A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

628 CASTOR.
CASTINUS, a general of the emperor Honorius, who was sent, in A. D. 422, with an army
into Spain against the Vandals. At the same
time Bonifacius, another general of Honorius, was
likewise engaged against the Vandals in Spain,
but Castinus offended him so much by his arrogant and imprudent conduct, that he withdrew
from the war. After the death of Honorius, in
A. D. 423, Castinus was believed to be supporting
secretly the usurper Joannes; and accordingly
when the usurper was put to death in A. D. 425,
Castinus was sent into exile. (Prosp. Aquit.
Chron. Integr. p. 651, ed. Roncall.) [L. S.]
CASTOR, brother of Polydeuces. [DIosCURI.]
CASTOR, grandson of Deiotarus. [DEIOTARUS.]
CASTOR (KdcaTo p), either a native of Rhodes,
of Massilia, or of Galatia, was a Greek grammarian
and rhetorician, who was surnamed iAOopu/Laios,
and is usually believed to have lived about the
time of Cicero and Julius Caesar. He wrote, according to Suidas (if we adopt the readings of
Bernhardy, the last editor): 1. 'Aa'ypae) 'rcwv
S9aha oKcpar'o'dvTwv, in two books. 2. XpovKcal
dyvoYjogjaTa, which is also referred to by Apollodorus
(ii. 1. ~ 3). 3. TIepl 'rLXEIPrfLdT-v, in nine books.
4. nlept reLOoDs, in two books. 5. IlepI 7TO Ne/Aov.
6. TE'Xvy pr7TopuKl, of which a portion is still extant and printed in Walz's Rhetores Graeci (iii. p.
712, &c.). To these works Clinton (Fast. Hell.
iii. p. 546) adds a great chronological work (Xpov oed or Xpovoxoyia), which is referred to several
times by Eusebius (Chron. ad Ann. 989, 161, 562,
&c.), though it is not quite certain whether this is
not the same work as the XpoVLKa dys'/o a j7ra mentioned above. He is frequently referred to as an
authority in historical matters, though no historical
work is specified, so that those references may allude to any of the above-mentioned works. (Euseb.
Praep. Evang. x. 3, Chron. i. 13, p. 36; Justin
Mart. Paraen. ad Graec. p. 9.) His partiality to
the Romans is indicated by his surname; but in
what manner he shewed this partiality is unknown,
though it may have been in a work mentioned by
Plutarch (Quaest. Rom. 10, 76, comp. De Is. et Os.
31), in which he compared the institutions of the
Romans with those of Pythagoras. Suidas describes the grammarian and rhetorician Castor as a
son-in-law of the Galatian king Deiotarus (whom,
however, he calls a Roman senator!), who notwithstanding afterwards put to death both Castor
and his wife, because Castor had brought charges
against him before Caesar,-evidently alluding to
the affair in which Cicero defended Deiotarus. The
Castor whom Suidas thus makes a relative of Deiotarus, appears to be the same as the Castor mentioned by Strabo (xii. p. 568; comp. Caes. B. C.
iii. 4) who was surnamed Saocondarius, was a sonin-law of Deiotarus, and was put to death by him.
But it is, to say the least, extremely doubtful whether the rhetorician had any connexion with the
family of Deiotarus at all. The Castor who brought
Deiotarus into peril is expressly called a grandson
of that king, and was yet a young man at the time
(B. c. 44) when Cicero spoke for Deiotarus. (Cic.
pro Deiot. 1, 10.) Now we have seen above that
one of the works of Castor is referred to in the
Bibliotheca of Apollodorus, who died somewhere
about B. c. 140. The conclusion, therefore, must
be, that the rhetorician Castor must have lived at
or before the time of Apollodorus, at the latest,

CASTORION.
about B. c. 150, and can have had no connexion
with the Deiotarus for whom Cicero spoke. (Compare Vossius, De Hist. Graec. p. 202, ed. Westermann; Orelli, Onomast. Tull. ii. p. 138, in both of
which there is much confusion about Castor.) [L.S.]
CASTOR (Kdo-Trp), a distinguished citizen of
Phanagoria, who had once been ill treated by
Tryphon, a eunuch of Mithridates the Great.
When the king, after his defeat by Pompey,
came to Phanagoria, Castor avenged himself by
murdering Tryphon. Pompey afterwards honoured him with the title of friend of the Roman people. (Appian, Mithrid. 108, 114.) [L. S.]
CASTOR, the chamberlain and confidential
adviser of Septimius Severus. Being the most
upright of all the courtiers, he became an object of
suspicion and hatred to Caracalla, who upon ascending the throne immediately put him to death,
having failed in an attempt, during the lifetime of
Severus, to destroy him by treachery. (Dion
Cass. lxxvi. 14, lxxvii. 1.) [W. R.]
CASTOR, bishop of Apt, was born at
Nismes about the middle of the fourth century,
and married an heiress, by whom he had a daughter. The family being fired with holy zeal, agreed
to separate, in order that they might devote their
wealth to the endowment of religious establishments, and their lives to seclusion and sanctity.
Accordingly, they founded an abbey and a convent
in Provence; the husband retired to the former,
the wife and her daughter took the veil in the latter. There is still extant a letter addressed by
Castor to Cassianus [CASSIANUS], soliciting information with regard to the rules observed in the
monasteries of Palestine and Egypt. This request
was speedily complied with, and produced the
work "Institutiones Coenobiorum," dedicated to
Castor, which was followed by the "Collationes
Patrum," addressed to his brother, Leontius. The
death of Castor took place in September, 419. We
are told by Vincent St. Laurent, in the "Biographie
Universelle," that at a recent period the archives
of the cathedral of Apt contained a MS. life of its
canonized prelate, in which were enumerated with
circumstantial details all the miracles ascribed to
him.
The letter above-mentioned, which is composed
in a very rude and harsh style, was first discovered
by Gazet, was prefixed to the " Institutiones" in
his edition of Cassianus, and republished in a more
correct form, from a MS. in the Royal Library at
Paris, by Baluze in his edition of Salvianus and
Vincentius Lirinensis, Paris, 1663, 8vo., and in
the reprint at Bremen, 1688, 4to.; it is also found
in the edition of Vincentius, Paris, 1669. (Schoenemann, Bibl. Patrum Latin. v. 27.) [W. R.]
CASTOR, ANTO'NIUS, an eminent botanist
at Rome in the first century after Christ, who is
several times quoted and mentioned by Pliny. He
enjoyed a great reputation, possessed a botanical
garden of his own (which is probably the earliest
on record), and lived more than a hundred years,
in perfect health both of body and mind. (Plin.
H. N. xxv. 5.) [W. A. G.]
CASTOR, TARCONDA'RIUS,of Galatia, with
Dorylaus, gave 300 horsemen to Pompey's army in
B. c. 49. (Caes. B. C. iii. 4.)
CASTO'RION (Kaoropiwv), of Soli, is mentioned by Athenaeus (x. p. 454) as the author of
a poem on Pan, of which he quotes a fragment:
but nothing further is known about him. [L. S.]