Flint Spokesman [Volume: 1, Issue: 11]
SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1946 having a good job | was drafted and taken to two war theaters to engage in repelling the enemies of our great country. I got | my first view ofthe South with all of ~ts Jim Crowism, segrege- | tion and discrimination. | have come back. to Flint, much aged in years from my service, somewhat brokenin realth and I try to get the picture of what Flint means to me and what it chould mean to me so that the two might be compared that I. may draw afar conclusion. | We are living in a city that is remote tothe. Mason and | Dixon Ine and vet | do not find that our fortunes are not in~ anywise comparable to what our surroundings would demanc. T om willingto grant that Flint is ctrictly an industrial town,. with a dearthof white collar jobs. I find too much reluctance en the part of people who are in power to accord to our race; anv jiohs of distinctio? recardless of the merit ofthe aspir2nts. | It ~s an odd paradox trat if men are drafted to go to the four | naencen of the world to ficht for their country, and I take great #4. tn that: it ceeme thotithev would have somethi-g to aay mlast th- anvernment oftheir citv etate and nation. We have! Lan chented here andthere..We have been buffeted abont | from pil'ar to post and now it seems. to me that it is time all young men to step forward. Weishould not only serve but be: We gould, take: the reins and guide our perple to the _ hatter thines ~n life. ettBer ioks, Retter educational opvortunities. better housing, more recreation and more: police and fire protection. To acquire these blessings we w'll have to envage in that moct complex of all American complexes, and that is politics. We have got to get behind the right men and the richt issues, with one idea ~n view and that is to serve the verv hest interest of our community. state and nation. In many instances we can go wrong, but there is one instance: that we can not eo wrong and that is in voting for George Friley for com"missioner from the Third Ward. To do this is to use voor! sensc; anything else is madness. e A DISSERVICE TO A GOOD CAUSE In keeping with a policy that is nat onal, the Community Civic League. sent!etters to all of tre lhurches of Flint, requesting the pastors to impress upon their people the extreme urgency of registering so thatthey would be qualified to vote. Mention was made of the fact that a colored man was running ana it was~implied that the comm~'ttee would be grateful for him to be suported by the people ofthe Third Ward. ol ~It has been reported tothe writer that a very prominent pastor made derogatory remarks concern'ng the canlidate and that he reflected unfavorably upon the type of business that this man conducts, or has conducted. This seems irrevelant to the real issue. Tre league did not seek to usethe pulpit to further the centleman~s candidacy. It merely sdught to have the nactor to use his good offices in urging that the people avail thémselves ofthe greatest right of citizenship and that is the right to vote We feel that a fa'lure to do thib is a disservice to a good cause. We realize that anyone who has the shaping of the lives of youngsters is sensit ve about where they go or what they do. We all would like: to have them in church on Sunday and refrain from all of those acts thatare a breach. of the Sabbath. Just what to have must be perplexing to all of us and at the same time give us some food for thought. __, When our young people go to the moving picture shows or any of the palaces of pleasure; itis like walking through ornated portals into crystal palaces to gaze upon jasper walls. The program there is entertaining from beginningto end and creates an incentive for the young patron to go back. This going back is a longine for something that has not been fulfilled. In that alone lay the church~s greatest opportunity. Let us make our churches more beautiful. Let us offer a program that will be constructive as well as enjoyable to our youth from beginn'rg to end. If the present day youth is apparently irreligjous some of the blame can be lain at the door of those who carted, ~ antee~ to Negroes than to white workers for it usually gives Negroes rights which both white workers and white employers were not. willing to grant to Negroes otherwise, Nether. the J7IO nor the AFL is going to be so foolish and spendthrift as to offer Nefroes that vague something called Social equality in the south. They. haven~t done that in.Chicago, Detroit or.New ork. However, all CIO and most AFL unions have and still guarantee Negro workers. More consistently the ~~guaralmost always means equal pay for equal work, but Negroes are uSually given the run-ground when it comes to promotions: on the basis of seniority and_ability, But the Negro with a beef on this point, by virtue of his union card, has grounds on which to fight; grounds which arouse a more sympathetic attitude in the breasts -of his fellow white workers, To that extent Negro2s. stop being a Negro and becomes ~union members.~ But in 1944 there were 57 strikes itil, the U. S, granting groos. or according them eco { nomie equality, Most of these against promotions to Ne-{ were in union organized shops and in the north. Less than half a dozen were in the south, ~not only because the south had fewer factories but fewer Negroes tried to get ahead in them. Clearly, the Negro worker will gain tremendously if CIO and AFL can strengthen his claim for economic equality as to wages, promotions and _ seniority. Ae, Writing in the May issue of the American _ Federationist, Sam J, Byers, president of the AFL~s Laundry Workers International Union states: - ~The issue in the south, as elsewhere is not ~social~ equality, It is economic equality. The majority of the Negro members of our union have very emphatically expressed themselves that they are not now interested in social equality, but ~they do want economic equality and they feel that the people who are preaching social equality are doing a disservice to the Negro people, Our aim is higher wages and better working conditions for all our members, irrespective cf race, creed or color. In time Social equality will take care of itself, are directing our religious program. If we have nothing new to offer why not dress the: old up and vresent it in an interestine way and make it a challenge to the dance ha'ls and the - skatine party. We cannot 'n realism eXpect our children to get un testifying singing and praying as their elders do, but we can have a program that will keep trem at the church and if this is done, when thev are older they will follow the same Christian traits of their elders. a ~et INDTISTRIAT. LABOR RELATIONS The United Mine Workers) cause,. Union, headed by John~- L.| We cannot blame the miners. Lewis. is again in the apes when, even to a casual observ er, so much needs to be done to raise the economic and cultural levels of the families which produce the coal that is the backbone of American industry. A great responSibility rests upon the operators, but an even greater responsibility rests upon the industries and people of the courtry who permit living and working conditions in this in lines. This time because it has been a contributing factor in slowing up reconversion thruout the nation, I hasten here to say that the operators have as much to do with the critical situation now facing industry as the| miners, In other articles I have pointed ~out the -severe living conditions which abound in mining districts I have indicat ed that operators have not_instituted: safety measures which would save hundred of workers~ lives. All in all, this is the reason for a John L. Lewis. The squalor of the mining towns the unreasonableness of the operators, the lack of progressive Civic leadership only aid his b dustry to be so much inferior to the Amercan~s idea of a good standard of living. Governmental control of the mines may be the answer, not merely an intervention, until the parties get together and come up with a collective bar gaining agre ement, An industry throughout our prosperous.land, once and for all, Standards for We want to raise their wages,. not get their names in the society columns of the newspapers. No union in any part of the nation ever demanded that its members be allowed to sit. down to dinner in the home of the boss. What good would that do them? What_,the unions do demand is enough pay so. that their members can eat as well as the boss. Anyone who injects the issue of ~Social~ equality is trying to make a sucker of those he at tempts. to organize. He is di. | ~~ so vital to each and every~ other industry, an industry that affects the health, safety, work and existence of every man. woman and child in America ought to be in the control of the public, In wartime the government has demonstrated its ability to produce for and protect -its populace. Why cannot Same government operate this vast utility even in peacetime? Crippling strikes and recalcitrant operators will Soon force the public to demand that the government step in and setile, miners and their families can you afford to leave the people who love you so. dearly and go to another people just because they offer you more money?~ My father studied his answer and finally replied, ~Gordon, I don~t see the use of God mak-ing a better way for a man if the man does not take it.~ Father had something: This is equally true of the suffrage of Negroes; for unless Negroes avail themselves of the suffrage opportunities the sacrifices of those who went before are thereby nullified. The voting privilege has been bought. with a grat price and when it?is spurned we commit not oly political sacrilege but we lay. the plans for future disaster, In this late date Negroes are in far too many caS8es far too indifferent to the privileges of the ballot, They are in very truth nullificationists, They are nullifying the supreme court de cisions and they.are nullifying. the sweat and tears and blood of those who died that the voting privilege might be ours. The story goes that in a certain city.of.the upyer. south, a prominent Negro was urged to offer as a candidate for the city council. A campaign was. planned and prosecuted most vigorously, Enthusiasm ran high. Negroes became ~certain~ of 700 votes at one phase of the campaign. Just before election ~the said 700 votes dwindled to about 300; and as one of the campaign promo~ers wrote me: ~If a few hundred whites had date, our campaign would have looked silly.~ Thus the Negroes who did not vote nullified the politcal support offered by sympathete whtes, - The NAACP, has won decision after decision in the supreme court which gave political advantage to Negroes but our very indifference is nullifying both the decisions and the worthy efforts of the N, A, A. C. P. Nullifications was | jous not voted for the Negro candi-. ~ ~ ~ iH: vill, \\ =S ss ee Released Ultara-nationalism ~ the flag waving, spread-eagle, Americafirst-last and-all-the time nationalism~is the Siamese twin of race prejudice..The most ferocrace-mongers, the Gerald L. K, Smiths, Bilbos, Ku Kluxers, et al, are also.:the most ferocious nationalists. This is a fact. pregnant. with significance, and -with a Significance, alas, that is: not generally appreciated, For example:. Nationalism ~ national consciousness and the feeling that the individual owes his. first loyaity to'a nation~arose pratically simutaneously with) theories of superior and _ inferior races, That was around the end of the eighteenth century. Up to that time no one seemed to have daubted that man formed a single, indivisible species, As the spirit of arrogant nationatiem ~spread; however, ' and - people of each. country were indoctrinated with the notion that their own national character was the purest, their soldiers the bravest, and their national traditions.the most glorified, distinctive racial bodies were discovered or invented tor every national ~soul.~; This is seen most clearly in America where, despite the fact that Negroes arrived. in large numbers. in the seventeenth century~long before the ~ ancestors of most white Americans~ they are still regarded in every other than a lIegal respect as aliens. The ~American~ of play and story is always white, Indeed, so deeply rooted in nationalist theology cept of the ~American~ as white, that the native-born Negro is habitually called an ~American Negro~ or just ~Negro,~ buj never just ~American.~ Curi a great national issue in the (latter part of the 18th century in this country and in the early Part of the 19th, But nullifica. ion is a live issue as it concerns the Negro for the Negro~s indifference to the ballot is one of the gravest issues confronting the 20th century Negroes of this country. Supreme court decisions are strictly limited and the efforts of the NAACP are largely nullified unless Negroes take their baloting' responsibilities more seriously. Today the Ku Klux Klan is again lifting its monstrous head here and there eabout the nation, There is an element of the white south arrayed against it and resolving to fight it un verting their attention from better wages.: Any employer will sit down to dinner with his ~mployes it he can save a nickel an hour in wages by doing so, And if any CIO organizer wins ~sogial/~ equality at this time, it will be at the expense of the workers So far as the Laundry Workers International unfon is conceriied, we will continue to organize on economic grounds. bide will not be drawn into feverish.competition on phony isSues. We have a record of con Sistent Progress and devoti vot to the welfare lo that union and that is precisely what it will remain, ously, and ironically, even the ~American Indian is exciuded by the nationalist concept. When ~t is mentioned that he isthe.original American, it is with. note of wonderment~as though the person making this observation were making this observation were making a new and profound discovery! Now if it fs true that national and racial prejudices are Siamese twins, it follows that to destroy one we must destroy the ~other, In order words, in uprooting the idea that some socalled races are inherently superior and others inherently inferior, we must also upfoot the ~notion that nationality endows men with special virtues of voices. We must fight against the efforts of chauvinists and ruling classes everywhere to compartmentalize the working class. A working ~lass* that is stuffed with nationalist nonesense, which believes its own nation is the quintessence of r'ghteousnsss and all other nations are nations of knaves~ such a working class is not only an easy class~to rule, it is also the ready dupe of war plotters. As long as the capitalist classes of the world have their re. spective wage - slave classes blinded. by a patrotism that Stops at the boundaries of their native lands, they will not lack Pawns for the game of war which they, and they alone, benefit.; In all the world today there is one vital force that comes to grip with the degrading spirit of narrow. nationalism. # f by Calvin's News Service is this con-~ ote WEEKLY PEOPLE | eo ~ Mi oe 24 t 7 That.force is the international Socialist movement, Tt. is the force which expose capitalist patrictism as, hypocrisy and reveals the interests of workers the world over to be identical. Profit is profit to the capitalist class..whether it is ~produced by Africaris, Asiatics or Americans. If you could, see the lists of stockholders~ in our ~ great~ corporations, you. would see there the names of _ Spanish. dons and British lords, as well ~as American, nabobs of finance.. Likewise, are the: stockholders. of gold mines*in. South: Africa, railroads in Pern and oil fields. in the Middle East rosters of international capitalists each of whom, in their own countries, bea: the drums for nationalism, It is the movement. of the working class, I repeat, which alone posses$es.the moral, and te |physical: strength to batter.down the national partitions and racail prejudices that divide mankind and enslave the human mind. With Maxim Gorky, I say: ~History demands the coming of a new man, freed from racial, national and class prejudices. Is such a man possible? The working class is about to create him: Apply your efforts, employ all your days to the creation of the ardently expected man, and you. yourself will become that man.~: Sentence Sermons By Rev. Frank Clarence For ANP - 1, True leadership soon develops into a real partnership in which the people are fed who are properly led, 2. Christ always sought first to satisfy human needs before trying to plant in men, spiritual seeds.; i 3, He- multiplied afew fish~s and. loaves of bread; and satisfied the human appetites of even those. who. were - spiritual-+ ly dead, |; 4,. Christ also proved: Him: self a sympathetic ~and: all-wise Leader because He was-a mat chless provider and sou] feeder. 5. Some: leaders in church and state today, seem to think their job is only to take, and the people, pay,: Lowry: ee ~ 6. In many churehes, the members like sheep are longing for real spiritual food. while ~modern shepherds seem to. be wandering into a worldly mood. 7,. The measurements of # leader are on the inside, and their reflections conduce either the weal or the woe of the _influenced individuals on_ the outside,: é 8. It is sad, though said, there are few real leaders, but many deceivers. ane 9. Wolves in sheep~s clothing are mighty treacherous examp. les for the youth. of today, and all too vicious for honest gTown ups to be exposed to, who are looking for fair play,; 10. Any class of leaders who hide behind their professions as a smokescreen, only to snipe and kill and carry on the chicanery of hell, are only safe within a cell. 11. Jesus was faced with so many quack leaders and cheat MICHIGAN WIVES GET FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Hospital and medical care have béen provided for more than 43,000 Michigan wives and babies of service men since May 27, 1043, at -a- cost of $3,554,887 to ~the Federal Government. PAUL ROBESON -AND GEO, F, ADDES TO SPEAK AT NAT'L. NEGRO CONGRESS name. Over in Van Dyke, Michigan, an aged. photographer by. the name of ~Christ~ Del is~ being held on a Stafutory rape Van Dyke School girl, Unlike the Bibical character~ of~ the~ same name, this. ~Christ~ seems bent on destroying children in-' stead of saving them. ee 4 FISH TRAPS CATCHES RATS ~ FA ht ' Believe it or not,~S. D, Bishop~ of Bomburg, S. C.,' built a fish: trap, and left it over night at a ed. Before leaving for the night, he baited it, so as to be ready to try it out in a nearby stream the next day, When he returned the next morning he was surprised to find nine rats in the trap. In a few days he had caught 19. more,- Bishop is think~ ing seriously of quiting~ the fish trap venture and go into the rat An eleven-point program for | trap business. Barto Virgin WASHINGTON ~ AWN: William H, Hastie, recently inaugurated first Negro governor of the Virgin islands, last week said islanders muSt increase national. income if they are to realize self-government promised them by President Truman. Hastie said he hopes to improve economy of the island, which is 90 per cent populated by Negroes, Away from the islands since 1939 when he concluded a term as first Negro he would not make known his plans for island improvement until he is throughly familiar with current problems and wishes. ~ An estimated inerease of $500,000 in annual - internal revenues was cited as an absolute necessity before the United States might free the natives to govern themselves. Under the present system, the President appoints the governo: to his $8,000, a year post. and also names a governor~s secretary who acts as lieutenant governor and admin ste's for the inlan? of St, Cro-x, largest ~ of the ilsands which make up the Virzin group.: 4 Hastie, the fourth governor ~since the islands were purchased from Denmark for $25 -000,000 in.v as; has, on his sdmini; -.ve st=:. 100 employes apo) ated ~y t-+ Ameri. can secté-i.7 0~ th~ interior, Hastie; in~ Washington to ask restoration of funds to meet ra deficit of $150,000 in the St. Croix ~budget, said salaries of federal employes and their administrative expenses in the fiscal year ending June 30 will be to say ~Woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites~ for ye are as graves which appear not,. and the men that walk over them are not aware of them,~ 12, And yet, even until this day. this type of leadership seems to be in full sway, de ~Spite their knowledge of the fact that it, like crime, does not pay. Hastie Finds Poverty A federal judge there, Hastie said - 164 approximate y $200,000. The local budget of St, Thomas, $809,000, will b> met by island revenue, he sa: J. ae The appropriation Kili. as passed by the house, eliminates three officers cn the governor~s Stafi, his executive assistant, legal counsel, and combiner assistant govetaniert secréiary and commissioner cf finance. ~Hastie said Le hopes the jsland will be <cble to improve its economy tc such an extent that the community can ~finance and therefor2 control aii public offices which the people wish to have under their ~control, Under the present ~system, ~ is enacts local lsws. The zivern> appoints al local $6fficials; such as poicemen, school teachers, public works and: welfare officers with approval lof the island legislature,: Queried by reporters as to his feeling about charges aired during Senate debate on his~ appointment that the house committee on un-American activities listed his as a\memier of three. organizations having: communists or communist sympath< izers connected with {them, ~Has. tie replied: a te ~I am happy that the éenate was satisfied that the charges had been disproved.* He had admitted to the senate His mem. bership~ in the Southern Conference for Human welfare, the National Lawyers~ guild, and former membership in ~the National ~Negro congress, all of which were listed by thé house committee as being ~sympathetic to certain. comrhunist prin-~ ciples.~ ait GERGIANS FURTHER CONDEMN KLAN i ATLANTA ~ ANP ~. For the second time in his major campaign speeches, gubernator. ial candidate, James V,- Carmichael, of Marietta, last vigorously attacked the Ku Klux Klaa. Pre-Salted Celery A Wisconsin truck farmer fs growing pre-salted eclory ics: A NOBLE COMPROMISE (By William Henry Huff for ANP) When the odds are all against you ~And there is no way to win ~It is time to compromise, Which one will if he is wise. When the load that Crushes all the pride within Calm yourself ers until one day He. was heard). ig upon you ad x and think and ponder How to do the wisest thing, ~ Then the ones who tried to crush you Will be weeping while you sing. } week * PAGE FOUR THE FLINT SPOKESMAN [, 1S ~_ e: ~~. a - - ~; Qlrceeenl ee Teste Be ne A ee te ee Oe ed ~ or ~ POLLOPDOL IDLO LE ODILODL OD IPOD AG OD. iach; ~~ ~~~~ THE FLINT SPOKESMAN __ Labor IRon es By Dean Gordon B. Hancock RLD NEWS *=.& ie; tween [he Lines For ANP ~ ~s PHONES 9-5990 4,2525 View PLOPL LLL DL DOOD OGLE DOPPL DPD IG L nee a ae a =: ) 8!.P.N.S. > ~ - By George F, McCrary for ICATIONISTS the death, Out of Miami; Until Negroes betome vote-| s0.0 ~ s Bri;: rs ~| Frank L. Gillespie oe Ina a erent Aa Managing Editor / s ANP Man cis wal & Baptist min- ne the Southern - Baptist conscious to the extent of util-: ~(World News Briefly Told) eo ight oe Thomas M. Terry.......-- 2 ssseeseecsseecseessesceeeecnees City Editor | as rerccoors - | ister who spent his life on what] convention, white, met more/ izing the ballot to get what he ~ pps, - Thomas Bolden Advertising and Business Manager ivteaty ECONOMIC EQUALITY cai be termed a ~Short grass~! than 8,000 mp hee ts mil sae pa Re eee os Sey ferry 7 rages <3 = pvr ~ = omas Bolden................:;; intet- | condenination of the Klan. In| trying ~ Te i Pte pees +S cists will be! Gladys Johnson... -..........-.... Community News and Views} FOR NEGRO WORKERS IN et ieeus, arte that | Atlanta, the hot bed of Ku Klux] fice seeking by Negroes a-} Mrs,~ Elizabeth ae i tion~ gins a x ane | ps \ Voncile Woods...... aceite toc onsnebynmnedebe uct. Feature Writer | SOUTH...... Reece <7" | 3s a subsistence proposition,| Klanism, the white ministry mounts to. a little more than Sehrenertasty, i gee _ oa euavenien es Ss Editor In some respects -competition When I see how much he did| have risen almost to a man to| political abortion. Negro banks. S tenth. ann Ne ny Eiigreedl ~ Wayne Thomas -.....-2-....---s-s-seesceseeecsetsetteen eee between the AFL and the CIO ~th his little and how little Ij meet the challenge which the| at first failed because they were 2 Baptist Church | the National sy age = Hee sagas Mii oes ald igeS is swith my much, my admir-| Klan~s revival has hurled at| built before Negro business was hoe cP nee ~ in, Reagh Mt ee ea i ful tc Negro as well a8 to white é. 4:; in thell built t6 Howrah ~thee Tt oe j after | June | CRE A, Subsciiption Rates Per Year..............,...-s:cs-sccscccsssseee $3.50 |._ ere ation for him and his kind| orderly legal brocesses in the) bu ith _ office-eécking: in ~she received in-| ~The program. asks for, equal ae reaches majestic proportions, | South and nation. Negroes inj|evea so wit. ee ae juries fr om| job and security rights; develop-:. Sabi ad > P roes, 4 ~; * é > cca Scoomacettacghtt Ee rene eae Te 2.00 | Both organizations will duck} wel] do I remember that ren ~rocks take kd Bead nt a aking: dite falling in the| ment of, working malty.peyeng!; < kts istr Bg;: - a aioke ee het | eee Wee Degrade ead ast their political strength. When | Negro vote-conscious: has yet to baptismal tank, | Negroes and whites, passage - Member Atlas Power Newspaper Syndicate a ee auras farce to foe} ene Smioeee wich We Oe Nee 1 d he seeks|be done, D Negroes want the According t 0.| anti-poll tax and lynching bills, a oe wed eee te tit Of thie fe a fre | omnes ~Mone Eisen~ He wis | ag opportubitiesr Where (Well bAllot'<oe edeiosbip~. aikh eOlie Mrs. Holmes, | passage of Wagner, Murray, a PastestaMetestectectectestectesteslectestostestentestosteetestontes! t. This sort of serie oe seriously. considering ss change ae ot ae l ea YT. tical salvation: or merely as; ~ the. cover had Dingell health bill, and.no disaorfortoeonlortesoefoatoctoetoetoateatontoeteetoatoe recto toetoeroatoelostec lee losleacoac eaten loeloel eal oe otros. oeseloelenl ees ee ee etsen see, quent happening in the north, much to the regret of his de- oes to his welfare are ore. 3 ébbie-anoutt tl _. left off the | crimi tion inst Negroes he \ ee eae ee es sched hi tn sevice nde Se kein resid rm pe iaiyiie: snaeotoul Negto W. B: a - BONDS tank - and. she the armed forces or in adminisYOUNG MEN, STEP FORWARD Not by any stretch of the | him into /ministerial service. and thereby turn nullification-: lift tionist!. Rumning| fell: in, fracturing her left arm | tration of GI Bill of Rights, By THOMAS M. TERRY, ~ imagination does this mean Ne-|The peoplé~ were heartbroken:| St. Will th Negro wait for pres- a a bas. onan idipne i a: 8 dc relebding Other injuries. A |: J ~8. in i: A te.:: h 1. | for votes ecede. +}and rece~ ber 1. ee 7 | arees. fave ~not. gained ~tre: | while fatter was making prep-|20~~ oe ee ~2 ee ning: tor -ofties: State Supreme. Court. awarded | CHRIST HELD a hlave lived in the City of Flint all of my-life. With al.| mendously from their union af- arations for the leavetaking. In: | dines = her:$10,000,. She is a. member MORALS HARC G ice: ther boys of Flint | went through all ofthe privations and/ filiation, As a rule union mem- | childish innocence I put this nn of First Baptist, and has been | Shakespeare was right when Seow riboe that cvistom had dictated for us here; Before ever} berships is far more beneficial | question to him, ~Father, how G a member for 30 years, he said there~s nothing in a. charge, involving a 12-year old, ~-* | feed store where he is ~employ- ~ landers elect a legislaturs wich
About this Item
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- Flint Spokesman [Volume: 1, Issue: 11]
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- Flint, MI
- June 1, 1946
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- Flint (Mich.) -- Newspapers
- Genesee County (Mich.) -- Newspapers
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"Flint Spokesman [Volume: 1, Issue: 11]." In the digital collection Black Community Newspapers of Flint. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/35183405.0001.011. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 4, 2025.