A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

412 ATTIANUS.
ting in front on a chair ornamented on each side
with lions' heads; in the right hand she holds a
globe, on which a small Victory is standing and
holding in her right hand a crown and in her left a
branch of palm; the left rests upon a spear with
a long iron head, and inverted. [A. P. S.]
7 -A'TTALUS, literary. 1. A Stoic philosopher
in the reign of Tiberius, who was defrauded of his
property by Sejanus, and reduced to cultivate the
ground. (Senec. Suas. 2. p. 17, ed. Bip.) He taught
the philosopher Seneca (Ep. 108), who frequently
quotes him, and speaks of him in the highest terms.
(Comp. Nat. Quaest. ii. 50, Ep. 9, 63, 67, 72, 81,
109.) The elder Seneca describes him (Suas. I.c.)
as a man of great eloquence, and by far the acutest
philosopher of his age. We have mention of a
work of his on lightning (Nat. Quaest. ii. 48); and
it is supposed that he may be the author of the
IlapoiqiaL referred to by Hesychius (s. v. Kopivvoveir)
as written by one Attalus.
2. A Sophist in the second century of the Christian era, the son of Polemon, and grandfather of
the Sophist Hermocrates. (Philostr. Vit. Soph.
ii. 25. ~ 2.) His name occurs on the coins of
Smyrna, which are figured in Olearius's edition
of Philostratus (p. 609). They contain the inscription ATTAAO2 20 I2. TAIS [IATPIZI
2MTP. AAOK., which is interpreted, " Attalus, the
Sophist, to his native cities Smyrna and Laodicea."
The latter is conjectured to have been the place of
his birth, the former to have adopted him as a
citizen.
A'TTALUS ("ATraAos), a physician at Rome
in the second century after Christ, who was a
pupil of Soranus, and belonged to the sect of the
Methodici. -He is mentioned by Galen (de Meth.
Med. xiii. 15. vol. x.. p. 910, &c.) as having mistaken the disease of which the Stoic philosopher
Theagenes died. [W. A. G.]
A'TTALUS ("ArraXos), an Athenian statuary,
the son of Andragathus. Pausanias (ii. 19. ~ 3)
mentions a statue of Apollo Lykeios, in the temple
of that god at Argos, which was made by him.
His name has been found on a statue discovered on
the site of the theatre at Argos (Bdckh, Corp. Ins.
No. 1146), and on a bust. (Welcker, Kuinslbatt,
1827, No. 82.) [C. P. M.]
ATTHIS or ATTIS ("ATCLs or"A'rms), a daughter of Cranaus, from whom Attica, which was before called Actaea, was believed to have derived its
name. (Paus. i. 2. ~ 5.) The two birds into which
Philomele and her sister Procne were metamorphosed, were likewise called Attis. (Martial, i. 54.
9, v. 67. 2.) [L. S.]
ATTIA'NUS, CAE'LIUS, a Roman knight,
was the tutor, and afterwards the intimate friend,
of Hadrian. On the death of Trajan, Attianus, in
conjunction with Plotina, caused Hadrian to be
proclaimed emperor; and the latter after his accession enrolled Attianus in the senate, made him
praefectus praetorio, and conferred upon him the
insignia of the consulship. He subsequently fell,,

ATTICUS.
however, under the displeasure of the emperor.
(Spart. IIadr. 1, 4, 8, 15; Dion Cass. Ixix. 1.)
ATTICA. [ATTICds, T. POMPONIUS.]
A'TTICUS, ANTO"NIUS, a Roman rhetorician of the age of Seneca and Quintilian. (Senec.
Suas. 2. p. 19, ed. Bip.) [L. S.]
A'TTICUS, bishop of CONSTANTINOPLE, was
born at Sebaste, now Sivas, in Armenia Minor.
He was educated in the ascetic discipline of the
Macedonian monks, under the eye of Eustathius, a
celebrated bishop of that sect. However, when
Atticus reached the age of manhood, he conformed
to the orthodox church. He was ordained a presbyter at Constantinople; and in the violent contentions between the friends and the enemies of
the famous Chrysostom, he sided with the latter.
After the death of Arsacius, who had been elevated
to the see of Constantinople on occasion of the second banishment of Chrysostom, Atticus succeeded
to the office, although the illustrious exile was still
living. The ecclesiastical historians, Socrates and
Sozomen, describe Atticus as a man of great natural prudence, and both of them testify that he
administered the affairs of the church with wisdom
and success. His learning seems to have been
respectable; his preaching, we are told, was not
attractive. His general manner was extremely
winning, and he was particularly distinguished for
his liberality to the poor. On hearing that distress
amounting almost to famine prevailed at Nicaea, he
sent a large sum of money for the relief of the suffering population, accompanied by a letter to Calliopius, the bishop of the place, which is extant in
the Ecclesiastical History of Socrates. In his
treatment of heretics, he is said to have exhibited
a judicious combination of kindness and severity.
He spoke charitably of the Novatians, and commended their inflexible adherence to the true faith
under the persecutions of Constantius and Valens,
though he condemned their terms of communion as
being in the extreme of rigour. It is recorded,
however, by Marius Mercator that when Coelestius,
the well-known disciple of Pelagius, visited Constantinople, Atticus expelled him from the city,
and sent letters to the bishops of various sees,
warning them against him. He was himself laid
under sentence of excommunication by the western
bishops for refusing to insert the name of the deceased Chrysostom in the diptctycs or church registers. In the end, Atticus complied with the demand, and was again received into the communion
of the western churches. He is said by Socrates to
have foretold his own death: the prophecy, however, amounted to no more than this-that he told
his friend Calliopius that he should not survive the
ensuing autumn; and the event corresponded with
his prognostication. He died in the twenty-first
year of his episcopate. Gennadius informs us that
he wrote, in opposition to the Nestorian doctrine,
an excellent treatise de Fide et Virginitate, which
he dedicated ad Regisnas, that is, to the daughters
of the eastern emperor, Arcadius. This work has
perished; and nothing from the pen of Atticus has
survived, except the following short pieces: 1. A
letter to Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, exhorting
him to follow his own example, and insert the
name of Chrysostom in the sacred tables. This is
preserved in the Church History of Nicephorus
Callisti. 2. The above-mentioned letter to Calliopius. 3. A few inconsiderable fragments extant
in the writings of Marius Mercator and Theodoret,