Flint Spokesman [Volume: 1, Issue: 24]
PAGE Two ade e th ~ Alabama State Aides Hears Lecture by Sterling Brown ' MONTGOMERY Ala, ~Before a capacity s caiaats "ny historic Tullibody auditorium ~SterIng Brown, Howard university professor and visiting ~professor at the University of ~Minnesota spoke to the graduating classes at the twentyfifth summer commencement at the Alabama State Teachers College, Using the ~ subject ~Th: Negro in American Cultite~ he discusSed the Negro~s participation in and his influ@fice upon American culture in the fields of music, the dance, jitgrature, the theatre, the moving. picture, the _ radio, nains'ng, and sculpture pointing cut the fact that at, pres ~t there is a general aware -s; of the Negro~s participa~mg in all of these fields,. He ~thphasized the fact that what ~is not so well known is the presence? of the Negro in the ~cultural picture for over a hunded years, stating that on popular American music and the dance the Negro~s influence has been formative; while in literature many white authors have attempted to tell the Negro~s story and to interpret his Haraeter, efforts resulting often only in stereotyping the Negro, He mentioned Negro folk liter~ature ~as especially valuable in overthrowing the conventional ~: In the realistic presentation of Negro life, the moving pic: tures and On the entertainment level the radio lag behind ~cretive literature (the novel, poetry, and drama), stated the speaker; while in ~painting and sculpture, Negro artists are ~eoming of age in artistic sure ty and vision,~ He warned ~hat a grudging half-acceptance of the Negro artist challenges the artist but expressed the opinion that the signs seem _propiticus for the artists~? growih in craftsmanship, interpretative power and influence on America, In general, he concluded, Negro authors painters and artists in general are not creators of any unique culture~ they form merely one s?gment of American culture and deal wtth Negro. life and character | because they know these best, their work being part of the totu. American cultural | patteri, President H, Councill Trenholn awarded the M. Ed, degree to twenty two teachers in service, B, S, degrees were awarced to 168 persons;; Junjor College professional diplomas to 70; Junior College Cen eral diplomas: to two:; and High School diplomas to 22, The total enrollment for the 1946 summer quarter exceeded 2500 at Montgomery and at the branch summer sessions at Mobile and Birmingham, Supreme Court Upholds Board of ~ Elections on Charles Collins ~NEW YORK CITY ~Calvin~s News Service ~ Charles Collins was ruled out of the Demoeratic primaries for State Senator of the 21st district when the Supreme Court upheld the decision of the Board lins~ petitions had been fraudulently, obtained. Headquarters of the ALP endors?s says it will appeal the court~s decision. Should the appeal be turned down, Collins will Qgo after a big write-in campaign Continental League Branded as Front~ for the Ku Klux Klan LOUISVILLE ANP Daniel Dukes, _ assistant attormey~ weneral of Georgia, branded ~last week the Continental League for Christian freedom here as a ~front~ for the Ku Klux Klan. An emphatic denial came irom Millard D. Grubbs, national. ~dirgtor of.CLCF, who remarked ~that ~We don~t ap~ prove.of lynching racial dis~crimination, or of any one who wears a mask or hood, ~The ~ league has never been affiliat~ed with the klan, and no klan ~member has ever spoken beforg..Jeague membrs,~ Grubb said, Pomting out that his organization Js a ~non profit organi/ zation ~ Grubbs disclosed. that he organized the league here -in 1943. He came her? from his native Christian country in 1930. he said, Questioning of Grubbs. brought out the fact that his movement is _ similiar to the America: First movement and that he préfers the Nazis to cOmmunists, Grubbs disclaimed acquaintance of a Gen. Moseley,~ Gen. George Van. Horn Moseley, retired army officer, praised the Chio Colored Women~s Clubs Lead in Assets WASHINGTON ~Colored women's oranizations in Ohio lead in total assets, Phyllis Wheatiey (working girls~. hemes, and community center, according to a statistical r2port made at the convention of the National Association of Colored Wmen h3ld here recently. Tha report shows that Ohio~s womin~s clubs have assets totaling $1,045,000, including pror erty valued at $1,000,000, five homes for girls, five~ Phyllis _Wheatley homes, and thirty community centers,; Ohio leads also with 165 local federations that have a toial of 1641 members World Youth Leaders to Convene in S. C. BIRMINGHAM ~ ANP ~ Information emanating from the Southern Negro Youth congress disclosed that youth leaders from Yygoslavia, Chehoslovakia, the Soviet Union, China_ India, Africa, and a representative of the World Federation of Democratic youth will participate in the Southern Youth legislature to be held in Columbia, S, C., Qctober 18-20, One of the highspets of the meet will be an international youth pageant Saturday night, October 19, which will feature youths from. other countries speaking and dancing in native costumes. Delegates from 14 southern states are expected to attend the meet. Ohio Man to Fill Post of Late G. N. T. Gray ~NASHINGTON ~ NNPA ~ Kenneth E, Banks of Colum bus, Ohio, former supervisor German-American bund before the Dies committee in 1939, He said that his organization, which has never had a meéeting, numbers over 50,000 members throughout the country, with ~up to 15,000 in the~ midwest, There are 2.000 memb2rs in Louisville,~ he said, ~but very few inthe south, outside uf Tennessee.~ A function of the Contiental League for Christian freedon is to distribute literature for other groups, Grubbs said, He desevibed himself as a ~writer of political essays ard a trader in real estate,~ Must of the littrature he distributes is arand ed as fascist propaganda. Duke went to New Yor last week to determine prewar ties existing between the Klan and the~ German-American bund in carrying out Governor ~ Ellis Arnall~s all-out fight to simash the Ku Klux Klan. d 4 ~Jt All Happened in Aiken;~ Isaac Woodard Firmly Holds - NEW. ~YORK: ~There just ain~t no doubt about it, I lost my eyes in Aiken, S. C.,~ reitérated Isaac Woodard -veteran of the Pacific theatre, here last Wednesday, Woodard, the victim of < brutal beating by two Aiken, S. C| policemen last February 12 during a scuffle which cost him his. eyesight, evinced surprisecd. that Aiken authorities disclaimed any knowledge of:kKe-titident which put him in the Veterans hospital at Columbia, S, C., for two months, Reviewing the happenings of that unfortunate night, Woodard said that he was formerly a member of the overseas 429th Port Bn. and that his outfit had worked on the Philippine beaches. He ~~ to the ites~ taking 6 bus to Atlanta where he caught another bus bound for Winnsboro to see his wife, ~I left Atlanta at 8:30 p, m. on~a-Gteyhound bus, About 17 miles outside town, the bus jriver stopped at a sorta drugstore, I asked, ~Have you got time to wait until I go to the washroom?~ He was a tall, slim fellow and he didn~t look mean, but he turned. around and cursed and said, ~You go back and sit down.~ I curs?d back and said, ~All ~right, but don~t talk to me like that. 'm a man, You ANP ee oe - a don~t have to talk like that, 8 The bus driver is said to have bad. 2 change of mind and told him to go but hurry. back, When the veteran returned the bus was waiting for him, During the course of. the journey, Woodard stated that he had forgotten about the incident, but just as they reached a big town, which he was later told over to the side of the jroad, was,Aiken, the driver pulled got out and talked to a man dressed in a_ blue uniform, Coming back, he told Woodard thar the uniformed man. wanted to speak to him, It was then the trouble| was said to have begun. The driver told the policeman that - ~this is the fellow giving me ~trouble,@ whereupon Woodward tried to explain and was allegedly hit with a billy, The policeman took him by the arm and started walking him toward the jail as the bus driver drove off. The first question he | was asked was ~Have you been discharged?~ to which he answerer ~Yea,* whereupon he~ was slugged, The policeman told him ~Don~t. you year to} me, nigger, Don~t you know how to say "yes, sir~?~ The beating continued until Woodard grabbed the billy, and of the minorities service section of the Ohio War Manpower Commission, will soon be n:med labor technician in the minority groups section of the United States Employment Services to fill the post left vacant by the death of George N, T, Gray, it was learned las: Friday... As a labor specialist, Banks will be a key man in the offices of Mrs. Thomasina Johnson, minority groups section chief, whys succeeded; Benjamin Wilson in that pans early this year. MESSENGER BOY LOSES - OUT ON BRACELET NEW YORK CITY ~ Calvin~s News. Service Messenger boy Preston S, Knight was a sick guy this week, He had been notified by the police to pick up the $2,000 bracelet hs had found in the. gutter three nths ago and turned in to police statiun, When he arrived for the bracelet, which is studded. with 18 sapphires and 15. diamonds. Preston~ discovered that a naval offiger's wife had filed a claim that morning, And.it ~looks like feta is legitirnate.. g ee site sheet more than ~of member eral Reserve System | uwere govern: ment securities ag contr with mat proportion of legs than 11 per cemt aon and ss alanis to shoot the vet ~unless he put down that billy,~ When he put it down, he was again severely beaten with the billies and as he fell, he was beaten until he was unconscious, It was when they reached the jail that the billies were struck. in his eyes.- ~I could still see when they threw me into a cell,~ said Woodward, ~but the next morning when I woke up I couldn~t see at all, ~They wouldn~t get me a coctor,~ ~he further stated, ~and my eyes hurt worse, Finally, Jate in the afternoon one of the men who beat me up~ could tell by his voice ~ put me in a car and drove me Over to the hospital at Columbia,~ Saying that he wanted to be sure just where it was he had been beaten, he said, ~What town is this anyhow?~ and re another policeman pulled) his ceived for an answer that ~this is Aiken, 8. C, WASHINGTON ~ NNPA ored who fail to meet the minimum standards~ for military service, A circular, issued by Gen?ral Dwight D. Eisenhower, Chief of Staff, by direction of Seerotary of War Robert P. Patterson, and dated August 10 directid commanders of _ all echelons gnd all officers serv~ng on boards of officsz:s considering inaptitude of soldiers appiy more general ty -~Army, Regulations providing for the discharge of soldiers for in~sptitude,: While the circular makes no of race or color, it is known that the Army _ considers as a problem coldred soldiers who fall in grades 4 and.5 under the Army General Classification Test, Of its colored manpower, 66 per cent of colored personnel in the Regular Army ~is said to. be substandard. 13 circular staves: ~1, There are in the Army certain unsuitable enlisted personnel whose retention in the service hinders.the develop mention ment of an efficient postwar | | Army. Technologleal develapments, together with the necessity of economy in expenditure of funds, require that personnel who cannot he ~conomically trained ~be eliminated. ~2. Personnel whe have had homy "Moves to Rid Stal of Undesirable Personnel. ~j]a minimum of 6 months of |The Army has moved to rid Tits2lf of personnel, mainly col-| of serving in the Army in a SATURDAY, AUOYAR at 1948 v serviee and whc are incapable desirable matn:r aft~r reasonible attempts have been made to utilize tieir capabilities ~Obviously~ do not possess the required degrae of 4dap~ability for the mulitary gervic>, Such zersonnel are normally indiyiduals who lack the mextal guulifications necessary to betome suitable soldiers (generally personnel whos? AGCT score is below 70) or those who, because of repeated commissit of minor offznses a diseiplinary action, cannot economically utilized, Personnel of this type should be ~separated from the service and denied the Opportunity of re-entering it. ~This can generally be accomplished by: means of AR 615-569 (ineptitude proceedings. ~3. The War Department desires that AR 615-369. he mare generally applied and that un suitable enlisted péz 1 be brought promptly before boards of officers convened under the provisions -of this regulation al ~! ) eliminate such personnel in the early stages of training,an effivient postwar army and insure the most economical use of epee wae power... 3 National Negro her hla Oe PHILADELPHIA ~ NNPA _The~ Netional Business League at its anual convention, whicl: convened Wednesday at ~the Christian Sect Branch Y,W. C.A, will vote on establishing an administrative office in Washington to serve colored businesses. 'The plan, recommended by the Steering Committee of the League, calls for a budget of $10,000 a year for maintenance and op@rating of the office. An executive secretary or administration officer would be ~ in charge of the Office. One of the functions of the business developenen. office would be to. ~ tistical saci se seeanle of the League; conduct to determine the ~income, wages, salaries, employment opportunities, wealh and purchasing power of colored people, and prepate ~and distribute analyses of colored~ concerns, |' their operation, business velume, profits and the best areas for Democracy By Elder Bennett, House of David TOLEDO, Ohio~(APNS)~ It is very pitiful to see the discrimination that prevails in the majority of the states of the United States. There was once a time when you could fool the people and gal them blinded;: but not now, that?~ can~t be done.: A great states pan once said,. ~you can,. fool: jome of the peo-: ole some of the~ ~ime, but you; rxan~t fool all of, the people all she time, ~Most gan see much injustice ~ is being prac- Elder. Bennett ticéd during these days. We ef setting~ ve;y poor-example ~the foreign nations, How can we expect to get the foreign. nations to reform~ when we don~t - practice what we teach? - Pzeul said, ~thou shalt not steal or commit adultry.~ Do you commit any of these gayings of Paul~s? If a person of nation teach certain things they should put the same into practice, I have been chécking upon the discrimination that is now in Louisville, Ky, I have two cases that I have turned over to.the NAACP~s Attorney, in the city. The first case is a friend of mine, who has a license to peddle as I stated in my column last week, They have jim-crowed him, which limits him not to go any farther than 6th and Walnut Sis,, going East. But they let the white men peddle~ any place they desire, I have known this friend for years and he is par-- lyzed, His father is disabled to work, They applied for relief in January, but as yet they haven~t received any aid, I do believe that it is just a plain discrimination case. If he didn~t have dark skin,| I am sure he would have received aid from the relief assodation. The money the Red Cross and the Community a tl ~the Lake of Fire,~ and that is to repent to God this country there is no need Chest Solicit for the relief is to be used for any race, or tel: gious. people, It is supposed to be used for those who are in need, fegardless who they may be. They didn~t refuse to take are Negro people~s ~money, don't you agreé when I say, that Is Very poor democracy, We have a criminal Jaw. against getting money under false pretense, Is there any country ~on earth that has so many ways of hiding back of the law and robbing the people, as. the United States? The federal ~government should have a committee of white. and. colored: to properly investigate the said. conditions in every city. Our: ~country: has just - about sine ed as Boent~ } have a part. in: government. ~ the Negro race: 8 por: whites have, In same they are, hoodwinked by the crooked:.politicians and preachérs, We are fast following the Babylonian Romas, and Jewish nations, just before they fell, The conditiens can~t continue ~ much longer as they are today, - a Men as a whole don~t care for laying their hand--on the}. ~Holy Bible and swearing a lie, Jobn the Revelator. said, ~all s will have their part in Is America to escape this destruction? She had better do as Nevinee did, and begin to love each other. The churches are warring against each other. Gentiles hating the Jews, White people hating the Indian and Negro race, Capitalists against the poor, father against son, son against father, daughter against mother, mother against daughter, nations hating each ~ other, and they, still call themselves Christians. I can say only in name, not in reality with the wealth of of any person or persons being] on rélief or in the poor housé,| may ~Race Sauer, be} R. {to guard duty from 10 p.m, | her early in the night.. _ on probably had picked up his c~ar| bine to shoot a German~ police | Us a rotten KKK |'When he gota glimpse of me ~siiaien a - Sentenced to Be Hanged FUERTH, Germany ~ NNPA~ A nine-man general court. martial last Friday night semtenced Private James C. Devone, a colored soldi--, of Sampson County, North Carolina, to be hanged for killing two soldiers on th? fiscal s:aff of the Army Newspap2>r ~Stars and Sir ipes~ on May 10, -Devone killed Staff Srgeant William R. Timmons, 21, of West Haven, Connecticut ind fechnician Fourth~ Grad? Paul ~Skelton, 21, of McKinney, ~Pexas, - ~while they, another svldier and three women civilian ~employes of the paper were driving through a Nuernberg suburb in a jeep at night. He fired~ three times with a carbine, ' canes Tke defendant stood at atteniion and displayed no emotion as Colonel U, N, James, of ~Birmingham, Alabama, president of the court, read the sentence, The verdict and s2n-, tence must be réviewed by General Joseph: T. McNarney, commanding American troops in Europe before oo | can be executed Devone and a blond 18-year old German girl were the only defense witnesses. The. girl ad-. mittd she had passed part of the night of the shooting with Devone. Devone. said he had been drinking ~beer and schnapps all day~ but felt sober when he killed the soldiers, He said he had been assigned tO 2 a.m, but had not reported, and the girl said he had left Lieutenant Carl M. Shinn, of Pueblo, Colorado, chief prosecutor, charged that Devone man who he feared. might. arrest the girl for breaking the curfew, and had shot the two soldiers in the jeep which was passing.. Ru after his arrest, Devone said he fired ~three shots. ~ ~at a civiliun going up the road,~ ~vhich reSulted in the deaths of the two American sorpegnts.. He asserted: that..the ~jeep:. which the sérgearits were rit ing got in the way of the last bullet he fired,: -Devone confessed after ballistics tests showed the fatal shots were fired from an Army, carbine which had been traced; to him, The empty shells were found behind a clump of bushfs: near the scene, in a bomb shattered residential section of Nuernberg, Devone went. overseas to serve in the 3757th Quart~rmaster Truck Company in the Nurenbtrg area. A. NIGHTMARE By F. E, Miller for ANP Guess I ate too much.- la night Before I went to bed Md hardly covered up myself ~Till: I dreamed.that I was Thought I went.:to H2aven! ~It ~surely was divine! - ~Came up and got in line. Gee! did he get sore! ~Hey! you!~ he yelled, ~go to the back!~ ~This ain~t the darkies door! Sonveone told the dumb trash He~d better shut his mouth. That things weren~t done in Heaven Like they were down in the south. Was he mad! He started picking flaws With the management of Heaven For not laws, He rushed up to St, Peter, an to rave and yell St. Peter stopped him when he said, ~Your ticket reads.. having Jim Crow To Hell.~ the dumps, or having to live in shacks: We ought to first take care of our people at home, then aid the people in the foreign countries, How much help do they give us? Still the preachers say come and get religion, join the Church, serve God for he will blesg you, I iy 8 believe in serving God reality from the heart ig not from "~ lips, Seek the truth while ~be found., Supremacy~.a Signed confession nae F |columnist and head Ingui WASHINGTON ~(ANP) ~Four senators joined in a pledge here last Wednesday to begin a therough and imparial investigation of the camsaign. expenditures and ~white wpremacy argumerts of Sen. Theodore G. Bilbo (D.. Miss.). and into oth=:r-senatar al camyaigns if recessarv. The pledge ceme on th heels of Sen: Bilbo~s open defiance of reports hat an effort would te made ~o dery him his seat in the sen-}i ate when the 80th ecnvener.in January. The pledge-swearers were Sens. Stvles Bridge (R., NHL). Homer F-rcugon (R "Mich.), Allen J. Ellender (D.,., La.), and Bourke B. Hickenlooper, (R.. Ia~. Sen. Ellender is | chairman of the five-man special committee eet up by the senate of the 79th congress to investigate expenditures, of senator.al candidates in 1946. Other committee members are Sens. Bridges. Hickriloyper, Burnet R. Maybank. (D., S.C.), and Edwin C. Johnson (D., Colo.) who resigned in d'sgust. gyer the inaction of:the ~committee. Sens. Ferguson and Bridges are also members of the regular senate committee on; privileges and elections, which {s con zress 3 - sam Ba? Bee not concerned with. campaign expenditures, but with the over-all qualifications of | the men elected to the senate. ob In scoffing at reports that campaign is to un Sen. Bilbo declared, ~ nothing to it. It:is just agitetion from a bunch of damned Communists.~ ~ Three of the ésinasouls Hickenlooper, Bridge and, Fergu-. son, declared that they would concerning senators,. cpecial poe two, wh as ~seri a charges i Re Re A. Collins. that ma D9 receives $25,000 from a_ Mississ firm for his campaign in Vic tien of fedoras ~~ state I Bilbo was ft oerennt ~in the recent ry. are ines ie beberee ~that the investigation of chars that aibet Shetian ments on white ennynacd: ws | } signed to intending I gas) into | staying away from th gay Is, is a matter that should dled by the committee on, privileges and election. One of the first witnesses to appear before the five-man special committee, headed by Ellender, when it meets, will he Collins, it was disclosed. Report White Threats Block Race Vote in Texas Primary MADISONVILLE, Texas ANP Threats by local whites are reported to be Tesponsible for keeping this town~s 242 Negro citizens away from the polls during the July 27 Democratic primary,: Voting records here show that not a single Negro vote was cast in the first Texas Democratic primary opened to Negroes. That fact was admitted by Justice of the Peace G, L, Sawyer who branded the reports of white intimidation as a ~lot of propaganda,~ Giving his version -of< winks yer remarked that ~we dont have any trouble at all with our nggers here. The whites, and niggers cooperate just fine. ~ Only when reminded that something irregular had happened to keep all the Negroes here away from the polls did he concede, ~Well, thre might have ~been,~ ~talked~ ~freely~ ~ abéut a oike man being stabbed by a Negro woman, at~: -ayearnival 3 days before thé ~primary The woman charged the man was annoying: jher;;He; ed that ~| '~altereation merely ~a little disturbance,~ and said ~twar~t He black race relations here; Saw-| nothing to -it.~ td; rn = hi H TAMI GETTING reuse W ite Mouse |FoR WHAT?~ Hig NEPTUNE..J,..~ ~CNS ~ *|Corresp ondent ~ Sues $10, 000... By CONRAD CLARK '~Louis Lautier, Negro White House correspondent, filed a $10,000 damage suit: against Harry McAlpin and Alfred Smith, alias ~Charley Cherokee,~ co-authors of ~Manuscript,~ in the distrct court here, ~Aug. 21. The suit states ~that Manuscript. in its issue of July 9 said ~an angghe: af the White House called Negro papers and | correspondents last week to tell them he -had jatrusted the White House~release9f ithe fr |~ September, 4th~ pane British tiga i, nal FEPC report to Louis Lau tier. Lautier, whe promised to deliver, but, instead, Lautier|' wrote a supposedly exclusive | - Istory. Mr. Lautier alleges in ~his suit, against the. co-authors ~that the statement and cha:-' ges that he misused a trust by withholding: from So thet pe papermen. i had~ promise in oe pre among them and used it tes an own. personal ~profit. and gaib; implied ~that he was untrustworthy, a.cheat and a liar.~ The plaintiff further that he was ~~not guilty of any of the charges and statements, which facts the de fendant knew or should have known, and that said malicious statement and Injured | his reputation and professional standing in the community and high official places.~ The correspondent, national of the nation's NNPA office in the capital, is ba a a, - McAlpin, pret s predecessor in the NNPA office is now an employee in the OPA end Smith, is ae: stk eee x mone eae Ra moe (3 1 8 ig ha Ae aca i Sh is not far. away. WASHINGTON ~(ANP) * ~j4d rounds ~ ~Ha: Qe~, attaches sakedd 5 states) Tami Mauriello went through the | motions of preparing: himsélf for the world championship bout on September 18th Having pitched camp here at Neptune, he boxtwo with Cleo Everett and one with Johnny De ~ Mail. Now scaling 205, Tami 1s anxious to peel down to 192 be fore he runs; into Joe.; Mad Ltt WILLIAM FLIES TO ENGLAND TO DEFEND ~ TITLE fis NEW YORK CITY ~ 1 sabia: News Service~NBA lightweight }champion tke~"Wil La Guardia Field T D a TWA blave for. Engl and, is enrounte to London via eee. diff, Wales to, defend ~his: Sod James, Les ANGELES, st +i-Calvin~s~ News Service ~ Once stopped in. she sixth round by the then (1935) fast or 5 Joe opts Pri beer ee?) th eee i wrestlir ~Wr there is an aviation | hig: svar yevord~, fis serkihig td ~tind ~ ra collaborated with the Nazis in - World War II, Carnera is in the - states to mmakeia tour, Yay ~Rev. John Henry Qwens for ANP. L never hear a birdsong but I if fel,~ a5 ts 4 God~s closeness ~to his children here below; - even when I penitently I ~feel His ~RaMow in the be id ait glow. "A judgment of $347.60T was awarded this week by Federal Judge John rips = the Of ington o, Defender. everening pera so geste ms ys om S pur prongs: " gpeving gute then Slate by me ers, jobbers ving. them from -a beight onto-the | ~ributors for resale pais rocks below. and Navy outlets, | as i we saa Pec Hastie. 23 ants Bia 8 (ont ea eae rage 3
About this Item
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- Flint Spokesman [Volume: 1, Issue: 24]
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- Page 2
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- Flint, MI
- August 31, 1946
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- African Americans--Michigan--Flint--Newspapers
- Flint (Mich.) -- Newspapers
- Genesee County (Mich.) -- Newspapers
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- Black Community Newspapers of Flint
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"Flint Spokesman [Volume: 1, Issue: 24]." In the digital collection Black Community Newspapers of Flint. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/35183405.0001.024. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 6, 2025.