuo; and VI, Educational history by Munakata Seiya. It has also been published in a two-volume de luxe edition. 509. Yoshino Sakuz6o ~ t 4 A-, Gendai seiji k6wa m (-C L ( ~ ~ (Lectures on contemporary politics), Toky6, Bunka Seikatsu Kenkyukai, 1926, 22+537+8pp. A series of articles setting forth the views of the late Professor Yoshino on a variety of practical political issues and events transpiring in the early twenties. Yoshino was one of the most important figures in the development of the discipline of political science in Japan. 510. Yoshino Sakuzo ~ M F -, Seijishi iL i _ (Political history), Toky6, Bunshinsha, 1926. A work based on the late Professor Yoshino's course in political history at T6ky6 Imperial University. See also Entries: 749, 1121, 1461. 2. Constitutional and Legal Histories Constitutional and legal history has long been a favored topic among Japanese scholars, who have over the years produced a rich and extensive literature. Most of the material bears upon prewar developments but within the past year or so the origins and elaboration of the postwar constitutional and legal structure have received more systematic attention. Detailed and informative accounts of prewar constitutional history are particularly numerous, but some special notice might perhaps be accorded to Otsu Jun'ichiros great ten-volume Dai Nihon kenspishi (Entry 535) which traces the constitutional and political history of Japan from 1867 to 1926 with extensive quotations from primary sources. Among primary sources on the Meiji constitution, Prince Ito's Kemp6 shiry6 (Entry 520) is of outstanding value. Where the history of the present Japanese constitution is concerned, Sat6 Tatsuo's study (Entry.537) offers the most detailed account of its actual origins, while Sat6 Isao's Kemp6 kaisei no keika (Entry 536) provides an excellent insight into its early legislative history. For prewar legal history in general the great fourteen volume series presently appearing under the joint editorship of Professors Ukai, Fukushima, Kawashima, and Tsuji is particularly recommended (See Entry 542). 511. Aragaki Seiki Or b- -;, Okinawa h6seishi t A,; $\ _ (Legislative history of Okinawa), Naha, Araki Shoten, 1933, 163pp. 512. Asai Kiyoshi ->.4, Meiji rikken shis6shi ni okeru eikoku gikai seido no eiky6 ] id. A LrR t 1 4 L t - Id (The influence of the English parliamentary system upon constitutional thought in the Meiji era), Tokyo, Ganshodo, 1935, 11+425+9pp. An interesting study by a former Kei6 professor of the introduction of English parliamentary ideas into Japan in post-Restoration days and their supplantation by ideas of Prussian origins. 513. Fujii Jintaro 4 T -~ 2 A, Nihon kempo seiteishi a $ ~ ~i L'\ _ t (History of the formulation of the Japanese constitution), To::y6, Yuzankaku, 1929, 2+6+312pp. The first part of this work describes the historical background of the constitutional movement in modern Japan from ancient times to the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate, stressing concepts of the roles of public opinion and of the several social classes in the governing process. The second part covers constitutional developments from the Restoration to the promulgation of the Constitution in 1890 and describes the growth of the constitutional movement, political parties, etc. 514. Gikai Seijisha Henshubu \ i- k- e ~ (Parliamentary Politics Association, Editorial Staff), Nihon kensei kis6 shiry6o ~ ~ _ _ I ' (Basic materials on the Japanese constitution), T6ky6, Gikai Seijisha, 1939, 486pp. A valuable collection of documents edited by Watanabe Ikujiro and derived from the period 1868-1889. They include many of the basic laws, memoranda, speeches, party platforms, etc. about which the great pre-constitutional issues of the day revolved. It is a particularly good source for the views of the important statesmen and political parties on the proposed constitution. 515. Hisada Eisei. ~ if —, Nihon kemposhi a $. -A J (History of the Japanese constitution), Kyoto, Horitsu Bunkasha, 1959, 344pp. An interesting attempt to view the new Japanese constitution, its origins and postwar development in a "social science" framework rather than in the traditional legal one. The author favors the present constitution and discusses its relationship to prevalent Japanese political attitudes, the imperial system, the educational and mass media system, and its economic foundations. An appendix compares the texts of the Meiji and present constitutions with those of the original "MacArthur Draft" and the more recent Hirose Draft of a proposed revised constitution. A chronology is also appended.
Page 68 68 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 516. Ikebe Yoshikata -; i ~ t, Nihon h6seishi B t- '1 (History of the Japanese legal system), T6ky6, Hakubunkan, 1912, 1022pp. Of little use for information on contemporary legal organization or practice but a classic treatment of the pre-Restoration background and history of Japanese law by a famous professor of law at Ky6to Imperial University. 517. Inada Shunosuke 4t \~ 1 - I, Nihon kensei teiy6 e L X, -~- (Manual of the Japanese constitution), T6kyo, Yuihikaku, 1913, lv. A standard history of constitutional government in Japan which lays particular stress on the development of liberal thought during early Meiji, on political conditions at the time of the adoption of the constitution, and on the actual processes of constitutional government. It is primarily a political survey. With the author's Nihon seitaishi (Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1914), it comprises a political history of Japan from the earliest times to the end of Meiji. 518. Ishii Ryosuke a t g, Meiji bunkashi, hoseihen a -tg _ A ) _,: - 'l. (History of Meiji culture: section on the legal system), Toky6, Y6y6sha, 1954, 679pp. This is generally regarded as one of the best and most comprehensive introductions to the legal history of the Meiji period (1868-1912). It is divided into an historical introduction, a general discussion, and sections on public and private law. 519. Ishii Ryosuke F -- * O, Nihon h6seishi gaiyo j } j Id L L- (Outline of Japanese legal history), Toky6, Sobunsha, 1952, 247+20pp. This is perhaps the best known general survey of Japanese legal history from ancient times to the present. A detailed bibliography of relevant books and articles is appended. 520. It6 Hirobumi 4' ~k i.L, ed., Kemp6 shiry6o -; J 1- (Materials on the constitution), T6kyo, Kempo Shiry6 Kank6kai, 1934, 3v. These three volumes represent a culling from Ito's vast Hisho ruisan of those texts, drafts, organization plans, notes, speeches, rescripts, etc. which bear on the constitution. It contains a wealth of primary materials of the greatest value for research on the immediate origins of the constitution of 1890. The actual editing of the collection was done by Kaneko Kentaro and Hiratsuka Atsushi under It6's general supervision. 521. Kiyoura Keigo -; -4 4 -4, Meiji hoseishi ] -q -A $'1 t (Legal history of the Meiji era), T6kyo, Meih6d6, 1899, 613pp. An old but well known legal history of the early years of modern Japan. It treats the history and content of the constitution and the other basic laws of the state, the nature and structure of Japanese administrative law, the provisions for administrative litigation, and the organization and functioning of the judicial system. 522. Kobayakawa Kingo,\- - "{ -, Meiji h6seishiron ];A $& 1 3_ (Legal history of the Meiji period), Tokyo, Gansh6od, 1940, 2v. A definitive work for this period. 523. Kokka Gakkai /1 t ' * (Political Science Association), Kokka Gakkai s6ritsu mansanjunen kinen Meiji kensei keizai shiron I^, -J _ t -A - + t _. I ar st _, > - K- Ia (Essays on the constitutional and economic history of the Meiji era [1868-1912] in commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the Political Science Association), Tokyo, Kokka Gakkai, 1919, 431pp. A collection of essays of outstanding research value. The majority of the contributions are written by prominent statesmen who themselves participated in the events which they discuss. Includes the following essays: Fukuoka Takachika-"Origins of the 5-Article Oath and the constitution", Kaneko Kentaro-"Origins of the constitution"; Okuma Shigenobu-"Japanese political parties"; Itagaki Taisuke -"Origins of constitutional government in Japan"; and Yamagata Aritomo-"History of the establishment of conscription and of the local government system." 524. Kud6 Takeshige X- j A ~, Meiji kenseishi oh:~. X ~_ (Constitutional history of the Meiji era [1868-1912]), Toky6, Okano Sh6gakkai, 1936, rev. ed., 1072pp. This was Professor Kudo's doctoral dissertation. It discusses in great detail the events and relations leading to the promulgation of the Constitution of 1890, the development of political parties, the establishment of the cabinet, the promulgation of the constitution, relations between the government and the political parties, the record of the Diet, and political developments in general during the Meiji era. 525. Kudo Takeshige::, A, Taisho kenseishi _t _ ~ _ ~ (Constitutional history of the Taish6 era [1912-1926]), Toky6, Okano Shogakkai, 1930, 2v. A standard and detailed political history of the Taisho era, supplementing the author's similar study of the Meiji era and, like that, also a part of his doctoral dissertation. Volume 1 treats the period during which the Emperor Taisho legally ruled the state, while volume 2 covers the declining years of the era when the present emperor legally ruled as regent in his father's stead. Each volume is divided into two sections, the first of which covers constitutional developments in general during the period, i.e. the political scene in
Page 69 POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE 69 general, activities of political parties, the composition and program of the cabinets, etc., while the second is a very detailed session-by-session account of the activities of the Diet. 526. Kumagai Kaisaku.. P 1% -, Nihon kindaiho no seiritsu _ j -;a x 1 -r- (The development of modern Japanese law), Ky6to, Horitsu Bunkasha, 1955, 204pp. A study of the historical development of modern Japanese law from the period of Dajokan edicts to the establishment of the modern codes in Meiji times. 527. Miura Shuko -_ ' I* ] \, H6seishi no kenky5 -:f Zi { F j j (Study of legal history), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1925, rev. ed., 1563pp. One of the definitive histories of Japanese law and legal institutions. Valuable as background material only, since it is concerned primarily with pre-Restoration developments. 528. Nakamura Kichisaburo. t, F ~ A, Meiji hoseishi we At -i 1 - (Legal history of the Meiji era), Kobundo, 1955, 244pp. A study of Meiji legal history and institutions with special reference to the "popular rights" movement. There are sections on: Oi Kentaro and Ono Azusa and the development of legal history, problems of treaty amendment, the promulgation of the Meiji constitution, and controversies attendant upon the codification of the laws. 529. Nakano Seigo ~ t - E S\, Meiji minken shiron h -;, it _ ~ (Treatise on the history of civil rights during the Meiji era), T6ky6, 1913, 502pp. Treats the general political history of the era from 1868 to 1898 as well as its special subject. Covers such matters as: the spirit of the Restoration, the upsurge of discussions of civil rights, formation of political parties, bureaucratic government and the Westernization policy, the political scene prior to the opening of the Diet, regrettable aspects of the early career of the Diet, conflicts between the government and popular political parties, history of political factions and splits, and the success and subsequent failure of the amalgamation of popular parties. 530. Okubo Toshiaki 2t;L t \ L, Meiji kempo no dekiru made s;-. -S N z (Until the Meiji constitution came into being), T6ky6, Shibund6, 1956, 215pp. A general survey of the background of the Meiji constitution by a professor at Nagoya University. 531. Osatake Takeki /ej {4- ~k, Nihon kemp6 seitei shiy6o a.. *'], _ - (Brief history of the enactment of the Japanese constitution), T6kyo, Ikuseisha, 1938, 297pp. Osatake Takeki is one of the most authoritative and prolific of Japan's constitutional historians, and the Restoration and constitutional periods are his particular specialties. This is one of his briefer treatments of the latter. It covers such matters as early constitutional theorists and theories, the Five-Article Oath, the Osaka Conference, the Genr6in, prefectural assemblies, supreme court, the development of early political parties, the popular rights movement, crisis of 1881, It6's European trip and studies, the drafting of the constitution, the debates thereon, and its promulgation. 532. Osatake Takeki /lL 4f r fk, Nihon kenseishi a t -J n _ (History of constitutional government in Japan), Toky6, Nihon Hy6ronsha, 1930, 408pp. A detailed account of constitutional developments in Japan from the end of Tokugawa to the first general election under the Constitution of 1890 (1867-1890). The work is divided into 3 major sections: 1) The origins of constitutional government, 2) the period of preparation for constitutional government, and 3) the constitutional period proper. It covers all important political developments during these years with excellent sections on pre-constitutional assemblies, clan assemblies, the establishment of the cabinet, genr6in, supreme court, etc. 533. Osatake Takeki /t 4- ~, Nihon kenseishi ronshiu E l - (Collected essays on Japanese constitutional history), T6ky6, Ikuseisha, 1937, 385pp. Another of Osatake's numerous surveys of this field. The present entry partially duplicates the preceding one. It treats of the significance of the restoration of imperial rule, the background of the Five-Article Oath, clan and local assemblies, and various pre-Ito constitutional projects. 534. Osatake Takeki g_ -- k -, Nihon kenseishi taik6. _ o,dt..q (Summary of Japanese constitutional history), T6ky6, Nihon Hy6ronsha, 1938-39, 2v. The most valuable of Osatake's works on this period. Covers the same material noted in the two preceding entries, but in greater detail. An indefatigable researcher, Osatake has based this study almost completely on a wide selection of primary sources, including such rare items as files of early Meiji newspapers. 535. Otsu Jun'ichir6 t- +4 -t -,, Dai Nihon kenseishi 3 9 ~- L _t (Constitutional history of Japan), Toky6, H6bunkan, 1927-28, 10v. The most detailed and valuable of Japanese constitutional histories, this enormous work-each volume runs from 800 to 1200 pages-traces the constitutional and political history of Japan from the Restoration to the
Page 70 70 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE end of Taisho (1926). Arrangement is chronological with primary emphasis on the successive cabinets and Diet sessions. Volume 1 covers developments from 1867 - 1875; volume 2, 1875 - 1885; volume 3, 1885 - 1892; volume 4, 1892 - 1898; volume 5, 1898 - 1905; volume 6, 1905 - 1912; volume 7, 1912-1916; volume 8, 1917 - 1920; and volume 9, 1921 - 1926. Within each volume several chapters are apt to depart from the chronological arrangement and discuss a major constitutional or political crisis as an entity in itself. Volume 10 is a collection of essays on special constitutional problems such as publishing and constitutional government, national defense and constitutional government, and similar treatments of education, industry, communications, finance, the administration of justice, and religions. To these are added very extensive statistical tables giving a complete record of the various summons, openings, closings, prorogations and dissolutions of the Diet; a wealth of other statistical data on the Diet; a complete roster of members of the House of Representatives by parties or factions from the first (1890) to the 55th (1928) Diet sessions; a roster of the officers of all parties in the House of Representatives from the 13th (1898) to the 55th (1928) Diet sessions; a table of party strengths by general elections and Diet sessions for the first (1890) to the 16th (1928) general elections; a table of changes in membership in the House of Representatives from the first (1890) to the 51st (1925) Diet sessions; and a chronology of the construction of Japanese naval vessels. The entire set is an invaluable source of factual information, rendered even more useful by the frequent inclusion of extensive quotations from a wide variety of primary sources. It is not indexed, but the chronological arrangement makes it easy to use. 536. Sat6 Isao i -- l a, Kemp6 kaisei no keika L ja - A_ (The course of constitutional reform), T6ky6, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1947, 359pp. A detailed and very valuable account of the development of the constitutional reform issue in Japan from September 1945 to the beginning of 1947. Discusses the origins of the issue, the attitudes of the early postwar governments, the establishment of the drafting commission, SCAP's orders, the debate in the 89th session of the Diet, the position of the emperor issue, the various revised drafts, the constitution in the 1946 general elections, constitutional debates in the 90th Diet, and the attitude of various individuals and parties on this issue. Appendices include a number of extremely useful documents e.g. draft versions of a constitution submitted by all major political parties, and the variant drafts of the House of Representatives and House of Peers. The author obviously did not feel free to discuss the role of SCAP in the drafting of the constitution, and the work suffers as a consequence. 537. Sato Tatsuo t # jAt, Nihonkoku kemp6 tanj6ki Y A Ls i -a b je (A record of the birth of the Japanese constitution), T6kyo, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, 1957, 239pp. The author was chief of the First Section of the Cabinet Bureau of Legislation in early 1946 and served as Minister Matsumoto's chief assistant in drafting and revising the several preliminary versions of the present constitution produced by the Japanese government. This is intended as a semi-popular account of the origins of the Japanese constitution. For a more technical version of essentially the same materials, see the same author's, Nihonkoku kempo seiritsushi (History of the formation of the Japanese constitution) in Jurisuto No. 81 (May 1, 1955)+. 538. Suzuki Yasuzo 4 i - S t, Kempo no rekishiteki kenkyu a. -;o _, t j (Historical study of the constitution), T6ky6, S6bunkaku, 1934, 487pp. A good critical study of several historical aspects of the Japanese constitution. The first part discusses the French and Prussian constitutions, while ensuing sections treat such aspects of the Japanese constitution of 1890 as: the pre-1890 opinions of a number of Japanese officials on the establishment of a constitution; the constitutional issue in public opinion at the same time; preparations for promulgating the constitution; contemporary scholarly views of the constitution; and the relationship of the supreme command and the cabinet system under the constitution of 1890. 539. Suzuki Yasuz6 4 t - - Ad, Nihon kempOgaku no seitan to hatten v f -A ~ ~ i I/ (Origins and development of Japanese constitutional studies), Tokyo, Sobunkan, 1934, 234pp. A very interesting series of brief essays by a noted liberal scholar on such matters as: the intellectual background of constitutional studies in Japan; the origins and development of such studies; the Japanese constitution and constitutional government; the past, present, and probable future of liberalism in Japan; and the constitution and party government. Appendices give a brief history of constitutional government in Japan, a history of the constitution and of constitutional studies. There is a bibliography. 540. Takigawa Masajiro -A, " t,L, Nihon h6seishi - A -i -f (History of Japanese legal system), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1930, 6+36+616pp. A standard legal history well recommended by several authorities. 541. Uehara Etsujir6 i_ 1 C;i e, Nihon minken hattatsushi 0s 4 t -, (History of the development of civil rights in Japan), T6ky6, Seiky6sha, 1920, 653pp. A good factual account of the development of the popular rights movement and parliamentary government from the Restoration to 1914 by an American-trained political scientist. The author's evaluation of these developments appears, however, to be somewhat optimistic and uncritical. The work treats the various political crises during Meiji, the growth and development of the popular rights movement, the split between
Page 71 POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE 71 civil and military officials, the effects of the Korean crisis, and the emergence of parliamentary government and political parties. 542. Ukai Nobushige ^ ]^; A, Fukushima Masao, j S-.., Kawashima Takeyoshi \,I A ~ and Tsuji Kiyoaki _ -;o At, Nihon kindaih6 hattatsushi k6za - z? t A t - t_ $! t_ (Essay series on the history of the development of modern Japanese law), Toky6, Keis6 Shob6, 1958+, 14v.+ One supplementary volume. As its subtitle, "Capitalism and the development of law", indicates, this series is intended to treat the development of Japanese law with special reference to its social and economic foundations. The fourteen volumes are divided chronologically into four subseries focussed on the following periods: 1868-1888, 1889 -1914, 1915-1931, and 1932-1945. Five volumes had appeared by the fall of 1958. The editors are all wellknown authorities associated with T6ky6 University. The series promises to be of outstanding value. 543. Watanabe Ikujiro -;f -iL- _ -:, Nihon kempo seiteishi k6 a $. -; FJt _ (Lectures on the history of the establishment of the Japanese constitution), T6ky6, Chikura Shob6, 1939, 405pp. A descriptive account of a large number of men and events. After a brief historical survey of the enactment of the constitution of 1890 and political conditions at the time, the author discusses the Five-Article Oath, Prince It6's views on the constitution and on political parties, the establishment of the cabinet system, Fukuzawa Yukichi's constitutional theories, post-Restoration changes in concepts of the imperial system and the national polity, and Okuma Shigenobu's political theories. 544. Yamazaki Matajiro i Z_- L 2, Kempo no seijiteki k6sei to shakaiteki k6sei I- -i e 0t: i h z H_ t- 4 4* (The political and social structure of the constitution), T6ky6, Maruzen, 1936, 554pp. See also Entries: 117, 420, 749, 756, 758, 759, 778, 779. 3. Meiji Period (1868-1912) The study of Restoration and Meiji history has long been the major focal point of Japanese historical scholarship and has produced an enormous and rich literature on the subject. The following entries represent only a very partial selection of some of the more important items of particular interest to political scientists. The secondary works listed are too numerous for comment, but at least three of the compilations of primary materials require special notice. Most generally useful among these is Yoshino Sakuz6's great twenty-fourvolume Meiji bunka zenshu (Entry 587), a monumental collection of materials on all aspects of Meiji culture. Of outstanding research value also are the twenty-five volumes of the Hisho ruisan (Entry 554), which collect the great bulk of the major political documentation of the Meiji era, and the great collection of Meiji newspaper articles and editorials contained in the fifteen volumes of Entry 562. 545. Fujii Jintar&o * #, - t, Meiji ishinshi k6wa v -,~ % q- ~ (Lectures on the history of the Meiji Restoration), Toky6, 1937, 308pp. A good general history of the period solidly based on excellent sources. The author shows greater awareness of the importance of social forces in the Restoration movement than is usual. Covers social organization and intellectual currents during late Tokugawa, the signs of social decay and growing dissatisfaction, the political roles of the several social classes, the fragmentation of political authority, the course of the consolidation movement, and the social phenomena of early Meiji. 546. Fujii Jintaro Ot& # k itp and Moriya Hidesuke X a, _, Meiji jidaishi;- ~A 4' ' - (History of the Meiji era), T6ky6, Naigai Shosekisha, 1934, 948pp. [ =v. 12 of the Sogo Nihonshi taikei A / f~ A i (Outline of Japanese history), Toky6, 1934.] This excellent general history of the Meiji era from 1867 to 1885 is based largely on official documents, the private papers of prominent statesmen, and similar primary sources. The authors, as editors of many historical materials for the Ministry of Education, apparently had unusual access to archival materials. Their treatment is partly chronological, partly topical, with convenient subject annotations in the top margins of their pages. Extensive quotations from rare and important documents are frequent. A brief but excellent bibliographical essay is included. 547. Hani Gor6o - 4=-i- &, Meiji ishinshi kenkyu d;-~. _ -, # _ (Studies in the Meiji Restoration), T6kyo, Iwanami, 1956, 415+11llpp. An excellent exemplar of the Marxist interpretation of the significance of the Restoration period. Great emphasis is placed upon the importance of popular movements, such as peasant revolts. 548. Hattori Shiso chosakushiu _ -, 4 ^ t$ (Collected works of Hattori Shiso), Toky6, Rironsha, 1955, 7v. A collection of the author's works written between 1930 and his death in 1956. Hattori's chief interest lay in the development of the imperial system and its effects on modern Japanese history. His approach was Marxian. The collection is organized into volumes on: I, Methods for the study of the Meiji Restoration; II, The history of manufacturing; III, On history; IV, On absolutism; V, the Meiji revolution; VI, Meiji intellectual history; and VII, the Japanese empire. Some of the essays in his Tojo seiken no rekishiteki k6kei (Historical background of the T6j6 regime) Toky6, Hakuyosha, 1949, 228pp., are collected in Volume VII.
Page 72 72 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 549. Hirano Yoshitar6 ~ ff k A 1, Minken undo no hatten k41L*ht I- (Development of the popular rights movement), Tokyo, Yukeisha, 1948, 240pp. A Marxist-oriented account of participation by the "common people" in the popular rights movement during the Meiji period. The emphasis is on the role of Oi Kentar6. 550. Inoue Kiyoshi ~ i-4, Nihon gendaishi, ichi 0 A t, X (History of modern Japan, Vol. 1), Tokyo, T6kyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1951, 365pp. This is the first volume of a projected history of modern Japan. It covers the period from the end of the Tokugawa period to the creation of the prefectures in 1871, and emphasizes the Western impact on Japan. 551. Ishida Bunshir6 ' a ' w p, Shimbun zasshi ni arawareta Meiji jidai bunka kiroku shdsei * ],-t- r,~ \L f` _ ~ iO_ 4 U.j f 0 (Records of Meiji culture compiled from contemporary newspapers and magazines), T6ky6, Jidai Bunka Kenkyukai, 1934, 547pp. A detailed account of Meiji politics, foreign relations, economics, education, social affairs, etc. presented in the form of excerpts from the newspapers and magazines of the time. It is arranged in chronological order. This volume covers only the period from February 1867 to December 1887. Further volumes were planned. 552. Ishii Takashi a 4 /-, Meiji ishin no kokusaiteki kanky6o i8. 44 ) f t 4,j (International environment of the Meiji Restoration), Toky6, Yoshikawa K6bunkan, 1957, 672+39pp. A well-documented analysis of the political situation at the time of the Meiji Restoration, with special reference to British and French influences. 553. It6 Chiyiu ~1 t 4- X_, Kakuretaru jijitsu Meiji rimenshi A '~. e [ ~ 4 ~ - [t_ (Inside history of behind-the-scenes events during Meiji), T6ky6, Seik6kan, 1924, 2v. Volume 1 is devoted to a chronological account of political events, with special attention to the major incidents and scandals of the time, from 1867 to 1876. Volume 2 covers the remaining years of Meiji in similar fashion, paying particular attention to the nefarious activities of political parties and the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese war periods. 554. Ito Hirobumi 4? f~ 4 L-, ed., Hisho ruisan, ~ 1 ~ (Classified collection of secret records), T6ky6, Hisho Ruisan Kank6kai, 1933-36, rev. ed., 25v. A great collection of important documents on all aspects of the Restoration and the subsequent organization and administration of the new government in Japan during the Meiji era. It was originally compiled under the general supervision of Prince It6 for presentation to the Emperor Meiji. The present revised edition is edited by Kurino Shin'ichir6 and Hiratsuka Atsushi. It is a vast aggregation of texts and drafts of laws, organization plans, statements of objectives, imperial rescripts, ordinances, treaties, etc., and contains a wealth of rare and valuable materials. The work is divided into the following distinct series: Sino-Japanese affairs (lv., 1933); Foreign relations (2v., 1934); Materials on legislation (2v., 1934-35); Materials on the Imperial Diet (lv., 1934); National finance (3v., 1935-36); Commerce and industry (lv., 1935); Military administration (lv., 1935); Governmental organization (lv., 1935); Documents concerning the imperial household (2v., 1936); Documents concerning Korean relations (3v., 1936); Documents concerning Formosa (lv., 1936); Materials on the Japanese constitution (3v., 1935); Miscellaneous (4v., 1936). 555. Kaikoku Hyakunen Kinen Bunka Jigy6kai 3 @ -~ utr - L- J R t ~ (Cultural Association for the Commemoration of the Centennial of the Opening of Japan), Meiji bunkashi o is A t _ (History of Meiji culture), T6kyo, Y6y6sha, 1955-6, 14v. A compendious series issued in commemoration of the centenary of Commodore Perry's arrival in Japan. Volume titles indicate the coverage: 1) General survey, 2) Legal system, 3) Education and morals, 4) Ideas and their expression, 5) Academic persuits, 6) Religion, 7) Literature, 8) Fine arts, 9) Music and drama, 10) Hobbies and recreation, 11) Society, 12) Life, 13) Customs and manners, and 14) General index. An English translation of the series is now appearing. 556. Kemuriyama Sentaro it- A tp, Seikanron jiss6o A- 4. (The real facts of the "subjugation of Korea" controversy), T6ky6, Waseda Daigaku Shuppambu, 1907, 310pp. A detailed account of the development of the Korean crisis of the early 70s based largely upon contemporary documents. The author was a professor at Waseda University. 557. Kokuryukai Hombu %, At - p (Black Dragon Society, Headquarters), Seinan kiden i d i& {b (Records of the southwest), Tokyo, Kokuryukai Hombu, 1908-11, 6v. A detailed account of the domestic and international politics of early Meiji centering about the Korean crisis of the early 70s and the ensuing Satsuma rebellion. It is an official publication of Japan's best known imperialist group, the Black Dragon Society. The actual compilation is in large part the work of Kawasaki Shizan ( I,\ 4 I i ). It also covers many other incidents of political importance, e.g. the Taiwan campaign, the Karafuto question, the Saga rebellion, the Kumamoto war, the Autumn war, and other major incidents of the day.
Page 73 POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE 73 558. Konishi Shiro,- \f ts ty ed., Meiji ishin q -;J, 4- (Meiji Restoration), T6kyo, Asakura Shoten, 1952, 292+16pp. A good study of the political and general cultural aspects of the Restoration. 559. Meiji Bunka Kenkyukai M;- s_ (L U t (Society for the Study of Meiji Culture), Meiji bunka kenkyu rons6 of;A -_ X rL Z * L (Essays on Meiji culture), T6kyo, Ichigensha, 1934, 348pp. A collection of 16 essays in commemoration of Professor Yoshino Sakuzo by a group of his former students and friends. For the most part they concern Japanese politics, international relations, and political philosophy at the end of Tokugawa and during the early years of Meiji. Kimura Takeshi's essay on "The progress of Marxist thinking during the first half of the Meiji era," Kawahara Jikichir6's on "The early political philosophy of Kato Hiroyuki," Usui Fukuji's on "The intervention of Chinese and Japanese officials in the Saga rebellion," and several others are of particular interest to political historians. 560. Meiji seijishi kenkyu, ~ i, A_ ~j U (Studies in Meiji political history), T6kyo, Meiji Seijishi Kenkyukai, December 1935+. Irregular. A series of occasional papers issued by a study group of specialists on political history of the Meiji era. Articles are usually of very high quality. Volume 1, a special number devoted to the constitution of 1890, is particularly good. 561. Meiji Shiryo Kenkyukai 0 -; St eat IC (Society for the Study of Meiji Historical Materials), Meijishi kenky5 s6sho o +~ {t, | t (Series of Meiji historical studies), Toky6, Ochanomizu Shob6, 1956-7, 5v. Each volume contains a series of essays on the following subjects: I, Establishment of the Meiji regime; II, Revision of the land tax system and local government; III, The "popular rights" movement; IV, From "popular rights" theories to nationalism; and V, Establishment of the landlord system. 562. Nakayama Yasumasa A 4-t ^, Shimbun shusei Meiji hennenshi - j * ~, --; _ - (Chronological history of the Meiji era compiled from newspapers), Toky6, 1935, 15v. An excellent and extremely valuable treatment of Meiji history in the form of reprints, usually in full, of articles, editorials, despatches from rural correspondents, anecdotes, cartoons, etc. from a wide assortment of contemporary Japanese newspapers. Coverage is very detailed with items arranged day by day like a newspaper file. The last volume contains an excellent subject and proper name index. Its value for political research would be even greater were it not for a rather heavy reliance on the Toky6 Nichi-Nichi, a progovernment paper, for political despatches. 563. Nihon jidaishi S $ 4 V ' (Japanese history by eras), Toky6, Waseda Daigaku Shuppambu, 1926-27, 14v. Volume 12 of this noted history is devoted to the Restoration (Honda Tatsujir6o A M / * p, Meiji ishin a h,a * - ), and volumes 13-14 to the Meiji era proper (Yoshida T6go, ~ ~ _, Meiji jidai o is o ) -- ). 564. Ninagawa Arata ~ ",1 4-, Ishin seikan, 4t E _ J (The true interpretation of the Restoration), Toky6, Chiyoda Shobo, 1952, 277pp. A non-Marxist interpretation of the Restoration sympathetic to the Shogunate and purporting to expose the machinations of the group backing the Restoration movement. 565. Nishikawa Sho -:f, Ishin zengo jitsureki shiden. }t, 4 r )# t_ I- (True history of the Restoration period), T6ky6, Makino Zempei, 1892, 10v. The first eight volumes of this work are devoted to a political history of the Satsuma clan from 1848 through the early years of Meiji. The last two cover Meiji politics in general from the Restoration to 1891. 566. Oka Yoshitake ] A 4, Kindai Nihon no keisei i q\, ff- ) k (The formation of modern Japan), T6ky6, Kobundo, 1947, 308pp. An excellent introduction to the political history and development of Japan from the end of Tokugawa to 1900 by a professor of T6ky6 University. 567. Omori Kingoro k kIFt b-, Gendai Nihonshi 4 A' S - L_ (Modern Japanese history), Toky6, Fuzamb6, 1937, 5th printing, 608pp. One of the best known histories of modern Japan. It covers developments from the Restoration to the promulgation of the constitution in 1890. The political history of these years is stressed, but attention is also paid to social, legislative, and economic history. 568. Osatake Takeki,) Ak. kr ~, Meiji seijishi tembyo An; S_K _ 4. P (Highlights of Meiji political history), T6ky6, 1938, 306pp. A good but general treatment of the period which covers most of the outstanding political issues. Sections are devoted to the politics and people of the time, the conflict between civil and military government, the military and politics, the period of rule by military edict, the Satsuma rebellion, the rise of political parties, the crisis of 1881, Itagaki Taisuke's trip abroad, official interference with elections, independence of the
Page 74 74 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE judiciary, establishment of the Supreme Court, clan assemblies and local popular assemblies, and the constitutional view of political power. 569. Sashihara Yasuz6o t it -, Meiji seishi _ X _ (History of Meiji politics), Toky6, Fuzamb6, 1893, 3v. An old but frequently quoted political history which adopts a straight chronological and descriptive approach to the subject. An excellent source for very detailed factual information. A chapter is devoted to the political history of each year from 1867 to 1890. Important political documents issued during this period are frequently quoted in extenso in the text. 570. Shigakkai C _- (Historical Society), Meiji ishinshi kenkyiu d - 4.-*- A ~ (Studies of the Meiji Restoration), T6ky6, Fuzamb6, 1929, 823pp. A collection of 27 essays on the political thought, politics, and economics of the Meiji Restoration published in commemoration of the 40th anniversary of the Historical Society of Tokyo Imperial University. Individual essays consider the Restoration in many connections, e.g. its place in world history and oriental history, from the standpoint of domestic political developments, as a manifestation of popular demand for greater participation in government, the religious issues involved, from the standpoint of foreign relations, etc. 571. Shinobu Seizaburo 4i _ -i - ~, Meiji seijishi o -: K; t (Political history of the Meiji period), T6ky6, KObundo, 1950, 186 pp. A short but excellent introduction to the political history of the last 25 years of the Meiji period (1887-1912). The author is primarily interested in the way in which an "age of reaction" developed from the failure of the "popular rights" movement, and how this in turn set the stage for the later period of "Taisho democracy." Relations between the government and the Diet and political parties are stressed. 572. Suzuki Yasuzo A$ t- A', Jiyu minken 0 * 4v -[ (Popular rights), T6kyo, Hankuyosha, 1949, 474pp. An analysis of the "popular rights" movement during the Meiji era. 573. Suzuki Yasuz6o ~- 4-, ed., Jiyu minken und6shi C I, v4 1 p (History of the popular rights movement), Toky6, 1947. A reprint of a series of articles on the democratic movement which appeared in an obscure Tosa newspaper between July and December 1899. Suzuki Yasuz6 has written a brief introduction and added critical comments to the text. Reveals some little-known facts about the origins of the democratic movement in Tosa. 574. Takahashi Tetsuo 1 iff 7 A, Fukushima jiyd minken und6shi X 4 i A -. (The popular rights movement in Fukushima prefecture), T6ky6, Rironsha, 1954, 319pp. An outstanding case-study of the "popular rights" movement in Fukushima prefecture based upon hitherto unused primary sources available only in the area. The analyses of the family origins, class status, and actual roles of some 40 local leaders of the movement are particularly illuminating. 575. Takano Takesada ~ VT -A t, Yus6 nenroku ~ ~ 4-. (Chronology of weeds), (s6sho) manuscript serial in possession of the Imperial Library, 209v. This vast compilation is a running account of Japanese history from 1818 to 1893. It is based in large part on contemporary newspaper and magazine sources and contains many rare and valuable political materials, e.g. the daily journal of the Kogisho (v. 121), the daily journal of the Daj6kan from January to April, 1869 (v. 122), and numerous provincial and clan records. Hirose Bin in his Sosho sakuin provides a detailed volume-by-volume analysis of the series' contents. 576. Tamamuro Taijo -- 5 0 K, Seinan sens6o r 7 j f (Seinan civil war), Tokyo, Shibundo, 1958, 225pp. A well-documented treatment of the Seinan civil war (Satsuma rebellion) of 1877. 577. Tanaka S6gor6 tq a t., Jiyu minkenka to sono keifu, i t r- 4 e a (Leaders of the popular rights movement and their antecedents), T6kyo, Kokudosha, 1949, 270pp. A study of the backgrounds, family, and political connections of leaders prominent in the popular rights movement between the launching of the "Petition for the Establishment of a Representative Law-Making Organ" in 1874 and the organization of the Kaishint6 in 1882. 578. Taoka Reiun 3 NI 4 A, Meiji hanshin den oN at / 4 (Biographies of Meiji era traitors), T6kyo, Aoki Shoten, 1953, 170pp. A recent reprint of a work originally issued in 1909. The author assembles the biographies of a number of leaders of the "popular rights movement" during the Meiji period. These shed considerable light on the intellectual and political history of the time. 579. Tokinoya Tsunesaburo 4 ' a V $ -, Meiji jidaishi wH id - k _t (History of the Meiji era), T6ky6, Yuzankaku, 1929, 431pp. A history of major political incidents from the outbreak of the Korean controversy in the early 1870s to the death of the Emperor Meiji in 1912. The descriptions of the political circumstances of the Satsuma rebellion, Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars are particularly detailed and valuable.
Page 75 POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE 75 580. Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku Shiry5 Hensanjo ~,!. ~ i y - ~ t ~ ~ v (Tokyo Imperial University, Bureau for the Compilation of Historical Materials), Meiji shiy6 o -A 3 - (Essentials of Meiji history), Toky6, Kinkodo, 1933, rev. ed., 2v. A good and very detailed reference source for Meiji history from October 14, 1868 to the end of 1882. It emphasizes governmental and political matters and contains numerous tables of governmental organization and administration, statistics on academic affairs, the administration of justice, finance, population, agricultural lands, postal affairs, legislative and economic history, etc. 581. T6yama Shigeki 4 ~ f, Meiji ishin h -, - (Meiji Restoration), Toky6, Iwanami, 1951, 368+ 15pp. A famous interpretation of the historical significance of the Meiji Restoration by a prominent Marxist historian and member of Tokyo University's Historiographical Institute. The study covers the years from 1830 to the early Meiji period. The Restoration is viewed essentially as a counter-revolution by a feudal elite against such popular movements as the peasant revolts. A lengthy annotated bibliography is appended. 582. Umehara Hokumei If, /. b a, Kindai sesoshi e2 -; k,_ (Aspects of modern history), T6kyo, Hyakuh6sha, 1931, 4v. An excellent history of Japanese domestic politics and foreign relations, with incidental attention to economic, social, educational, and other developments, from Keio (1865) to Taish6 (1912). It is based on contemporary newspaper materials which it reproduces extensively. The coverage is very good and includes many rare local papers which have long disappeared. 583. Watanabe Ikujiro -t ' - t k, Meijishi kenkyiu hi - _ ~ (Study of Meiji history), Toky6, Rakuno Shoin, 1944 rev. ed., 1+3+523pp. A really excellent collection of essays on various aspects of Meiji history. Part 1 considers a number of problems in the political history of the era, e.g. the struggle for the Restoration, the issue of imperial paternalism versus constitutional government, the Korean crisis, the political crisis of 1885, the genr6 and the political parties, etc. Part 2 discusses a number of the outstanding statesmen of the time - Okubo, Iwakura, Ito, Okuma, Yamagata, Inukai-in connection with some outstanding political event or association of their official careers. A third part treats social developments during Meiji, while a fourth contains several miscellaneous articles, including a particularly good historiographical essay on the problems and difficulties of studying Meiji history. 584. Yokose Yau. i. * 0t (pseud.), Dajokan jidai % k, % 4 -q (The Daj6kan era), Tokay6, Azusa Shob6, 1929, 4+12+793pp. An intensive study of Japanese political history during ten important formative years under the Daj6kan or Council of State, i.e. 1867-76. 585. Yokose Yau. -;^ A e (pseud.), Meiji shonen no ses6 -g 4 i- 7 -i k (Aspects of the early Meiji period), Tokyo, 1927. A compilation of materials on numerous aspects of life, thought, and politics during early Meiji based in most part on contemporary newspaper sources. It is particularly good on the introduction of socialistic ideas into Japan. 586. Yoshimura Akemichi t X k!, Kinsei taiheiki L~ A. -S (Records of contemporary peace), T6ky6, Katano Tojiro, 1874-79, 9v. A contemporary history of domestic and international political events in Japan from the arrival of Perry in 1853 to the end of the Satsuma rebellion in 1877. 587. Yoshino Sakuz6 -t f _ t, ed., Meiji bunka zenshu w i kL 5 ~ (Collection of Meiji culture),T6ky6, Nihon Hy6ronsha, 1928-30, 24v.; rev. ed., 1950-[? ], 16v. A monumental compilation of materials on all aspects of Meiji culture assembled by a research staff under the general editorship of Yoshino Sakuzo, aided by Osatake Takeki. It consists in part of reprints of important documentary materials, books and newspaper and magazine articles, and in part of specialized articles by acknowledged Japanese authorities. One or more volumes are devoted to each major field of Meiji culture. Included in each is a valuable bibliographical note on the literature of the field and a chronologically arranged list of the major books published therein during the first half of the Meiji era. The volumes of particular interest to the political scientist, and the more important sections thereof, are as follows: I. -The Imperial Household. II.-History. (A year-by-year treatment of Japanese history from 1867-88). III. -History. The first half of this volume covers historical developments during 1889-90. This marks the end of the straight chronological treatment, and the rest of the volume is given over to a number of articles on specific historical subjects. An excellent and detailed subject and proper name index for the chronological-historical sections of volumes II and III is appended. Among the outstanding articles contained in Volume III are the following: a) Katayama Kikujir6, "A classified comparison of official and private drafts of the constitution"; b) "The official draft of the constitution"; c) "The memorial of the Osaka Conference on the establishment of a national parliament,; d) Nakamura Yoshiz6, "The status of political parties at home and abroad"; e) "Views of notable persons [on the constitution];" and f) "The circumstances of the first meeting of the Diet." Volume IV is devoted to articles on constitutional government. The fol
Page 76 76 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE lowing are noteworthy: a) "Draft of the basic statute of the K6gisho"; b) "Journal of the K6gisho" (its stenographic records from March to July, 1869); c) "Roster of official bills and votes" (covering bills and decisions in the Kogisho during March and April, 1869); d) "Records of the Shugiin" (This body succeeded the K6gisho. This is a reprint of its journal for 1869-70); and e) "Journal of the assembly of provincial officials" (meetings of this body occurred in 1875, 1878, and 1890, but the present article reproduces their journal only for the 1875 meeting). There are also a number of other articles and a very useful chronological list of important documents, laws, records, and books relating to constitutional government published from 1868-90. Volume V contains articles on freedom and civil rights and a valuable chronological list of the relevant literature published from 1870-91. Volume VI is devoted to foreign relations; volume VII to politics. In the latter volume almost half the articles consist of pre-constitutional Japanese translations of articles and sections of books by J. S. Mill, Burke, Rousseau, Hobbes and Machiavelli. The remainder are given over to articles on the theory and practice of constitutional government by early Japanese students of Western political practice, such as Kat6 Hiroyuki and Ueki Emori. A chronological list of political literature, including translations, for the years 1867-94 is appended. Volume VIII on law contains a collection of articles on numerous legal subjects. None refers to constitutional or administrative law. The chronological list of literature covers the period 1867-89. Volume XXI on social affairs contains several good articles on the history of Japanese socialism and contemporary social problems and the socialists, the latter of which treats both left and right wing developments during Meiji. The chronological list of literature covers publications from 1867-1912. Volume XXII on miscellaneous history, has several articles of political interest, including one from the Tokyo Nichi-Nichi of 1881 on political events during 1880, and a second article on the political parties in 1890. The usual chronological list of literature covers historical writings from 1867-90 and supplements the lists in volumes II and III. Volume XXIII on military affairs and communications contains articles on the organization of Japan's military forces, particularly the army, and an administrative history of the Army Ministry. A brief list of Meiji military writings is appended. All volumes are prefaced by a very convenient explanatory note summarizing the contents of every article or section in that volume. The chronological lists of literature usually give only title, author, number of volumes, and year of publication. A few entries are briefly annotated. The Meiji Bunka Kenkyukai A - iL f +4 (Society for the Study of Meiji Culture) has been reissuing this great series in somewhat altered format since 1950. The current edition consists of two eight-volume series published in Toky6 by the Nihon Hyoron Shinsha. The contents are substantially the same as in the original edition save that the explanatory sections in each volume have been rewritten by appropriate authorities and three new volumes on the "popular rights,, movement, Japanese society, and Japanese women, have been added. See also Entries: 413, 415, 524, 933, 934. 4. Taisho Period (1912-1926) Until quite recently the political history of the Taisho period has been a seriously neglected subject. The years concerned are of great consequence, especially for an understanding of the development of a parliamentary system in Japan and the emergence of the political phenomena known generically as "Taisho democracy." As a result of the postwar easing of political controls and the availability of much new material, scholars are beginning to pay more attention to political developments during these seminal years. The basic work in the field is probably Shinobu Seizaburo's four-volume Taish5 seijishi (Entry 591). Kudo Takeshige's Taish6 kenseishi (See Entry 525) is also very useful. 588. Inoue Kiyoshi -I -;* and Watanabe Toru, eds., Kome sodo no kenkyiiu f t b (A study of the rice riots), Tokyo, Yfihikaku, 1959+, 5v. A very detailed compilation of contemporary newspaper clippings, official reports, eyewitness accounts, court records, etc. relating to the famous rice riots of 1918. It is based primarily on the so-called Hosokawa collection of such documents. 589. Ishida Bunshiro O V - b 3, Shimbun kiroku shfsei, Taisho daijikenshi *r f, K - A X t (A newspaper history of the Taish6 era), T6kyo, Kinseisha, 1955, 658pp. A chronologically arranged history of major events and developments in all spheres during the Taisho period (1912-26) presented in the form of excerpts from contemporary news reports. See also Entry 551. 590. Shinobu Seizaburo 6 K- - a a, Taisho demokurashii shi, ichi & ~- E-_ 7; - _, 1 (A history of Taisho democracy, vol. 1), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1955, 340pp. The first volume in a projected treatment of popular and democratic political movements in the Taisho era (1912-1926) by one of Japan's best known specialists on this period. The author regards "Taisho democracy" as marking the second major florescence of democratic sentiment in Japan, the first having been the, "popular rights" movement during Meiji. The period covered here is from 1905 to the establishment of the Terauchi cabinet in October, 1916. 591. Shinobu Seizaburo i -L_ 2A a, Taisho seijishi c iL -,& (Political history of the Taisho era), T6kyo, Kawade Shobo, 1951-52, 4v. The single most detailed and definitive description of the political history of the Taisho era (1912-1926) by Japan's outstanding specialist in this field. There is also a one-volume edition.
Page 77 POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE 77 See also Entries: 525, 1217, 1220. 5. Showa Period (1926 - ) Postwar political and social changes in Japan have brought with them a great increase in the amount of scholarly attention and writing devoted to recent political history. This has been enriched and facilitated by the many archival materials, memoirs, and behind-the-scene accounts which have appeared since 1945. It will probably take many years yet before scholars succeed in absorbing and making effective use of all this new knowledge, but their record to date seems promising. Among these new materials one collection in particular is of fundamental importance. This is the documentation compiled and published in the course of the trial of major Japanese war criminals before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. (See Entry 600). It includes a tremendous array of primary source materials relating to major developments and decisions in Japanese domestic politics and foreign relations during the years 1928-1945. As yet its research potentialities have barely been tapped either in Japan or abroad. 592. Baba Tsunego. 4 it- 4, Gikai seijiron A ~ h;*& - (Treatise on parliamentary politics), T6kyo, Chuo6 Koronsha, 1933,446pp. A collection of seventeen essays on numerous aspects of parliamentary politics in Japan, including discussions of party leadership, the jushin, contemporary parliamentarians, the newspapers and parliamentary politics, and a series of related essays discussing major cabinets and political issues from 1929 to 1933. 593. Baba Tsunego A 4 'Il -0, Konoe naikaku shiron A tL #- 4 L ~ (Historical essays on the Konoe cabinet), Toky6, Takayama Shoin, 1946, 157pp. 594. Fujiwara Hirotatsu |. -) sL, Hoshu dokusairon It - { ~? (On conservative dictatorship), T6ky6, Chuo Koronsha, 1958, 245pp. An extended essay on recent political developments under the Ishibashi and Kishi cabinets. 595. Hanami Tatsuji A u -, Nihon seiji S; By 5 (Japanese politics), T6ky6, Obunsha, 1943, 298pp. A general and very superficial survey of Japanese politics from the May 15, 1932 affair to the outbreak of general warfare in the Pacific, intended apparently to prove the thesis that the war was forced on Japan. 596. Himerareta Showa-shi #- ~ t 0 f ~ f_ - (An inside history of the Showa period) T6ky6, Kawade Shobo, 1956. A special issue of the magazine Chisei (Intelligence), containing a very popularized and sometimes dubious account of recent political history. 597. Hori Makoto A X V ed., Oshoku -i ^ (Scandals), Toky6, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1957, 231pp. A vivid accout of recent political scandals edited by a leader of the R6not6 or labor-farmer party and former member of the House of Councillors. 598. Hosokawa Morisada,1 4l *, J6oh tenn6 ni tassezu A, -# A I E ~ A " (Information did not reach the emperor), T6ky6, Isobe Shob6, 1953, 2v. A collection of the author's notes on political affairs which were meant to be reported to Prince Takamatsu. They cover the period from the end of 1943 to Prince Konoe's suicide in December, 1945. 599. Ikeda Takeshi -i a 4_, Showa seiji keizaishi o T KLg *r,. K _ (Political and economic history of the Showa era [1926+ ]), T6kyo, Kokumin Ky6iku Tosho, 1947, 361pp. A general chronologically arranged history of Japan from 1926 to 1945. It is purely descriptive and of a rather mediocre quality, but a convenient source of factual information. 600. International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Documents (Toky6: IMTFE, 1946-48). This is undoubtedly the greatest single collection of source materials on Japanese domestic politics and foreign relations during the years 1928-1945. It is an enormous mass of documentation assembled in the course of the so-called Tokyo War Crimes Trial of some 28 major "war criminals," allegedly the men primarily responsible for involving Japan in the Second World War and for a number of offenses in connection therewith. For the most part the documentation exists in both English and Japanese versions. The major subjects treated are: the Japanese constitution and governmental structure; preparing Japanese opinion for war; Manchurian military aggression; military aggression in the rest of China; atrocities, opium, and narcotics in China; economic aggression in Manchuria and China; relations with Germany and Italy; relations with France and Thailand; relations with the U.S.S.R.; preparations for war; relations with the United States and British Commonwealth; relations with the Netherlands and Portugal; war crimes; and the relationships of each of the accused to the foregoing matters. The total documentation is divided into a number of series, separately titled volumes, and indexes, among which the principal items are the following: 1. Proceedings. The official record of the trial running to 48,412 pages. 2. Exhibits. A voluminous assortment of treaties, agreements, rescripts, government documents, and reports accepted in evidence in support of either the prosecution or the defense cases. Some 4,336 documents are represented and they run to more than 50,000 pages.
Page 78 78 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 3. Judgment of the Military Tribunal for the Far East. This has been separately published by the U.S. War Department in 1948 in seven volumes. It should be noted that the Indian member of the court filed a lengthy dissenting opinion; that the French and Dutch members filed dissenting opinions on parts of the majority judgment; that the Philippine member filed a separate concurrent opinion; and that the President of the Tribunal filed a brief separate statement. These are not included in the published Judgment but have been separately published. 4. Analyses of Documentary Evidence. A 27-volume index and summary of most of the documents considered or actually used as evidence by the International Prosecution Section (IPS). 5. Revised Index of Documents by Defendants. A listing of IPS documents pertaining to each defendant compiled by the IPS. 6. Index to Documents by Phase and Subject. Covers only IPS documents. 7. Index of Documents not Specifically Linked to One or More of the Defendants. This supplements the above indexes of IPS documents. 8. Numerical List of IPS Documents introduced as Court Exhibits. 9. Index of Witnesses. An index showing where in the Proceedings the examination or cross-examination of both prosecution and defense witnesses is set forth. 10. Narrative Summary of the Record. A 6, 000-page digest of the Proceedings. 11. Chronological Summary. A summary of oral and documentary evidence arranged chronologically from the Tanaka cabinet of 1928 to the Suzuki cabinet in 1945. 12. Decisions of Imperial Conferences, Cabinet Meetings and other Conferences and Meetings which appear in the Prosecution's Evidence. A chronologically arranged summary of the decisions of such conferences. 13. General Index of the Record of the Defense Case. An incomplete index of the defense portion of the Proceedings. 14. Reply of the Prosecution to the Defense Summation. 15. Rulings of the IMTFE. 16. Rejected Exhibits. A very useful collection of documents considered for use as exhibits but ultimately not so used. These supplement the Exhibits. Persons interested in a more detailed description of the IMTFE materials are referred to Delmer Brown's excellent article "Recent Japanese political and historical materials,"t American Political Science Review, vol. XLIII, no. 5 (Oct., 1949), pp. 1010-1017. See also Entry 63 in this bibliography for an analytic subject index of the Proceedings. 601. Iwabuchi Tatsuo, -? A-, Yaburu hi made q i. z (Till the day of defeat), Toky6, Mihonshu Hosha, 1946. 602. Karashima Kichiz6o t A V ' -;, Sh6wa seikai fuiunroku 1 i 1 S- ) i K t (A turbulent political history of the Showa period), Tokyo, Jitsugyo no Nihonsha, 1957, 257pp. A popular treatment of politics during the Showa period by an editorial writer for the Tokyo Press. 603. Kazami Akira )it, Konoe naikaku v *- v! 1 (The Konoe cabinet), Tokyo, Nihon Shuppan Kyodo6 Kabushihk Kaisha, 1951, 293pp. The author was chief of the Cabinet Secretariat in the first Konoe cabinet (June, 1937-January, 1939) and Minister of Justice in the second (July, 1940-July, 1941). Here he describes the policies and problems of the Konoe government in highly sympathetic terms. 604. Kono Tsukasa -d Jt s ed., Ni-ni-roku jiken, - - A ~ ~ (The February 26, [1936] incident), T6ky6, Nihon Shuhosha, 1957, 548pp. 605. Koza gendai Nihon no keizai to seiji V H9 ~ < ~; ~ i -t e a,L id (Essay series on economics and politics in contemporary Japan), Tokyo, Otsuki Shoten, 1958+, 4v. A new series on Japanese economics and politics reflecting the views of Japanese Marxists since the official critiques of Stalin and Stalinism. 606. Mori Masaz6o X i, Sempu nijiunen A_ L -A - (Twenty years of the whirlwind), T6ky6, Taru Shob6, 1945-6, 2v. An account of political developments during the Showa period (1926- ) by an experienced reporter of the Mainichi Press. 607. Naikaku Johokyoku ~ d -* ~I (Cabinet Information Office), Jikyoku shiryo A;1; f (Contemporary materials), Toky6, Naikaku J6h6kyoku, 1937+. Irregular. This is the collective title of a series of publications, all of which deal with some aspect of the China Incident or its domestic repercussions in Japan. Typical titles are: Konji jihen no igi # t 4- A. A, (Significance of the present Incident), or Shinagun no tadashiki ninshiki P {JE- L,^. (The proper evaluation of the Chinese army). A complete list of titles is available in the various issues of the Naikaku Insatsukyoku's Kancho kank6 tosho geppo. 608. Naka Masao ~ E-, Kaiso no sengo seiji ig %. ~ {V L ~. (Reflections on post-war politics), T6kyo, Jitsugyo no Sekaisha, 1957, 329pp.
Page 79 POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE 79 An account of recent politics and politicians by a Mainichi newspaperman specializing in coverage of Japan's National Diet. 609. Nakajima Kenz6 ' % i A, Showa jidai ~ t # AN (The Showa era), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1957, 214pp. A very interesting personal and social history of Japan from the great Kant6 earthquake of September, 1923, to Japan's surrender in August, 1945. The author, a critic and intellectual, attempts to convey in as realistic a way as possible the political and social atmosphere of this time as he saw it. He considered this to be stifling and deplorable. 610. Nihon Seiji Gakkai 0 f ta i (Japanese Political Science Association), Sengo Nihon no seiji katei t' a $ ) L K;. - (The political process in post-war Japan), T6kyo, Iwanami, 1953, 244pp. An outstanding analysis of political developments and trends in postwar Japan written and published under the auspices of the Japanese Political Science Association. Its coverage is as follows: Part I - External pressures and reactions thereto; a) Reform from abroad; b) The economic independence directive; c) Japan's incorporation into the U.S. defense system. Part II - The actualities of power; a) Structure and policies in the postwar system; b) The fusion of capital and power; c) Disorganization and revival of the old ruling classes. Part II - Growth of the masses; a) Change and continuity in the mass movement; b) Progress and apathy in political consciousness. A political chronology of the period February, 1945 - April, 1952 is appended. 611. Nihon shihonshugi koza 0 $ ~ } 4 }- (Essay series on Japanese capitalism), Toky6, Iwanami, 1953-4, 10v + one supplementary vol. This is a joint study of postwar Japanese capitalism by a group of scholars regarded as representing "progressive" political opinion. Volume titles are indicative of the coverage: 1) The collapse of Japanese imperialism, 2) From the peace treaty to MSA, 3) Governmental structure and political movements, 4 and 5) Changes in postwar economic structure, 6) Deepening of the economic crisis and panic, 7) Workers and peasants, 8) National life and the peace economy, 9) The revival of militarism, and 10) General survey. The supplementary volume gives an annotated chronology of postwar Japanese capitalism. 612. Oka Yoshitake f1l k K ed., Gendai Nihon no seiji katei C x 0 -; t fA (The political process in contemporary Japan), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1958, 6+517+107pp. An analysis of the political process in postwar Japan, inspired in part by the similarly entitled report of the Japanese Political Science Association in 1953 (See Entry 610). Some eleven political scientists, for the most part connected with Tokyo University, collaborated on the volume under Professor Oka's editorship. Part I is entitled "Foreign pressures and reactions thereto in current Japanese politics;" Part II, "The process of consolidation of ruling power;" and Part II, "The political growth of the masses." The treatment is theoretically oriented throughout, and provides extremely interesting insights into the attitudes and views of an important segment of the Japanese intelligentsia as well as into Japanese politics in general. A bibliography and voluminous chronology of relevant political developments from 1945 to 1957 are appended. This is a work of major importance. 613. Okumura Kiwao -X A t- $, Nihon seiji no kakushin 0 f- K +* L ", (The renovation of Japanese politics), Tokyo, 1938, 253pp. A general survey of Japanese politics after the outbreak of the China Incident. Discusses the so-called "second world war" crisis in Japan, i.e. the war in China, and social reform, reform of political machinery of state, foundation of the Asiatic co-operation movement, national reform, and the youth movement. 614. Royama Masamichi A, J K AL, Nihon seiji d6k6ron a } _ -a -9 ~7 v f (Political development of Japan), Toky6, K6yo Shoin, 1933, 554pp. A general appraisal of the direction in which Japanese politics were evolving at the time of writing. Major sections are devoted to political science and the trend of Japanese political thinking, the flowering of Japanese democracy after the first World War, democracy and national economic policy in Japan, the development of proletarian parties, the decline of parliamentary politics, electoral politics, parliamentary reconstruction and electoral reform, world depression and the crisis of democracy, constitutional absolutism in Japan, and the nationalistic reaction. 615. Takamiya Tahei %J A, {, Gunkoku taiheiki: go-ichigo kara ni-niroku made ~ t: ~- - - ' =- A o z. ' (Chronicles of a military state: from the May 15, [1932] incident to the February 26, [1936] revolt), Toky6, Kant6sha, 1951. 616. Tanaka Ryukichi s 1 f A, Haiin o tsuku t ] _ <( (In search of the cause of defeat), T6ky6, Sanshinsha, 1946. 617. Tochi kiko to seiji undo, - 0 - {b._ t (Governmental structure and political movements), Toky6, Iwanami, 1953. This is a collective work on postwar Japanese politics by a number of scholars, and consists of four major sections: the Allied Occupation's system, essence and dynamics of the political system, mass communica
Page 80 80 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE tions, and social democracy. It constitutes volume 3 of the Nihon shihonshugi k6za (Essay series on Japanese capitalism). 618. T6yama Shigeki A D,' t, Imai Seiichi k 4 i -- and Fujiwara Akira;. y, Sh6washi 4 tb - (History of the Showa period), Toky6, Iwanami, 1955, 244pp. This is a very useful Marxist interpretation of major trends in Japan's politics, economy, and diplomacy during the Showa era (1926- ). It is based primarily on materials which have only become available in recent postwar years. Its views are strongly Marxist and were responsible for precipitating the so-called "controversy over contemporary history (gendaishi ronso-)" in Japanese academic circles. 619. Yanaibara Tadao ~l V 3 - W ed., Sengo Nihon shoshi ' _ -, - t_ (A short history of postwar Japan), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1958, 2v. This is a sequal to the same author's Gendai Nihon sh6shi (See Entry 508) published in 1952. The subject is divided into three major sections: the first on general survey written by Yanaihara, the second on economic developments by Ouchi Hyoe, and the third on labor by Okochi Kazuo. In general emphasis is placed upon the occupation and subsequent developments, especially on the so-called "reverse course" movement. 620. Yokusan Undoshi Kanko6kai J At,- ha 4T 4 (Society for the publication of the history of the Imperial Rule Assistance Movement), Yokusan kokumin und6shi % ~ i - ) (History of the national movement for assistance to the throne), Toky6, Yokusan Und6shi Kankokai, 1954, 1085+88pp. A detailed history of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association (Taisei Yokusankai) and its associated organizations from establishment to dissolution. Major sections are devoted to the establishment of the association; its subsequent history and activities; the organization and history of its local branches, treated separately by regions; and a similar treatment of a number of smaller associations allied with and controlled by it. A chronology and who's who of the movement are appended. See also Entries: 357,358,426,864,919,945,988, 1350,1365,1366,1446,1519,1671. 6. Biographies and Memoirs Biographical and autobiographical works offer one of the most promising sources of information on modern Japanese politics. Until rather recently they were also one of the most neglected sources. The literature is rich in such materials, especially for Restoration and Meiji times and, more recently, for the period from World War I to the present. For the former category the papers, writings, speeches, and correspondence of most of the leading statesmen of the Meiji era have been edited and made available for research use. Their bulk is formidable. In more recent times, there seems to be nothing like a major war —and in this case, defeat as wellto loose the floodgates of political biography. An imposing array of ex-premiers, cabinet ministers, generals and admirals, senior statesmen, and sundry hangers-on, has rushed into print with behind-the-scenes accounts of domestic and foreign politics and explanations or justifications of their roles therein. These provide a rich grist for the mills of political scholarship. Where the following entries are concerned, it is perhaps unnecessary to note that all of them are closely related to the subject matters of all of the preceding sections of this chapter. 621. Abe Shinnosuke PI -4 k- i- X, Gendai seijikaron 4, 4{ r _: (On contemporary political figures), Tokyo, Bungei Shunju Shinsha, 1954, 399pp. A most informative collection of political biographies of 15 prominent postwar political figures by a well known journalist. The men covered are: Kishi Nobusuke Ishibashi Tanzan Shigemitsu Mamoru Tokuda Kyuichi Ikeda Hayato Ogata Taketora Kimura Atsutar6 Ono Bamboku Wada Hiroo Ashida Hitoshi Miki Bukichi Hatoyama Ichir6 Nishio Suehiro Suzuki Mosabur6 Yoshida Shigeru 622. Abe Shinnosuke j -, i- ~/, Kindai seijika hy6den _ x -; t- t- i (Critical biographies of modern political figures), T6ky6, Bungei Shunju Shinsha, 1953, 353pp. This is a collection of biographical essays which originally appeared serially in Bungei Shunju from January to December, 1952. The author, a well-known journalist, intended them for popular consumption. The figures treated include: Hoshi T6ru, Hara Takashi, Okuma Shigenobu, Ito Hirobumi, Kato Komei, Inukai Takeshi, Okubo Toshimichi, Itagaki Taisuke, Katsura Taro, and T6jo Hideki. 623. Arima Yorigasu '0.. X, Shichijunen no kais6o + J- g) (Recollections of seventy years), Toky6, S6bunsha, 1953, 383pp. The memoirs of Count Arima (1884-1957), a former member of both the House of Representatives and the House of Peers who served as Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in the first Konoe cabinet (1937) and later as Secretary-General of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association (Taisei Yokusankai).
Page 81 POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE 81 624. Aritake Shuji ~ f 4 c -, Okada Keisuke denki )4 w * 4f t (Biography of Admiral Okada Keisuke), Toky6, 1956. A biography of a prominent naval leader (1862-1952) who served as premier from 1934-36. 625. Bokud6 Sensei Denki Kankokai i t 4 ~ 4 k: tT I (Society for the publication of the biography of Bokud6 Sensei), Inukai Bokud6 den j ) Q t_ \ (Biography of Inukai Bokud6), T6ky6, Toy6 Keizai Shimp6sha, 1938-39, 3v. A detailed and generally reliable biography of Inukai Tsuyoshi (1855-1932), one of Japan's most famous party leaders. The first two volumes constitute a political biography, while the third is a compilation of his poetry, essays, and other writings. The work is an invaluable source of information on the history of Japanese political parties. 626. Fujii Jintaro O -i: k /, Iwakura Tomomi kankei bunsho A 4& X b 1 4I - ti (Documents relating to Iwakura Tomomi [1828-86]), T6ky6, Nihon Shiseki Kyokai, 1926-35, 8v. 627. Fukai Eigo -, ~- f 6-, Kaiko shichijunen t - J- + - (Recollections of seventy years), Toky6, 1946. 628. Gensui Koshaku Oyama Iwao -rq O t k L SiL (The life of Field-Marshal Prince Oyama Iwao [1842-1914]), Tokyo, Oyama Gensui Den Kankokai, 1935, 2v. 629. Hara Keiichiro ) t -- ed., Hara Takashi nikki / C ~ &D (Diary of Hara Takashi), T6kyo, Toky6, Kengensha, 1950, 9v. Hara Takashi (1856-1921) was a famous political figure, president of the Seiyukai party and premier of Japan at the time of his assassination in 1921. His elaborate diary is one of the richest sources of behind-thescenes political information for the late Meiji and Taisho periods. 630. Harada Kumao * ~,f- 4, Saionjiko to seikyoku 1 f1]: hi z Ad g (Prince Saionji and the political situation), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1950-1952, 9v. Undoubtedly the single most valuable biographical source on the behind-the-scenes political history of the period 1928-1940. The nine volumes represent the notes dictated weekly to a secretary by Baron Harada Kumao, private secretary to Prince Saionji, the last of the genr6. They were subsequently edited by Prince Saionji. The treatment is in general chronological with each volume concentrating on one or more of the major issues of the day, e.g., the Manchurian Incident, London Naval Conference, Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations, the February 26, 1936 military revolt, the China Incident, the Triple Alliance, and the growing crisis leading to the outbreak of general warfare in the Pacific. Volume IX contains a general index. At the end of each volume, a convenient chronology and collection of relevant documentary materials have been added. 631. Hatoyama Ichiro IA - ~, Hatoyama Ichiro kaikoroku.4 IL\ - t p. ~ (Memoirs of Hatoyama Ichiro), T6kyo, Bungei Shunju Shinsha, 1957, 224pp. The author was premier of Japan from 1954 to the end of 1956. The present work describes his experiences in Japanese politics during the turbulent postwar years. The account of his personal and political relationships with such important figures as Shigemitsu Mamoru, Yoshida Shigeru, Kono Ichiro, Kishi Nobusuke, and others is of particular interest. He also discusses his interview with the late Mr. Dulles during the period when he had been "purged." 632. Hattori Shis6 P -- i- *, Meiji no seijikatachi wH it ~ ac i - f (Political figures of the Meiji era), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1950-54, 2v. This unusual work is a detailed interpretation of Japanese constitutional and political history during the Meiji era (1868-1912) in terms of the lives and careers of nine major political leaders: Mutsu Munemitsu, Hoshi Toru, Ito Hirobumi, Itagaki Taisuke, Okuma Shigenobu, Yamagata Aritomo, Katsura Tar6, Saionji Kimmochi, and Hara Takashi. Much of the material is duplicated in the later work cited under Entry 654. 633. Hiranuma Kiichiro t a&.A - f, Hiranuma Kiichiro kaikoroku f -.O - e tK1 4. (Memoirs of Hiranuma Kiichiro), Tokyo, Hiranuma Kiichiro Kaikoroku Hensan Iinkai, 1955, 357pp. An autobiography of a well-known political leader (1867-1952) who served as premier in 1939. 634. Ikeda Shigeakira (Seirin) -; ~ W * (1867-1950), Zaikai kaiko W W- 11i, (Memoirs of the financial world), Tokyo, Sekai no Nihonsha, 1949, 302pp. The memoirs of a famous minister of finance and of commerce and industry. 635. Inoue Kaoru K6 Denki Hensankai 4- _4 2 '.-4 -^ i (Society for the Compilation of a Biography of Prince Inoue Kaoru), Segai Inoue Ko den /L o, c 1t (Life of Prince Inoue [1835-1915]), Tokyo, Naigai Shosekisha, 1933-34, 5v. Prince Inoue's life is inevitably a political history of Japan from the Restoration till his death in 1915. During his official career he served as privy councillor and genro, and, at various times, held the ministries of foreign affairs, treasury, interior, and agriculture and commerce. The present entry describes his life, career, and the major domestic and international problems of this period in great detail.
Page 82 82 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 636. Ito Hirobumi den dI * -tL\ (Biography of Ito Hirobumi [1841-1909]), T6ky6, Shump6 K6 Tsuish6kai, 1940, 3v. An exhaustive biography of Prince Ito, including a revealing collection of his correspondence. 637. Kamada Takuichir6o - + - i, Sh6rai seidan '. a it (Talks at the Sh6raiso), T6kyo, Bungei Shunju Shinsha, 1951, 8+346pp. The reminiscences of General Ugaki Kazushige (1868-1956) from his childhood to the end of World War II as related to the author by General Ugaki. 638. Katayama Sen f L -i4, Jiden 4 1 (Autobiography), Toky6, Iwanami, 1954, 377pp. Katayama (1859-1933) was a founder and leader of the Japanese communist party and a prominent figure in the Comintern. The autobiographical sections of the present work cover his life down to about 1920. Later periods are represented by his essays and letters. 639. Kato Takaaki Den Kankokai ~ ~ t 4 ' ] t (Society for the Publication of a Biography of Kato Takaaki), Kato Takaaki den /J ~ # A \d (Biography of Kat6 Takaaki, [K6mei]), Toky6, Kato Takaaki Den Kankokai, 1928, 659pp. A detailed political biography of Count Kato (1860-1926) which concentrates on the periods during which he served as president of the Kenseikai and as premier (1924-26). 640. Katsuda Magoya * W O fI, Okubo Toshimich. den - A it -| i Af (Biography of Okubo Toshimichi), Tokyo, Dobunkan, 1910-11,3v. An exhaustive biography of Okubo (1831-1878) which throws considerable light on Restoration politics in general and particularly on such events as the Taiwan Affair, Osaka Conference, and Satsuma Rebellion, in all of which Okubo played a prominent part. 641. Katsuda Magoya * { ~. A, Saigo Takamori den a f 4 9 t (Biography of Saigo Takamori), T6kyo, Saig6 Takamori Den Hakkosho, 1894-95, 5v. The definitive biography of Saigo Takamori(1827-1877), the famous Satsuma samurai who led the Satsuma Rebellion of 1877. It is valuable for the light it sheds on conditions in Satsuma and on Restoration politics in general as well as for the account of Saigo's career. 642. Kido K6 Denki Hensanjo; f, ', { by, P tf (Society for the Compilation of a Biography of Prince Kido), Shogiku Kido Ko den, {; j, (Biography of Prince Kido Shogiku [Koin]), T6kyo, Kido Ko Denki Hensanjo, 1927, 2v. A typical commemorative biography compiled under the editorship of Tsumagi Chuta. It contains an extensive account of the life and political career of Prince Kido Koin (1833-1877), and is particularly good on his connection with developments leading to the Satsuma Rebellion. 643. Kido Koichi - T - -, Kido nikki 4 fi 5 &L (The Kido diary), Tokyo, Heiwa Shobo, 1947, 163pp. This is the document introduced in evidence before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. The present edition was compiled by the Far Eastern International Military Tribunal Research Society. The diary is concerned primarily with events and decisions during the author's service as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (1940-45). 644. Kojima Kazuo J -, Ichi roseijika no kaiso - R.-~ A ~ 1 ~ (Recollections of an elder statesman), Toky6, Chu6 K6ronsha, 1951, 293pp. The autobiography of a politician (1865-1952) prominent in the party movement from the Taisho era to postwar times, when he was a close friend and adviser to ex-premier Yoshida Shigeru. 645. Komatsu Midori ' J *,, ed., Ito Ko zenshiu If Oc i4 4 (Collected works of Prince Ito [1841-1909]), Tokyo, Showa Shuppansha, 1928, 3v. A vast miscellany of writings, not all by Ito Hirobumi. Volume 1 consists of his letters, poems, and calligraphy; volume 2 includes his political speeches, academic addresses, etc.; while volume 3 comprises a biography of Ito, a collection of reminiscences and anecdotes about him by others, and various miscellaneous writings. 646. Konoe Fumimaro it - 5-~, Konoe Fumimaro no shuki it $r )_-, HiJ (Memoirs of Prince Konoe Fumimaro), T6kyo, 1946. The memoirs of Prince Konoe (1891-1945), three times premier of Japan between 1937 and 1941. 647. Koyama Kango,I- i -, Koyama Kango nikki,- S ~ -& $ kJ (Diary of Koyama Kango), T6kyo, Kei6 Tsushin, 1955, 326pp. Focuses on the period from the May 15, 1932 Incident to the Second World War. 648. Sandai saisho retsuden - C X 'J t f4 (Biographies of Japanese prime ministers during the Meiji, Taisho, and Showa periods), T6ky6, Jiji Tsushinsha, 1958+, 17v. A series of seventeen biographies of outstanding prime ministers from Ito Hirobumi to Shidehara Kijuro. Individual volumes average about 250 pages.
Page 83 POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE 83 649. Makino Shinken it I t,, Kaikoroku 1J it (Memoirs), T6kyo, Bungei Shunjusha, 1948-51, 3v. The story of the life of Count Makino (1861-1949), longtime (1925-1935) Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal. 650. Matono Hansuke I T i s, Et6 Nampaku,- 47 e (Et6 Nampaku [Shimpei]), T6ky6, Nampaku, Kensh6kai, 1914, 2v. A definitive biography of the famous Meiji statesman, Eto Shimpei (1835-1874), which is of considerable use as a source of information on Restoration and post-Restoration politics in general and the Saga Rebellion in particular. 651. Mikikai -- 't (Miki Club), Miki Bukichi A 6 % i T6kyo, Mikikai, 1958, 570pp. A sympathetic biography of the late conservative political leader (1884-1956) who was instrumental in creating the Hatoyama cabinet and bringing about the fusion of the conservative parties in 1955. 652. Miyake Setsurei ~> t f, Dojidaishi l! A Q p- (History of our times), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1949-54, 6v. A personalized history of Japan during the 85 years from 1860 to 1945, the author's lifetime. The emphasis is on political and ideological developments, though the treatment often ranges broadly over the entire intellectual scene. Miyake was a very well-known journalist of philosophical bent, and the present work is really a detailed and incisive critique of Japanese civilization from his viewpoint. Volume VI contains a chronology of the author's life and career, plus name and subject indices. 653. Mori Isao 4 A! At, Sh6wa ni ikiru f z r,- i, (My life in the Showa era), Toky6, Heibonsha, 1957, 262pp. A personalized history of the Showa era (1926- ) as seen through the eyes of an intelligent "man in the street."t The author was a painter by trade. Vivid and interesting. 654. Nihon Kindaishi Kenkyukai a;. % - t 1 ' (Association for the study of modern Japanese history), Kindai Nihon jimbutsu seijishi Lt sj A 0 J K (A biographical political history of modern Japan), Tokyo, Toy6 Keizai Shimposha, 1955-56, 2v. This impressive interpretation of modern Japanese political history through the biographies of 31 prominent political figures was written under the supervision of Hattori Shiso and Iramajiri Yoshinaga. The period covered runs from the end of Tokugawa to September, 1955. Besides the main figures, a host of minor characters are treated. Much light is thrown upon the complex personal interrelationships which are so important in Japanese politics. The 31 main figures covered are: Vol. I Saigo Takamori It6 Hirobumi Katsura Taro Kido Koin Yamagata Aritomo K6toku Shusui Okubo Toshimichi Mutsu Munemitsu Saionji Kimmochi Itagaki Taisuke Okuma Shigenobu Katayama Sen Oi Kentaro Hoshi Toru Vol. II Ozaki Yukio Mori Kaku Toj6 Hideki Inukai Takeshi Hamaguchi Yuko Tokuda Kyuiichi Goto Shimpei Ishihara Kanji Yoshida Shigeru Hara Takashi Saito Minoru Suzuki Mosabur6 Sakai Toshihiko Ugaki Kazushige Hatoyama Ichiro Kato Komei Konoe Fumimaro 655. Oka Yoshitake ~, Yamagata Aritomo^ 1-,, - q Toky6, Iwanami, 1958, 202pp. A brief biography of the powerful military statesman (1838-1922) who introduced the conscription system, written by a professor of political history at Tokyo University. 656. Okada Keisuke A) ~ 1t ', Okada Keisuke kaikoroku; f; 4~ I 46 ~ (Memoirs of Okada Keisuke), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1950, 298pp. The author (1868-1952), an admiral, was premier of Japan at the time of the February 26 Incident in 1936 and narrowly escaped with his life. His recollections of the political scene up to the defeat of Japan in 1945 are of interest and value. 657. Okuma Ko hachijugonenshi A. Y4.?& - -- (The eighty-five years of Marquis Okuma's life), T6ky6, Okuma Ko Hachijugonenshi Hensankai, 1926, 3v. A very detailed account of the long life and career of Marquis Okuma (1838-1922), one of Japan's most celebrated statesmen and founder of Waseda University. 658. Omachi Keigetsu J O f ~, Hakushaku Got6 Sh6jiro i ~ i[t - 1 (Count Got6 Shojiro), Tokyo, Fuzamb6, 1914, 793pp. Goto Shojiro (1838-1897) was one of the most politically active and important of the Tosa samurai during the early years of Meiji. This biography contains a great deal of valuable information on the Restoration movement as such, the political attitude of the Tosa clan, and the post-Restoration struggle for power among Satcho-to-hi. group.
Page 84 84 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 659. Osatake Takeki 4- ~k l-, Bakumatsu ishin no jimbutsu &, A/- % (Men of the Meiji Restoration period), Tokyo, Gakuji Shoin, 283pp. 660. Rironsha Henshubu: 01 H, ~ - (Rironsha, Editorial Staff), Tokuda Kyuichi den ' — W ~< - \f (Biography of Tokuda Kyuichi), Tokyo, Rironsha, 1955, 224pp. A sympathetic biography of Tokuda Kyuichi (1894-1953), a longtime leader of the Japan communist party. 661. Ryumonsha A fI /#-, Shibuzawa Eiichi denki shiryo -t 4 - {4 # { A (Biographical materials on Shibuzawa Eiichi), Tokyo, Shibuzawa Eiichi Denki Shiry6 Kankokai, Toky6, 1955+, 45v. Shibuzawa Eiichi (1840-1931) is often referred to as the father of Japanese capitalism. The present series is the work of a memorial foundation in his honor, and will assemble a vast amount of material on the political, social, and diplomatic aspects of his life and times, in addition to strictly economic background of Japanese capitalism. 662. Saito Makoto Den Kankokai 0 1. it J\ ' ~ (Society for the Publication of a Biography of Saito Makoto), Saito Makoto den ~ f t % (Biography of Saito Makoto), T6ky6, Sait6 Makoto Den Kank6kai, 1933, 998pp. This biography was compiled by a number of Admiral Saito's friends and associates while he was still premier. Part 1 is devoted to his life (1858-1936) and career before he assumed the premiership and pays special attention to his naval service and his term as governor-general of Korea. Part 2 gives a detailed account of Japanese domestic and international politics from the formation of the Saito cabinet in May 1932 to March of the following year. 663. Shibuzawa Eiichi - '- ' --, Tokugawa Keiki Ko den -,' ] | ii 4- t (Biography of Prince Tokugawa Keiki), Tokyo, 1917, 8v. Tokugawa Keiki was the last of the shoguns. This detailed biography casts a great deal of light on the politics of the Restoration movement from the standpoint of its prime victim and opponent. Four of the eight volumes are devoted to a biography, three to documents and one to a general index. 664. Shirayanagi Hideumi AP i -A, Saionji Kimmochi den p 4 If ~ { (Biography of Prince Saionji), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1929, 630pp. A political biography of Prince Saionji's (1849-1940) participation in public life from his youth till his retirement from the presidency of the Seiyukai in 1914. 665. Suzuki Mosaburo i $ ~ - p, Aru shakaishugisha no hansei ^ 3 AL a ~ ~; e i (Half a lifetime as a socialist), Toky6, Bungei Shunju Shinsha, 1958, 263pp. An autobiography of the one-time leader of the Japanese socialist party, with emphasis on the socio-political background of his activities. 666. Suzuki Toshisada I - I '], Hara Takashi zenden. t ' 4 (Biography of Hara Takashi), Tokyo, Nihon Hy6ronsha, 1922, 411pp. A biography of Japan's most famous political boss (1856-1921) which concentrates on Hara's political career and particularly on the periods during which he served as president of the Seiyukai and as premier. 667. Takahashi Korekiyo A $_ -4, Takahashi Korekiyo jiden A _L -; i (Autobiography of Takahashi Korekiyo), Tokyo, Chikura Shob6, 1936, 806pp. The autobiography of Japan's longtime finance minister and president of the Seiyukai (1854-1936) who was assassinated in the military revolt of February 26, 1936. 668. Tokutomi Iichiro It- $ 4 - r, Iwakura Tomomi K6 t; -A A L (Prince Iwakura Tomomi [1826-86]), T6ky6, Iwakura Ko Kyuseki Hozonkai, 1932, 293pp. A brief biography issued in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of Iwakura's death. 669. Tokutomi Iichir6o ~ % ~ - f, Koshaku Katsura Taro den i A-t A AS \ (Biography of Prince Katsura Taro), Toky6, Ko Katsura K6shaku Kinen Jigy6kai, 1917, 2v. A detailed biography covering Katsura's entire career with great thoroughness, but of particular value for the light it sheds on numerous important political developments in which Katsura participated, e.g. the Taiwan Affair, events during his periods of service as army minister and prime minister, the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, his relations with the Diet, the Russo-Japanese War and peace treaty, relations with China, and the origins of the Rikken Doshikai. Volume 2 contains a genealogy, a chronology of Katsura's life (1847-1913), and an extremely good index of his participation in politics, public life, military affairs, and the details of his personal life. 670. Tokutomi Iichiro -- it -, Koshaku Matsukata Masayoshi den i - $ - ~' 4 (Biography of Prince Matsukata Masayoshi [ 1835-1924]), T6kyo, K6shaku Matsukata Masayoshi Denki Hakkojo, 1935, 2v.
Page 85 POLITICAL HISTORY AND THE RECENT POLITICAL SCENE 85 671. Tokutomi Ichiro A- $ t - f, Koshaku Yamagata Aritomo den A, A A Ifde q (Biography of Prince Yamagata Aritomo), Toky6, Yamagata Aritomo Ko Kinen Jigyokai, 1933, 3v. A particularly useful biography since Tokutomi was given access to Prince Yamagata's (1838-1922) personal papers. Throughout he uses these documents extensively and generally allows them to tell their own story. The work thus amounts to a primarily documentary account and sheds a great deal of light on the politics and political attitudes of many of the leading statesmen of the Meiji era. 672. Tokutomi lichiro t ~ i - I, Saig6 Nanshu sensei v ^~ li # (The honorable Saig6 Nanshui [Takamori]), Tokyo, Min'yuisha, 1926, 87pp. A very brief biography of Saigo Takamori (1827-1877), the famous leader of the Satsuma Rebellion, written in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of his death. 673. Tokutomi Iichiro t $ A - #P, Sanjo Sanetsumu Ko Sanj6 Sanetomi Ko _ 4, '1 - ~. ][ ix (Sanj6 Sanetsumu [ 1802-59] and [his son] Sanj6 Sanetomi [1837-92]), Kyoto, Nashinoki Jinja Chinza Gojunen Kinensai Hosankai, 1935, 324pp. 674. Tokutomi Iichir6 t- $ A - e, Seijika to shite no Katsura K6o KG - g t z X - 'I (Prince Katsura as a politician), T6kyo, Min'yusha, 1913, 265pp. A very hurriedly done biography rushed to press soon after Katsura's death. It lacks much of the more important material used in the same author's later two-volume biography of Prince Katsura. 675. Tokutomi Iichiro at & - A, Soho jiden. tl t (Autobiography of Soh6), Tokyo, Cho6 K6ronsha, 1935, 716+10pp. An autobiographical account of the author's life from birth (1863) up to 1932. He is a famous essayist and popular historian, whose nom de plume is Soho. A bibliography of his voluminous writings is appended. 676. Tsuchiya Takao - /I E 4-, Zaibatsu o kizuita hitobito t ~ ~ ~, A t (Those who founded the zaibatsu), Toky6, Kobundo, 1955, 252pp. A biographical study of the founders of Japan's most powerful zaibatsu by a well-known economic historian. 677. Tsukui Tatsuo t - t- 4t 4-, Watakushi no showashi ) e I t_ (My history of the Showa era), Tokyo, T6kyo S6gensha, 1958, 197pp. The author had been a prominent exponent of ultranationalism before the war. Here he sets forth in quite objective fashion his recollections of the period prior to 1945 - a very useful evocation of the intellectual climate of the time. 678. Uzaki Rojo A.t A, Inukai Tsuyoshi den j J L \ (Biography of Inukai Tsuyoshi [Ki], T6kyo, Seibundo, 1932, 501+16+16+35pp. A detailed account of the life (1855-1932) and official career of one of Japan's best known political figures with major sections devoted to his association with Count Okuma, participation in the Kaishint6, Kokuminto, Seiyukai and other political parties, service in the cabinet, and his term as premier ending with his assassination in the May 15, 1932 Incident. 679. Wakatsuki Reijir6 t[ Li ~4 -, Kofuan kaikoroku i S I * (Memoirs of Kofuan), T6kyo, Yomiuri Shimbunsha, 1950, 469pp. The autobiography of a famous politician (1866-1949), who twice served as premier of Japan (1926-27 and 1931), as well as in numerous other important posts. It covers the period from his boyhood until 1947. 680. Watanabe Ikujir6o 5 k. -~, Bunsho yori mitaru Okuma Shigenobu Ko L t - 3 A. t 't \e.1kt (A documentary biography of Marquis Okuma Shigenobu [1838-1922]), Toky6, Waseda Daigaku, 1932, 502pp. 681. Yabe Teiji ~ ~ +- ed., Konoe Fumimaro i: t - ai (Konoe Fumimaro), Tokyo, Kobundo, 1952, 2v. A detailed account of the life (1891-1945) of this famous aristocrat, who was three times premier of Japan during the years immediately preceding the outbreak of the Second World War. 682. Yamakawa Hitoshi -, "I i7, Aru bonjin no kiroku ^ 4 e/,/ e,y (Records of a common man), Tokyo, Asahi Shimbun, 1951, 424pp. The autobiography of one of Japan's best known leftwing-socialist leaders and an ex-communist. It covers the first 70 years (1880-1950) of his life, including the famous "High Treason Case." 683. Yoshida Shigeru f V f, Kaiso juinen t. + - (Reflections on the past ten years), Tokyo, Shinch6sha, 1957+, 4v. The author was five times premier of Japan from 1946 to 1954, the crucial period of postwar recovery and the negotiation of the peace treaty. These memoirs, while they do not contribute much new factual information on the period, are invaluable as a reflection of Mr. Yoshida's personal views and attitudes. As of August, 1957, only the first of the projected four volumes had appeared. See also Entries: 408, 416, 606, 609, 1344, 1440, 1444, 1458, and 1461.
Law in General
pp. 86-90
Page 86 CHAPTER VI LAW IN GENERAL Specialized branches of law are treated separately in subsequent chapters. The purposes of the present chapter are: 1) to list and describe the major indexes and general collections of laws and sublegislation, and 2) to perform the same service for legal commentaries of a scope transcending a particular field or branch of law. The chapter is divided accordingly. 1. Indexes and Collections of Laws and Ordinances The student should distinguish two general classes of compilations of laws and ordinances, noting that for present purposes the term "ordinance, is used generically to include all or a sizeable number of legally distinct varieties of sublegislation varying from ordinances properly so-called through government or ministerial ordinances, regulations, instructions, announcements, orders, etc. The first class consists of all laws and ordinances promulgated in Japan without regard to their current validity or status. There are only two such collections. The more massive and definitive of these is the Kampo or Official Gazette (Entry 694) now issued by the Finance Ministry's Printing Office. No law or ordinance has legal force until promulgated in the columns of the Kampo. Hence it affords a truly definitive compilation of laws, sublegislation, and a variety of other official pronouncements. The second collection of this sort is the Horei zensho (Entry 693), which is somewhat less formidable and easier to use. It covers all laws and ordinances promulgated since October 1867. The second general class of compilations of laws and ordinances is far more common. This is the collection of laws and ordinances in force at a given time. Before the war such compilations used to be issued with greater frequency, often at two, three, or five year intervals and kept up to date by monthly, semi-annual, or annual supplements between editions. These are also impressive in bulk but do not approach the H6rei zensho or Kampo. They are usually identified by the term genko (in force or current) in their title. The most definitive of such prewar collections was probably the Genko horei shuran (Entry 692) issued by the Naikaku Kambo Kirokuka. For a similar postwar collection in loose-leaf format with supplements the student is referred to the Genk6 Nihon hoki (Entry 686). For most legal reference purposes, however, it is not necessary to seek such massive authority. The handy little volumes issued annually by a number of major publishers and entitled Roppo zensho (Entry 695) will usually suffice. These contain the current texts as amended of several hundred important laws, ordinances, instructions, and notices related to the traditional six codes and other bodies of Japanese law. A special problem with respect to the use of the more massive compilations of laws and ordinances is the lack of any satisfactory cumulative index. For legislation and sublegislation issued since February 1949, an adequate index with semi-annual supplements does exist. This is the Nihon horei sakuin (Entry 688). For prewar times, the several compilations of laws and ordinances in force are indexed, but the Kamp6 and the H6rei zensho have no cumulative index. In this connection the student will frequently find the special legal indexes described in Entries 687, 689, and 696 of considerable value. 684. Dai Nihon Horei Fukyukai - s, $ - t ' - t (Japanese Association for the Popularization of Law), Join teku shiki teikoku hoki -9 a -; ' - 7 A -A LJ (Loose-leaf compendium of imperial laws and regulations), Tokyo, Teikoku H6ki Shuppan, 1930, 27th ed., 15v. An excellent compilation of all laws and regulations in force at the date of publication. Contents are elaborately classified. There is a detailed table of contents, an iroha index and a chronological index of all laws and ordinances. A loose-leaf supplement was issued once a month between editions. The following table of contents will give an idea of its scope: 1) constitution and imperial household law; 2) parliamentary laws and ordinances; 3) laws and ordinances pertaining to governmental organization; 4) regulations; 5) rank, decorations, medals, and rewards; 6) local government; 7) land, forests, water control, and waterways; 8) police and sanitation; 9) social institutions; 10) accounting, financial organization, and the national debt; 11) tax organization, commissions, and monopolies; 12) lands, forests, and fields; 13) civil and criminal affairs; 14) courts and prisons; 15) shrines, temples, and religious affairs; 16) academic affairs, meteorological and calendrical matters; 17) military affairs; 18) industry; 19) national resources, research and statistical reporting; 20) communications, traffic, and electricity; and 21) traveling nationals and foreigners. Laws and regulations on the above subjects fill volumes 1-14. Volume 15 contains the general table of contents and the indexes. Earlier editions of this compendium were entitled Genko dai Nihon h6rei. 685. Daj6kan nisshi A -t t e t (Journal of the Daj6kan), compiled by Yamanaka Ichibe A ' -/ %, Murakami Kambe A~t- -, -' Or, and Kitabatake Mohe tb A, -J -#r, Toky6, 1868-70, ms. This is a rare manuscript edition, intended for official use, of a gazette issued variously by the Daj6kan or Council of State and by several private citizens from 1868 to 1870. It is a predecessor of the Kampo or Official Gazette, and, like it, publishes a great miscellany of government orders, regulations, instructions, notices, etc. Individual numbers of this journal were issued irregularly as a sufficient volume of material accumulated, usually every two or three days. Groups of ten numbers were then bound into a volume. The 86
Page 87 LAW IN GENERAL 87 Yale set is incomplete, but there appears to be a total of 178 numbers for 1868 and 121 for 1869 plus a few widely scattered numbers for 1870. The issues for 1868 were officially compiled and published, while those for the following two years were privately published by two residents of Ky6to. 686. Homudaijin Kamb6 Hokishitsu — Sk - _ E ] - -a -i t (Minister of Justice, Secretariat, Laws and Regulations Section), Genko Nihon h6ki 4 $4 -e A l (Current Japanese laws and regulations), T6kyo, Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai, Sept., 1949, 44v. The definitive collection of postwar Japanese laws and ordinances in force. The contents are arranged by volumes into major subject categories. They are kept up to date by the insertion of supplementary materials into their loose-leaf format. Volume 44 is a general index to the series. 687. Imanishi Kanlchiro 4" k - 9, Meiji h6rei sakuin s -; _ s / r | (Index of laws and ordinances of the Meiji era), Tokyo, Dai Nihon Tosho, 1899. 688. Kokkai Toshokan, Chosa Rippo Kosakyoku t ' J #, i i; ' (National Diet Library, Research and Legislative Reference Bureau), Nihon h6rei sakuin E -;4 A/ i (Index to Japanese laws and ordinances), Feb., 1949+, Triennial with semi-annual supplements. This is an index of current laws and ordinances which the Library is required to compile by Article 8 of the National Diet Library Law. All treaties, laws, government and ministerial ordinances, regulations, decrees, etc. of the national government are covered. Arrangement is by year of promulgation and within this by subject classification and the order of the kana syllabary. 689. Masujima Rokuichiro t A A - tp, Horei sakuin s6ran -;A /4 ~ A. (General index to Japanese laws and ordinances), T6kyo, Kobunsha, 1934, 2v. A monumental index of the laws and ordinances in force at the time of publication. It is an elaborately classified subject index with excellent cross-references. Volume 1 covers a - shi, volume 2 shi - wa. There is a table of contents, table of abbreviations, and a lengthy table of cross-references. A supplement at the end of volume 2 covers legislation enacted during 1933. Very simple to use and provides all the information needed to locate the relevant texts in the Kamp6 (Official gazette) or Horei zensho (Compendium of laws and ordinances), which are not themselves cumulatively indexed. 690. Mizuta Yoshio e<- aW J i, Nihon h6rei nempyg y $ /4 J f-t (Chronology of Japanese laws and ordinances), Tokyo, Waseda Daigaku H6gakkai, 1934. A special issue (No. 4) of the Waseda hogaku (Waseda Law Review) for 1934. 691. Naikaku Joh6kyoku v- M 4- t 4_- (Cabinet Information Office), Shuho s6sho hi~ & i (Weekly serial), Tokyo, Naikaku Johokyoku, November 1940+. Weekly. This series appears to have been used mostly as a medium to explain in simple terminology the purposes and provisions of the new laws and ordinances which were being issued in such numbers at this time, and, occasionally, for special monographs on wartime problems, e.g. the role of metals in winning the war, etc. 692. Naikaku Kambo Kirokuka t ~ ~ 4 $t (Cabinet, Secretariat, Records Section), Genk6 h6rei shuran t, AT -4 4 / A, (Compilation of laws and ordinances in force), Toky6, Teikoku Chih6 Gyosei Gakkai, 1938, rev. ed., 18 sections + index. This is the official compilation of all laws and ordinances in force as of the date of writing. This series, of which the present entry represents the most recent edition available in this country, originated in 1907. Thereafter new and revised editions were issued every other year, with a supplement in intermediate years, until 1930. In December 1930 a new basic edition was prepared-in loose-leaf format like all its predecessors - and this was supplemented by monthly loose-leaf inserts from the date of publication until 1938. The new basic edition of 1938 was similarly supplemented at least up to December 1941. The contents are classified into the following categories: 1) constitution and imperial house; 2) imperial Diet; 3) official regulation; 4) uniform regulations and decorations; 5) rewards and pensions; 6) literature, statistics, and the census; 7) temples, shrines, and religions; 8) local government; 9) police, sanitation, and reforms; 10) social affairs; 11) land; 12) finance; 13) military affairs; 14) legal affairs; 15) educational and academic affairs; 16) industry; 17) communications and electricity; 18) foreign affairs. Within each category the texts of all relevant legislation and sub-legislation are reproduced. It should be noted, however, that appendices, plates, or patterns pertaining to such texts are frequently omitted. A general index to all 18 sections, also supplemented by loose-leaf inserts, is bound separately. It includes a detailed table of contents for each section, a cumulative subject index, and a chronological index. 693. Okurasho Insatsukyoku k —, X ) A j/ (Ministry of Finance, Printing Office), Horei zensho -; /i * (Compendium of laws and ordinances), T6kyo, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, 1885+. Monthly. In prewar days this basic series was compiled and issued by the Cabinet Printing Office (Naikaku Insatsukyoku). It is the definitive and official collection of all laws, ordinances, and notices promulgated in the Kamp6 (Official gazette) since October 1867. It is issued monthly and bound, but not cumulated, annually in from 1 to 12 volumes. The contents are classified by types of legislation and sub-legislation into an involved series of categories, ranging from laws (Horitsu) to imperial ordinances (Chokurei), treaties (Joyaku), military
Page 88 88 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE ordinances (Gunrei), prefectural and colonial ordinances, and a large variety of other types which include all non-classified measures having the effect of law issued by any branches of the Japanese national or prefectural governments. Within a given section in any monthly issue, laws or ordinances are arranged by serial number, which amounts to a rough chronological order. There is an annual index in several sections-a subject index, an index by types of laws and ordinances, and an index of new laws and ordinances enacted in that year. The volumes for October 1867-December 1884, which were issued simultaneously, have a separate two volume cumulative index. This is the only cumulative index for any portion of the series. Since the war its compilation has become a responsibility of the Ministry of Finance which now issues it in monthly volumes. The present system of arrangement is also somewhat different than in prewar days. The contents of each volume are now classified as follows: constitutional amendments (kempo kaisei), imperial rescripts (shosho), laws (horitsu), government ordinances (seirei), treaties (j6yaku), regulations (kisoku), prime minister's ordinances (furei), ministerial ordinances (shorei), other regulations (sonota no kisoku), agency ordinances (chorei), decrees (kunrei), instructions (tsuitatsu), notices (kokuji), announcements of public corporations (k6ky6 kigy6tai no koji), etc. The order is chronological within each section. 694. Okurasho Insatsukyoku A, 'J ~P,' ] (Ministry of Finance, Printing Office), Kamp6o % (Official gazette), Toky6, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, July 2, 1883+. Daily. This is the official gazette of Japan and the most basic single source of information on all aspects of official governmental activities. Prior to Japan's defeat it was published by the Cabinet Printing Office (Naikaku Insatsukyoku), but has since been compiled and issued by the Finance Ministry's Printing Office. The vast majority of laws, ordinances, regulations, etc. become effective only upon promulgation in the Kampo. Similarly, it is required by law that all official announcements, notices, proclamations, schedules of promotion and retirement for the civil service, and certain categories of private legal notices be published therein. A more complete listing of the types of materials regularly printed in recent editions follows: laws, government ordinances, treaties, Supreme Court regulations, prime minister's ordinances, ministerial ordinances, rules, decrees, notices, parliamentary announcements and notices, appointment, promotion, and retirement lists, Imperial House notices and affairs, notes re the coming into effect of laws, reports of governmental offices, items concerning local government, public corporations, and public finance, public announcements, etc. A supplement, known as the Kampo gogai, contains the stenographic record of proceedings on the floor of both houses of the Diet. From time to time other separately numbered and paged inserts, entitled K6koku (Announcements) will also be encountered. These comprise long lists of formal registrations before the courts by corporations, associations, and other legal persons of such matters as incorporation and disincorporation, changes of legal address, death of officers, etc. Similar registrations before ministries are noted as addenda to the regular sections of the Kampo proper. Separately paged rosters of personnel retiring from the government service are also occasionally interleaved under the proper date. The Kamp6 is indexed monthly. The locations of these indexes for numbers issued during and after 1927 may be ascertained by reference to the classified section of the Naikaku Insatsukyoku's Kancho kanko tosho mokuroku and Kancho kanko tosho geppo. Monthly indexes cover the Kamp5 proper and the Kampo gogai, but not the K6koku. From September 1935 on, daily issues carry a brief table of contents on the first page. During the Occupation a special Englishlanguage edition of the Kampo, entitled Official Gazette. English Edition, was issued in T6ky6. This continued from April 4, 1946 to April 28, 1952, and was unsuccessfully revived by a private firm for a brief period after Sept. 1, 1953. The student should also be aware of the existence of certain predecessors to the Kampo, though for the most part these are so rare as to be completely unavailable in this country. Most important among these was the Dajokan nisshi (Journal of the Dajokan) inaugurated as an official publication in February 1868. Numbers for 1869 and later are unofficial but apparently reliable. During this period between the Restoration and the establishment of the Kampo in 1883, the government or branches thereof also published a number of other official gazettes of specialized or localized coverage. Such were the Anzaisho nisshi J t r- 0;. (Journal of the Emperor's temporary headquarters), the Kojo nisshi -;i ib e it' (Journal of the Edo castle), the Kanto chindai nisshi V tJ; /+ S L. (Kant6 garrison journal), the Chindai nisshi +f E iAk (Garrison journal), the Hokusei nisshi JL 4iE -l 0 (Journal of the northern expeditionary force), and the Toky6jo nisshi *,. -,0 e, (Journal of the T6ky6 castle). The type of information presently published in the Kampo was during this period distributed among these journals. The Dajokan nisshi appears to have been the most complete and authoritative among them. 695. Roppo6 zensho 5, -;* /t J (Compendium of the six codes): 1) Suekawa Hiroshi, ed., Iwanami, 1930+. Annual; 2) Wagatsuma Sakae and Miyazawa Toshiyoshi, eds., Yuhikaku, 1948+. Annual; 3) Katsumoto Hisateru, Sanseido 1956+, Annual; and 4) Ono Seiichiro and Nakagawa Zennosuke, Hobunsha, Annual. The four series by different firms listed above comprise the principal editions of these convenient annuallyrevised compendia of the six codes of Japanese law. Each contains the current texts as amended of several hundred important laws, ordinances, instructions, and notices related to the six codes. The texts of some major treaties are also given. The several items are annotated and cross-referenced to other relevant items. Title indexes are also provided and entries are classified by subject matter. Of the four series Sanseido's is perhaps the most comprehensive and includes unusually complete tables of cross-referecnes as well as precis of relevant judicial decisions. All are excellent and reliable, however. All four companies also publish briefer pocket editions of the Ropp6 zensho.
Page 89 LAW IN GENERAL 89 696. Sakamoto Yukie He + *. #1, Genko horei sakuin At -A 4 z 1I (Index of laws and ordinances in force), T6kyo, H6bunsha, 1927. A useful guide to the Kampo (Official gazette) or Horei zensho (Compendium of laws and ordinances) for laws and ordinances enacted between 1868 and May 31, 1927 and still in force at the date of publication. All classes of legislation and sub-legislation have been classified into 25 categories and are here listed by title. Their dates of publication and serial numbers, plus the serial numbers of all revisions and amendments, are also given. Since this is all the information needed to locate the relevant texts in the KampO or H6rei zensho, which are not themselves cumulatively indexed, a work of this sort serves as a convenient guide. 697. Suehiro Izutaro i A ~_, t, ed., Gendai horei zenshiu A L -k 4 4 ' (Compendium of laws and ordinances in force), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1935-36, 18v. One of the best prewar compilations of laws and ordinances in effect. It covers all such laws and ordinancesplus a few which at the time of publication were not yet in effect - except those of purely local or temporary effect or of a highly specialized nature. Volumes are divided by subject as follows: 1) imperial house and constitutional law; 2) civil service; 3-4) finance; 5) local government and education; 6) military affairs; 7) civil engineering; 8) communications; 9) correspondence; 10) religious and social affairs; 11) police and sanitation; 12) courts and criminal law; 13) civil law; 14-16) economic affairs; 17) international relations; and 18) general index. For each law or ordinance are given its title, date of promulgation, type and serial number, a list of all major revisions and amendments, and its text. The general index is adequate and reliable. 698. Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai If l ~ ~ - A 4 (Imperial Local Government Association), Sanko jobun s6nyufkajojizaigenk6hokizensho i z { iL W N- /P (, *]L A X L $ (Loose-leaf reference compendium of laws and regulations in force), Tokyo, Teikoku Hoki Shuppan, 1930, 25v. Perhaps the most complete of the unofficial compilations of laws and ordinances in force. It omitted nothing and was kept up to date by monthly supplements. Contents are classified as follows: 1) constitution and related lated laws and ordinances; 2) Imperial Diet and courts; 3) governmental organization and offImperiical indseals; 4) civil servants; 5) decorations, rank, and peerage; 6) civil and commercial laws and regulations; 7) criminal laws and regulations; 8) civil and criminal procedure; 9) administrative suits, pleas, and petitions; 10) local government; 11) police, sanitation, and prion isn management; 12) social affairs and travel; 13) education, weather, calendar, and festivals; 14) shrines, temples, and religions; 15) civil engineering, water, and waterways; 16) industry and commerce; 17) traffic, communications, and electricity; 18) finance; 19) military affairs; 20) foreign relations. Volumes 20-25 contain subject and chronological indexes. See also Entries: 321, 364, 727, 1460. 2. General Commentaries This section is devoted to a brief listing of a few commentaries on Japanese law in general or upon aspects or relationships of Japanese law too broad to permit their inclusion in one of the more specialized legal chapters. Among such works the student's attention is directed in particular to two. The first is the great sixty-volume Horitsugaku zenshu (Entry 700) which is still in course of publication. This is the single best source for information on practically any branch, subject, or theory of importance in the postwar Japanese legal system. A somewhat similar but less elaborate series is also available for the prewar legal system. This is Professor Suehiro's thirty-nine-volume Gendai hogaku zenshu (Entry 707). 699. Harada Ko (. V ', Hotetsugaku no kihon mondai -A2 r: ~ ~ a,f_ (Basic problems of legal philosophy), Tokyo, Seirin Shoin, 1958, 11+692+8pp. A discussion of the form and sanctions of law and the relations between law and the state by a professor of Chuo University. 700. Horitsugaku zenshu -; 4 ~ g (A complete legal collection), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, January, 1957+, 60v. + onevolume index. This is undoubtedly the most complete and definitive treatment currently available of all branches and fields of Japanese law. It is the work of some eighty-six authors of whom the majority are associated with Tokyo University. Unusual efforts have been made to relate each volume not only to the particular area of legal theory or practice directly concerned but also to the Japanese system of law as a whole. One or more volumes are devoted to legal philosophy, constitutional law, administrative law, criminal law, civil law, commercial law, social and economic legislation, law of procedure, international law, etc. Each field or subject is described and analyzed not only in terms of existing statutory and judicial provisions, but also from the standpoint of academic theory. As of October, 1959 some thirty volumes had been published in the series. 701. Ito Masami {g - e-i, Ho no shihai -; e &_ j (Rule of law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1954, 5+301+9pp. A highly regarded discussion of this basic principle of Anglo-American law by an assistant professor of law at Tokyo University. The work is divided into seven chapters as follows: rule of law in Anglo-American law, state power in British law, the concept of the sovereign in the Constitution of England, the essence of human rights in Anglo-American law, equality before the law, supremacy of judicial power, and the rights of the court.
Page 90 90 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 702. Nakamura Kikuo t e f 9, Kindai Nihon no hoteki keiseit Z 0 $ e; -t a ) (Legal formation of modern Japan), Tokyo, Yushindo, 1956, 301pp. A collection of essays primarily concerned with legal problems and controversies in the field of treaty amendment and the codification of laws in Japan. 703. Nihon Hotetsugakkai S * -; # 4 t (Japanese Legal Philosophy Association), Ho to dotoku -' 4 A t (Law and morals), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1958, 376pp. This is the 1957 edition of the Annals of the Japanese Legal Philosophy Association. It often includes materials of political interest. 704. Odaka Tomoo it A ~ I, Horitsu no shakaiteki kozo -;t a o 4 - J? # L- (The social structure of law), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1957, 379pp. A collection of five completed and one unfinished essay by a late professor of legal philosophy at Tokyo University. 705. Ohira Zengo K- $ -, Azuma Mitsutoshi - 4~- i It, Uemura Tadashi i e ~-, Tagami Joji a X-. -A, Tanaka Kazuo W t k and Tanaka Seiji ~ ~ _-, Sengo horitsu taisei no doko Vi 4 A it ~\ e) ( ~( (Trends in the postwar legal system), Tokyo, Dobunkan, 1957, 195pp. A good introductory account, intended for a lay audience, to a number of major postwar legal developments. It is a collection of public speeches by the above named law professors at Hitotsubashi University. The following subjects are treated: major legal changes during and since the Occupation, the postwar influence in Japan of Anglo-American law, changes in the police system, the development of labor law, and postwar trends in the fields of criminal law and commercial law. 706. Shimizu Toru 7- A- t, Teikoku koho taii 7 I i - - A t (Principles of Japanese public law), Tokyo, Shimizu Shoten, 1925, 599pp. A standard legal text by a former president of the Court of Administrative Litigation and member of the Privy Council. 707. Suehiro Izutaro t A SA ~p, ed., Gendai hogaku zenshu A, < -A tf / (Collected essays on contemporary jurisprudence), Tokyo, Nihon Hy6ronsha, 1928-31, 39v. A vast and definitive collection of essays by 60 eminent legal authorities on all phases of Japanese law from civil law and criminal procedure to copyright law, railroad law, and insurance laws. This is one of the best sources for general information on any aspect of Japanese law. The following essays will perhaps prove of particular interest to the political scientist: 1) Uesugi Shinkichi, "Constitutional law" (v. 1-3); 2) Hozumi Shigeto, "Introduction to jurisprudence" (v. 1-2); 3) Nomura Junji, "Administrative law" (v. 1-3, 7, 14, 28-29, 37); 4) Miyazawa Toshiyoshi, "Law on the election of members of the House of Representatives" (v.15); 5) Sugimura Shozaburo, "The local self-government system" (v.3); and 6) Miyake Shotaro, "Laws for the preservation of the peace" (v. 37-38). See also Entries 25, 235, 1601.
Constitutional Law
pp. 91-97
Page 91 CHAPTER VIII CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Constitutional law has always been a particularly favored field of study and writing among Japanese scholars. As a consequence it sometimes seems as if everyone teaching in this area has published at least one book, usually a text, on some aspect of constitutional law. Since such works are revised from time to time and reissued every few years —sometimes under variant titles but with minimal changes in content —the total number of scholarly works in this field is appalling. It would be fruitless and invidious to attempt to distinguish among their relative merits. The following lists represent, therefore, the writers' necessarily arbitrary and personal selection of some of the better known and more standard works. Others of equal merit have had to be omitted due to the pressures of time and space. The chapter has been subdivided into sections concerned with works on: 1) the Meiji Constitution (1890), 2) the Constitution of Japan (1947), 3) the constitution and human rights, and 4) the amendment controversy. 1. The Meiji Constitution (1890) Since the Restoration of 1867-68 Japan has had but two full-dress constitutions: the Meiji Constitution which went into effect in 1890 and the Constitution of Japan, which has been the country's basic law since May 3, 1947. The present section lists a few of the basic works on the former. 708. Hozumi Yatsuka. 4 AI-, Kempo teiyo. S it - ~- (Manual of constitutional law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1940, 7th rev. ed., 583pp. One of the older but most famous texts on Japanese constitutional law, published originally in 1910 shortly before Professor Hozumi's death. The author was a strong supporter of the imperial system and the leader of the more conservative school of constitutional law. He sums up his system in this work which ranges over all aspects of the field. There are chapters on the nation and the semi-mystical concepts of kokutai and seitai; on sovereign powers, the emperor and the imperial household; on the national territory and Japanese subjects; on the several major organs of government - Diet, cabinet, Privy Council, and Courts; and on sovereignty, imperial orders, emergency ordinances, laws, administrative orders, treaties, the budget, and administration. The work is a definitive statement of the older traditional approach to Japanese constitutional law. 709. Hozumi Yatsuka S /4 _ A, Kensei taii |. K _. (Essentials of constitutional government), Tokyo, Kensei Taii Hakkosho, 1917, 337pp. This is a posthumous work edited by Uesugi Shinkichi in which the author discusses Japanese government from the political as well as the strictly constitutional and legal standpoint. In the former sense it offers more, and in the latter far less than the author's great Kemob teiyo (q.v.). There are chapters on kokutai and seitai, the political morality of the Japanese people, constitutional government, political rights of subjects, the separation of powers, position of the emperor, powers of the Diet, the actual workings of constitutional government, elections, and political parties. It offers a good general approach and foundation for the study of any major aspect of Japanese constitutional law and politics. 710. Ito Hirobumi 4~ 0 1* L, Teikoku kempo koshitsu tempan gikai I | ~; I t - ~ ' t (Commentary on the imperial constitution and the imperial household law), Tokyo, Maruzen, 1935, rev. ed., 200pp. An article-by-article commentary on the constitution of 1890 and the imperial household law by Prince Ito who was in charge of the constitution drafting bureau. This comprises one of the basic sources for an understanding of the Japanese constitution and makes quite clear Ito-s own conception of his work. The section on the constitution has been translated into English by Ito Myoji under the title Commentaries oAi the constitution of the Empire of Japan (Tokyo, Chuo Daigaku, 3 editions, 1889, 1906 and 1931). 711. Minobe Tatsukichi ) -id i-, Chikujo kempo seigi. -;f 4 f (Article-by-article commentary on the constitution), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1928, 2nd printing, 739+13pp. A basic source for any student of Japanese constitutional law. The late Professor Minobe, one of Japan's most distinguished legal scholars, here performs for the constitution of 1890 somewhat the same service that Professor Corwin's The constitution and what it means today performs for the U. S. constitution. The work consists of a brief general introduction explaining the significance and origin of the constitution of 1890, followed by a detailed article-by-article explication and commentary thereon. A subject index is appended. 712. Minobe Tatsukichi -- ') ~ - A, Jiji kempo mondai hihan i j - A M S X J (Critique of contemporary constitutional problems), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1925, 444pp. A collection of Professor Minobe's essays on certain controversial aspects of Japanese constitutional law. It treats the national polity (kokutai) problem, the constitutional problems occasioned by Japan's membership in 91
Page 92 92 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE the League of Nations, the matter of political responsibility for administrative expenditures, problems of the election law, and the trend towards the development of constitutional government. 713. Minobe Tatsukichi iL 4t - ~t, Kempo kowa j, ~ & (Lectures on the constitution), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1918, 560pp. The earliest and one of the best known of Professor Minobe's general surveys of the constitution. It is less definitive than the author's later Kempo satsuyo (q. v.), and covers largely the same rraterial. 714. Minobe Tatsukichi t 4[ - A ~, Kempo satsuyo t -A t- (Manual of constitutional law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1935, 5th rev. ed., 626pp. One of the most authoritative general treatises on Japanese constitutional law based on the late Professor Minobe's lectures at Tokyo Imperial University. An introductory section discusses in general terms the nature of law, of national polity, of sovereign powers, of government, and of constitutions. Part 2 covers the origin and basic characteristics of the constitution of 1890, Japanese territory, and Japanese subjects; Part 3 discusses the emperor, his powers, and those organs of government which pertain directly to the imperial system, i.e. cabinet and privy council; Part 4 treats the Diet, its organization and powers; and Part 5 of such aspects of government as statutory legislation, substatutory legislation, treaties, and administration of justice and public finance. 715. Sato Ushijiro _ z -A- ~ 1, Teikoku kempo kogi J I t -X ~ - (Lectures on the imperial constitution), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1938, 374pp. A standard text on Japanese constitutional law by a member of the research staff of the faculty of law and letters of Tohoku Imperial University. Major sections are devoted to kokutai, political organization, the emperor, the inmperial position, regency, the position of subjects, the Diet, cabinet ministers, laws, ordinances, treaties, and the budget. 716. Satomi Kishio I- J 4 A, Kokutai kempo ron g t ~ A ~ (Treatise on national polity and the constitution), Tokyo, 1936, 655pp. A polemic study of the constitution of 1890 from a nationalist standpoint. It contains a section on the military and Politics, a detailed critique of Minobe's "emperor as an organ of the stateTT theory, a study of the imperial household law from the standpoint of the national polity, and a bibliography of suggested readings. 717. Shimizu Toru -it A -t, Chikujo kempo kogi d. ->A, - - (Article-by-article commentary on the constitution), Tokyo, Shokado, 1936, 9th printing, 539pp. An authoritative treatment by a former president of the Court of Administrative Litigation. Its emphasis on the administrative implications of constitutional law is particularly good. 718. Uesugi Shinkichi A 'wh t, Kokutai kempo oyobi kensei ]p 4 4 -;i t. L_ (National polity, the constitution, and constitutional government), Tokyo, 1916, 550pp. Professor Uesugi was a member of the faculty of law at Tokyo Imperial University and a noted authority on the national polity. The present entry contains a long discussion of the nature of the national polity, a chapter on forms of government with particular reference to Japan's special type of constitutional government, and a survey of recent (1914-16) constitutional developments in Japan and in Germany. An essay on politics and the popular will is appended. See also Entries: 778, 1123, 1441, 1734. 2. The Constitution of Japan The present Constitution, written and promulgated in 1946 and enforced from May 3, 1947, is properly referred to as The Constitution of Japan (Nihonkoku Kempo). Its first draft was written by the Government Section of the Allied Occupation of Japan and the Japanese were persuaded to adopt it by means whose precise nature is still moot. It has now served as Japan's basic law for upwards of twelve years. Although remaining a subject of bitter political controversy, it has deeply embedded itself in contemporary Japanese legal theory and practice. The following represent a selection of the voluminous writings on the new Constitution. 719. Hasegawa Masayasu _ X I, - - -, Kempo hanrei no kenkyu #. k IJ ej b J (Study of precedents in constitutional law), Tokyo, Keiso Shob6, 1956, 324+9pp. A good general reference source in the area of constitutional law by a professor of Nagoya University. 720. H6gaku Kyokai -A t '14 " (Japanese Law Association), Chukai Nihonkoku kempo f - ~ f; j. -* (Article-by-article commentary on the Constitution of Japan), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1954, 4v. (2v.) Written by a group of professors of the Law School of Tokyo University, this work is generally regarded as the single most authoritive reference in its field. Each chapter of the present Constitution is first discussed as a unit in terms of the general nature of its contents and the circumstances of its enactment. Thereafter each article is treated separately under three heads: 1) its general principles and purposes; 2) its relationship to corresponding sections of the Meiji Constitution and various foreign constitutions or systems,
Page 93 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 93 e.g., those of the United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, the Scandinavian states, or certain Latin American countries; and 3) prevailing interpretations of the article and important dissents therefrom. The text is elaborately annotated. The work is issued in a cheap four-volume edition and a more durable two-volume one. It has a useful subject index. 721. Kiyomiya Shiro - g ~ 7, Kempo ichi I - 1 (The constitution, volume 1), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 363pp. This is volume 3 of the series Horitsugaku zenshu, and is intended as volume 1 in a subseries thereof devoted to the Japanese Constitution (volume 2 is a separate treatment of the Constitution and human rights). The present work is organized into major sections on: the Constitution, structural principles, organs of government, and the main forms of legislation. The author's treatment covers the origins, philosophy, and historical development of present governmental organs and their relationship to comparable institutions or practices in the Meiji and foreign constitutions, as well as an analysis of the current system. 722. Kokka Gakkai(hen) e 4d,. (Political Science Association), Shin-kempo no kenkyu - $. tiA a ), (Study of the new Constitution), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1947, 350pp. Written by a group of professors at Tokyo University shortly after the adoption of the new Constitution, this work is primarily valuable as an early expression of academic opinion on the postwar Constitution and its interpretation. 723. Minobe Tatsukichi -;, i t ~, Nihonkoku kempo genron u; PJ. - ~, (Fundamental principles of the Japanese Constitution), rev. ed. (edited by Miyazawa Toshiyoshi g -: \L ~ ), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1954, 492pp. A revision of Professor Minobe's famous prewar Kempo saiyo based on the new postwar Constitution and done after his death by his former student and successor at Tokyo University, Professor Miyazawa. The revision is keyed to Professor Minobe's own work of this title published in 1949 and merely revises those sections outmoded by more recent changes in law and practice. 724. Minobe Tatsukichi L _t [ it 4-, Shin-kempo no kihon genri t e ~ $. ~ (Fundamental principles of the new Constitution), Tokyo, Kokuritsu Shoin, 1947, 194pp. A discussion of the principles underlying the Constitution of 1946. Professor Minobe discusses the popular basis of the Constitution, popular sovereignty, and the principles of perpetual demilitarization, freedom and equality, the separation of powers, and local self-government. 725. Miyazawa Toshiyoshi g '4 1_ k, Kempo ~ -A (Constitutional law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 414+10pp. A standard and very widely used text on the subject by one of Japan's most famous authorities. The book is an enlarged and revised edition of Professor Miyazawa's earlier studies, Kempo and Kempo taii, taking into account constitutional changes and developments since the Treaty of San Francisco. A detailed index is appended. 726. Miyazawa Toshiyoshi % t <t- k, Nihonkoku kempo 9; l t -A (The Constitution of Japan), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1955, 2v. This is a definitive work by a man frequently considered to be Japan's outstanding authority in the field of constitutional law. Volume 1 is devoted to an extremely detailed and critical article-by-article analysis of the Constitution; volume 2 supplements this through comparisons with the Meiji Constitution, discussions of the enactment of the present Constitution, and an analysis of recent judicial opinions on constitutional subjects. 727. Miyazawa Toshiyoshi -4 ' k and Tanaka Jiro ' - 1, Shin-kempo kankei hokishu -;2 - d -f e ~ (Collection of laws and ordinances relating to the Constitution of Japan), Toky6, Kokuritsu Shoin, 1948, 2v. A systematically compiled collection of laws and ordinances implementing the provisions of the postwar Constitution. 728. Nakamura Akira ~ t t, Nihonkoku kempo no kozo s -o A e A t(Structure of the Japanese Constitution), Tokyo, Ochanomizu Shobo, 1957, 354+2+10pp. The author, a professor of political science at Hosei University, here combines a good general study of the present Constitution with excellent materials on the problems involved in its enactment and a detailed comparison of its provisions with those of the earlier Meiji Constitution. 729. Oishi Yoshio - a < tJ, Nihonkoku kempo chikujo kogi;u [ (. A ' A (Article-by-article commentary on the Constitution of Japan), Toky6, Yushind6, 1954, 295pp. A strictly legal and somewhat controversial interpretation of the present Constitution by a former dean of Kyoto University's Law School. Professor Oishi is opposed to the introduction of natural law concepts into Japanese constitutional law. 730. Oishi Yoshio 7 a- A d-, Nihonkoku kempo no hori a; -9 A -e A - (The legal theory of the Constitution of Japan), Tokyo, Yushindo, 1957, 354pp. This is a recent revision of Professor Oishi's older Kempo genron (Fundamental principles of constitutional
Page 94 94 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE law). The author's concern is primarily with issues of legal theory and the relationship of these to the provisions of the present Constitution of Japan. 731. Sangiin Jimukyoku J ^ - ] ~; j (House of Councillors, Secretariat), Bunrui teikoku kemp6 kaisei shingiroku: senso hokihen 1 H A g 7. AL-/ ~-7 4 * (Classified records of parliamentary debates on the revision of the Imperial Constitution: section on the renunciation of war), Tokyo, Shin-Nihon Hoki Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, 1952, 224+664+16pp. This is a classified version of the stenographic records of debates and discussions in plenary and committee sessions of both Houses of the Imperial Diet on the controversial second chapter of the new Constitution, the chapter on the renunciation of war. Similar classified accounts have been planned for the debates on the preamble, the national polity and the emperor, basic human rights, the cabinet, the judiciary, the public finance, local government, the national Diet, and other miscellaneous sections of the new Constitution. 732. Sasaki Soichi W4 Xr r- -, Kempogaku rombunsen -;, Y L '_ (Selected topics in constitutional law), T6kyo, Yuhikaku, 1956-57, 2v. A collection of essays by one of the senior authorities in the field of constitutional law, a former dean of the Ky6to University Law School. Two volumes have been published so far and more are projected. The subjects are varied, e.g., a study of the name "Japan," the enactment of the present Constitution, the power of judicial review, the sources of the Meiji Constitution, the Japanese empire as a national symbol, etc. 733. Sasaki Soichi At - ) * -, Nihonkoku kemporon a i ~ -; f (Treatise on the Constitution of Japan), revised edition, Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1952, 546pp. A well-known text by a former professor of law at Kyoto University and president of Ritsumeikan University. A detailed index is appended. 734. Sato Isao { A s, Kempo 6 -* (Constitutional law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1955, 612+25+2pp. A good practical study of current constitutional law by a prominent authority. An index of relevant Supreme Court decisions and other materials is a useful feature. 735. Sato Isao 4f J X, Kempo kaishaku no shomondai., ~ ~ ^ ~ (Problems of constitutional interpretation), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1953, 352pp. A collection of 14 of Professor Sato's articles dealing with issues of constitutional interpretation of political importance during the 1951-1953 period. Notable among them are those on: the divinity and symbolic role of the emperor, the emperor as a moral focal point, the renunciation of war clause in the Constitution, the concept of public service in Japan, the cabinet's power of dissolution, problems of local autonomy, and problems occasioned by the withdrawal of the Occupation. 736. Sato Isao do- - b, Nihonkoku kempo juniko a e l '~. + * (Twelve lectures on the Constitution of Japan), rev. ed., Tokyo, Gakuyo Shob6, 1956, 378pp. This collection of twelve lectures is widely regarded as one of the most valuable commentaries on a variety of post-war constitutional problems. The first group of four essays attempts to view the present Constitution in the light of the history and record of overall socio-political change in modern Japan. The seven essays of group 2 discuss particular constitutional principles and problems, e.g., the provisions for the separation of powers, the position of the Emperor in the old and new constitutions, the provisions for local autonomy, etc. The third group consists of a single lecture on constitutional amendments. 737. Sato Tatsuo ~A k & -, Senryoku sonota It /i X /,- ("War potential", and other essays), Tokyo, Gakuyo Shobo, 1953, 144pp. A collection of essays on legal subjects by a former official of the Bureau of Legislation. The series of articles from which the work takes its title are devoted to an analysis of the term "war potential" in Article 9 ( the disarmament section) of the present Japanese Constitution. Other essays treat such subjects as the cabinet's power of dissolution, the size of the cabinet, the constitutional provision for popular referenda on the records of Supreme Court justices, constitutional amendments, etc. 738. Suehiro Kenkyusho ~ ~A ~ L t, (Suehiro Research Institute), "Kempo kaishaku" no chushin kadai '.i 4 A t j 4 o,s f,- (Central problems involved in the interpretation of constitutional law), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1956, 144pp. A special issue (No. 308) of the well-known law review, Horitsu jiho, devoted to nine articles on problems of constitutional interpretation. 739. Suzuki Yasuzo X f- 2-, Kempogaku genron |.; ~f. ~ (The principles of constitutional law), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1956, 6+10+594+4pp. The first section of this work is devoted to the theory and methodology of studies in constitutional law; the second part consists of an article-by-article commentary on the current Japanese Constitution. 740. Suzuki Yasuzo * A -- A,, Kempo kenkyu j - e _ (Studies on constitutional law), Tokyo, Sakai Shoten, 1956, 359pp. This book collects a number of Professor Suzuki's earlier articles which have appeared in various Japanese
Page 95 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 95 legal journals. A wide variety of topics are covered, e.g., the cabinet system, the process of constitutional amendment, freedom of speech at universities, constitutional principles of Eastern European states, characteristics of the Chinese Constitution, etc. 741. Suzuki Yasuzo and others k$ 4 - % y, Kemp6gaku no kadai, -I ~ e 4 A_, (Problems of constitutional law), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1954, 258pp. A discussion of methodological problems in the study of constitutional law. 742. Tabata Shinobu V A A, Kaitei kempogaku genronL if ^, z. (The fundamentals of constitutional law), revised edition, Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 590pp. The author is professor of constitutional law at D6shisha University. The study may be divided into two sections: first, a theoretical analysis of the basic principles of constitutional law, and second, a general interpretation of the provisions of the present Constitution of Japan. 743. Tagami Joji f t - A, Kempo yosetsu X -. Ja & (Essentials of constitutional law), T6ky6, Hakuto Shob6, 1957, 268pp. A highly recommended general survey of the field of constitutional law by a well-known professor of Hitotsubashi University. 744. Ukai Nobushige A. # {& W, Kempo & -:i (Constitutional law), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1956, 13+319+19pp. A relatively brief account of constitutional law and problems by a Tokyo University law professor. 745. Watanabe S6taro '[ if-. i- p, Zentei Nihonkoku kempo yoron / f 0 ~ g4 x. s - (Essentials of the Constitution of Japan), rev. ed., Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 366pp. An analysis of constitutional structure and problems by an outstanding authority in the field. The interpretation differs somewhat from the ordinary in the sense that Professor Watanabe's academic orientation is French rather than German. See also Entries: 515, 989, 1624. 3. The Constitution and Human Rights The subject of civil rights - or as they are now more frequently called in Japan "human rights" - has long been of interest to Japanese scholars. Particularly since the war, however, there has been an unusual amount of writing on this subject, often centering about the far reaching guarantees of the civil rights chapter of the new constitution and alleged encroachments thereon by the government. The following entries represent a bare sampling of this literature and include as well a few treatments of prewar issues in this field. 746. Kaneko Hajime and Kimura Kameji f +- -, * Aj t =_, Shinkempo to shiho: shinkempo to jinshin no jiyu As; -d A: it- t ZA - * ( d (New constitutional law and the administration of justice: the new constitution and freedom of person), Tokyo, Kokuritsu Shoin, 1948, 103+72pp. An attempt to explain to the Japanese people the practical legal significance of the relevant section of the new constitution. Dr. Kaneko teaches the law of civil procedure at Tokyo University while Dr. Kimura is professor of criminal law at Tohoku University. 747. Minobe Ryokichi;,4[ - i, Kumon suru demokurashii - 1 Y ~ " 7 *,- (Democracy in agony), Tokyo, Bungei Shunju, 1959, 262pp. A study of seven famous prewar incidents involving governmental suppression of freedom of thought and speech from the Moriko to the Kawai affairs. 748. Saeki Chihiro {41 O -t C, Keiji saiban to jinken AJ i, ' * A - (Criminal justice and human rights), Kyoto, Horitsu Bunkasha, 1957, 425pp. A series of essays on postwar civil rights in Japan by an outstanding authority currently teaching at Ritsumeikan University. 749. Sakisaka Itsuro t( t 3- 't (ed.), Arashi no naka no hyakunen o) r- A. e t- (The stormy century), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1952, 218pp. A history of infringements of academic freedom in modern Japan. 750. Suehiro Kenkyujo t v i t I- (Suehiro Research Institute), Kempo ni okeru shiso ry6shin no jiyu -4 I-~ I- 5.t.,I; e [ t (Freedom of thought and of conscience in constitutional law), Tokyo, Nihon Hy6ronshinsha, 1957, 136pp. A special number (No. 320) of Horitsu jiho devoted to a collection of essays on these fundamental civil rights. 751. Suekawa Hiroshi t ''1 -, (ed.), Kihonteki jinken to koky6 no fukushi t, / A /,r ' er iL-, (Fundamental human rights and the public welfare), Ky6to, H6ritsu Bunkasha, 1957, 302pp. A collection of essays and studies by leading scholars on the problem of basic human rights and public welfare. The editor is a prominent authority on civil law and president of Ritsumeikan University.
Page 96 96 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 752. Suzuki Yasuz6o { i — 4, Kihonteki jinken j ~ 7 4 (Fundamental human rights), Tokyo, Jitsugyo Shuppan, 1951, 390pp. A historical and comparative study of the concept of human rights and legal provisions for their protection in Japan and elsewhere by a well-known authority on constitutional law. 753. Wagatsuma Sakae f I- f, Shinkempo to kihonteki jinken t A t A (The new constitution and fundamental human rights), T6ky6, Kokuritsu Shoin, 1948, 224pp. The author is professor of civil law at Tokyo University. Professor Wagatsuma defends the position that the human rights guarantees of the new constitution are of a different nature than those contained in the Meiji document and cannot be limited by legislation. See also Entries: 799, 801. 4. The Amendment Controversy The present Japanese constitution was in the first instance drafted by Americans on the staff of the Government Section of the Allied Occupation. The Japanese cabinet was subsequently persuaded to adopt this draft as its own under circumstances which can scarcely be claimed to represent an exercise of free choice. Partially for this reason and partially because of a belief that the resultant political institutions and practices are in appreciable part unsuitable or undesirable for Japan, a movement has arisen in recent years, particularly since 1952, which advocates a partial or total rewriting of the present constitution. This movement is strongly supported by the present leadership of the Liberal Democratic Party and equally strongly opposed by that of the Japan Socialist Party. The consequent struggle has for some years been a central issue in domestic Japanese politics. It has, of course, produced a substantial body of writing, some of the more important items of which are described below. The student's attention is directed particularly to the several series of materials being issued by the Kempo Chosakai (Constitutional Research Council), an official Cabinet agency charged with an exhaustive investigation of the origins of the present constitution and of the need for its revision (See Entries 756-759). Similar to these but representative of the "progressive," and "anti-revisionist" school of thought are the publications of the Kempo Kenkyukai or Society for Constitutional Research (See Entry 760). 754. Fujita Tsuguo * ~ r A, Futatsu no sekai to Nihonkoku kempo -_ <, I Z B - 1;. -i (The Japanese Constitution in a bipolarized world), Toky6, Jiyu Ajiasha, 1955, 266pp. A collection of essays - including some published previously - by an older legal scholar. Dr. Fujita's thesis is that the present constitution was imposed upon Japan by the Occupation without Japanese participation or consent, and that it must, therefore, be extensively rewritten. 755. Hirose Hisatada. ')" A?, Nihonkoku kempo kaisei Hirose shian a } ~;E^f- )~ ^ K ~ (Hirose's draft revision of the Constitution of Japan), T6ky6, Y6oysha, 1957, 183pp. A suggested revision of the present Constitution by a conservative member of the House of Councillors. The draft was prepared at the request of the Ryokuffkai group in the upper house. 756. Kempo Chosakai ~. -2 I * t (Constitutional Research Council), Kempo Chosakai dai - kai sokai gijiroku A it *. -- t (Proceedings of general meetings of the Constitutional Research Council, session No.-), Tokyo, Kemp6 Chosakai, 1957. The Constitutional Research Council is an official agency of the Cabinet established in 1956 for the purpose of investigating the need for revision of the present Constitution. It was intended to be a bipartisan group including representatives of both major parties as well as noted scholars in the public law field. The Socialist Party has, however, steadily refused to participate and the Council as presently constituted includes only conservative and scholarly representatives. It issues at least three different series of publications, of which the present series sets forth the proceedings at all general or plenary sessions of the Committee. Subjects discussed include both the Meiji and the present Constitutions. It is a basic source for information on the origin of the present Constitution and for a variety of official and semi-official opinions as to its merits, demerits, and the need for revision. As of January 21, 1959, twenty-four such general committee sessions had been held and twenty-four numbers issued in this series. The Constitutional Research Council (Kempo Chosakai) should not be confused with the Research Committee on Constitutional Problems (Kempo Mondai Kenkyukai) which was established June, 1958 as a private group with similar interests. 757. Kempo Chosakai 5- -2 iB ~ X, Kempo kankei hanrei yoshishu -A fl. FJ '#1 t v (Collection of summaries of court decisions relating to the Constitution), T6ky6, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, 1958, 146pp. 758. Kempo Chosakai.$ 4, t * (Constitutional Research Council), Kempo seitei no keika ni kansuru shoiinkai dai-kaigijiroku $. A 1 e.I {- ' /), -- l * +I A (Proceedings of the sub-committee on the origins and develoPment of the Japanese Constitution, Session No.-), Tokyo, Kempo Chosakai, 1958+. A second series of publications by the Constitutional Research Council setting forth the proceedings of a subcommittee concerned specifically with determining in detail the process by which the present Japanese Constitution came into being and what degree of American influence and suasion was involved in this process. By February 12, 1959, this subcommittee had convened seventeen times. The series is a basic source of information on this subject.
Page 97 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 97 759. Kempo Chosakai Jimukyoku ' -, B ~,: ~ g (Constitutional Research Council, Secretariat), Kenshi sodai - go ~t I X - - (Constitutional materials. General series, no.-), Tokyo, Kempo Chosakai Jimukyoku, 1957+. A third series of publications by the Constitutional Research Council devoted to source materials prepared by their Secretariat for the use of the Committee. Particular numbers in the general series bear a variety of titles and subnumbers. Among those available for examination have been, for example, a six-volume subseries entitled Teikoku kempo kaisei shoan oyobi kankei bunsho (Plans for the amendment of the Imperial Constitution and related documents), the first two volumes of which cover both government and private plans for a new constitution as well as revisions in the several government drafts made by the Imperial Diet, and volume six of which sets forth the texts of the so-called Konoe and Sasaki drafts. Other subseries bear such titles as Nihonkoku kempo seiritsu keika no taiyo (A resume of the development of the Japanese Constitution), and Potsudamu sengen no jokojudaku ni itaru keii oyobi Nihon kanri no kiko to seisaku (The circumstances of the acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration and the organization and policy of the Occupation of Japan). By July 1958, some 26 numbers had been published in this general series. These comprise basic materials for any serious study of the origins of the present Constitution and the entire problem of constitutional revision. 760. Kempo Kenkyukai. -7 6 't & (Society for the Study of the Constitution), Nihonkoku jishukempo shian ~ ~ ~ if ~ -~ >0 it, (Draft of an independent constitution for Japan), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1955, 216+45pp. A statement of the views of this somewhat conservatively inclined organization on points in the present constitution which might possibly be revised. 761. Miyazawa Toshiyoshi and others % { {t C ^, Kempo kaisei ~ -;L LE (Constitutional revision), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1951, 245pp. An account of a symposium of some of Tokyo University's leading law professors on the subject of constitutional revision. Among the participants, in addition to Professor Miyazawa, were: Kaneko Hajime, Suzuki Takeo, Tanaka Jiro, Danto Shigemitsu, and Wagatsuma Sakae. Their focus of discussion was the Liberal Party's draft revision of the present Constitution. 762. Suehiro Kenkyujo t r to -r (Suehiro Research Institute), Kempo kaisei mondai no honshitsu j - L;a- fq L * e ~, (The basic nature of the problem of constitutional revision), Tokyo, Nippon Hy6ron Shinsha, 1955, 144pp. A special issue of Horitsu Jiho (No. 296), devoted to a series of articles by legal scholars on the problem of constitutional amendment. The majority are distinctly critical of the attempts of the government and conservative political parties to bring about such amendments. 763. Suzuki Yasuz6o *; _- A (ed.), Kempokaisei no kihonmondai. -i A L- 0 k SIL (Fundamental problems of constitutional amendment), Toky6, Keis6 Shobo, 1956, 340pp. An interesting series of essays on a constitutional problem of great practical importance in contemporary Japan. Notable among the contents are the discussions of the existence and nature of limits on the power of constitutional amendment, and the relationship of such amendments to the rearmament controversy and to the policies of the Liberal-Democratic Party. 764. Suzuki Yasuzo *;Z -~ j, Kempo kaisei to kempo yogo ~ -' _ ~ | -, ~ [ (Constitutional revision and safeguarding the constitution), T6ky6, Keis6 Shobo, 1955, 206pp. A discussion of theoretical and practical problems posed bv the numerous demands for the revision of the present Constitution. The author is a famous authority in this field, presentlyteaching at Shizuoka University. 765. Tabata Shinobu E ' &, Kemp6 kaiseiron A; > Y- s (Treatise on constitutional amendment), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1954, 212pp. The author, a professor of law at Doshisha University, is well known in Japan for his staunch support of the disarmament clause of the present Constitution and his opposition to constitutional revision. The present volume collects a number of his articles on these subjects written in 1953-1954.
Administrative Law and Public Administration in General
pp. 98-101
Page 98 CHAPTER IX ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN GENERAL The Japanese system of administration in prewar times-and in postwar too, to a greater extent than is usually appreciated-was both highly centralized and complexly organized. Furthermore, recruitment to its higher levels has always been closely associated with a specialized type of higher education within the Japanese universities. These circumstances have produced a sizeable body of writings focussed primarily upon the system of administrative law which establishes the organizational framework within which the government functions and specifies and regulates the complex relationships involved. Until recently most writers' interests and approaches have been essentially legal. It has been largely in postwar times that any appreciable interest has developed in the more broadly defined field of public administration, although a few individuals and institutions such as the Tokyo Shisei Chosakai (Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research) did pioneering work of great value before the war. With the establishment of the Japanese Association for Public Administration (Nihon Gyosei Gakkai) in 1950, and the increased interest in American scholarship, institutions, and practices engendered during the Occupation years, academic interest in public administration and scholarly writing in this field have increased notably in Japan. 1. Administrative Law 766. Asaka Sakae -;' _, Hanrei o chushin to shita gyosei sosho no shomondai ~'J o X BIz - l e /i_ i ' ' $& St d (Problems of administrative litigation considered from the standpoint of the leading decisions), Tokyo, Sakai Shoten, 1954, 379pp. The author is a judge who here treats the field of administrative litigation from a standpoint still rare in Japan, the practical one of what the courts have held. A useful and pioneering work. 767. Hara Ryunosuke. A -L_ X, Gyoseiho _:t (Administrative law), Tokyo, Hyoronsha, 1953, 369pp. An introductory text in the field. 768. Hara Ryunosuke. f it _ A, Gyoseiho ni okeru hochikoku shiso no tenkai e;:A r- i }t 3 -;;;,. ~.. ~ /0) _ (Development of the concept of "government by law", in administrative law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1948, 183pp. A discussion by a professor of administrative law at Osaka Municipal University of such subjects as: the rule of law in administration, changes in theories of arbitration, the development of the theory of compensatory damages in public law, the theory of administrative offenses, etc. 769. Isozaki Tatsugoro ^ d rf -X- a, Gyoseiho (soron) i t- (,m,) (Administrative law [an introduction]), Tokyo, Seirin Shoin, 1955, 9+463pp. An excellent general survey of the field by a former dean of Osaka University's Law School. This should not be confused with Professor Isozaki's book by the same title published in 1953. This is a new work covering the general rules of administrative law, administrative suits, administrative acts, the media of administration, and administrative organization. 770. Kawanishi Makoto ' 7 F, Gyosei sayo ho T K 4~ / -A (The law of administrative functions), Tokyo, Hyoronsha, 1956, 596pp. The author, a professor of Nihon University, distinguishes four major categories of administrative functions: police, welfare, education, and public finance. He here discusses the law and administration of each in detail. 771. Minobe Tatsukichi _ i4 -A iL &, Gyosei ho joron A >c -;A - I (Introduction to administrative law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1948, 144p. Written shortly before the author's death, this work was intended to be a post-war revision of his earlier works on administrative law. Although the factual materials of the study are out of date, the author's theoretical contributions are valuable. 772. Minobe Tatsukichi A: -, iJ, Gyosei saibanho j _ A +' - A (Law of administrative justice), Tokyo, Chikura Shobo, 1929, 426pp. 773. Minobe Tatsukichi._: -~ j i, Nihon gyoseiho s r fT ~t -A (Japanese administrative law), Toky6, Yuhikaku, 1936-40, 2v. One of the most detailed and definitive studies of Japanese administrative law extant. The following summary statement of its contents will convey some idea of its scope: basic concepts of administrative law; relation of law in general to administrative law; administrative actions; administrative offenses; damages and indemnities for administrative offenses; basic laws of administrative organization and the organization of 98
Page 99 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN GENERAL 99 various administrative offices; the law of government corporations; the machinery of local self-government; responsibilities and powers of local government bodies; public foundations; the law of public responsibility; the law of administrative litigation; special characteristics and types of administrative litigation; jurisdiction, pleas and administrative suits; police administration; factory and welfare laws; public works; public debts; finance and military affairs. 774. Minobe Tatsukichi t -)t 4 jt k~, Ruishu hyoron gyoseiho hanrei ~,, 'f (_,;. '4 (Critical and classified compendium of cases on administrative law), T6kyo, Yuhikaku, 1928, 2nd printing, 2v. A practically indispensable source for any detailed study of Japanese administrative law. This collection classifies and summarizes all decisions of the Court of Administrative Litigation and the Supreme Court since 1912 which pertain to aspects of administrative law. All important cases are extensively and critically annotated. Cases are classified as follows: statutes and rules, administrative acts, legal persons and public officials, election law, administrative litigation, and miscellaneous. 775. Oda Yorozu ~ ~ d, Nihon gyoseiho genri Y X At.L; f (Principles of Japanese administrative law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1934, 694pp. Professor Oda was a distinguished professor of law at Kyoto Imperial University and a Japanese member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. This is a revised and enlarged Japanese edition of his Principes de droit administratif du Japon (Paris, Sirey, 1928). 776. Sasaki Soichi - 4t - - -, Nihon gyoseiho soron 9; / i_ 4 &,. 4 (General principles of Japanese administrative law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1924, 827pp. 777. Sasaki Soichi W- ~t A. -, Nihonkoku gy6sei ippan horon 5; g if _ L - _, (General theory of Japanese administrative law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1952, 122pp. Professor Sasaki, former dean of the Kyoto University Law School, is one of Japan's greatest authorities in the fields of constitutional and administrative law. The present work is an attempt to present briefly the main aspects of the theory and practice of administration by law. 778. Shimizu Toru A,-, "Kempo oyobi gyoseiho. -i IT 4 ~- -a (The constitution and administrative law)," in Manchohosha * J -{~ 4-1, Shin Nihonshi ~- 0 a _ (History of new Japan), Tokyo, Manchosha, 1926, v. 1. A general essay covering developments during the Meiji and Taish6 eras. 779. Shimizu Toru -; - o, Meiji igo ni okeru gyosei hoki no enkaku ~ ~ ' / ' - t > IT 0 — C; 4 -> f (Development of administrative laws and regulations after Meiji), Toky6, Iwanami, 1934, 45pp. A brief but good description of major changes from the Restoration to the end of Taish6 (1926) in the following administrative spheres: administrative organization, personnel, local government, religious administration, the educational system, petitions, and the peerage. 780. Shimizu Toru -;* t —, Nihon gyoseiho V At < - (Japanese administrative law), Tokyo, Sh6kado, 1935, 362pp. The author is a former president of the Court of Administrative Litigation. 781. Shimoyama Eiji f a t -, Kokka baisho lo $ - 4t (Compensation by the state), T6kyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1954, 130pp. The problem of indemnification of individuals by the government became of pressing importance in Japan with the enactment of a law providing for such compensation after World War II. The author here analyzes the question from the historical, comparative, and legal aspects where Japan is concerned. 782. Sonobe Satoshi IC K ~L, Gyoseiho no shomondai l e 4 St, (Problems of administrative law), Tokyo, Yushindo, 1952, 196pp. The book represents a collection of the author's articles written after the enactment of the new Constitution. The following are of special interest: administrative legislation, promulgation of laws and regulations, development of administrative law under the occupation, and educational and cultural legislation in postwar Japan. 783. Sonobe Satoshi l -~ L-, Gyoseiho-ron 4 4 A ~ ( On administrative law), Kyoto, Horitsu Bunkasha, 1951, 297+8pp. A good introductory text by a professor of law at Ritsumeikan and Aichi Universities. 784. Sugai Shuichi 4- -, Gyoseiho text I i ~_ A ~ $ 1 (Textbook in administrative law, Part I), Tokyo, Yushindo, 1954, 108pp. A standard text by a professor at Kyoto University, treating such subjects as administrative authority, the administrative structure of national and local public bodies, administrative relationships, and administrative litigation. A second volume on specific administrative problems is expected.
Page 100 100 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 785. Sugimura Shozaburo P/ 'T- _ p, Gyoseih6 yogi f iL - -~ ~ (Essentials of administrative law), rev. ed., Tokyo, Yuihikaku, 1953-4, 2 v. The author is professor of public and administrative law at Tokyo University. Originally published in 1948, the present work is considered to be a standard text in its field. Volume 1 treats the general principles of administrative law with special emphasis on local autonomy. Volume 2 deals with particular administrative problems, e.g., police, economic control, financial administration, and administrative litigation. 786. Tagami Joji -1; ~ —, Gyoseiho soron i At A. ~ (An introduction to administrative law), Tokyo, Yushindo, 1955, 220pp. An outline of Professor Tagami's lectures in this field presented at Hitotsubashi University. 787. Takahashi Teizo { P ~ -, Gyoseihogaku At L -,7 (The study of administrative law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1954, 331pp. A clear and detailed presentation in text-book form of the theoretical and practical elements of administrative law by a professor of Doshisha University. 788. Tanaka Jiro 9 - f P, Gyoseih6o t at -:A (Administrative law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1953-55, 2v. One of the most authoritative reference works in this field by a professor at Tokyo University. Volume 1 treats the general principles of administrative law, volume 2 the theory and problems of administrative structure. A third volume on specific administrative problems in such fields as police and social welfare is projected. 789. Tanaka Jir6o =- p, Horitsu ni yoru gyosei no genri -IA 4,: 4 L ~ 4 L (The fundamental principles of administration by law), T6ky6, Sakai Shoten, 1955, 5+397+4pp. Professor Tanaka of Tokyo University is one of Japan's most outstanding authorities in the field of administrative law. The present work collects a number of his essays on such subjects as: the principle of "administration by law", modifications of this principle, the relationship of treaty law and domestic law under the new Constitution, administrative law under the Allied Occupation, administrative legislation, the bases and limits of local governmental laws, etc. A useful bibliography is appended. 790. Ukai Nobushige j e t b, Gy6seih6 no rekishiteki tenkai A ~L i ~ t _ n r (The historical development of administrative law), T6ky6, Yuhikaku, 1952, 269pp. In this work, regarded as an indispensable reference in the field of administrative law, Professor Ukai of Tokyo University attempts a threefold task: 1) a study of the position of administrative law in the Japanese legal system, 2) a study of the historical development of administrative law, and 3) a discussion of the character of administrative law in Japan. 791. Watanabe Sotaro j- LL t ~ 3, Nihon gyoseiho 0 & A aT -I (Japanese administrative law), Kyoto, K6bundo, 1935-36, 2v. A standard text on the subject. 792. Yamada Yukio L m 4 -$, Gyosei keiyakuron t EL:, *i (Administrative contracts), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1956, 155pp. The problems of administrative contracts in the common law sense are relatively new to Japan. This is one of the first efforts to treat the field systematically. See also Entries: 1528, 1529, 1536, 1543, 1544, 1549, 1624. 2. Public Administration 793. Nagahama Masatoshi -: t r, Gy6seigaku josetsu i L (An introduction to public administration), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1959, 258pp. A theoretical discussion of general problems and trends of development in the field by a professor of public administration at Kyoto University. 794. R6yama Masamichi y A t _, Gyoseigaku kogi joron it 0- A ~, ~ * (Introductory lectures on public administration), Tokyo, Nihon Hy6ronsha, 1950, 19+266pp. Largely a reprinting of the same author's Gyoseigaku genron (Principles of public administration) of 1936. 795. Sato Isao i k - -, Gyosei soshiki It d,, (Administrative organization), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1951, 74pp. A useful account of the subject by a man known primarily for his work in the field of constitutional law. 796. Tamura Tokuji f. -it, Gyoseigaku to horitsugaku t 4 _ e a -: 4 t (Public administration and law), Kyoto, Kobundo, 1925, 210pp. The author was a professor of law at the Imperial University of Kyoto.
Page 101 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN GENERAL 101 797. Tokyo Daigaku Shakai Kagaku Kenkyusho,,L. tti,4 4 & i (T6kyo University, Social Science Research Institute), Gyosei iinkai At Ax 4 (Administrative commissions), Tokyo, Nihon Hy6ronsha, 1951, 17+389pp. A cooperative study by some thirty Japanese specialists of the use of administrative commissions or boards in Japan, plus a comparative study of their use in the United States and Great Britain. 798. Ukai Nobushige A f {Hi 4, Gy6seikik6 ni okeru iinkaisei 4 K-* #. ~, it+ 4 & ' (The commission system in administrative organization), Tokyo, Nihon Hy6ron Shinsha, 1950, 70pp. The concept of semi-independent administrative commissions or boards is quite new in Japan. Professor Ukai of Tokyo University here discusses the history of the system in Anglo-American practice and analyzes their administrative, legislative, and judicial functions. See also Entries: 1603, 1613.
Social, Scientific, and Economic Policy, Legislation, and Administration
pp. 102-109
Page 102 CHAPTER X SOCIAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND ECONOMIC POLICY, LEGISLATION, AND ADMINISTRATION Japan is faced in mounting degree with all of the complex problems of determining and implementing appropriate policies in the social, economic, and scientific fields which confront advanced states everywhere. Over the years her scholars and administrators have produced a large and important body of writings which is closely related to the central interests of political science and public administration, and, to a lesser degree, to those of sociology as well. Writings in this field are too numerous to permit more than a symbolic type of coverage in a bibliography of this type, but an attempt has been made to list below a few of the better known works. It should be noted that these frequently overlap in their coverage works placed in several other chapters of this book. This is particularly true with respect to Chapter xvmIII on "Socio-economic structure and socio-political groups and movements." Students interested in this subject should, therefore, also consult the entries in Chapter XVIII. 1. Social Policy, Social Security, and Social Welfare 799. Aoyama Michio 4- a _t, and Goto Kiyoshi $L i i, Fujin no kaiho-fujin to kihonteki jinken A-, js._ -4 A z 4t.. A A (The emancipation of women-women and fundamental human rights), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1952, 217pp. The substantive parts of the work consist of essays on women and the family and working women viewed from the legal standpoint. 800. Azuma Mitsutoshi -~ -- -~ 4_L, Shakai hosh6ho - 4 { 4 -; (Social security laws), T6kyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 12+306+6pp. A detailed commentary on Japan's present social security laws and the problems they raise, written by a professor at Hitotsubashi University. 801. Hani Goro 1]1 = X- ep (ed.), Shikei haishi to jimmei soncho 6 j ~- e A,# t (Abolition of capital punishment and respect for human life), T6ky6, Sundaisha, 1956, 269pp. A collection of public hearings before the Committee on Legal Affairs of the House of Councillors edited by a famous Marxist historian. 802. Kawai Eijiro -, ' t - ~ P, Shakai seisaku genri Ad _ 4 ]. _ (Principles of social policy), T6kyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1935, 9+570pp. A detailed study of the subject by a famous Japanese socialist and liberal. 803. Kazahaya Yasoji A - - + -_, Nihon shakai seisakushi v f at, L- [ Z (A history of social policy in Japan), T6kyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1947, 510pp. A highly critical analysis of the history of social policy in Japan written from a Marxist viewpoint. 804. Kishimoto Eitaro l; _ _ qp, Nihon zettaishugi no shakai seisakushi o -,ft~ i 9 - 4 * K_t._ (History of the social policies of Japanese absolutism), T6ky6, Yuhikaku, 1955, 6+472pp. A critical and Marxist-oriented study of Japanese social policies by a professor of Kyoto University. 805. Kosei Mondai Kenkyukai ) _t M b T t4 (Society for the Study of Welfare Problems), supervised by the Ministry of Welfare, Kosei AJ i (Welfare), Tokyo, Kosei Mondai Kenkyukai, 1945 (?)+. Monthly. Formerly called Kosei jih6o 4 - 4 -- (Welfare review), it carries articles dealing with welfare problems and social security, and is intended for popular consumption. 806. Nihon shakai jigyo nenkan 0 $ i- - Sh (Yearbook of social work in Japan), Osaka, Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyujo, 1920-27, 1933+. Combined with the Ohara Institute's Nihon rodo nenkan (q.v.) from 1928-32, and thereafter published separately again. 807. Okochi Kazuo. -4 ~ - ~ (ed.), Shakai hosho A 4 4. f (Social security), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 267pp. A series of five essays on problems of poverty in Japan with reference to the way in which such problems are met by the social security systems of other countries. 808. Suetaka Makoto - H i$, Shakai hosho i - 4E (Social security), T6kyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1956, 334+5pp. A factual study of Japan's postwar social security system by a professor at Waseda University. 102
Page 103 SOCIAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND ECONOMIC POLICY, LEGISLATION, AND ADMINISTRATION 103 809. Zenkoku Shakai Hoken Kyokai Rengokai 4t [~ 1- 4 t 'Pk 4 iL'- 4 (National Federation of Social Insurance Associations), Shakai hoken 4G 4 4k t (Social insurance), T6kyo, Zenkoku Shakai Hoken Kyokai Reng6kai, July 1950+. Monthly. Most articles relate to social insurance and are meant for popular consumption. 2. Labor Policy, Legislation, and Administration 810. Ariizumi Toru ~ _t i-, Numata Inejiro -i V P6 4 q, Matsuoka Saburo e A 2p, Minemura Teruo $- # - _ f, and others, K6za r6do mondai to rodo-h6 f} At f' _ I l b -a (Essay series on labor problems and labor law), Toky6, K6bund6, 1956-57, 6v. A monumental compilation by ten authorities in the fields of labor law, economics, and medical science intended to clarify the nature of current labor problems. The coverage is as follows: 1) the organization and operation of trade unions; 2) the right to organize and unfair labor practices; 3) labor disputes and labor's rights in such disputes; 4) collective agreements and employees' regulations; 5) wages, working conditions, and the labor standards act; and 6) working women. 811. Asai Kiyonobu ' 4 t -7 n, Rodo keiyaku no kihon mondai [. MO^g] (Basic problems of labor agreements), Kyoto, Horitsu Bunkasha, 1952, 332pp. The contents consist of two postwar articles on the legal aspects of trade agreements plus a similar essay written in 1934. The comparison of the prewar and postwar status of the field is interesting. 812. Azuma Mitsutoshi - 4-: 4L_, Jokai rod6 kankei chosei h6 4C.. C 3^ I. q M, (Commentaries on the Labor-Relations Adjustment Act), T6ky6, Kobund6, 1955, 229pp. A careful explanation of the terms of the Act documented by decisions and cases of the Central Labor Relations Committee, of which the author, a professor at Hitotsubashi University, was a member. 813. Chuo Rodo jiho _ - 4 f- (Central Labor Relations bulletin), Tokyo, Churo Kaikan, 1946+. Three times a month. A journal published under the supervision of the Central Labor Relations Committee and devoted mainly to reports of judgments and awards by the Committee in labor arbitration and conciliation cases. 814. Gekkan Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyujo zasshi q tJ fC. i ft it r ~ " ' (Monthly journal of the Ohara Institute for Social Research), T6ky6, D6jinsha, 1934-[? ] Monthly. The Ohara Institute is one of the best known agencies in the field of labor research. The present journal carries on an older publication of the Institute entitled Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyujo zasshi (q.v.). 815. Gekkan rodo mondai 4 1 h i fb,f 2 (Monthly review of labor problems), Toky6, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1958+. Monthly. A journal devoted to labor and related problems. Its emphasis. is on Japanese labor unions. 816. Hirano Yoshitaro -f ' -, Ap, Kain6 Michitaka A >t t ~, and Kawashima Takeyoshi 'I) J k S, eds., Danketsu-ken no kenkyii j,d ~ Lj (Studies of the right to organize), T6kyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1950, 544pp. A series of essays in commemoration of Professor Suehiro's 60th birthday. They treat such subjects as the history of the right to organize in England, France, and the United States, unfair labor practices, conciliation and arbitration methods, company unions, closed shops, union shops, and collective agreements. Most of the data refer to foreign experience. 817. Hishiyama Tatsuichi ft_ t /- -, Seifu to rod6sha _ ~ ~ { fe v- (The government and workers), Ky6to, Sanichi Shobo, 1957, 289pp. A critical analysis of the Ministry of Labor, its staff, and their policies by a former editorial writer for Yomiuri and Sangyo Keizai. 818. Ishii Teruhisa i-,, Rodoho kowa ~ 4 -: / * ^ (Lectures on labor-law), Tokyo, Yushindo, 1954, 410pp. A text on labor law, especially the Trade Unions Act and the Labor Relations Adjustment Act by a professor of Tokyo University. 819. Ishii Teruhisa f 44. A and others, Rodo kyoyaku i * '1. 1 (Labor agreements), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1954, 9+211pp. A series of articles by authorities in the field on such subjects as: the binding effect of labor agreements, working conditions, union rights to "exclusive negotiating powers", problems of temporary employees, the right to discharge, etc. The editor is professor of labor law at Tokyo University. 820. Kataoka Noboru e 4( and others, Pikettingu no kenkyu etr"74 "e 0) - _ (Study of picketing), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1955, 347pp. The authors here discuss various legal views of picketing held in England and the United States, and attempt to establish a new systematic legal theory in this field.
Page 104 104 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 821. Rodo Hogaku Kenkyujo A k, t e L ~ (Labor Law Research Institute), Kikan rodoho t I\ A- { -;*, (Labor law quarterly), Tokyo, September 1951+. Quarterly. A professional journal devoted to labor law and related issues. 822. Kurokawa Koroku. il /'- A\, R6doho jo no shomondai ~ {ra -A - T 1 M - (Problems in labor law), Tokyo, Gyosei Shiryo Kankokai, 1953, 338pp. The author, an official of the Ministry of Labor, discusses such problems as: rights of employees and managers, rights to discharge, collective agreements, unfair labor practices, etc. 823. Matsuoka Saburo 9/ E, Rodoho no riron to toso i { -A e ~ S ~ t9 ~ (Theories of labor law and struggles in labor relations), Toky6, Rodo Keizaisha, 1952, 357pp. A practically oriented account of a number of specific problems in the field of labor law: political movements and laws for the maintenance of peace and order, collective bargaining, union activities, strikes, unfair labor practices, collective agreements, the labor standards, and workers' compensation acts, etc. 824. Matsuoka Saburo PA _z_, and Ishiguro Takuji a. R k, Nihon rodo gyosei a {~ AT & (Japanese labor administration), Toky6, Keis6 Shobo, 1955, 358pp. The first half of this work discusses the general theory and the relevant laws in the field; the second half treats the administrative organization and provisions for carrying labor legislation into effect. Professor Matsuoka is a specialist in labor law at Meiji University while Mr. Ishiguro is an official of the Ministry of Labor. 825. Minemura Teruo J- lA T L fp, and Ariizumi Toru '~ 4 ~, (eds.), Semmon koza rod6oho J f ~ t ^ 1* -; (Special essay series on labor law), Tokyo, Rodoho Kondankai, 1953, 5v. A collection of lectures resulting from a series of symposia on current problems of labor law held in 1952. They provide a rich source of conflicting opinions on such controversial matters as: Article 28 of the Japanese Constitution, political strikes, picketing, the obligation of peaceful negotiation of labor disputes, labor relations in public corporations, discriminatory treatment, lockouts, the union shop, collective bargaining, etc. 826. Minemura Teruo $ t,t 7, and others, Sogi o meguru horitsu mondai ~ ~ X z < i -i t t 4 - (Legal problems of trade disputes), T6ky6, T6yo Keizai Shimp6sha, 1955, 375pp. A collection of eight essays on such subjects as: the rights of labor and the public welfare, types of trade disputes, the law and ethics of picketing, trade disputes and third persons, limitations on trade disputes set by the courts, etc. An appendix sets forth a number of important judicial decisions in this field. 827. Morinaga Eizaburo -A * - -, Rodo kyoyaku to shugyo kisoku 0 f{t,1,? z _t 9 j (Labor agreements and employment regulations), T6kyo, Rodo HOritsu Jump6sha, 1953, 4+310pp. A discussion of current labor legislation from the standpoint of a practicing labor lawyer. 828. Naikaku Tokeikyoku R %.L k e (Cabinet, Statistical Office), Rodo t6kei jisshi ch6sa h6koku) f A A,~ f ~( ~ J $ 4 -~ { (Report on the investigation of labor statistics), Toky6, Naikaku TOkeikyoku, 1929-30, 4v. This is a consolidated report of an investigation of the standard of living, working conditions, etc. of workers in selected employments carried out in all major cities of Japan during October 1927. 829. Naikaku Tokeikyoku ' ~, e '1 (Cabinet, Statistical Office), Rodo tokei y6ran A t - (Survey of labor statistics), T6kyo, T6kei Kyokai, 1924+. Annual. Gives detailed statistics on the laboring class, types of labor, labor unions, tenant unions, landlord-tenant cooperative associations, working hours, wages, labor disputes, etc. 830. Naimush6 Shakaikyoku V 4 )j ' - /t (Ministry of the Interior, Social Office), R6do kankei h6ki # * r it -* AL (Laws and regulations relating to labor), T6ky6, Sangy6 Fukuri Ky6kai, 1926. 831. Nihon Ginko Chosakyoku E * # IT, * A- (Bank of Japan, Research Office), Rodo tokei i {f,t, $t (Labor statistics), Toky6, Nihon Gink6 Ch6sakyoku, 1922+. Monthly. A monthly record of statistics on discharges, hiring, labor exchanges, variations in the wage indexes, etc. These data are compiled annually (See ff. entry). 832. Nihon Ginko Chosakyoku E f / 4T A * ~ (Bank of Japan, Research Office), Rodo tokei shoho 6 *g t t -.1, * (Bulletin of labor statistics), Tokyo, Nihon Ginko Ch6sakyoku, 1922+. Annual. An annual compilation of the bank's monthly publication on wage indexes, hiring, discharges, labor exchanges, etc. 833. Nihon Rod6 Hogakkai ~ * 4 ( A ~ q (Japan Labor Law Association), Rodoho koza \h ) (Essay series on labor law), T6kyo, Yiihikaku, 1956-, 7v. An encyclopedic coverage of the entire field of labor law by a large array of authors. Only three of the projected seven volumes had been published as of the end of 1957. Coverage is as follows: 1) introduction
Page 105 SOCIAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND ECONOMIC POLICY, LEGISLATION, AND ADMINISTRATION 105 the status and relationships of labor law and a history of the Japanese labor movement; 2) the right to organize; 3) trade disputes; 4) collective agreements; 5) the labor standards act; 6) special problems of labor law, and 7) labor law in foreign countries. 834. Nihon rodo nenkan - * * J- 4t (Japan labor yearbook), Tokyo, Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyujo, 1920+. The most detailed and authoritative of Japan's prewar labor yearbooks. Provides broad coverage and excellent statistics. Covers the following subjects: Part 1 - labor conditions, including hours of work, industrial accidents, wage scales, unemployment, and representative family budgets for laborers; part 2 - social movements, including labor disputes, trade union and peasant union activities and the organization, program, activities and electoral record of all proletarian political parties; part 3 - social policies, including labor legislation, social insurance, unemployment measures, employers' welfare work, rural measures and governmental policies towards labor movements and questions. Appendices give tables of laws and ordinances relating to labor problems and a bibliography. 835. Nomura Heiji ft if 1 j, Nihon rodoho no keLsei katei to riron v $ ~ *; ^<i-* * * (The theory and development of Japanese labor legislation), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1957, 328pp. An outstanding analysis of the development of Japanese labor law by a professor of Waseda University. He treats such matters as the right to strike, and rights to organize and bargain collectively. 836. Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyujo zasshi jc t i~ — 4 r &, )iL M. * L-t (Journal of the Ohara Institute for Social Research), T6ky6, Dojinsha, August 1923 -November 1933. Irregular. The Ohara Institute is one of the best-known agencies in the field of labor and social welfare research. The present journal reflects these interests. Publication was continued in 1934 under a new title, Gekkan Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyujo zasshi (q.v.). 837. Okochi Kazuo _ -; A -, Shakai seisaku genri AL 4 L L. ~ (Principles of social policy), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1951, 336pp. A discussion of some basic problems of "social policy", which the author equates with "labor policy". 838. Rodo Daijin Kambo Rodo Tokei Chosabu t K /- ~ ~ ~ (t..b # -, Labor Ministry, Secretariat, Labor Statistics and Research Division, Rodo tokei ch6sa gepp5o i t' I k F -~ (Monthly bulletin on labor statistics and research), Toky6, Nihon R6sei Ky6kai, May, 1948. Monthly. A monthly compilation of general labor statistics plus articles on domestic and foreign labor problems and developments. 839. Rod6 Daijin Kambo Somuka / f - f,. _ - ' z Secretariat of the Minister of Labor, General Affairs Section, Rodo gyosei yoran + *j At (t- t (Handbook of labor administration), Tokyo, 1954, 430pp. A summary history and statement of major laws and policies in the field of labor administration as of 1953. It treats such matters as the labor standards law, legislation governing the employment of women and minors, employment security legislation, etc. 840. Rodoho f + -; (Labor law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, October 1951+. Semiannual. Organ of the Japanese Labor Law Association (Nihon R6doho Gakkai). 841. R6do Hoki Kenkyukai AL 4; Fu I (Society for the Study of Labor Laws and Regulations), Rodo6 kankei hoki # 1 %. -It, (Labor law and regulations), T6kyo, Mita Shobo, 1929. 842. Rodo nenkan f 4 - k (Labor yearbook), Tokyo, Kyoch6kai. Not to be confused with the Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyujo's Nihon r6do nenkan (q.v.), this excellent series compiled by the Kyochokai or Conciliation Society, is neither as old nor as well known. In most respects, however, it is practically as good as, and, in a few, superior to the older series. It devotes major sections to the following subjects: social administration, industrial labor, conditions of laborers, standards of living of laborers, proletarian political parties and organized labor movements, labor disputes, nationalistic movements, cooperative movement, agricultural movements, workers education, and a survey of labor conditions and activities abroad and on the international level. Appendices contain a wealth of statistical information on Japanese labor organizations of all sorts, including proletarian political parties and patriotic groups; a table of laws and ordinances affecting labor; a chronology of important events during the year in Japan and abroad; and a very extensive and excellent classified bibliography of books and articles on all subjects treated in the text. 843. Rodo nenkan * J4 -~ AL (Labor yearbook), Tokyo, Mitsubishi Goshi Kaisha. Not to be confused with the similarly titled yearbooks published by the Ky6ch6kai and the Nihon Rodo Sodomei. This is a publication of the great Zaibatsu firm of Mitsubishi with a corresponding emphasis on labor statistics and economics. 844. R6do nenkan * * B-4- (Labor yearbook), Tokyo, Nihon Rodo Sodomei, [?] - ca. 1932. One of the older labor yearbooks which ceased publication about 1932. It was prepared by the Sangy6 Rodo
Page 106 106 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Chosajo (Industrial Labor Research Institute) of the Nihon Rodo Sodomei (Japan General Federation of Labor) and reflected a definitely pro-labor attitude. Said to have been very competently written and to have excellent statistics. 845. Rodosh6o * '1 (Ministry of Labor), Rod6 jih6 O f 4 4- (Labor review), T6kyo, R6do Horei Kyokai, May 1948+. Monthly. Contains several articles and basic data on all phases of labor problems, developments, and administration. 846. Rod6sh6 R6do Tokei Chosabu 'f * t ' X A t _ (Ministry of Labor, Labor Statistics and Research Division), Rodo hakusho Ah b $i (Labor white paper), To-ky6, Rod6 Horei Ky6kai, 1949+. Annual. A useful annual compilation on the labor situation in Japan. Major sections are devoted to employment and unemployment, wages, working hours and accidents on the job, living and working conditions, relations between labor and employers, and statistical tables. The presentation is largely statistical. 847. R6d6sho Rodo Tokei Chosabu * I V * c f # - (Ministry of Labor, Division of Statistical Research), R6do kyoyaku zensho i. ' 7 t (Collection of labor agreements), Toky6, R6odgy6sei Kenkyujo, 1956, 1123pp. A detailed analysis of agreements between Japanese labor unions and employees made in 1953. 848. R6dosho Roseikyoku * { X - (Ministry of Labor, Labor Policy Bureau), Kaisei rodo kankeiho no shokai eL &- * < 4e -;^ F 4$ (Detailed explanation of the revised labor laws), Tokyo, Romu Gy6sei Kenkyujo, 1952, 444+108pp. A detailed exposition of the revised versions of the Labor Union Law, the Labor Relations Adjustment Act, the Public Corporations' Labor Relations Act, and the Local Public Enterprises Labor Relations Act. 849. Rodosho Roseikyoku I A 'I * L t (Ministry of Labor, Labor Policy Bureau), Zenkoku kumiai saishin no kiyaku oyobi kisoku shu /t] M.- 4 e_ A t' (A collection of the latest national labor union agreements and regulations), T6ky6, Nikkan R6d6 Tsushinsha, 1956, 705pp. A collection of contracts, regulations, programs and election regulations and procedures for 68 of Japan's largest trade unions. 850. Rodo Sogi Chosakai 4P ~ " ~ X ( (Association for the Investigation of Trade disputes), Sengo r6do sogi jittai chosa 0 A_ ~ * ~ I. ~ id I (Research on the actual circumstances of postwar trade disputes), T6kyo, Chuo Kor6nsha, 1956-57, 5v. A massive study of the development and course of labor disputes in selected postwar industries. Volumes one to four are devoted to disputes in the coal mining, electric service, transport, and textile industries respectively. Volume five treats particular unfair labor practices. A sixth volume is projected. 851. Rod6 t6kei yoran 4.b K - ~ (Handbook of labor statistics), Toky6, Naikaku T6keikyoku, 1924+. Annual. A compendium of official government statistics on labor unions, labor disputes, industrial welfare, standards of living, etc. 852. Sekai no rodo A f e i ~ (The world's labor), T6kyo, Nihon I.L.O. Ky6kai, 1924+. Monthly. The organ of the Japan Section of the International Labor Organization. A regular bibliographical section discusses new literature in the field of industrial labor. 853. Sohy6 Chosabu - i 4- (General Council of Japanese Trades Unions, Research Department), Nempo, Nihon no seiji keizai rodo bunseki - -, j t_ *.. - -j* ~t (Yearbook: An analysis of Japanese politics, economics, and labor), Tokyo, Shunjusha, 1957, 272pp. This is a so-called "white paper" on the general conditions of Japanese politics, economy, and labor issued by the nation's largest federation of labor unions. In addition to a general survey of political and economic conditions at home and abroad, it devotes considerable space to analyses of the actual circumstances of the working class, the conditions and prospects of a number of major private and public industries and undertakings, and developments in the labor movement. 854. Sonda Hideharu -a a f +-, Waga kuni rod6 hoki no hanketsurei 42, -#I:4. A' - #1 (Leading cases on Japanese labor law and regulations), Toky6, Shimizu Shoten, 1926. 855. Suekawa Sensei Kanreki Kinen f,1 o 3 t t S /k (Essays in commemoration of Professor Suekawa's 60th birthday), R6doh6 keizeiho no shomondai i 4 -;. - #- A t 9 t 4 f (Problems in labor law and economic legislation), Toky6, Yahikaku, 1953, 340pp. A series of essays in the field of labor law by friends and former students of Professor Suekawa. They treat such subjects as workers' participation in management in Western Germany, unfair labor practices, legal aspects of the lockout, labor relations in the civil service, etc. See also Entries: 619, 1396, 1547.
Page 107 SOCIAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND ECONOMIC POLICY, LEGISLATION, AND ADMINISTRATION 107 3. Economic Policy, Legislation, and Administration 856. Imamura Shigekazu / ' 4 1 *m, Shiteki dokusen kinshiho no kenkyu —sono haikei to d6tai P- iIt t i_ #- A e f C I 0) I r f V. (Study of the anti-monopoly law-its background and tendencies), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1956, 321pp. The author discusses the American antecedents of Japan's anti-monopoly legislation and analyzes the record of Japan's Fair Trade Commission in enforcing it over the past ten years in terms of decisions by the Committee and the courts. 857. Ishii Koichi e 4 -4 -, Dokusen kinshiho no kaishaku to jitsurei. A -2k e e * f 4t (Commentary and examples with respect to the anti-monopoly law), T6ky6, Hitotsubashi Shob6, 1955, 305pp. An article-by-article explanation of the anti-monopoly law illustrated by reference to decisions of the courts and the Fair Trade Commission. The author is a councillor of the Commission. 858. Isobe Kiichi A -5 _4 -, Chush6 kigy6-t6 ky6d6 kumiaih6 o, /: t * A ~, J, /l -; (The small and medium enterprises cooperative act), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1952, 619pp. An article-by-article analysis of this law by an economist specializing in the cooperative movement. 859. Izumoi Masao ~ ~ - D -, Shin dokusen kinshih6 no kaisetsu * b - L- - / e I (Explanation of the new anti-monopoly law), T6ky6, Jiji Tsushinsha, 1953,374pp. An article-by-article commentary on the revised law of September 1, 1953 with an appendix comparing the texts of the old and new law and a chart illustrating the concentration of industrial control. 860. Keizai Kikakucho Sengo Keizaishi Hensanshitsu. -* a ^, — _ )_. (Economic Planning Board, "Postwar Economic History" Editorial Room), Sengo keizaishi t _ 4-T _ (A history of the postwar economy, T6kyo, Okurash6 Insatsukyoku, 1957+, 3v. The most authoritative official account of postwar economic history in Japan and the world in general, written under the supervision of Nakayama Ichiro, a professor at Hitotsubashi University. 861. Kosei Torihiki Iinkai 4/ _L jk 1\1 i ~ 4 (Fair Trade Committee), Kaisei dokusen kinshih6 kaisetsu -C.- - 2 it [ _L t (Comments on the revised anti-monopoly law), T6ky6, Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha, 1954, 528pp. A detailed explanation of the theory, history, and provisions of the revised Anti-Monopoly Act of 1953. 862. Minemura Teruo 3b- t, i ~, Keizaih6o -: - -; (Economic legislation), Toky6, Sanwa Shob6, 1953, 232pp. A general discussion of the nature and types of economic legislation plus detailed accounts of the industrial, finance, and commodity control acts and other similar legislation. 863. Murahashi Tokio t ~ A ~, Ky6d6 kumiaih6ron /,!i, - f A; (The law of cooperatives), Tokyo, Chikura Shobo, 1953, 364pp. A general treatment of Japanese legislation regulating the character, establishment, membership, dissolution, amalgamation, and liquidation of cooperatives, which also includes comparative materials on German, Swiss, and other cooperative systems. See also Entries: 966, 979, 1508. 4. Agricultural Policy, Legislation, and Administration 864. Danno Nobuo If IT 4{, Nogy6 to seiji S t a K:; (Agriculture and politics), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1958, 207pp. An unusual and valuable criticism of governmental policies towards agriculture in Japan, by an editorial writer for the Asahi Press. It treats such subjects as trends in agricultural administration, the government's 1957 "white paper,, on agriculture and forestry, the disintegration of the agrarian reform policy, the need for technological improvements and for planned agriculture, etc. 865. Nihon nogyo nempo 0; -- - ~ (Annual report on Japanese agriculture), Tokyo, Chuo Koronsha, 1954+. Annual. 866. Nihon nogyo nenkan s $ t ~ v (Yearbook of Japanese agriculture), Tokyo, Ienohikari Kyokai, 1949-f? ]. Annual. 867. Norinsho tokeihyo I ^t -,? ~ ~ (Japanese agricultural statistics), T6kyo, Norin Tokei Kyokai, 1926+. Annual. From 1886 to 1925 this series was published annually under the title of Statistical Yearbook of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. The present volumes set forth in serial form the basic statistics for Japanese agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. Introductory sections are in both Japanese and English.
Page 108 108 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 868. Ono Takeo i' t / 1, Meiji zenki tochi seido shiron Ad;A jt j-. p, 1 _ (History of the land system in the early Meiji era), T6ky6, Yrlhikaku, 1948. 869. Watanabe Yozo $t 'o -, Nogyo suiriken ni kansuru kenkyu ~.. T' - f. K t (A study of agricultural water rights), Toky6, Norinsho, 1953, 320pp. A study of the customary law of water rights in agricultural villages and its contemporary application. See also Entries: 962, 963. 5. Educational Policy, Legislation, and Administration 870. Abe Isoo -3 4^ A A (ed.), Teikoku gikai kyoiku giji soran AK f t -- ~ (A conspectus of educational matters before the Imperial Diet), T6ky6, Koseikaku, 1932, 6v. A complete compilation of those sections of the proceedings at plenary sessions of the Imperial Diet which related to educational matters. Volume 1 covers sessions 1-12 (1890-98); volume 2, sessions 13-26 (1898 -1910); volume 3, sessions 27-39 (1910-1917); volume 4, sessions 40-52 (1917-1927); volume 5, sessions 53 -63 (1927-1932); volume 6 contains a chronology of educational developments during these years. Each volume is prefaced by a history of educational developments during the period concerned, and contains an appendix setting forth a biographical directory of contemporary educators. 871. Iwanami koza: kyoiku ~ - -t )_, ~ r (Iwanami essay series on education), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1952, 8v. The five editors of this series-Katsuta Shuichi, Hisano Osamu, Shimizu Ikutar6, Miyahara Seiichi, and Munakata Seiya-are collectively known as the "Nikky6so Koshidan" (Japan Teacher's Union Lecturers' Group). Their interpretation of Japan's educational system and problems is generally regarded as being quite "progressive" and not necessarily representative of majority views within the profession. It is an important view however. Volumes in the present series are devoted to: 1) the world and Japan, 2) problems of Japan, 3) education in Japan, 4) schools in Japan, 5) schools in Japan-curriculum, 6) schools in Japan-curriculum, 7) children in Japan, and 8) teachers in Japan. 872. Karasawa Tomitaro 9 -4 $ A- V, Ky6kasho no rekishi 4f% - ~,,_ (A history of school text-books), Tokyo, Sobunsha, 1956 19+883+48pp. A fascinating study of texts used in the Japanese schools since late Tokugawa times. Emphasis is on texts in the fields of moral education, Japanese and world history, and the national language. A chronology and bibliography are appended. 873. Kindai Nihon Ky6iku Seido Shiryo Hensankai ki~- ~ ~ % *~ _jL-.^* % 4 (Society for the Editing of Historical Data Concerning the Modern Japanese Educational System), Kindai Nihon kyoiku seido shiryo 5it (; _All kl XJ _ e (Historical data concerning the modern Japanese educational system), Toky6, Dai Nihon Yubenkai Kodansha, 1956-. This series takes up where Entry 876 leaves off in 1932. It collects documents and data on the development of the Japanese educational system from the beginning of 1933 to the effectuation of the peace treaty in April 1952. Volumes 1-21 will cover the period to the end of the war, while Volumes 22 et seq. will treat the years to 1952. Some twenty odd volumes had been published by 1957. 874. Kokumin Seishin Bunka Kenkyujo lj k L xu i Amp Lf c } (Research Institute of National Spiritual Culture), Kyoiku chokugo kampatshu kankei shiryo shu e -~ { 4_ ~; M f it- { (Collection of data concerning the promulgation of the Imperial Rescript on Education), Tokyo, Kokumin Seishin Bunka Kenkyujo, 1938, 3v. A collection of materials explanatory of the historical background and intent of the famous Imperial Rescript on Education of 1890, the injunctions of which provided the foundations of Japan's prewar educational system. 875. Kyoiku nenkan $ r -- _v (Yearbook of education), Tokyo, Jiji Tsushinsha, 1948+. An annual survey of developments in the field of education treating: the main events of the year; laws and ordinances relating to education; educational records and materials; the local scene; research essays, and reference books; statistics; and lists of educational organizations and their directors. 876. Kyoikushi Hensankai -L) -. $ 4 (Society for Editing a History of Education), Meiji iko kyoiku seido hattatsushi oe >< j >_8 | A ^ - (History of educational developments since the Meiji era), T6kyo, Ryuginsha, 1934-35, 12v. A massive documentary history of the Japanese educational system from the establishment of the public school system in 1872 to the end of 1932. 877. Mombusho- -p ' (Ministry of Education), Dotoku kyoiku no kadai to shishin A l J- e i ^ a t- (Subjects of and guide to moral education), Osaka, Osaka Ky6iku Tosho, 1957, 516pp. The revival of ethical and moral instruction in the school system has been a very controversial subject in recent Japanese politics. Such courses have recently been introduced, and the present volume consists of a
Page 109 SOCIAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND ECONOMIC POLICY, LEGISLATION, AND ADMINISTRATION 109 selection of sixteen essays by as many authorities setting forth ideas as to how such courses may best be taught and what might be studied in them. 878. Mombusho L 43 ) (Ministry of Education), Gakusei hachijunen shi A i d -'&- k. (Eighty years' history of the school system), Tokyo, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, 1954, 1182+38pp. A very convenient history and compilation of data on the history of the Japanese public educational system from its establishment in 1872 to August 1952. Part 1 describes developments, while Part 2 collects the relevant imperial rescripts, laws, ordinances, SCAP directives, the report of the U.S. educational mission, chronologies and a variety of educational statistics. 879. Mombusho Chosakyoku AL; t A (Ministry of Education, Research Bureau), Mombu jiho,L -,4 4, (Monthly journal of the Ministry of Education), Tokyo, Mombusho, [?]. Monthly. Issues often carry articles of political interest dealing with such problems as courses in morals or the merit rating system. 880. Mombusho Chosa Tokeika - X ~ ] ~ t it. (Ministry of Education, Research and Statistics Section), Kyoiku tokei L j,, e (Educational statistics), Tokyo, Tokyo Kyoiku Kenkyujo, December 1950+. Monthly. 881. Munakata Seiya J. t ^ _, Nihon no kyoiku ts %L ~, (Education in Japan), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1957, 307pp. A good general introduction to the development and problems of education in postwar Japan. Separate essays treat such subjects as the history of postwar educational developments, the school system, content and methods of the educational system, school expenses, etc. 882. Okubo Toshiaki k {\ 4'J; Nihon no daigaku a o e >_ A, (Universities in Japan), Tokyo, Sogensha, 1943, 405pp. An institutional history of Japanese universities from ancient times until the adoption of the University Ordinance (Daigakurei) of 1918. 883. Suehiro Kenkyujo t iA ~ 'L iT (Suehiro Research Institute), Kyoiku to shiso no jiyu no kiki r. _ 1 ri- t b ^ (The crisis in education and freedom of thought), Tokyo, Nihonhy6ron Shinsha, 1954, 120pp. A special issue (No. 287) of Horitsu jiho devoted to a collection of essays critical of the potential effect of two recently introduced government bills in the field of education on freedom of thought. 884. Teikoku daigaku nenkan A_ 4 p - 4 L (Yearbook of imperial universities), Tokyo, Teikoku Daigaku Shimbunsha. A convenient guide to all aspects of university affairs in Japan. Its value for the political scientist is chiefly indirect, although the sections on student associations, faculties, and departments of political science and the course offerings, calendars, history, organization, enrollments, etc. of all imperial universities and all public supported universities are of some interest to the American political scientist. See also Entries: 749. 6. Scientific Policy, Legislation, and Administration 885. Genshi Nenryo Kosha Kikakushitsu. - A, P / s 4 d _ (Atomic Fuel Corporation, Planning Room), Genshi nenryo kosha geppo f. +, - i i. - (Monthly bulletin of the Atomic Fuel Corporation), Tokyo, Genshi Nenry6 K6sha, December 1950+. Monthly. 886. Kagaku Gijutsucho e P t_ T ~ (Science and Technology Agency), Kagaku gijutsucho geppo f 4 i- *T -* e (Monthly bulletin of the Science and Technology Agency), Toky6, Kagaku Gijutsucho, Sept. 1956+. Monthly. 887. Kagaku Gijutsucho Genshiryokukyoku A t~4 ' t 4 / g (Science and Technology Agency, Atomic Energy Bureau), Genshiryoku iinkai geppo. 4 ti 4 if 4 -k (Monthly bulletin of the Atomic Energy Commission), Tokyo, Kagaku Gijutsucho, May 1956+. Monthly. 888. Nihon Gakujutsu Kaigi a 4' f *, ~ (Japan Science Council), Nihon gakujutsu kaigi geppo # 6 4 4T ~ * f -' (Monthly bulletin of the Japan Science Council), T6ky6, Nihon Gakujutsu Kaigi, January 1950+. Monthly. A mimeographed monthly report on the activities of the Japan Science Council.
International Law and Organization
pp. 110-112
Page 110 CHAPTER XI INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ORGANIZATION These were established but not particularly popular academic fields in prewar Japan. Since 1945, for reasons probably connected with Japan's greatly altered international position and policies, general interest in both has increased markedly. A sampling of the resultant literature is set forth below. These works tend to be closely associated with the general writings on international relations treated in Chapter XXV, to which the interested student is also referred. 1. General Texts 889. Kokusaiho gaiko zasshi ~. -;A ~ _ ~ - (Journal of international law and diplomacy), T6kyo, Yuhikaku, Feb. 1902+. Monthly. The organ of the Japanese International Law Association published at Tokyo University and the most authoritative of the Japanese journals in this field. In addition to articles, each issue contains a section on source materials and documents and book reviews. The first number of each volume features an extended review of writings in the field. 890. Tabata Shigejiro 1 f P =-, Kokusaiho i fi -H (International Law), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1956, 9+411+5pp. A good general text in the field with a useful reference bibliography appended. The author is one of Japan's most eminent specialists in this field. 891. Tabata Shigejiro ~ A, -^, Kokusaiho Ichi 1i ~ 5- I, (International law, part I), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 341pp. This is Part I of a massive three volume series on international law sponsored by the Yuhikaku Publishing Co. Part II is by Yokota Kisaburo (q.v.), while Part III by Taoka Ryoichi has not yet appeared. The present volume treats the basic nature and the subjects of international law. 892. Takano Yuichi 47 ' 4 -, Kokusaiho gairon lg -; A b, (An introduction to international law), Tokyo, Kobundo, 1957, 373pp. This is the first of a projected two volume series on the entire field of international law. It deals with such matters as international treaties and agreements, the theory of international responsibility and accountability, the peaceful settlement of disputes, coercive settlement of disputes, etc. Volume 2 will treat the nature of international law, its relationship to domestic law, international organizations and international law, individuals and international law, etc. The author is a professor at Tokyo University. 893. Taoka Ryoichi t K ~ -, Kaitei kokusaih6 _ ~]- [ t -i (International law, revised), Tokyo, Keiso Shob6, 1958, 9+290+10pp. A standard work on international law by a Kyoto University professor who is one of Japan's foremost authorities in this field. Recent as well as historical problems are dealt with. 894. Taoka Ryochi Q l ~ -, Kokusai hogaku taiko |; p2 - t q (Outline of international law), Tokyo, Ganshodo, 1939-43, 2v. A voluminous standard work on international law by a professor of Kyoto University. Volume, 1 deals with such problems as the state and national unions, the territorial limitations of governments, individuals and national organs, and treaties and illegal acts. Vol. 2 deals with procedural problems and is divided into sections on peaceful settlement of international disputes and on compulsory settlement of international disputes, including war. 895. Yokota Kisaburo * El -, Kokusaiho Ni g. -; 2 (International law, part 2), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1958, 328pp. The second part of a series inaugurated by Professor Tabata Shigejiro's similarly titled work, (q.v.). This volume treats the territory of states; the open sea; people, ships and aircraft; the organs of international negotiation; and treaties. The author is an eminent specialist at Tokyo University. See also Entries: 185, 1669. 2. Monographs 896. Irie Keishiro X- _- d- w ', Nippon kowa joyaku no kenkyu a $ (Study of the Japanese Peace Treaty), Tokyo, Itagaki Shoten, 1951, 439+13pp. 110
Page 111 INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ORGANIZATION 1ll A comprehensive study of the Treaty of San Francisco from both the theoretical and article-by-article standpoints. The text of a number of the more important documents is appended. 897. Ishimoto Yasuo a $. f, Churitsuseido no shiteki kenkyu q JL- I [ ~ - * _3 (A historical study of neutrality), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1958, 232pp. 898. Kokusaiho Gakkai M I. -~ I ' (International Law Association), Heiwa joyaku no s6goteki kenkyu + b4y,,) I 4 i; A _ (An integrated study of the Peace Treaty), T6ky6, Yuhikaku, 1952, 2v. A comprehensive study of all aspects of the Treaty of San Francisco (1951) by a large group of specialists. It affords very valuable insight into professional Japanese opinion on this important subject. A bibliography and documentary appendix have been added. 899. Kokusaiho Gakkai I}1 M. -ti ' * (International Law Association), Okinawa no chii it.. - k - (The position of Okinawa), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1955, 343pp. An authoritative statement of the Japanese legal case where Okinawa is concerned arising from discussions at a meeting of Japan's International Law Association. The work discusses such issues as historical title to the Ryukyus, the islands' legal position at present, the Okinawan problem viewed from the standpoint of private international law, and economic aspects of the issue. A chronology, a map of the islands, a chart of Ryukyuan governmental organization, and a selection of relevant documents are appended. 900. Mainichi Shimbunsha -*- -k Aft A- (Mainichi Press), Tainichi heiwa joyaku * E f A l f (The Japanese peace treaty), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1952, 7+616+52pp. A detailed explanation of the terms and implications of the Treaty of San Francisco of September 1951, together with the relevant documentation. 901. Oda Shigeru /l- t -, Kaiyo no kokusaiho kozo -d (i e if If -^:t i- (The framework of international maritime law), T6kyo, Yushind6, 1956, 266pp. A series of five essays by a young assistant professor of international law at Tohoku University. He treats the freedom of the seas, the nature of territorial seas, the regulation of fishing on the high seas, the utilization of undersea resources, and problems created in maritime law by the H-bomb, all subjects of great current interest in Japan. 902. Tabata Shigejiro t i - VD, Jinken to kokusaiho /A 4 1 ~ It - (Human rights and international law), Toky6, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1952, 135pp. Professor Tabata of Kyoto University here describes the position of individuals in public international law, the prewar experience in this field and recent developments within the United Nations. 903. Tabata Shigejiro - i~ _- p, Kokka byod6 kannen no tenkan 1) jtfR- - e # &k (Changes in the concept of "equality of states"), Osaka, Akitaya, 1946, 334pp. A theoretical analysis of the development and implications of the doctrine of the equality of states in international law by a well-known professor at Kyoto University. 904. Takano Yuichi A ' A4 -, Kokusai anzen hosho t -.}t t d (International security), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1953, 98pp. A systematic examination of the security problem by a professor of international law at Tokyo University. The work treats the general theory of security, individual and collective security, the right of self-defense, and general and regional security systems. 905. Yokota Kisaburo o -A -, Senso hanzairon. f! $ ~ (War Crimes), Toky6, Yuhikaku, 1947, 307pp. A postwar study of a subject of the most urgent importance in Japan at that time. The author treats the legal history of war crimes and opinions thereon, the legal theory involved in distinguishing crimes against peace from ordinary war crimes and crimes against humanity, the background of the German and Japanese war crimes trials after World War II, and the need for a general court of international justice. 3. International Organization 906. Haga Shiro -*; V w 1, Kokusai rengo kensho no kaisetsu l0J i t f (Interpretation of the charter of the United Nations), T6ky6, Yuhikaku, 1949, 21+470+93pp. A very detailed and systematic exposition of the subject by an outstanding authority on public international law. The author deals with events leading up to the establishment of the United Nations, gives a lengthy article-by-article analysis of the Charter, discusses the statute of the International Court of Justice and, in an appendix, sets forth the text of some of the relevant documentation. 907. Kokusaiho Gakkai ^1?-.:- t (International Law Association), Kokusairengo no junen ~ e) - ' -^ (Ten years of the United Nations), Tokyo, Ydhikaku, 1957, 420+20pp. A series of 13 articles by Japanese authorities written on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the establishment of the United Nations Charter. The essays treat such matters as: the history of the UN and
Page 112 112 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE its ancillary agencies and activities; major problems faced by the UN, such as admission of members, the veto, regional security, the UN and Japan, etc. The appendices contain a bibliography, a summary of developments leading up to Japan's admission to membership, the text of the Charter and of several suggested amendments thereof, and a list of UN members as of December 1956. 908. Tabata Shigejiro r = - P, Sekaiseifu no shiso h_ k g t a ) ff (Reflections on world government), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1950, 253pp. The author treats the various movements for the establishment of a world government; the bases and need therefor, especially in terms of the implications of the atomic bomb; the structure of such a government and means of realizing it; and, finally, the question of whether or not the establishment of such a government would lead to world peace. A preliminary draft of a world constitution is attached. 909. Yokota Kisaburo - -/ 4 - i, Kokusairengo g ( L & (The United Nations), Tokyo, Y-hikaku, 1950, 338pp. A general treatment of the subject by a retired professor of public international law at Tokyo University. 910. Yokota Kisaburo and Odaka Tomoo i -f a,! { i, Kokusairengo to Nihon ] L A 8 ~- (The United Nations and Japan), T6kyo, Yuhikaku, 1956, 4+439+7pp. A definitive study of Japanese attitudes towards and relations with the United Nations prior to her admission as a member. The authors, both distinguished professors emeriti of Tokyo University, discuss the postwar evolution of Japan's official attitude towards the UN and advance various suggestions for the improvement of its organization and functioning.
The Imperial System and the Imperial House
pp. 113-115
Page 113 CHAPTER XI THE IMPERIAL SYSTEM AND THE IMPERIAL HOUSE Prewar writing in this field tended to be either historical or inspirational in nature. Since the war and the new constitution, however, the position of the emperor in Japanese society, law, politics, and ideology has undergone important changes. These have stimulated a good deal of writing, much of its controversial or partisan in nature, focussed upon the wisdom and probable consequences of such changes. A selection of this is listed below. Students will find the Koshitsu jiten (Entry 912) a particularly useful reference for the historical aspects of this subject. 911. Higo Kazuo Mb t -t, Tennoshi L t t (History of the emperors), Tokyo, Fuzambo, 1950,349pp. An account of the emperor's position at various stages of Japanese history from ancient to post-World War II times. 912. Ihara Yoriaki -fr ). ~, Koshitsu jiten ~ $ -* (Dictionary of the imperial house), Tokyo, Fuzambo, 1938, 64+372+37pp. Really a series of brief essays on various aspects of the imperial system rather than a dictionary. Contains a great variety of useful information classified under such heads as: imperial position, the empress, imperial family, succession, memorials and petitions, ceremonies, military powers, festivals, decorations, etc. 913. Inoue Kiyoshi -~- -q^, Tennosei j t $ (The imperial system), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1953, 254pp. A collection of essays on the imperial system by an eminent historian. About half the volume is given over to the leading essay on "The history of the imperial system". The viewpoint is Marxist. 914. Ishii Ryosuke ~ 4- [ e, Tenno-tenn6 tochi no shiteki kaimei {L $ — |, -S - _ id L ~ (The Emperor: an historical analysis of imperial rule), T6kyo, K6bund6, 1950, 250pp. A general history of "imperial rule" in Japan from ancient to present times intended to document the author's thesis that personal rule by the Emperor has been a very exceptional phenomenon in Japan. Professor Ishii is a legal historian on the staff of Tokyo University. 915. Ito Giichi W k A -, Kyu kokkakan to sono tennosei kenkyu 1o ~ L ~ " t Id1 o" ~u (The old political ideology and studies of the imperial system), T6ky6, Kawade Shob6, 1955, 264pp. A study of how Confucian and Buddhist philosophy influenced the formation of Japanese views of the state and the imperial system. It includes rather detailed comparisons of old Chinese and Japanese concepts in this area. 916. Kamiyama Shigeo t 4 L A, Tennosei ni kansuru rironteki shomondai A [ \ % I 3 t I fI (Theoretical problems of the imperial system), Tokyo, Ashi Kai, 1953, 306pp. A polemical work by a leading Marxist who regards the prewar imperial system as an absolute monarchy. 917. Kunaisho Bunshoka g ~ 5 %? J (Ministry of the Imperial Household, Documents Section), Kunaisho shoho % 6 M' -J W (Imperial Household bulletin), Tokyo, Kunaisho, October 1910+. Monthly. A monthly register of imperial ordinances, rescripts, ordinances issued by the Ministry of the Imperial Household, appointments to and retirements from the Ministry and staff of the imperial court, diplomatic notices and ceremonial announcements. 918. Kuroita Katsumi.. -4 t, ed., Koshitsushi no kenkyu A r ~_ C f ' (Studies in the history of the imperial household), Tokyo, Higashifushimi no Miyake, 1932, 258pp. A symposium on the relationship of the Imperial Household to Japanese culture with contributions by Kuroita Katsumi, Hiraizumi Kiyoshi, Tsuji Zennosuke and others. Essays are devoted to the imperial household's connections with Shinto, social welfare, literature, the national morality, etc. 919. Kurihara Ken. /. 4, Tenno: showashi oboegaki _ 1 — ~ $ _ r $ (The Emperor: a note on Showa history), Tokyo, Yushindo, 1955. 920. Nezu Masashi a n." d t l, Tennoke no rekishi. | ~ ~ ],_ (History of the imperial house), Tokyo, Shinhyoronsha, 1953, 3v. A lengthy narrative account of the history of the imperial house from ancient times to the Meiji period by a left-wing critic. Volume 1 treats ancient times and the Nara period; Volume 2, the Heian to Ashikaga periods; and Volume 3, the Tokugawa and Restoration times. 113
Page 114 114 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 921. Nihon Kindaishi Kenkyukai 0 At 4k A l ~ (Institute for Research in Modern Japanese History), Tennosei ni kansuru shomondai { i j,~ 3t (Problems of the imperial system), Tokyo, Kawade Shob6, 1954, 250pp. A series of seven essays, most of which are Marxist-oriented, on various aspects of the imperial system: Hattori Shiso-the social foundations of absolutism; Inoue Kiyoshi-the development of imperial absolutism; Miyamoto Kenji-criticisms of the imperial system; Moriya Fumio-political struggles over the imperial system and the postwar imperial system; Watanabe Yoshimichi-the ruling organs of Japan and power relations; and Minami Hiroshi-psychological foundations of the imperial system. 922. Ninagawa Arata A 'I -1, Tenno t. (The emperor), Tokyo, Kobunsha, 1952, 219pp. A controversial and very interesting attempt to assess the political position of the emperor under the new constitution. The author, who is not a Marxist, is strongly opposed to any restoration of the emperor's prewar status. 923. Odaka Tomoo it ~ ~ ~, Kokumin shuken to tennosei PA gv e % ~ $ ~ \ (Popular sovereignty and the imperial system), Tokyo, Kokuritsu Shoin, 1947, 206pp. The author, a late professor of legal philosophy at Tokyo University, adopts a view of the position of the emperor lying between the traditional and the version of popular sovereignty stated by the new constitution. 924. Sakamaki Yoshio -: C % 4, Koshitsu seido kowa % A ~J O - (Lectures on the imperial system), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1934, 369pp. A very interesting description of many aspects of the imperial system by a former secretary of the Ministry of the Imperial Household. It discusses the relationship of the imperial household to the people and the nation, the relationship of the Imperial Household Law to the constitution and other legislation, the status of the emperor, the religious celebrations of the court, the system of imperial lineage and the imperial family, the imperial tombs, the imperial revenues, the economic arrangements prevailing within the imperial family, and the special judicial system of the imperial house. Appendices treat kokutai, i.e. the national polity, the significance of the coronation ceremony, etc. 925. Sasaki Soichi - f;. -, Tenno no kokkateki shochosei j | o( f J 4 t *t- (The emperor as a national symbol), Tokyo, Kobunsha, 1949, 173pp. The work is in the form of an exchange between Professor Sasaki, a former dean of Kyoto University's Law School, and Watsuji Tetsuro, professor of ethics at Tokyo University. Professor Sasaki seeks to demonstrate that a radical change in the position of the emperor has occurred in postwar Japan. For Professor Watsuji's views, see Entry 935. 926. Shin Nihon Rekishi Gakkai *r /; t t (New Japan Historical Association), Tenno no rekishi f n ~ t_ (History of the emperors), Tokyo, Fukumura Shoten, 1955, 316pp. An interesting historical treatment of a number of rather neglected aspects of the imperial system, e.g. the actualities of personal rule, the information available about the reign of empresses, abdications of power, etc. 927. Takamiya Tahei ~ t K -, Tenno heika K 1 \It X, (His Majesty the Emperor), Tokyo, Kantosha, 1951, 454pp. An admiring biography of the present emperor, divided into sections on his personal character and life and on his political and military role. 928. Tanaka Sogoro _,. s ~, Tenno no kenkyu f., e ~ _ (Studies of the emperors), Tokyo, Kawade Shobo, 1951, 318pp. A study of Japan's post-Restoration (1868+ ) emperors with special reference to their personal character and education, the economic situation of the imperial house, and changes in popular attitude towards the imperial system. 929. Teikoku Gakushiin k o -J _C~ (Imperial Academy), Teishitsu seidoshi t (History of the imperial system), Tokyo, Herarudosha, 1938-40, 4v. A strictly historical treatment of the development, status, and powers of the emperor, but of considerable contemporary interest as background material. 930. "Tennosei tokushu K t *S. f (Symposium on the imperial system)", Shiso - ~f no. 336, (June 1952). A special number of the journal Shiso devoted to a symposium on the imperial system and its actual political and socio-psychological functions and effects. 931. Toda Shintaro i' 4 A- t, Tennosei no keizaiteki kiso bunseki K ~ 0'] X. -if ) q ~ [ ~ (Analysis of the economic foundations of the imperial system), Kyoto, San Ichi Shobo, 1947, 229pp. A Marxist analysis of a variety of subjects ranging from the imperial properties to the feudal character of Japanese enterprises.
Page 115 INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ORGANIZATION 115 932. Tsuda Sokichi -4 C t, Nihon no koshitsu g; | S (The imperial household of Japan), Tokyo, Waseda Daigaku Shuppambu, 1952, 165pp. The author, a noted philosopher and historian, argues that the Japanese people regard the emperor and imperial system in moral, not political, terms. 933. Watanabe Ikujiro - - J- -;, Meiji Tenno t;i _ L (The Emperor Meiji), Toky6, Meijitenno Shotokukai, 1958, 2v. A major work by one of the best known students of the imperial house and system. 934. Watanabe Ikujiro - '1 A 4 e, Meiji tenno to Meiji no kensetsu ' - O 4 _ _ (Emperor Meiji and the reconstruction of Japan during the Meiji era), T6ky6, Chikura Shobb, 1937, 311pp. 935. Watsuji Tetsuro At 'L_ I r, Kokumin togo no shocho 6 /. & e 7 (Symbol of the unity of the people), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1948, 188pp. A collection of five essays deriving from the author's debate with Professor Sasaki on the position of the emperor in postwar Japan. For Professor Sasaki's variant views, see Entry 925.
The Cabinet
pp. 116
Page 116 CHAPTER XIII THE CABINET Works specifically on the cabinet are rare in Japan, but major sections of most books on constitutional law, general political science, or the bureaucracy are usually devoted to a consideration of the structure, functions, staffing, or operations of the cabinet and its related agencies. Entry 940, Naikaku seido nanajunenshi, is recommended for a detailed history of the cabinet system in modern Japan. 936. Asai Kiyoshi - ~ *, Shin kempo to naikaku -A ~ t 4 (The new constitution and the cabinet), Tokyo, Kokuritsu Shoin, 1947, 187pp. A clear and simple presentation comparing the new cabinet system with that under the Meiji Constitution, and emphasizing the practical rather than the legal aspects of the operation of the present cabinet system. 937. Hirota Naoe P L ^4, Naikaku kotetsu gojunenshi - J __ X- + V- 9L (Fifty years of cabinet changes), Tokyo, Shun'yodo, 1930. 938. Naikaku - ~ (Cabinet), Sangiin ni oite saitaku serareta seigan no shori keika z ~ - A t ~ F* P- X e ~ ~ ^~. ' (Report on the disposition of petitions adopted by the House of Councillors), Tokyo, Naikaku, 1948+. Irregular. A brief report of action taken by the cabinet in response to petitions received from the upper house. 939. Naikaku,? X (Cabinet), Shugiin ni oite saitaku serareta seigan no shori keika [ A 't-,, t ~ Z e -t e 0t e i -A - A-; (Report on the disposition of petitions adopted by the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Naikaku, 1948+. Irregular. A summary statement of information re cabinet action on petitions adopted by the House of Representatives. 940. Naikaku Kamb6 vt-. 4. (Cabinet Secretariat), Naikaku seido nanajunenshi L t *\!_ -- + 3 -L (Seventy years of the cabinet system), Tokyo, Printing office of Ministry of Finance, 1955 2v. Volume 1 of this very valuable work gives a general and official history of the cabinet system since its inauguration in 1885. Special sections are devoted to legal and structural changes in the system, a selection of important data kept by the cabinet, a statistical analysis of the seventy year record, a chronology and an assortment of graphs and maps. The supplementary volume outlines historically the organization of the cabinet, the premier's office and the various ministries and attached agencies. 941. Nihon no sori daijin s ~- J e ^f- - A- (The prime ministers of Japan), a special issue of Chisei l /[, Tokyo, Kawade Shob6, February 1957, 242pp. The major portion of this special issue is devoted to brief biographical sketches of thirty-five Japanese prime ministers from It6 to Hatoyama. Although meant for popular consumption, it is a source of useful information on some of the more informal aspects of Japanese politics. 942. Suzuki Yasuzo 4 i -- A, Daj6kansei to naikakusei.0 ~ ^3 ~ ', (The dajokan system and the cabinet system), T6ky6, Sh6wa Kank6kai, 1944, 241pp. A study of the transition from the old executive system (the dajokan) to the new cabinet system during the early Meiji period. The privy council and the genr6 are also considered in this context. 943. Yamazaki Tansho m 4 e- ^, Naikakuron. M ~ (On the cabinet), T6kyo, Gakuyo Shob6, 1953, 439+53pp. This is a revised edition of a 1942 work by the same author entitled Naikaku seido no kenkyu (Studies on the cabinet system). It gives a systematic explanation of the establishment and development of the cabinet system since 1885, discusses its weak points under the Meiji constitution and explains its position under the new constitution. The general viewpoint is that of the legal historian. A chronological list of Japanese cabinets is appended. See also Entries: 254, 603, 1031, 1362, 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1406, 1671. 116
Major National Administrative and Advisory Agengies
pp. 117-120
Page 117 CHAPTER XIV MAJOR NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND ADVISORY AGENCIES Detailed case studies of major administrative or advisory agencies are rather rare in Japan although there seems to be increasing interest in this sort of work. Within the past few years two very useful series of studies on such agencies have been published. The first is an official publication of the Prime Minister's Office entitled Kancho benran (Entry 972). The second is known as the Oyakusho shiriizu sponsored by the Hobunsha publishing house. Some ten volumes had appeared in this series by 1959. They are entered separately in the lists which follow. Both of these series provide convenient sources of factual information about the major organs of the Japanese national government. For less detailed information about the structure and relationships of governmental agencies the student is referred to Entries 946, 961, or 968. These provide organization charts and a brief indication of related functions. It should also be noted that most of the major ministries regularly publish yearbooks of a general and statistical nature which describe their operation in some detail. 944. Doba Hajime f i ~, Sonoda Gomin I to f'1 1j and Tamura Yuzo i J, if eds., Boeicho ( (Defense Agency), Tokyo, Hobunsha, 1956, 267pp. A good popular account of the Self-Defense Agency by a group of able journalists. This is a volume in the Oyakusho shiriizu. 945. Fukai Eigo -;. - * -s-, Sumitsuin juyo giji oboegaki Ii. t ( - f i * $ (Notes on important proceedings in the Privy Council), Toky6, Iwanami, 1953, 511pp. A work affording rare insight into the inner workings of the Privy Council. The author was an appointed member of the Council from 1938 until his death in 1945; he was generally regarded as a spokesman thereon for Japanese big business. This is a collection of his notes taken during this period. 946. Gyosei Kanricho, Gyosei Kanrikyoku, ed., At f /-, Ot r I a, Gyosei Kiko Zu Xf X I E (Charts and tables on administrative organization), T6kyo, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, 1958, 149pp. 947. Hironaka Toshio )t ' It I, Nippon no keisatsu 0 e- t ~. (The police of Japan), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai (Tokyo University Press), 1955, 246pp. An excellent introduction to the history, organization, and legal status of the police in contemporary Japan by a member of the faculty of law at Tohoku University. 948. Homusho - ' * * (Ministry of Justice), Homu nenkan -; f f - l (Yearbook of the Ministry of Justice), T6kyo, Homush6, [?]. Annual. The official yearbook of the Ministry of Justice. 949. Kambe Masao s- A _, Keishich6o r A J (The police agency), Kyoto, San Ichi Shobo, 1956, 254pp. A brief critical analysis of the national police agency. 950. Kawamura Kinji -;:.t _ ed., Gaimusho I[ 4- ' (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), Tokyo, Hobunsha, 1956, 231pp. A volume in the Oyakusho shiriizu. 951. Keisatsu kenkyu A.. r (Studies of police), Tokyo, Ryosho Fukyukai, 1930-. Monthly. Interested primarily in the local aspects of police administration. A regular section is devoted to the explanation of new laws and ordinances. 952. Keisatsu nenkan - O A. (Police yearbook), Tokyo, Keigansha. An accurate and comprehensive annual survey of police administration. Includes major sections on the secret police (Koto keisatsu), police affairs, preservation of peace, criminal affairs, communications, sanitation, and fire-fighting. The explanatory material and statistics are based on the official reports of the Police Bureau of the Home Ministry, the Metropolitan Police Board, and the prefectural police offices. Given the political and social importance of the police in prewar Japan, this is a valuable source of political information. 953. Keisatsucho ~ i. t (Police Agency), Keisatsu gekkan. P. M. (Monthly police review), Tokyo, Keisatsu Gekkansho, January, 1954+. Monthly. A monthly publication treating current topics of police interest for police and popular consumption. 954. Keishicho * *C y (Metropolitan Police Bureau), Keishich6 tokeisho fj A V,L } ~ (Statistical report of the Metropolitan Police Bureau), Tokyo, Keishicho, 1893+. Annual. 117
Page 118 118 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE A comprehensive annual report by the bureau in charge of police operations in the Tokyo metropolitan area. It covers all police and fire-fighting functions under their jurisdiction and devotes major sections to such matters as organization, personnel, preservation of peace (including enforcement of the similarly named law), public morals, criminal statistics, offenses by the police, and summary judgments. 955. Keishicho Hoambu {# -1 0 (Metropolitan Police Bureau, Peace Preservation Section), Hoambu jimu seiseki gaiyo If. 4 A - '. { r (Survey of the work and achievements of the Peace Preservation Section), Toky6, Keishicho,? +. Annual. A detailed annual report of that section of the Metropolitan Police Bureau that was responsible for the specificially political aspects of police work and particularly for the enforcement of the Police Law for the Preservation of the Peace (Chian keisatsuho). 956. Keishicho jimu nenkan. At - A # f SL (Metropolitan Police Bureau Yearbook), Tokyo, Keishicho. A detailed annual survey of the affairs of the Metropolitan Police Bureau of Tokyo, the special metropolitan police whose political functions were of great importance. 957. Kin'yu Kenkyu Kisha Kurabu 7 ~J `ff ig (Financial Reporters Club), Nihon ginko 4y t (The Bank of Japan), Tokyo, Hobunsha, 1956, 262pp. Another volume in the Oyakusho shiriizu which treats the structure and actual operations of Japan's central bank. 958. Kondo Takanosuke L _ J_ _-', Keisatsukan ~ 9 % (Policeman), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1957, 195pp. A general account of the present Japanese police system by a Mainichi reporter specializing in this field. 959. Naimusho Keihokyoku it - 'V A 4i / (Ministry of the Interior, Police Office), Chofuken keisatsu enkakushi j.. A' ',. ~. a ~ ~_ (History of the development of the prefectural police), T6kyo, Naimush6 Keihokyoku, 1927, 4v. A complete history of the Japanese police system. It devotes two volumes to the Metropolitan Police Bureau (Keishicho), and the other two to the development of the police force in every prefecture of Japan. 960. Naimusho Keihokyoku P- # 4~ 57 (Ministry of the Interior, Police Office), Keisatsu tokei hokoku 4 *, \ - -* (Statistical report on the police), T6kyo, Naimusho Keihokyoku, 1925+. Annual. An annual statistical report on all police and fire-fighting activities for the whole of Japan. Covers organization, personnel, preservation of peace, public morals, crimes, etc. 961. Nihon Shuhosha E * -ijL -f, Zen kankocho benran /7 / ' _ t (Handbook of national and local governmental offices), Tokyo, Nihon Shuhosha, 1950+. Annual. A convenient annual guide to the complexities of governmental structure at the national and local levels. Entries describe briefly the functions of each department, bureau, and section listed. 962. Norinsho % A i (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry), Norinsho nempo J -g -- (Annual report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry), Tokyo, Nihon Noson Kyokai, 1930+. Annual. An official record of policies and action in the fields of agriculture, forestry, and fishery, classified by departments of the Ministry. 963. Norinsho 4 t 'J (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry), Norin suisan nenkan [ it; /t A - (Yearbook of agriculture and fisheries), Tokyo, Nihon Noson Ch6sakai,? +. Annual. The official yearbook of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 964. Norinsho Kisha Kurabu i[ 7 i (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Reporters Club), Norinsho j,, (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry), Tokyo, Hobunsha, 1956, 227pp. + supplements (not paginated). A volume in the Oyakusho shiriizu. 965. Okura Daijin Kambo Bunshoka A - - 1 % -t X -. (Ministry of Finance, Secretariat, Documents Section), Okurasho nenkan;L L; - ~ (Ministry of Finance yearbook), Tokyo, Naikaku Insatsukyoku, 1875+. Annual. The most detailed and authoritative source of information on all aspects of public finance. It compiles all data on the income and expenditures of all governmental agencies and public bodies and thus covers, in addition to the national budget proper, treasury funds, special funds and capital, deposits and the deposit office, loans, disaster relief funds, coinage, taxes, tax refunds, subsidies, monopolies, national debt, debts of local governments, national properties, domestic trade, balance of trade, banks and trusts, circulation of the currency, etc. An indispensable source for the student of public finance. 966. Okurasho Daijin Kambo )Q A X6 -- ~' t (Ministry of Finance, Minister's Secretariat), Okura nenkan t; fk -* ~- (Yearbook of the Ministry of Finance), Tokyo, Okurasho, 1950+. Annual.
Page 119 MAJOR NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND ADVISORY AGENCIES 119 The official yearbook of the Ministry of Finance and a basic source for official information and viewpoints in this field. 967. Okurasho Kishadan kc A; * $ 1 (Finance Ministry Reporters Club), Okurasho A - I (The Ministry of Finance), Tokyo, Hobunsha, 1956, 262pp. A volume in the Oyakusho shiriizu. 968. Sangiin Seiganka - t * t (House of Councillors, Petitions Section), Saishin kanchokiko narabini shokuin yoran -L - ) ^ LJt (Latest guide to governmental offices and officials), Tokyo, Kotsu Keizaisha, 1950, 6+3+4 61lpp. This volume succeeds the Latest guide to governmental offices (Saishin kanch'dkiko yoran) published by Bansei Shobo in 1949. It was apparently discontinued after 1950. It catalogues the various offices of the national government in terms of the legislation or sub-legislation which authorizes their establishment and prescribes their functions. The text of the relevant laws, etc. is cited. 969. Sato Isao X z Ad ed., Keisatsu *-. (The police), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1958, 228pp. A popular account of the Japanese police system by four specialists including the editor. It includes the following sections: introduction, human rights, mass movements, the institution in general, police society, and position of the police in the political system. 970. Shiho Kishadan s,;>CJ (|f (Judicial Reporters Club), Homusho A -- J (The Ministry of Legal Affairs), Toky6, Hobunsha, 1956, 284pp. A further volume in the Oyakusho shiriizu. 971. Sorifu, g, (Prime Minister's Office), Junkan k6ho q 4'J <- - (Thrice-monthly bulletin), Tokyo, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, June, 1957+. 3 times a month. A publication carrying current news of various ministries and agencies. Issues average about 25 pages apiece. 972. Sorifu %_; A (Prime Minister's Office), Kancho benran Ar_ f- (Manual of government offices), Tokyo, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, 1959+, 20v. This official series of descriptive accounts of the Prime Minister's Office, the ministries, the National Personnel Authority, the Board of Audit, the judiciary, and the public corporations will eventually run to twenty volume volumes published so far average about 200 pages each and treat the history, functions, organization, personnel, finances, and activities of the agencies concerned. Each also has a useful appendix. As of September, 1959, three volumes have been published: the Prime Minister's Office, Part I (The Cabinister's Officeand the Ministry of Transportation, and the Ministry of Labor. The remaining seventeen projected volumes cover: the Prime Minister's Office, Part II (the Imperial Household Agency, the Police Agency, and the National Fire Defense Headquarters); the Prime Minister's Office, Part III (the Defense Agency and the Procurement Agency); the Prime Minister's Office, Part IV (the Administrative Management Agency, the Hokkaido Development Agency, and the Autonomy Agency); the Prime Minister's Office, Part V (the Economic Planning Agency and the Science and Technology Agency); the Ministry of Justice; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the Ministry of Finance; the Ministry of Education; the Ministry of Health and Welfare; the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; the Ministry of International Trade and Industry; the Ministry of Postal Services; the Ministry of Construction; the Japan Monopoly Corporation; the Japanese National Railways; the Japan Telegraph and Telephone Corporation; the National Personnel Authority; the Board of Audit; and the Supreme Court. 973. Takaku Keiichi -, Shiho keisatsu tokushugo hyakka jiten *I;- Ad 4 i l (Encyclopedia of technical terms relating to the police and the administration of justice), Tokyo, Shiho Keimu Gakkai, 1931. 974. Tanaka Toku, Keitoku Shoi, and Funajiri Seido g t l a-, t e se i, Kunalchro p o l (The Imperial Household Agency), Tokyo, Hobunsha, 1957, 310pp. A volume in the Oyakusho shiriizu describing the structure and operation of the Imperial Household Agency since the war. 975. Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai 7 1 X ^ t 4 1 (Imperial Local Government Association), Keisatsu hoki ruiten c.4 q & A (Classified collection of laws and regulations relating to the police), Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai. A collection of all laws, regulations, ordinances, notices, etc. which somehow relate to the police or their duties. It devotes major sections to the following matters: general rules, preservation of peace, public morals, sanitation, communications, industry, manufacturing, administration of justice, finance, and supplementary rules. Frequent supplements keep the compilation up to date. 976. Torigoe Jukuji k,* J:L and Matsuo Hidetoshi '.t t, Saishin keisatsu jiten $ # - t * (Modern police dictionary), Tokyo, Shokado, 1931. This work contains useful descriptive accounts of the police laws, the special secret police (Tokko), the se
Page 120 120 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE cret service police (koto), and police work in respect to the preservation of peace, crime, sanitation, fire prevention, etc. It also defines the technical terminology used in police work and related legal fields. 977. Tozuka Ichiro g O - ~ and Kiya Toshikazu A /C LL eds., Mombusho L - ')J (The Ministry of Education), Tokyo, Hobunsha, 1956, 279pp. Another volume in the Oyakusho shiriizu. 978. Tsusansho Kisha Kurabu ~ i 6 2 v 9 " (Ministry of International Trade and Industry Reporters Club), Tsusansho _ - J (The Ministry of International Trade and Industry), Tokyo, Hobunsha, 1956, 342pp. A volume in the Oyakusho shiriizu. 979. Tsusho Sangyosho it j;~ (Ministry of International Trade and Industry), Tsusho Sangyosho nempo k~, ~ H. ' 4' J} ~ (Annual report of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry), Toky6, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, 1949+. Annual. The official report of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. 980. Usui Shin'ichi E3 - -, Kaikei Kensain, 4- ~ ~ V (The Board of Audit), Tokyo, Hobunsha, 1957, 267pp. A concise and competent account of the organization and activities of the Board by an experienced journalist. See also Entries: 243, 584, 1367, 1368.
The National Diet
pp. 121-131
Page 121 CHAPTER XV THE NATIONAL DIET Materials in this chapter have been classified as follows: 1) general, 2) compiled records of the National Diet, 3) publications of or about the House of Representatives, and 4) publications of or about the House of Peers or House of Councillors. 1. General For a general history of the Japanese National Diet or parliament from its establishment in 1890 to 1953, the student is referred to Nihon kokkai nanajfinenshi (Entry 986). Of similar value with respect to the organization and procedures of the present Diet is Kuroda and Hayashida's Kokkaih6, senkyoho (Entry 985). 981. Asai Kiyoshi -; -;, Kokkai gaisetsu! 4 #L XL (Outline of the national diet), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1948, 290pp. Written by the head of the National Bureau of Personnel, this study treats the development of the Japanese legislative system under the Meiji constitution and the new structure and functions of the Diet under the postwar constitution. 982. Irie Toshio K - - 4l_?, Kokkai to chiho gikai QJ k a e; ' ~ (The Diet and local assemblies), Tokyo, Gakuyo Shobo, 1952, 23+236+5pp. A primarily legal, structural, and procedural comparison of the National Diet with local legislative bodies in Japan. 983. Kokkai jumpo { 4 f t -X (Thrice-monthly Diet report), Tokyo, Daiichi Hoki Shuppan, 1955+. Three times a month. 984. Kudo Takeshige - h A t, Giinho teiyo f L;z _ - (Summary of the law of the Diet), Tokyo, Hakubunkan, 1904, 356pp. A simple legal analysis of the Diet law of 1890 as amended with good sections on the organization of the Diet, rights and privileges of members, general affairs' offices (jimukyoku) of both houses, parliamentary procedure, sessions, terms, adjournment, prorogation, committee system, debate, agenda, resolutions, voting, etc. Gives the English and German equivalent for many technical parliamentary terms. 985. Kuroda Satoru X. P C and Hayashida Kazuhiro At ~ t A, Kokkaiho, senkyoho j 4 X -~ -~ (The National Diet Law and the Electoral Law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1958, 195+205pp. This is the standard work on the organization and procedures of the National Diet. Emphasis is placed upon the standing orders of the Diet, i.e., the National Diet Law, the rules of both Houses, and their usages and precedents. Some comparative materials are introduced for illustrative purposes. The second part of the work on the Electoral Law is concerned primarily with the national election system for both Houses of the Diet. Incidental attention is paid to local elections. A useful index and a bibliography are appended. 986. Maezawa Hiroaki i\ t f a ed., Nihon kokkai nanajunenshi 0; (4 ~ *_- t _ (Seventy years of the Japanese National Diet), Tokyo, Shimbun G6do Tsushinsha, 1953-4, 2v. A history of the Diet from the first session of the Imperial Diet (November, 1890) to the sixteenth session of the new Diet (May, 1953), a span somewhat short of that claimed in the title. Coverage includes important quotations from the proceedings of both Houses, excerpts from contemporary political analysis and commentary, descriptions of cabinets and the cause of their downfall, ministerial speeches, important interpellations, analyses of the status of the parties, lists of Diet members, and a variety of other useful data. Appended to each volume are brief descriptions of bills enacted by session and chronologies of developments affecting the Diet. 987. Minobe Tatsukichi ~ i -~ di ~, Gikai seidoron C f,] [ _ ~ (Treatise on the parliamentary system), T6kyo, 1930, 457pp. A descriptive account of the historical development and true nature of the parliamentary system, the organization of the Diet, the limited nature of its powers, and the Diet law. 988. Minobe Tatsukichi J - t i, Gikai seiji no kento * - -~; e ~. (Investigation of parliamentary politics), Tokyo, Nippon Hyoronsha, 1934, 598pp. A collection of Professor Minobe's essays on contemporary political problems including a survey of the current political scene, an analysis of recent constitutional developments, the problem of election reform, and a number of other political issues important in the early thirties. 121
Page 122 122 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 989. Miyazawa Toshiyoshi g -: 4, Shin kemp6 to kokkai -k i 1i /o (The new constitution and the National Diet), Tokyo, Kokuritsu Shoin, 1948, 214pp. A popular treatment by one of Japan's most eminent constitutional authorities concentrating on the effects of the new constitution on the structure and operations of the Diet. 990. Saito Hideo -A ~.t, Kokkai to shihoken i / j -: 4| (The National Diet and judicial authority), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1955, 344pp. A sequel to Entry 991 by the same author, bringing up to date his studies of the Diet's powers to investigate and to impeach. 991. Saito Hideo & 4, $, Kokkai to shihoken no dokuritsu fg I 4;& e, 3 - (The National Diet and the independence of judicial authority), T6kyo, Iwanami, 1951, 11+326+10pp. A careful study by a professor at Tohoku University of the controversial question of the Diet's powers to investigate national political conditions and to impeach judges. Comparative materials are included. 992. Sasahara Masashi -t I J- -, Teikokugikai kaisanshi ~ -Lf tf (History of the dissolutions of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Chugaisha, 1932, 10+437pp. A very useful reference on the fourteen dissolutions of the Imperial Diet which occurred before 1932. The author explains the conflicts between the government and the parties and the circumstances of each dissolution. 993. Suzuki Takao X. jt, Kokkai un'ei no riron p / A_ 9 - ~ (The theory of parliamentary management), Tokyo, Kengo Shuppansha, 1953, 534+6+10+12pp. A systematic discussion of the operating procedures of Japan's National Diet with special reference to the committee system. 994. Teikoku gikai gojunenshi J i 4 - - -1 3L (History of fifty years of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Teikoku Gikai Gojunenshi Kank6kai, 1936, rev. ed., 1114pp. 995. Teikoku gikai nenkan ~ i (~ J ~ - (Yearbook of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Jiji Shimposha, 1930+. Affords detailed coverage of Diet sessions from the 59th (1930) on. 996. Uesugi Jujiro K i =A - A, Teikoku gikai no rekishi to honshitsu g - e 0t._ I t (History and essence of the Imperial Diet), Toky6, Iwasaki Shoten, 1953, 236pp. A history of the prewar Diet placing prime emphasis on the significance of various social and labor movements. The arrangement is chronological and covers the period from 1890 to the 41st Diet (1918-19). Separate essays on historical methodology and the bureaucracy during the Meiji period are appended. See also Entries: 346, 383, 535. 2. Compiled Records of the National Diet The official records of proceedings on the floor are published separately and in full by the secretariats of both Houses in a special supplement to the Kampo or Official gazette (See entries 1039 and 1065). These are voluminous, mixed in with numerous other sections of the Kampo, not very well indexed, and, in general, inconvenient to use. The student should be aware, therefore, of the existence of several excellent substitute sources for this information. The stenographic records of all sessions of both Houses from the first through the fiftyfourth (1890-1928) are reproduced in convenient, well-indexed form in an eighteen-volume series by the Dai Nihon Teikoku Gikaishi Kankokai entitled Dai Nihon teikoku gikaishi (Records of the Imperial Japanese Diet). No equivalent source for the period 1929-1934 is known to exist, but from the sixty-seventh session (1935) on, the Naikaku Insatsukyoku itself issued a compiled version of proceedings on the floor under the title Teikoku gikai giji sokkirokushu (Compiled stenographic records of proceedings in the Imperial Diet). This is far more useful than the daily version appearing in the Kampo. Three summaries of proceedings, which are often adequate for any but very detailed information, also merit mention. Ishikawa Jun's Teikoku gikai tsugan (General survey of the Imperial Diet) is an abridged record of proceedings for the first through the twenty-fourth sessions (1890-1908). Kudo Takeshige's Teikoku gikaishi (History of the Imperial Diet) performs a similar service for the first through the twenty-first sessions (1890-1905). Both are reliable and useful reference aids. Most useful of all when completed, however, may be the Nihon Gisei Kyokai's Nihon gikaishi (Entry 1003). Only the first volume has been available for examination, but this is a very detailed history of the first session of the Diet in upwards of 1100 pages. 997. Dai Nihon Teikoku Gikaishi Kankokai 3 ~ 7 ~ I& *- / Id e] 1 At (Society for the Publication of the Records of the Imperial Diet), Dai Nihon Teikoku gikaishi < s. t i - t (Records of the Imperial Japanese Diet), Tokyo, Dai Nihon Teikoku Gikaishi KankOkai, 1926-30, 18v. An exceptionally useful collection which reproduces the stenographic records of the first through the fiftyfourth (1890-1928) sessions of the Imperial Diet. For each session there is given the text of the Imperial opening address, rosters of ministers of state, of cabinet delegates to the Diet and of the membership of both Houses, the agenda of both Houses for each day of the session, and a stenographic record of all pro
Page 123 THE NATIONAL DIET 123 ceedings on the floor of both Houses. This does not cover committee proceedings. The proceedings for each session are preceded by a brief sketch of important political events transpiring since the preceding session. A summary of the several general elections is also inserted at the proper places. Following the proceedings of each session is a section devoted to biographical sketches, with photographs, of members who played a prominent part in that session. Each volume contains a table of contents and a subject index. Volume 18 is given over to a general index of the set with separate sections for the House of Peers, House of Representatives, political conditions, and biographical sketches. This series is far simpler to use than the official record of Diet proceedings contained in the Kampo gogai. It is unfortunate that it was not continued beyond 1928. 998. Ishikawa Jun k,,,l|, ed., Teikoku gikai tsugan 4 l 4 / ~.- % (General survey of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Teikoku Shushikai, 1908, 2v. A convenient summary of the proceedings and other aspects of the first through the twenty-fourth (1890-1908) sessions of the Imperial Diet. It is considerably less complete than the account of the Dai Nihon Teikoku Gikaishi Kankokai (q.v.), however. The contents are arranged under the following major categories, with a separate section under each devoted to the relevant information for each Diet session: 1) Summons, openings, closings, extensions, prorogations, and dissolutions. The dates and other essential facts in respect to each of these parliamentary events are given. 2) Cabinets and Diets. Gives rosters of cabinet members, cabinet delegates to the Diet, the chairmen and vice-chairmen of both houses, chairmen of standing committees, membership of both houses and changes in membership for each session. 3) Debates on proposals. This is divided into the following subcategories: a) budget bill (gives a summary budget and an extended precis of the debate and action thereon in both houses); b) audit (a similar account of Diet action on the audit of the preceding year's accounts); c) Diet action on emergency ordinances (summaries of legislative action on emergency ordinances submitted by the cabinet for ex post facto sanction); d) memorials to the throne (tabular presentation of the nature and results of such memorials plus a summary of the debate thereon); e) petitions (tabular presentation of origin, nature, and results of all petitions plus a summary of the debate thereon); f) important motions (tabular presentation of important motions, their origin, nature and results plus a summary of the debate thereon); and g) bills (summaries of the provisions, debate, and action on a selection of important bills). 999. Kogisho nisshi /- *4 - V., (Journal of the Kogisho), Tokyo, Chugaido, 1869, 5v. These are the records of proceedings on the floor of the Kogisho, a short-lived national assembly of clan representatives, first assembled in April 1869 and soon supplanted by the Shfgiin. They may also be found in Volume IV of the Meiji bunka zenshu. 1000. Kokusei Shingi Chosakai 61 it - J r t (National Government Deliberative and Research Council), Kokkai soran If /i *- t (Conspectus of the National Diet), Tokyo, Kokusei Shingi Chosakai, 1953, 54+2340+306pp. The greatest part of this voluminous compilation is devoted to a reproduction of salient portions of the stenographic proceedings in both plenary sessions and committee meetings of the 15th National Diet (1952-53). Much information on other aspects of the Diet's organization and practice is also included. 1001. Kudo Takeshige a a i *, Teikoku gikaishi ~ ~,- 4 4 (History of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1912-16, 3v. A very useful summary of important proceedings on the floor of the first through the twenty-first (1890-1905) sessions of the Imperial Diet. It lacks the detail of the 18-volume Dai Nihon Teikoku Gikaishi Kankokai series (q.v.), but is far briefer and simpler to use. Contents are arranged chronologically by sessions with a brief essay prefaced to each describing all important political events since the preceding session. This is followed by sections on the summons, organization, officers and membership of the Diet during the session concerned; the policy and attitude of the cabinet towards the Diet; the budget; and a summary of the Diet's debates and decisions on all important legislation. A supplementary chapter carries the legislative history through the Russo-Japanese War. There is no index, but the table of contents prefaced to each volume is quite detailed. 1002. Naikaku Insatsukyoku hS- iP I\ (Cabinet Printing Office), Teikoku gikai giji sokkirokushu 4 # A-' + I- t6 t (Compiled stenographic records of proceedings in the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Naikaku Insatsukyoku, April 1935+[? ]. Irregular. This is a compiled edition of proceedings on the floor of both houses for the 67th and subsequent sessions of the Diet (1935+). It should not be confused with the Teikoku gikai [ ] giji sokkiroku (q.v.) or stenographic records of each house, issued by their respective Secretariats, which appear daily during sessions. The present entry covers the same material but brings together all such proceedings for an entire session in a more convenient and usable form. 1003. Nihon Gisei Kyokai;- * K- '% (Japanese Parliamentary Affairs Association), Nihon gikaishi a e -; ^ (History of the Japanese Diet), Tokyo, Nihon Gisei Kyokai, 1953+. When completed, this will be the most detailed and ambitious history of the Diet ever attempted in Japan. So far but a single volume has appeared. This treats only the first session (1890-91) in some 1148 pages. It includes a concise history of the establishment of the Imperial Diet, plus very extensive quotations from
Page 124 124 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE the corrected stenographic records of both Houses. Lists of members and other pertinent data are also included. The series promises to be an exceptionally valuable documentary collection. See also Entries: 870. 3. House of Representatives a. Prewar The following list of official publications of the House of Representatives is remarkable only for the number and scope of items involved. All activities of the House were elaborately documented, to the extent that an extraordinary degree of duplication existed. Some of this was unavoidable because of the need of serving equally the day-to-day documentary and informational demands of the membership as well as the longer range purposes of compiled and permanent records. It might also be noted that a number of the publications listed are intended primarily for the day-to-day use of the membership in the conduct of official business, and are, therefore, not available or exceedingly rare in this country. The basic series among these publications was the...giji sokkiroku (Entry 1016) or Stenographic record of proceedings in the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet. This covers the ninety-two sessions of the Imperial Diet from 1890 to 1947. Entry 1004, which provides brief biographies of all members of the lower House who served between 1890 and 1937, might also be noted as a very useful reference work. It has been impossible in a number of cases to determine the initial and terminal dates of publication of serial publications of the old lower house. In the case of all those still appearing in May 1947, however, another series begins with the enactment of the new constitution on May 3 of that year. 1004. Shugiin Jimukyoku J. T I -t * 7 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Dai ikkai naishi dai nijukkai sosenkyo shugiin giin ryakureki A — ] - D- a — - - Ft 4 ~_ (Brief biographies of members of the House of Representatives elected in the first to the twentieth [1890-1937] general elections), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1940, 504+162pp. The body of this very useful work is devoted to brief biographical sketches of all members elected to the House of Representatives in the first (1890) to the 20th (1937) general elections. Since the term of this last Diet was extended because of the outbreak of war, this part covers substantially all members of the lower house down to April 30, 1942. It is arranged in dictionary fashion in the order of the kana syllabary. The extensive appendices contain the following information: 1) a list, classified by prefectures and general elections, showing the number of times and in what elections all members were returned; 2) a list of members returned at different times by different election districts, showing the prefectures concerned; 3) a table showing Diet sessions, the general elections to which members owed their mandates, the date of their dissolution or expiration, and the total length of their term; and 4) a table of members who have served in different Diets under different names showing the old and new names and the Diets concerned. 1005. Shugiin Jimukyoku _ ~ Pt - ~7 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Shugiin giin tosekiroku ~ ~ f3 ~[ ~. ~~ I A (Roster of party affiliations of members of the House of Representatives), T6ky6, Shugiin Jimukyoku, [?]+. Annual. An annual cumulative record of the party affiliations of all members, showing all changes therein, from the first session of the Diet to the current one. 1006. Shugiin Jimukyoku o- l -~ } 1 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Shugiin iinkai senrei isan *~- F~ ~ ~ ~ Au 4? 4 (Classified compilation of precedents relating to committees of the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Shugin Jimukyoku, 1902+. Irregular but usually revised annually. A classified and cumulative compilation of precedents applying to the procedure of all standing and special committees of the House of Representatives and to inter-house conference committees. Prior to June 1902 this entry comprised a section of the Shugiin senrei isan by the same agency (q.v.). 1007. Shugin Jimukyoku j7 ~ ^ - ~ 1 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Shugiin senrei isan -t * q '41 '~t J (Classified compilation of precedents relating to the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1891+. Irregular but usually revised annually. A cumulative compilation of ruling precedents and references on all aspects of procedure on the floor of the House. Prior to 1902 it also covered precedents governing committee procedure. 1008. Shugiin Jimukyoku ' f t At # 7 (House of Representatives, Secreteriat), Shugiin yoran {. M. - f (Manual of the House of Representatives), T6ky6, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1898 [? ]+. Irregular. A compilation-in two parts prior to and 3 parts after 1937-of useful information about the organization and procedure of the House of Representatives. Part A assembles the laws and ordinances applicable to the House and its membership, including the constitution, the Diet Law, the regulations governing inter-house conference committees, the election law and the regulations on the pay and travel expenses of members. Part B gives the names, photos, and brief biographical sketches of the presentmembership,and numerous tables and charts on the business of the House, and the legislative history of bills, petitions, memorials, etc. Part C sets forth the names and employment records of all previous members and notes many useful facts as to the Diet premises and the regulations applying to their use.
Page 125 THE NATrONAL DIET 125 1009. Shugin Jimukyoku -X ' i 4 ~ g (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai joso, kengi, ketsugian, juyo dogi, chobatsu jihan, shitsumon f * * * - ~ _ -k I * 4- ~* * A -fe S l (Memorials to the throne, proposals, resolutions, important motions, disciplinary measures, and questions presented in the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, [?]. Annual. 1010. Shugiin Jimukyoku -t A SC * / (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shitsumon shuisho _ I _ ~ [ - I t (Register of interpellations in the Imperial Diet classified by their objectives), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, [?]. Annual. 1011. Shugiin Jimukyoku ~ 1 -t 4 ~ (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shodakuan % -- l i (Bills passed by the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugin Jimukyoku, [?]. Annual. 1012. Shugiin Jimukyoku ~ # a ' f r~ 7 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin gian kemmeiroku 4 Q '* t/ * t * " * 4 (Classified calendar of bills introduced in the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1919, 1925, 2v. These volumes offer considerably more than the title promises. They are actually a complete record of the action of the House of Representatives on all matters put to a vote of the House from 1890 to 1925. Volume 1 covers the first to the fortieth Diet sessions (1890-1916) and volume 2 the forty-first to the fiftieth (1916 -1925). The primary arrangement is chronological by Diet sessions. The listing records the vote of the House on governmental and private bills, the budget, accounts, emergency ordinances, memorials, proposals, resolutions, important motions, disciplinary actions, petitions, special reports, and interpellations. The nature of the question is indicated in all cases. A supplement lists those bills which were favorably acted upon by both houses and subsequently enacted as law. 1013. Shugin Jimukyoku f- $& 4k -t+ ~, (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin giin meibo A A A - - -*' (Roster of members of the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1890+. Annual. 1014. Shugin Jimukyoku # f* It ~ h ' (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin giin teishutsuan t A * J _f A t 4 t - (Private bills introduced in the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1890+. Irregular. Published for every Diet session. 1015. Shugiin Jimukyoku { ff -~ ff 71 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin gijiroku * * ~ ( -* C -~, (Register of proceedings of the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1890[? ]+. Irregular. A summary guide to the activities of the House of Representatives published shortly after the completion of every session. This is far simpler to use than the massive Sokkiroku, or stenographic records, in tracing the actions of the House and can, furthermore, be used as a sort of index thereto. Each issue is divided into a number of sections as follows: 1) record of matters pertaining to the organization, opening, closing, prorogation or dissolution, of the House, ceremonies, section assignments, etc.; 2) identification and complete legislative histories of all bills, the budget, accounts, and emergency ordinances submitted to the House (no texts given); 3) identification and complete legislative histories of all memorials, petitions, and important motions submitted to the House; 4) the same for all other motions; 5) record of all interpellations and responses thereto; 6) notices of furloughs, illness, death, resignation, or retirement of members and of results of by-elections; 7) description of relations with cabinet and House of Peers; 8) register of committee appointments, elections, and reports; 9) resignations and new appointments to committees; 10) abolition or expiration of special committees; 11) records of all formal roll-call votes; and 12) list of all occasions upon which members addressed the House and general nature of their remarks. An index is appended. 1016. Shugiin Jimukyoku j t ' F (House of Representatives, Secretariat), "Teikoku gikai shugiin giji sokkiroku i RA * f i A " t' -t 3L $i (Stenographic record of proceedings in the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet)," Kampo gogai % -0 - {F (Supplement to the Kampo), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, December 1890-March 1947. Daily during sessions. This is a complete stenographic transcript of proceedings on the floor of the House of Representatives, covering announcements by the Speaker, ministerial speeches, debates, interpellations and responses thereto, resolutions, etc. Library practice with respect to these stenographic records varies widely, but rarely will they be encountered in separately bound form. Usually they are found interleaved with the Kampo itself and with their companion records for the House of Peers. They are, however, separately and consecutively paged and are further identified by date and serial number within a given Diet session. Marginal annotations indicate the contents of each page. Prior to 1900 issues of these stenographic records were indexed bv the session. Since that date a monthly index has been provided. This appears as a supplement to a varying number of the Kampo for the following months, e.g. the index to the January issues is usually printed in the Kampo for the following February 28, the February index in that for March 18, and the March index in the April 22 issue. The location of such indexes for issues published since 1927 is indicated in the official gazette section of the classified part of the Naikaku Insatsukyoku's Kancho kanko tosho mokuroku and Kancho tosho geppo. Where possible, however, the student is advised to seek his information first in the abridged proceedings issued by the Shugiin Jimukyoku under the title Teikoku gikai shugiin giji tekiyo (q.v.), those
Page 126 126 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE edited by Ishikawa Jun or Kudo Takeshige (See Entries 998 and 1001) or in the more conveniently arranged records of the Dai Nihon Teikoku Gikaishi Kankokai series (see Entry 997). Postwar issues of these proceedings, under the title of Official Gazette Extra, English Edition were printed in English in Tokyo from May 2, 1946 to March 31, 1952, and were revived under private sponsorship for a brief period from Sept. 1, 1953. With the enactment of the new constitution in May, 1947, the title and character of this series underwent some changes (See Entry 1039). 1017. Shugiin Jimukyoku 1 l - * J (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin giji tekiyo 4 1~ *- 4 _ - c - * - (Abstracts of proceedings in the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1891+. Irregular. A two or three volume summary and abstract of legislative proceedings on the floor of the House of Representatives issued soon after the end of every Diet session. It summarizes the opening and closing ceremonies, including the ministerial speeches on the former occasion, provides a calendar of financial bills introduced in the Diet, gives the texts of all government and private statutory bills, and the texts of resolutions and addresses to the throne, petitions, interpellations, and replies thereto. Appendices contain tables of membership and of the election districts from which members derive, rosters of section and party membership, lists of government delegates, and committee assignments, etc. Not to be confused with the similarly titled Teikoku gikai shugiin gijiroku which is more in the nature of a bare register or calendar of organizational and procedural data, and gives no texts or extended summaries of action on the floor. The present entry comprises an extremely useful guide and index to the Sokkiroku or stenographic records. 1018. Shugiin Jimukyoku It; a -~ ~r / (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin hokoku 4 A * /* f 4 - F: (Report of the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shfgiin Jimukyoku, November, 1916+. Irregular. A bare tabular summary of the major facts in respect to a session-the summons, term, membership, committee appointments, ministers and cabinet delegates, bills introduced and action thereon, interpellations and replies, etc. 1019. Shugin Jimukyoku - L - A ~ J (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin horitsuan _ - A -. N ~i -I; 4 f (Bills introduced in the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugin Jimukyoku, 1890[? ]+. Irregular. This comprises a separate section of the Teikoku gikai shugiin giji sokkiroku, i.e. the stenographic records of the House of Representatives, and is published irregularly therein as the accumulation of new bills warrants. It gives titles and texts of all bills. It is also printed in the Teikoku gikai shugiin koho. 1020. Shugin Jimukyoku t i4 -, # j (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin iincho hokoku,d R * 4t *- - k (Reports of committee chairmen of the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, [?]. Irregular. 1021. Shugiin Jimukyoku J 4 D 4 1 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin iinkai gijiroku 4 1 * 4 Ppt f. It I c -* # (Record of committee proceedings in the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shagiin Jimukyoku, 1890+. Irregular. A record of committee proceedings compiled from the stenographic records thereof. Covers both standing and special committees. 1022. Shugiin Jimukyoku - - 4 4 * J A (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin iinkai kaigiroku C * * t A t4 t /4 * - (Minutes of committee proceedings in the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1890+. Irregular. Minutes of the proceedings of all standing and special committees of the House. 1023. Shugiin Jimukyoku - A R - 0 7 47 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin kengian 4t ' S I ~ V F lL ] (Motions made in the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), T6kyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, [?]. Irregular. A calendar of the titles and texts of all motions made in the House which is published from time to time as the accumulation warrants in the Teikoku gikai shugiin giji sokkiroku; i.e. stenographic records of the House of Representatives, and also in the Teikoku gikai shfigiin koh6, i.e. bulletin of the House of Representatives. 1024. Shugiin Jimukyoku * t -T+ # ( (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin koho f 1 A- * f Sk Ft -4 - (Bulletin of the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), T6ky6, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1890+. Irregular. A record of progress and accomplishments issued frequently during sessions which publishes announcements of importance to members, texts of bills and motions, petitions, etc., and also notes attendance, committee and section assignments, and the progress of proceedings. 1025. Shugiin Jimukyoku + * F W (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin nisshi h * 4 1 A A to f * (Journal of the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, December 1937+. Daily during sessions.
Page 127 THE NATIONAL DIET 127 Gives the agenda of the House, requests for furloughs, attendance at sessions, announcements of deaths, and other matters of interest to the House. 1026. Shugiin Jimukyoku F- t A 4- * i (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin seifu teishutsuan 4 14J N- M 4 L ) kC #LtA it (Government bills introduced in the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1890+. Irregular. 1027. Shugiin Jimukyoku * ft + #- # (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin seigan bunshohyo I -, t* z A (Table of written petitions presented to the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, [?]. Weekly during sessions. The table summarizes the important information on such petitions, including their nature and purpose. 1028. Shugiin Jimukyoku t * A 4 T ~1 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin seigan hokoku T C * 4 4 * (Bulletin of petitions submitted to the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, [?]. Annual. 1029. Shugiin Jimukyoku - PC -f - fl (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin seigan tokubetsu hokoku ~ * { r A F 0 "t 1 -MS -4 (Special reports on petitions submitted to the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1890+. Irregular. This series apparently covers reports to the House on only those petitions which have been favorably acted upon by a committee of the House. 1030. Shuglin Jimukyoku F I t' ' 41 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai shugiin shitsumonsho t A 4 It f Ft r 1 $ I (Register of interpellations made in the House of Representatives of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, [?]. Irregular. A record of the text of all such interpellations made in the House which is printed from time to time in the Teikoku gikai shugiin giji sokkiroku or stenographic records, and in the Teikoku gikai shugiin koho or Bulletin of the House of Representatives. b. House of Representatives: Postwar The documentation of the revised House of Representatives under the new constitution has been somewhat rationalized and simplified. The basic series is till the Record of proceedings in the House of Representatives (Entry 1039), which has been retitled Shugiin kaigiroku. Successors to most of the important prewar publications will be readily recognized in the following list. 1031. Horitsuan -A 4 I (Bills [introduced in the National Diet]), Tokyo, Naikaku, Shuigiin or Sangiin, July, 1947+. Irregular. This is a definitive calendar of bills introduced in the National Diet. These are of four kinds: 1) Naikaku teishutsu horitsuan (cabinet bills), abbreviated kakuh6; 2) Shugiin teishutsu horitsuan (bills introduced by a member or members of the lower house), abbreviated shiuh6; 3) Sangiin teishutsu h6ritsuan (bills introduced by a member of the upper house), abbreviated sampo; and 4) kisoku (a draft rule introduced by a member or members of either house), abbreviated shuki or sanki, as the case may be. Different kinds of bills are usually, but not always, bound separately. A table of contents gives the vital data for each bill: its number and subject, its date of enrollment, its reference to committee with dates and results, consideration by the Houses with dates and results, its number if enacted, and the date of its promulgation. The text of the bill and additional information about its legislative history may be found in the body of the volume. If enacted, the final texts of such measures may also be found in the Kamp6 (See Entry 694). 1032. Kokkai taikan, shugiin hen 4 )f_ -, ^- 4 R ] * (Outline of the National Diet: the House of Representatives), T6ky6, Sangyo Keizaisha, 1954, 64+8+977+34+28pp. A useful compilation of data relating to the history, organization, and personnel of the lower house. It includes brief biographies of all members of the lower house from the first (1890) through the twenty-first (1942) general election to the old Imperial Diet, plus similar information for members of the postwar lower house from the twenty-second (1946) through the twenty-sixth (1953) general elections. The texts of relevant laws, chronologies of cabinets and parliamentary sessions, data re members, etc. are also included. 1033. Shugiin Jimukyoku t - k ~ * 7 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Chinj6 bunshohy6o Ff 4_ a - (Table of representations presented) Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, June, 1947-January, 1955. Irregular. A table of representations to the lower house showing: date of acceptance, name of the committee concerned, subject, sponsor, and the gist of the representation. Since the 22nd session (March, 1955-July, 1955) "representations" have been treated as "petitions, " and are listed accordingly. 1034. Shugiin Jimukyoku I A _ -Jt - 7 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Chinjo shinsa hokokusho q +f,t 4 -W -k (Reports on the review of representations presented), T6kyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, December, 1947-January, 1955. Irregular. Each report summarizes representations received and the nature of committee action thereon. Only representations favorably considered are listed. The variant title of Chinjo hokokusho is sometimes encountered.
Page 128 128 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1035. Shugiin Jimukyoku A -4 l,7 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Iinkai shuho ~. ~ -- (Committee weekly), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, March, 1952+. Weekly during sessions. A summary of meetings, agenda, and action by both standing and special committees of the House of Representatives published as a supplement to the Shuigiin koho (Bulletin of the House of Representatives). There is no corresponding publication for committee activities in the upper house. 1036. Shugiin Jimukyoku i A ' 4 J ~ (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Seigan bunshohyo 4 ~ ~ (Table of petitions presented), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, June, 1947+. Irregular. A table listing all written petitions submitted to the lower house and indicating: the date of presentation, the name of the committee to which submitted, subject, the petitioner, the representative who introduced it, and the gist of the petition itself. 1037. Shugiin Jimukyoku At - i j ~ 7 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Seigan shinsa hokokusho i~ 21 &fi -X 4 $ (Reports on the review of written petitions), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, August, 1947+. Irregular. Each report summarizes the gist and purpose of petitions presented to the lower house and how the committee acted. The report treats only petitions favorably received. Some issues are variantly titled: Seigan h6kokusho. 1038. Shugiin Jimukyoku ~ t-~ -f ~ 1 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Shugiin iinkaigiroku - [,t 0 l *- ~40 (Record of committee proceedings in the House of Representatives), Toky6, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1947+. Irregular. A record of standing and special committee proceedings compiled from the stenographic records thereof. The records for each session are bound separately in several volumes. 1039. Shugiin Jimukyoku i J 4 -; ~ (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Shugiin kaigiroku -J; 4t. / ~ / (Record of proceedings in the House of Representatives), Kampo gogai -4 { -F (Official Gazette Extra), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, May 20, 1947+. Daily during sessions. A complete stenographic transcript of proceedings on the floor of the House of Representatives. This succeeds "Teikoku gikai shugiin giji sokkiroku" (q.v.) with the reorganization of the Imperial Diet as the National Diet. The records of each session are bound separately. An English language edition was published separately under the title "Minutes of Proceedings in the House of Representatives" (Official Gazette Extra), from May 2, 1946 to March 31, 1952, and briefly, from Sept. 1, 1953. There is a classified monthly index. 1040. Shugiin Jimukyoku % t t {. /o (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Shugiin koho [ SC /~J 's {-(Bulletin of the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, May 6, 1947+. Daily during sessions. A report on the daily activities of the House of Representatives, covering agenda, committee meetings, distribution of seats, activities of various political parties and other groups represented in the House, semipersonal news (e.g., changes in member's addresses or phone numbers), acceptance of petitions, election to various offices, actions on bills and the draft budget, announcements, schedules, etc. Besides the activities of official organs of the House, those of parties and groups are also covered. 1041. Shugiin Jimukyoku i 1 -A -It t (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Shugiin senreishu ~ ~ f- J 0 A* I (A collection of precedents for the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1955, 473pp. An official collection of important precedents in the House of Representatives based upon practice in the first through the 21st sessions (1947-1955). See also Entries: 939, 1004. 4. House of Peers and House of Councillors a. House of Peers The records of the pre-1947 House of Peers did not differ substantially from the previously described records of the lower house. With the enactment of the new constitution on May 3, 1947, those of the following series still being published underwent a change of title and some changes in content. 1042. Ito Jiromaru f * -- f %, Kizokuin kaikaku no shomondai -t *( &_ ad - a) 1 ' (Various problems connected with the reform of the House of Peers), T6ky6, Ajia Hyoronsha, 1938, 7+250pp. A chiefly descriptive account of the existing organization and activities of the House of Peers which also indicates some of the attendant problems. Discusses the stratification of the House of Peers, its organization, the system of electing new members, the machinery for the investigation of imperial appointees, the age and term of members, other qualifications, the practice of a peer holding more than one office at the same time, pay, the problem of Article 13 of the Ordinance of the House of Peers, and the author's reflections on political criticisms and proposed reforms of the House. 1043. Kizokuin Jimukyoku -t, -A_ -f f / (House of Peers, Secretariat), Kizokuin hanketsurei 4. AJ 'J ) t4 (Precedents in respect to the House of Peers), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, 1891 [? ]+. Irregular. A compilation of precedents relating to the business and practice of the House of Peers.
Page 129 THE NATIONAL DIET 129 1044. Kizokuin Jimukyoku -*, F 4 J ~ (House of Peers, Secretariat), Kizokuin iinkai senreiroku { ~ ~}E 9 b 01 h (Compilation of precedents for committees of the House of Peers), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, 1891 [? ]+. Annual. A compilation of the precedents which govern the functioning of committees of the House of Peers. Covers the following matters: 1) organization of committees and subcommittees; 2) attendance and rights of speech at committee meetings of cabinet ministers, cabinet delegates, and officials; 3) procedure in meetings, i.e. debate, amendments, voting, etc.; 4) reports of committee investigations; 5) despatch and receipt of documents; and 6) preparation, printing, distribution, and recording of documents. A supplement assembles comparable precedents governing inter-house conference committees. 1045. Kizokuin Jimukyoku A- f oj 4 9 1j (House of Peers, Secretariat), Kizokuin ni kansuru shoron gaiyoroku 4 - ft An ^ r- M f" 4- * t. i0 ft (Abstracts of various discussions of the House of Peers), Toky6, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, 1937. A summary of various views on reform of the House of Peers expressed in a large number of books, newspapers, and magazine articles. 1046. Kizokuin Jimukyoku -~ 7 4j J, k (House of Peers, Secretariat), Kizokuin shikaku shinsa hanketsurei -# A F X -;' it ' (Leading cases relating to the investigation of qualifications for the House of Peers), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, [? ]. Annual. Primarily concerned with disputed elections to membership, but also covers loss of qualifications due to a member's promotion within the peerage. 1047. Kizokuin Jimukyoku -I / F 4 # j (House of Peers, Secretariat), Kizokuin yoran -* f Vt J (Manual of the House of Peers), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, 1898 +. Irregular. This manual collects a great deal of information which the average member will find useful in the course of his duties. Originally it was issued in two volumes, but the 1937 and subsequent prewar editions appeared in 3 volumes, identified as parts A, B, and C. Part A is a compilation of major laws and ordinances affecting the House of Peers including the constitution, Diet law, House of Peers Ordinance, Imperial Household Law, Law of the House of Representatives, and the Law of Finance. Part B is a summary legislative history of all bills considered by the House of Peers in all previous sessions, plus similar summaries of other important proceedings. Part C assembles the names and employment records of all past members of the House, and the photographs and brief biographical sketches of all present members. A similar manual entitled Sangiin yoron (q.v.) published by the Sangiin Jimukyoku, has been issued for the postwar House of Councillors. 1048. Kizokuin Jimukyoku -. Ft 4 *, (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin giin teishutsuan {_ 1 4 ' i It I. -, t - S (Private bills introduced into the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, 1890+. Irregular. Published for every Diet session. 1049. Kizokuin Jimukyoku, At?4 ~; j (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin giji nittei ~ 1 8^ ix + t se Ad ~J ^ 0 f (Daily agenda of the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), T6kyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, December 1890+. Daily during sessions. 1050. Kizokuin Jimukyoku -* _ 4p ~, (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin gijiroku ~ t * i 4 A #_V N (Register of proceedings of the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, 1890 [?]+. Irregular. A summary guide to the activities of the House of Peers during a given session, issued soon after the completion of that session. A very simple way of following the proceedings, which can also be used as a guide and index to the massive Sokkiroku or complete stenographic record of proceedings. It covers the following matters: 1) organization, opening, closing and prorogation of the House, election of officers, section assignments, etc.; 2) summary and legislative history of all bills, emergency ordinances, the budget, and the accounting bill (includes no texts or debates); 3) summary and legislative history of all memorials, petitions, and important motions; 4) summary and legislative history of all other motions; 5) summary of all interpellations and responses thereto; 6) record of all furloughs, illnesses, deaths, resignations, and retirements of members of the House of Peers, and notices of appointment or election of new members; 7) relations with cabinet and House of Representatives; 8) record of committee appointments, elections, and reports; 9) notices of the abolition or expiration of special committees; 10) record of the vote on all formal roll-call votes; and 11) a catalogue of all members' speeches' before the House showing the occasion and purpose for which they spoke. 1051. Kizokuin Jimukyoku, 4 A ~j, (House of Peers, Secretariat), "Teikoku gikai kizokuin giji sokkiroku $ 14 * *' A Xi *-~ 4t X #k A (Stenographic records of proceedings in the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet)," Kamp5 gogai t -~ 5 - (Supplement to the official gazette), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, December 1890+. Daily during sessions. These are the complete stenographic transcripts of all proceedings on the floor of the House of Peers. They cover all announcements by the Speaker, ministerial speeches, interpellations and responses, petitions and debate occurring on the floor. They do not cover committee hearings or floor proceedings on those few oc
Page 130 130 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE casions when the House has sat in secret executive session. Library practice in respect to these proceedings varies widely. Rarely will they be encountered separately bound. Usually they are found interleaved with the Kampo itself and with the similar stenographic proceedings of the House of Representatives. They are, however, separately and consecutively paged, and are identified by date and serial number within a given Diet session. Convenient marginal annotations indicate the contents of each page. For issues subsequent to 1900, there is a detailed monthly subject index. This appears as a supplement to a varying issue of the following month's Kampo e.g. the January numbers are usually indexed in a supplement to the Kampo of the following February 28, February numbers in the March 18 issue, and March numbers in the April 22 issue. The location of other such monthly indexes for numbers published during and after 1927 is noted in the official gazette section of the classified part of each issue of the Naikaku Insatsukyoku's Kancho kanko tosho mokuroku or Kancho kanko tosho geppo (q.v.). Issues of these stenographic records for Diet sessions held prior to 1900 are indexed by the session rather than by the month, and the indexes then published as supplements to a later Kampo. For most reference purposes, however, the student is advised to consult the abridged proceedings edited by Ishikawa Jun or Kudo Takeshige (see Entries 998 and 1001, or the more conveniently arranged edition of complete proceedings by the Dai Nihon Teikoku Gikaishi Kankokai (see Entry 997). With the organizational changes under the 1946 Constitution the title of these stenographic records of proceedings in the House of Peers was changed to conform with the new title of Japan's upper house, i.e. to...Sangiin kaigiroku. See Entry 1065 for information about this new series. Also an English language edition, known as Minutes of Proceedings, has been added to the English edition of the Kampo or Official gazette. This begins with records of the parliamentary debates of the 90th Diet which convened in May 1946 and continued to March 31, 1952. Thereafter it was briefly revived under private auspices from September 1, 1953. 1052. Kizokuin Jimukyoku -4 ~ 4 -, '7 (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin horitsuan ' \, k- -t~ 1 C t A f - (Bills introduced in the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), T6kyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, 1890+. Irregular. This comprises a separate section of the Teikoku gikai kizokuin giji sokkiroku, i.e. the stenographic records of the House of Peers, and is published irregularly therein as the accumulation of new bills warrants. It gives titles and texts of all bills. 1053. Kizokuin Jimukyoku -4t A 1t + * ~ (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin iho 6 1 ~J( -t ~ ~. t ~ (Classified bulletin of the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), T6ky6, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, December 1890+. Daily during sessions. A daily report of announcements, agenda, committee sessions, progress and nature of bills and petitions under consideration, meetings and business of the negotiating committee (kosho iinkai), names, addresses, and section assignments of members, and sundry miscellaneous matters. 1054. Kizokuin Jimukyoku - t L -* 3l (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin iincho hokoku i * ~* i 4 A Ft & 4-. _ (Reports of committee chairmen of the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, [?]. Irregular. 1055. Kizokuin Jimukyoku F ft ft -t * t, (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin iinkai giji sokkiroku i g| -]" F t t f," -t + I- 3 t # (Stenographic record of committee proceedings in the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, December 1890+. Irregular. A compiled transcript of proceedings in all, except secret, sessions of all standing and special committees of the House of Peers. 1056. Kizokuin Jimukyoku 44 t P J ] (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin iinkai kaigiroku ~ I utJ {. ~A f t R $ 4 t (Minutes of committee proceedings in the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, 1890+. Irregular. These are minutes taken by a chief clerk in attendance at all meetings of standing or special committees of the House of Peers and subseauently approved by the chairman and vice-chairman. They note the election of offices, the selection of members, attendance at meetings, and a rather bare precis of business transacted. 1057. Kizokuin Jimukyoku 4 tC # kj (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin jimukyoku hokoku _ ~ -A * A j % 4 X f_ -* (Bulletin of the Secretariat of the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, November 1891+. Irregular. A bulletin, issued for every Diet session, which gives the text of the imperial summons and describes the term of the session, the opening and closing ceremonies, prolongations or prorogations, election of officers, membership and changes therein, committee apppointments, the roster of cabinet ministers and cabinet delegates, and a number of tables on petitions, memorials, etc. 1058. Kizokuin Jimukyoku 4 A IO - #4 (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin kengian * g C tt ~ pt _j a t (Motions made in the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, [? ]. Irregular. 1059. Kizokuin Jimukyoku 4 1 F t ] (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin seifu teishutsuan 4- & b + p -t (Government bills introduced into the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, 1890+. Irregular.
Page 131 THE NATI~ONAL DIET 131 1060. Kizokuin Jimukyoku 4 P -+ * 417 (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin seigan bunshohyo f A4- I^7F ) i t L I - (Table of written petitions presented to the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, [?]. Weekly during sessions. 1061. Kizokuin Jimukyoku 4 Jf i - * 1 (House of Peers, Secretariat), Teikoku gikai kizokuin seigan iinkai tokubetsu hokoku a * 4; i A V, 4 | 4 2 4; / ~!J - 4 (Special reports of the Committee on Petitions of the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet), Tokyo, Kizokuin Jimukyoku, December 1890+. Irregular. b. House of Councillors The records of the new House of Councillors are in general similar to those of the older House of Peers. They have, of course, been retitled and somewhat simplified and reduced in numbers, at least where the principal series are concerned. The Record of proceedings in the House of Councillors (Entry 1065), now renamed Sangiin kaigiroku, continues to be the basic series. 1062. Sangiin Jimukyoku 4- At - } 4 (House of Councillors, Secretariat), Chinjo bunshohyo f /% 4 tt (Table of representations presented to the House of Councillors of the National Diet), T6kyo, Sangiin Jimukyoku, July, 1947-January, 1955. Irregular. Contents are identical with those in the analogous publication of the lower house (Entry 1033). Since the twenty-second session (1955) representations (chinjo) have not been distinguished from written petitions (seigan). 1063. Sangiin Jimukyoku f a FPC + O A1 (House of Councillors, Secretariat), Chinjo shinsa hokokusho P ~{ t - * 4: $ (Reports on review of representations presented), Tokyo, Sangiin Jimukyoku, June, 1948 -December, 1954. Irregular. Each report summarizes the representation and committee action thereon. The report covers only representations favorably received. 1064. Sangiin Jimukyoku 4 * It 4#} * (House of Councillors, Secretariat), Sangiin iinkai kaigiroku 4- Y U 4! 4t 4 * 4 (Record of committee proceedings in the House of Councillors), Tokyo, Sangiin Jimukyoku, 1947+. Irregular. A record of proceedings in both standing and special committees of the upper house during a given session, compiled from the stenographic minutes. 1065. Sangiin Jimukyoku 4 A Itj -t l J (House of Councillors, Secretariat), "Sangiin kaigiroku 4 ~ ]J k f t (Record of proceedings in the House of Councillors)," Kampo gogai ~ - { Ad (Official Gazette Extra), Tokyo, Sangiin Jimukyoku, May 20, 1947+. Daily during sessions. A complete stenographic transcript of proceedings on the floor of the upper house. This succeeds Entry 1051 after the effectuation of the new constitution. The records of each session are separately bound. There is an English translation entitled Minutes of the Proceedings in the House of Councillors (The Official Gazette Extra) for the period May 2, 1946 to March 31, 1952.. This was revived briefly under private auspices from Sept. 1, 1953. There is a classified monthly index. 1066. Sangiin Jimukyoku o ^ bt 4 * )- (House of Councillors, Secretariat), Sangiin koho 4 -?. s (Bulletin of the House of Councillors), Tokyo, Sangiin Jimukyoku, May 19, 1947+. Daily during sessions. Practically identical in coverage with the analogous publication of the lower house (Entry 1040). 1067. Sangiin Jimukyoku 4 A V.U 4 (House of Councillors, Secretariat), Sangiin senreiroku 4 * R 4'1 4 (Collection of precedents for the House of Councillors), Tokyo, Sangiin Jimukyoku, 1955, 8+44+334+36pp. A collection of precedents bearing upon plenary sessions of the upper house and established between its first and twenty-second sessions (1947-1955). 1068. Sangiin Jimukyoku 4 at ( 4 ' '1 (House of Councillors, Secretariat), Sanglin yoran 4 - _j V t (Manual of the House of Councillors), Tokyo, Sangiin Jimukyoku, 1947+. Irregular. The postwar and post-1946-constitution equivalent of the older Kizokuin yoran issued by the Kizokuin Jimukyoku (see Entry 1047). It is in two parts. Part A is a collection of useful laws and ordinances including the new constitution, Diet law, law of the House of Councillors, national library law, civil service law, law of the House of Representatives, imperial house law, cabinet law, finance law, accounting law, election law, and the regulations governing pay, travel, expenses, etc. of members. Part B contains biographies and photos of the present members and of the business and research staffs, and lists of members by election districts and by parties. 1069. Sangiin Jimukyoku 4 t k t 5 + } 1 (House of Councillors, Secretariat), Seigan bunshohyo t 4._ j (Table of written petitions presented), Tokyo, Sangiin Jimukyoku, July, 1947+. Irregular. A brief calendar of petitions presented to the upper house, similar in contents to the analogous calendar of the lower house (Entry 1036). 1070. Sangiin Jimukyoku A' IC -.f - AJ (House of Councillors, Secretariat), Seigan shinsa hokokusho * 4 {t *A t (Report on reviews of written petitions), Tokyo, Sangiin Jimukyoku, June, 1948+, Irregular. A report of the nature and purpose of petitions favorably entertained by appropriate committees of the upper house, together with a statement of the committee action taken. See also Entries: 938, 1031.
Elections
pp. 132-137
Page 132 CHAPTER XVI ELECTIONS Since 1890 popular elections on both the national and local levels have been an established institution in Japanese politics. The terms of the suffrage and of the laws which regulate campaigning and the administration of elections have undergone numerous and major changes, the most recent of which are associated with the introduction of universal adult suffrage and the general reform of the entire electoral system sponsored by the Allied Occupation during 1946-47. The subject of election law and administration has long been of interest to Japanese scholars and there exists a very substantial body of writings on the subject in some historical depth. It is probably safe to say, in fact, that Japanese elections in general have been more extensively and reliably documented and described than have those of any other state in Asia or, for that matter, any but a very few states outside of Asia. Despite these elaborate records, it has only been in the last few years that Japanese scholars have displayed an appreciable interest in the application of survey techniques to the study and analysis of political attitudes and electoral behavior. Definite progress is being made in this field, however, e.g. see Entries 1078, 1080, 1085 -86, and 1091. 1. Elections in General For a general history of the Japanese national electoral system the student is referred to Shugiin giin senkyoho enkakushi (Entry 1093) or to Sanseiken kakucho shiko (Entry 1073), which is concerned more specifically with enlargement of the suffrage. Beyond these, there also exist three very useful histories of general elections to the lower house of the Diet and of their results. The earliest of these in point of coverage is the Dai Nihon seisen kirokushi (Entry 1090) which describes the first (1890) through the seventeenth (1930) general elections. The several volumes of the prewar Asahi Shimbunsha's electoral series (Entry 1107) continue this story for the eighteenth (1932) through the twenty-first (1942) elections, while the last of the general elections held under the Meiji constitution-the twenty-second in 1946-and the first six under the new constitution (1947-1958) are covered by the Kokkaigiin senkyo yoran (Entry 1072). 1071. Fujisawa Rikitaro i i 471 4 i 4, Sosenkyo tokuhon.. # I ~ i; (A general election reader), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1928, 328pp. A primarily statistical analysis of returns for the 1928 general election by a noted Japanese mathematician. It gives the returns by election districts. Professor Fujisawa's observations on election administration and wide-spread corruption should also be of interest to the student of Japanese politics. 1072. Fujiwara Hirotatsu. ) A it Kokkaigiin senkyo yoran I X f |;, A (A survey of the election of Diet members), Tokyo, Kobundo, 1959. A study of all Diet elections since 1946 with major sections devoted to: the political scene at the time of each election, candidacies, party tactics, voting statistics, analysis of results, and characteristics of the election. 1073. Fusen Sanjisshunen Fujinsansei Jisshunen Kinenkai # + i-'->v A i + - e t (The Society in Commemoration of the 30th Anniversary of Universal Manhood Suffrage and the 10th Anniversary of Women's Suffrage), Sanseiken kakucho shiko & 4 Z^4 -A /L 4 (An outline history of the enlargement of the Japanese suffrage), Tokyo, Komei Senkyo Remmei, 1957, 15+338pp. A very useful summation of expansions in the suffrage from Meiji times to the achievement of universal adult suffrage in 1945. Appendices set forth the ratio of the enfranchised to total population, a list of relevant bills introduced in the Diet, and a chronology of the suffrage movement. There is also a bibliography. 1074. Isozaki Tatsugoro OA 4d F z C Senkyo seido ~_ ~,\1 ) (The election system), Kyoto, Gakurinsha, 1948, 160pp. A brief history of the development of the Japanese election system and outline of the system existing at the time of publication by a former dean of Osaka University's Law School. 1075. Jichicho Senkyobu J ~ ] i -2 4f (Local Autonomy Agency, Election Department), Komei senkyo jiho / A _~ ^ % ~ (Current news on fair elections), Tokyo, Komei Senkyo Remmei, 1952+. 3 times a month. A two-page newspaper usually featuring a talk on fair elections by an eminent political leader or scholar and other related materials. The publication is designed to familiarize the people with their electoral rights and to popularize the concept of fair elections. 1076. Jichicho Senkyobu ~ - t -f _ (Local Autonomy Agency, Election Department), Senkyo nenkan ~ 4 L (Elections yearbook), Tokyo, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, 1950+. Irregular. A very useful compendium of information on election laws, election administration, the results of elections at the national and local levels, and projects for electoral reform. Three editions seem to have been issued 132
Page 133 ELECTIONS 133 to date: the first in 1950 by the Zenkoku Senkyo Kanri Iinkai Jimukyoku (National Election Management Commission, Secretariat), and the second and third by the Local Autonomy Agency's Election Department in 1953 and 1957 respectively. The last issue is devoted to an official report of the Electoral System Research Council recommending the adoption of a small-district system. 1077. Jichicho Senkyobu X - t f -< (Local Autonomy Agency, Election Department), and Todofuken Senkyo Kanri Iinkai Rengokai I A t 0, j 0, (Federation of Prefectural Election Management Committees), Senkyo 1- S (Elections), Tokyo, Todofuken Senkyo Kanri Iinkai Rengokai, January, 1947+. Monthly. A monthly publication dealing with various problems connected with public elections. It often contains excellent articles of considerable political interest. 1078. Jichicho Senkyokyoku ] -7~ ~ 't (Local Autonomy Agency, Election Bureau), Sosenkyo no jittai ~ on n - (The actual circumstances of the general election), Tokyo, Jichicho, 1958, 117pp. This is a report of the results of a detailed study of the general election of May 12, 1958 carried out jointly by a branch of the Cabinet Secretariat and the Central Public Opinion Survey Institute. Public opinion survey methods were used and the body of the work analyzes their findings in terms of campaign activities, voting affiliation, abstention, selection of candidates, campaign funds, etc. 1079. Koizumi Matajiro ]d-, >L - Fusen undo hishi } _t f P - (Inside history of the universal suffrage movement), Tokyo, Hihyosha, 1927, 155pp. An inside account by one of its leaders of the drive for universal manhood suffrage in Japan from its origins to its achievement in 1925. 1080. Komei Senkyo Remmei 1/ A t % (The League for Fair Elections), Komei senkyo no jittai-yoronchosa kekka no gaiyo a ~ _ ) _ A _ i ~ ii t - - - (Actual conditions with respect to "fair elections"-a survey of public opinion), Tokyo, Komei Senkyo Remmei, 1958, 110pp. A summary and analysis of the results of a 1958 public opinion poll intended to reveal popular attitudes towards the "fair election" movement as well as towards voting in general. 1081. Moriguchi Shigeji - \ -s -74, Hirei daihyoho no kenkyu ab <' s: ~ j e (A study of proportional representation laws), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1925, 622pp. Proportional representation attracted a good deal of attention in Japan during the 20s, and the present book is an attempt to explain its main types by a professor emeritus of Kyoto Imperial University. 1082. Moriguchi Shigeji $ -Z, Senkyo seidoron I I \1 t (Treatise on the electoral system), Tokyo, 1931, 440pp. 1083. Naimusho 6 - '3I (Ministry of the Interior), Shugiin giin senkyo kaisei riyusho | 1 f Jl ~ - - J d 4(Statement of the reasons for reforming the election of members of the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Chuo Hotokukai, 1925. 1084. Oishi Yoshio k. 4* Kokumin tohyo A V t- t (Popular referenda), Kyoto, Seki Shoin, 1957, 293pp. A revised edition of a work originally published in 1939, emphasizing a comparative study of popular referenda in Japan and elsewhere. The author is a distinguished professor of constitutional law at Kyoto University. 1085. Royama Masamichi and associates 4,J t iL Seiji ishiki no kaibo -_ 9it j-. 3 ' e Ad (An analysis of political consciousness), Tokyo, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1949, 234pp. A pioneering study of voters' motivations and party preference based upon the general election of January, 1949. The project involved a sample of some 1500 voters resident in urban sections of Tokyo's first election district and rural sectors of the seventh. Both pre-and-post-election surveys were carried out. 1086. Royama Masamichi / W A K A, Ikai Nobushige ^ 1 i, Tsuji Kiyoaki itL_ -O, Kawahara Jikichiro "| Am. H ~ a, and Nakamura Kikuo ~ ' ~ ~ eds., Sosenkyo no jittai,. 0: <.. (A case study of a general election), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1955, 207pp. A case study of the general election of October 1, 1952 based upon a sample of 1204 voters divided between an urban portion of Tokyo's sixth election district and the village of Tsurukawa in the rural seventh district. The study included both pre- and post-election surveys and concentrated on voters' motivations and intentions, organization membership, the impact of mass media, attitudes on current issues, the respondents' actual vote, and types of influences thereon. A supplement supplies some additional information based upon the April, 1953 general election. 1087. Sekiguchi Tai M a t, Senkyo tokuhon X f ~ ~ (An election reader), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1936, 6+325pp. A clear and simply written account of all aspects of election theory and practice with particular reference to Japanese experience. Covers the theory and history of Japanese electoral practice, the system of election districts, rights of suffrage and candidacy, loss of qualifications, the cost, conduct, restrictions and control of election campaigns, absentee voting, electoral litigation, etc.
Page 134 134 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1088. Shimizu Keihachiro -A 4( f' A p Sengo Nihon no senkyo no jittai ' 4 8,. L e e.. (Electoral realities in postwar Japan), Tokyo, Kokon Shoin, 1958, 120pp. As its subtitle-,a demographic study of the small election district system and of the evils of a fixed distribution of parliamentary seats'-indicates, this is a critique by a demographer of the inequities flowing from the present electoral system. The author is particularly concerned with the growing inequality between rural and urban representation in the House of Representatives due to the law's failure to adjust for the greater increase in urban population since 1945-46. 1089. Shugiin Giin Senkyoho Chosakai f ff*i -i|A 4f (Society for the investigation of the law of election of members of the House of Representatives), Shugiin giin senkyoho ni kansuru chosa shiryo f t t* _U: Is M { 3 1 tt { (Research materials relating to the law of election of members of the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Shugiin Giin Senkyoho Chosakai, 1918, 2v. A large compilation of materials on many controversial phases of the old, pre-1925 election law. Covers suffrage, candidacy, election campaign controls, etc. with particularly good sections on several disfranchised classes and types of associations, e.g., school teachers, priests, women's political groups, etc. 1090. Yamazaki Kazuo A 1A -,, Dai Nihon seisen kirokushi it ~ $ < _ i ej _ (Documentary history of Japanese political battles), Toky6, Seisand6, 1930. A detailed account and record of the results of the first (1890) to the seventeenth (1930) general elections. 1091. Yoshimura Tadashi A t - and others, Tohyo kodo no kenkyu ~_. j f t t (A study of voting behavior), Tokyo, Waseda Daigaku Shakai Kagaku Kenkyujo, 1959, 304pp. A report of the results of a case study of the May, 1958 general election by a group of Waseda University faculty members. The work is based on a survey of Takasaki City in Gumma Prefecture and the rural town of Ushikisa in Ibaragi Prefecture. It discusses the political situation at the time of the election both in general terms and with respect to the two communities concerned, the socio-economic characteristics of the two populations, and the determinants of their voting behavior. 1092. Zenkoku Senkyo Kanri Iinkai / 1 A - k H (National Election Management Commission), Senkyoseido Kokkai shingiroku d -~I t1 P1 / * S~ (Records of deliberations in the National Diet on the election system), Tokyo, Zenkoku Senkyo Kanri Iinkai, 1951, 4v. A record of discussions on the election system held in the National Diet between 1946 and 1950 when the Public Office Election Law was enacted. 1093. Zenkoku Senkyo Kanri Iinkai Jimukyoku ~ ~1 i' j ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e J (Secretariat of the National Election Management Commission), Shugiin giin senkyoho enkakushi -/ t% f ~ Ad J -; A ~ _ (History of election laws for members of the House of Representatives), T6kyo, T6ko Shuppansha, 1948, 396pp. A chronologically arranged collection of all lower house election laws and related ordinances from 1889 to 1947. 1094. Zenkoku Shiku Senkyo Kanri Iinkai Rengokai 4 ~ ~. -H ~ - i ~ - ' ' (National Federation of City and Ward Election Management Committees), Senkyo jiho - * -. (Election review), Tokyo, Zenkoku Shiku Senkyo Kanri Iinkai Rengokai, January, 1952+. Monthly. Carries studies, judicial decisions, and other data related to municipal elections. See also Entries: 118 2. Election Law and Administration 1095. Fujino Shigenobu ju -t ~ ~, Sosenkyo no tame no koshoku senkyoho shokai,fk_ d Am - 'f ^ C -~ -A # q (A detailed explanation of the Public Office Electoral Law for general elections), Tokyo, Tokyo Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha, 1958, 197pp. A concise and practical commentary on the present Public Office Electoral Law, with special reference to actual issues arising in campaigns. The author is an official of the Bureau of Legislation of the House of Representatives. This is a companion work to the same author's Chiho senkyo no tame no atarashii senkyoho no tebiki o 5 _ e ~= ^ < - f C A % a) T 1 (Handbook of electoral law for local elections). 1096. Furui Kijitsu; 4 $ i, Senkyo hoki if - *>Jo (Election laws and regulations), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1936, 9+5+714+7pp. One of the most useful of all compendia on modern Japanese election laws of all types. Part 1 comprises a detailed article-by-article commentary on the election law of 1925 and on all the ordinances and regulations implementing that law. Part 2 performs a similar service for the laws and ordinances governing election to prefectural assemblies; Part 3 treats elections to city, town, and village assemblies; while Part 4 covers elections to those classes of membership in the House of Peers which were filled by election rather than appointment or heredity. An excellent reference work which includes the texts of all pertinent laws and ordinances.
Page 135 ELECTIONS 135 1097. Keishicho Keimubu Kikakuka f[ A I * ' ~ t X (Metropolitan Police Bureau, Police Affairs Office, Planning Section), Shugiin giin senkyoho bassoku sh-setsu f Vp.f -1 J - _ (Detailed explanation of the penal regulations of the law of election of members of the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Keishicho, 1927. 1098. Kobayashi Jinji /)- ~4: ' ', Senkyo undo torishimari kihan u k t.. - J (Standards of control for election campaigns), Tokyo, Ry6sho Fukyfkai, 1932. 1099. Minobe Tatsukichi.. k $t _ _-, Senkyoh6 gaisetsu # L -4 t gj (Outline of the election law), Tokyo, Shunjusha, 1929, 165pp. 1100. Minobe Tatsukichi ~ -) ~ t0, Senkyoh6 sh6setsu A_ -A at iA (A detailed explanation of the election laws), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1948, 248pp?' A systematic description of the contemporary election system with an historical account of the development of the relevant laws and regulations. 1101. Miyazawa Toshiyoshi 4 --, Senkyoho yori A_ - I 74 S (Principles of the election law), Tokyo, Ichigensha, 1930, 307pp. A clear and excellent account of the provisions of the election law of 1925 by a professor of law at Tokyo Imperial University. 1102. Naimusho Chihokyoku ~ ' '- 5t O1 (Ministry of the Interior, Local Government Office), Senkyo hoki gyosei jitsureishu v__ '> 7 J ' L_ t} <'1 (Illustrated compilation of the administration of election laws and regulations), Tokyo, Naimusho, 1928. 1103. Naimusho Keihokyoku J ~ X f(< (Ministry of the Interior, Police Office), Senkyoho shitsugi narabi ni hanketsurei I L -4 It 0 - 4_A 53 4t1 (Questions and leading cases relating to the election laws), Tokyo, Ryosho Fukyukai, 1930. Covers all aspects of the universal manhood suffrage law of 1925 and amendments thereto. 1104. Naimusho Keihokyoku V - AV 4d- t (Ministry of the Interior, Police Office), Senkyo jihan hanketsu yosho i $ ~ b, -id_ ~ it (Summaries of decisions on election offenses), Toky6, Choyokai, 1923. 1105. Shihosho Keijikyoku * A,; -4 /t7 (Ministry of Justice, Criminal Affairs Office), Shugiin giin senkyoho shuran {f Ad it (Handbook on the law of election of members of the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Shimizu Shoten, 1930. Includes a history and contrast of the old election law with the universal-suffrage election law of 1925, summaries of recent Supreme Court decisions in respect to the new law's penal clauses, answers to questions on the law given by the Ministries of Justice and the Interior, and a digest of leading cases on election issues and contested elections arranged according to the articles of the law. It also covers the laws governing election to prefectural assemblies. 1106. Shfigiin Jimukyoku -4 ik i _ -3 - (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Shugiin giin senkyohofu senkyoho shitsugi, * $[ -, A -0(. A- f * W '- (Questions on election laws and the law of election of members of the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1927. This is an explanation of the operation and administration of the universal-suffrage election law of 1925 drafted in terms of its first and partial application in a number of prefectural elections held on September 10, 1927. The first general election under the 1925 law was not held till February 1928. See also Entries: 985. 3. Election Statistics Both national and local elections in Japan are extraordinarily well documented. At the national level general elections of the membership of the House of Representatives have long been a major focus of popular political interest. This has been recognized by the regular publication of their results in considerable detail. The basic series concerned are those compiled by the Shugiin Jimukyoku (See Entries 1114 and 1115). The earlier of these goes back to the first general election of 1890. The volumes covering elections prior to the first universal manhood suffrage election in 1928 are quite rare, but subsequent numbers in this prewar series are readily available. The volumes in the postwar series contain unusually detailed and elaborate breakdowns of the relevant data. A similar postwar series is available for the results of House of Councillors' elections (See Entry 1113). Mention should also be made of the Jichicho Senkyobu's two statistical electoral series on the lower and upper house of the National Diet (Entries 1112 and 1111). These also are excellent. They do not substantially duplicate the series issued by the secretariats of the two houses but rather provide additional breakdowns. Starting in 1947, the Jichicho Senkyobu also publishes consolidated volumes at four year intervals on the results of prefectural, city, town, and village elections throughout the country (Entry 1110). To the writers' knowledge, this has never been done before in Japan. It is an exceptionally useful series.
Page 136 136 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1107. Asahi Shimbunsha O e f ktl A- (Asahi Newspaper Co.), Dai[ ]kai fusen sosenkyo taikan _ [ 3 W + I-, 4- - L t & (General survey of the [ ] universal-suffrage general election), Toky6 and Osaka, 1930 -37, 4v. These four volumes continue the comprehensive survey of election results initiated under a slightly different title by the following entry. They cover the second (1930) to the fifth (1937) general elections under the Election Law of 1925. All save the last include a general survey of politics since the preceding general election; the ensuing and major section of all volumes is devoted to a comparative tabulation of the names, party affiliations, party status i.e. whether or not their candidacy was officially sponsored by their party, and vote tallied by all candidates; section 3 gives photographs and biographical sketches of all successful candidates; while section 4 and the appendices set forth miscellaneous election statistics. Most of the statistics given are based on the official reports of the Home Ministry. 1108. Asahi Shimbunsha *N 0 e Y/ - (Asahi Newspaper Co.), Fusen sosenkyo taikan ~ f, J (General survey of the universal-suffrage general election), T6ky6 and Osaka, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1928, 16+ 408pp. This is one of a series of surveys of the results of the several general elections occurring between the promulgation of the new universal manhood suffrage law of 1925 and the outbreak of general warfare in the Pacific in 1941. The present entry covers the first such election, that of February 20, 1928. It was compiled by the Asahi's research staff and is based on the official statistics issued by the Home Ministry. An introductory section discusses the background, setting, and issues in the election; section 2 sets forth photographs, brief biographies, party affiliation, etc. of all victorious candidates arranged by prefectures and election districts; part 3 lists by prefectures and election districts the names, party affiliations, business, age, and vote tallied by all candidates in the election, and also indicates the geographical extent of each election district in terms of cities, cho, gun, or ku included therein; while section 4 plus a series of appendices set forth in tabular form a great variety of miscellaneous election statistics of all types and breakdowns. 1109. Asahi Shimbunsha 4d 6 } ~f ~- (Asahi Newspaper Co.), Shin Kokkai senkyo taikan f 1 t Xj (General suervey of the election of members of the new National Diet), Tokyo, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1947, 289pp. A postwar version of the above-noted prewar surveys of election results. This one sets forth the returns of the general election of April 1947 giving essentially the same data noted in the two preceding entries, but with this difference-under the 1946 Constitution the old House of Peers is replaced by a popularly elected House of Councillors (Sangiin), and the present volume covers elections to this new upper house. It also contains an analysis of the prefectural elections and those in the five largest cities-Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Kobe, and Yokohama. 1110. Jichicho Senkyobu ~ -+~ t S- f $ (Local Autonomy Agency, Election Department), Chiho senkyo kekka shirabe t -4.., tf (Survey of the results of local elections), Tokyo, Jichicho Senkyobu, 1947+. Every four years. The first edition of this series was issued by the Naimusho Chihokyoku (Ministry of the Interior, Local Affairs Office) in a consolidated volume covering the 1947 elections for the upper and lower houses of the National Diet, local assemblies, prefectural governors, and local mayors. This was entitled S6senkyo kekka shirabe. The most recent edition of this series gives general statistical information on candidates, voting, election administration, campaigning, and election offenses, plus detailed statistics in a great variety of forms on elections for prefectural assemblies and governors and the assemblies and mayors of cities, towns, and villages. A very useful series. 1111. Jichicho Senkyobu ~ X T _ t (Local Autonomy Agency, Election Department), Sangiin giin tsujO senkyo kekka shirabe ) *- VU _! ~ - S t X - (Survey of the results of regular elections of members of the House of Councillors), Tokyo, Jichich6 Senkyobu, 1954+. Irregular. This is a second and supplementary series of official reports on the results of elections to the upper house. (See also Entry 1113). It seems to have commenced with the 1953 election, but there may be earlier coverage as well. The title varies since the reports are sometimes bound in the same cover with the same agency's surveys of the results of general elections for the lower house (See Entry 1112). The tables give a less detailed and useful breakdown of the actual vote cast than does Entry 1113, but provides additional information on election administration, election offenses and suits, and detailed national analyses of the election in terms of qualified voters, abstainees, party affiliation, occupation, age, sex, absentee ballots, etc. 1112. Jichicho Senkyobu t3;A 1 I (Local Autonomy Agency, Election Department), Shugiin giin sosenkyo kekka shirabe t- ' A *. f - A-t. f~ # (Survey of the results of general elections to the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Jichicho Senkyobu, 1952+. Irregular. This is the second major series of official reports on the results of postwar general elections (See also Entry 1114). Volumes have been issued for all general elections since the 25th (1952). The title varies due to the practice of including the results of other elections within the same covers, e.g., the 1952, 1955, and 1958, volumes also include the results of popular referenda on supreme court justices, while the 1953 volume includes the results of the 3rd postwar election of members of the House House of Councillors as well as the results of the 26th general election. The contents also vary to some extent, becoming more detailed for
Page 137 ELECTIONS 137 more recent elections. They differ from Entry 1114 primarily in the absence of a detailed breakdown by voting units and candidates. They offer in place thereof a more detailed series of general analyses by such categories as candidates; voting and abstention rates; invalid ballots; special ballots; party affiliation; new, former, and continuing candidacies; age; and profession. A good deal of information on election administration, campaigns, election offenses, and election suits is also included. Appendices cover amendments to the election law, party platforms, and allied materials. 1113. Sangiin Jimukyoku A il by / 1 (House of Councillors, Secretariat), Dai [ ] kai Sangiin giin senkyo ichiran _ _C 3 /i - t f -. 3t 4 ~ - (Survey of the [ ] election of members of the House of Councillors), Tokyo, Sangiin Jimukyoku, 1950+. Irregular. This is the basic official source for information on the results of postwar elections to the upper house. A volume has been issued for each of these elections since the first in 1947 (not published until 1950). Contents vary slightly but usually include for both the local and national constituencies the following information: party affiliation, sex, age, profession, and new, continuing, or old status of all candidates; breakdown by qualified voters, votes cast, abstentions, and invalid ballots. For the local constituencies, the vote cast is broken down by: 1) candidates, showing their names, district, sex, age, party affiliation, occupation, and status as a candidate, as well as total votes polled; and 2) by prefecture, city, and gun, showing qualified electors by sex, the number of abstentions and invalid votes, total votes cast, and the number received by each candidate. For the national constituencies separate tables give similar information by candidates and by areas with an added list of candidate's names and votes arranged in the order of the kana syllabary. Other tables analyze the vote by parties and prefectures for both the local and national constituencies. 1114. Shugiin Jimukyoku A t FL - 4 7 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Dai [ ] kai Shugiin giin sosenkyo ichiran C ~ - A - f j (Survey of the [ J general election of members of the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1948+. Irregular. This is the more detailed of two major official series of reports on the results of postwar general elections. The title varies slightly from the comparable prewar series (See Entry 1115) which this continues. There is a volume for each election since the 22nd (1946). The bulk of each volume is devoted to a detailed recording of the vote on a prefecture-by prefecture basis. The results are analyzed by election districts; by cities; by gun, towns, and villages; and by individual candidates and their parties. Appendices supply breakdowns for parties, eligible voters, abstainees, voting rate, new vs. old candidates, etc. This is the single most authoritative and valuable source for election data. 1115. Shugiin Jimukyoku I t - 4 i ~ (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Shfigiin giin s6senkyo ichiran t 6 t $ - t (Survey of general elections of members of the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1890-1944[?]. Irregular. A statistical presentation of the results of each general election covering such matters as: numbers of qualified and disqualified electors, abstention figures, invalid votes, valid votes, breakdown of vote cast in terms of party results, and comparison of these results with those of earlier general elections. 1116. Shugiin Jimukyoku 47 tc A / ~7 (House of Representatives, Secretariat), Shugiin giin tosen kaisu shirabe tt- fV L _ (Study of reelection of members of the House of Representatives), Tokyo, Shugiin Jimukyoku, 1890+. Irregular. A cumulative tabular record of the number of terms served by all members of the lower house from the first to the most recent general election. The data are conveniently broken down with iroha rosters of the membership of all Diets, rosters of members' names arranged by prefecture returning them, and tables showing changes in membership for every Diet. See also Entries: 1626.
Political Parties
pp. 138-145
Page 138 CHAPTER XVII POLITICAL PARTIES The professional literature on political parties seems to be in a rather curiously unbalanced state in Japan. Parties have played a prominent role on the national, political scene since the 1870s, during which time the "conservative"t parties have consistently been by far the most important. Since 1925 in particular, left-wing or "progressive" parties of varying degrees of Marxist orientation have also played an active and conspicuous role, increasingly so since 1945. Inevitably, the generic labels used here-"conservative," and "progressive"-although obviously weighted in their implications, are those generally used in Japan. Given the consistent dominance of conservative parties, it is somewhat surprising to find a considerably smaller amount of professional literature devoted to them than to the progressive groups. In recent years, however, this situation has been changing. Recent accounts have tended to be more balanced and less strictly historical and descriptive in their orientation. Scholarly interest in what is sometimes called "practical politics" is definitely increasing in Japan. 1. Political Parties in General 1117 Aono Gon'eimon -f T 4 5 ' f], Nihon seito hensenshi ~ $ - L. _- - (History of changes in Japanese political parties), Tokyo, Ankusha, 1935, 10+346pp. A very useful reference on the development of all Japanese political parties from the Aikokuk6to in 1874 to the Shakai Taishuto in 1932. It is primarily a compilation of the texts of party programs, pronouncements, policy statements, the speeches of party leaders, etc. showing the way in which these have adapted themselves to changing political circumstances. The work is chronologically arranged. 1118. Asahi Shimbun Seito Kishadan 0 9 j] jL,$ 4t (Asahi Press Political Party Reporter's Club), Seito nenkan.X_, ~ - (Yearbook of political parties), Tokyo, Nyususha, 1947+. Annual. This series was initiated in 1947 by a group called the Parliamentary Politics Research Society (Gikai Seiji Kenkyukai) and taken over in 1948 by the above-cited group from the Asahi Press. The first issue covers the period August, 1945 to October, 1946, and succeeding issues cover roughly annual spans since then. The contents are divided into a general survey of the political scene and a detailed treatment of each political party. It seems probable that the series ceased publication with the 1949 issue. 1119. Hayashida Kametaro iAC V C -, Nihon seitoshi a C J_ (History of Japanese political parties), Tokyo, Dai Nihon Yubenkai Kodansha, 1927, 2v. A standard but rather mediocre reference on the subject which covers the field in great factual detail but is very weak on analysis and critical comment. It treats only the post-Restoration period from 1867 to 1926. Its value as a source of factual information is enhanced by frequent and extensive quotations from party programs, policy statements, and the speeches of party leaders. It devotes some attention to the rise of proletarian parties. The appended rosters of membership in all cabinets and of party membership in the House of Representatives are useful. 1120. Inoki Masamichi 4 2 - A- ed., Nihon no nidai seito - e >; &1L t j (The two-party system in Japan), Kyoto, Horitsu Bunkasha, 1956, 317pp. A collection of essays on the problems and prospects of Japan's two major political parties, the Liberal Democratic and Socialist, formed in the fall of 1955. 1121. Maejima Sh6z6o ~ A X - Nihon seito seiji no shiteki bunseki E tk "_, _ ~ -) 4 S- (Historical analysis of Japanese party politics), Ky6to, H6ritsu Bunkasha, 1954, 340pp. An attempt to analyze the historical relationships existing between Japanese political parties and financial circles on the one hand and the country's involvement in the Sino-Japanese, Russo-Japanese and First World Wars on the other. 1122. Masumi Junnosuke 4t " I i- "Nihon seito shiron [joron] ~ {- a M i 1 (On Japanese political parties [an introduction])," Shiso, August, 1958+. A lengthy series of articles by an assistant professor of Tokyo Toritsu Daigaku which will undoubtedly appear in book form upon its completion. They describe the development of political parties in Japan for a period of approximately forty years beginning in 1877. The emphasis is on changes in party organization and the changes which the growth of the party system brought to the Japanese political system as a whole from 1877 to mid-Taisho. The introductory section also provides an international setting for this story in terms of party developments in the West. 138
Page 139 POLITICAL PARTIES 139 1123. Minobe Tatsukichi t;/t 4 A- I, Kempo to seito r X (The constitution and political parties), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1934, 235pp. 1124. Nagai Toru ~c 4 T Nihon seitoron ~ ~ C- t ~ (On Japanese political parties), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1927, 286pp. An early sociological analysis of the Japanese party system stressing their class bases, ideological backgrounds, social functions, and relations with the bureaucracy. Some comparison with European and American parties is also involved. 1125. Oi Kazuaki I ~ - #, Kensei o hakai suru seito seiji & i_ L ~- ~ ~ K _ (t - (Party politics, the ruination of constitutional government), T6ky6, Nihon Shakai Mondai Kenkyujo, 1932, 7+247pp. The author considers the nation's best interests to be incompatible with the existence of party government. He is an advocate of kodo and here states his case against political parties and denounces their governmental, organizational, and financial shortcomings, their connections with the Zaibatsu, etc. 1126. Osatake Takeki )j 4it-, Seito no hattatsu FL ~c ~ ~ ~ (The development of political parties), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1933, 85pp. A brief but valuable account of the early history of Japanese political parties which concentrates on developments during the 1870s. It assembles a good deal of out-of-the-way information on the organization and policies of the Aikokukoto, Risshisha, Aikokusha, and several other even more obscure political groups. 1127. Royama Masamichi "i A RL __ ed., Seito B- j (Political parties), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1954, 236pp. A good general introduction to the subject of political parties which treats them in comparative and theoretical terms as well as describing their structure and functions. Major sections are devoted to: the nature and problems of political parties, their organization and functions, parties and power, Japanese political parties, and political parties in foreign countries. 1128. Shiroki Masayuki1 - - - Nihon seitoshi, Showahen ~, - W A ~ (History of Japanese political parties: the Showa era), Tokyo, Chuo K6ronsha, 1949, 327pp. An account of the development and decline of political parties in Japan during the period 1926-1940. Major sections are devoted to the period of party cabinets, the period of party decline, and the period of military control. 1129. Suzuki Yasuzo 4 -f Kindai Nihon seitoshi iFLOG<' A }? " ~_ (History of political parties in modern Japan), Tokyo, Kawade Shob6, 1954, 231pp. A brief history of Japanese political parties from their origins in early Meiji times to the general dissolution of parties in 1940. Their failure in prewar Japan is attributed to the dominance of the professional bureaucracy and the corruption of party leadership. 1130. Tagawa Daikichiro f ' A, Seito oyobi seitoshi KI Ij - K t 3(Political parties and their histories), Tokyo, Seiji Kyoiku Kyokai, 1929. 1131. Takahashi Seigo k i A4 -*, Gendai no seito A, X- L (Contemporary political parties, Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1930, 520pp. An excellent account of the origins, development, organization, and activities of contemporary political parties by one of Japan's most reputable political scientists. An appendix surveys the platforms of these parties. 1132. Tanaka S6gor6 0 t p- a ip Nihon no seit6 ~ # T &. (Japanese political parties), Osaka, Sogensha, 1953, 164pp. A brief history of "conservative,, and "progressive,, political parties in Japan concentrating on pre-World War II and wartime developments. Postwar history is dealt with only in summary terms. See also Entries: 535, 590, 591, 1735. 2. Conservative Political Parties a. Works about "Conservative" Parties 1133. Hida Takushi g& u - a1 Seito kobo gojunen dic._ 4 0o. (Fifty years with the political parties), Kokkai Tsushinsha, 1955, 462pp. A personal account of fifty years association with the conservative political parties by a former member of the House of Representatives. 1134. Ishikawa Ryoichi i "1 ~' -, Minken Jiyuto shi Yj 4 u. ~- (History of the Minken Jiyuto), Tokyo, Minken Jiyutoshi Shuppan Kyokai, 1929. The Minken Jiyuto (literally, the "party of civil rights and freedom" but frequently called the "liberal party") flourished from about 1881 to 1898 and eventually developed into the Seiyiikai.
Page 140 140 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1135. Itagaki Shinsuke t j 5 A, Kono Jiyuto o2 1. (This Liberal Party!), Tokyo, Rironsha, 1952, 2v. An exposure of corruption and irregularities within the postwar Liberal Party (Jiyuto). 1136. Itagaki Taisuke k* t h, Jiyutoshi Y 47.. ~- (History of the Jiyuto), Tokyo, Goshado, 1910, 2v. (Reprinted by the Aoki Shoten, Tokyo, 1956, 3v.) An invaluable source of information on the history of the Jiyit6 and of politics in general during the 1870s, 80s and 90s. Count Itagaki, who formed and led the Jiyuto, did not actually write this book, but supervised the work of Uda Tomoi and Wada Saburo. It is particularly valuable for the rare documents, letters, memorials, and speeches of important statesmen which are reprinted in the text. Also gives interesting information on the sources of the party's income. The sections on the Korean crisis, the Aikokusha and Aikokukoto, and the growing rift between government and anti-government political parties are particularly good. 1137. Kanseikaishi Hensanjo, L - t- 4, 4 X (Institute for the Compilation of a History of the Kenseikai), Kenseikaishi -- c -_ (History of the Kenseikai), Tokyo, Kenseikaishi Hensanjo, 1926, 197pp. A detailed and partisan history of the Kenseikai (1915-27), the party which developed into the Minseito. Treatment is centered on events in the Diet and on the political history of the Taisho era viewed from the party' s standpoint. 1138. Kida Yasuo L ~ - ~, Minseito soran Oj A..- Y (Survey of the Minseito), Tokyo, Minseito Soran Hensanjo, 1931, 26+5+466pp. A partisan but detailed and useful history of the Minseito from the formation of the Wakatsuki Cabinet and the 52nd Session of the Diet (1926) to the 57th Diet and the second general election (1930). A straight chronological treatment which devotes considerable attention to personalia and contemporary political issues. 1139. Kobayashi Yugo 4 4 -, Rikken seiyuikaishi L - *t 4z _ (History of the Rikken Seiyukai), Tokyo, Rikken Seiyukaishi Hensambu, 1924-26, 4v. The Seiyukai, like most of the other major political parties, sponsored the publication of several official and semi-official party histories. This is one of the latter. The volumes are divided chronologically, volume 1 covering the period of Prince Ito's presidency of the party, volumes 2-3 that of Saionji's, and volume 4 that of Hara Takashi. It thus covers party history from 1900 to 1921. The work is incomplete. 1140. Moriwaki Umaki - ~ X f, Minseito no seisaku ey ~ 6. e K t (Policies of the Minseito), Tokyo, Bummei Shoin, 1929, 3+3+280pp. An explanation of the Minseito's views and stands on a number of important political problems of the time, e.g. disarmament, the gold standard, farm tenancy problems, etc. 1141. Nishino Yuji a t J ', Rikken seiyukai nempyo; | - K ~ K (Chronology of the Seiyukai), Tokyo, by the author, 1921. 1142. Oyama Iwao - iJ-\, Shin hoshushugi no keisei ~ 4i ~ - i'? t (Development of a new conservatism), Tokyo, Sogo Bunkasha, 1957, 5+7+587pp. A collection of the author's essays written during the postwar period and setting forth what he regards as enlightened and realistic conservative viewpoints on a number of major issues. He groups these into sections on thought and ideas, communism, a free economy, problems of peace and security, and politics. The author is an official of the Liberal Democratic Party and has been prominently associated with several politically conservative journals. 1143. Rikken Minseitoshi A ~ '/ d-. - (History of the Minseito), Tokyo, Rikken Minseitoshi Hensankyoku, 1935, 2v. An official history devoted largely to party personalia and a highly partisan account of party accomplishments. 1144. Seiyuhonto Shihensan Jimusho t $ -' t, * -f ~ f (Compilation Bureau of the Seiyuhont6shi), Seiyuhontoshi b i $ -L - - (History of the Seiyuhonto), Tokyo, Seiyuhonto Shihensan Jimusho, 1927. 1145. Seiyukai sanjugonenshi K - - - ~ X _ (History of 35 years of the Seiyukai), Tokyo, Seiyukai Sanjugonenshi Hensambu, 1935, 465pp. 1146. Watanabe Tsuneo -: ~- _- _ d -, Habatsu -XK (Factions), Tokyo, Kobundo, 1958, 235pp. A semi-popular and very useful account of the factional substructure of the Liberal Democratic Party by a Yomiuri reporter. Emphasis is placed upon the personal and practical aspects of factions rather than upon policy issues. See also Entry: 1224.
Page 141 POLITICAL PARTIES 141 b. Publications of Conservative Parties 1147. Jiyu Minshuto 9 / j, % (Liberal Democratic Party), Jiyu minshu ( * }t- (Liberal democracy), Tokyo, Jiyu Minshuto Hombu, 1956+. 3 times a month. The official organ of the Liberal Democratic Party, published on the 5th, 15th, and 25th of every month in newspaper form. 1148. Jiyu Minshuto ~ ~ v ~ ~ (Liberal Democratic Party), Waga to no kihon yoko K \ " ) * 1;. (Fundamental principles of our party), Tokyo, Jiyu Minshuto Hombu, 1957, 77pp. An official statement of the party's history, program, and policies. The organizational and procedural rules of the party are appended. 1149. Jiyu Minshuto Seimu Chosakai ~ V / i K -# - (Liberal Democratic Party, Political Affairs Research Council), Seicho panfuretto ~; i /~o ^? 7V-/ F (Political research pamphlets), Tokyo, Jiyu Minshuto Seimu Chosakai, 1957+. Irregular. A series of public information pamphlets published by the party. The first six were devoted to such subjects as: 1) The two worlds and Sweden, 2) Education for whom? 3) Outline of the policies of the (U.S.) Republican and Democratic Parties, 4) Critique of the Socialist Party, 5) Changes in world trends, and 6) Outline of an agricultural cooperative insurance system. Individual pamphlets run up to 200 pages in length. 1150. Jiyu Minshuto Seimu Chosakai ] O Hv,~. f K # 't (Liberal Democratic Party, Political Affairs Research Council), Seicho shiuho ~L_ ~ - (Political research weekly), Tokyo, Jiyu Minshut6 Seimu Ch6sakai, 1957+. Weekly. An official party publication intended primarily for internal distribution. It provides information about the current activities and accomplishments of the party's various departments, bureaus, and committees. 1151. Jiyu Minshuto Seimu Chosakai ( ~ v ~, By - t (Liberal Democratic Party, Political Affairs Research Council), Seisaku gepp6o KC $ 4- (Monthly policy review), Tokyo, Jiyu Minshut6 Seimu Chosakai, February, 1956+. Monthly. An official publication of the Liberal Democratic Party setting forth the party's views and policies on current political problems. 1152. Saiken * i_ (Reconstruction), Tokyo, Jiyuto, March 1947+[?]. Monthly. The official organ of the Liberal Party (Jiyuto), devoted to partisan pleading for and descriptions of the party's policies and actions and to sharp criticism of the stands of its political rivals. 3. Left-wing or "Progressive" Political Parties a. Works about "Progressive" Parties 1153. Aso Hisashi I ' f~, Nihon musan seito undo ~ ~ -..,a. %- At (The proletarian party movement in Japan), Tokyo, 1927. 1154. Fujioka Junkichi j E -i t ed., Nihon kyosanto teze v; -{ -f " (The programs of the Japanese Communist Party), Tokyo, Seiki Shob6, 1951, 319pp. A compilation of Communist Party programs (theses) from the original one of 1922 to the adoption of the new line in 1950. 1155. Hirose Ken'ichi l 7 {L --, Saha Shakaito no jittai 4K 4- f, e e (The actual circumstances of the left-wing Socialist Party), Tokyo, Taishusha, 1955, 227+18pp. A discussion of the development of the left-wing Socialist Party from 1951 to 1955 by a prominent labor leader. 1156. Ichikawa Shoichi f "1 -, Nihon Kyosanto toso shoshi ~ ~ -o i % t t /' (A short history of the struggles of the Japan Communist Party), Kiryu, Akatsuki Shoin, 1946, 214pp. A very useful official communist account of party history from July, 1922 to the great police roundups of party members during 1929. The work is based in large part on information which emerged during the 1931 trials of communist leaders. 1157. Iwasaki Shoten Henshubu X t t. - % - (Editorial Staff of the Iwasaki Publishing House), Nihon Kyosanto no hoshin 4 4 t ~. e a i (The course of the Japan Communist Party), Tokyo, Iwasaki Shoten, 1955, 187pp. Part I is a compilation of documents relating to the course of the Japan Communist Party including the text of resolutions adopted by the 6th National Conference of 1955. Part II is devoted to a collection of generally sympathetic but critical statements thereon by a group of prominent Japanese intellectuals. 1158. Kamiyama Shigeo * d-t', Nihon kakumei koryo ronso e 4f ~ (Platform controversies with respect to the revolution in Japan), T6ky6, Shink6 Shuppansha, 1957.
Page 142 142 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1159. Koyama Hirotake /4J -, g4 /I, Nihon shihonshugi ronso no gendankai 0 i A t IC - I (Present status of the controversies on Japanese capitalism), Toky6, Aoki Shoten, 1957. 1160. Koyama Hirotake /- A- ff _, Sengo Nihon Kyosantoshi a 4 ~ 4 t~. L_ (History of the postwar Japan Communist Party), Kyoto, Sangatsu Shobo, 1958, 238pp. A highly critical examination of the history of the Japanese Communist Party from 1945 to 1948 by the director of the Institute of Social, Economic, and Labor Research (Shakai Keizai Rodo Kenkyujo). A chronology of party history from September, 1945 to July, 1958 is appended. 1161. Kuruma Yasushi ~ I3, Musan seito koshinfu k f L AtX (Record of the progress of proletarian political parties), Tokyo, Chuseido, 1930. 1162. Miura Tsutomu 5 4' v -, Kyosanto A- i % (The Communist Party), Tokyo, Seishun Shuppansha, 1956, 228pp. A sympathetic but critical analysis of the Communist Party of Japan. 1163. Murakami Kanji t J; -, Nihon Kyosanto ~; 4 - %. (The Japan Communist Party), Tokyo, Hobunsha, 1956, 254pp. The author is an Asahi reporter specializing on the Japan Communist Party for ten years. 1164. Nikkan Rodo Tsushinsha 0 SzJ ({ - 4- %b- (Daily Labor News Agency), Sengo Nihon kyosanshugi undo k s a; ~ - A (Communist movements in postwar Japan), Tokyo, Nikkan R6d6 Tsdshinsha, 1955, 760pp. A descriptive and factual account of ten years of Communist Party activity in postwar Japan (1945-55). There are separate sections on party organization, activities, expansion of the party apparatus, party connections with the Korean minority in Japan, etc. 1165. Noguchi Yoshiaki! r tk 0 1, Musan undo soto shiden fu Nihon shakai undoshi, J A ~. - 4/ V,- i t-, X o _ (Biographical sketches of all fighters for the proletarian movement with appended history of Japanese social movements), Tokyo, Shakai Shiso Kenkyujo, 1931, 449pp. A very useful biographical dictionary of men prominent in the proletarian movement. Each of the 200-odd biographical sketches included runs to a page and a half or two pages and contains a good deal of valuable political information. The final 130 pages are devoted to a history of Japanese social movements including labor unions, peasant unions, proletarian political parties, and the socialist movement. An appendix contains a chronology of Japanese social movements and a directory of important proletarian organizations. 1166. Ripotosha '1 - F i-, Musan seito no enkaku gensei - ~ ~ X ); 1 ~ ~ (History and present circumstances of proletarian political parties), T6kyo, Ripotosha, 1929. 1167. Shakai shugi - /k k - (Socialism), iTokyo, Shakai Shugikyokai, December 1897-[?]. Monthly. One of the most important primary sources for the study of the origins of Japanese socialism. 1168. Shakai Undo Shiryo Kankokai Ad 4 f X t < \ (Association for Publication of Data on Social Movements), Nihon Kyosanto shiryo taisei ~; $. K t (Materials concerning the Japan Communist Party), Tokyo, Odosha Shoten, 1951, 453pp. A collection of communist programs, documents and statements from the party's reorganization in October, 1945 to the going underground of its leaders in June, 1950. 1169. Shiga Yoshio 4 4 t-, Nihon kakumei undo no gunzo 0 - ~ At S ) ~ 1t (Leading figures in Japanese revolutionary movements), Tokyo, Godo Shuppansha, 1956, 239pp. A work in three parts by an outstanding leader of the Communist Party: 1) major characters in the history of Japan's revolutionary movement; 2) martyrs of the emancipation movement in Japan; and 3) sketches of Japanese revolutionary movements. 1170. Shiga Yoshio 6 I t -, Nihon kakumei undoshi no hitobito V <;: Z (Leading characters in the history of the Japanese revolutionary movement), T6ky6, Gyomeisha, 1948, 225pp. Biographical sketches of a number of leading socialists with much incidental information on the modern socialist movement itself. 1171. Tokuda Kyuichi 4t ~ -' 4 _, and Shiga Yoshio * t t /, Gokuchu juhachinen k' t, /o (Eighteen years in prison), Tokyo, Otsuki Shoten, 1955, 167pp. The prison memoirs of two of the most prominent leaders of the Japan Communist Party. 1172. Tsukui Tatsuo A- t / A, Uyoku kaigan-Chukyo to Nikkyo, ~ ~1 / - 8% tBk (For the enlightenment of the Right Wing-the Chinese and the Japanese Communist Parties), Tokyo, Takubunkan, 1956, 222pp. A discussion of these parties, their activities, and significance from a liberal rightwing viewpoint.
Page 143 POLITICALPATE 143 1173. Ueda Koichiro -b W P -- t, Sengo kakumei ronsoshi ~' ' * $ _ (A history of postwar controversies on the revolution), Tokyo, Otsuki Shoten, 1957, 2v. 1174. Yabe Teiji. -~ " -/ ed., Magarikado ni kita Shakaito ') 9: - '- k A - (The Socialist Party at the crossroads), Tokyo, Shin Kigensha, 1957, 234pp. Six essays criticizing the extreme left-wing tendencies of the Socialist Party and "Sohyo" (The General Council of Trade Unions). All agree that the Party should abandon the "class party" doctrine in favor of a more truly national status. The editor is a well-known political scientist. 1175. Yamakawa Hitoshi > L Il t, R6do kaikyu no seito i ~. 4 St ) K %. (Parties of the working classes), Tokyo, Rodo Bunkasha, 1949, 150pp. A semipopular account of the many problems confronting a proletarian political party in Japan, by a wellknown former communist. 1176. Yamakawa Hitoshi A t1) 1, Shakaishugi seito no hanashi >D A v- K. ' (The story of socialist political parties), T6kyo, Itagaki Shoten, 1949, 487pp. A revised edition of an earlier (1931) work by this onetime communist leader. Part I discusses socialist parties abroad; Part II traces the development of Japanese proletarian parties; while Part III is devoted to the practical problems besetting such parties. 1177. Yamazaki Hiroshi LL- *, Nihon Shakaito junenshi a ~ - '. -it t- (A ten-year history of the Japanese Socialist Part), Tokyo, Taibunkan, 1956, 262pp. A general history of the postwar Japanese Socialist Party from its establishment in 1946 through its split, to the party reunification in the fall of 1955. The account reflects the views of the right-wing socialist faction. 1178. Yanada Hiroyoshi, ~ 7V A, Nihon Shakaito [ -, s \. (The Japanese Socialist Party), Tokyo, Hobunsha, 1956, 297pp. The author describes objectively the rise and growth of proletarian parties in prewar Japan and the postwar development of Japanese socialism. Appended are the platform of the Socialist Party, resolution of the Socialist International, a chronology of postwar socialist parties, and a list of leading members of the Party. See also Entries: 402, 1224, 1272. b. Publications of Left-wing Political Parties 1179. Akahata ~. 4 (Red flag), Higoho jidai no Nihon Kyosanto chuo kikanshi t, ) 4 ~. I. * ~4, eJ (The central organ of the Japanese Communist Party during its illegal period), Kyoto, San Ichi Shobo, 1954, 4v. A useful collection of clandestine issues of the Party's newspaper. A chronology of Akahata's publication record from January, 1928 to December, 1935 is appended to volume 4. (See also Entry 1185). 1180. Chosa jiho *; it 0- (Research bulletin), Tokyo, Kyosanto Chosabu, 1946-[?]. An official organ of the Japan Communist Party, edited by Nozaka Sanzo, which deals with economic, political, labor, and social questions. 1181. Fujin no koe - /A )2 ' - (Women's Voice), Tokyo, Fujin no Koe Sha, October, 1953+. Monthly. A periodical designed for socialist women. It is closely but not officially related to the Women's Section of the Socialist Party. Each issue is normally devoted to a particular topic or problem. 1182. Minshu Shakaishugi Remmei /t i-/* s - k k- 1- (Democratic Socialist Federation), Minshu shakaishugi / } — 4 - ~- k (Democratic socialism), Tokyo, Shakai Shichosha, May, 1953+. Monthly. The publication of a right-wing socialist group. Royama Masamichi is among its regular contributors. 1183. Nihon Kyosanto a $ 8 t. (Japan Communist Party), Hitsudoku kihon bunken X, / ~ f C A' (Essential reading), Tokyo, Sundaisha, 1953, 2v. A collection of basic reading for party members. 1184. Nihon Kyosanto 0 5 4k t, (Japan Communist Party), Nihon Kyosanto koryo mondai bunkenshu ~ f - X % AAt el At~ S_. t' (Collection of materials concerning platform problems of the Japan Communist Party), Tokyo, Aoki Shoten, 1957, 2v. Since World War. II the Japan Communist Party has been engaged more or less continuously in a series of intra-party controversies which often centered about the proper wording and emphasis for the Party's platform. The present work collects much of the relevant material. 1185. Nihon Kyosanto Chuo Iinkai 0 t..- (Central Committee of the Japan Communist Party), Akahata A, 4. (Red flag), Tokyo, Kyosanto Chuo Iinkai, February 1, 1928+. Daily.
Page 144 144 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE This is the official newspaper of the Japan Communist Party. Publication has been interrupted on several occasions since 1928. Publication was suspended from February 20, 1935 to October 20, 1945, a period when practically all of the party's leaders were either in jail or abroad. Again publication was banned by SCAP on June 9, 1950 and not openly resumed until May 1, 1952. During such suspensions clandestine issues were quite frequently published under the same or different names. (See Entry 1179). 1186. Nihon Kyosanto Chuo Iinkai 0 $ - f,' t - - t ' (Japan Communist Party, Central Committee), Nihon Kyosanto gojunen mondai shiryoshu i t At j, k- ] 2 M t * # (Collection of data concerning the 1950 crisis in the Japan Communist Party), Tokyo, Shin Nihon Shuppansha, 1957, 3v. A chronologically arranged official compilation of materials relating to the crisis occasioned within the Japan Communist Party by the shift in the international line in 1950. Vol. 1 covers the period January-May, 1950; Vol. II June, 1950-February, 1951; and vol. III March-October, 1951. 1187. Nihon Kyosanto Chuo Iinkai 8 - Tut 0 b 4; ~ (Japan Communist Party, Central Committee), Zen'ei I; t (Vanguard), Tokyo, Nihon Kyosanto Chuo Iinkai, January, 1928+. Monthly. An official publication of the Party devoted largely to longer and more theoretical considerations of political, economic, and party affairs. 1188. Nihon Kyosanto Chuo Iinkai Senden Kyoikubu; a 4t 4. 4~ ~ 4 ~ o & l e- (Japan Communist Party, Central Committee, Propaganda and Education Department), Nihon Kyosanto ketsugi ketteishu ~ f8 4 f/. -i tA',. i * (Collection of resolutions and decisions of the Japan Communist Party), T6kyo, Nihon Kyosanto Chuo Iinkai Shuppambu, 1956, 2v. A collection of the Party's statements, resolutions, and slogans since its sixth national conference in July, 1955. 1189. Nihon Kyosanto Chuo Iinkai Senden Kyoikubu 8; 4 h tv A4 (Japan Communist Party, Central Committee, Propaganda and Education Department), Nihon Kyosanto koryoshu; $X 4.. it j (Collection of platforms of the Japan Communist Party), Tokyo, Shin Nihon Shuppansha, 1957, 301pp. A useful collection of the Party's platforms between 1920 and 1955. 1190. Nihon Kyosanto Chuo Iinkai Senden Kyoiku Chosabu a ~ j. ' /8 $t * t (Japan Communist Party, Central Committee, Publicity, Education, and Research Division), Nihon Kyosanto no seisaku ~ k t, # e Af (Policies of the Communist Party of Japan), Tokyo, Godo Shuppansha, 1956, 272pp. An explanation of the party's policies since its sixth national conference (July, 1955), couched in question and answer form. 1191. Nihon Kyosanto Chuo Kikanshi Henshu linkai 8; i!,. * -..t..t 4 A (Japan Communist Party, Central Organ Editorial Committee), Sekai seiji shiryo, & _ -? (Data on world politics), Tokyo, Nihon Kyosanto, 1956+. Semi-monthly. A review of major developments on the world scene analyzed from the Party's standpoint. 1192. Nihon Kyosanto Senden Kyoikubu / / AX 4 | Sl4 t -X (Japan Communist Party, Propaganda and Education Department), Nihon Kyosanto ketsugi ketteishu san a0 J, t 4; -~ - t 3 (Collection of resolutions and decisions of the Japan Communist Party, No. 3), T6kyo, Shin Nihon Shuppansha, 1957, 352pp. Part I assembles resolutions and decisions adopted between September 12, 1956 and September 29, 1957. Part II compiles statements and slogans issued between September 21, 1956 and July 26, 1957. A supplement contains other major communist statements published since the 6th national conference of July, 1955. 1193. Nihon Kyosantoshi Shiryo Iinkai 8 5 A0 t. 4k (Committee on Materials for a History of the Japan Communist Party), Kominterun, Nihon mondai ni kansuru hoshinsho ketsugishu r. >i 7- A k/, i ] -l t t.v ~ -T/tf % * ~ (The Comintern, a collection of policy statements and resolutions concerning Japanese problems), Tokyo, Gogatsu Shobo, 1954, 196pp. A very useful compendium of Comintern documents which includes such items as the 1922 draft platform of the JCP, the 1927 program with respect to the imperial system, the 1932 program on imperialism and war, and Nozaka's letter of 1936 clarifying popular front tactics. 1194. Nihon Shakaito $ gt (Japanese Socialist Party), Dai jusankai teiki taikai ketteishu /i3 1 [A< A z J[ ~ (Collection of decisions of the thirteenth regular convention), T6ky6, Nihon Shakaito Shuppambu, 1957, 2v. This is perhaps the most authoritative statement of the recent program and policies of the Japanese Socialist Party, Volume 1 traces the history of the party and its organization, describes the activities of all sections of the party organization, and sets forth the party's platform and rules. Volume 2 outlines the party's five year plan for economic reconstruction; states party policies on such issues as a general election, agriculture and forestry, small and medium industries, and fisheries; and describes socialist activities with respect to local assemblies in 1957.
Page 145 POLITICAL PARTIES 145 1195. Nihon Shakaito 6; - A. (Japanese Socialist Party), Gekkan Shakaito l 'j 4 * (The Socialist Party Monthly), Tokyo, Nihon Shakaito, June, 1957+. Monthly. An official publication devoted to Socialist Party activities, plans, and policies. 1196. Shakai shicho 4 fj - -; (Currents of social thought), T6kyo, Shakaito, February 1947-[?]. Monthly. An official organ of the Socialist Party. It is devoted to general analyses of the current political and social scene and to explanations or comment, sometimes critical, on the Party's policies. 1197. Shakai shimpo 4 ' 4& } (Socialist news), Tokyo, Nihon Shakaito, 1951+. Three times a month. This is an official organ of the Japanese Socialist Party published in newspaper form on the 5th, 15th, and 25th of each month, with occasional extra numbers as circumstances warrant. The history of this publication requires some notice. During the immediate postwar years it was known as the Nihon shakai shimbun a, - A $ 1 (Japanese socialist newspaper). When the Socialist Party split in 1951, the left-wing socialist group began to publish their own organ, known as T6katsud5o 0 & * (Party activities), while the organ of the right-wing socialists continued to be known as the Nihon shakai shimbun. With the reunification of the two wings in October, 1955, these separate publications were combined into the present Shakai shimpo. Despite the party's reunification, however, the two wings continue to support separate organs as well. The former left-wing faction continues today, in cooperation with Sohyo (The General Council of Japanese Trade Unions), to publish the Tokyo taimusu t, 9 4 i A. and the Osaka taimusu j k 9 4 A A, while the former right-wing faction publishes a separate paper under the old name of Nihon shakai shimbun 1198. Shakaishugi Kyokai - P - tf' 4]\ 3 (Socialist Association), Shakaishugi NA / -, (Socialism), Tokyo, Shakaishugi Kyokai, September, 1951+. Monthly. The private organ of a left-wing socialist group led by Ouchi Hyoe and Yamakawa Hitoshi. 1199. Tokuda Kyuichi <~- ~ X - Kokkai enzetsushu (ichi) /. ~(1-) (Collection of speeches in the National Diet No. 1), Tokyo, Shinrisha, 1949, 280pp. The work collects the late secretary of the Communist Party's speeches delivered in the National Diet between June 24, 1946 and December 23, 1948. 1200. Tokuda Kyuichi f- X.' Naigai josei to Nihon Kyosanto no nimmu 1L 4 * r q ~$ ~.ft (Conditions at home and abroad and the tasks of the Japan Communist Party), T6ky6, Shinrisha, 1949, 287pp. A collection of reports made by the late secretary of the JCP between 1945 and 1948.
Socio-Economic Structure and Socio Political Groups and Movements
pp. 146-159
Page 146 CHAPTER XVIII SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND SOCIO-POLITICAL GROUPS AND MOVEMENTS Professional literature in this broad field goes back at least as far as the 1890s in Japan, e.g. Yokoyama Gennosuke's Nihon no kaso shakai (Entry 1221). Its subsequent development has, however, been rather curiously unbalanced. It would perhaps not be unfair to say that most prewar writing about Japanese social structure or social stratification tended to fall into two major categories: the nativist or ultranationalist which was usually not professional in the scholarly sense of the term, or the Marxist. Although regarded with official suspicion and occasionally suppressed, it was the Marxist view of society and social classes which gradually became most prominent in academic writings in this field, especially after World War I. Non-Marxist approaches to the study of social structure of European or American provenance were known and espoused by some Japanese scholars, but they probably did not constitute a major school or trend of development until after World War II. In this connection it should be noted that there has been far more scholarly concern in Japan with the study of the economic history and general theory of social structure and social stratification than with the means by which social groups attempt to realize their various aims politically speaking. The systematic study of political interest and pressure groups is just beginning in Japanese universities. The same is true of "elite studies" in the contemporary American sense of the term, although in somewhat lesser degree. A great deal of material-and some systematic analysis-bearing upon Japanese elites is implicit within the voluminous bio-historical literature (See Chapter VI, Section 6), and the writings about political parties (Chapter XVII), public opinion (Chapter XIX), the bureaucracy (Chapter XX), and military affairs (Chapter XXI). In more general fashion, students interested in the literature listed below should also bear in mind its close relationship with the works described in Chapter X, and should cross-check with these. For convenience of reference the following works have been classified under ten headings: 1) socio-economic structure; 2) socialism and social movements; 3) nationalism, fascism, and right-wing movements; 4) labor and labor movements; 5) agriculture, rural society, and agrarian movements; 6) business groups and movements; 7) student, teacher, and intellectual groups and movements; 8) women's groups and movements; 9) religious groups and movements; and 10) the "burakumin" or eta movement. No attempt is made to cover all facets of these groups or movements. Our interest is focussed upon the political dimensions-of their activities. 1. Socio-Economic Structure and Groups in General This section lists works on socio-economic structure, social groups, or interest groups treated in a general Japanese context or at least in a frame of reference too broad to permit their inclusion in one of the more specific categories which follow. 1201. Arisawa Hiromi M t 4 t ed., Nihon no seikatsu suijun 0; -) $ t (Standards of living in Japan), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1954, 322pp. A nationwide study of Japanese standards of living. 1202. Fujisawa Hiromitsu # -4/ %,_ Chiho shotoshi no seitai -^ 7 A' / I - - (The ecology of small regional cities), Tokyo, Norinsho Nogyo Sog6 Kenkyujo, 1958, 342pp. Part I is devoted to a sociological analysis of urbanization and small regional cities in general while Part II is a detailed and factual description of Fuji Yoshida City in Yamanashi Prefecture. Emphasis is placed on the process of urbanization particularly as it affects the transition from traditional Japanese rural community status to a more modern and urbanized status. 1203. Fukutake Tadashi I A; i ed., Nihon no shakai;2 ~ - 'A (Japanese society), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1957, 270pp. A series of essays by ten specialists which constitute an excellent introduction to the study of the structure and relationships of Japanese society. 1204. Gendai Nihon no shakai chizu 4 4T h i ) e - J S A ( (A social map of present-day Japan), a special issue of Keizai Hyoron f - t # * (August, 1959), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1959, 198pp. This is a special issue of this well-known "progressively-oriented" journal of economics devoted to a series of articles written in an attempt to sketch a sort of social profile of contemporary Japan. Among those of political interest are the following: the transformation of the working classes in the postwar period, changes in management organization and technological reforms, the living conditions of the urban middle class, the national Diet and the popular will, political functions of the Japanese bureaucratic system, a profile of local self-governing bodies, characteristics of Japanese pressure groups, and the mass media as enterprises and their viewpoints. 1205. lizuka Koji t 0 ' -, Nihon no seishinteki fudo 0 L - 5 i ~ ~ ~ (The spiritual characteristics of Japan), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1952, 218pp. A very interesting study of what the author holds to be unique or distinctive in Japanese culture. 146
Page 147 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND SOCIO-POLITICAL GROUPS AND MOVEMENTS 147 1206. Kawashima Takeyoshi 'J ~ ~ -, Nihon shakai no kazoku teki kosei 0 z- A ~ e 0) A (The familial organization of Japanese society), T6ky6, Nihon HyOronsha, 1950, 207pp. A pioneering work on the Japanese family system by an eminent legal sociologist at Tokyo University. Major sections are devoted to the family system and Japanese society, norm-consciousness in the family system, and the family system and civil law. 1207. Kida Minoru e i:' )A d a, Nihon bunka no kontei ni hisomu mono a t /L 0 ) ' 4 - t < (The foundations of Japanese culture), Tokyo, Kodansha, 1957, 248pp. The author, a novelist and sociologist trained at the Sorbonne, regards the village and its ways as the basic source of modern Japanese culture. He here attempts to document this thesis through a collection of episodes illustrative of the attitudes and behavior of villagers. Although subject to some exaggeration, it is an interesting and stimulating work. 1208. Nakagawa Zennosuke 4 "tI * ~- 0, Nihon no kazoku seido 0 $ ) ~, *1'] (The family system in Japan), Tokyo, Baihukan, 1952, 196pp. A study of the Japanese family system and its recent history largely from the legal standpoint. The author is a specialist in the family aspects of civil law at Tohoku University. 1209. Nihon Jimbun Kagakukai 0 $ A /- t t X (Japanese Association of the Humanistic Sciences), Hoken isei 9' L I- _ M (Feudal survivals), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1951, 4+334pp. A collection of 15 essays dealing with various types of feudal survivals in Japanese society which, in the authors' opinions, inhibit the democratization of Japan. Notable among the essays are those by Kaino Michitaka on "The legal consciousness of the Japanese, TT Ouchi Tsutomu on "The essence of feudalism in Japanese rural communities, " Wakamori Taro on "Feudal survivals in social conventions, " Sumitani Mikio on "Capital and labor," and Fukutake Tadashi on "Feudal elements in the Japanese family." 1210. Nihon Jimbun Kagakukai a 3 A/ t e /A A (Japanese Association of the Humanistic Sciences), Shakai teki kincho no kenkyu - At 4 St o 4 3 (Studies of social tension), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1953, 478pp. A report prepared by the Japanese Association of the Humanistic Sciences in 1951 in connection with UNESCO's international study of social tensions. Some 58 Japanese scholars participated in its preparation. The eight major sections of the report are entitled: tensions in family life, tensions within and between territorial communities, factions and faction-consciousness, problems of minority peoples, international problems, tensions in religious life, tensions in economic life, and tensions in the ideological sphere. 1211. Nihon Shakai Gakkai Chosa Iinkai A ~ a ' & A t / X A (Japanese Sociological Association, Research Committee), Nihon shakai no kaiso teki kozo -; -i;) /, 4 t ~ — (Social stratification in Japanese society), Toky6, Yuhikaku, 1958, 414pp. This is perhaps the first nationwide survey on an objective basis of social stratification and mobility in Japan. It attempts to set up a hierarchy of social positions and examines such matters as status consciousness and general social orientations as well. 1212. Nishida Choju v -~ $, Toshi kaso shakai A ~ 1~ 4 - (Slum society in the cities), Tokyo, Seikatsusha, 1949, 277pp. A reprint of an early series of four case studies of social conditions in the slums of Tokyo and Osaka during the years 1886 to 1893. The studies are entitled: Tokyo in the dark (1893), report on the poverty-ridden, starving, and shivering slums (1890), report on the slums of Myogo-cho (1888), and actual conditions of the poor in Tokyo (1886). 1213. Odaka Kunio 1_ f A,, Shokugyo to kaiso i 4 ~ Ft 4 (Occupations and stratification), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1958, 317pp. A study of the relationship between occupation and social position by a noted sociologist teaching at Tokyo University. The work is based upon national surveys conducted by the Japanese Sociological Association in 1952 and 1955 as one aspect of a larger program of the International Sociological Association. 1214. Okochi Kazuo K -A V - * and Sumiya Mikio * X -$ Y eds., Nihon no rodo kaikyu 0; ~ ~ f0 V K, (The Japanese working class), Tokyo, Toyo Keizai Shimposha, 1955, 332pp. A study of the origins, social circumstances, and attitudes of the working class in postwar Japan based upon first hand observations by the authors. 1215. Shiso no Kagaku Kenkyukai - e oxj A; I ~ (Society for the Study of the Science of Ideas), Sengoha no kenkyu at 4k `. e 5 U (Studies of "apres-guerre" social groups), Nara, Yotokusha, 1951, 234pp. A compilation of newspaper and magazine articles on such exponents of "apres-guerre" morality and mentality as juvenile delinquents, gamblers, bicycle race followers, black marketeers, and the members of some of the "new religions.," The editors discuss in forum fashion the reasons for and implications of such phenomena.
Page 148 148 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1216. Shitsugyo Taisaku Shingikai - k '~ P i' (Council on Unemployment Policy), Nihon ni okeru koyo to shitsugyo 8 i t. \% ~ J ( = - H (Employment and unemployment in Japan), Tokyo, Toyo Keizai Shimp6sha, 1955, 19+375pp. A survey of the employment and unemployment situation by a group of scholars and officials serving as an advisory body to the Prime Minister's Office. 1217. Shoji Kichinosuke | f ' 6, Kome sodb no kenkyu i.% K f i (Studies of the rice riots), Tokyo, Miraisha, 1957, 209pp. A socio-economic analysis of the so-called rice riots in 1918, emphasizing the disturbances in Fukushima Prefecture. 1218. Sumiya Mikio P~ > ] }, Nihon chinrodo shiron 0 $ ~ A 1 (On the history of wage labor in Japan), Tokyo, Todai Shuppankai, 1955, 328pp. A study of the formation of the modern Japanese laboring class during the period prior to the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95. 1219. Tamaki Hajime IT a, Kindai Nihon ni okeru kazoku k6z6o _ k -: i' ~t d 1] (Family structure in modern Japan), Tokyo, Sakai Shoten, 1956, 366+8pp. A study of the characteristics of the Japanese family system with special reference to the development of a capitalistic system of production. 1220. Teruoka Shuzo a at - ed., Jinushisei to kome s6do #..' f t 't f (The landlord system and rice riots), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1958, 332pp. A case study of the landlord system emphasizing the rice riots of 1918. 1221. Yokoyama Gennosuke 4. 1 R. _ *, Nihon no kaso shakai V / ) q t i, (The lower strata of Japanese society), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1949, 348pp. This is a reprint with added commentary of what is generally regarded as the classic early treatment of this subject in Japan (first published in 1899). The author's investigations were carried out in 1896-98. The following subjects are treated: the conditions of the poor in Tokyo, the social situation of craftsmen, the circumstances of the manual trades, factory workers, and the living conditions of tenant farmers. A supplement describes the origins and activities of a variety of social movements during the Meiji period. A commentary by Kazahaya Yasoji is appended. See also Entries: 328, 360, 361, 428, 1299, 1657. 2. Socialism and "Social Movements" The majority of the works which follow relate specifically to socialism or socialist movements in Japan. As such they are closely related to the works on political thought and theory in Chapter V and those on left-wing political parties listed under Chapter XVII, Section 3. Some, however, are not necessarily related to doctrinaire socialism but fall under the broader category "social movements (shakai undo)," which is used in Japan to describe almost any movement aimed at the amelioration of existing circumstances. Many, but not all, of these are socialist-connected. 1222. Akamatsu Katsumaro, $' AJ, Nihon shakai undoshi 8 Y 'A L X t (History of social movements in Japan), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1952, 330pp. A standard history of the subject by an author who has been closely involved with many of the movements described. 1223. Arahata Kanson, );' ~ -~, Nihon shakai shugi undoshi 8 $ /i - k ~- k - (History of socialistic movements in Japan), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1948, 290pp. A general history of socialist thought and organization in Japan from the Restoration to about 1920. 1224. Fujiwara Ichiro 4 ), - id, Okasareta bunka \{_! * 1 s {L (Imperilled culture), Tokyo, Kyokuto Jijo Kenkyukai, 1957, 10+273pp. The title is indicative of the author's belief that Japanese culture is under attack from a variety of communist and left-wing sources. The present volume attempts to analyze the structure and operations of such attacking organizations as seen by the Liberal Democratic Party. Among the subjects treated are: international communist policies towards Japan on the cultural front; leadership tactics of the Japan Communist Party (JCP) in cultural movements; educational activities of the JCP; publications affected by the JCP; the so-called singing movement (utagoe undo); the JCP, the Japanese Mothers convention, and women's movements; the JCP and the motion picture industry; the JCP and the legitimate theater; the National Cultural Congress; the circumstances of such allegedly left-wing front organizations as the National Students Federation, the Russo-Japanese Friendship Society, the Sino-Japanese Friendship Society, the Democratic Scientists Association, the Japanese Congress for the Prohibition of Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs; the Japan Peace Committee, the National Federation for the Protection of the Constitution, and other such "cultural" organiza tions. An appendix describes the structure of the reorganized JCP.
Page 149 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND SOCIO-POLITICAL GROUPS AND MOVEMENTS 149 1225. Ishikawa Sanshiro ~ t,) - 7 A, Shakai shugi undoshi i 4 - & ' _- p ~- (History of the socialist movement), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1929. 1226. Ishikawa Sanshiro ii- ()}, Shin Nihonshi shakai shugi - a ' ~/ ~ t (History of the new Japan: socialism), Tokyo, Mancho Hosha, 1926. This comprises a part of volume three of the series entitled History of the new Japan. 1227. Izawa Sanetake ~ 4 X ~, Shakai undo torishimari kankei hoki benran -1 A\- - ~ f i 4 - '; tJ _ L (Manual of laws and regulations relating to the control of social movements), Tokyo, Rikkyosha, 1930. 1228. Kyochokai O') I ' (Conciliation Society), Saikin no shakai undo -P t 6 - / _ - 3' (Recent social movements), Tokyo, Kyochokai, 1927. A compilation of information by the Society's staff on all sorts of social movements in Japan and abroad. The contents of the section on Japan are as follows: history of social movements in Japan, industrial and labor conditions, the labor union movement, labor disputes, tenancy disputes, peasant movements, maritime movements, the cooperative movement, organization of labor committees, the proletarian political party movement, right-wing movements, selected ad hoc social movements, the women's movement, employers associations, the control of social movements, social administration and legislation, the establishment of industrial prosperity, workers' education, social enterprises, machinery for cooperation between capital and labor, and machinery for the investigation of social problems. In most categories attention is concentrated on developments from 1916 to 1926. An index is appended. 1229. Musansha seiji hikkei 4._ /f 3 -,&- 4 (Proletarian's political vade mecum), Tokyo, Musan Rodo Chosajo,?]. Annual. An annual survey of developments in Japan and abroad with particular reference to the activities of "'proletarian" political parties, social movements, left-wing thinking, and the organization and experience of labor and peasant unions. It also collects and summarizes important laws and ordinances affecting proletarian movements of all sorts. A useful summary with excellent tables. 1230. Nihon taishu nenkan ~ $ i ~ J- iL (Yearbook of the Japanese masses), Tokyo, Nihon Taishuto, 1930+. Strong emphasis on labor unions and their political activities. 1231. Sakai Toshihiko t {-'J f, Nihon shakai shugi undoshi 0 $; - A- f1 i t ~ (History of socialist movements in Japan), Tokyo, Kawade Shobo, 1954, 268pp. The author is a pioneer socialist in Japan. He here collects several of his earlier essays written between 1928 and 1931. Notable among them are those on the role of anarchism in the Japanese socialist movement, stories from the socialist movement, and a short history of the socialist movement. There is also a commentary by Arahata Kanson. 1232. Sakisaka Itsuro 1 tk L 1 ed., Nihon shakai shugi undoshi A 2, f'- - L (History of the Japanese socialist movement), Tokyo, Muromachi Shobo, 1955, 261pp. A collection of essays on the history of socialism and social movements by seven members of the Left-Wing Socialist Party. The following subjects are treated: history of the prewar socialist movement, the establishment and breakup of the postwar Socialist Party; the postwar development of the labor and agrarian movements viewed from the left-wing socialist standpoint, left-wing socialist relations with the right-wing socialists, and left-wing socialist relations with the Japan Communist Party. 1233. Shakai undo nenkan gA 4 X Fi i ~. (Yearbook of social movements), Tokyo, Nihon Shakai Undo Tsushinsha. A detailed annual account of a large variety of social and political movements. It covers the Japanese economic situation and labor, the conditions of agricultural life, political movements of a labor or agrarian nature, labor union activities and campaigns, tenancy disputes and peasant union activities, other proletarian movements, and the status of all proletarian organizations and of the international labor movement. 1234. Tanaka Sogoro ' t..- -, Nihon shakai undoshi ~,- 4~ [,J- - (History of Japanese social movements), Tokyo, Sekai Shoin, 1947-8, 3v. A very detailed survey of the development of social movements in Japan from the end of the Tokugawa era to the suppression of left-wing activities in 1928. 1235. Watanabe Ikujiro ' v 1 X ~, Nihon shakai undo shikan 4; A A- 1 b L 9 (Historical survey of Japanese social movements), Tokyo, Dai Nihon Bummei Kyokai, 1925, 382pp. A general account of the history of Japanese social problems and policies and of the labor movement from ancient times to the present. Attention is focussed on developments during the Meiji and Taish6 eras. 1236. Yamamoto Masao ~ 1 AL- J, Meiji iko no kaiho undo of / - >4 ~ e e d_ (Emancipation movements during and since Meiji), Tokyo, Chfu Yuwa Jigy6 Kyokai, 1930. See also Entries: 400, 402, 419, 605.
Page 150 150 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 3. Nationalism, Fascism, and Right-Wing Movements The student will note the close relationships between this section and a number of works listed under Chapter V. 1237. Asada Koki 4d f ~ ' and Nakamura Shuichiro " - -, Nihon fashizumu no shomondai -7f -> 7' y A ]t d (Problems of Japanese fascism), Tokyo, Iwasaki Shoten, 1949, 231pp. A critique of the so-called "Koza School's" interpretation of the characteristics of Japanese imperialism and fascism. 1238. Gen'yosha Shashi Hensankai {z t t ~ _.8. / (History of Genyosha Editorial Society), Gen'yoshashi i ^i i t_ (History of the Gen'yosha), Tokyo, Gen'yosha Shashi Hensankai, 1917, 731pp. A history of this early nationalist association from 1881 until the early days of the Taisho era. A chapter is devoted to biographical sketches of outstanding members. 1239. Kada Tetsuji E t - -, Nihon kokka shugi no hatten 5 r- (Development of Japanese nationalism), Tokyo, 1938, 390pp. 1240. Kaino Michitaka k i L ~, Boryoku-Nihon shakai no fashizumu kiko f -- ', -,' ~ X' z LA ~ (Violence-the Fascist structure of Japanese society), T6ky6, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1950, 303pp. A series of four essays attempting to prove that the recent Japanese social and political structure is permeated by systematic recourse to techniques of violence. 1241. Keibi Keisatsu Kenkyukai V / * 4 f ' ~ (Defense and Police Research Association), Uyoku undo X j At- t (Right-wing movements), Tokyo, Tachibana Shobo, 1952, 152pp. A brief but useful guide to pre and postwar right-wing movements in Japan. Separate appendices are devoted to: 1) a guide for investigating right-wing crimes; 2) principal right-wing cases prior to the end of the war; and 3) genealogies of right-wing organizations. 1242. Kinoshita Hanji 7 -T -X /, Nihon fashizumushi 0 O> ' A X (History of Japanese Fascism), Tokyo, Iwasaki Shoten, 1950+, 3v. The best known history of "Fascist movements" in Japan from the establishment of the Gen'yosha in 1881 to postwar times. Volume 3 has not yet appeared. 1243. Kinoshita Hanji f T- f, Nihon kokkashugi undoshi a? g 5 ~ ~ '~ t - (History of nationalist movements in Japan), Tokyo, Keio Shobo, 1939, 557pp.; rev. ted., Tokyo, Iwaskai Shoten, 1950, 2v. An historical account of Japanese nationalist movements from the establishment of the Gen'yosha to the organization of the Nihon Kakushin Seinentai (Youth Corps for the Reform of Japan). 1244. Kinoshita Hanji i f- ' +i, Nihon no uyoku 5; ) - X (The right-wing in Japan), Tokyo, Kaname Shobo, 1953, 207pp. A general survey of both prewar and postwar right-wing movements in Japan. The author regards prewar Japanese Fascism as a counter-revolution led by the forces of finance capitalism. 1245.Kyochokai,4 ">1 / (Conciliation Society), Kokkashugi undo no gensei 1l. - * Vg t ) (Present condition of the nationalist movements), T6ky6, Kyoch6kai, 1932. 1246. Maejima Shozo A A I ~, Nihon fashizumu to gikai 0 h 72' x z~ i ' 4 (Japanese Fascism and the Diet), Kyoto, Horitsu Bunkasha, 1956, 573pp. The author is particularly interested in the relationship between military and social fascism. In the present work he traces the origins of Japanese Fascism to developments in party politics towards the end of the Taisho era, and regards the Manchurian, 5-15 (1932) and 2-26 (1936) Incidents as marking its triumph. 1247. Maruyama Masao and others 4L L 4v /ad, Nihon no nashionarizumu o ~ e 9 - v 'q7-1 (Nationalism in Japan), Tokyo, Kawade Shobo, 1953, 187pp. An excellent collection of essays on the nature and historical development of Japanese nationalism since the Meiji Restoration. 1248. Nagamatsu Asazo - '^ - ' AL, Ikiteiru uyoku t t - - % f ~ (The living right-wing), Tokyo, Hitotsubashi Shoten, 1954, 302pp. A collection of essays on Japanese right-wing political groups by a former Mainichi reporter long familiar with them. 1249. "Nihon fashizumu kyodo kenkyu" M f VP?' 7- f ' f [ (A joint study of Japanese Fascism), Shiso I --- (Ideas), Nos. 343-46 and 350-54 (1953). An elaborate and uese ries of articles by competent scholars on the political structure and functions of the "Japanese Fascist" movement from the late 20s to 1945.
Page 151 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND SOCIO-POLITICAL GROUPS AND MOVEMENTS 151 1250. Suzuki Yasuzo X - - k and Asada Mitsuteru ->& t j eds., Fashizumu to gunji kokka 37, xA E - 0 1 < (Fascism and the military state), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1954, 309pp. A somewhat ex parte collection of essays upon such subjects as Fascism and the rule of monopoly capital, American Fascism, military dictatorship under the imperial system, the collapse of the "peace constitution," security legislation in postwar times, etc. 1251. Tanaka Sogoro t - A A-d, Nihon fashizumu no genryu, Kita Ikki no shiso to sh6gai ~ 77 ~'.; - 0)-k '2 &, AL -' 4- ~ A- t (Sources of Japanese Fascism: the life and ideas of Kita Ikki), Tokyo, Hakuyosha, 1949, 418pp. A detailed biography of this leader of Japanese Fascism (1883-1937), based primarily upon his works. 1252. Tsukui Tatsuo -, 2-: }fl, Uyoku A t (The right-wing), Tokyo, Showa Shobo, 1952, 272pp. A defense of right-wing organizations and their political role by a leader in such movements. He emphasizes their importance as a bulwark against communist revolution. There is a history of right-wing movements up to Japan's defeat in 1945, plus biographies of eight major right-wing leaders in prewar Japan. See also Entries: 392, 393, 425, 436, 460, 461, 475, 615, 716, 1240. 4. Labor and Labor Movements Many of the works listed in this section bear a close relationship to those described under Chapter XVII, Section 3 on left-wing political parties. The Japanese labor movement has historically been closely associated with socialist political parties. The student is also referred to Chapter X, Section 2. 1253. Akamatsu Katsumaro,. AL, /1, Nihon rodo6 und6 hattatsushi a * #* + ~I _ I (History of the development of the Japanese labor movement), Toky6, Bunka Gakkai, 1925. Recounts the history of the Japanese labor movement since the Resotration in three phases-from 1883-94, the Sino-Japanese War to 1912, and 1912-24. 1254. Akamatsu Katsumaro,- iL t, Shin Nihonshi: r6do undo ~ A Eb jf t (History of the new Japan: labor movements), Tokyo, Mancho Hosha, 1926. This comprises a section of volume 3 of the series entitled History of the new Japan. 1255. Amatatsu Tadao k -L &t 4 and Sakayori Toshio t 1_,k, Nihon no rodosha M * e 4 fb - (Japanese laborers), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1953, 250pp. An account of the working conditions and general social circumstances of Japanese urban laborers based upon the stories of some forty workers in a variety of industries. 1256. Fujibayashi Keizo z 4 2 _ ed., Rodo ~ 4f (Labor), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1955, 397+6pp. A good general introduction to the subject edited by a well known specialist from Keio University. 1257. Hosoi Wakizo i, o 4 ~, Joko aishi - a 3 t (Pathetic tales of women workers), Tokyo, Kaiz6sha, 1948, 336pp. This is a reprint of a classic work first published in 1925. It describes the lives and working conditions of women in the textile industry during the early 1920s, and is regarded as a sort of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" of this subject in Japan. 1258. Katayama Sen t 4 -, Nihon no rodo undo a }: o - p I L i (Labor movements in Japan), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1952, 426pp. An interesting document in the history of the Japanese labor movement by one of the country's pioneer socialists. It is especially useful for the earlier stages of the labor movement. 1259. Matsuoka Minoru f 01 I, Nihon r6do kumiai hattatsushi o A;, {I,, _ t- (History of the development of Japanese labor unions), T6ky6, Kyoseikaku, 1931. 1260. Naimush6 Shakaikyoku I '* i- t- / (Ministry of the Interior, Social Office), Hompo ni okeru rodo dantai no ippanteki jokyo fp r- t- ', ~ * f { <o -- '.-,i, -; (The general condition of labor organizations in Japan), Tokyo, Naimusho Shakaikyoku, 1930. Tabulates the names, strength, organization, affiliates, etc. of all Japanese labor organizations as of June 1930. 1261. Naimusho Shakaikyoku V;~ 1 id *,7 (Ministry of the Interior, Social Office), Saikin ni okeru rodo undo no gaiyo i Jr l- j d- - * / k_ tZ i - (Summary of the labor movement in recent times), Toky6, Naimush6 Shakaikyoku, 1931. 1262. Noshomusho Shokokyoku % & - 'J V - 7 (Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, Trade and Industry Bureau), Shokko jijo ' xT- - d (Workingmen's conditions), rev. ed.; Tokyo, Seikatsusha, 1947, 3v.
Page 152 152 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE This is a revision by Tsuchiya Takao, a leading authority on Japanese economic history, of a famous compilation of data on the lives and working conditions of Japanese laborers about 1901. The work was first published in 1903. 1263. Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyujo;, A - A M e /-(Ohara Institute for Social Research, Hosei University), Nihon rodo nenkan o $, {Ad - ki (The labor yearbook of Japan), Tokyo, Toyo Keizai Shimposha, 1920-41, 1950+. Annual. The most detailed and authoritative of Japan's labor yearbooks. Publication was interrupted for a number of years during and after the war, but was resumed again in 1950. The coverage is detailed and excellent and draws upon a great variety of governmental, labor union, and private sources. Recent issues treat the following subjects: Part I, conditions of the working classes; structure, unemployment, working conditions, living conditions, and conditions of farms and farmers; Part II, the labor movement; the trade union movement, peasant movements, and other social movements; Part III, social policies; general trends, labor law and labor administration, judicial precedent on labor problems, wage policies, unemployment policies, peace preservation, the productivity campaign, social insurance and social security, and management organizations. A detailed chronology of the labor movement and a useful directory of trade unions are appended. 1264. Okochi Kazuo < 6J 4 - ~ ed., Nihon no rodo kumiai r ~ if4 -). (Labor unions in Japan), Tokyo, Toyo Keizai Shimposha, 1954, 247pp. A topical description of Japanese labor unions and labor movement covering such matters as the nature of the movement, labor agreements, union organization, labor disputes, etc. The Japanese labor movement is compared with those in several foreign countries and with labor developments in general on the international scene. A chronology of the Japanese labor movement is appended. 1265. Okochi Kazuo c - - - ed., Nihon rodo kumiairon ^ - t * A, (On Japanese labor unions), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1954, 336pp. A study of the characteristics of postwar labor unions in Japan based upon the experience of the coal, electric, national railways, tele-communications, and textile unions. This sort of study of particular unions is unusual. 1266. Okochi Kazuo ) -J C - ~, Sengo Nihon no rodo undo ' t; ' _ /1 e t_ (The labor movement in postwar Japan), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1955, 226pp. A general review of postwar developments among Japanese labor unions with special emphasis upon the socalled enterprise unions, i.e., those organized on the basis of a single factory or company. 1267. Rodo Chosa Kyogikai ~ {t A t / ~ ~ (Labor Research Conference), Rodo kumiai jitsumu benran, m, K % - I t (Business handbook for labor unions), Tokyo, Otsuki Shoten, 1958, 27+872+6pp. A practical guide to the problems of organizing and conducting trade union activities by a group of active union leaders and members. 1268. Rodo sekai '~ { #_ j (The labor world), Tokyo, Rodo Shimbunsha, 1897+. 3 times a month. An invaluable source of information on the early socialist and labor movement in Japan. It was edited during the early 1900s by Katayama Sen. 1269. Rodosho ' ~ - (Ministry of Labor), Shiryo rodo undoshi >t ~ r ~ Af > f- (Materials on the history of the labor movement), Tokyo, Romu Gyosei Kenkyujo, 1951+. Annual. A factual and comprehensive collection of data on the labor movement in postwar Japan. Each volume devotes major sections to labor movements, labor organizations, labor conferences, labor agreements, labor administration, and relations with political parties. A chronology and numerous tables are appended to each volume. The series coverage actually extends back to 1945. Five retrospective volumes were published in 1951 covering the period between 1945 and 1950. Thereafter ensuing volumes have been devoted to the immediately preceding year. 1270. Saito Ichiro - j - i, Sengo Nihon rodo undoshi e ~f t; o < JX >-t (History of labor movements in postwar Japan), Kyoto, San Ichi Shob6, 1956, 2v. A general survey of the subject from a Marxist viewpoint. Volume one covers the period of the Allied Occupation up to the Korean Incident in 1950. Volume two carries on from there. 1271. Saito Ichiro - 4 - ~3, Sohyoshi.L - > (History of the General Council of Japanese Trade Unions), Tokyo, Aoki Shoten, 1957, 348pp. A partisan but useful account of the history of Japan's largest and most complex federation of trade unions covering the period since its establishment in July, 1951. 1272. Sekine Etsuro t f{ fF, Rodo undo musan seitoshi k t, ' $ 1 < tt_ (History of labor movements and proletarian parties), Toky6, Kawade Shobo, 1954, 2 11pp. A history of Japanese labor movements from 1905 to 1934 with special reference to their connections with various proletarian political parties.
Page 153 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND SOCIO-POLITICAL GROUPS AND MOVEMENTS 153 1273. Shakai Seisaku Gakkai it * (c A + * (Social Policy Association), Sengo Nihon no rodo kumiai ' 4& 0 4- on { 4,1,i (Labor unions in postwar Japan), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1956, 190pp. An excellent collection of essays by six outstanding specialists in the field. 1274. Shimazu Chiriyo. -it t '\ A, Joshi rodosha - f q ta A (Women laborers), T6kyo, Iwanami, 1953, 239pp. A highly critical account of the conditions in which the female employees of the textile industries live and work. 1275. Suehiro Izutaro jt A,, <, Nihon rodo kumiai undoshi E; 0' {../, > L (History of Japanese labor union movements), Tokyo, Chiu K6ronsha, 1954, 355pp. A general history of the subject from the Restoration to 1954 by the chairman of the Central Labor Relations Committee of the national government. 1276. Suzuki Bunji X 4; f_ 4, Nihon no rodo undoshi E0 -; o ~ { i 4 )L (History of the Japanese labor movement), Tokyo, 1927. The author was among the most prominent labor leaders and proletarian politicians of the day. 1277. Takano Minoru j t A, Nihon no rodo undo a 4; ' fta A (Labor movements in Japan), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1958, 234pp. A history of labor movements in postwar Japan by the former secretary general of Sohyo. 1278. Taniguchi Zentaro ar.z;- ~, Nihon rodo kumiai hyogikaishi 0; A H ~ ~ (History of the Japan Trade Union Council), Kyoto, Takagiri Shoin, 1948, 2v. This is a postwar reprint of a study, first published in 1932, of this first communist dominated association of Japanese trade unions (1924-1928). The author is a communist and was a founder of the Council. 1279. Tokyo Daigaku Shakai Kagaku Kenkyujo. ff A i- & a f { f- (Tokyo University, Social Science Research Institute), Sengo rodo undo no jittai ' It i 46 1-th r!. (Actual circumstances of the postwar labor movement), Toky6, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1950, 388+12pp. A detailed study of the circumstances in which postwar labor unions were established in Japan, their structure, electoral procedures, leadership characteristics, affiliated organizations, and labor disputes based upon first-hand investigations carried out by researchers from the Institute in 1947 and 1948. 1280. Watanabe Toru -tL t2- fjL, Nihon rodo kumiai undoshi q 4 - ~. / t - A 9,t (History of Japanese labor union movements), Tokyo, Aoki Shoten, 1954, 485pp. The author concentrates on the organization and activities of the left-wing labor movement during the years of right-wing suppression and pressure following 1928. A detailed and very useful chronology and a bibliography are appended. 1281. Yamazaki Goro L A -- i, Nihon rodo undoshi a; < b k ~ - (History of Japanese labor movements), Tokyo, Romu Gyosei Kenkyujo, 1957, 665+93pp. A factual and authoritative survey of the labor union movement since the end of World War II by the chief of the Trade Union Section of the Ministry of Labor. It is based upon the Ministry's annual publication entitled Materials on the history of the labor movement (See Entry 1269). The appendices contain statistics, chronologies, and graphs of general interest. See also Entries: 817, 1212, 1216, 1218. 5. Agriculture, Rural Society, and Agrarian Movements The student's attention is called to the close relationship existing between the following materials and those listed under Chapter X, Section 4. 1282. Aoki Keiichiro A.. - - 3, Nihon nomin undoshi o 4; 6_ L: ~_ (History of Japanese agrarian movements), Tokyo, Minshu Hyoronsha, 1948, 524pp. A good general survey of Japanese agrarian movements from the end of World War I to the end of World War II. 1283. Fukutake Tadashi d ' A-, Nihon no noson shakai 0 4 v i. t 4 (Rural society in Japan), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1953, 218pp. A series of theoretically oriented essays on the structure of rural society in Japan. The subjects are a general theory of rural society, social theories about Japanese rural communities, problems of farm families, and life and culture in rural society. 1284. Fukutake Tadashi X A, ed., Nihon noson shakai no kozo bunseki e 4 | $t Ad 4 i ' t (Structural analysis of Japanese rural society), T6ky6, Toky6 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1954, 504pp. A study based upon the comparative analysis of the socio-political structure of four rural communities.
Page 154 154 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1285. Fukutake Tadashi 4 S LA, Nihon sonraku no shakai kozo a $4, e Ad /,^ ',L (The social structure of Japanese rural communities), Toky6, Toky6 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1959, 596pp. A study of the social structure of contemporary Japanese rural communities. The introduction treats the methodology and problems of Japanese rural sociology. Other sections cover the theory of community structure, recent transformations in rural communities, case studies of particular villages, the analysis of specific problems, villages and the social movement, (i.e., the so-called New Living or New Life movement), political affairs, and landlord-tenant disputes. Supplementary essays treat rural culture and attitudes. 1286. Isoda Susumu A; A- ed., Sonraku kozo no kenkyu At - A- e~) S _j (Studies of the structure of rural communities), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1955, 305pp. This is a cooperative case study of the social structure of Kiyadaira Mura, Asane Gun, Tokushima. It discusses the political, economic, as well as structural aspects of community life. 1287. Kawai Etsuzo ->J & 'I-J, Nihon no nogyo to nomin a $ ^ * a t) t ~ (Agriculture and farmers in Japan), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1956, 231pp. A general explanation of the economic and social characteristics of Japanese agriculture and farm communities with suggestions for reforms. 1288. Kawai Etsuzo -; 'J' t ed., Nogyo nomin mondai koza t j [ [ y I Ii |t (Essay series on the problems of agriculture and peasantry), Toky6, Otsuki Shoten, 1954-5, 3v. A series of essays edited and in part written by an active leader in the Japanese agrarian movement. Volume 3 is of particular interest. It treats class stratification in the countryside and rural politics in terms of the policies of the Occupation and the several political parties, landowners associations, agricultural cooperatives, women's and youth associations, and similar interest groups. 1289. Kimura Seiji $-:f -, Kuzureyuku nochi seido <~ 4, } < W[ I,_ ) (Collapsing farm-land system), Tokyo, Koyo Shoin, 1956, 253pp. A description of the origins and significance of the postwar land reform in Japan, with emphasis upon rice lands, by a member of the Agricultural Land Commission and the Agricultural Arbitration Commission. He claims that the land holding system established by the 1946 Land Reform Act has already begun to collapse, and discusses the nature and implications of the changes which are occurring. 1290. Koike Motoyuki,1' ->t A._, Jinushisei no kenkyu, f k'l ~ t ~J (Study of the landlord system), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 410pp. An analysis of the Japanese agrarian system, with emphasis on the consequences of postwar agrarian reforms. 1291. Kojima Toshio i If _ i ed., Warichi seido to nochi kaikaku &t # ~I [ ^ a L- (The land allotment system and land reform), Toky6, Toky6, Daigaku Shuppankai, 1953, 271pp. A case study of an old system of land allotment, its relation to family and community organization and practices, and the effects thereon of the land reform program. The community concerned is Ainoshima in Toyosu Village, Nagano Prefecture. 1292. Kojima Toshio / * * k A, Matoba Tokuzo it 4 Nt At and Teruoka Shuzo Of -~ _, Nomin kumiai to nochi kaikaku ) A.. / z (Farmers' unions and land reform), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1956, 317pp. A case study of the effects of the land reform law of 1946 in Kanae Mura, Shimoina Gun, Nagano, with special emphasis on the local farmers' unions. 1293. Kojima Toshio * g Lt and Morita Shiro f ~. J, Nihon jinushisei shiron ~ - $'J Be (On the history of the Japanese landlord system), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1957, 365pp. A very valuable account of the development of the landlord system in modern Japan from Tokugawa times to the Taisho period. 1294. Kondo Yasuo X! t 9 ed., Mazushisa kara no kaiho '/ L I a, L v _ (Emancipation from poverty), Tokyo, Chuo Koronsha, 1953, 2v. Volume one consists of a factual survey of poverty in Japanese agricultural, fishing, and mountain villages and of the attitudes and beliefs of their inhabitants. Volume two describes the structure and operations of agricultural and fishing cooperatives and argues that they can be used to relieve rural poverty. 1295. Kondo Yasuo fIO- * W - ed., Mura no kozo A, 5 o A (Structure of the village), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1955, 450pp. A study of class stratification based upon observations in 22 villages classified according to the degree of disintegration of traditional landlord's authority. 1296. Kondo Yasuo L t ~ ~, Nihon gyogyo no keizai kozo -; i;4- -~ A - (Economic structure of the Japanese fishing industry), T6ky6, T6ky6 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1953, 11+523+4pp. An extensive sociological and economic analysis of the Japanese fishing industry covering such subjects as
Page 155 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND SOCIO-POLITICAL GROUPS AND MOVEMENTS 155 resources, class structure, the labor and wage system, capitalistic development within the industry, credit and taxation, marketing, and reform projects. 1297. Kondo Yasuo iL t t ed., Noson mondai k6za 4 it f] f 4 P (Essay series on rural problems), T6kyo, Kawade Shobo, 1954, 3v. A very useful collection of essays and studies edited by a professor of agricultural economics at Tokyo University. Volume one is devoted to land reform, volume two to the process of rural economic development and volume three to an economic and social analysis of rural communities. This last volume is of particular interest to political scientists and treats such subjects as changes in the social structure of rural communities, the family system, the role of agricultural cooperatives, agrarian movements, and social consciousness and attitudes in agricultural villages. 1298. Kuroda Hisao,, W ~ % and Ikeda Tsuneo -_t _ 4Fwt-, Nihon nomin kumiai undoshi a g ) ~/. X t it (History of agrarian union movements in Japan), Tokyo, San'y6sha, 1949, 332pp. A history of the farm union movement from a left-wing standpoint emphasizing the development of the preconditions of class warfare in the countryside. 1299. Nihon Shiho Gakkai Sozoku Chosashitsu a /A - ~/ 4 t. -1 I; At- (Japanese Private Law Association, Inheritance Research Section), Noka sozoku no jittai —noka betsu chosa shiryo 4 - 4. o, {e — # 'J it t%+ (The actual status of inheritance among farm households: materials based upon a house-to-house survey), Tokyo, Norinsho Norinkeizaikyoku (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Bureau of Agricultural Economics), 1952, 286pp. A description of actual inheritance patterns based upon a sample of 241 farm households in 15 villages scattered throughout Japan. 1300. Nochi Kaikaku Kiroku linkai / 1 A d ~ i~. - { ' (Committee on Land Reform Records), Nochi kaikaku temmatsu gaiyo 4 e- L x, ~ L - (Detailed outline of the land reforms), Toky6, Nosei Chosakai, 1951, 1361+12pp. An exhaustive and authoritative statement of what happened in the course of Japan's postwar land reforms. 1301. Nomin Kumiaishi Kankokai 4 5v,-; k - T 1J i t (Society for the Publication of Histories of Farmers' Unions), Nomin kumiai sengen, koryo, shucho shu 4 A. /, $-. 1 ~ 4 % (A collection of proclamations, platforms, and statements of farmers' unions), Tokyo, Nomin Kumiaishi Kankokai, 1956, 41pp. 1302. Norinsho ft X' (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry), Norin koho f. >\< (Agriculture and forestry bulletin), Tokyo, Nihon Noson Chosakai, May, 1948+. Semi-monthly. Carries brief articles and data on Japanese agriculture and forestry intended for popular consumption. 1303. Norinsho Nochikyoku 4 f$ 4 i t i (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Agricultural Land Bureau), Nochi t + (Agricultural land), Tokyo, Norin Kyokai, June, 1952+. Semi-monthly. Carries articles and data on various aspects of agricultural land in Japan, including land reform. 1304. Norinsho Norinkeizaikyoku 4 [t At 4 * t,- (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Agricultural Economics Bureau), Zoku Nogyokaishi.., 4 4 _ (History of agricultural associations [continued]), Tokyo, Norinsho Norinkeizaikyoku, 1953, 564pp. A sequel to Entry 1306 (q.v.). 1305. Norinsho Noseikyoku 4[: ' j K (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Agricultural Administration Bureau), Nihon nogyo dantai nempyo g $ Jt f f 45 - (Chronology of Japanese agricultural organizations), Tokyo, N6rinsh6 N6seikyoku, 1947, 54pp. A chronology of Japanese agricultural organizations from the early Meiji period to 1947. 1306. Norinsho Noseikyoku 4 A 'i 4 4 ~7 (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Agricultural Administration Bureau), Nogyokaishi 4 4 X L (History of agricultural associations), Tokyo, Norinsho Noseikyoku, 1951, 379pp. A factual history of the development of agricultural organizations of all kinds in Japan. The appendices contain a wealth of statistical information. 1307. Shiomi Toshitaka -; Jj 4t (, Watanabe Yozo -;i_ - and others, Nihon no noson n o- n 4 t (Agricultural villages in Japan), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1957, 447pp. An investigation of the structure of Japanese farm villages from the socio-legal viewpoint. 1308. Suisancho vA- ) T (Fisheries Agency), Suisan jiho - - /A - (Fisheries review), Tokyo, Norin Kyokai, July, 1949+. Monthly. 1309. Takigawa Masajiro - 4 t),1 + tp, Hoseijo yori mitaru Nihon nomin no seikatsu -i $' / X 'J) X t)- i t - g C (The life of the Japanese peasant viewed from the standpoint of legislation), T6ky6, 1927. An excellent bibliography is appended.
Page 156 156 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1310. Yamaguchi Takehide A ~ 3 I, Sengo Nihon no nomin undo #t 4t w 4 i f v jf (Agrarian movements in postwar Japan), Tokyo, Ondosha, 1953,238pp. An account of the struggles of the Joto Farmers' Union over problems of land, rice requisitioning, and taxation written by a leader in the Japanese agrarian movement. See also Entries: 1207, 1217, 1220. 6. Business Groups and Movements The close relationship between the following materials and those listed under Chapter X, Section 3 is called to the student's attention. 1311. Chusho Kigyocho ~ I - ) ~T (Small and Medium Enterprise Agency) and Nihon Shoko Kaigisho l - \ 4~ - Af t (Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry), Zenkoku no chusho kigyo d6ko6 / 1? 'V + J- i7 (Nationwide trends among small and medium enterprises), Toky6, Chush6 Kigy6ch6 and Nihon Shoko Kaigisho, January, 1955+. Quarterly. Gives a region-by-region and industry-by-industry account of major developments in this field. 1312. Keizai Dantai Rengokai -- i 14 _ 't 4 (Federation of Economic Organizations), Keidanren no junen X 9 X ~1 t A- (A ten years' history of the Federation of Economic Organizations), T6kyo, Keizai Dantai Rengokai, 1956, 273pp. A brief account of the history and structure of Keidanren, an association representing the interests of Japanese big business. 1313. Keizai Doyukai o -'t 1^ I -4 (Economic Friendly Society), Keizai Doyukai junenshi,;, l 4 - - _(A ten years' history of the Keizai D6yukai), Tokyo, Keizai Doyukai, 1956, 599pp. A history of the organization and activities of one of the most influential of Japan's employers' associations which has frequently played an important political role. 1314. Morita Yoshio ~ ~ / t, Nihon Keieisha Dantai hattenshi -.. 4 (History of the development of the Japan Management Association), Toky6, Nikkan R6od Tsushinsha, 1958, 497pp. A survey of both national and local developments from Meiji times to the present leading to the establishment and current organization and activities of the Japan Management Association. 1315. Nihonkeizai Shimbunsha 0 -,; — kt ^c] )i, Kaisha nenkan * A k 4. (Yearbook of companies), Tokyo, Nihonkeizai Shimbunsha, 1947+. Annual. A directory of important Japanese companies and business firms listing for each its capital, directors, assets and liabilities, and much other information. 1316. Toseikai nenkan A f /{ A 4t (Yearbook of control associations), Tokyo, Toseikai Nenkan Kankokai, 1943+. Annual. A convenient source of information for the student of wartime techniques of economic control and the legal basis thereof. Divided into two major parts, the first of which, entitled "Theory and practice of control associations," explains their origins, utility, and general activities, discusses their relations with other public and private bodies including the army and navy, notes their effects on industry and society in general, and prints the texts of relevant laws and ordinances. The second part, entitled "Handbook," is a guide to the organization, authority, personnel, and activities of all important industrial and financial control associations. See also Entries: 1121, 1508. 7. Student, Teacher, and Intellectual Groups and Movements These groups play an active and conspicuous role in Japanese politics, especially since the war. Their organizations and activities have thus become the subject of several academic studies. 1317. Arai Tsuneyasu ~tf ~? 4g ~, Nikky6so und6shi a AL.t J 0,_ (History of the Japan Teachers' Union movement), Tokyo, Nihon Shuppan Kyod6 Kabushiki Kaisha, 1953, 326pp. A general survey of campaigns launched or supported by this very active Union since its formation in 1945. 1318. Imamiya Kohei A ' Xl ', Nikkyoso,_ - (The Japan Teachers' Union), T6kyo, Shin Kigensha, 1957, 178pp. A brief and critical study of the Japan Teachers' Union. Emphasis is placed on the connections of the Japan Teachers' Union with the Communist Party and other left-wing organizations. 1319. Kaino Michitaka, #[ K, Interigenchia 4 - { 'f >- '? (The intellectuals), Tokyo, Kaname Shobo, 1954, 167pp.
Page 157 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND SOCIO-POLITICAL GROUPS AND MOVEMENTS 157 A tract setting forth what Japanese "intellectuals" should do in order to maintain international peace and support the existing constitution. 1320. Karasawa Tomitaro t -4 & A ~, Gakusei no rekishi P _, J _ (A history of students), Tokyo, Sobunsha, 1955, 14+394+20pp. A social history of Japanese students from the end of the Tokugawa period to postwar days by a professor of Tokyo University of Education. Extensive use is made of memoirs and autobiographies. A chronology, a bibliography, and index are appended. 1321. Karasawa Tomitaro t 4 & A i?, Kyoshi no rekishi A L, _ (A history of teachers), Tokyo, Sobunsha, 1955, 11+354+13pp. A history of teachers in the Japanese school system. A chronology is appended. 1322. Keibi Kenkyukai {~ r 4 & (Society for Research on Police Work), Gakusei undo 0 F t fA I (Student movements), Tokyo, Tachibana Shobo, 1953, 316pp. A treatment of student movements intended for the information and use of police officials. Its coverage is broad, ranging from a description of student life through an analysis of the National Student Federation's (Zengakuren) alleged ties with the Communist Party to comments on the prospects of the student movement. This is volume 2 of the Police work research series (Keibi keisatsu s6sho). Vol. 1 treats rightist movements, vol. 3 the problem of Korean residents in Japan, vol. 4 labor and agrarian movements, and vol. 5 leftist movements. 1323. Kikukawa Tadao 3 ~1 i A, Gakusei shakai undoshi Pt bI-, ' -f _ (History of student social movements), Tokyo, Chuo Koronsha, 1931. 1324. Komatsu Setsuro f\- tA, ~p ed., Nihon no chishikijin 8?- ~ ~ A (The Japanese intelligentsia), Kyoto, Horitsu Bunkasha, 1957, 318pp. An interesting collection of essays from various periodicals setting forth a generally critical estimate of such alleged characteristics of the Japanese intellectuals as their aloofness from the masses, their social irresponsibility and authoritarian proclivities, moral degeneration, etc. 1325. Nagai Michio dM { - A, Mombusho to Nikkyoso )L -} ) e a ~, (Ministry of Education and the Japan Teachers' Union), Tokyo, Chuo Koronsha, 1958, 215pp. A popular critique of the Ministry of Education and the Japan Teacherst Union, emphasizing the recent controversies over the teachers' merit rating system and "morals" courses. 1326. Nihon Kyoshokuin Kumiai a $ 0 l i-.i- (Japan Teachers' Union), Nihon no kyoiku /a $ e $ (Education in Japan), Tokyo, Kokudosha, 1958, 702pp. A report of deliberations at the seventh national congress of the Japan Teachers' Union which provides an excellent insight into the educational views of this important group. 1327. Nihon Kyoshokuin Kumiai d z - 4'. 1- t (Japan Teachers' Union), Nikkyoso junenshi a 4, -t._ (Ten years of the Japan Teachers' Union), Tokyo, Nihon Kyoshokuin Kumiai, 1958, 847+109pp. An ex parte account of the history and achievements of Nikkyoso published by the Teachers' Union in commemoration of their tenth anniversary. A chronology, index, and list of union officials are appended. 1328. Sugiyama Kenji / I.;/A, Nihon gakusei shiso undoshi 0 Pt A. t 1 1t- (History of the ideological movement among Japanese students), Toky6, Kirisutokyo Gakusei Undo Shuppambu, 1930. The term "ideological movement" is used in respect to radical or unusual ideas of any type. It is not exclusively political in context. 1329. Takakuwa Suehide t1 f %Q, Nihon gakusei undoshi E l t_ 1 - - (History of Japanese student movements), Tokyo, Aoki Shoten, 1955, 314pp. A general history of the subject from its modern origins during the Popular Rights Movement of the early Meiji period to 1954. Appendices are devoted to a specialized bibliography of the students movement and a chronology for the period 1868-1954. 8. Women's Groups and Movements 1330. Inoue Kiyoshi # b 5, Nihon joseishi 4 t - f K _ (History of Japanese women), rev. ed.; Kyoto, San Ichi Shobo, 1955, 2v. A general study of the position of women in Japanese society from ancient times to the present. The author views his subject as the history of the emancipation of women from feudal constraints. 1331. Takamure Itsue 7 ~ l., Bokeisei no kenkyu ~ —,- ' j (A study of matriarchy), Tokyo, Koseisha Koseikaku, 1938, 15+645+3pp. This is the first volume of a projected but unfinished five volume history entitled A history of Japanese women (Dai Nihon joseishi) which was intended to cover this subject from ancient times to the present.
Page 158 158 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1332. Takamure Itsue i. _ t, Josei no rekishi -~ *? t t (History of women), Tokyo, Kodansha, 1954-8, 4v. An elaborate social history of Japanese women dedicated to the proposition that women can be emancipated from male dominance only through the establishment of a socialist or communist society. The arrangement is chronological. Vol. I covers the period from ancient times to the Muromachi period, vol. II the years from Muromachi to the Edo period, vol. III from the end of Tokugawa to the enfranchisement of women following World War II, while vol. IV deals with "the century of working women." 1333. Tatewaki Sadayo T27 0 -, Nihon no fujin 0 f ) -+ /_ (Japanese women), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1957, 208pp. One of the best known accounts of the women's emancipation movement in Japan written by a leader in that movement. It covers the period between the establishment of the journal Seito (Blue-Stocking) in 1911 to the second convention of the Japanese Mothers' Association in 1956. The last quarter of the book is devoted to postwar developments. See also Entries: 1274. 9. Religious Groups and Movements 1334. Oguchi lichi, tz \4 -, Nihon shukyo no shakai teki seikaku k i p- C Jt ' it (The social characteristics of religions in Japan. T6ky6, T6ky6 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1953, 214pp. A collection of essays by an assistant-professor at Tokyo University emphasizing the increasing professionalization of various religions in Japan. 1335. Saki Akio t ~[ t and Oguchi lichi 1, z t -, Sokagakkai $>1 A4 i l (The Sokagakkai), T6kyo, Aoki. Shoten, 1957, 250pp. A very interesting case study of a militant "new religion" in Japan known as the Sokagakkai or Value-Creating Society. Its theology is related to that of the Sho sect of Nichiren Buddhism, and it has played a very active political role in the past few years. Its candidates polled more than one million votes in the 1956 House of Councillor's election. 1336. Takagi Hiroo $- ]f(, Shinko shukyo A - L- (The new religions), Tokyo, Kodansha, 1958, 242pp. A discussion of the origins, social context, and nature of the many so-called "new religions" which have sprung up or become newly popular in postwar Japan, e.g., Tenrikyo, Sokagakkai. 10. The "Burakumin" or Eta Movement The traditional outcast sect of Japanese society, or Eta (sometimes called "Burakumin"), has long been organized politically. In recent years there have been a few studies of this interesting group which are of distinct political interest. 1337. Asahi Shimbun Osaka Honsha Shakaibu 4 ~ e w Y F6; A t ~ J (Asahi Press, Osaka Headquarters, Social Affairs Section), Buraku-sabetsuwa ikite iru ( -;- - l \^,. z.- ~ ("Eta" communities-discrimination exists), San Ichi Shobo, Ky6to, 1958, 258pp. A vivid reportorial account of life in the "Eta" communities by eleven Asahi reporters. Appendices give the texts of the Suiheisha Declaration of 1922, the program of the Buraku Emancipation League of 1957, the Japan Socialist Party's program for the solution of the "Eta" problem, and a table purporting to list by prefectures all "Eta" communities and the number of houses and persons in each. 1338. Buraku of -I (The "Eta" community), Burakumondai Kenkyujo, Kyoto, 1949+. Monthly. A unique journal devoted to "Eta" problems. Its bias is left-wing. Earlier issues, which appeared irregularly, carried such titles as: Buraku mondai kenkyu and Buraku mondai. 1339. Buraku Mondai Kenkyujo 4 t $ " { j e (Research Institute for "Eta" Problems), Buraku mondai kenkyu no tebiki 7 - ~ ~; A ' t -1 (Guide to the study of the "Eta" problem), Buraku Mondai Kenkyujo, Ky6to, 1957, 160pp. A very useful guide to the study of the "Eta" problem which includes a detailed bibliography and a chronology of "Eta" problems from 1867 to 1956. 1340. Buraku Mondai Kenkyujo ~ -' f1 ~ e ~ i't (Research Institute for "Eta" Problems), Buraku no rekishi to kaiho undo - -I e *t *_ ~ ~k (A history of "buraku" and their emancipation movements), Kyoto, Buraku Mondai Kenkyujo, 1954, 300pp. A history of the Eta or outcast groups in Japan and their communities (often referred to as tokushu buraku or special communities). The authors cover the subject from ancient times to World War II. 1341. Buraku Mondai Kenkyujo ~ ~- } - { t ~[ (Research Institute for "Eta," Problems), Burakushi ni kansuru sogoteki kenkyu ~ I -- ] o e. a 'b /j (A comprehensive study of the history of "Eta" communities), Yanagihara Shoten, Kyoto, 1956+. A multi-volume collection of source materials related to "Eta" communities from ancient times to the pres
Page 159 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND SOCIO-POLITICAL GROUPS AND MOVEMENTS 159 ent. Vol. I covers the period from ancient times to 761, and Vol. II the period from 763 to 1016. Later periods are to be treated in subsequent volumes. 1342. Naramoto Tatsuya * 4- _ - J ed., Mikaiho buraku no rekishi to shakai Tt C _ ff - ~' - tA A4 (The history and sociology of unemancipated communities), T6ky6, Nihon Hy6ron Shinsha, 1956, 404pp. A cooperative study of two "Eta" communities, one a mountain village, the other a fishing village. The editor estimates that there remain in Japan today some three million "Eta" or "Burakumin" grouped in about six thousand communities. Both case studies include political and administrative sections. 1343. Naramoto Tatsuya tf ~ *- r- ^J, Mikaiho buraku no shakai kozo - e _L -::f o A $ 4 L (The social structure of an "Eta" community), Buraku Mondai Kenkyujo, Ky6to, 1954, 338pp. A case study of "Kobayashi Buraku" in Nara Prefecture. Part I is an historical study of the community from its formation during feudal times to the 1920s; part II analyzes its contemporary socio-economic and political structure; while part III treats the "emancipation" problem in this community.
Public Opinion and the Mass Media
pp. 160-163
Page 160 CHAPTER XIX PUBLIC OPINION AND THE MASS MEDIA The mass media of communications have long been more highly developed and have enjoyed a larger and more literate audience in Japan than practically anywhere else in Asia. As a consequence of this and other related factors, the term "public opinion" has come to have a content and importance in Japan rivalled or surpassed only in Western Europe and the United States. There have long been Japanese works about the mass media, but it is only recently that scholars have begun to study them systematically in terms of the social and political implications, consequences, and potentialities of their organization and products. 1344. Asahi Shimbun Osaka Honsha Shashi Henshushitsu * f A o o t *,. f ' t- (Asahi Press, Osaka Headquarters, Company History Editorial Staff), Murayama Ryuhei den T, -L, {\ (Biography of Murayama Ryuhei), Osaka, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1953, 1122+150pp. A massive biography of the founder of the Asahi Press, Japan's greatest national newspaper. Murayama devoted his life to his newspaper from its establishment in 1879 until his death in 1933. His biography is thus a history of the newspaper for this period. The treatment is particularly detailed for the period up to 1909. 1345. Chiba Yujiro - t i ed., Shimbun t P] (Newspapers), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1955, 247pp. A volume in the popular "Library Series." 1346. Chiba Yujiro -f t ~ > ~, Shimbun to seiji to l *r iL + z (Newspapers and politics), Tokyo, Keiyusha, 1955, 277pp. 1347. Fujiwara Hirotatsu A ). f t, Gendai Nihon no seiji ishiki x ' $ v -: O (Political consciousness in modern Japan), Tokyo, Sobunsha, 1959, 389+126pp. An interesting behaviorally-oriented study of political consciousness in Japan based upon the author's field work and involving the use of interviews and personality tests. He treats such matters as right-wing nationalism since the war, the characteristics of political consciousness among the masses, among middleclass "leaders," among youth, and among laborers. 1348. Gojunin no shimbunjin ~ -- /- i -4 r/ A (50 newspaper men), Tokyo, Dentsu, 1955, 360pp. A collection of autobiographical sketches by fifty outstanding editors, reporters, and other Japanese newsmen. 1349. Hasegawa Nyozekan 6- f 7't -k- Id 1, Shimbun E Ill (Newspapers), Asahi Shimbunsha, Tokyo, Osaka and Kokura, 1954, 211pp. A brief but illuminating treatment of the basic problems of Japanese newspapers by the late doyen of Japanese journalists. Emphasis is placed on problems of mass-communication and public opinion. 1350. Hosokawa Takamoto, l) j ii, Jitsuroku Asahi shimbun. ~ 1 ~ t R (A factual account of the Asahi Press), Tokyo, Chuo Koronsha, 1958, 274pp. An inside story of one of Japan's greatest newspapers by a newspaperman who worked for Asahi from 1923 to 1947. The emphasis is upon the turbulent political history of the Showa period seen from this vantagepoint. 1351. Inoguchi Ichiro $ u - Sp, Masu komyunikeishon a A _ - ir- -> -(Mass communications), Tokyo, Kobunsha, 1951, 263pp. An introduction to the techniques and potentialities of mass communications. 1352. Ito Masanori 4~; i- I -, Shimbun gojunenshi - fif - t +-_-_ (Fifty years of newspaper history), rev. ed., Tokyo, Masu Shobo, 1947, 325pp. A survey of the history of the Japanese press from the end of the Tokugawa period to the end of World War II. 1353. Kaneko Hiroshi ~ J, Yoron no shinri j * ~ Ad t (The psychology of public opinion), Tokyo, Hata Shoten, 1947, 198pp. An introduction to the study of public opinion by an established academic authority in the field. It treats the origins and development of public opinion and the methods by which it can be studied and measured. An interesting appendix collects a number of surveys of Japanese public opinion at the time of the surrender. 1354. Kato Hidetoshi tj 4, Terebi jidai P - l' 4 a<' (The age of TV), Tokyo, Chuo Koronsha, 1958, 228pp. 160
Page 161 PUBLIC OPINION AND THE MASS MEDIA 161 1355. Koyama Eizo I' D: i-, Hikaku shimbungaku ib e4- fl t (A comparative study of newspapers), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1951, 8+245+8pp. An historical and comparative (Asia, Oceania, Europe, the Americas and Africa) study of newspapers by the head of the National Public Opinion Research Institute of the Prime Minister's Office. 1356. Koyama Eizo / D ~ _, Kohogaku 1 -~ t (The science of public information), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1954, 470pp. A comprehensive and detailed study of public information and public opinion, subtitled "the structure and functions of mass communications." 1357. Koyama Eizo '\- -' - _, Shimbun shakaigaku / Ad t (The sociology of newspapers), T6kyo, Yuhikaku, 1951, 7+265+8pp. A serious sociological study of newspapers by the head of the National Public Opinion Research Institute of the Prime Minister's Office. 1358. Mainichi Shimbunsha Shashi Hensan Iinkai - 0 ~ ] H t-? X X ~ A (Mainichi Press History Editorial Committee), Mainichi shimbun nanajunen c ~ At l 7o k- (A seventy year history of the Mainichi Press), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1952, 638pp. A detailed history of one of Japan's two leading national newspapers from its establishment in 1882 as the Nippon Pikken Seito Shimbun (Japan Constitutional Party Press) to 1952. 1359. Masu komyunikeishon koza -? X a n - - i >- ' / (Essay series on mass communications), Tokyo, Kawade Shob6, 1954-55, 6v. This is a monumental collection of essays on all aspects of mass communications. The titles of the six volumes together with the names of their editors are as follows: 1) principles of mass communications (Shimizu Ikutaro); 2) mass communications, politics, and economics (Shimizu Ikutaro); 3) newspapers, magazines, and the publishers (Kido Mataichi); 4) motion pictures, radio, and television (Minami Hiroshi); 5) contemporary society and mass communications (Hidaka Rokur6); and 6) a dictionary of mass communications (Nijuseiki Kenkyujo). Volumes 2, 5, and 6 are of particular interest to political scientists. The last contains chronologies, statistics, graphs, the text of relevant laws and bibliographies, as well as glossaries of professional terms. 1360. "Masu media toshite no shimbun" -z t / ^' 7e X L z t (Newspapers as mass media), special issue of Shiso, ft no. 368 (1955). A special issue of the journal is here devoted to the alleged monopoly of their field held by Japan's big three newspapers-the Asahi, Mainichi, and Yomiuri-and its effect on mass communications in Japan. A useful bibliography and a chronology of newspaper history are appended. 1361. Nagashima Matao -<. Y A, Shimbun kakumei ~- ~J 4 r (The newspaper revolution), Kyoto, San Ichi Shobo, 1957, 184pp. A criticism of the functioning of the Japanese press on the grounds that the present structure of the reporting and press system precludes satisfactory results. 1362. Naikaku Chosashitsu (/- j ~: _ (Cabinet Research Room), Jiji roncho 4. 1 Wt (Trends in current affairs), Tokyo, Naikaku Chosashitsu, May, 1958+. Monthly. A publication analyzing trends reflected in major Japanese newspapers, radios, periodicals, and books. A few book reviews are included. This publication replaced both Shuppan kaidai and Masukomi roncho. 1363. Naikaku,Ch6sashitsu (L- ' It ~I (Cabinet Research Room), Masukomi roncho -a A I; ' A (Trends in mass communication), Tokyo, Naikaku Chosashitsu, Jan., 1957-April, 1958. Monthly. A serial publication analyzing trends in public opinion on selected issues as reflected in the mass media. Replaced by Jiji ronch6 (Entry 1362). 1364. Naikaku Chosashitsu Il k, t 1 (Cabinet Research Room), Shuppan kaidai e. tk I, (Notes on publications), Tokyo, Naikaku Chosashitsu, Jan., 1957-April, 1958. Monthly. Contains summaries of important essays and articles appearing in major periodicals, together with a few book reviews. Replaced by Jiji roncho (Entry 1362). 1365. Naikaku Johokyoku mr 4 -- }'] (Cabinet Information Office), Kokumin seishin sodoin shiryo I 4 't.-too- t ~ t (Materials on the national spiritual mobilization), T6ky6, Naikaku J6h6kyoku, 1937+. This is the collective title of a series of publications started in October 1937 and publishing propaganda and inspirational materials intended to heighten the national morale during the China Incident. Number 4 of the series, Nihon seishin no hatsuyo "hakko ichiu" no seishin (The spirit of "hakko ichiu" [eight corners under one roof] and the exaltation of the Japanese spirit), is a typical example of titles contained in the series. A complete list of titles may be found in the various issues of the Naikaku Insatsukyoku's Kancho kanko tosho geppo.
Page 162 162 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1366. Naikaku Johokyoku l- ' #f 47 (Cabinet Information Office), Shashin shuho g A '_L - (Pictorial weekly), Tokyo, Naikaku Johokyoku, February 1938+. Weekly. A weekly propaganda bulletin devoted almost exclusively to pictures of the campaign in China. 1367. Naimusho Keihokyoku 1 -ff- t t*4-/ (Home Ministry, Police Security Bureau), Shuppan keisatsu gaikan id rf f X $t (Survey of publications for police use), Tokyo, Naimusho Keihokyoku, 1931+. Annual. An annual publication similar in content to the following entry. While mainly concerned with ideological trends of possible police interest, it also has a major section on pornographic literature. Includes many tables and graphs. So far as the writers have been able to ascertain, editions appeared only in the 1931-33 period. All were marked "classified."t 1368. Naimusho Keihokyoku J- 'X 4 4g <7 (Home Ministry, Police Security Bureau), Shuppan keisatsu ho,\ 6 -t # -0 (Bulletin of publications for police use), Tokyo, Naimusho Keihokyoku, Oct., 1928 (no. 1)-Sept., 1931 (no. 36). Monthly. A monthly journal intended to.keep the appropriate police officials informed of dangerous tendencies in current publications and developments in the field of censorship. All issues are classified and of a hundred pages or so in length. A typical issue contains articles on anti-war arguments in recent literary works, subversive materials distributed by Koreans, anti-Marxist opinion in recent periodicals, statistics on censorship and the interdiction of publication, report on the Sixth Congress of the Comintern, the Irish system of censorship, and a listing of banned socialist propaganda songs. 1369. Nihon Hoso Kyokai e > L- '_ A,- (Japan Broadcasting Corporation), Nihon hososhi 0 k 0 A t (History of Japanese broadcasting), Tokyo, Nihon Hoso Ky6kai, 1951, 1295pp. A detailed history of radio broadcasting in Japan from its inauguration in 1925 to May 1950. It treats the organization of the industry, governmental control, technical matters, programing, etc. 1370. Nihon Janarisuto Remmei V - 9- 'I1z F l '- (League of Japanese Journalists), Genron dan'atsushi * JKL r (History of the suppression of freedom of expression), Tokyo, Ginkyo Shobo, 1949, 160pp. A brief history of the suppression of freedom of speech and writing in Japan by a group of "progressive" scholars. There are essays on such suppressions during the Meiji, Taisho, and Showa eras and during the two world wars by Suzuki Yasuzo, Hirano Yoshitaro, Hatanaka Shigeo, and Suzuki Tomin respectively. 1371. Nihon Shimbun Kyokai f -r -1 t4 (Japanese Newspaper Association), Shimbun no jiyu e-f ^~ (Freedom of the press), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1952, 217pp. A collection of essays focussed on the subject of a free and responsible press. 1372. Nihon Shimbun Ky6kai 6a;- r * 'li / (Japanese Newspaper Association), Shimbun no sekinin Jt l {[ 4- (Responsibilities of the press), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1956, 8+212+4pp. A collection of essays by several members of the Japanese Newspaper Association emphasizing problems presented by the libel laws. At the end is a chronology of Japanese newspapers and events effecting them from August, 1945 to December, 1955. 1373. Nihon shimbun nenkan 0; f 1 -~ 4- (Yearbook of Japanese newspapers), Tokyo, Shimbun Kenkyujo, 1922+; Nihon Shimbun Ky6kai, 1947+. The 1947 edition contains a general survey of Japanese newspapers since 1931. More recent editions usually contain major sections devoted to: a general survey of the Japanese press, present circumstances of newspaper publishing companies, documents, personnel, and a so-called "data" section which treats radio and television as well as newspapers. 1374. Ogura Masataro aI- K&t ' ~ ed., Toyokeizai Shimpo genron rokujunen;+,/ - oi~o (A sixty year history of the Toyokeizai Shimp6), T6ky6, Toyokeizai Shimp6sha, 1955, 553+20pp. A history of the views and stands of one of Japan's leading economic journals from its establishment in 1895 to 1955. Part I documents its consistently liberal tradition, while Part II is devoted to the reflections and experiences of notable staff members such as Ishibashi Tanzan, a recent prime minister of Japan and longtime editor of the journal. 1375. Ono Hideo /-' t,t, Nihon shimbunshi a Zip i - (History of the Japanese press), Tokyo, Ryosho Fukyukai, 1949, 396pp. This is considered by many to be the most accurate and authoritative of the histories of the Japanese press. It covers the period from late Tokugawa to the Allied Occupation. 1376. Ono Hideo,h- 1f 4tt, Shimbun genron ~- Ni t * (Principles of journalism), Tokyo, Toky6d6, 1951, 330pp. 1377. Royama Masamichi J p t ol, Nihon ni okeru seiji ishiki no shoyso a s i t 3 v - 4 ^ (Aspects of political consciousness in Japan), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1949, 225pp. A collection of thirteen essays on various aspects of the subject of the political consciousness, attitudes, and practices of the Japanese people. Sections are devoted to such subjects as Japanese conservatism,
Page 163 PUBLIC OPINION AND THE MASS MEDIA 163 Japanese progressivism, ideas of groups and of democracy, political parties and the bureaucracy in a democracy, parties and labor unions, the political position of the intelligentsia, etc. 1378. Royama Masamichi 4 -^ C X- and others, Yoron ni kansuru kangaekata c 4I iM f 3 - (Reflections on public opinion), Tokyo, Shin Nihon Kyoiku Ky6kai, 1955, 290pp. An excellent collection of essays in the field of public opinion. Especially notable are Arase Yutaka's "The development of public opinion in Japan," and Isa Hideo's "Japanese politics and public opinion." 1379. Shimbun kenkyu.- ff tO e j (Newspaper studies), Tokyo, Nihon Shimbun Kyokai, December, 1947+. Monthly (Originally bimonthly). A unique professional journal devoted to the discussion of problems related to newspaper journalism and its relationships with other forms of mass media. 1380. Shimizu Ikutaro 4-,',A2 5, Janarizumu i-> - 'I X-A (Journalism), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1950, 182pp. A general account of the profession by a prominent sociologist on the staff of Gakushuin College. 1381. Shimizu Ikutaro -i iAf A t P, Rydgen higo -it t; t (Wild rumors), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1947, 179pp. A postwar edition of an earlier work discussing the relationship of groundless rumors to reporting and public opinion. 1382. Shiso no Kagaku Kenkyukai ~ M- e -? ~; ~ ~ (Society for the Scientific Study of Thought), Tenko 6 (7 (Conversion), Tokyo, Heibonsha, 1959, 3v. An excellent cooperative study by members of this society of the phenomenon of political conversion. It is based upon case studies of such switches in political allegiance by politicians, novelists, philosophers, scholars, and others. Vol. I treats the prewar period; vol. II, wartime; and Vol. III, the postwar period. 1383. Sorifu Kokuritsu Yoron Chosajo, 14 K L; t (Prime Minister's Office, National Public Opinion Research Institute), Zenkoku yoron chosakikan no genkyo! 1A M 1 - (The present circumstances of public opinion research agencies in Japan), T6kyo, 1952. A survey of vital statistics with respect to all agencies which conducted public opinion surveys in Japan from April, 1951 to March, 1952. This office also conducts its own surveys and has published notable studies of Japanese public opinion with respect to such matters as peace, education, the political purge, etc. 1384. Tokyo daigaku shimbun kenkyujo kiyo I,. t j j A t (Bulletin of the Institute of Journalism, T6ky6 University), T6ky6, Toky6 Daigaku Shimbun Kenkyujo, 1952+. Annual. The 1958 issue, for example, contains articles on: "The right to know" among journalists; freedom of the press in the Cheng-Feng movement; the distribution of the press in the Soviet Union; film appreciation in mass communications; and a study of political consciousness and communication behavior among urban residents. 1385. Ushijima Shunsaku I t t f(, Nihon genronshi ~; ~ ~ { (History of speech in Japan), Tokyo, Kawade Shobo, 1956, 196pp. A study of Japanese newspaper editorials and their social contexts from 1868 to the present. 1386. Yoron #> ~ (Public Opinion), Tokyo, Yoron Kagaku Kenkyujo, 1952+. Monthly. See also Entries: 440, 482, 484, 607, 1612, 1671.
Public Service and the Bureaucracy
pp. 164-167
Page 164 CHAPTER XX PUBLIC SERVICE AND THE BUREAUCRACY Prewar research in this field was normally confined to the writing of legally-oriented histories of the bureaucracy in Japan or the compilation of directories of public officials. Since the war with the introduction of American-style systems of personnel administration, a public administration dimension has been added to the older materials. More recently still, a few Japanese scholars have begun to study the bureaucracy as an elite group, but such work is not yet very advanced or popular in Japan. Students frequently find a need for detailed information on the identity and careers of public officials as well as the current personnel of major ministries and offices. This information is readily available for Japan. The basic source is the great series entitled Shokuinroku, published by the Naikaku Insatsukyoku before 1946 (See Entry 1398) and the Okurasho Insatsukyoku since 1947 (Entry 1401). Entries 1390 and 1399 represent specialized collections of comparable data for specific periods. These are also very helpful and somewhat more convenient to use. The entries under Chapter XIV, Major National Administrative and Advisory Agencies, are in many cases closely related to the following items. 1387. Adachi Tadao _ A, Kindai kanryosei to shokkaisei L - V i ~/] ] ~ ~ ~'J (Modern bureaucracy and position classification system), Toky6, Gakuyo Shob6, 1952, 8+262pp. A collection of five articles on the desirable characteristics of a modern bureaucracy and their relation to an adequate anrid scientific system of position classification by a professor of law at Kansai Gakuin University. The changes in the national personnel system introduced by the Occupation are under attack in Japan, and the present work is intended as an effort in their defense. 1388. Asai Kiyoshi A-; ' -', Komuin no seiji katsudo '5 e? X t ~ -/ t (The political activities of public officials), Tokyo, Rodo Bunkasha, 1949, 143pp. An explanation and justification by the head of the national personnel authority of article 14-7 of the personnel regulations forbidding certain types of political activity by public officials. 1389. Hirano Yoshitaro f ~ ~, Nihon kanryoseido ron f { J X (On the Japanese bureaucratic system), T6kyo, Choryisha, 1949. A highly critical study of bureaucracy in Japan by a famous left-wing economic historian. The author regards the present bureaucratic system as conducive to the development of monopoly capitalism in Japan. 1390. Ijiri Tsunekichi # 4 t AJ, Rekidai kenkanroku ',. % ~ (Historical record of the higher-bureaucracy), Tokyo, Choyokai, 1925, 968pp. This invaluable work covers in tabular form the establishment, changes, and chronology of every official position in the Japanese civil service of chokunin rank or above from 1868 to July 1925. It indicates all title changes, amalgamations and abolitions, and the names, civil service and court ranks and prefectures of origin of all incumbents throughout this period. The data are based on the Dajokan nisshi, Kampo and Horei zensho. Arrangement is by ministries, sections, offices, etc. This work is supplemented and extended by Shishido Shinzon's Meiji Taisho Showa taikanroku (q.v.). 1391. Jinjiin Jimusokyoku /< + Ft t; i t (Personnel Board, General Secretariat), Jinjiin geppo < + -PJ 4 4R (Personnel Board monthly), Tokyo, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, January, 1950+. Monthly. A monthly publication of general information on various aspects of the Japanese civil service, e.g., salaries, examinations, vacations, leave, etc. 1392. Kageyama Koji ~ b -k ~Z, Fukenkai giinroku f r -. ~< (Roster of members of prefectural assemblies), Tokyo, 1886, iv. 1393. [Kaku] Daijin kambo [h-] K E % - (Ministry of [ ], Secretariat), [Kaku] sho shokuinroku [a-] W.^ (Roster of personnel employed by the Ministry of [ ], 18[ ]+. Annual. Every ministry publishes annually a roster of all personnel employed by all offices under its jurisdiction. 1394. Konakamura Kiyonori,1 e -4 e-, Kansei enkaku ryakushi ~,j;- * - L-_ (Brief history of the development of the civil service), T6kyo, Yoshikawa Kobunkan, 1900, 132+158+170pp. The student of Restoration politics requiring information on the organization of the government and of the civil service during the late Tokugawa era will find this volume very useful. It treats all government and court offices and officials from early times to the Restoration in brief but definitive fashion. 1395. Mainichi Shimbunsha - f- S0 f - (The Mainichi Press), Kanryo Nippon f - ll X (Bureaucratic Japan), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1956, 279pp. 164
Page 165 PUBLIC SERVICE AND THE BUREAUCRACY 165 A collection of articles appearing in the Mainichi on many aspects of the professional bureaucracy in Japan, their training, power, scandals, philosophies and so on. Contains many good stories and practical insights into the actual workings of the system. 1396. Matsuoka Saburo e a - P, Komuin no rodoho-jo no chii / ~. e ~ {~ -ii e ) 4k k (The position of public officials with respect to labor laws), T6kyo, Nihon Hy6ronsha, 1951, 79pp. The extent to which public officials are entitled to the protection and privileges accorded labor and laborers by the constitution and laws of Japan is a moot question of considerable practical political importance. The author, a professor at Meiji University, here considers the problem from both theoretical and legal standpoints, comparing the positions of Japanese and American officials as well. 1397. Nagata Ichiro #i W - P, Komuin to shokkaiho / e ~; ' i -t A (Public officials and the classification law), Tokyo, Romu Gyosei Kenkyujo, 1950, 190pp. An explanation of the provisions and operation of the position classification system for public employees in Japan. 1398. Naikaku Insatsukyoku P MJ p $'] g (Cabinet, Printing Office), Shokuinroku ' S ~ (Roster of government personnel), T6kyo, Naikaku Insatsukyoku, December 1886-1946[?]. Semi-annual. Earlier editions of this great serial were compiled by the Naikaku Kirokukyoku (Cabinet, Archives Office), and were in some cases, known as Kan'inroku (Roster of officials). The work is an invaluable guide to government organization, functions, responsibilities and pay scales as well as to official and biographical data on government employees. It is issued semiannually in January and July. The January edition treats only kotokan (the higher bureaucracy and specifically those of chokunin or sonin rank) or those with equivalent assimilated rank. The introductory section gives an excellent survey of thetorganization of the higher civil service and of the government during that particular year, and lists by ministries and offices the titles and pay of all ehokunin and sonin positions. The body of the work is then arranged by offices with sections on the cabinet, the several ministries, the Diet, Korea, Formosa, Hokkaido, and the several prefectures. These list the relevant positions, name of the incumbent, his civil service rank and grade, salary, court and peerage rank, and address of official residence. There is a table of contents but no name index. The July edition is much larger. It covers kotokan, i.e., the higher bureaucracy, plus hanninkan,i.e., the lower bureaucracy, those with equivalent assimilated rank, Diet members, members of official commissions and committees and other public officials. Part 1 on governmental organization explains briefly the structure, organization, and duties of the cabinet, privy council, imperial household ministry, all other ministries of state, the courts, the Diet, government commissions, Korea, Formosa, the several cho (major civil divisions in overseas areas and Hokkaido), and of the various urban and rural prefectures. Part 2 describes the structure and functions of the major subdivisions of the cabinet, privy council, ministries of state, the Diet and the Court of Administrative Litigation. Part 3 is a table of organization, arranged by structural units from cabinet down to prefectures and showing all chokunin, sonin and hannin positions and their salaries. Part 4 consists of a detailed list of personnel arranged in table of organization fashion and giving title of position, name of incumbent and his decorations, court and peerage rank, civil service rank and grade. There is a table of contents, but no name index. For postwar editions see Entry 1401. 1399. Naikaku Kirokukyoku W 11 t - g (Cabinet, Archives Office), Meiji shokkan enkakuhyo o ^ V; ~ - g (Historical tabulation of government offices during the Meiji era), T6ky6, Naikaku Kirokukyoku, 1886 -93, 19v. A predecessor of the Shokuinroku and one of the best sources of information on the rapid changes in governmental structure and personnel which characterized the early Meiji period. The series covers all changes in governmental organization from 1867 to 1893. The first two volumes are devoted to a series of chronologically arranged tables depicting the establishment, amalgamations, divisions, and other changes in the structure of the government from 1867 to 1886. A chronologically arranged index summarizes these changes by the month. Volumes 3 and 4 cover the same structural changes during the same period but are structurally rather than chronologically arranged with sections on the Dajokan, cabinet, Kogisho, Shigiin, Sain, Uin, Kunaisho, the several ministries, imperial universities, Genr6in, Daishin'in, lower courts, Keishich6, the prefectures, the clans, etc. There is an index. A special section at the end of volume 4 lists the salaries of military and civilian employees of the Army and Navy and of officials dealing with foreign affairs. An appendix in the form of an organization chart shows the historical development of all prefectural governments during these years. Volume 5 is a variantly titled supplement to the first four volumes called Meiji shokkan enkakuhy6 furoku rekinen kantohyo (A chronological table of higher personnel appended to a historical tabulation of government offices during the Meiji era). This is arranged by years from 1867 to 1886, each section containing a table of organization for all major governmental units and noting the number of personnel of each rank authorized for each unit and the titles of these positions. From 1887 to 1893 all the foregoing data were compiled and published on an annual basis. To them were added the salaries of all positions listed. These annual compilations complete the set. 1400. Okabe Shiro t -f iLp, Komuin seido no kenkyu a;i. $' k e e 3 (The public service system), Tokyo, Yushindo, 1955, 359pp. A study by a government official of postwar changes in Japan's civil service system. Chapters are devoted
Page 166 166 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE to early changes by the Shidehara Cabinet, the effect of new labor legislation on the national personnel system, the criticisms and recommendations of the Hoover Commission, the enactment of the National Public Service Law, reform of the local civil service system, and to organizational and management problems. A detailed and very useful bibliography and index are appended. 1401. Okurasho Insatsukyoku f- t ~ FP ' \ (Finance Ministry, Printing Office), Shokuinroku 0. A (Catalogue of government officials), Tokyo, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, 1947+. Annual. This most useful series, published by the Finance Ministry, represents the postwar equivalent of the great prewar series issued under the same title by the Cabinet Printing Office (See Entry 1398). Although lacking some of the rich detail of the former publication, it is still one of the most convenient and reliable sources of information on the current organization and personnel of both national and local government. Starting with the 1957 edition, the work is published in a two volume format, rather than the previous single volume. Government structure and personnel are depicted as of Oct. 15 of the year preceding that shown on the title page. Volume 1 treats the national government and local branches thereof throughout Japan under four main categories: 1) a detailed series of charts depicting the organization and relationships of all major elements of the national government; 2) a legislative section, structurally organized, which supplies names, legislative districts, party affiliations, and local and Tokyo addresses and telephone numbers for members of both houses, plus comparable data for all attached legislative officials of section head (kacho) or higher rank, as well as the names of all lower officials of chief clerk (kakaricho) or higher status; 3) a bulky executive section setting forth the same types of information-names, addresses, and telephone numbers for kacho or higher officials, names only for kakaricho and above-for all national executive agencies and ministries and their regional or local branches (including the Foreign Ministry, Japan's embassies and legations); 3) a judicial section giving comparable information for all levels and types of courts throughout the country and their attached judicial and administrative personnel; and 4) a concluding section of the same type on public corporations and their branches, e.g., the Monopoly Corporation, National Railways, National Telegram and Telephone Co., etc. Volume II is devoted to local government structure and personnel. It gives generalized organization charts depicting the structure of prefectural and local governmental units as well as tables of organization showing the total number of general and special employees working for each of the 46 prefectures. The body of the work is organized by prefectures, and each section is subdivided into units identifying prefectural officials of kakaricho or higher status; the chairmen of all city, town and village assemblies; the mayors and chief officials of all cities, towns, and villages; plus a variety of subsections performing similar services for a variety of local educational institutions and public committees. Both volumes have detailed tables of contents. A map on the end-papers of Volume I showing the location of a large number of administrative offices in Tokyo is an added feature. 1402. Royama Masamichi Sv -\ K A, Kindai kanryo seido no hattatsu t4', {A $j o eA- (The development of the present system of bureaucracy), Toky6, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1951, 59pp. A brief study by one of Japan's most famous social scientists intended to elucidate the development of the present bureaucratic system in Japan through comparisons with the experiences of other countries. 1403. Sato Isao and Tsurumi Ryoichiro t fT /, F- -y - ~, Komuin ho /- -~!, (The national public service law), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1954, 664pp. A study of the several public service laws in present-day Japan, emphasizing the national one, but also considering the Local Public Service Law, and the special laws regulating service in the school system, the Foreign Office, and the public enterprises. An article-by-article commentary on the national law is included. 1404. Shishido Shinzan. ' Z iA, Meiji Taisho Sh6wa taikanroku w;~ / a- O M A % A (Roster of high officials of the Meiji, Taisho and Sh6wa eras), T6ky6, Dait6 Shimbunsha, 1931. This is a supplement to and extension of Ijiri Tsunekichi's Rekidai kenkanroku (q.v.). It is arranged similarly and gives the same type of information. 1405. Tanaka Sogoro W + t -a ep, Nihon kanryo seijishi a } v -o& ^ (A political history of the Japanese bureaucracy), Tokyo, Kawade Shobo, 1954, 261pp. A critical history of the Japanese bureaucracy from 1873 to 1941. The headings of the major sections indicate its coverage: I-The origins of the modern bureaucracy; II-Bureaucratic control of the political parties by means of compromises; and III-The Fascist transformation of the bureaucracy. A useful list of reference works is appended to each section. 1406. Tsuji Kiyoaki it2- A, Nihon kanryosei no kenkyu s; % t ) a _ (Study of the Japanese bureaucracy), Tokyo, Kobundo, 1952, 292pp. This is generally regarded as the most definitive study of the legal aspects of both the national and local bureaucratic systems. It is particularly good for the cabinet system. The author is a prominent professor of law at Tokyo University. 1407. Tsunoda Reijiro e 4 [ U, Chiho komuinho seigi ^ / f -. ^ ' (A detailed exposition of the local public service law), Tokyo, Gakuy6 Shob6, 1955, 432pp.
Page 167 PUBLIC SERVICE AND THE BUREAUCRACY 167 An article-by-article commentary on the law regulating officials in local governmental service. The author is an official of the Local Autonomy Agency. 1408. Wada Hidematsu 41 W e O~, Kanshoku yokai ~ ' -J f- (The essentials of government offices), Tokyo, Meiji Shoin, 1927, rev. ed., 372+32+45pp. A chronologically arranged dictionary of official offices from ancient times to the end of Tokugawa which has considerable utility for the student of Restoration politics. It defines the nature of all important offices and traces their development. 1409. Watanabe S6taro -i#- g / ~, Kanri no mokuhi gimu e F,. { t (The obligation of secrecy for officials), T6kyo, Yuhikaku, 1945, 105pp. A legal study by a well known authority on public and administrative law of the duty of public officials to keep classified matters secret. See also Entries: 947, 949, 952, 954, 956, 960, 969, 973, 975, 976, 1551, 1616.
Military Affairs, Militarism, and the Demilitarization Controversy
pp. 168
Page 168 CHAPTER XXI MILITARY AFFAIRS, MILITARISM, AND THE DEMILITARIZATION CONTROVERSY A military class has for centuries played a major and usually dominant role in Japanese politics. Its primacy was appreciably diminished after the Restoration, but was not substantially eliminated until Japan's defeat in the second World War and the enforcement of the new constitution with its prohibition against at least the open and formal maintenance of an army, navy, or air force. A rich professional literature has grown up about this process. It continues to flourish today in the form of works on Japanese military history, militarism and the socio-political role of the armed forces, the rearmament controversy, and the related debates over national security, missiles, atomic weapons, and warfare. At many points this literature is closely related to entries described in Chapters V, VI, X, XVIII, XXV, and XXVII, to which sources the student is referred. 1410. Boei Chodatsu Kenkyukai )f A it A (Society for the Study of Defense Procurement), Boei chodatsu koho W r j -.i - (Bulletin on defense procurement), Tokyo, Boei Chodatsu Kenkyukai, i?]. Weekly. A newsletter treating various issues connected with the Self-Defense Agency. 1411. Gunji nenkan + ]-,i (Military affairs yearbook), Tokyo, Chofusha. A general annual review of international and Japanese military affairs prepared by the International Military Research Institute (Kokusai Gunji Kenkyukai). Gives a quite detailed review of the organization, budget, and activities of the Japanese army and navy, and a more general account of military affairs, new weapons, etc. abroad. The chronology of military events and the summaries or texts of laws and ordinances of military importance are useful. 1412. Gunjishi kenkyu + -4,_ r e j (Studies in military history), Tokyo, Gunjishi Kenkyukai, March 1936+[?]. Bimonthly. Organ of the Society for the Study of Military Affairs. 1413. Hattori Takushiro _-^ e ~, Daitoa sensoshi / t ' ~ - (History of the Greater East Asia War), Tokyo, Masu Shobo, 1953, 4v. A description of both political and military aspects of the war in the Pacific. The author was chief of the operation section of Army General Headquarters during the war and an official of the Demobilization Board thereafter. 1414. Hayashi Katsuya 4t k L, Nihon gunji gijutsushi 0 - q - t e - (A history of the Japanese military technology), Tokyo, Aoki Shoten, 1957, 315pp. More social and economic than technological history, this work traces the effects of scientific advances, modern industry, and capitalism on the organization and operations of Japan's armed forces. It treats the period from early Meiji to the Second World War. A number of useful chronologies and charts are appended. 1415. Hayashi Katsuya $t ~ kJi, Ando Toshio -~ ~ A- and Kimura Kihachiro - $, A - ~ f, Misairu to Nihon t> - $ 4 (The missile and Japan), Tokyo, Toyo Keizai Shimposha, 1958, 281pp. An excellent critical analysis of the significance of missile warfare for Japan. It treats such matters as: the missile and the revolution in warfare, the value of Japan as a military base, Japan's self-defense forces in the missile age, the actual conditions of military bases in Japan, and the fiscal aspects of bases and armaments. The authors feel that it is futile for Japan to rearm, and are very critical of U.S. military policy towards Japan. 1416. Hayashi Saburo 4 O-, Taiheiyo senso rikusen gaishi > -t - ' ~ t, ~ _ (An outline history of land warfare in the Pacific War), Tokyo, Iwanami, 325pp. A military history of World War II in the Pacific Ocean areas. 1417. Hidaka Kinji 0 */ X i, "Kaigunhen 4 I * (The navy)," in Manchohosha k At - A-, Shin Nihonshi - 9;~ ~ _ (History of the new Japan), Tokyo, Manchohosha, 1926-27, v.1. A general essay covering the history of the Japanese navy during the Meiji and Taisho eras. 1418. Higashikuni Naruhiko Y _ K, Ichi kozoku no senso nikki - t a - 3 f a iJ (War diary of a member of the imperial family), Tokyo, Nihon Shuh6sha, 1957, 247pp. A diary kept from January 1, 1941 to October 9, 1945 by His Highness Prince Higashikuni, who headed the cabinet briefly at the end of the war. 168
Page 169 MILITARY AFFAIRS, MILITARISM, AND THE DEMILITARIZATION CONTROVERSY 169 1419. Hirata Shinsaku - 4: T, Kaigun tokuhon -; ~ ia 4 (Navy reader), T6ky6, Nihon Hy6ronsha, 1933, 30th Printing, 355pp. A general discussion of the history, organization, weapons, etc. of the Japanese navy intended for semi-popular consumption. The appendix contains a useful and extensive vocabulary of naval terminology. 1420. Hirata Shinsaku - 4 4F, Rikugun tokuhon V I A $ (Army reader), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1932, 51st Printing, 296pp. A general discussion of the history, organization, weapons, etc. of the Japanese army intended for semipopular consumption. The appendix contains a useful vocabulary of military terms. 1421. Hori Makoto 4 4 A, Kichi-sekai to Nihon t - - (Military bases-the world and Japan), Tokyo, Heibonsha, 1957, 271pp. The author discusses the background and problems of military bases in Japan and calls for the cancellation of the mutual security treaty between Japan and the United States. 1422. Hosoya Chihiro. * 4i f', Shiberiya shuppei no shiteki kenkyu.> ^;-,| Y, ~ J <,_ q (Historical study of the Japanese expedition to Siberia), T6ky6, Yuhikaku, 1955, 252+15+36pp. This is perhaps the outstanding study of Japan's participation in the international intervention in Siberia after the Russian Revolution, and its background in Japan's domestic politics. It covers the period from the October Revolution of 1917 to the actual dispatch of the Japanese expeditionary forces. 1423. lizuka Koji X ~ - -, Nihon no guntai a 4; i, e (Japan's armed forces), Tokyo, Todai Kyodo Kumiai Shuppambu, 1950, 274pp. A critical study of Japan's armed forces done from a cultural anthropological viewpoint. 1424. Ikeda Yu -, ~ l; ed., Hiroku Daitoa senshi i- ~ i ~ e ~ f- (Secret history of the Greater East Asia War), Tokyo, Fuji Shoten, 1954, 6v. A compendious account of the war in the Pacific by a former war correspondent. 1425. Inoue Kiyoshi J- -f', Nihon no gunkokushugi V 4, ~ @ - j (Japanese militarism), Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1953-4, 2v. Volume I is devoted to two articles on the reform of the military and militia systems in late Tokugawa times and the establishment of the imperial army. Vol. II treats the question of Japanese intervention in Korea and its relation to Japanese militarism, and the effects of the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars and the Siberian Intervention. 1426. Ito Masanori 4# ~ - -, Gumbatsu koboshi { { / C t (History of the rise and fall of the military faction), Tokyo, Bungei Shunju Shinsha, 1957-58, 2v. A popular history of the Japanese army, emphasizing its increasing power and status and eventual fall. 1427. Ito Takeshi, if t b ed., Boei nenkan At lt J J (Defense yearbook), Tokyo, Boei Nenkan Kankokai, 1955+. Annual. A very useful source of general information and statistics on Japan's new self-defense forces. 1428. Iwabuchi Tatsuo A -; - A-, Gumbatsu no keifu f " f e * (A genealogy of military cliques), Tokyo, Chiu K6ronsha, 1948, 166pp. 1429. Izu Kimio If ~- /z - and Matsushita Yoshio fi f -;, Nihon koza: gunji ~; 4u /E ~ (Essay series on Japan: military affairs), Tokyo, Mikasa Shobo, 1937, 379pp. A general text on military affairs. Part 1 is devoted to a theoretical and historical consideration of military problems at various times and under various systems of government. Part 2 treats military affairs in modern Japan. A section on the army covers its establishment, the conscription law, military administration, military armaments, and changes in the art of war. The section on the navy discusses the foundation of the navy, naval administration, naval armaments, ship-building, and the limitation of naval armaments. A separate section on the air force covers both army and navy air forces. A chronological history of wars and military incidents in modern Japanese history follows, and a final section is devoted to the connection between military administration and finances and political crises. 1430. Kaigun Daijin Kambo Bunshoka k ~ - C - t L t (Minister of the Navy, Secretariat, Archives Section), Kaigunsho nempo -I * -A A (Annual report of the Ministry of the Navy), Tokyo, Kaigun Daijin Kambo Bunshoka, 1875+[?]. Annual. A very detailed annual report on all aspects of naval activity. The sections on generalia, organization, accounts, personnel, and administration of justice are of possible interest to political scientists. 1431. Kaigun nenkan -j k. A (Navy yearbook), Osaka, Kaiji Gunhosha, 1926+[?]. 1432. Kaigun oyobi kaiji yoran - 4 4 - t t (Survey of naval and maritime affairs), Tokyo, Yushukai, 1921+[? ]. Annual.
Page 170 170 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE The emphasis in this series is primarily technical but there is some information of political value. It is divided into major sections on naval affairs and maritime affairs, the former containing subsections on Japanese and Great Power naval policies, warships, airplanes, armaments, hydrography, and navigation. All sections are plentifully supplied with statistical charts. Prior to 1926 this series was known at the Kaiji sanko nenkan (Maritime reference yearbook). Publication was suspended in 1924-25 and resumed under the present title in 1926. 1433. Kaigunsho -I ~; (Ministry of the Navy), Kaigun k6oho M - M '- (Navy bulletin), Tokyo, Kaigunsho, 1912+[?]. Monthly. 1434. Kaigunsho 4 - '" (Ministry of the Navy), Meiji junen seinan seitoshi o~ ~ t-t- w 7 4-f i-A (Records of the Southwestern Expedition of 1877), Tokyo, Kaigunsho, 1885, 6v. A detailed account of the navy's participation in the quelling of the Satsuma Rebellion of 1877. It consists of four volumes of text, one of appendices and one of maps and charts. 1435. Kaijo Hoancho Somubu Seimuka %4 - 4 - I _ -P.- ~ 4 K (Maritime Safety Agency, General Affairs Department, Administration Section), Kaijo hoan tokei geppo -; K -iS, A (- (Monthly statistical bulletin on maritime safety), Tokyo, Kaijo Hoancho, March, 1950+. Monthly. Gives statistics on the coast guard, rescue, harbor affairs, and waterways. 1436. Kichi Mondai Chosa Iinkait PS 4 * - k / A -t (Research Committee on Military Base Problems), Gunji kichi no jittai to bunseki ~ f * *F ~ A (An analysis of the actual conditions of military bases), Kyoto, San Ichi Shobo, 1954, 280pp. A critical study of the effects of American military bases in Japan on various segments of the Japanese people and their lives and of the attitudes adopted by the several political parties on this issue. The editors advocate the abolition of such bases. 1437. Matsushita Yoshio ' Af -T f, Meiji gunsei shiron ~ t M V - (On the history of the military establishment during the Meiji era), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1956, 2v. A massive and authoritative treatment of Japan's military organization during the Meiji era. The author emphasizes such matters as the independence of the supreme command, the conscription system, and the operations of the army and navy ministers and the high command. Volume I covers the period from 1868 to 1877, while Volume II treats developments from 1878 to 1912. The author is a graduate of the prewar official Military Academy, and now teaches at Kogakuin University. He is reportedly planning similar military histories of the Taisho and Showa eras. 1438. Matsushita Yoshio G\ f - -, Meiji gunseishi ronshu vg - ' t ~_ k ~ (Collection of essays on the military and politics during the Meiji era), Toky6, 1938, 338pp. A well-informed treatment of a number of important aspects of Meiji military history. The work contains essays on: the independence of the army command, the history of political crises and their relation to the system of military service ministers, changes in the system of military service ministers, changes in Imperial Headquarters, standards of military control in early Meiji and the army code and early military law. A chronology of military affairs is appended. 1439. Matsushita Yoshio f T $, Nihon gunji hattatsushi; 3 - ' ' A_ _ (History of the development of the Japanese military affairs), Tokyo, 1937. 1440. Mitarai Tatsuo -t /ut, Minami Jiro denki 4t7 4. $ 6J i (Biography of General Minami Jiro), Tokyo, 1957. 1441. Mori Goroku; - x, Kensei to gunjin ' K _ i A (Constitutional government and the military), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1936, 216pp. This is the work of a retired Japanese general, written with the assistance of Professor Sato Ushijiro, a well known authority on constitutional law. It concentrates on Japanese experience in this field, but also includes materials drawn from English and American history. Major sections are devoted to the military and politics, the nature of politics, constitutional politics, the national sovereign, the ministers and the cabinet, the privy council, the Diet, political parties, the cabinet system and the peculiar relations thereto of the service ministers. 1442. Nakano Tomio I Wt,{ A, Tosuiken no dokuritsu, ~ ~ e i -X- (Independence of the supreme command), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1934, 729pp. An authoritative account of the development and legal aspects of the unusual constitutional position and independence of the Japanese military. 1443. Nihon Gaiko Gakkai A;- F _ ~ 4 (Japanese Foreign Policy Association), Taiheiyo senso gen'in ron et J t. (Studies of the causes of the Pacific War), Tokyo, Shimbun Gekkansha, 1953, 776pp. A collection of special studies carried out over a three year period by more than ten specialists, and based primarily on a critical appraisal of the records of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East.
Page 171 MILITARY AFFAIRS, MILITARISM, AND THE DEMILITARIZATION CONTROVERSY 171 There are four major parts: I-Politics; a) the emperor, genro, and senior statesmen (jushin); b) bureaucratic structure and the Imperial Rule Assistance Association; c) the suppression of social movements; and d) the Manchurian Incident. II-,Foreign relations; a) developments before Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations; b) the Triple Alliance; and c) United States-Japanese negotiations. III-International Law; a) a legal explanation of the declaration of war; b) the theory of the rights of self-defense; and c) the Nuremberg Trials; IV-Economic affairs; a) the Japanese economy; b) the anti-Japanese boycott in China; and c) the oil problem. 1444. Ogata Taketora 7 ~r It, Ichi gunjin no shogai-kaiso no Yonai Mitsumasa - t Ak ^; -i vt ft -.} -f7 i - (A general's life-recollections of Yonai Mitsumasa), Tokyo, Bungei Shunjusha, 1955, 277pp. 1445. Okakura Koshiro C A,,, Nihon saigumbi a; 4 $* (The rearmament of Japan), Tokyo, Getsuyo Shobo, 1952, 253pp. A Marxist-oriented critique of the United States' Far Eastern policies, especially those affecting Japan, from 1945 to 1952. The rearmament issue is emphasized. 1446. Rekishigaku Kenkyukai R _ ~, ~ ~ (Society for Historical Studies), Taiheiyo sensoshi. -t 4 s- (History of the Pacific War), Tokyo, Toyo Keizai Shimposha, 1953-4, 5v. A Marxist-oriented study of recent Japanese military and political history based on the thesis that all modern Japanese wars have resulted from the plans of the ruling classes, i.e., the throne, semifeudal landlord interests, and monopoly capitalists. Separate volumes are devoted to: I, the Manchurian Incident; II, the China Incident; III, the first half of the Pacific War; IV, the last half of the Pacific War; and V, the treaty of San Francisco. Volume V contains a general index and annotated bibliography. 1447. Rikugun Daijin Kambo ~ f i 2- [ i (Minister of the Army, Secretariat), Rikugunsho tokei nempo M ) t $A — -*- _ (Annual statistical report of the Ministry of the Army), Tokyo, Rikugunsho, 1889+[?J. Annual. A detailed annual report on all aspects of army activities. The sections on organization, personnel, and finances are of interest to the political scientist. 1448. Rikukaigun gunji nenkan; 1 { - 4 J-. (Yearbook of army and naval affairs), Tokyo, Gunjin Kaikan Shuppambu, 1936+[?]. A detailed treatment of all aspects of Japanese military affairs. Covers the relevant imperial edicts, constitutional clauses and other legislative or military prescriptions, ranks and decorations, history of imperial military system, general accounts of army and navy and national institutions related to both, military service, military law, military statistics on past wars and campaigns, the airforce, descriptions of various private and public associations connected with military affairs, military finance, military publications, foreign relations, the Manchurian and China Incidents, and numerous other more technical aspects of military affairs. 1449. Sakurai Tadayoshi ~t l - f-, Kokubo daijiten )R ~1 i -0 ~ (Dictionary of national defense), Tokyo, Ch5u Sangyo Ch6sakai, 1933, 860pp. The work is actually more an encyclopedia than a dictionary. It covers all phases of military affairs, devoting major sections to the following subjects: imperial edicts, national defense, war, army, navy, and air force. It covers in considerable detail historical, contemporary, and technical events, terms and phrases of military significance. 1450. Sakurai Tadayoshi A + t;y-, "Rikugunhen A ~ * (The army), in Manchohosha A i.;-, Shin Nihonshi 4* e * ~ (History of the new Japan), Tokyo, Manchohosha, 1926-27, v.1. A general essay describing the development of the Japanese army during the Meiji and Taisho eras. 1451. Sambo Hombu I A -; 4 (General Staff), Meiji nijunana-hachinen Nisshin sen'eki o -; it < - -i t r' (The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95), T6kyo, Samb6 Hombu, 1912-14, 20v. 1452. Sambo Hombu -- t }? (General Staff), Meiji sanjunana-hachinen Nichiro senshi U 4 e t -A -, ~ p ~- L (History of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05), T6kyo, Kaik6sha, 1912-14. 1453. Sambo Hombu - 4$ f t (General Staff), Taisho sannen Nichidoku senshi t ~ - e a ] (History of the German-Japanese conflicts of 1914), To-ky, Sambo Hombu, 1916, 4v. 1454. Sambo Hombu Rikugunbu Hensanka /- A[ *J *$ 3 * 4 (General Staff, Army Section, Compilation Office), Seiseisen kiko #L #j P $d # (Records of the Satsuma Rebellion), Tokyo, Rikugun Bunko, 1887, 4v. The official records of the campaign against Satsuma in 1877. Extensive appendices give a day-by-day chronology of developments, situation maps and sketches, tables of organization, casualty lists, biographical sketches of high officers, etc. 1455. Shimomura Kainan f t 4 r47, Shusenki 4- ' $L~ (The termination of the war), Tokyo, Kamakura Bunko, 1949, 195pp.
Page 172 172 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE A very valuable account of the proceedings leading up to Japan's decision to end the war. The author was concurrently a minister of state and president of the Information Board in the Suzuki Cabinet (April 7 - August 17, 1945). It is particularly good on developments within the cabinet. 1456. Tabata Shinobu ~ Ak i-, Senso to heiwa no seijigaku f vt a K t (The political science of war and peace), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1952, 208pp. A collection of essays in opposition to any changes in the disarmament chapter of the present Japanese constitution. 1457. Takagi Sokichi ~ ~ ~, Taiheiyo kaisenshi 0 { if - ^ ^ (History of naval warfare in the Pacific), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1958, 340pp. A naval history of World War II in the Pacific. 1458. Takagi Sokichi ~ ~ A, Yamamoto Isoroku to Yonai Mitsumasa ' 4- - - AX ~ A t K (Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku and Admiral Yonai Mitsumasa), Tokyo, Bungei Shunjusha, 1950. 1459. Tanaka Sogoro t - - A, Nihon guntaishi p 4 ~ Ad t (History of the Japanese army), Tokyo, Rironsha, 1955, 223pp. A factual study of the history of the Japanese army from the end of the Tokugawa period to the SinoJapanese War of 1894-95. 1460. Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai ^ - r t - $ (Imperial Local Government Association), Genko heiji horei ruisan #j JT -f -;; 4 0 (Classified compilation of military laws and ordinances in force), Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai, 1930, 14th ed., 3v. A compilation of all statutory and sub-statutory legislation relating to conscription and military affairs in general. It is kept up to date by frequent supplements. 1461. Ugaki Issei - A - k, Ugaki Issei nikki - t - ~ ~ J (Diary of General Ugaki Issei), Tokyo, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1954, 413pp. 1462. Watanabe Seiki - _-;_ L, Genshi heiki to kokusai heiwa F. - -} l i t 1f tV- (Atomic weapons and international peace), Tokyo, Asahi Shimbunsha, 1958, 283pp. A semi-popular discussion of various technical and political problems created by atomic weapons and ballistic missiles. The writer is a member of the Asahi Press editorial staff. 1463. Yamakawa Hitoshi A '"1 {, Nihon no saigumbi e <4 {v (The rearmament of Japan), T6ky6, Iwanami, 1952, 172pp. A collection of four essays on the rearmament and national security problem by a former leader of the Japan Communist Party. See also Entries: 76, 604, 615, 616, 1697, 1711, 1725, 1752.
The Budget, Tax System, and Public Finance
pp. 173-176
Page 173 CHAPTER XXII THE BUDGET, TAX SYSTEM, AND PUBLIC FINANCE The entire subject of Japanese public finance is covered in considerably more detail in Chapter VII of C. F. Remer and S. Kawai's Japanese economics: a guide to Japanese reference and research materials, the economics volume in this series. The following section is largely limited, therefore, to basic works of value to the political scientist as well as the economist or to items appearing since 1950, the terminal date of publication for works in this section of the Remer and Kawai bibliography. The student's attention is also called to the relationship existing between the following sources and those listed in Chapter X, Section 3 of this volume. 1464. Chusho Kigyo Kin'yu Koko ' o f I L '~ I (Smaller Enterprise Loan Corporation), Chusho kigyo kin'yu koko geppo,I /: A / / 4 - (Monthly bulletin of the Smaller Enterprise Loan Corporation), Toky6, Chasho Kigy6 Shuppankyoku, 1954+. Monthly. 1465. Endo Shokichi I *:4 ed., Yosan - J] (The budget), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1955, 234pp. A popular but reliable treatment of the Japanese budgetary system by four specialists. The editor is a professor of Tokyo University. Contents include: the budget and the national economy; how the budget is made; where the money goes; the budget and the people's livelihood; and the budget and democracy. 1466. Fujita Takeo 4 7 i, Kindai sozei seido i <-%' ~ 3 LJ l_ (Modern tax systems), T6kyo, Kawade Shobo, 1948, 173pp. A good standard account which includes comparative data. 1467. Fujita Takeo X W 4 K-, Nihon shihonshugi to zaisei q; -f X t. _(Japanese capitalism and public finance), Tokyo, Jitsugyo no Nihonsha, 1949, 2v. A well documented study of Japanese public finance from the beginning of the Meiji era to the China Incident of 1937, together with an attempt to relate this material to the growth of Japanese capitalism. 1468. Hanato Ryuz6 2 - ft X, Zaisei genri gakusetsu v L K.t O i (Theories of public finance), Tokyo, Chikura Shobo, 1951, 441pp. A critical appraisal of representative theories of public finance by a professor of Kobe University. 1469. Hijikata Seibi J — t 4 X, Nihon zaisei no hatten 0;, it v & L (Development of public finance in Japan), Tokyo, Tonan Shobo, 1943, 552pp. A history of Japanese practices in this field from ancient times to 1942, emphasizing the military, irrigation, and public construction aspects of the subject. 1470. Hirata Keiichiro ~ { ~ -, Shin zeiho tL -/, (New tax laws), T6kyo, Jiji Tsushinsha, 1950, 23+ 665pp. A detailed explanation of changes in the Japanese tax system attendant upon the adoption of the reforms proposed by the Shoup Mission. A brief history of the Japanese tax system is included. The author was chief of the Tax Bureau of the Ministry of Finance at the time. 1471. Honjo Eijiro F - - t, Nihon zaiseishi e f t t _ (History of public finance in Japan), Tokyo, Kaizosha, 1926, 9+285+19pp. A standard history of the subject from ancient times to the Meiji period. Emphasis is placed on the taxation system. 1472. Inoue Kanae - - {, Hojokin no keiri J X i ~ Ad ~ (The management of subsidies), Tokyo, Minato Shuppan Gassakusha, 1957, 280pp. A general discussion of governmental subsidies in Japan, their legal bases, budgetary position and management, legal control, and the shortcomings of the system. 1473. Inoue Kanae 4 — -L A, Reikai kancho kaikei seigi #]j f ~ it, d $ (An illustrated exposition of governmental accounting), Tokyo, Hakuto Shob6, 1957, 16+517pp. A detailed commentary with numerous examples on the operations of the Accounting Law by a specialist in this field who is a member of the Board of Audit. 1474. Inoue Kanae * --;4, Yosan shikko no kijun IT 4 -~i J ~ i (Criteria for the proper execution of the budget), Tokyo, Seishin Shob6, 1955, 12+345pp. A detailed and technical study of budget administration by an official of the Board of Audit. 173
Page 174 174 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1475. Ito Han'ya 4 4 ~ A, Zaiseigaku gairon L K ~, (Outline of public finance), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1948. A standard work in this field by a professor of Hitotsubashi University. 1476. Jichicho - i ~ (Local Autonomy Agency), Chihozei seido shiryo,t t * [ t A' (Materials on the local taxation system), Tokyo, Jichicho, 1955-7, 4v. A voluminous compilation of laws, ordinances, decrees, etc. relating to the system of local taxation in Japan. Vol. 1 covers the period from 1868 to 1925, vol. 2 that from 1926 to 1939, vol. 3 from 1940 to 1947, and vol. 4 from 1948 to 1949. 1477. Kaikei Kensain F ie - Ft (Board of Audit), Showa sanjuichinendo kessan kensa hokoku I * _ - ~ I J ~i a it- -~ (Report on the auditing of settled accounts for the fiscal year 1956), Toky6, Okurasho Insatsukyoku, 1948+. Annual. This is an annual report of the auditing of the finances of ministries and agencies, organs related to the national government, and certain other bodies specified by law. It shows how the taxpayers' money has been spent, with emphasis on irregularities and misuses of funds. 1478. Kato Kiyoshi -;, Kakkoku sozei seido no kaisetsu ' (l ] A A t ^; Ub (Commentary on the tax systems of various countries), Tokyo, Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha, 1958, 335pp. A comparative account of tax systems in the United States, Great Britain, France, West Germany, Italy, and the U.S.S.R. The statistical appendices are useful. 1479. Kimura Motoichi fl t, -, Zaiseigaku soron ~ ~ -, ~ (Introduction to public finance), Tokyo, Shin Kigensha, 1951, 176pp. A standard text in the field by a professor at Hitotsubashi University. 1480. Meiji Zaiseishi Hensankai O;- t - AL t - * /A (Society for the Compilation of a History of Public Finance in the Meiji Period), Meiji zaiseishi aq A W K _ (History of public finance in the Meiji period), Tokyo, Maruzen, 1904-5, 15v. The authoritative and official history of public finance during the period 1868 to 1902. This is probably the most detailed and definitive treatment of the subject. 1481. Miyashita Takehira f,T, Kokka shikin i~ (National funds), Tokyo, Chuo Keizaisha, 1955, 12 +3 10pp. Public finance in postwar Japan has been characterized by the establishment of a variety of so-called "national funds" and special accounts, e.g., counterpart funds, the rehabilitation fund, special accounts for the national industries such as railways, telecommunications and the Monopoly Corporation, the Export-Import and the Japan Development Banks, etc. The present work by a member of the research staff of the Japan Development Bank analyses their development, use, relationship to public finance in general, and some of the problems which they create. 1482. Nihon Ginko Chosakyoku I 4 A 4X t * ~ (Bank of Japan, Research Bureau), Chosa geppo XJ it -_ (Monthly research bulletin), Tokyo, Nihon Ginko, 1948+. Monthly. A review of economic conditions at home and abroad plus a chronology and sets of major economic indices. 1483. Nihon Sembai Kosha 8 ~ [ 4 i:AL (Japan Monopoly Public Corporation), Tabako sembai gojunen shoshi t (I', p -,t _ (A 50 year short history of the Japan Tobacco Monopoly), Toky6, Nihon Sembai Kosha, 1953, 338pp. An official history of the Japan Tobacco Monopoly, one. of the major sources of national revenue. 1484. Nikkei Keizai Kaisetsubu V t. f *,L ~- (Department of Economic News Commentary, Nihon Keizai Press), Kuni no zaisei Ao oe t A_ (The nation's finances), Tokyo, Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha, 1955, 297pp. A popular treatment of various problems of Japanese public finance by the economic news commentators of the Nihon Keizai Press. 1485. Nogyo Gyogyo Kin'yu Koko % l| 5, 4 1 /, A) (Agriculture and Fisheries Loan Corporation), Koko geppo ' ~ f -e (Monthly bulletin of the Agriculture and Fisheries Loan Corporation), Tokyo, Nogyo Gyogyo Kin'yu Koko, Sept., 1953+. Monthly. 1486. Norin Chuo Kinko Chosabu / i + -/! i;: (Central Bank of Agriculture and Forestry, Research Department), Norin kin'yu - A /4 t (Agriculture and forestry finance), Tokyo, Norin Chuo Kinko Chosabu, Feb., 1948+. Monthly. 1487. Ogawa Gotaro,' "l A &p and Shiomi Saburo +- _., Zaiseigaku i y ~ (Public finance), rev. ed.; Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1944, 36+651pp. I One of the best known prewar texts in this field, written by two professors of Kyoto University.
Page 175 THE BUDGET, TAX SYSTEM, AND PUBLIC FINANCE 175 1488. Okurasho jt A ) (Ministry of Finance), Kokko no joky6 hokokusho 1 -4 -~ { $ (Report on the condition of the national treasury), Toky6, Okurash6, [?]. Quarterly. Sets forth information on such matters as: income and outgo from the national treasury, savings and obligations of the national government, and the state of relations between the Bank of Japan's note issue and public and private financial developments. 1489. Okurash6o K X (Ministry of Finance), Meiji Taisho zaiseishi se A X - ] tZ t. (History of public finance in the Meiji and Taisho periods), Tokyo, Zaisei Keizai Gakkai, 1936-40, 20v. This continues the data set forth in the Meiji zaiseishi in equally detailed and authoritative fashion. It covers developments from 1903 to 1926. 1490. Okurasho Daijin Kambo Chosaka K * 'A l E 4- A } - (Ministry of Finance, Secretariat, Research Section), Chosa geppo E A e-. (Monthly research bulletin), T6kyo, Ckurash6, [?]. Monthly. A professional journal for consumption within the Ministry. 1491. Okurasho Showa Zaiseishi Henshushitsu ( A ~ h d ~ -- F- 7 {* %O (Ministry of Finance, Editors of a history of public finance during the Showa Period), Showa zaiseishi ~ E \ _ - (History of public finance during the Showa Period), Tokyo, Toyo Keizai Shimp6sha, 1954+, 18v. A sequel to the official accounts for the Meiji and Taisho Periods. As of the end of 1957 some nine of the projected eighteen volumes had appeared. They treated such subjects as: fiscal institutions, appropriations, provisional military expenditures, taxation, national bonds, currency and commodity prices, banking (2 vols.), and local finance. They cover the years from 1926 to 1945. 1492. Okurasho Shukeikyokunai Zaisei Chosakai k ' ' j % #\ K - ~ / (Ministry of Finance, Accounts Bureau, Financial Research Council), Kuni no yosan IJ 'e -~ J (National Budget), Tokyo, Doyu Shobo, 1949+. Annual. Probably the most authoritative presentation of the official view of Japan's national fiscal position. It is not merely statistical but gives ample space to explanations of how the national budget has actually been prepared, and to its social and economic background. The contents of the 1957 issue (952 pages), are as follows: introduction; general account expenditures; general account revenues; special accounts; organs related to the national government; governmental investments and loans; explanations of amendments to the 1957 national budget; and explanations of amendments to the 1956 national budget. A variety of basic financial data and statistics are appended as supplements. 1493. Okura Zaimu Kyokai J A ( -* I~\ 4 (Ministry of Finance, Financial Affairs Association), Yosan ' t (The Budget,), Tokyo, Okura Zaimu Kyokai, April, 1950+. Bimonthly. Formerly called Meiso ~. (Clear window), it adpted the title Yosan from Vol. 6, No. 8. It features articles treating budgetary issues and problems. 1494. Ouchi Hyoe K ~ -, *-, Nihon zaiseiron-kosaihen ~ - ti td -- d * (Japanese public finance: on public bonds), rev. ed.; Tokyo, Kaiz6sha, 1937, 10+279+131pp. A standard work on the subject covering the period from the Meiji Restoration to the Manchurian Incident. There is an excellent statistical appendix. 1495. Ouchi Hyoe (; -4 f*, Sengo Nihon zaisei no ayunda michi e I h t R e t L A- (The course of public finance in postwar Japan), T6kyo, Jiji Tsushinsha, 1950, 341pp. A series of critical essays written from 1945 to 1949 by a famous specialist who is now president of Hosei University. 1496. Ouchi Hyoe ]C V -4 e, Zaiseigaku taiko 0 B tA. (Principles of public finance), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1930, 2v. A standard prewar text based upon the author's lectures at Tokyo University. An originally scheduled third volume was never published. Volume I deals with problems of governmental fiscal organization and expenditure, volume II with the theory of taxation. 1497. Shima Yasuhiko A f- -1 ed., Chiho zaisei no riron to jittai { e Ad 0 - L (Local public finance in theory and practice), Toky6o, Yhikaku, 1955, 272pp. A series of five essays generally critical of the existing system of local public finance. The editor is a professor of Kyoto University. 1498. Shima Yasuhiko % I 4, Zaiseigaku gairon at A_ r O (Introduction to public finance), Tokyo, Mikasa Shob6, 1950, 245pp. A general treatise on the subject written from a socialist standpoint. 1499. Shiomi Saburo ' - ~, Nihon zaisei seisaku V - y _, ~ (Japanese fiscal policy), Tokyo, Chikura Shobo, 1938, 13+495pp. A study of fiscal and tax policy during the critical years 1937-38 by a famous specialist at Kyoto University.
Page 176 176 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1500. Shiomi Saburo -; b -:, Sozeiron ~. $L N (On taxation), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1948, 16+298pp. A standard account of the Japanese tax system by one of the country's outstanding authorities. 1501. Suzuki Mosaburo X ~ 1 ~ 3, Zaisei tokuhon g & t (Reader on public finance), Tokyo, Jitsugyo Ky6kasho Kabushiki Kaisha, 1949, 408pp. A popular and quite critical account of the Japanese system of public finance by the leader of the Japanese Socialist Party. 1502. Suzuki Takeo X - ~ 1, Gendai Nihon zaiseishi j < a 4 it - t- (History of contemporary Japanese public finance), Tokyo, T6ky6 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1952+, 3v. A detailed chronologically arranged study of public finance during the Allied Occupation. Volume I covers the period from surrender to the fall of the first Yoshida Cabinet (May, 1947). Volume II covers the Katayama and Ashida Cabinets (May, 1947-Oct., 1948). Volume III, not yet published, will treat the period to September, 1951. 1503. Tada Kiichi 9f -& -, Kokuyii zaisan seidoron g /~; ~I $' (On the national property system), T6kyo, Okura Zaimu Kyokai, 1938, 24+574+27pp. A comprehensive description of the prewar system of national and public property with special reference to the National Public Property Law of 1921. 1504. Takagi Juichi $ 1 ~ -, Kindai kokka zaisei no riron < <^ - 1 s, g h (Theories of modern national finance), Tokyo, Keio Tsushin, 1954, 13+335pp. A discussion of the development of theories of public finance by a Keio University professor. 1505. Takeda Takao A W ] _, Endo Shokichi 1 *c A A, and Ouchi Tsutomu -t $ 7, Kindai zaisei no riron i t' 0 F - n g l (Theory of modern public finance), T6kyo, Jich6sha, 1955, 12+294+8pp. A standard text in the field by three Tokyo University professors. 1506. Tanaka Kotaro + ) - /, Chihozei kenkyu X - t ~ J (Study of local taxation), Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai, 1928-33, 3v. 1507. Tsuchiya Takao J- - / 4, Nihon Zaiseishi a, - [, (History of Japanese public finance), T6kyo, Kaizosha, 1930. A standard work on the subject from ancient times to the Tokugawa period by a noted authority on Japanese economic history and former professor of Tokyo University. 1508. Zaisei Janaristo no Kai t id- - - I z F ) ' (Financial Reporters Club), Zaibatsu to Okurasho t k n '* (The Zaibatsu and the Ministry of Finance), Kyoto, San Ichi Shobo, 1956, 212pp. A critical analysis of current problems of Japanese public finance by a group of reporters. See also Entries: 368, 965, 966, 1540, 1590, 1591, 1608.
The Courts and Judicial Decisions
pp. 177-180
Page 177 CHAPTER XXIII THE COURTS AND JUDICIAL DECISIONS Under the new constitution the Japanese judicial system has undergone major changes. It now plays a considerably more independent and important role in the governance of the country than was true before the war. In the works which follow, emphasis is placed upon postwar developments in this sphere. For convenience of reference entries have been classified into two categories: 1) works about the judicial system, and 2) collected decisions and commentaries. 1. Works about the Judicial System 1509. Hirotsu Kazuo '. ~- ~ ~, Matsukawa jiken $ I) ~ S, (The Matsukawa case), Tokyo, Chikuma Shobo, 1955, 302pp. A critique of the famous Matsukawa case by a Japanese novelist who has studied the case exhaustively. He has recently published a sequel to this under the title Matsukawa jiken dai ni (The Matsukawa case, part 2), Tokyo, Chikuma Shobo, 1956, 242pp. 1510. Idei Yoshio g ~f ', Kenji monogatari. -~ J ~, (Tales of a public prosecutor), Tokyo, Sogensha, 1950, 262pp. The author's experiences as a public prosecutor. 1511. Jurisuto Henshubu:/' '1 *Z. j, (Editorial Staff of the "Jurist"), Saiban hihan j i *- I'J, (A critique of justice), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 158pp. The results of a round-table discussion among eight specialists on current problems with regard to the Japanese courts, judges, and lawyers. Jurisuto is an outstanding professional legal journal. 1512. Kaino Michitaka / d - -, Hotei gijutsu -;, )iL, (Forensic technique), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1952, 8+465pp. A discussion of trial techniques, confessions, evidence, and pleading, and of trials viewed from the sociolegal standpoint by a famous scholar in the civil law field. 1513. Kaino Michitaka A 1L 4 - (ed.), Nihon no saiban; ~, J, (Justice in Japan), Kyoto, Horitsu Bunkasha, 1956, 326pp. A collection of essays on the Japanese system of trials, courts, and judges. 1514. Kashida Tadayoshi 4 0 -- W, Kenji monogatari d -+ i, (Tales of a public prosecutor), Tokyo, Yukonsha, 1956, 6+7+3+167pp. A critique of the prosecutor system by a former prosecutor, now teaching at Chuo University. 1515. Masaki Hiroshi ~- z, L., Kensatsukan [ ~. [, (The public prosecutor), Tokyo, Kobunsha, 1956, 252pp. A critical analysis of the Japanese procuratorial system, based upon a detailed study of the famous Yakai case (Yakai jiken). 1516. Masaki Hiroshi i-; P 2, Saibankan A hi ~ (Judges), Tokyo, Kobunsha, 1955, 217pp. A study of the Japanese judicial system based upon a detailed examination of several well known cases, e.g. the Yakai murder case (which was still undecided in the summer of 1958), the Mitaka case and the ChatterIey case. The author in one of Japan's best known lawyers. 1517. Masaki Hiroshi j_ i_ vt t, Waga hotei toso -7 P"' -I Lt -, (My struggles at the bar), Tokyo, Gendaisha, 1956, 241pp. A collection of essays on famous court cases by a leading Japanese lawyer. 1518. Miyake Shotaro A _3 ~- ~ Kp, Saiban no sho ~ ~\ 9 }, (A book on justice), Tokyo, Sogensha, 1952, 234pp. The reflections of a former judge and lawyer on the nature of justice and its relation to judicial procedures. 1519.Okamoto Mitsuo 1 * t -, Meidei saiban "- - J\, (The May Day trial), Tokyo, Meidei Jiken Hikokudan, 1958, 207pp. A discussion of the trial arising from the May Day riots of 1952 by the chief of the accused participants. 177
Page 178 178 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1520. Saiko Saibansho Jimusokyoku t ~ 'l it y -f ~ f, (Supreme Court, General Secretariat), Saibansho jiho i,J1 A 0 -, (Review of the Courts), T6kyo, Saik6 Saibansho Jimusokyoku, 1950+. Semimonthly. A brief bulletin of information about current judicial matters and problems. See also Entries: 338, 948, 990. 2. Collected Decisions and Commentaries 1521. Daishin'in hanketsuroku t_ % ' ' { (Compendium of Supreme Court Decisions), Tokyo, Chuo Daigaku, 1895-1921. Monthly. This is the official compendium giving complete texts of those decisions of both the civil and criminal panels of the Supreme Court which are regarded either as basic or as significant extensions of legal doctrine. It covers such decisions handed down between 1891 and the reorganization of the court system in 1921. Compiled by the Ministry of Justice. Continued by the Daishin'in hanreishu (q.v.). 1522. Daishin'in hanketsu shoroku $ $ 'j -J f * (Summaries of Supreme Court Decisions), Tokyo, Hosokai, 1891+[?J. Monthly. This journal has published summaries of Supreme Court decisions in criminal cases since 1891 and in civil cases since 1898. 1523. Daishin'in hanketsu zenshu A $X _ '] -st / t (Complete collection of Supreme Court Decisions), Tokyo, Horitsu Shimposha, 1934+[?]. Every 10 days. 1524. Daishin'in hanreishu _ %- 'J <| (Compiled Supreme Court Decisions), Tokyo, Hosokai, March 1922+[?]. Monthly. The official compilation of those Supreme Court decisions considered either as basic or as significant extensions of legal doctrine. Compiled by the Committee on the Study of Supreme Court Decisions (Dai Shin'in Hanrei Shinsakai). Each issue is divided into civil and criminal sections. Annual indexes, broken down into an iroha index, a subject index, an index by case numbers and an index by laws under which the case arose are provided. This series supersedes the older Daishin'in hanketsuroku (q.v.). 1525. Daishin'in keiji hanrei yoshi ruishu K $ In iJ - *'1 {1X'J < ' I. (Classified summary of criminal decisions of the Supreme Court), Toky6, Chuo Daigaku, 1922. A systematic summary of all those decisions of the criminal panel of the Supreme Court which are set forth in extenso in the Daishin'in hanketsuroku (q.v.), i.e. selected decisions handed down between 1891 and 1921. Decisions summarized herein are keyed to their sources in the Daishin'in hanketsuroku for ready reference. 1526. Daishin'in minji hanrei yoshi ruishu _ i ( t -- ^\ ~l ~ ~., (Classified summary of civil decisions of the Supreme Court), Toky6, Chiuo Daigaku, 1922. A systematic summary of all those decisions of the civil panel of the Supreme Court which are set forth in extenso in the Daishin'in hanketsuroku (q.v.), i.e. selected decisions handed down between 1891 and 1921. Decisions summarized herein are keyed to their sources in the Daishin'in hanketsuroku for ready reference. 1527. Gekkan hanrei P S\1 I '1 '1 (Monthly cases), Tokyo, Horitsu Shimposha, 1946+[?]. A postwar version of one of the many prewar monthly reviews of important judicial decisions handed down by Japanese courts. 1528. Gyosei Saibansho AT ~t G ' ~ (Court of Administrative Litigation), Gyosei saibansho hanketsuroku t ~t? ''1 f ~1 '- 41 (Compendium of decisions of the Court of Administrative Litigation), Toky6, Gy6sei Saibansho, November 1895+[?]. Monthly. A monthly compilation, bound and indexed annually, which sets forth the complete text of all decisions by the Court of Administrative Litigation. 1529. Gyosei Saibansho if I *'I l - (Court of Administrative Litigation), Gyosei saibansho hanrei yoshi ruishu At t *,1?[- #'] 0,1 - t - X (Classified collection of abstracts of decisions of the Court of Administrative Litigation), Tokyo, Chuo Daigaku, 1909. Covers in summary fashion the decisions and reasoning of the court in cases heard from its establishment in 1890 to 1908. Conveniently arranged and indexed. 1530. Hanrei jiho *'] 0 i- -W, (Review of judicial decisions), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha Hanrei Jiho Kankokai, June 1953+. 3 times a month (Originally twice a month). A professional legal journal devoted to a review of leading judicial decisions. Special numbers are published from time to time.
Page 179 THE COURTS AND JUDICIAL DECISIONS 179 1531. Hanrei kenkyu #' 10'1 0 I (Studies of judicial decisions), Tokyo, Hanketsurei Chosajo, 1924+[?]. Monthly. Organ of the Society for the Study of Judicial Decisions (Hanrei Kenkyukai). 1532. Hanrei kenkyu '| 41'] /ki ', (Studies of judicial decisions), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, January 1949+. A professional journal devoted to review and commentary on judicial decisions, edited by the Tokyo University Judicial Decision Study Groun. This seems to be a continuation of Hanrei kenkyu (Entry 1531). 1533. Hanrei minjiho l ~'J ~i ] -iA (Civil law decisions), Tokyo, Minjiho Hanrei Kenkyukai, 1921+[?]. Annua. Organ of the Society for the Study of Civil Law Decisions, a group of professors drawn from several major law faculties. 1534. Hanrei taimuzu,'j A g d A x", (Judicial decision times), Hanrei Taimuzusha, March 1948+. Monthly. A professional law journal with emphasis on the review of judicial decisions. 1535. Hogaku Kenkyukai -X t H ~ j / (Legal Research Society), Hanrei taikan ~'1 1'# K -J (Collection of judicial decisions), Tokyo, Tokoiwa Shobo, 1932, 10v. Contains summaries of the decisions, instructions, and responses of all courts below the Daishin'in (Supreme Court) from 1924 to 1931. These are classified by the law or ordinance under which the case arose. An index is appended. 1536. Homusho Shomukyoku i; t* pi 4 X, (Ministry of Justice, Litigation Bureau), Shomu geppo. - - {. A, (Monthly bulletin of litigation), Tokyo, Homusho Shomukyoku, April 1955+. Monthly. Devoted largely to judicial decisions in civil cases involving the interests of the state. The Litigation Bureau acts for the government in legal disputes between civilians and the government or government officials. 1537. Kaiin shimbansho saiketsuroku 4f ~ ~ ~'1 t* A; - # (Review of judgments concerning maritime jurisdiction), Toky6, Nihon Kaigi Ky6kai, April 193 5+[?]. Monthly. 1538. Minobe Tatsukichi A?| -.-L t, Hyoshaku koho hanrei taikei t t / l I\ {\ K-. (Critical commentary on judicial decisions in the field of public law), Tokyo, Yuihikaku, 1933, 2v. A compilation of comments by one of Japan's outstanding legal authorities on judgments in the field of public law handed down between 1912 and 1932. Similar comments on cases of later date will be found in the same author's Sh6wa [ ]nendo koh6 hanrei hy6shaku (q.v.). 1539. Minobe Tatsukichi t 7$ 6 L ~, Showa [ ]nendo koho hanrei hyoshaku ~ z [ ]~ jt i X.;- 1 At (Critical commentary on decisions in the field of public law rendered in the year 19[ ]), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 193 5+[?]. A year-by-year extension of the author's comments on public law judgments originally compiled for the years 1912-32 in his Hyoshaku koho hanrei taikei (q.v.). The issues of 1933 and 1934 both appeared during 1935. 1540. Nakagawa Ichiro * 1I - ~p (ed.), Sozei hanrei L 3t *1 4,J, (Judicial decisions in tax cases), Kyoto, Sankosha, 1954, 69+317+21pp. A collection of summaries of court decisions in tax cases with an elaborate index of cases cited. 1541. Saiko Saibansho f *1 A '1 t, (Supreme Court), Koto saibansho hanreishu X - ~ ^\ ~ A1!, (Compiled higher court decisions), Tokyo, Saiko Saibansho, 1947+. Monthly. An official compilation of basic or significant Higher Court decisions selected by a Committee on Decisions attached to each such court. Issues are divided into civil and criminal sections. There is an annual index. 1542. Saiko Saibansho Jimusokyoku t 47 A J O 4- W t, (Supreme Court, General Secretariat), Dai isshin keiji saibanreishu #r - I ~! 'J I #, (Collection of judicial decisions in penal cases delivered by courts of first instance), Tokyo, Saiko Saibansho Jimusokyoku, 1958+. Monthly. A collection of important decisions in this field by courts throughout the country. 1543. Saiko Saibansho Jimusokyoku ~ '1 4 J f i 7, (Supreme Court, General Secretariat), Gyosei jiken saiban reishu iT t - f ~ 4 'J {'] If, (Compiled decisions in administrative cases), Tokyo, Hosokai, 1950+. Monthly. An official compilation of significant decisions in administrative cases by Higher or District Courts throughout Japan. Indexed annually. 1544. Saik Saibansho Jimusokyoku 9 71 'J 4' t ~ ~ i 7, (Supreme Court, General Secretariat), Gyosei jiken sosho nenkan t ac 4t it 0i ' - 1, (Yearbook of administrative litigation), 1949+. Annual. An annual compilation of important decisions in the field of administrative litigation, to which are added charts and tables descriptive of trends.
Page 180 180 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1545. Saiko Saibansho Jimusokyoku A- 4 9 '1 r1 + X.- 4, (Supreme Court, General Secretariat), Kakyu saibansho minji saiban reishu -rf K.- V ' y t A f a 4It A, (Compiled lower court decisions in civil cases), T6ky6, Saik6 Saibansho Jimus6kyoku, May, 1950+. Monthly. An official compilation of those decisions of Higher Courts and District Courts judged to be of general interest or significance by the Supreme Court's General Secretariat. It omits decisions in cases appealed to the Supreme Court as well as those in the areas of administration, labor, and family relations. There is an annual index. Early issues were published by the Hosokai. 1546. Saik6 Saibansho Jimusokyoku %L i * 'J ~ 4, I*. ~, (Supreme Court, General Secretariat), Katei saiban gepp6o - fJ. ^$J, (Monthly report on family relations cases), T6kyo, Saik6 Saibansho Jimusokyoku, 1950+. Monthly. Each issue contains the text of significant decisions in this field by various courts throughout Japan plus basic data, special studies, and essays relating to this subject. 1547. Saiko Saibansho Jimusokyoku - & ~ }'J at T I, (Supreme Court, General Secretariat), Rodo kankei minji saiban reishu - 4 ~, 4 b j 1, (Compiled decisions in civil cases relating to labor relations), Tokyo, Saiko Saibansho Jimus6kyoku, 1950+. Bimonthly. An official compilation of civil, as well as administrative, cases relating to labor affairs. Indexed annually. 1548. Saiko Saibansho Jimusokyoku ~ i ~ ^\ ( ~ f h, (Supreme Court, General Secretariat), Saiko saibansho hanreishu I- V A ~'J e- *tj, (Compiled Supreme Court decisions), Tokyo, Saiko Saibansho Hanrei Chosakai, 1947+. Monthly. An official compilation of Supreme Court decisions considered either to be basic or to represent significant extensions or elaborations of existing doctrine. This series supersedes Daishin'in hanreishu (Entry 1524) with the enforcement of the new constitution on May 3, 1947. Each issue is divided into civil and criminal sections. There is an annual index. 1549. Shiho gyosei hanrei iho5 q A 'I it {1 I -+ (Classified bulletin of cases on the administration of justice and administration), Tokyo, Hanrei Ihosha, 1894+[? ]. Bimonthly. Covers all important decisions affecting administration and the court system. 1550. Takakubo Kihachiro, } /< ~, Horitsu gakusetsu hanrei hyoron zenshu -, y ~ $ 1 ' {a * ' /. ~ (A critical compendium of cases and legal theories), T6ky6, Horitsu Hy6ronsha, 1913+[?]. Annual. A very useful annual compilation and summary of the facts, decisions and grounds, commentary and criticism on a large number of cases heard by the Supreme Court and inferior courts. A summary of the decisions of the Court of Administrative Litigation, including the relevant instructions and responses of the Ministry of Justice, is appended. The collection is primarily based on materials appearing monthly in the journal Horitsu hy6ron, supplemented from other sources. Contents are classified into sections on civil law, commercial law, criminal law, etc. A detailed subject index and an article-by-article index of major laws are appended. There is also a two volume general index for volumes 1-14. See also Entries: 313, 315, 316, 320, 321, 323, 324, 329, 330, 333, 348, 350, 757.
Local Government and Politics
pp. 181-191
Page 181 CHAPTER XXIV LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS The literature on Japanese local governments is enormous, and only a small fraction of the more basic reference sources is set forth irn.the following list. These range from the major yearbooks in the field giving detailed annual accounts of developments, through extensive collections of the laws and ordinances regulating the local government system and legal commentaries thereon, to statistical compilations of information about various units of local government and texts and histories of development and practice in this field. The range of materials is broad, and the student should be able to locate among them several sources bearing directly on his particular problem. The legal and administrative relationships of the specialized field of local government to the broad fields of constitutional and administrative law are covered by entries set forth in chapters VIII and IX. For convenience of access, the following entries have been classified into four main categories: 1) collections of laws and ordinances, 2) local government in general, 3) official publications of local governments, and 4) the local political process. 1. Collections of Laws and Ordinances In prewar times there were numerous specialized collections of laws and ordinances relating to local government (See, for example, Entries 1558 and 1559). Similar collections are less numerous since the war, and perhaps only two deserve special notice, the Jichich6 publications listed as Entries 1553 and 1554. Of course, many of the items listed in Chapter VII, Section 1 devote major sections to the texts of laws and ordinances relating to local government. 1551. Chiho Jichicho W-J ~ a i, (Local Autonomy Agency), Chih6 k6muin seido shiryo ~- / ~ *$'J t if t, (Source materials on the local public service system), Toky6, Okurash6, 1955, 3v. A comprehensive collection of laws, ordinances, and other materials with respect to local public officials. Volume 1 covers the period from early times to 1868, volume 2 from 1868 to 1940, and volume 3 from 1941 to the present. 1552. Dai Nihon H6rei Fuliyukai Pf.- A - k it -t- (Japanses Association for the Popularization of Law), Join teku shiki genko dai-T6kyo hoki -"3 '/ T- 7- i -. A q -A. A (Loose-leaf compendium of laws and regulations in force in greater Tokyo), Tokyo, Dai Nihon Horei Fukyukai, 1925, 5v. Covers all laws and regulations in force which have been issued by Tokyo Prefecture (T6kyo-fu), the city of Tokyo (Tokyo-shi), or the Metropolitan Police Bureau (Keishicho), as well as a selection of laws and regulations concerning the Imperial Diet and the system of local government in general. The volumes are classified and there are both subject and chronological indexes. A monthly supplement was issued between editions. 1553. Jichicho 6 id ), (Local Autonomy Agency), Chtho gyosei hoki 4b # z -^ _i, (Laws and regulations relating to local government and administration), rev. ed., Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai, 1958, 7v. A recent revision of a work originally published in 1947 which collects all major laws and regulations pertaining to local government and administration and covers the numerous changes and revisions which have occurred since the enactment of the basic Local Autonomy Law in 1947 and the large scale amalgamations of towns and villages between 1953 and 1956. 1554. Jichicho ~ -O t~, (Local Autonomy Agency), Chiho seido kankei horei enkakushi j f /j )l ~ / -;~, k * Y _L, (History of laws and ordinances concerning the local government system), Tokyo, Local Autonomy Agency, 1955-56, 2v. One of the most useful of the compilations of laws and ordinances on this subject. It reproduces the texts of all relevant laws and ordinances save those of fleeting or minor importance. Both volumes are organized into sections on: prefectures (dofuken), counties (gun), cities, towns, and villages (shich6son), and miscellaneous. Volume 1 covers legislation from the enactment of the Household Registration Law (kosekiho) in 1871 to the end of 1935; volume 2 covers the period from 1936 to the coming into force of the Local Autonomy Law (chiho jichiho) on May 3, 1947. Both volumes have appended a detailed title and date list of all laws and ordinances affecting local government, including those omitted from the collection itself. 1555. Jichikan 1 i 't (Self Government Institute), Dofusei yumensei kankei hoki iLt ' _ t $(' M t-O 4D (Laws and regulations relating to the organization of circuits, urban prefectures, and local governments), Tokyo, Jichikan, 1931. 1556. Naimu Daijin Kambo Bunshoka ~ r - g [ ~ - J (Minister of the Interior, Secretariat, Archives Section), Shinkyu taisho chiho seido kankei hoki 4, { 1-. i Jt Al A L- A (Laws and regulations relating to the system of local government and contrasting the old and the new provisions), Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai, 1926. 181
Page 182 182 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1557. Shibata Yoshihiko. W ~ 4, Fuken shichoson hoki soran,-, -4?J IL '. V j, (General survey of laws and ordinances relating to prefectures and units of local government), Tokyo, Ganshod6, 1932. 1558. Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai ~ I -t t f eL_ ~ (Imperial Society for the Study of Local Government), Jitsurei hanrei sonyu shisei chosonsei oyobi fukensei - ' J 4lJ $t $,J t\ t _ ].,1 (Municipal, local, and prefectural administration with illustrations and leading cases), Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai, 1930, 4th ed. This is a collection of all laws, ordinances, regulations, notices, etc. pertaining to local government. It also notes the leading judicial decisions on these laws and ordinances. It is issued in loose-leaf format and supplemented twice a year. 1559. Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai I ' ~ f T t ~_ t (Imperial Local Government Association), Kajo jizai genko [kaku dofuken] reiki zenshu z. A- j f [f,, At 4 - A [ (Loose-leaf compendium of current ordinances and regulations [for all major civil divisions]), Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai, 1924+[?]. This is the title of a series of works intended to cover laws and regulations in force in all urban and rural prefectures and Hokkaido. All volumes and sets within the series were issued in loose-leaf form and kent up to date by supplements. By 1934 the following volumes and sets within the series had been issued: T6kyo and the Keishich6 (Metropolitan Police Board), Osaka, Kyoto, Hokkaido, Kanagawa, Ishikawa, Yamanashi, Nagano, Saitama, Tottori, Tokushima, Hyogo, Chiba, Shiga, Fukushima, Iwate, Yamagata, Aomori, Akita, Okayama, Fukuoka, Kagawa, Kochi, Shizuoka, Gumma, Kumamoto, Kagoshima, Miyazaki, Miyagi, Fukui, Shimane, Toyama, Yamaguchi, Ibaragi, Oita, Saga, Tochigi, Okinawa, and Niigata. 1560. Teikoku Horitsu Kenkyukai ~ -; l t /A' (Imperial Society for the Study of Laws), Kaisei chiho seido shohoki g_ X_ f % \ jt * -~ A (Various laws and regulations relating to the revised system of local government), Tokyo, Taibunkan, 1931. 1561. Yajima Toshijiro - A {l -~, Kajo jizai sansho jobun fu shise i chosonsei X if Af- t.. ' Fi._t ~f it J (Loose-leaf compendium on municipal and local government with texts and references), Tokyo, Seikodo, 1931. See also Entries: 1476. 2. Local Government in General With the establishment of the Allied Occupation, the Japanese system of local government underwent a series of very marked legal, structural, and administrative changes. The intent of the SCAP authorities was to bolster democracy in Japan by drastically decentralizing the governmental process and thus making it more amenable to local control at the prefectural, city, town, and village levels. The far-reaching centralization of the prewar system is thus matched by the extensive legal decentralization of the postwar system. a. Prewar Local Governments 1562.Akiyama Kunizo {/; <\ i -, ed., Kodo enkakushi /a tI - ~ _, (History of local public associations), Kyoto, Moto Kyoto-shi K6do Kumiai Rengokai Jimusho, 1943-44, 2v. A history of local public associations (k6d6 kumiai) in the city of Kyoto. This particular type of local association was first established in Kyoto at the urging of the national government in 1897. They were intended to facilitate liaison between the people and the higher levels of government. The system continued until 1940, when the k6d6 kumiai were reorganized into chonaikai and tonarigumi, which served as the lowest levels of administrative organization in wartime Japan. Volume one of the present entry treats the general development of municipal government in Kyoto, while volume two is more specifically devoted to the history of the kod6 kumiai. 1563. Anayama Tokutaro ( d-, % 2A- i, Meiji gannen fuken gaihyo,ag e- O - J7 (Survey of the prefectures in 1868), Tokyo, 1868. 1564. Chiho gyosei _t X A A_ (Local government), Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai, July 1895+[?]. Monthly. The organ of the Imperial Local Government Association, one of the oldest and most respected of Japanese learned societies. 1565. Chiho gyosei nenkan a_ -- ~ E_ ~ ~ (Local government yearbook), Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai, 1921-1922. 1566. Dai Tokyo nenkan k < X X (Greater Tokyo yearbook), Tokyo, Dai Tokyosha, 1931+[?]. An extremely detailed annual compilation of facts and statistics of every description on the metropolitan Tokyo area. 1567. Igarashi Kozaburo z -+ -, Shisei chosonsei chikujoshikai t jf - iL< f (Article-byarticle commentary on municipal and local governmental organization), Tokyo, Jichikan, 1930, 5th rev. ed.
Page 183 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 183 1568. Isomura Eiichi A' t. L -, Ku no kenkyu i. e A $j (Study of,districts"), Tokyo, 1936, 357pp. A detailed study of the social and governmental aspects of all varieties of districts (ku). It treats the ku system in Tokyo, self-governing districts, special administrative districts, so-called production districts, etc., and considers the integration of the district system with the new metropolitan area system. An index of relevant laws and ordinances is appended. 1569. Jichi kikan 0.7 ^ Il (Agencies of self-government), Tokyo, Jichikan, 1900+[?]. Monthly. The semi-official organ of the association of local government officials. 1570. Kikegawa Hiroshi t t 'I *, Meiji chiho jichi seido no seiritsu katei o -7a t t i e *1 A @ A is- _L, (The establishment of the Meiji system of local government), T6ky6, Toky6 Shisei Ch6sakai, 1955, 233pp. A very detailed and legally-oriented explanation of the formation of the Meiji system of local government. 1571. Nakagawa Kenzo 1 t1 ^- A, ed., Kaisei shisei chosonsei shakugi rm v I'J,tI % 4\ k (Commentary on the revised system of municipal and local government), Toky6, Yuhikaku, 1912, 4th ed., 671+12+7+33pp. A general text offering thorough coverage by a number of outstanding academic specialists. Now seriously outmoded for all save historical purposes. 1572. Nihon toshi nenkan v - J -~ - L. (Municipal yearbook of Japan), Tokyo, Tokyo Shisei Chosakai, 1931-43. An unusually valuable source for students of municipal administration or urban problems. It is a very detailed and largely statistical survey of Japanese cities in all aspects of their organization and activities, with sections on: the extent and boundaries of cities; population; municipal assemblies and city offices, with statistics on municipal officials in general and a roster of their names; city planning; engineering and construction projects; streets and transportation; harbors and rivers; airports; communications; railroads; electric, gas and water works; sanitation; social work; education; police; finances and economics; relations with prefectures; and separate sections on Manchurian and foreign cities. An extensive classified bibliography is appended. For the postwar edition see Entry 1626. 1573. Osaka-shi Sangyobu jc ~ i j~ $i - (City of Osaka, Bureau of Industries), Roku daitoshi hikaku tokei yoran A,, V * bt> _ t{ - 4 (Comparative statistical survey of the six great cities), Osaka, Osakashi Sangyobu, 1928. The six cities concerned are Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Kobe, Kyoto and Yokohama. 1574. Otani Noritaka /I,4-, t, Teikoku chiho jichi dantai hattatsushi t e ij t > ] f L (History of the development of self-governing bodies in the empire), Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Jichi Dantai Chosa Kenkyukai, 1923. 1575. Royama Masamichi i, -.L _, Chiho gyoseiron A - a Am _ (On local government), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1937, 12+262pp. A brief but excellent study of Japanese local government with sections on the centralized nature of the system, the political and financial position of local governments, their powers, techniques of central supervision, etc. A major part is devoted to the special problems of metropolitan areas, and another to proposed reforms in the local government systems and the attitudes of the major political parties towards these proposals. 1576. Ryosho Fukyukai 4- 4t - 4 (Society for the Propagation of Good Books), Chiho seido shuran * m1 It t T (Survey of the local government system), Tokyo, Ryosho Fukyukai, 1935, rev. ed. 1577. Seki Hajime 1 -, Toshi seisaku no riron to jissai (Theory and practice of municipal policy), Tokyo, 1937, 474pp. A detailed consideration of the major administrative problems posed by modern cities in such fields as municipal planning, finance, management, urban communications, social welfare, etc. 1578. Shichoson zasshi t f 4t (Local government journal), Tokyo, Shichoson Zasshisha, 1893+[?]. Monthly. 1579. Shiseijin -~ /. A (The municipal official), Tokyo, Shiseijinsha, 1932+[?]. Monthly. 1580. Shisei shuho 9 -C AK -X (The municipal government weekly), Tokyo, Tokyoshi Yakusho. An official publication of the administration of the city of Tokyo which lapsed during the war. 1581. Tokyo Chiho Kairyo Kyokai t. 1 - 'a 't * & (Association for the Improvement of the T6kyo Region), Shichoson jimu reiki * - ff f - t (Ordinances and regulations relating to municipal and local affairs), T6kyo, Ry6sho Fukyuikai, 1930. 1582. Tokyo Shisei Chosakai ~. i _ 7 ~ ~ (Tokyo Municipal Research Society), Teito no seido ni kansuru chosa shiryo C t1 e $f I[ /- _ r, ~ & 9 2. h (Research materials pertaining to Tokyo), Toky6, T6kyo Shisei Chosakai, 1923.
Page 184 184 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1583. Toshi koron - - $ Ae * (Municipal review), T6kyo, Toshi Kenkyukai, 1918+[?]. Monthly. Organ of the Society for Municipal Studies which is a semi-official committee of the Ministry of the Interior. 1584. Watanabe Sotar6 -X L- - i. A, Jichi seidoron ] -9 eJ )[ (Commentary on the self-government system), Tokyo, 1931, 406pp. Treats the development of local self-government in Japan, its organizational and administrative nature and techniques, and the central controls to which it is subject. 1585. Yokoyama Teruo 1# -,. t, ed., Saishin kentei shichoson meikan ~ - [ (_ S r *' (Latest authorized register of cities, towns, and villages), Toky6, Fukushin Shuppambu, [?]. Annual. This is a very useful annual directory of local political organization covering Hokkaido, the urban and rural prefectures, Korea, Formosa, Karafuto, Kwantung and the South Seas. An introductory section describes the political organization of selected major national offices. This is followed by a section on each of the abovelisted jurisdictions, prefaced by a map showing all boundaries and minor civil divisions within that jurisdiction, and listing all cities, towns, counties, and villages located therein. An organization chart of the official structure of each of these minor civil divisions is supplied. See also Entries: 205, 206, 243, 959, 1392, 1506. b. Postwar Local Government 1586. Chiho Jichicho at f e O (Local Autonomy Agency), Chiho seido shiryo At t' *' 1,I (Source materials on local government), rev. ed., T6kyo, 1955, 4v. A large and useful collection of documents, projects, reports, and laws in the local government field. There is an earlier edition of the same title in 8 volumes issued from 1947 to 1951. The contents are different. 1587. Chiho Jichi Kenkyukai iC f tJ e ~ a & (Local Government Research Group), Chiho jichi no kaiko to tembo v t t t1 [ ~ ~ X (Retrospect and prospect for local government), T6kyo, Chih6 Jichi Kenkyukai, 1958, 223pp. This consists of an introductory essay by Professor Tanaka Jiro of Tokyo University plus a roundtable discussion of the subject by five leading scholars and four government officials. An appended chronology covers developments in the local government field from August 1945 to the end of 1957. 1588. Chiho Jichi Seido Kenkyukai; t;:t / - "', (The Local Autonomy Research Society), Chiho jichi t y s[ - (Local autonomy), Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Gy6sei Gakkai, 1948+. Monthly. Primarily devoted to articles on many aspects of local government, and intended for specialists in this field. 1589. Choson shuho VT Af iL - (Local government weekly), Tokyo, Zenkoku Chosonkai, 1949+. Weekly. A publication of the National Association of Towns and Villages. 1590. Fujita Takeo t V < A, Chiho zaisei kaikaku no kihon mondai A ~ l iL C L e o PI St At (Basic problems in the reform of local finance), Toky6, Jiji Tsfishinsha, 1950, 360pp. This is one of the most authoritative and useful of a number of books on this subject, most of which were stimulated by the tax reform proposals of the Shoup Mission. The author describes the history of the local finance system in Japan both before and after the Second World War, and discusses the recommendations of the Shoup Mission and others for the reform of this system. A number of useful statistical tables are appended. 1591. Fujita Takeo z W ~ f, Nihon chiho zaiseiron a ~- el * e S- (Japanese local public finance), revised edition, Tokyo, Toyokeizai Shimposha, 1955, 232pp. The author, a professor at Rikkyo University is one of Japan's foremost authorities on the subject of local governmental finance. The work is divided into three main sections. The first deals with the growth of modern local self-government in Japan and, for purposes of comparison, in England. The second comprises an analysis of prefectural expenditures, fiscal administration, and the financial crisis in Japanese rural districts. The final section deals with the poverty of the local financial base and the problem occasioned thereby. The author is known as a strong advocate of local autonomy, whose views are sometimes challenged by more conservative scholars in the field. 1592. Fukutake Tadashi X 4i L, ed., Gappei choson no jittai &) <q t t LA (The actual circumstances of amalgamated towns and villages), Toky6, T6ky6 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1958, 500pp. A case study of the results of the amalgamation of two towns and three villages based upon the experience of Konishicho in Shizuoka Prefecture. 1593. Hara Ryunosuke.:, -k_, Chiho seido kaikaku no kihon mondai -t y eI ~ ~ e *M A (Basic problems in the reform of the local government system), T6ky6, Nihon Hy6ronsha, 1957, 312pp. A valuable series of essays on a subject currently of wide concern in Japan. The authors discuss such subjects as proposed reallocations of administrative functions at the local level, the reorganization of local governmental organs through proposed changes in the prefectural system, the much-discussed "state" system
Page 185 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 185 (do-shu-sei), and changes along metropolitan area lines. Appendices set forth the text of two reports by the Research Council on Local Administration (Chiho Gyosei Chosa Iinkai): 1) a recommendation on the redistribution of administrative functions, and 2) a second recommendation on the redistribution of administrative functions; plus the text of "a report on the reform of the local governmental system" by the Research Council on the Local Governmental System (Chih6 Seido Ch6sakai). 1594. Hara Ryunosuke and others, -, v- k 0 -v - 1-, Chiho gyosei iinkai seido no jittai bunseki to hihan ^ T it A- ft A A ~I'1 j ~ I f ~ ~ A t, (Practical analysis and criticism of the system of local administrative boards), Osaka, Osaka Municipal Administration Research Institute, 1952, 196pp. A series of essays by a group of professors from universities in the Kansai area on the subject of the merits and demerits of administrative boards as a device of local administration in Japan. 1595. Hoshino Mitsuo f e -* %, Chiho jichi no kenkyu at 8 t o 0 j. (Local self government), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1955, 278pp. Written by a staff member of the Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research, the author deals with detailed problems of local autonomy in Japan. Extensive use is made of recent comparative data from foreign countries in such fields as centralization of functions, regionalism, and urbanization. 1596. Irie Toshio and others > — li- p 4t, Chikujo chiho jichiho teigi At_ ^ t;4 -A -A (Article-byarticle commentary on the local autonomy law), T6ky6, Ry6sho Fukyukai, 1949-52, 4v. The authors of this massive work are all high officials of the national government specializing in the local government field. 1597. Jichi kenkyu @ - h tu (Studies of self-government), Tokyo, Ryosho Fukyukai, October 1925+. Monthly. Concentrates on the field of local administration. Each issue also summarizes new laws and ordinances. Contributors are mostly university professors and government officials. 1598. Jichi koron [ -i / $, (Self-government forum), Tokyo, Zenkoku Chosonkai I J f K k, April 1934+. Monthly. A publication of the National Association of Towns and Villages dealing with local autonomy and administrative problems at these levels. 1599. Jichicho (1 +i e, (Local Autonomy Agency), Jichi jiho 0 +t; 04 (Local government review), Tokyo, Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai, March 1948+. Monthly. Carries highly specialized articles on local governmental problems, and is designed for local governmental officials. 1600. Jichicho Chosaka t it. ~ ~ ~ (Local Autonomy Agency, Research Section), Chiho jichi nenkan ~5^ ~ - A f - 41- (Local government yearbook), T6kyo, Jiji Tsushinsha, 1953-[?]. Annual. An excellent compendium of information on a broad range of matters relating to local government in Japan. Part 1 describes the local governmental system in terms of administration, finance, personnel, and elections. Part 2 treats the laws and ordinances germane to the entire system of local autonomy. Part 3 provides a detailed chronology of developments in the field of local government, while Part 4 consists of relevant statistical data. 1601. Kanamaru Saburo and Wakabayashi Senji ~ ' -., t; Jorei to kisoku 4. e\ * r ~'J (Local ordinances and regulations), Tokyo, Ryosho Fukyukai, 1949, 396pp. Local ordinances (jorei) and regulations (kisoku) gained new legal status and importance in postwar Japan. The present work by two high-ranking officials of the national government discusses the forms, authority, relationships, and subject matter of such local legislation. 1602. Nagahama Masatoshi - -~ at 4, Chiho jichi 5t A;- (Local self-government), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1952, 6+276+10pp. The author, a professor of public administration at Kyoto University, here utilizes comparative data, primarily American and English, in this standard study of local autonomy in Japan. A bibliography and index are appended. 1603. Nagahama Masatoshi - _ L ~, Chuoshuken to chihobunken, 4_ ~t iF 4 ~{ ~ (The centralization and decentralization of power), T6ky6, Nihon Hy6ron Shinsha, 1953, 91pp. A discussion of the general problem of centralization versus decentralization of power in Japan by one of the country's most eminent authorities in the local government field. Professor Nagahama is an advocate of local autonomy for Japan and here surveys progress and problems in this area. 1604. Ogawa Chukei /)- 'I t. t, Daitoshi seido ni kansuru shiryo tk -t t /,J - _: s f t (Materials concerning the metropolitan system), Osaka, Godaishi Ky6do Jimukyoku, 1955, 107pp. A collection of materials describing the special status of "metropolitan area" to which Japan's five largest cities in particular aspire.
Page 186 186 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1605. Ogita Tamotsu and others r So, t 4i, Chiho jichi rombunshu C_ -f, +4 t _ I (Essays on local autonomy), Tokyo, Chiho Zaimu Kyokai, 1954, 731pp. A collection of 54 essays written by prominent scholars and officials on current problems involved in the operation of the present system of local self-government. It provides an excellent insight into the nature and difficulties of central-local relationships. 1606. Osakashi Gyosei Chosa Iinkai ft- A i C_ i.X # _ (Administrative Research Commission of Osaka City), Daitoshi gyosei chosa iinkai hokokusho fK Bp -~ A_ { i * -~ 3 ~ (Report of the research commission on the administration of major cities), Osaka, Osaka Shiyakusho, 1950-51, 7v. An enormous compilation of data on all aspects of metropolitan administrative practice in present-day Japan. It covers such subjects as general administrative organization and problems, departmental and sectional organization and administration,problems of central-local allocation of functions and intergovernmental relationships, local taxation, proposals for the redistribution of local functions in Japan, and proposals for the reorganization of the system of local government. Much of the material centers about the desire of the five largest cities for a special metropolitan status. 1607. Osakashi Gyoseikyoku Tokeika t /79- * 3t! t, t (Osaka City, Department of Administration, Statistical Section), Osakashi tokeisho _ _ ~, i ~ (Osaka municipal statistics), Osaka, Chugai Insatsu, 1899+. Annual. A general compilation of statistics on the city of Osaka. Forty numbers were issued before 1943 when publication was interrupted by the war. Publication resumed with Volume 41 in 1953. This concentrates on statistics for the preceding year, but also includes retrospective figures for the period 1949-51. The sections on elections, public finance, civil service, justice and public security are of particular interest to political scientists. 1608. Osaka Shisei Kenkyujo A< -- f ' d [ (Osaka Municipal Research Institute), Toshi zaisei no jittai chosa t ~ e ~ f X (A factual survey of municipal finance), Osaka, Osaka Shisei Kenkyujo, 1952, 90pp. A survey of the financial position of Japan's major cities intended to determine the results of their experiences under the revised Local Tax Law of 1950 and to indicate what changes are necessary in their revenue raising systems. 1609. Royama Masamichi ' C it, Chiho seido no kaikaku a _ X It <[ ' _ - (Reform of the local governmental system), Tokyo, Cho6 Keizaisha, 1958, 246pp. A recent discussion of problems and suggested changes in the existing system of local government in Japan by an outstanding authority. 1610. Shima Yasuhiko $ A (ed.), Choson gappei to noson no hembo t ' < t f 7 t ^ (The amalgamation of towns and villages and the transformation of rural communities), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1958, 250pp. A series of three essays by different authors on the timely subject of amalgamation, its problems, and consequences. In the first of these Professor Shima of Kyoto University's Economics Department discusses the problem in general terms both from the standpoint of the central government's interests in amalgamation and that of the disintegration of traditional rural communities. In the second Miyamoto Ken'ichi discusses the history of amalgamations largely during Meiji and Taisho times. In the final part Watanabe Keiji treats the problem from the village standpoint with special reference to the fate of commonly owned forests and fields. 1611. Shisei - U (Municipal government), Tokyo, Zenkoku Shichokai, 1952+. Monthly. A publication of the National Association of City Mayors. 1612. Sorifu Kokuritsu Yoron Chosajo, f 0t b- a X t -, (Prime Minister's Office, National Research Institute for the Study of Public Opinion), Chiho jichi ni tsuite no yoron chosa -,_ f ( A (- -,, z o - - t4 t (Public opinion concerning local autonomy), T6ky6, Japanese government, 1952, 92pp. A survey of public information and opinion on the subject of local autonomy. 1613. Suehiro Kenkyujo 4 {A f i t (Suehiro Research Institute), Gyoseiken no kyoka o megutte tf Ti 4 e SF X b 7 <" - z (On the centralization of administrative authority), T6ky6, Nihon Hy6ron Shinsha, 1955, 120pp. This is a special issue (No. 302) of the most authoritative of Japan's law reviews, Horitsu jiho. It collects ten articles by as many outstanding scholars on the problem of the strengthening of the powers of the central government vis-a-vis local governmental authorities. 1614. Sugimura Shozaburo At 4f - 3 O, Chiho jichi ho i 0 -i - (The local autonomy law), T6kyo, Seirin Shoin, 1956, 11+253+5pp. A standard text on local government and its many vexatious administrative and political problems by a professor of administrative law at Tokyo University. 1615. Sugimura Shozaburo f't I ~- p, Chiho jichisei koyo ~- t 9 - 'J. -$ (Elements of local self-government), Tokyo, Kobundo, 1954, 352pp.
Page 187 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 187 A widely-used reference in this field by a professor of administrative law at Tokyo University. The work covers basic definitions and principles of local government, its history in Japan, and the author's conception of an ideal system of local self-government. It ends with a plea for more rather than less local autonomy in Japan. A bibliography is appended. 1616. Suzuki Shun'ichi $4; t- -, Chiho komuinho no kaisetsu ~ T. -~ ^ e L (Commentary on the local public service law), Tokyo, Jiji Tsfushinsha, 1950, 219pp. A systematic explanation of the terms of this law by a vice-chief of the Local Autonomy Agency. 1617. Takahashi Teizo r i J _, Chiho jichiho ron -- e; ~ (On the local government law), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 10+399+7pp. An excellent study of the organization and problems of the local governmental system from the standpoint of judicial decisions. The author is a professor of law at Doshisha University. A bibliography and index of judicial decisions are appended. 1618. Takaya Takayoshi |t K *_ K, Shicho to shigikai i -. ~ ~ i ~ (Mayors and municipal assemblies), Tokyo, Zenkoku Shichokai, 102pp. 1619. Tanaka Jiro \ q ~ $, Chiho seido kaikaku no shomondai t 2 O1 ~ o- ^A f t- (Problems of reform in local government), Toky6, Yushindo, 1955, 371pp. A compilation of his earlier articles on problems of local government by a well-known professor of administrative law at Tokyo University. Professor Tanaka treats authoritatively such current problems as regionalism, the future of the prefectural system, and administrative recentralization in Japan. A bibliography and index are appended. 1620. Tani Ikuz6o A I, Chiho gikai no un'ei X 7 e e i (The conduct of local legislative bodies), T6kyo, Gakuyo Shobo, 1953, 221pp. A practical guide to the organization, responsibilities, and operations of local assemblies by an official of the national government. 1621. Toshi mondai A- -* M,t (Municipal problems), Tokyo, Tokyo Shisei Chosakai, May 1925+[?]. Monthly. The most notable of the Japanese journals devoted to local governments and public administration. Carries numerous articles of high quality on all aspects of these subjects. It is a publication of the Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research. 1622. Toshi mondai kenkyu {4 -- rq d ~t j (Journal of municipal problems), Osaka, Toshi Mondai Kenkyukai, February 1949+. Monthly. A professional journal similar to Toshi mondai published by the Association on Municipal Problems of the Osaka Municipal Office. It is primarily concerned with practical problems of municipal administration, especially in the Osaka area. 1623. Yanase Yoshimoto -,f fr, Chiho dantai ni taisuru kuni no kenryoku ~ ~ ] - t t, e) 4% / (National authority with respect to local governmental bodies), T6ky6, Nihon Hy6ron Shinsha, 1954, 97pp. With the great increase in the legal autonomy of local governmental bodies since the war, the problem of intergovernmental relations has become of great importance in Japan. This is one of the few studies focused specifically on this point. It is written by a professor of administrative law at Tohoku University. 1624. Yanase Yoshimoto A -), Kempo to chiho jichi..:- A ^A; - (The Constitution and local self-government), Tokyo, Yushind6, 1954, 245pp. A collection of Professor Yanase's articles published in various legal journals. The work is divided into two sections. The first, a collection of seven articles, treats problems of local autonomy. The second section covers various general problems in the field of administrative law, including that of the distinction between substantive and procedural law. 1625. Yoshikawa Suejiro tII | > ~p, Shin chiho gyosei no riron to jissai;t ^ o b a e t ]! (Theory and practice in the new local administration), T6ky6, Bungado6 Shoten, 1957, 563pp. A broad discussion of local government from the political as well as administrative standpoint, with the addition of some comparative materials from foreign systems. 1626. Zenkoku Shichbkai 49 -. 4 - (All-Japan Mayors Association), Nihon toshi nenkan 0 k Ip - J 41~ (Municipal yearbook of Japan), T6kyo, Zenkoku Shichokai, 1931-43, 1948-52, 1955+. Annual. An extremely valuable source of general and statistical information about Japanese cities. The series, formerly compiled by the League of Japanese Cities (Nihon toshi remmei), has been issued by the All-Japan Mayor's Association since 1955. The data in the 1956 issue cover some 497 cities, a marked increase over the 110 represented in the first issue. There are sections on: area and population of cities, municipal government and administration, finance, city planning, housing, social welfare, public health, education and
Page 188 188 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE culture, municipal enterprises, police and fire-fighting, harbors and airports, industry and economy. Some election statistics are provided under the section on government. Prewar editions contain bibliographical appendices. 1627. Zen Todofuken Kansaiin Kyogikai Rengokai ' _ f ~ - _ ~ ' 'p _ (National Federation of Conferences of Inspection Commissioners), Kansa to chiho jichi ~ _ & ^ T [ - (Inspection and local autonomy), Tokyo, Minato Shuppan Gassakusha, June 1950+. Monthly. A publication primarily concerned with problems of nation-local financial relationships as they affect local autonomy. See also Entries 785, 961, 982, 1094, 1407, 1497. 3. Official Publications of Local Governments There exist in Japan a number of different types of civil subdivisions possessed of legal personality. The largest of these are often referred to generically in English as "prefectures." Actually the Japanese use the term "todofuken" to distinguish four technically different types of prefectures: metropolitan districts (to), provinces or "circuits" (do), urban prefectures (fu), and rural prefectures (ken). Below this level one encounters cities (shi), towns (cho or machi), and villages (son or mura). All of these jurisdictions today enjoy, in a legal sense at least, a substantial degree of autonomy, particularly if one compares them with their prewar equivalents. Also, all of them produce and frequently publish an astonishing quantity of official records and reports, many of which are of great interest to the political scientist. Unfortunately, the writers have not been able to discover any satisfactory bibliographical guide to this great mass of documentation. For prewar publications of prefectural governments issued after 1927, Entry 69 provides useful guidance. There seems to be no postwar equivalent for this, however. In fact the vast bulk of these records are seldom encountered outside of the offices which produce them or other offices specifically related thereto. Some recent and current publications of this sort are, however, available at the National Diet Library. The most satisfactory general collection for the publications of a single prefecture or major city is usually to be found in the working library attached to the local government concerned. If it is a prefectural library, it will also hold a limited number of the publications of cities, towns, and villages within its jurisdiction, although a larger assortment of these is often to be found in the custody of the prefectural government's several offices which deal regularly with subordinate governments. Other than this and the recent local governmental publications held by the National Diet Library, it is generally necessary to visit the offices of the city, town, or village concerned to consult such publications. In the writers' experiences, local authorities have normally been extremely kind and helpful in facilitating such work. In order to give some insight into the type of documentation produced by such local governments, the authors have selected several major jurisdictions as examples. The following sections contain entries describing that small portion of the official publications of the metropolis of Tokyo, the urban prefecture of Kyoto, and the city of Kyoto, which were thought to be of particular interest to political scientists. It might be remarked in general that very few aspects of local government and administration are left undocumented in Japan. There are records on practically everything. The following lists are, therefore, merely suggestive. a. Tokyo Metropolis 1628. Tokyo Shi Tokei Nempyo ~ t M { - - (Statistical chronology of Tokyo), Tokyo, Tokyo Shiyakusho Tokeika, 1903-41. Annual. A compilation of detailed statistical information on the following aspects of Tokyo: climate, land and buildings, population, education and religions, sanitation, police, military affairs, social affairs, labor, industry, business, banks and the circulation of currency, communications, finance, the municipal assembly, and municipal personnel. An appendix treats Greater Tokyo and gives a few statistics on other cities. For a postwar version of this, see Entry 1636. 1629. Tokyo Shiyakusho ~,/. Y / _ t (Tokyo Municipal Office), Tokyo-shi shiko.. it ~ j- (Historical materials concerning Tokyo City), Tokyo, Tokyo City Office, 1911+, 62v. An enormous collection of primary source materials on all aspects of the history of the city of Tokyo. 1630. Tokyo-to gikai kaigiroku t i. 0 * I t t' 4I (Proceedings of the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly), Tokyo, T6ky6 Metropolitan Assembly, May 1947+. These are the stenographic records of proceedings on the floor of the present Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly. Although Tokyo became a to or metropolis in July 1943, the present series of proceedings was first published for the sessions of May 1947 under the variant title of T6ky6-to gikai giji sokkiroku ~ 4 p - _L b -. The present title was introduced at the beginning of 1951. Before the war the earliest available records of proceedings in the Tokyo City Assembly (shikai) seem to be those for 1899, published under the title T6ky6 shikai gijiroku g -. 4 -I t. The series bore this title until the end of 1923, when it was changed to Tokyo shikai giji sokkiroku A. -, - - b {,$6. Publication of the series was suspended at the end of 1942 and resumed in 1947.
Page 189 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 189 1631. Tokyoto [. o (Tokyo metropolis), Tokyo gohyakunen h. - X -E- (500 years of Tokyo history), Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolis, 1956, 192pp. A brief and well illustrated history of Tokyo over the last 500 years. 1632. Tokyo-to t. t (Tokyo Metropolis), Tokyo-to reikishu L,s $p /A l (Collected regulations of Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolis, 1954, 8v. A loose-leaf compilation of all regulations currently in force in Tokyo Metropolis. 1633. Tokyo-to t. ~ (Tokyo Metropolis), Tosei gaiyo ~p K fi -4- (Handbook of metropolitan administration), T6kyo, Tokyo Metropolis, 1947+. Annual. A general description of Tokyo, emphasizing administration and public services. It treats briefly such subjects as: recent history, topography and population, development of the capital, administrative organization, the metropolitan assembly, executive organization, finance, taxation, civil subdivisions, general affairs, education, social welfare, labor, public health, industries, public works, harbor, housing, water supply, transportation, and police and fire services. The present series continues an earlier series of annual publications entitled Tokyo shisei gaiyo 0 -. c 4 -~ (Handbook of Tokyo's municipal administration) first published in 1922. 1634. Tokyo-to Somukyoku Bunshoka ~ X { it ~ - i ~ (General Affairs Bureau, Documents Section, Tokyo Metropolitan Office), Tokyo-fu shiryo f. - L - { (Historical materials concerning Tokyo Prefecture), Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolis, 1951-55, 25v. A large collection of primary source materials on all aspects of the history of Tokyo Prefecture, the present Tokyo Metropolis. 1635. Tokyo-to Somukyoku Bunshoka Yotsuya Bunshitsu i ~X $E, n i! ~ i_ ( [ * t' L (Tokyo, General Affairs Bureau, Archives Section, Yotsuya Branch), Shiryo tosho kari mokuroku;~ A ~ * At 9 Xc (Provisional bibliography of materials), Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolis, 1951-52, 2v., mimeo. A very useful bibliography of materials on the history of Tokyo. Volume one is divided into sections on books in old-style binding, books in Western-style binding, and maps and others. Volume two is devoted to works on Tokyo Prefecture during the Meiji era. 1636. Tokyo-to Somukyoku Tokeibu 4 i ) L 4 S (Tokyo Metropolitan Office, General Affairs Bureau, Statistical Department), Tokyo-to tokei nenkan 4?p it, e - 1. (Tokyo statistical yearbook), Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolitan Office 1949+. Annual. An encyclopedic compilation of statistics on Tokyo Metropolis. Despite occasional changes in organization, the contents of the 1955 volume may be taken as representative. This treated the following subjects: topography and climate; population; business; agriculture; forestry and fisheries; industries; gas; electricity and waterworks; supply of and demand for commodities; transportation and communications; trade and commerce; finance; commodity prices; public finance; wages and labor; household economy; social welfare; construction; elections and civil service; education and culture; public health; and justice, police, and firefighting. The present series is a continuation of earlier series, the first of which was the Tokyo-shi tokei nempyo. t.,L if{ - * published from 1903 to 1941. After the war publication was resumed in 1949 under the title Tokyo-to tokeisho ~ S, f j. The present title was adopted with the fourth postwar issue in 1954. b. Ky5to Prefecture 1637. Kyoto-fu if, * eR (Kyoto Prefecture), Ky6to fukai enkakushi ~. %$ /t ' +- i (History of Kyoto Prefectural Assembly), Ky6to, Kyoto Prefecture, 1897, 1022pp. A rare work covering the period from the inauguration of the Prefectural Assembly in 1879 to March 1896. Its three sections are devoted to the Kyoto Prefectural, Municipal, and County (gumbu)Assemblies respectively. They treat such matters as organization, rules and regulations, sessions and finances. 1638. Kyoto-fu. /t ft (Ky6to Prefecture), Ky6to fukaishi. ~ f ~, (History of the Ky6to Prefectural Assembly), Kyoto, Ky6to Prefecture, 1913, 2740pp. A continuation of the historical survey initiated by Entry 1637. The present volume covers the period April 1896 to March 1911. 1639. Kyoto-fu. * T (Kyoto Prefecture), Kyoto-fu tokeisho. t $ *t $-, i (Statistical yearbook of Kyoto Prefecture), Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, 1880+. Annual. The principal source of statistical information on Kyoto Prefecture. Its arrangement and coverage are similar to those of the corresponding publication of Tokyo-to (see Entry 1636). 1640. Kyoto-fu Somubu Tokeika. *p f.- r S, e (Kyoto Prefecture, General Affairs Department, Statistics Section), Kyoto fuji yoran. ~ - -/ J q (Handbook of Kyoto prefectural government), Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, 1949+. Annual.
Page 190 190 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE A brief and largely statistical review of the current status of the prefecture. Its organization and contents are similar to those of the corresponding publication of Tokyo-to (see Entry 1633). 1641. Kyoto Fukai Jimukyoku. I T 4+ $ By (Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, Secretariat), Ky6to fukaishi, Taisho jidai sosetsu * 4 -,. / -, t i tL (History of the Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, the Taish6 era), Kyoto, Ky6to Prefectural Council, 1951, 24+423pp. A continuation of Entry 1638, divided into two major sections, the first of which covers the period 1912-1918 and the second the years from 1918 to the financial panic of 1927. The work should be used in conjunction with the following entry. 1642. Kyoto Fukai Jimukyoku. ~P ~t 4 4 f 7 (Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, Secretariat), Kyoto fukaishi, Taisho jidai shiryo. $j t -, ~ ~- L4,; (History of the Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, materials for the Taisho era), Kyoto, Kyoto Prefectural Council, 1952, 848pp. A voluminous documentary and statistical appendix to the preceding entry covering such matters as election statistics, the dates and agenda of assembly sessions, rules of organization and procedure for the prefectural assembly, finance, and memorials to the prefectural governors. 1643. Kyoto Fukai Jimukyoku. f t 4 4 ', (Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, Secretariat), Kyoto fukaishi, Showa jidai sosetsu. t 'T I -, - s 4 '. - i't, (History of the Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, the Sh6wa era), Kyoto Prefectural Council, 1953, 18+565pp. A further volume in the history of the prefectural assembly covering developments from the financial panic of 1927 to the end of the war in 1945. It should be used in conjunction with the following entry. 1644. Kyoto Fukai Jimukyoku.;p 4 -t!* r (Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, Secretariat), Kyoto fukaishi, Showa jidai shiryo. tp _, z. P 4 <' i (History of the Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, materials for the Sh6wa era), Kyoto, Kyoto Prefectural Council, 1954, 10+1141pp. A statistical and documentary appendix to the preceding entry, similar in content to its analogue for the Taisho era. (See Entry 1642). 1645. Kyoto Fukai Jimukyoku Chosaka # A f i y ~ 71 i 4- 4 - (Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, Reference and Research Section, Secretariat), Kyoto fusei yoran. $t X. - i (Handbook of Kyoto prefectural administration), Kyoto, Secretariat of Kyoto Prefectural Assembly, 1951, 96pp. A brief general survey of the organization and activities of the prefectural government intended primarily for the education of new members of the prefectural assembly. c. Ky5to City 1646. Kyoto Shikai Jimukyoku Chosaka - t 7 4' ~ / S (Secretariat, Kyoto City Council, Reference Section), Kyoto shikai jumpo -. e * 4, ~ (Three-times-a-month report on the Kyoto City Assembly), Kyoto, Kyoto City Assembly, April 15, 1949+. 3 times a month. A regular report. on the activities of the city assembly in plenary and committee sessions. 1647. Kyoto shikai kaigiroku X. J 4 ~ ' k (Proceedings of the Kyoto City Assembly), Kyoto, Kyoto City Assembly, 1889+. The stenographic record of proceedings on the floor of the Kyoto City Assembly since the establishment of a modern form of municipal government in April 1889. Prior to 1915, this series was issued in two parts entitled respectively kaigiroku 4', Ad (called gijiroku,$ - - ~ from 1893 to 1911) and ketsugiroku -, *.1648. Kyoto-shi kaku keizai kessansho. $t -?~ -, [ * (Statement of accounts for Kyoto City), Kyoto, Ky6to City, 1932 +. Annual. This is an annual supplement to the Proceedings of the Kyoto City Assembly. Such final statements of income and expenditures for the several sections of the city's administration are usually not available for upwards of a year after the close of any given fiscal year. It is required by law, however, that they be submitted to and approved by the city assembly. The title of the series has varied: 1932-1942, Kyoto-fu Kyoto-shi sainyushutsu kessansho.; ~. X_ A -; ~ ~; 1943-1948, Ky6to-shi sainyu saishutsu kessansho. ~ ~ ~ > t Xi -: e 1649. Kyoto-shi. %p ~ (Kyoto City), Kyoto-shi jimu hokokusho f. Y -4 J 4- ' (Annual budget report of the City of Kyoto), Kyoto City, 1936+. Annual (except for 1938 and 1939). The mayors of Japanese cities, towns, and villages are required by law to prepare and submit annual budgets to their legislative bodies. These are now presented in formats quite similar to those in use in the United States, and provide useful information about local revenues and expenditures. Internal arrangement is primarily by spending units within the city government. 1650. Kyoto-shi reikishu ~- o 4 j, (Collected regulations of Kyoto City). A loose-leaf compilation of all regulations currently in force in the city of Kyoto.
Page 191 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 191 1651. Kyoto-shi Shich5 Koshitsu K6hoka /.p -a * ' -, ) I Ky6to City, Mayor's Office, Information Section), Ky6to shisei tokuhon - %( -t g 4 - (Reader on Kyoto municipal government), Kyoto, Ky6to City, 1955+. Annual. An introduction to local self-government including sections on: yesterday and today in Kyoto, local autonomy and democracy, local autonomy in Japan, and municipal government and elections. 1652. Kyoto-shi Shicho Koshitsu Gyoseika. - - V ' ' - T (Kyoto City, Mayor's Office, Administrative Section), Kyoto shisei gaiyo., -* K # jL-, (Handbook of Kyoto municipal government), Kyoto, Kyoto City, 1925+. Irregular (Annual since 1953). A brief and largely statistical introduction to major facts about Kyoto and its present government and administration. Since 1954 the volumes have been bilingual -in both Japanese and English. Recent volumes average about 100 pages in length. 1653. Kyoto-shi Shicho Koshitsu Tokeika. t f ~ - "~ ~-, it (Kyoto City, Mayor's Office, Statistics Section), Kyoto shisei tokei nenkan. p ~ -. e i *[ (Statistical yearbook of the city of Kyoto), Kyoto, Kyoto City Office, 1950+. Annual. This is the postwar title of a prewar series entitled Kyoto-shi tokeisho ~. %[ } t, -f issued from 1909 to 1944. The series devotes major sections to: basic index figures, natural environment, population, economy, labor, municipal accommodations, culture, public health, social welfare, tourism, public security, and municipal government and elections. 1654. Kyoto-shi Somubu Shomuka - V t, iv H " (Kyoto City, General Affairs Department, General Affairs Section), Kyoto shiseishi. ~ f _ (History of municipal administration in Kyoto), Kyoto, Kyoto City Office, 1940-41, 2v. A general history of the government of the city of Kyoto from its establishment in 794 A.D. to 1939. Emphasis is on the post-Restoration period. 4. The Local Political Process The great bulk of Japanese writing on local government is historically, legally, or administratively oriented. Studies of practical politics and the political process are still very few in number. Interest in this type of research seems to be increasing, however. Some of the entries in Chapter XVIII, Section 5 also bears in part this subject. 1655. Eguchi Kan -> rZ -:, Hokensei $,t _ I (Feudalism), Tokyo, Kodansha, 1958, 240pp. A case study from a left-wing standpoint of contemporary survivals of the feudal system in present-day villages. 1656. Hoshino Mitsuo M t J ~, Nihon no chiho seiji 0 i ^ - f K ^- (Local politics in Japan), Tokyo, Toyo Keizai Shimposha, 1958, 213pp. A pioneering study of local politics by a staff member of the Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research. (Tokyo Shisei Chosakai). It treats local elections, pressure groups, the recall system, political parties, and local bosses. 1657. Mainichi Shimbun Shakaibu - e * r a t- /- J (Mainichi Press, Social Section), Bosu no seitai A;. ^ ~ ~ ~. (Bosses as they actually are), Kyoto, Ran Shobo, 1949, 187pp. A newspaper reporter's observations on the workings of the local political boss system in modern Japan, based upon case histories. 1658. Namie Ken it is — _, Mura no seiji #it ' At;- (Village politics), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1953, 230pp. The author, himself a member of a village assembly, explains possible reforms at the village level through a case study approach. 1659. Sugiura Mimpei A -' - &, Chokai giin ichinensei wf ~- kj - - (My first year as a town assemblyman), Tokyo, Kobunsha, 1957,228pp. A partisan but very interesting and useful account of the functioning and malfunctioning of the town assembly of Atsumi in Aichi prefecture by a communist serving as a freshman member thereof.
International Relations and International Politics
pp. 192-198
Page 192 CHAPTER XXV INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS In general,Japanese scholarship in the fields of international relations and politics has lagged behind that in domestic history and law. Before the war researchers in this field were often discouraged by the politically sensitive nature of the subject matter, the extreme reluctance of the government to declassify or publish archival and documentary materials on Japan's foreign relations, and the basic methodological problems to which the discipline is subject. Important changes have taken place in these connections since 1945, and the field is now definitely becoming both more popular and more productive. For convenience of reference the following entries have been classified into four categories: 1) source materials and documents, 2) texts and general accounts, 3) monographs, and 4) memoirs and biographies. The close connection existing between these materials and those listed earlier in Chapter VI on recent political history and in Chapter XI on international law and organization is readily apparent. 1. Source Materials and Documents The basic series for the study of Japan's modern foreign relations is the great Nihon gaiko bunsho or Documents on Japanese foreign relations (Entry 1660), published by the Foreign Ministry. Prior to the war only the volumes for 1868 to 1876 had been published, but by 1959 some thirty-eight volumes carrying the story up to 1905 were in print with others scheduled to appear shortly. Also very useful for keeping abreast of current developments and policies in this field is the Foreign Ministry's publication entitled Waga gaiko no kinkyo (Entry 1663). 1660. Gaimusho F - 'I (Foreign Ministry), Nihon gaiko bunsho 0 j. _ i_ 0 (Documents on Japanese foreign relations), Tokyo, Nihon Kokusai Rengo Kyokai, 193 6+. This is the basic collection of documents on Japanese diplomatic history. It carries on from where the Dai Nihon Komonjo series leaves off (See Hall, Entry 445). The work of compiling the series is currently conducted by the Diplomatic Documents Sub-Section of the Archives Section. Compilation began in 1934. Like most series of this sort, the major system of arrangement is chronological, beginning with documentation for the year 1868. Before the war only volumes 1 (1868) to 9 (1876) had appeared. By 1959 some 38 volumes (to 1905) in 53 separate numbers have been made available. In addition to the main series there are several subseries on such subjects as: treaty revision, trade treaties and trade policy, the revision of trade treaties, the Komura diplomatic history, chronologies and documents, and the Paris Peace Conference. In the main series appendices give tables of important officials connected with foreign affairs. Each volume is indexed. 1661. Gaimusho 4F f 'J' (Foreign Ministry), Nihon gaiko nempyo narabini shuyo bunsho - ~ -F - X k - t Jt- A $, (Major documents and chronology of Japanese foreign relations, 1840-1945), Tokyo, Nihon Kokusai Rengo Kyokai, 1955, 2v. This useful two-volume compilation was published as an extra number of the Documents on Japanese foreign relations (Nihon gaiko bunsho) series to compensate for the slow appearance of the full record. It sets forth a selection of documents of major importance and a detailed chronology of Japanese diplomatic history from 1840 to 1945. 1662. Gaimusho 7 f ); (Foreign Office), Shusen shiroku - ' 3 L #. (Historical records concerning the termination of the war), T6kyo, Shimbun Gekkansha, 1952, 49+27+818+62+33+65pp. An elaborate documentary compilation of public and private records bearing upon Japan's decision to end the war, edited by the Documents Division of the Foreign Ministry. Appendices include a catalogue of relevant materials and a chronology of the war. 1663. Gaimusho f - * * (Foreign Ministry), Waga gaiko no kinkyo h," a f _ -;ir (Recent developments in Japanese foreign relations), Tokyo, Gaimush6, 1957+. Semi-annual. This is the first of a series of semi-annual "white papers" issued by the Foreign Ministry to inform the public of recent developments and problems in the field of foreign relations. The volumes, usually of two hundred or more pages, set forth the official interpretation of Japan's position and views on both general and specific issues. The texts of important diplomatic documents plus diplomatic lists for both the Japanese foreign service and foreign embassies and consulates in Japan are appended. As of 1959 three issues have appeared. It is not certain that the semi-annual schedule will be adhered to. Numbers 1 and 2 cover developments during 1957, while No. 3 treats the whole of 1958. 1664. Gaimusho Joho Bunkakyoku ' f ' e - f - / L, (Foreign Ministry, Information and Cultural Bureau), Kaigai chosa geppo i d] tf g-A (Monthly bulletin of overseas research), T6kyo, Gaimusho, January 1951 +. Monthly. Features rather detailed articles on various international problems of current interest to Japan. 192
Page 193 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 193 1665. Gaimusho Joho Bunkakyoku iF 4 f X + 4-. L > j k (Foreign Ministry, Information and Cultural Bureau), Sekai geppo 4 -" -, (Monthly bulletin on world affairs), Tokyo, Gaimusho, January 1946+. Monthly. A monthly description of international events, classified under the United Nations and by major world areas. 1666. Gaimusho Joho Bunkakyoku - ' 4 - A_ - 4;7 (Foreign Ministry, Information and Cultural Bureau), Sekai no ugoki X~ e -t, (World developments), Tokyo, Gaimusho, January 1952+. Monthly. Features simplified explanations of major international problems for popular consumption. 1667. Gaimusho Joho Bunkakyoku Hodoka 4 It 3 4X * J- '1 A4 1 - ~ (Foreign Ministry, Information and Cultural Bureau, Information Section), Gaimusho happy6shu F -* '*;i - # (Collected announcements of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), Toky6, Gaimush6, 1955+. Semi-annual. Each issue collects for a six month period the speeches of the Foreign Minister, announcements of the Information and Cultural Bureau of the Ministry, and speeches by the chief of this bureau. 1668. Gaimusho Joho Bunkakyoku Hodoka F '* 4- At _ 4 ~ (Foreign Ministry, Information and Cultural Bureau, Information Section), Gaimusho kohyo shiryoshu 4[ ~ ' i ~ '. f- t (Collection of data published by the Foreign Ministry), T6ky6, Gaimush6, January 1956+. Semi-annual. Each issue collects official materials supplementing the contents of a particular issue of Gaimusho happyoshu (See Entry 1667). 1669. Gaimusho Joyakukyoku 4 r 'I 4,~. S,7 (Foreign Ministry, Treaty Bureau), Joyaku jiho., ~ -* (Treaty review), Tokyo, Gaimusho J6yakukyoku, 1954+. Bimonthly. Summarizes information on the treaty relations of Japan and foreign countries. 1670. Gaimusho Kokusairengokyoku 4 ~ 'X I A A- a x7 (Foreign Ministry, United Nations Bureau), Kokuren jiho |l - _f - W (United Nations review), Tokyo, Gaimusho, April 1952+. Monthly. Emphasizes detailed commentaries on articles of the UN Charter and on UN affairs. 1671.Naikaku Johokyoku V 1 'It 4 * 7 (Cabinet Information Office), Shuho _1 4 (Weekly bulletin), Tokyo, Naikaku Johokyoku, October 1936+[?]. Weekly. A weekly official news bulletin published by the Cabinet Information Office and devoted mostly to the current international situation and its significance for Japan. Issues usually contain at least one article on the situation in China, added to which one frequently encounters articles on the rearmament of the Great Powers, conditions in India, the trend of international economic and financial policy, the national spiritual mobilization program, etc. All issues are indexed in the corresponding numbers of the Naikaku Insatsukyoku's Kancho kanko tosho mokuroku and Kancho kanko tosho geppo. 1672. Nihon Gakujutsu Shinkokai e - T t[ ~ - (Japanese.Association for the Promotion of Academic Pursuits), Joyaku kankei Nihon gaiko bunsho t. e i g 2c I\. _ t_ (Japanese diplomatic documents concerning treaties), Tokyo, Nihon Gaik6 Bunsho Hampukai, 1956, 7v. The compilation and publication of this series of documents from the Foreign Ministry archives was supervised by the Ministry's Research Bureau. It concerns the negotiations for the revision of the "unequal treaties" from the early Meiji period to the conclusion of the so-called Mutsu Treaty in 1894. Volumes 5 and 6 contain records of the negotiations between Count Inoue and the foreign representatives while volume 7 gives an outline of the efforts for treaty revision plus a general index. See also Entries: 75, 197, 600, 607, 693, 694, 1366. 2. Texts and General Accounts 1673. Gaiko jiho __.k -A, (Diplomatic review), Tokyo, Gaiko Jihosha, February 11, 1898-[?]. Monthly. A well-known monthly journal devoted to current topics in Japanese diplomacy and international relations. Each issue usually features a special topic of current importance in addition to other materials. Emphasis is more on Japanese diplomacy than is the case with Sekai shuho (q.v.), another well-known periodical in the field of international relations. Most contributors are outstanding scholars or journalists. Occasionally problems of international law are considered. 1674. Hattori Shiso - -.., Kindai Nihon gaikoshi 'L(r 4 - t- (History of modern Japanese foreign relations), Tokyo, Kawade Shob6, 1954, 192pp. A brief Marxist-oriented sketch of the history of Japanese imperialism during the Meiji period (1868-1912). 1675. Inokuchi Ichiro -- iz - t, Kokusai kankei dotairon Jl I t. g ~. d (Dynamics of international relations), Tokyo, Koseikaku, 1956, 283pp. A standard text on the history of international relations. '1676. Kajima Morinosuke L AX - _ L Ib, Nihon gaiko seisaku no shiteki kosatsu 0 z 4 FL t_ B v of ~. %. (Historical study of Japanese foreign policy), Toky6, Ganshodo, 1938, 7+490+26pp.
Page 194 194 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE A well-documented study of Japanese foreign policy from 1895 to 1925 by an experienced diplomat. A bibliography and index are appended. 1677. Kamikawa Hikomatsu - "t' I A, Kokusai seijigaku gairon 1( M I iht * (General principles of international relations), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1950, 538pp. A compendious text of general coverage by a former professor of Tokyo University. 1678. Kiyosawa Kiyoshi:A -: '1, Gaikoshi A[ _ _ (History of foreign relations), Tokyo, Toyo Keizai Shimp6sha, 1941, 578+12pp. This is one of the few standard general surveys of modern Japanese diplomatic history. It covers the nation's foreign relations from the arrival of Commodore Perry in 1853 to the consummation of the Triple Alliance with Germany and Italy in 1940. A convenient glossary of Japanese equivalents of relevant foreign personal and place names is appended. 1679. Kokusai Seiji F. K Vii (International politics), Tokyo, Nihon Kokusai Seiji Gakkai, 1957+. Quarterly. This is the organ of the new (December 1956) Nihon Kokusai Seiji Gakkai (Japan International Politics Association). Each issue of the journal is devoted to a series of articles or a symposium on some major current problem of foreign relations. The quality of the contributors and articles is excellent. 1680. Maeshiba Kakuzo \ L g -, Kokusai seijiron t. A_;- (International politics), Kyoto, Horitsu Bunkasha, 1952, 314+18pp. A general and primarily historical account of the development of modern international politics, moderately Marxist in viewpoint, by a professor at Ritsumeikan University. 1681. Matsumoto Tadao, Kinsei Nihon gaikoshi kenkyu K- -. 0 4J - t- (Studies in the diplomatic history of modern Japan), T6ky6, Hakuh6d6 Shuppambu, 1942, 289pp. A well-documented analysis of British, American, and Russian policy towards Japan, based upon studies of the process of discarding the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, agreements between Russia and Japan, and SinoJapanese negotiations in the critical year 1915. 1682. Naigai Josei Chosakai 4- 4 It q 4 1 (Council for Research on Domestic and Foreigh Affairs), Kokusai josei shiryo 4,,f t f- (Data concerning international affairs), Tokyo, Naikaku Chosashitsu, 1955+. Weekly. A weekly collection of articles on current international affairs, including Japanese diplomacy, translated into Japanese from foreign newspapers and periodicals. From time to time special issues are devoted to a specific problem. 1683. Nichi-Bei Tsushinsha 0. A- f 4 t- (Japan-U.S. News Agency), Nihon gaiko hyakunen shoshi L _ -q /I- 1,_ (A short history of 100 years of Japanese diplomacy), Toky6, Yamada Shob6, 1954, 288pp. A brief popular account of the last 100 years of Japan's foreign relations, compiled under the supervision of the Foreign Ministry. It is substantially identical to a 1952 publication of the Tokyo Nichi-Nichi entitled Shinsei Nihon gaikoshi (A diplomatic history of the new Japan), with an added chapter on postwar developments. 1684. Nihon Kokusai Seiji Gakkai a; ~ 4 t '~ $ ~ (Japan International Politics Association), Gendai kokusai seiji no kozo _4 It |^ ~ l * ^ 0* _ (The structure of contemporary international politics), T6ky6, Yahikaku, 1958, 232pp. A special issue of the quarterly organ of the Japan International Politics Association (No. 4 for Winter, 1957) which is devoted to a general survey of the international scene. Among the subjects treated are: bipolarism, western vs. eastern Europe, nationalism in the underdeveloped areas, collective security and disarmament, and international politics and mass communications. A chronology for the years 1945-1957 and a bibliography are appended. 1685. Nihon Kokusai Seiji Gakkai 0;- i.V 4 (Japan International Politics Association), Heiwa to sens6 no kenkyiu T t ' q J 7 $ d (Studies of war and peace), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 250pp. This is the first official publication of the new Japan International Politics Association. It is a collection of articles by ten leading specialists on such subjects as war and peace abstractly considered, Russian and American international policies and their effects on peace, the impact of atomic weapons, collective security and world government. Among the book's most useful features are separate bibliographies of basic Japanese works on war and peace, of basic foreign works on the same subject published since 1900, and of important foreign works in the field of international relations published since 1955. 1686. Nihon Kokusai Seiji Gakkai I f \ FX' t t (Japan International Politics Association), Nihon gaiko no bunseki 0 4_ 4~ _ 1 ~ (Analysis of Japan's foreign relations), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 180pp. This is the second volume in the Japan International Politics Association series, and it takes the form of a series of essays. Eleven well known authorities contribute articles on: prolegomena to Japan's foreign relations, readjustment of U.S.-Japanese relations, the resumption of Russo-Japanese relations, problems in
Page 195 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 195 volved in the resumption of Sino-Japanese relations, economic diplomacy in Asia, the UN and Japan, trends in Japanese diplomacy, the foreign policy of the Japanese socialist party, Japan's strategic position in the age of atomic weapons, the Japanese mission to the UN, and atomic policy in Japan. The appendices include a chronology of Japanese diplomacy from February 1945 to June 1957 and a catalogue of important books on postwar Japanese foreign relations prepared by the Legislative Reference Bureau of the National Diet Library. 1687. Nihon Kokusai Seiji Gakkai t; i8 P^ K- id ' ' (Japan International Politics Association), Nihon gaikoshi kenkyu: Meiji jidai 0 z _ ~ o, * *q < x (Studies in the history of Japanese foreign relations: the Meiji period), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1957, 244pp. This is volume three in this notable series of publications. It includes ten well-documented studies on the following subjects: Japan's position in the history of modern international politics, the two-ruler system and the Meiji Restoration, the treaty for the exchange of Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands, the Iwakura and Terashima drafts on the treaty revision issue, aspects of Japanese-Korean relations, notes on the Sino-Japanese conflict, the North China Incident and Japan, Japan's attitude during the negotiation of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, the Russo-Japanese War, and dynamic factors in international relations after the Russo-Japanese War. A separate documentary section sets forth the text of two important documents of Meiji foreign policy: "Two opinions of Yamagata Aritomo on Japan's continental policy", and Foreign Minister Hayashi's "Conspectus of political strategy towards China."t Appendices contain a chronology of Japan's foreign relations from 1868 to 1912, and a catalogue of Japanese and foreign works on the history of Japan's foreign relations. 1688. Nihon no kokusaiteki chii 6 9 (8, i - (The international position of Japan), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1957, 276pp. This is a special issue (February 1957) of Horitsu Jiho (Law Review) devoted to a general discussion of Japan's international position and problems by a number of specialists. 1689. Oka Yoshitake J ] ~, Kokusai seijishi g V3 K -, t- (History of international politics), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1955, 387pp. Written by a well-known specialist at Tokyo University, this is regarded as one of the best works in this field. Chapters are devoted to: the formation of international society in Europe, Europe and the world in the period of absolutism, Europe and the world in the formative period of the bourgeois political system, world politics during the period of growing bourgeois political system and its debacle, and world politics at present. Primary emphasis is on the recent period. A short but useful bibliography is appended. The author's views and interpretations are by no means as uncritically Marxist as the above cited chapter headings might indicate. 1690. Okakura Koshiro lt; - 1, Sekai seijiron i f ~d it * (World politics), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoron Shinsha, 1956, 260pp. A study of the emergence of a system of world politics based on Marxist premises. Emphasis is placed on economic and class factors. The author, a former Doshisha professor, is connected with the Sekai Keizai Kenkyujo (World Economy Research Institute). 1691. Sekai shuho - ~- - (World weekly review), Tokyo, Jiji Tsushinsha, October 1920+. Weekly. A semi-professional type of magazine devoted almost exclusively to articles on political and economic developments abroad. Its contributors are usually journalists but its standards are considerably higher than those of the average weekly newsmagazine. 1692. Shinobu Seizaburo 4' k- i t- f, Kindai Nihon gaikoshi K <d a; F - t- (History of Modern Japanese foreign relations), Tokyo, Kenshinsha, 1948, 4+268pp. A well-done Marxist interpretation of Japanese foreign relations from 1854 to the Washington Conference of 1921-22. It emphasizes the influence of Japanese capitalism on foreign policy. 1693. Tanaka Naokichi? ~ A ~, Sekai gaikoshi 4~ f 4 t _ (History of world diplomacy), Tokyo, Yushindo, 1957, 398pp. A detailed introduction to world diplomatic history from 1871 to 1939. The author, a professor of Hosei University, tries to integrate diplomatic history with national history and to include materials on lesser or backward countries as well as the Great Powers. 1694. Tsuboi Kumazo 4: 4# i $-_, Saikin seiji gaikoshi '. A. t r_ (History of recent politics and foreign relations), Tokyo, Fuzamb6, 1928-29, 3v. 1695. Ueda Toshio v 3 1 i, ed., Kindai Nihon gaikoshi no kenkyu -Fr 1' 6 $- J _, e u (Studies in the diplomatic history of modern Japan), T6kyo, Yuhikaku, 1956, 618pp. A collection of 12 excellent essays by specialists in the field published in commemoration of the 61st birthday of Kamikawa Hikomatsu. The subjects treated are: 1) Negotiations for the revision of the unequal treaties, 2) Historical review of legal theories justifying the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars, 3)
Page 196 196 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Roosevelt and the Russo-Japanese War, 4) The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 5) The Chinese Revolution of 1911 and recognition of the new government, 6) On the Russo-Japanese Entente, 7) Japanese foreign policy and the Paris Peace Conference, 8) Outstanding emigration problems between Japan and the United States and the "domestic problem,, 9) The Washington Conference, 10) Japan and the League of Nations, 11) Diplomatic issues between Japan and the United States over the Manchurian Problem, and 12) The peace treaty and Japan's position in American strategy. 1696. Watanabe Ikujiro - v ~' i ~, Nihon kinsei gaikoshi 4- k (History of modern Japanese foreign relations), Tokyo, Chikura Shobo, 1938, 7+494pp. A general survey of Japanese foreign relations from the Restoration (1868) to World War I. See also Entries: 185, 380, 579, 889, 1121, 1443, 1446. 3. Monographs 1697. Aoki Tokuzo i * t --, Taiheiyo senso zenshi LA -t -i ~ f - _ (History of the period preceding the Pacific War), Tokyo, Gakujutsu Bunken Fukydkai, 1956, 5v. A detailed and useful political history of the period beginning with naval and military opposition to the London Naval Treaty (1930) and ending with the U.S.-Japanese negotiations in 1941. It began as an official undertaking of the Cabinet's War Investigation Council in 1945 and, after the abolition of this organ, was continued on a private basis. 1698. Chosen Sotokufu Chusuin ~. *- T ~ At -, (Government General of Korea, Central Council), Kindai Nissen kankei no kenkyu 0, a ~ ~ 4l, ~ e j (Studies in Japanese-Korean relations in modern times), Seoul, Ch6sen S6tokufu Chusuin, 1940, 2v. An historical account of Japanese-Korean relations down to the Sino-Japanese War by Tabohashi Kiyoshi, a former professor of Keijo (Seoul) National University. The study is based largely on Japanese, Chinese, and Korean governmental documents. 1699. Hayashi Kiroku fi ~ [,, Oshu saikin gaikoshi ~ -4. it F _ (Recent European diplomatic history), Tokyo, Keio Shuppansha, 1947, 707pp. One of the most widely-used texts in this field covering developments from 1919 to 1945. The author is a former president of Keio University. 1700. Hirano Yoshitaro i W k - ~, Ajia no minzoku kaiho r > 7 / A *v M - (The national emancipation of the Asian peoples), Tokyo, Rironsha, 1954, 368pp. The author is one of Japan's best-known left-wing theorists. The present work treats the Chinese Communist Revolution, current Sino-Japanese relations, the national liberation movements throughout Asia, and relations between Korea and Japan. 1701. Horikawa Takeo A lI1 X ~, Kyokuto kokusai seijishi josetsu-nijuikkajo yokyu no kenkyu - ~ S ft Lt *-_ A - 4 -. —, + - 41 t -K C (Introduction to the history of Far Eastern Politics: a study of the Twenty-one Demands), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1958, 416pp. A detailed study in diplomatic history by a specialist in the field. 1702. Hosokawa Karoku, 4\\ ~,, Shokuminshi - / _ (History of colonization), Tokyo, Toyo Keizai Shimposha, 1941, 573pp. A Marxist-oriented account of Japan's experience in the colonial field. It treats the conditions of Formosa, Korea, and Manchuria prior to Japanese control, Japan's acquisition of these areas, and their subsequent political and economic experience under Japanese rule. 1703. Inoki Masamichi N 9 - s- -, Kokusai seiji no tenkai 1 t. 1 t ~ 4 S, (Development of international politics), Tokyo, Yushindo, 1956, 5+403pp. A collection of essays concerned primarily with the influence of Germany and Soviet Russia on international politics. 1704. Inoue Kiyoshi 4 -i t, Joyaku kaisei 4,..7 _ j — (Treaty revision), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1955, 235pp. A study of the diplomatic and domestic history of Japan's struggle for treaty revision, covering the period from the reopening of Japan to the British Treaty of 1894. The central issue is extraterritoriality. 1705. Kaikoku Hyakunen Kinen Bunka Jigyokai t q I i f ".L i - L 4 e f t (Cultural Enterprises Association for the Commemoration of the Centenary of the Opening of Japan), Nichi-Bei bunka koshoshi 0. L < a_ -$- J_ (History of cultural intercourse between Japan and the U.S.), T6kyo, Yoyosha, 1956, 6v. A massive survey of all aspects of Japanese-American relations from the end of the Tokugawa era to recent times by a group of specialists. The coverage is as follows: 1) Generally survey and diplomatic relations; 2) Commercial and industrial contacts; 3) Religion and education; 4} Art and science, manners and customs; 5) Emigration; and 6) General index.
Page 197 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 197 1706. Kajima Morinosuke OL A -.~ k- v, Nichi-Bei gaikoshi 0 - I ~_ (U.S.-Japanese diplomatic history), Tokyo, Kajima Kenkyusho, 1958, 14+377+193pp. A detailed history of U.S.-Japanese relations from the end of the Tokugawa period to about 1923. The texts of major diplomatic documents, an index, and a chronology are appended. 1707. Kajima Morinosuke L- J. _ -, Nichi-Ei gaikoshi a * 4 t - (A history of AngloJapanese diplomatic relations), Tokyo, Kajima Kenkyiusho, 1957, 14+18+505+118pp. An elaborate study of relations between Japan and Great Britain from 1564 to the Washington Conference in 1921, which ended the Anglo-Japanese alliance. The texts of basic documents, an index, and a chronology are appended. 1708. Kase Shun'ichi b- -. t -, Gendai gaiko no kicho t' [ 4 I ), ^ (Basic themes of contemporary diplomacy), Tokyo, Hata Shoten, 1949, 8+397+21pp. A collection of more than 70 articles by a well-known Japanese diplomat. 1709.Mainichi Shimbunsha Tosho Henshubu * - t0 I V I *. ~ (Mainichi Press, Book Editorial Staff), Tainichi heiwa joyaku * 1 -.. Aft, (The Japanese peace treaty), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1952, 616+52pp. An explanation of the development and nature of the Japanese peace treaty, which also explains the problems arising therefrom. Approximately half the book is devoted to a documentary appendix of relevant materials. 1710. Nakayama Haruichi t 'I A -, ed., Nichirosenso igo-higashi ajiya o meguru teikokushugi no kokusaikankei eg -i ' > -,. ' -, \ q <it ^, i e t 1, ' ~ (After the Russo-Japanese War-the international relations of imperialism in Eastern Asia). A series of essays on Japan's relations with the great Western powers during the period from the RussoJapanese War to World War I. 1711. Nihon Gaiko Gakkai f~ 4[ tL- f t (Japan Foreign Relations Association), Taiheiyo senso shuketsuron K, if. -.. * I (On the termination of the Pacific War), T6kyo, Todai Shuppankai, 1958, 875pp. A very detailed and definitive examination of the circumstances leading up to Japan's surrender in 1945. 1712. Nihon Kokusai Seiji Gakkai 0 0 1 t {I-;- tf (Japan International Politics Association), Uchu heiki to kokusai seiji. -, ' ~ 1 1, ~,- (Space weapons and international politics), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1958, 150+34pp. A special issue (No. 5, Spring, 1958) of the organ of the Japan International Politics Association devoted to various problems connected with so-called space weapons. A chronology and a bibliography of relevant works are appended. 1713. Shimomura Fujio 1; t, - 4 _, Meiji ishin no gaiko h,,* ' 41 _ (Foreign relations at the time of the Meiji Restoration), Tokyo, Oyasu Shuppan, 1948, 337pp. A good account of Japan's relations with the United States during the early Meiji period. 1714. Shinobu Jumpei {1t A? -, Nidai gaiko no shinso - j. F. m, X # (The truth about two great diplomatic events), Tokyo, Manrikaku Shob6, 1928, 519+7pp. A scholarly study of the diplomacy of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance and the Russo-Japanese War based upon secret documents published by Great Britain, Germany, and the United States. 1715. Shinobu Jumpei 4 -4 4, Taisho jugonen gaikoshi j X - X ~-. \ _ _, (A diplomatic history of the Taisho period, 1912-1926), Tokyo, Kokusai Remmei Ky6kai, 1927, 253+11pp. A general account of Japanese diplomatic history during the eventful years 1912-26, stressing Japan's involvement in the First World War, Sino-Japanese relations, the Siberian Intervention, the Washington Naval Conference, and the U.S. Exclusion Act. 1716. Shinobu Seizaburo i{ fc - f A, Mutsu gaiko b 1 t f-, (The foreign policy of Mutsu), Tokyo, Sobunkaku, 1935, 617pp. Mutsu Munemitsu was foreign minister for most of the period from August 1892 to September 1896 under the second Ito Cabinet. In this capacity he played a prominent role in the treaty revision movement and in the negotiations leading to the Sino-Japanese War. The present biography stresses these phases of his career. A chronology and extensive bibliography are appended. 1717. Tabohashi Kiyoshi W 4 i i, Nisshin sen'eki gaikoshi no kenkyu l i ' o t J _, A ~ (Studies in the diplomatic history of the Sino-Japanese War), Tokyo, T6e Shoin, 1951, 3+569+5pp. A reliable scholarly account of diplomatic negotiations with respect to both the Sino-Japanese War and the peace treaty, based on primary sources. 1718. Ueda Toshio * W t_ f, Nikka koshoshi -# I -4 p- (History of Sino-Japanese relations), Tokyo, Nomura Shoten, 1948, 279pp.
Page 198 198 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE A brief general survey of Sino-Japanese relations from ancient times to the end of World War II by one of Japan's most eminent specialists in this field. Emphasis is placed on relations at the time of the Manchurian and China Incidents. 1719. Yokota Kisaburo. 4 4 ~P, Nihon no kowa mondai g; 6 g V rfl,L (Japan's peace negotiation problems), T6kyo, Keiso Shobo, 1950, 171pp. The author, a noted authority on international law, expresses his opinion on a variety of legal problems which a peace treaty would raise for Japan. See also Entries: 403, 556, 557, 702, 1416, 1421, 1422, 1457, 1733, 1740, 1741, 1752. 4. Memoirs and Biographies The following entries are closely related to those already described in Chapter VI, Section 6. The two categories frequently overlap in coverage. 1720. Arita Hachiro - ~ /A 4, Hito no me no chiri o miru A ~ g k L; (Seeing the mote in the other person's eye), Tokyo, K6dansha, 1948, 287pp. 1721. Gaimusho 4f ) X (Foreign Ministry), Komura gaikoshi,1- *t 4 t - (The diplomacy of Komura), Tokyo, Shimbun Gekkansha, 1953, 2v. Marquis Komura Jutaro (1855-1911) is a former Minister of Foreign Affairs who played a prominent part in the negotiation of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, the Russo-Japanese Peace Treaty, and the Annexation of Korea. This is a revised and enlarged edition of an earlier work by Shinobu Jumpei-A biography of Marquis Komura Jutar6 (1921). It is a complete biographical treatment which emphasizes Komura's diplomatic career, and was originally published as an extra number of the Documents on Japanese foreign policy (Nihon gaiko bunsho) series. 1722. Horiuchi Kanjo &:- -, Chugoku no arashi no naka de, ~ 9,^ e ' Z (In the midst of the China storm), Tokyo, Kangensha, 1950, 211pp. 1723. Ishii Itaro i } 4; k gp (1887-1954), Gaikokan no issho 4. - ) - ~_ (Life of a diplomat), Tokyo, Yomiuri Shimbunsha, 1950. 1724. Kurusu Saburo ~ o 2- 4, Homatsu no sanjugonen i -;t, -, (Fleeting thirty-five years), Tokyo, Bunka Shoin, 1949, 242pp. The memoirs of Kurusu Saburo (1886-1954), the Japanese ambassador extraordinary sent to the United States in November 1941 to assist Admiral Nomura in the negotiations which immediately preceded the Pearl Harbor attack. 1725. Morishima Morindo A; J: ~ <, Imbo, ansatsu, gunto $ A, ' 4-, 7) (Plots, assassinations, and sabres), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1950, 161pp. The author spent some 27 years on diplomatic service, mainly in Manchuria, China, and the United States, prior to the end of the Pacific War. These are his diplomatic memoirs. 1726. Nomura Kichisaburo T ' A fr 4, Beikoku ni tsukai shite L 't- - c (My mission to the United States), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1946, 5+203+241pp. Admiral Nomura (1877- ) was Japanese ambassador to the United States during the critical negotiations preceding the Pearl Harbor attack. He sets forth here excerpts from his diary bearing upon these negotiations. Many of the relevant documents are printed in English as an appendix. 1727. Shidehara Heiwa Zaidan t ~, T V I1 (Shidehara Peace Foundation), Shidehara Kijuro ~. t (Shidehara Kijuro), Tokyo, Shidehara Heiwa Zaidan, 1956, 785+28pp. A detailed biography of Shidehara Kijuro (1872-1951), one of Japan's outstanding diplomats and civilian bureaucrats, who was foreign minister from June 1924-April 1927 and July 1929-December 1931. Following the war he served as premier from October 1945 to May 1946. 1728. Shidehara Kijuro I. -$* I 4, Gaiko gojunen 4F L _ ^ -k -n (50 years of diplomacy), Tokyo, Yomiuri Shimbun, 1951, 324pp. The diplomatic memoirs of Shidehara Kijuro (1872-1951), former premier and five times foreign minister of Japan. See Entry 1727. 1729. Shigemitsu Mamoru K t -, Gaiko kaisoroku ~ L f #. (Diplomatic reminiscences), Tokyo, Mainichi Shimbun, 1953. 1730. Shigemitsu Mamoru it ~ ~, Showa no doran g ~ - * U (Upheavals of the Showa period), Tokyo, Chuo Koronsha, 1952, 2v.
Page 199 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 199 The author (1887-1957) was minister to China at the time of the Manchurian Incident, and subsequently viceminister of foreign affairs, ambassador to the Soviet Union and Great Britain, and war-time minister of foreign affairs. In the present work, written while he was in Sugamo Prison as a war criminal, he sets forth his own views of the momentous events in which he played a part from 1931 to 1945. 1731. Togo Shigenori f t ' Or, Jidai no ichimen 4 A ' ~ - -y (An aspect of our times), Tokyo, Kaizosha, 1952, 360+2pp. The author (1882-1950), a professional diplomat since World War I, was foreign minister at both the outbreak and the end of the Pacific War. He wrote the present book while serving a sentence in Sugamo Prison as a war criminal, to explain and justify his role in the determination of Japan's foreign policy. It is a fascinating and very useful account, the last two parts of which have been translated into English under the title "The Cause of Japan" (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1956). 1732. Yoshizawa Kenkichi - -; * t-, Gaiko Rokujunen [ s_ -~ 4- (Sixty years of diplomacy), Tokyo, Jiyu Ajiyasha, 1958, 311pp. The memoirs of a professional diplomat (1874- ) who has served as foreign minister (1932), Japanese delegate to the League of Nations during the Manchurian Affair (1931), special envoy to the Dutch East Indies (1941), and ambassador to Formosa (1952).
Comparative Government and Politics
pp. 199-200
Page 199 XXVI. COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Until quite recently comparative politics has not been a popular subject in Japanese scholarly circles. Professional literature in this field is, therefore, quite sparse. The following list describes a selection of the standard works plus a few studies of particular countries or areas such as China, or the Ryukyu Islands, presently under American administration. 1733. Chugoku Kenkyujo ~' @ ~ ~ i (China Research Institute), Chugoku nenkan t. l - (The yearbook of China), Tokyo, Ishizaki Shoten, 1955+. Annual. This comprehensive yearbook of the Chinese People's Republic treats such subjects as geography and resources, diplomatic relationships with foreign countries including the texts of important treaties and agreements, political s and recent political trends, state structure, the judiciary, the military establishment, the social position of women, policies toward minority races, policies toward Chinese abroad, political organizations and people's organizations, economic affairs including the five-year plans, and culture and education. Supplements include collections of basic laws and ordinances, a list of organizations, a chronology, regulations with respect to national holidays, a list of simplified Chinese characters, and lists of postage charges, weights, and measures. Separate indexes of subjects, names, and advertisements, and a recent map of the Republic are appended. 1734. Dobashi Tomoshiro - t, Nihon kempo hikaku taisho sekai kakkoku kempo a A m e a b e K -0 - $-* 1 I, (The Japanese constitution compared to those of other nations), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1925. Part 1 consists of an article-by-article comparison of the eicoi constiristutioon of the e consttuton and the constitutions of the United States, China, and the major European powers. Part 2 reproduces in Japanese the texts of the United States, French, German, Italian, Russian, and Chinese constitution s. An appendix contains the texts of the Imperial Household Law and of several important laws and ordinances supplementary to the Japanese constitution. There is a subject index. The work may be of some legal and textual interest to constitutional lawyers, but reflects nothing of the realities of Japanese constitutional practice. 1735. Gaimusho Obeikyoku [4 v X ] (Foreign Ministry, Bureau of European and American Affairs), Kakkoku no seito a i1 A - (Political parties in various countries), Tokyo, Kokusai Remmei Kyokai, 1927, 29+1090pp. A voluminous account of political parties in some 40 foreign countries based upon the reports of Japanese diplomats. It includes countries in North and South America, Europe, and Asia. The emphasis is on formal party structure rather than functions. 1736. Hori Makoto A e m, Gendai dokusai seijiron <o th o th e (On contemporary dictatorships), Tokyo, Nihon Hyoronsha, 1933, 426pp. This is perhaps the first serious comparative study of modern dictatorships in Japanese professional literature. The emphasis s primarily economic and covers fascist, proletarian, and bourgeois types of dictatorship. 1737. Inoki Masamichi; -i - &L, ed., Dokusai no kenkyu #7 g 0 f J (Studies in dictatorship), Tokyo, Sobunsha, 1957, 432pp. An excellent series of essays devoted to the comparative, historical, and theoretical analysis of dictatorship as a political phenomenon. The editor and all but one of the other six contributors are associated with Kyoto University. The work stands practically alone in this area of comparative studies in postwar Japan and is of outstanding quality.
Page 200 200 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1738. Kiyomiya Shiro i % ' i, Kenryoku bunritsusei no kenkyu / { -~- J ~ e i (Study of the system of separation of powers), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1954, 2+6+283+6pp. This is perhaps the only systematic analysis of the growth and establishment of the system of separation of powers by a Japanese. Data are drawn primarily from French and American thought and practice. 1739. Royama Masamichi */ it - - iA-, Hikaku seiji kikoron Ub L a. -i ^ t' 6 (Comparative political structure), Tokyo, Iwanami, 1950, 9+269+10pp. A study by a well-known authority of the theories and development of governmental systems. The work includes sections on ancient and mediaeval theories of government, patterns of political theory in modern times, theories of the nation-state (including Japanese), and a comparison of major modern governmental types, i.e., representative democracy, fascism, and communism. 1740. Rydkyu Seifu Kikaku Tokeikyoku _L It A' 4 - ~ ^ e- /41 (Ryukyu Government, Planning and Statistics Bureau), Tokei geppo,_, o-f t 4, (Monthly statistical bulletin), Naha, Ryukyu Seifu Kikaku Tokeikyoku. Monthly. A general monthly collection of official statistics. 1741. Ryukyu Seifu Rippoin Jimukyoku l- i i b k- "iff r Ryukyu Government, Secretariat of the Legislative Council), Gikai jih6o - 4 -. (Parliamentary review), Naha, Ryukyu Seifu Ripp6in Jimukyoku, April 1954+. Irregular. A journal setting forth the agenda, actions, and summaries of proceedings on the floor of the Council. 1742. Sato Isao t tk _ h, Hikaku seiji seido kogi k _ I- it At I ] (Lectures on comparative political systems), Tokyo, Toky6 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1957, 343pp. One of very few Japanese texts in the field of comparative government. Very little systematic emphasis is placed on this subject in Japanese universities. The emphasis in this volume is primarily constitutional and structural with sections devoted to France, Great Britain, the United States, Soviet Russia, the People's Democracies of Eastern Europe, and the Chinese People's Republic. 1743. Sato Tatsuo A R +-:, Shokuno daihyo seidoron ' ~L 4V t \I fe i I (On the system of corporative representation), Tokyo, Jitsugyo no Nihonsha, 1946, 23+456pp. This is a largely comparative study of the desire for corporative or professional representation in Germany, Italy, France, and other states. It is relevant, however, to a strong desire in official Japanese circles at least to introduce such a system into the House of Councillors. 1744. Tozawa Tetsuhiko ' - 7 ) and Takahashi Yuji 7; t ~-, ed., Jinmin minshu shugi no kenkyu / k t/ o A - K '_ (Studies of the people's democracies), Tokyo, Keiso Shob6, 1955-6, 2v. One of the few works in this field. It treats not only the East European people's democracies, but also the People's Republic of China, North Korea, Outer Mongolia, and Northern Vietnam. Special studies of their electoral and judicial systems are also included. 1745. Ukai Nobushige e 4 {~ ', Tsuji Kiyoaki i -4 b and Nagahama Masatoshi -- A, eds., Hikaku seiji sosho lo r SC aa- _ t (Series on comparative politics), Tokyo, Keiso Shobo, 1956+, 5v. A comparative treatment of the civil service, local government, parliament, cabinet, and parties and elections in the major Western states done by a very able group of specialists. 1746. Yoshimura Tadashi ~ " ~-, Konnichi no seito a I 4. (Present-day political parties), Tokyo, Yushindo, 1956, 258pp. A comparative study of political party organization and functions in the United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, and the Soviet Union. 1747. Yoshitomi Shigeo ~ 9 t A-, Kindai seiji kikoron r (T _ - S1' 0- (The theory of modern governmental structures), Tokyo, Yushind6, 1952, 14+265pp. A pioneering work in the functional analysis of comparative politics by a professor at Osaka Municipal University. It treats such matters as: principles of modern politics, the position of parliaments in governmental structures, the structure and powers of modern legislatures, electoral systems, and political parties. Attention is focussed primarily on modern British, American, and Russian institutions and practices. See also Entries: 197, 307, 308, 442, 512, 797, 816, 1421, 1478, 1595, 1602, 1700.
The Allied Occupation of Japan
pp. 201-210
Page 201 CHAPTER XXVII THE ALLIED OCCUPATION OF JAPAN Foreign students usually tend to take for granted the proposition that an experience as major as defeat followed by almost seven years of military occupation by a foreign power dedicated to a farreaching program of social, economic, and political reforms is certain to produce an abundant literature. In the case of Japan, it has not. There has been remarkably little scholarly writing specifically focussed upon the Allied Occupation or its accomplishments and shortcomings. During much of the Occupation period proper, the censorship system rendered this either an impossible or a sterile undertaking. Thereafter, the incentive seems somehow to have been lacking. In part this is doubtless due to the fact that many of the most basic source materials are official SCAP (Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) documents which have never been available to the Japanese, or, if they do exist today in Japan, they are still classified by the Japanese Government and unavailable for scholarly use. In part, it may still be too soon to expect such studies from Japanese scholars. Not much time has passed since the end of the Occupation. It is still difficult to speak with much assurance about the lasting effects of the Occupation and its "reform" programs. Japanese scholarship may prefer to wait a bit longer before attempting to survey and assess so massive and controversial an aspect of the national history. The following entries represent a selection of what seem to be the more substantial and useful Japanese treatments of the Occupation. Many of the works listed under Chapter VI, Sections 1, 2, 5, and 6; and Chapter XXV, Section 4 also contain sections bearing directly upon the Occupation. Beyond this, of course, many chapters and sections throughout the volume refer to institutional changes and new programs initiated by the Occupation. 1748. Asahi Shimbun Hotei Kishadan *d 0 e;# 4 - 2 4, (Asahi Newspapermen at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East), Tokyo saiban A. # t'J (The Tokyo trials), T6kyo, Nyususha, 1949, 8v. A record of and commentary on the Tokyo War Crimes Trials by reporters from the Asahi Press. 1749. Gaimusho Tokubetsu Shiryoka F [ ' -t '1 i '- tY (Foreign Ministry, Division of Special Records), Nihon senryo oyobi kanri juyo bunshoshu L i tt;t A_- 4 $ (Important documents concerning the Allied Occupation and control of Japan), Tokyo, Toy6 Keizai Shimposha, 1949, 4v. A collection of major documents in both their Japanese and English versions. Volume one covers basic documents; volume two those in the political, military, and cultural fields; and volumes three and four, economics. Further volumes on special properties (vol. 5) and aliens (vol. 6) have also been prepared, though they have never been made publicly available. A supplement to volume 2 has also been issued. 1750. Haga Shiro - ' i *p, Nihon kanri no kiko to seisaku v 4' e K (Organization and policies for the control of Japan), Tokyo, Yuhikaku, 1951, 402+16pp. This is a commentary on the documents collected in Entry 1749. Its index covers both materials in this work and documents in the Foreign Ministry's above-noted collection. 1751. Higuchi Taiichi a c -, Jii eichi kyu no roso shido hoshin GHQ e i K - $ 4 f o 4 (Policies of General Headquarters concerning labor unions), Toky6, Itagaki Shoten, 1948, 227pp. A collection of memoranda, public statements, and press interviews issued between 1945 and 1948 by Allied authorities concerning Japanese labor unions. 1752. Inomata Kozo f. 4 ~ -, Kimura Kihachiro A- 4 A, and Shimizu Ikutaro < - At- - ed., Kichi Nippon ~ ^ S } (Japan, a military base), Tokyo, Wakosha, 1953, 354pp. A highly critical compilation of reports given at a national educational conference held under the auspices of the Japan Teacher's Union in January 1953, stressing the unfortunate conditions alleged to prevail in the vicinity of American bases and their effects on local children. A variety of other problems with respect to bases are also considered. 1753. Mainichi Shimbunsha --- V ~ t A-, Saiban hanketsu ~ M'1 '] l - (The judgment of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East), T6ky6, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1949, 316pp. The complete text of the majority judgment. Minority and dissenting opinions are not included. 1754. Nihon Kyosanto Chosa Iinkai LS t t. i It, (Japan Communist Party, Research Committee), Senryoka Nihon no bunseki t 4i f e ~ e (An analysis of Japan under Allied Occupation), Kyoto, San Ichi Shobo, 1953, 264pp. An official statement of the views of the Japan Communist Party on the Occupation, its policies, and their effects. A sequel entitled Zoku senryoka Nihon no bunseki 4 f 4, 0 f; ' ~ was issued by the same publisher in 1955 (313pp). 201
Page 202 202 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 1755. Rengogun Soshireibu i ^ z 4, (Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers), Nihon senryo no shimei to seika a g + ^ e 4t- _ 4k A (The mission and achievements of the Allied Occupation of Japan), translated by Kyodo Tsushinsha, Tokyo, Itagaki Shoten, 1950, 315pp. A Japanese translation of a S.C.A.P. report. 1756. Senryogun Chodatsushi Hensan Iinkai C ~4 t ~, o '.. (Committee for the Compilation of a History of Logistical Procurement for the Occupation Forces), Senryogun chodatsushi-tokeihen J;t A,;+_-- - *, (A history of logistical procurement for the Occupation Forces: statistical section), 1955, Tokyo, Chodatsucho Somubu Chosaka, 18+143pp. A compilation of statistics bearing upon the nature and costs of items procured for the use of the Occupation Forces by the Japanese Government. 1757. T"Senryo to Nihon" K t k 8 ~, (The Allied Occupation and Japan), a special issue, No. 348, (June, 1953) of Shiso t t. An interesting collection of articles treating such subjects as the position of the emperor under the Occupation, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, characteristics of the Occupation, effect of the Occupation and its policies on various social groups and classes, etc. A bibliography is appended. 1758. Sumimoto Toshio W; 4\l, Senryo hiroku, 4. k 4 (Secret records of Allied Occupation), T6kyo, Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1952, 2v. A survey of the effects of Occupation policies in a variety of fields. 1759. Yokota Kisaburo - - T ed., Rengokoku no Nihon kanri ~ ~ g 9 M M (Control of Japan by the Allied Powers), Kyoto, Daigado, 1947, 311pp. A collection of articles on Allied policies and control mechanisms during the early days of the Occupation. See also Entries: 617, 619, 756, 758, 759.
Page 203 AP P EN DI X INDEX OF AUTHORS AND EDITORS A D Abe Isoo, 4 50, 8 70 Abe Shinnosuke, 621, 622 Abe Yoshishige, 390 Adachi Tadao, 1387 Akahata, 1179 Akamatsu Katsumaro, 1222, 1253, 1254 Akiyama Kuniza, 1562 Amano Keitar6, 1, 77 Amano Yoshikazu, 177 Amatatsu Tadao, 1255 Anayama Tokutar6, 1563 And5 Toshio, 1415 Aoki Keiichir6, 1282 Aoki Tokuz6, 1697 Aono Gon'eimon, 1117 Aoyama Michio, 799 Aoyama Tokutar6-, 112 Aragaki Selki, 511 Arahata Kanson, 1223 Arai Tsuneyasu, 1313 Ariizumi T~ru, 810 Arima Yorigasu, 623 Arisawa Hiromi, 502, 1201 Arita Hachiro, 1720 Aritake Sh~iji, 624 Arizumi Tdru, 825 Asada Kdki, 1237 Asada Mltsuteru, 403 Asahi Shimbun H6tei Kishadan, 1748 Asahi Shimbun 6saka Honsha Shakaibu, 1337, 1344 Asahi Shimbun Seit6 Kishadan, 1118 Asahi Shimbunsha, 482, 483, 1107, 1108, 1109 Asai Kiyonobu, 811 Asal Kiyoshi, 512, 936, 981, 1388 Asaka Sakae, 766 As6 Hisashi, 1153 As6 Yoshiteru, 451 Azuma Mitsutoshi, 800, 812 Dai Nihon Hdrei Fukyfikai, 684, 1552 Dai Nihon Teikoku Gikaishi Kank6kai, 997 Danno Nobuo, 864 Deutsches Forschungsinstitut, 80 Do-ba Hajime, 944 Dobashi Tomoshir6, 1734 Dull, Paul S., 63 E Eguchi Bokur6, 42 5 Eguchi Kan, 1655 End6 Sh6kichi, 1465 F Fujibayashi Keiz6, 1256 Fujii Jintaro, 513, 545, 546, 626 Fujii Tei, 141 Fijino Shigenobu, 1095 Fujioka Junkichi, 1154 Fujisawa Hiromitsu, 1202 Fujisawa Rikitar6, 1071 Fujita Takeo, 1466, 1467, 1591 Fujita Tsuguo, 754 Fujiwara Akira, 618 Fujiwara Hirotatsu, 391, 594, 1072, 1347 Fujiwara Ichir6, 1224 Fukai Eigo, 627, 945 Fukuda Tokuz6, 142 Fukushima Masao, 542 Fukutake Tadashi, 215, 1203, 1283, 1284, 1285, 1592 Fukuzawa Yukichi Chosaku Hensankai, 452 Funajiri Seid, 974 Furui Kijitsu, 1096 Fusen Sanjisshfinen Fujinsansei Jisshiinen Kinenkai, 1073 Futagi Hideo, 188 G B Baba Tsunego, 592, 593 B6ei Ch6datsu Kenkyjikai, 1410 Bokud6 Sensei Denki Kank6kai, 625 Buraku Mondai Kenkyiigo, 1338, 1339, 1340, 1341 C Chiba Yiijir5, 1345, 1346 Chih6 Jichi Kenkyilkai, 1587 Chih Jichi Seido Kenkyfikai, 1588 Chiho Jichicho, 1551, 1586 Ch6sen S6tokufu Chiisiin, 1698 Chiigoku Kenkyiijo, 1733 Chiish& Kigy~ch6, 1311 Chiish6 Kigy6 Kin'yii K6ko, 1464 Gaimush6-, 1660, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1721 Gaimush6 Bunshoka Toshogakari, 64 Gaimush6 J6h6 Bunkakyoku, 1664, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1668 Gaimush6 J~ho-bu Sh6gaika Bunkahan, 12, 204 Gaimushd J6yakukyoku, 1669 Gaimush6 Kokusaireng~kyoku, 1670 Gaimnush6 Obeikyoku, 173 5 Gaimush6 Tokubetsu Shirydka, 1749 Gaspardone, Emile, 2 Gendai Nihon Jimmei Jiten Henshulbu, 189 Genshi Nenry6 K6sha Klkakushitsu, 885 Gen'ydsha Shashi Hensankai, 1238 Gikai Seijisha Henshuibu, 514 Gomnamoto Tsutaichi, 430 Got6 Kiyoshi, 799 Got6 Toranosuke, 135 Gy6sel Kanricho, Gy6sel Kanrikyoku, 946 203
Page 204 204 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Gyosei Kanrich6 TSkei Kijunkyoku, 234 Gyosei Saibansho, 1528, 1529 Hosoya Chihiro, 1422 Hozumi Yatsuka, 708, 709 H I Haga Shiro, 906, 1750 Hanami Tatsuji, 595 Hanato Ryuz6, 1468 Hani Gor6, 547, 801 Hara Keiichiro, 629 Hara Ryunosuke, 767, 768, 1593, 1594 Harada Ko, 427, 699 Harada Kumao, 630 Hasegawa Masayasu, 719 Hasegawa Nyozekan, 453, 1349 Hatano Ken'ichi, 13, 14, 156 Hatori Takuya, 428 Hatoyama Ichiro, 631 Hattori Shiso, 392, 548, 632, 1674 Hattori Takushiro, 1413 Hayashi Katsuya, 1414, 1415 Hayashi Kimio, 429 Hayashi Kiroku, 1699 Hayashi Sabur6, 1416 Hayashi Shigeru, 113, 485 Hayashida Kametaro, 486, 1119 Hayashida Kazuhiro, 985 Heki Shoichi, 259 Hibiya Toshokan, 157 Hida Takushi, 1133 Hidaka Kinji, 1417 Higashikuni Naruhiko, 1418 Higo Kazuo, 393, 911 Higuchi Taiichi, 1751 Hijikata Seibi, 1469 Hirabayashi Hatsunosuke, 487 Hirano Yoshitar6, 15, 488, 549, 816, 1389, 1700 Hiranuma Kiichir6, 633 Hirata Keiichir6, 1470 Hirata Shinsaku, 1419, 1420 Hironaka Toshio, 947 Hirose Hisatada, 755 Hirose Ken'ichi, 1155 Hirota Naoe, 937 Hirotsu Kazuo, 1509 Hisada Eisei, 515 Hishiyama Tatsuichi, 817 Hogaku Kenkyfkai, 1535 H6gaku Kyokai, 720 Homudaijin Kambo H6kishitsu, 686 Homusho, 235, 948 Homush6 Sh6mukyoku, 1536 Honda Tatsujiro, 563 Honjo Eijir6, 16, 1471 Horei Fukyukai, 319 Hori Makoto, 597, 1421, 1736 Hori Toyohiko, 374 Horikawa Takeo, 1701 Horitsu Jiho Henshuibu, 18, 224 Horiuchi Kanj6, 1722 Hosei Daigaku Kindaishi Kenkyukai, 19 Hoseishi Gakkai, 164, 327 Hoshino Mitsuo, 1595, 1656 Hosoi Wakiz6, 1257 Hosokawa Kameichi, 489 Hosokawa Karoku, 144, 1702 Hosokawa Morisada, 598 Hosokawa Takamoto, 1350 Ichikawa Shoichi, 1156 Ide Takashi, 20 Idei Yoshio, 1510 lenaga Sabur6 394, 395, 454 Igarashi K6zaburo, 1567 Ihara Yoriaki, 912 Iigarashi Eikichi, 190 Iizuka K6ji, 1205, 1423 Ijiri Tsunekichi, 1390 Ikebe Yoshikata, 21, 516 Ikeda Shigeakira (Seirin), 634 Ikeda Takeshi, 599 Ikeda Tsuneo, 1298 Ikeda Yu, 1424 Ikumi Takuichi, 435 Imai Seiichi, 618 Imamiya Kohei, 1318 Imamura Shigekazu, 856 Imanaka Tsugimaro 22, 136, 369, 375, 376, 430, 49C Imanishi Kan'ichir6, 687 Inada Shunosuke, 377, 517 Inoguchi Ichir6, 1351 Inoki Masamichi, 378, 431, 1120, 1703, 1737 Inokuchi Ichir6, 1675 Inomata K6z6, 1752 Inoue Kanae, 1472, 1473, 1474 Inoue Kaoru K6 Denki Hensankai, 635 Inoue Kiyoshi, 491, 492, 550, 588, 913, 1330, 1425, Inoue Tetsujiro, 108 Inoue Yorikuni, 263 International Military Tribunal for the Far East, 600 Irie Keishiro, 430, 896 Irie Toshio, 982, 1596 Irimajiri Yoshinanga, 493 Iseki Kur6, 191, 192 Ishida Bunshiro, 551, 589 Ishida Takeshi, 379, 396 Ishiguro Takuji, 824 Ishii Itaro, 1723 Ishii Koichi, 857 Ishii Ryosuke, 518, 519, 914 Ishii Takashi, 552 Ishii Teruhisa, 818, 819 Ishikawa Jun, 998 Ishikawa Mikiaki, 455 Ishikawa Ry6ichi,1134 Ishikawa Sanshira6, 456, 1225, 1226 Ishimoto Yasuo, 897 Ishin Shiry6 Hensankai, 193 Isobe Kiichi, 858 Isoda Susumu, 1286 Isomura Eiichi, 1568 Isozaki Tatsugor6, 769, 1074 Itagaki Shinsuke, 1135 Itagaki Taisuke, 1136 Itakura Takuz6, 494 Ito Chimaz6, 495 It6 Chiyu, 553 It6 Giichi, 915 It6 Han'ya, 1475 It6 Hirobumi, 520, 554, 636, 710 Ito Jir6maru, 1042 Ito Masami, 701 ) 1704
Page 205 A PPE N DI X20 205 Ito Masanori, 1352, 1426 1t6 Takeshi, 1427 Itoya Toshio, 457 Iwabuchi Tatsuo, 601, 1428 Iwasaki Shoten Henshfibu, 1157 Iwata Mamoru, 496 Izawa Sanetake, 1227 Izu Kimio, 1429 Izumoi Masao, 859 J Jinaru Kenkyiisha, 84 Jichich5-, 1476, 1553, 1554, 1599, 1600 Jichich6 Senkyobu, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1110, 1111, 1112 JichichO Senkyokyoku, 1078 Jichikan, 1555 Jimbun Chiri Gakkai, 123 Jimbun Kagaku Iinkai, 23 Jinji K6shinjo, 195, 196 Jinjiin Jimus6kyoku, 1391 Jiyii Minshut6, 1147, 1148 Jiyii Minshut5 Seimu Chosakai, 1149, 1150, 1151 Jurisuto Henshiibu, 1511 K Kada Tetsuji, 397, 1239 Kagaku Gijutsuch6, 886 Kagaku Gijutsuch6 Genshiryokukyoku, 887 Kageyama Koji, 1392 Kagoshima Kenritsu Toshokan, 109 Kaigun Daijin Kamb6 Bunshoka, 1430 Kaigunsh6, 1433, 1434 Kaij6 Hoanch6 Sdmubu Seimuka, 1435 Kaikei Kensain, 1477 Kaikoku Hyakunen Kinen Bunka Jigy6kai, 555, 1705 Kain6 Michitaka, 816, 1240, 1319, 1512, 1513 Kajima Morinosuke, 1676, 1706, 1707 [Kaku] Daijin Kambo6, 1393 Kamada Takuichir6, 637 Kamba Takeo, 24 Kambe Masao, 949 Kamikawa Hikomatsu, 1677 Kamiyama Shigeo, 916, 1158 Kanamaru Sabur6, 1601 Kanda Toyoho, 10 Kaneko Hajime, 746 Kaneko Hiroshi, 1353 Kano Masanao, 398 Karasawa Tomitar6, 872, 1321 Kase Shun'ichi, 1708 Kashida Tadayoshi, 1514 Karashima Kichizo, 602 Kasumigasekikai, 197 Kataoka Noboru, 820 Katayama Sen, 638, 1258 Katayama Tetsu, 458 Kat6 Hidetoshi, 1354 Kat6 Kiyoshi, 1478 Kat5 Takaaki Den Kank6kai, 639 Katsuda Magoya, 640, 641 Kawahara Jikichir6, 1086 Kawai Eijir6, 137, 399, 802 Kawai Etsuz6, 1287, 1288 Kawakami Hajime, 459 Kawamura Kinji, 950 Kawanishi Makoto, 770 Kawashima Takeyoshi, 542, 816, 1206 Kazahaya Yasoji, 803 Kazami Akira, 603 Keibi Keisatsu Kenkyuikai, 1241 Keibi Kenkyiikai, 1322 Keisatsuch6-, 953 Keishich6-, 954, 956 Keishich6 Hoambu, 955 Keishicho Keimubu Kikakuka, 1097 Keitoku Sh6i, 974 Keizai Dantai Rengo-kai, 1312 Keizai Do-yiikai, 1313 Keizai Kikakuch6-, 236, 237, 860 Kempo Ch6sakai, 756, 757, 758, 759 Kempd Kenkyukai, 760 Kemuriyama Sentar6, 556 Kenseikaishi Hensanjo, 1137 Kichi Mondai Ch6sa Iinkai, 1436 Kida Minoru, 1207 Kida Yasuo, 1138 Kido Kd Denki Hensanjo, 642 Kido KMichi, 643 Kikegawa Hiroshi, 1570 Kikui Tsunahiro, 25 Kikukawa Tadao, 1323 Kimura Kameji, 746 Kimura Kihachir6, 1415 Kimura Kiyoshi, 145 Kimura Motoichi, 1479 Kimura Seiji, 1289 Kindai Nihon Ky6iku Seido Shiry6 Hensankai, 873 Kinoshita Hanji, 1242, 1243, 1244 Kinlyii Kenkyfl Kisha Kurabu, 957 Kishinioto Eitar5, 400, 804 Kita Ikki, 460, 461 Kitabatake MohM, 685 Kiya Toshikazu, 977 Kiyomiya Shiro-, 721, 1738 Kiyosawa Kiyoshi, 1678 Kiyoura Keigo, 521 Kizokuin Jimukyoku, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061 Kobayakawa Kingo, 522 Kobayashi Jinji, 1098 Kobayashi Y~igo, 1139 Kobe Kdt6 Shdgy6 Gakk6 Sh6gy6 Kenkyfljo, 26 Ko-bund6 Henshiiibu, 27, 433 K~chi Shimbunsha, 462 Koike Motoyuki, 1290 Koizumi Matajir6, 1079 Kojima Kazuo, 644 Kojima Toshio, 1291, 1292, 1293 Kokka Gakicai, 523, 722 Kokkai Toshokan, 688 Kokumin Seishin Bunka Kenkyjijo, 874 Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan, 51, 52, 53, 66, 85, 117, 118, 238, 239, 346 Kokuryjikai Hombu, 557 Kokusaih6 Gakkai, 898, 899, 907 Kokusei Shingi Ch6sakai, 1000 Komatsu Midori, 645 Komatsu Setsur6-, 1324 Komei Senkyo Remmei, 1080 Konakamura Klyonori, 1394 Kond6 Takanosuke, 958 Kondo5 Yasuo, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297 Konishi Shir6, 497, 558
Page 206 206 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Kono Tsukasa, 604 Konoe Fumimaro, 646 K6saka Masaaki, 401, 434 K6sei Mondai Kenkyikai, 805 Kosei Torihiki Iinkai, 861 Koyama Eizo, 1355, 1356, 1357 Koyama Hirotake, 146, 402, 403, 498, 1159, 1160 Koyama Kango, 647 Kozai Yoshishige, 435 Kudo Takeshige, 524, 525, 984, 1001 Kumagai Kaisaku, 526 Kunaisho Bunshoka, 917 Kuno Osamu, 404 Kurihara Ken, 919 Kurita Motoji, 29 Kuroda, Andrew Y., 86 Kuroda Hisao, 1298 Kuroda Satoru, 985 Kuroita Katsumi, 30, 918 Kurokawa Koroku, 822 Kuruma Yasushi, 1161 Kurusu Saburo, 1724 Ky6ch6kai, 1228, 1245 Kyoikushi Hensankai, 876 Ky6to Daigaku Bungakubu, Kokushi Kenkyushitsu, 173 Ky6to-fu, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645 Kyoto-shi, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654 L Mitsubishi Goshi Kaisha Shiry6ka, 89 Miura ShIko6, 527 Miura Tosaku, 119 Miura Tsutomu, 1162 Miyagawa T6ru, 437 Miyake Setsurei, 652 Miyake Sh6tar6, 1518 Miyashita Takehira, 1481 Miyatake Gaikotsu, 90, 91 Miyazawa Toshiyoshi, 725, 726, 727, 761, 989, 1101 Mizuta Yoshio, 690 Mombusho, 67, 167, 877, 878 Mombush6 Chosa Tokeika, 880 Mombush5 Ch6sakyoku, 879 Mombush6 semmon gakumukyoku, 198 Mombusho Shakai Kyoikukyoku, 32, 33 Mori Goroku, 1441 Mori Isao, 653 Mori Masazo, 606 Mori Miyahiko, 42 Moriguchi Shigeji, 120, 1081, 1082 Morinanga Eizaburo, 827 Morishima Morindo, 1725 Morita Shir6, 1293 Morita Yoshio, 1314 Moriwaki Umaki, 1140 Moriya Hidesuke, 546 Munakata Seiya, 881 Murahashi Tokio, 863 Murakami Kambe, 685 Murakami Kanji, 1163 Murata Yoichi, 435 Mut6 Ch6zo, 124, 125 Langer, Paul, 151 M N Maeda Chikara, 87 Maejima Sh6z6, 1121, 1246 Maeshiba Kakuz6, 1680 Maezawa Hiroaki, 986 Mainichi Shimbunsha, 900, 1395, 1657, 1709, 1753 Mainichi Shimbunsha Shashi Hensan Iinkai, 1358 Maison franco-japonaise, La, 9, 78, 79 Makino Shinken, 649 Maruyama Masao, 405, 436, 1247 Masaki Hiroshi, 1515, 1516, 1517 Masujima Rokuichir6, 689 Masumi Junnosuke, 1122 Matoba Tokuz6, 1292 Matono Hansuke, 650 Matsumoto Sannosuke, 406 Matsumoto Tadao, 1681 Matsuo Hidetoshi, 976 Matsuoka Minoru, 1259 Matsuoka Sabur6, 810, 823, 824, 1396 Matsushita Yoshio, 1437, 1438, 1439 Meiji Bunka Kenkyukai, 559 Meiji Shiryo Kenkyu Renrakukai, 407, 561 Meiji Zaiseishi Hensankai, 1480 Mikikai, 651 Minami Manshu Tetsudo Kabushiki Kaisha, 54 Minemura Teruo, 810, 825, 826, 862 Minobe Ry6kichi, 747 Minobe Tatsukichi, 711, 712, 713, 714, 723, 724, 771, 772, 773, 774, 987, 988, 1099, 1100, 1123, 1538, 1539 Minshu Shakaishugi Remmei, 1182 Mitarai Tatsuo, 1440 Nagahama Masatoshi, 793, 1602, 1603 Nagai Michio, 1325 Nagai T6ru, 1124 Nagamatsu Asazo, 1248 Nagashima Matao, 1361 Nagasu Itsuji, 435 Nagata Ichird, 1397 Naigai J6sei Ch6sakai, 1682 Naikaku, 938, 939 Naikaku Ch6sashitsu, 351, 1362, 1363, 1364 Naikaku Insatsukyoku, 69, 70, 1002, 1398 Naikaku Joh6kyoku, 607, 691, 1365, 1366, 1671 Naikaku Kamb6, 940 Naikaku Kambo Kirokuka, 692 Naikaku Kirokukyoku, 1399 Naikaku T6keikyoku, 159, 160, 205, 206, 240, 241, 242, 829, 851 Naimu Daijin Kamb6 Bunshoka, 243, 1556 Naimush6, 1083 Naimusho Bunshoka, 244 Naimush6 Chih6kyoku, 92, 1102 Naimush6 Keihokyoku, 959, 960, 1103, 1104, 1367, 1368 Naimush6 Shakaikyoku, 830, 1260, 1261 Nait6 Takeo, 147 Naka Masao, 608 Nakae Atsusuke, 463 Nakagawa Ichir6, 1540 Nakagawa Kenz6, 1571 Nakagawa Zennosuke, 1208 Nakajima Kenz6, 609 Nakajima Shigeru, 438 Nakamura Akira, 179, 728
Page 207 AP PE N DI X20 207 Nakamura Kichisaburo, 528 Nakamura Kikuo, 439, 440, 464, 702, 1086 Nakanishi Suez6, 93 Nakano Seig5-, 529 Nakano Tomio, 1442 Nakayama Haruichi, 1710 Nakayama Yasumnasa, 562 Namie Ken, 1658 Naramoto Tatsuya, 408, 1342, 1343 Nezu Masashi, 920 Nichi-Bei Tsushinsha, 1683 Nihon Chosakuken Ky~gikai, 199 Nihon Demp6 Tsiishinsha, 94 Nihon Gaik5 Gakkai, 1443, 1711 Nihon Gakujutsu Kaigi, 888 Nihon Gakujutsu Shink6kai, 1672 Nihon Gink5 Ch6sakyoku, 831, 832, 1482 Nihon Gisei Ky~kai, 1003 Nihon H6s6 Ky6kai, 1369 Nihon H6tetsugakkai, 703 Nihon Jdnarisuto Remmei, 1370 Nihon Jimbun Kagakukai, 1209, 1210 Nihon Keizai Ch6sakai, 245 Nihon Keizai Kaisetsubu, 1484 Nihon Keizaikiko- Kenkyiijo, 180 Nihon Kindaishi Kenkyiikai, 654, 921 Nihon Kokusai Seiji Gakkai, 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1712 Nihon Kokusei-jiten Kank~kai, 174 Nihon Ky6sant6, 1183, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1191, 1192, 1193 Nihon Ky6sant6 Ch~sa linkai, 1754 Nihon Ky6shokuin Kumiai, 1326, 1327 Nihon R6d6 H~gakkai, 833 Nihon Seiji Gakkai, 380, 441, 442, 610 Nihon Sembai K6sha, 247, 1483 Nihon Shakal Gakkai Ch6sa Iinkai, 1211 Nihon Shakait6, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197 Nihon Shih6- Gakkai S6zoku Ch6sashitsu, 1299 Nihon Shimbun Ky6kai, 1372, 1379 Nihon Shoshigakkai, 5 Nihon Shidh6sha, 961 Nihon Shuppan Ky6d6 Kabushiki Kaisha, 57, 201 Nihon T6kei Fukyiikai, 249 Nihon T6kei Kenkyiijo, 248 Nihonkeizai Shimbunsha, 1315 Niijima Shigeru, 20 Nikkan R6d6 Tsfishinsha, 1164 Ninagawa Arata, 564, 922 Nishida Ch~ju, 1212 Nishikawa Sh6-, 565 Nishimura Shinji, 465 Nishino Yuji, 1141 Nishioka Toranosuke, 208, 261 N6chi Kaikaku Kiroku linkal, 1300 Noguchi Yoshiaki, 1165 Nogy5 Gyogy6 Kin'yii K~ko, 1485 N~min Kumiaishi Kank~kai, 1301 Nomura Heiji, 835 Nomura Kichisabur6, 1726 N6rin ChilO Kinko Ch6sabu, 1486 N6rinsho, 962, 963, 1302 N6rinsh6 Bunshoka, 71 N6rinsh6 Kisha Kurabu, 964 N6rlnsh6 N6chikyoku, 1303 N6rlnsh6 N6rinkeizaikyoku, 1304 N6rinsh6 N~seikyoku, 1305, 1306 N6sh6mu Daijin Kamb6 Bunshoka, 72 N6sh6mush6 Sh6k6kyoku, 1262 Noyori Hideichi, 202 Numata Inejir6, 810 0 Oda Shigeru, 901 Oda Yorozu, 775 Odaka Kunio, 1213 Odaka Tomoo, 443, 704, 910, 923 Odanaka Masao, 97 Ogata Taketora, 1444 Ogawa Chiikei, 1604 Ogawa G~tar6, 1487 Ogawa Takuji, 209 Ogita Tamotsu, 1605 Oguchi Iichi, 1334 Ogura Masatar6, 1374 Ohara Shakai Mondai Kenkyiijo, 148, 806, 814, 834, 836, 1263 5hira Zengo, 705 01 Kazuaki, 1125 01i Tadashi, 409 6ishi Hy6taro-, 381, 382 Qishi Yoshio, 729, 730, 1084 Oka Yoshitake, 566, 612, 655, 1689 Okabe Shiro-, 1400 Okada Keisuke, 656 Okakura Koshiro, 1445, 1690 Okamoto Keiji, 410 Okamoto Mitsuo, 1519 Okamoto Seiichi, 444 Okazaki Fuminori, 161 Ok6chi Kazuo, 807, 837, 1214, 1264, 1265, 1266 bkubo Toshiaki, 530, 882 6kuma K6 Hachijiigonenshi Hensankai, 657 bkuma Shigenobu, 500 Okumura Kiwao, 613 6kura Daijin Kamb6- Bunshoka, 965?5kura Zaimu Kyo-kai, 1493 bkurash6-, 250, 693, 694, 1488, 1489 bkurash6 Daijin Kamb6, 966, 1490 bkurash6 Insatsukyoku, 1401 Okurasho- Kishadan, 967 5kurash5- Sho-wa Zalseishi Henshiishitsu, 1491 O~kurasho- Shukeikyokunai Zaisei Ch~sakai, 1492 bmachi Keigetsu, 658 6mori Kingor6, 262, 567 Ono Hideo, 401, 1375, 1376 Ono Hisato, 411 Ono Takeo, 868 Osaka Shisei Kenkyiijo, 1608 Osaka-shi Gyosei Chosa linkai, 1606 6saka-shi Gyo-seikyoku T~keika, 1607 Osaka-shi Sangyo-bu, 1573 Osatake Takeki, 36, 412, 531, 532, 533, 534, 568, 659, 1126 Oshima Ken'ichir6, 501 Otani Noritaka, 1574 Otsu Junlichir6, 97, 535 6tsuka Kinnosuke, 3 5tsuka Shigakkai K6shibukai, 98 6tsuki Joden, 263 Ouchi Hy6e, 502, 1494, 1495, 1496 6yama Ikuo, 466, 467 6yama Iwao, 1142 Ozaki Chikara, 219 Ozaki Gakud6 Zenshii Hensan linkai, 468
Page 208 208 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Ozaki Yukio, 383, 469, 470 R Rekishigaku Kenkyiikai, 413, 503, 1446 Reng6gun S6shireibu, 1755 Rikken Minseit6 Seimu Ch6sakan, 37 Rikugun Daijin Kamb6-, 1447 Rip6tosha, 11 66 Rironsha Henshiibu, 660 R6do Ch6sa Ky6gikai, 1267 R6do6 Daijin Kamb6 RWd T~kei Ch6sabu, 838 RWd Daijin Kambo- S6muka, 839 Rdd6 H6gaku Kenkyiijo, 821 R~6H6ki Kenkyiikai, 841 Rodosh6, 845, 1269 R6d6sh6 R~cI6 T6kei Ch6sabu, 846, 847 R6d6sh6- R6seikyoku, 848, 849 R6dd Sdgi Ch6sakai, 850 R6yama Masamichi, 138, 168, 169, 371, 372, 384, 385, 504, 505, 614, 794, 1085, 1086, 1127, 1377, 1378, 1402, 1575, 1609, 1739 Ryosho Fukyiikai, 1576 Rydkyii Seifu Kikaku T6keikyoku, 1740 Ryfikyf Seifu Rippoin Jimukyoku, 1741 Ryilmonsha, 661 S Saeki Chihiro, 748 Saigusa Hiroto, 414 Saik6 Saibansho, 1541 Saik6 Saibansho Jimus6kyoku, 1520, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548 Saik6 Saibansho Toshokan, 55, 56 Sait6 Hideo, 990, 991 Sait6 Ichir6, 1270, 1271 Sait6 Makoto Den Kank6kai, 662 Sakai Toshihiko, 1231 Sakamaki Yoshio, 924 Sakamoto Tatsunosuke, 264 Sakarnoto Yukie, 696 Sakata Yoshio, 415 Saki Akio, 1335 Sakisaka Itsuro, 416, 502, 749, 1232 Sako Keizo, 127 Sakurai Tadayoshi, 1449, 1450 Sambo Hombu, 1451, 1452, 1453, 1454 Sangiin Jimukyoku, 731, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1069, 1070, 1113 Sangiin Seiganka, 968 Sasahara Masashi, 992 Sasaki Soichi, 732, 733, 776, 777, 925 Sashihara Yasuzo, 569 Sato Isao, 536, 734, 735, 736, 795, 969, 1403, 1742 Sat6 Kiyokatsu, 417 Sat.6 Tatsuo, 537, 737, 1743 Sat6 Ushijir6, 715 Satomi Kishio, 716 Seifu Kanko-butsu Saibisu Sentd, 73 Seijigaku Kenkyilkai, 31, 38, 39, 40 Seijigaku-jiten Henshiibu, 181 Seinen Toshokan'in Remmei, 4 Seiyfihont6 Shihensan Jimusho, 1144 Seki Hajime, 1577 Seki Hirohisa, 99 Sekiguchi Tai, 1087 Sekine Etsur6, 1272 Senry6gun Ch6datsushi Hensan Iinkai, 1756 Shakai Seisaku Gakkai, 1273 Shakai Shis~sha, 220 Shakai Undo6 Shiry6- Kanko-kai, 1168 Shakaishisd Kenkyulkai, 471 Shakaishugi Ky6kai, 1198 Shibata Yoshihiko, 1557 Shibuzawa Eiichi, 663 Shidehara Kijiir6-, 1728 Shiga Yoshio, 1169, 1170 Shigakkai, 570 Shigemitsu Mamoru, 1729, 1730 Shiho6 Kishadan, 970 Shih6sh6, 74 Shiho-sho6 Keijikyoku, 1105 Shima Yasuhiko, 1497, 1498, 1610 Shimazu Chiriyo, 1274 Shimizu Ikutar6-, 414, 1380, 1381 Shimizu Kihachir6, 1088 Shimizu T6ru, 706, 717, 778, 779, 780 Shimmei Masamichi, 221 Shimoide Junkichi, 139, 150, 418 Shimomura Fujio, 1713 Shimomura Kainan, 1455 Shimotomae Shigematsu, 100 Shimoyama Eiji, 781 Shin Nihon Rekishi Gakkai, 926 Shinobu Jumpei, 1714, 1715 Shinobu Seizabur6, 571, 590, 591, 1692, 1716 Shiomi Sabur6, 1499, 1500 Shiomi Toshitaka, 1307 Shiota Sh~bei, 144, 153, 472 Shirato Ichiro, 170 Shirayanagi Hideumi, 664 Shiroki Masayuki, 1128 Shishido Shinzan, 1404 Shis6 no Kagaku Kenkyilkai, 1215, 1382 Shitsugyo6 Taisaku Shingikai, 1216 Shoji Kichinosuke, 1217 Shiigiin Giin Senkyoh6 Ch6sakai, 1089 Shiigiin Jimukyoku, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1106, 1114, 1115, 1116 Shuppan Nyu-susha, 59 Shuppan Taimususha, 101 5hy6 Ch-sabu, 853 Sonda Hideharu, 854 Sonobe Satoshi, 782, 783 Sonoda G~min, 944 S6rifu, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 971, 972 S6rifu Kokuritsu Yoron Ch6sajo, 1383, 1612 Suehiro Izutar6, 182, 697, 707, 1275 Suehiro Kenkyiijo, 738, 750, 762, 883, 1613 Suekawa Hiroshi, 183, 751 Suekawa Sensei Kanreki Kinen, 855 Suetaka Makoto, 808 Sugai Shiiichi, 784 Sugimura Sho-zaburo6, 785, 1614, 1615 Sugiura Mimpei, 1659 Sugiyama Kenji, 1328 Suisanch6, 1308 Sumimoto Toshio, 1758 Sumiya Etsuji, 419 Sumiya Mikio, 445, 1218 Susuki Bunji, 1276 Suzuki Mosabur6, 665, 1501
Page 209 APPENDIX 209 Suzuki Seishi, 492 Suzuki Shun'ichi, 1616 Suzuki Takao, 993 Suzuki Takeo, 1502 Suzuki Torao, 473 Suzuki Toshisada, 666 Suzuki Yasuzo, 373, 386, 420, 430, 538, 539, 572, 573, 739, 740, 741, 752, 763, 764, 942, 1129, 1250 Swearingen, Roger, 151 T Tabata Shigejiro, 890, 891, 902, 903, 908 Tabata Shinobu, 474, 742, 765, 1456 Tabohashi Kiyoshi, 1717 Tada Kiichi, 1503 Tagami Joji, 743, 786 Tagawa Daikichir6, 1130 Taguchi Ukichi, 203 Taimusu Shuppansha, 211 Taiyodo, 6 Takada Yasuma, 446 Takagi Hiroo, 1336 Takagi Juichi, 1504 Takagi Sokichi, 1457, 1458 Takahashi Korekiyo, 667 Takahashi Seigo, 387, 388, 1131 Takahashi Shin'ichi, 507 Takahashi Shozo, 262 Takahashi Teizo, 787, 1617 Takahashi Tetsuo, 574 Takaichi Yoshio, 41 Takaku Keiichi, 973 Takakubo Kihachiro, 1550 Takakuwa Suehide, 1329 Takamiya Tahei, 615, 927 Takamure Itsue, 1331, 1332 Takanashi Koji, 158 Takano Iwasaburo, 162, 163 Takano Minoru, 1277 Takano Takesada, 575 Takano Yuichi, 892, 904 Takaya Takayoshi, 1618 Takeda Takao, 1505 Takeuchi Zensaku, 122 Takigawa Masajir6, 540, 1309 Takigawa Yukitoki, 184 Tamaki Hajime, 1219 Tamamuro Taijo, 576 Tamura Tokuji, 796 Tamura Yuz6, 944 Tanaka Jir6, 727, 788, 789, 1619 Tanaka Kei, 7, 42 Tanaka K6tar6, 182, 1506 Tanaka Naokichi, 1693 Tanaka Ryukichi, 616 Tanaka S6gor6, 475, 476, 477, 577, 928, 1132, 1234, 1251, 1405, 1459 Tanaka Toku, 974 Tani Ikuzo, 1620 Taniguchi Zentaro, 1278 Taoka Reiun, 578 Taoka Ryoichi, 185, 893, 894 Tatewaki Sadayo, 1333 Teikoku Chiho Gyosei Gakkai, 698, 975, 1460, 1558, 1559 Teikoku Gakushiin, 929 Teikoku Horitsu Kenkyfikai, 1560 Teikoku Toshokan, 171 Teruoka Shuzo, 1220, 1292 Toda Shintaro, 931 Tog6 Shigenori, 1731 Tokinoya Tsunesaburo, 579 Tokuda Kyuichi, 1171, 1199, 1200 Tokutomi Iichiro, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675 Tokyo Asahi Shimbunsha, 102, 103 Tokyo Chih6 Kairyo Kyokai, 1581 Toky6 Daigaku Shakai Kagaku Kenkyfsho, 128, 797, 1279 T6ky6 Shisei Ch6sakai, 104, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 1582 Tokyo Shiyakusho, 1628, 1629 Toky6 Shosekish6 Kumiai, 61, 62 Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku Shiryo Hensanjo, 176, 580 Tokyodo, 60 Toky6to, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636 Torigoe Jukuji, 976 Torii Hiroo, 421 Toyama Shigeki, 422, 581, 618 Toy6 Keizai Kenkyujo, 265 Toyo Keizai Shimposha, 257 Tozawa Tetsuhiko, 1744 Tozuka Ichiro, 977 Tsuboi Kumaz6, 1694 Tsuchiya Takao, 676, 1507 Tsuda S6kichi, 932 Tsuji Kiyoaki, 447, 542, 1086, 1406 Tsuji Zennosuke, 266 Tsukui Tatsuo, 677, 1172, 1252 Tsunoda Reijir6, 1407 Tsurumi Ryoichiro, 1403 Tsurumi Shunsuke, 404 Tsusansho Kisha Kurabu, 978 Tsush6 Sangyosh6, 258, 979 U Uchida Jokichi, 448 Uchida Shigetaka, 389, 423 Uchimura Kanz6, 478 Ueda K6ichiro, 1173 Ueda Toshio, 1695, 1718 Uehara Etsujir6, 541 Uehara Senroku, 506 Uesugi Jujir6, 996 Uesugi Shinkichi, 718 Ugaki Issei, 1461 Ukai Nobushige, 542, 744, 790, 798, 1086, 1745 Umehara Hokumei, 582 Umemura, Michael T., 63 Uno Kozo, 502 Uoki Tadaichi, 479 Ushijima Shunsaku, 1385 Usui Shin'ichi, 980 Uyehara, Cecil H., 75, 152 Uzaki Rojo, 678 W Wada Hidematsu, 110, 1408 Wagatsuma Sakae, 186, 753 Wakabayashi Senji, 1601 Wakatsuki Reijir6, 679 Watanabe Ikujiro, 543, 583, 680, 933, 934, 1235, 1696 Watanabe Seiki, 1462 Watanabe Sotar6, 745, 791, 1409, 1584 Watanabe Tamotsu, 507
Page 210 210 A GUIDE TO JAPANESE REFERENCE AND RESEARCH MATERIALS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Watanabe Toru, 588, 1280 Watanabe Tsuneo, 1146 Watanabe Yoshimichi, 144, 153 Watanabe Yozo, 869 Watsuji Tetsuro, 935 Wilbur, Martin, 170 Y Yanase Yoshimoto, 1623, 1624 Yasuda Shin'ei, 47 Yayoshi Mitsunaga, 14 Yokose Yau, 584, 585 Yokota Kisabur6, 25, 895, 905, Yokoyama Gennosuke, 1221 Yokoyama Teruo, 1585 Yokusan Und6shi Kankokai, 620 Yoshida Shigeru, 683 Yoshida Togo, 212, 213, 563 Yoshikawa Suejir6, 1625 Yoshimura Akemichi, 586 Yoshimura Tadashi, 1091, 1746 Yoshino Sakuzo, 36, 48, 49, 50, 510, 587 Yoshitomi Shigeo, 449, 1747 Yoshizawa Kenkichi, 1732 Young, John, 76 909, 910, 1719, 1759 91, 115, 140, 481, 509, Yabe Teiji, 681, 1174 Yajima Toshijir6, 1561 Yamada Hideo, 46 Yamada Yukio, 792 Yamagiwa Keiji, 480 Yamaguchi Takehide, 1310 Yamakawa Hitoshi, 154, 682, Yamamoto Masao, 1236 Yamanaka Ichibe, 685 Yamanaka Tokutaro, 155 Yamazaki Goro, 1281 Yamazaki Hiroshi, 1177 Yamazaki Kazuo, 1090 Yamazaki Masakazu, 424 Yamazaki Matajiro, 544 Yamazaki Tansho, 943 Yanada Hiroyoshi, 1178 Yanaihara Tadao, 508, 619 1175, 1176, 1463 z Zaisei Janarisuto no Kai, 1508 Zen Todofuken Kansaiin Kyogikai Rengokai, 1627 Zenkoku Kyoiku Tosho Kabushiki Kaisha, 218 Zenkoku Senkyo Kanri Iinkai, 1092, 1093 Zenkoku Shakai Hoken Kyokai Rengokai, 809 Zenkoku Shichokai, 1626 Zenkoku Shiku Senkyo Kanri Iinkai Rengokai, 1094