The development of Philippine politics

APPENDIX D
THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF THE
PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC (1)
PRESIDENCY OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
OF PHILIPPINES.
DON EMILIO AGUINALDO Y FAMY, President of the Revolutionary Government of Philippines and Captain-General and
Commander in Chief of the A-rmy.
Know all Philippine Citizens: That the assembly of representatives of the nation using its sovereignty, has decreed, and I have
sanctioned, the political constitution of the state.
Therefore I command all the military and civil authorities of
any class or rank to keep it and cause it to be kept, complied
with, and executed in all its parts, because it is the sovereign will
of the Philippine people.
Done at Malolos on the 21st day of January in the year eighteen
hundred and ninety-nine.
EMILIO AGUINALDO
The President of the Council:
APOLINARIO MABINI
We, the representatives of the Philippine people, lawfully invoked, in order to establish justice, provide for common defense,
promote general welfare, and insure the benefits of freedom, inploring the aid of the Sovereign Legislator of the Universe in order
to attain these purposes, have voted, decreed, and sanctioned the
following:
POLITICAL CONSTITUTION.
FIRST TITLE.-The Republic.
ARTICLE I. The political association of all the Filipinios constitutes a nation, the state of which is denominated Philippine
Republic.
ART. 2. The Philippine Republic is free and independent.
ART. 3. Sovereignty resides exclusively in the people.
SECOND TITLE.-The Government.
ART. 4. The government of the republic is popular, representative, alternative and responsible, and is exercised by three dis(1) This literal translation was originally printed as Exhibit IV, Volume I Repwrt
of the Philippine Commission to the President, January 31, 1900, Senate Document 188. Fifty-sixth Congress, first session.