A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

54 AETOLUS.
gion," p. 421, ed. Paris. Six books (namely,
from the eighth to the thirteenth, inclusive), were
published at Basel, 1533, fol., translated into Latin
by Janus Cornarius, with the title " Aetii Antiocheni Medici de cognoscendis et curandis Morbis
Sermones Sex jam primum in lucem editi," etc. In
1535, the remaining ten books were translated and
published at Basel, by J. B. Montanus, in two
volumes, so that the three volumes form together a
complete and uniform edition of the work. In
1534, 4to., a complete Latin translation was published at Venice by the Juntas. In 1542, Cornarius completed and published a translation of the
"whole work (Basil. fol.); which was reprinted at
Basel, 1549, 8vo.; Venice, 1543, 1544, 8vo.;
Lyons, 1549, fol.; and in H. Stephens's " Medicae Artis Principes," Paris. 1567, fol. Two
useful works on Aetius deserve to be mentioned;
one by C. Oroscius (Horozco), entitled " Annotationes in Interpretes Aetii," Basil. 1540, 4to.;
the other an academical dissertion by C. Weigel,
entitled " Aetianarum Exercitationum Specimen,"
Lips. 1791, 4to. (See Freind's Hist. of Phsic,
from whose work many of the preceding remarks
have been taken; Cagnati Variae Observat. iv.
18; Haller, Biblioth. Medic. Pract. vol. i. p. 200;
Sprengel, Hist. de la i Mdecine; Choulant, Handbuch der Bicherkunde fiur die Aeltere Medicin.)
[W. A. G.]
AE'TIUS, SICA'MIUS (wducl os 'AiE'os),
sometimes called A tits Sicanius or Siculus, the
author of a treatise IeIpl MEa'7XooAXids, De Melancholia, which is commonly printed among the
works of Galen. (Vol. xix. p. 699, &c.) His date
is uncertain, but, if he be not the same person as
Agtius of Amida, he must have lived after him, as
his treatise corresponds exactly with part of the
latter's great medical work (tetrab. ii. sernm. ii. 9
-11, p. 250, &c.): it is compiled from Galen,
Rufus, Posidonius, and Marcellus. [W. A. G.]
AETNA (Ai'trv?), a Sicilian nymph, and according to Alcimus (ap. Schol. Tlheocrit. i. 65), a daughter of Uranus and Gaea, or of Briareus. Simonides said that she had acted as arbitrator between
Hephaestus and Demeter respecting the possession
of Sicily. By Zeus or Hephaestus she became the
mother of the Palici. (Serv. ad Aen. ix. 584.)
Mount Aetna in Sicily was believed to have derived its name from her, and under it Zeus buried
Typhon, Enceladus, or Briareus. The mountain
itself was believed to be the place in which Hephaestus and the Cyclops made the thunderbolts
for Zeus. (Eurip. Cycl. 296; Propert. iii. 15. 21;
Cic. De Divinat. ii. 19.) [L. S.]
AETNAEUS (Al-rvaos), an epithet given to
several gods and mythical beings connected with
Mount Aetna, such as Zeus, of whom there was a
statue on mount Aetna, and to whom a festival
was celebrated there, called Aetnaea (Schol. ad
Pind. 01. vi. 162), Hephaestus, who had his workshop in the mountain, and a temple near it (Aelian.
Hist. An. xi. 3; Spanheim, ad Callim. hymn. in
Dian. 56), and the Cyclops. (Virg. Aen. viii. 440,
xi. 263, iii. 768; Ov. Ex Pont. ii. 2. 115.) [L. S.]
AETO'LE (AioTwA4), a surname of Artemis, by
which she was worshipped at Naupactus. In her
temple in that town there was a statue of white
marble representing her in the attitude of throwing
a javelin. (Paus. x. 38. ~ 6.) [L. S.]
AETO'LUS (Alr/\6s.). 3. A son of Endymion
and the nymph Neis, or Iphianassa. (Apollod. i. 7.

AFRANIA.
~ 6.) According to Pausanias (v. i. ~ 2), his mother was called Asterodia, Chromia, or Hyperippe.
He was married to Pronoi, by whom he had two
sons, Pleuron and Calydon. His brothers were
Paeon, Epeius, and others. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Ndaos;
Conon. Narrat. 14; Schol. ad Pind. 01. i. 28.) His
father compelled him and his two brothers Paeon
and Epeius to decide by a contest at Olympia as to
which of them was to succeed him in his kingdom of
Elis. Epeius gained the victory, and occupied the
throne after his father, and on his demise he was
succeeded by Aetolus. During the funeral games
which were celebrated in honour of Azan, he ran
with his chariot over Apis, the son of Jason or
Salmoneus, and killed him, whereupon he was expelled by the sons of Apis. (Apollod. 1. c.; Paus. v.
1. ~ 6; Strab. viii. p. 357.) After leaving Peloponnesus, he went to the country of the Curetes, between the Achelous and the Corinthian gulf, where
he slew Dorus, Laodocu&, and Polypoetes, the sons
of Helios and Phthia, and gave to the country the
name of Aetolia. (Apollod. Paus. 11. cc.) This
story is only a mythical account of the colonisation
of Aetolia. (Strab. x. p. 463.)
2. A son of Oxylus and Pieria, and brother of
Lalas. He died at a tender age, and his parents
were enjoined by an oracle to bury him neither
within nor without the town of Elis. They accordingly buried him under the gate at which the road
to Olympia commenced. The gymnasiarch of Elis
used to offer an annual sacrifice on his tomb as late
as the time of Pausanias. (v. 4. ~ 2.) [L. S.]
AFER, DOMI'TIUS, of Nemausus (Nismes)
in Gaul, was praetor A. D. 25, and gained the favour of Tiberius by accusing Claudia Pulchra, the
consobrina of Agrippina, in A. D. 26. (Tac. Ann.
iv. 52.) From this time he became one of the
most celebrated orators in Rome, but sacrificed his
character by conducting accusations for the government. In the following year,. A. D. 27, he is again
mentioned by Tacitus as the accuser of Varus
Quintilius, the son of Claudia Pulchra. (Ann. iv.
66.) In consequence of the accusation of Claudia
Pulchra, and of some offence which he had given
to Caligula, he was accused by the emperor in the
senate, but by concealing his own skill in speaking, and pretending to be overpowered by the
eloquence of Caligula, he not only escaped the
danger, but was made consul suffectus in A. D. 39.
(Dion Cass. lix. 19, 20.) In his old age Afer lost
much of his reputation by continuing to speak in
public, when his powers were exhausted. (Quintil.
xii. 11. ~ 3; Tac. Ann. iv. 52.) He died in the
reign of Nero, A. D. 60 (Tac. Ann. xiv. 19), in
consequence of a surfeit, according to Hieronymus
in the Chronicon of Eusebius.
Quintilian, when a young man, heard Domitius
Afer (comp. Plin. Ep. ii. 14), and frequently speaks
of him as the most distinguished orator of his age.
He says that Domitius Afer and Julius Africanus
were the best orators he had heard, and that he
prefers the former to the latter. (x. 1. ~ t118.)
Quintilian refers to a work of his "On Testimony"
(v. 7. ~ 7), to one entitled "Dicta" (vi. 3. ~ 42),
and to some of his orations, of which those on behalf of Domitilla, or Cloantilla, and Volusenus
Catulus seem to have been the most celebrated.
(viii. 5. ~ 16, ix. 2. ~ 20, 3. ~ 66, 4. ~ 31, x. 1.
~ 24, &c.) Respecting the will of Domitius Afer,
see Plin. Ep. viii. 18.
AFRA'NIA, CAIA or GAIA, the wife of the