A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ARCIIPPUS.
lean Society Fabric. Bill. Grace. vol. ii. p. 544;
Pope-Blount, Censura celebriorum Aultioruzm, Lond.
1690, fol.) [W. F. D.]
ARCHIIME'DES, of Tralles, wrote commentaries upon Homer and Plato, and also a work upon
mechanics. (Suidas, s. v.; Eudocia, p. 74.)
ARCHIME'LUS ('ApX'L^ Xor), the author of
an epigram on the great ship of Hiero, which appears to have been built about '220 B. c. (Athen.
v. p. 209.) To this epigram Brunck (Analect. ii.
p. 64) added another, on an imitator of Euripides,
the title of which, however, in the Vatican MS. is
ApXvP'tSovs, which there is no good reason for
altering, although we have no other mention of a
poet named Archimedes. [P. S.]
ARCHI'NUS ('ApX^vos). 1. An Athenian
statesman and orator. He was a native of Coele,
and one of the leading Athenian patriots, who together with Thrasybulus and Anytus occupied
Phyle, led the Athenian exiles back, and overthrew the government of the Thirty tyrants, B. c.
403. (Demosth. c. Timocrat. p. 742.) It was on
the advice of Archinus that Thrasybulus proclaimed the general amnesty (Aeschin. de Fals. Leg.
p. 338); Archinus, moreover, carried a law which
afforded protection to those included in the amnesty
against sycophantism. (Isocrat. in Callim. p. 618.)
Although the name of Archinus is obscured in
history by that of Thrasybulus, yet we have every
reason for believing that he was a better and a
greater man. Demosthenes says, that he was often
at the head of armies, and that he was particularly
great as a statesman. When Thrasybulus proposed,
contrary to law, that one of his friends should be
rewarded with a crown, Archinus opposed the
illegal proceeding, and came forward as accuser of
Thrasybulus. (Aeschin. c. Ctesipti. p. 584.) He
acted in a similar manner when Thrasybulus endeavoured in an illegal way to procure honours for
Lysias. (Plut. Vit. X. Orat. p. 835, f.; Phot. Cod.
260.) There are several other passages of ancient
writers which attest that Archinus was a skilful
nid upright statesman. He is also of importance
n the literary history of Attica, for it was on his
idvice that, in the archonship of Eucleides, B. c.
F0O3, the Ionic alphabet ('luvici 'ypfipeara) was
ntroduced into all public documents. (Suid. s. v.
EiaLw a' 6ý )uos.) Some ancient as well as modern
vriters have believed that Archinus wrote a
tineral oration, of which a fragment was thought
o be preserved in Clemens of Alexandria. (Strom.
i. p. 749.) But this is a mistake which arose
Aith Dionysius of Halicarnassus (De adm. vi
'icend. in Demostis. p. 178) from a misunderstood
assage of Plato. (Menex. p. 403.) See Valesius,
d Harpocrat. p. 101, &c.; Ruhnken, Hist. Orat.
lracc. p. xlii.; Taylor, Lysiae Vita, p. 141, &c.)
2. A Greek historian of uncertain date, who
'rote a work on the history of Thessaly which is
3w lost. (Schol. ad Pind. PytIh. iii. 59; Steph.
yz. s. s. v. ACvov.) [L. S.]
ARCHIPPUS "ApX7r7ros), an Achaean, who.companied Andronidas to Diaeus, the commander
the Achaeans, to offer peace from the Romans,
c. 146. HIe was seized by Diaeus, but released
)on the payment of forty miniae. (Polyb. xl. 5,
nmp. c. 4, init.) There was another Archippus,
i Achacan, who expelled the garrison of Nabis
)m Argos, B. c. 194. (Liv. xxxiv. 40.)
ARCHIIPPUS ("ApXrnos), an Athenian comic
et of the old comedy, gained a single prize B. c.

ARCIIYTAS. 273
415. (Suidas, s. v.) Ilis chief play was 'IXO^s,
" the Fishes," in which, as far as can be gathered
from the fragments, the fish made war upon the
Athenians, as excessive eaters of fish, and at length
a treaty was concluded, by which Melanthius, the
tragic poet, and other voracious fish-eaters, were
given up to be devoured by the fishes. The wit of
the piece appears to have consisted chiefly in playing upon words, which Archippus was noted for
carrying to great excess. (Schol. in Aristoph. Vesp.
481, Bekker.) The other plays of Archippus,
mentioned by the grammarians, are 'Auprirpshwv,
'HparcAjs *yapucv, "O'vov oICi, HIAooros, and 'Pivev.
Four of the lost plays which are assigned to Aristophanes, were by some ascribed to Archippus,
namely, HoitjosS, Navay0`s, Nijote, Nioris or Nitoos.
(Meineke, i. 207-210.) Two Pythagorean philosophers of this name are mentioned in the list of
Fabricius. (Bibl. Grae,. i. p. 831.) [P. S.]
ARCHI'TELES ('ApXnrefXrs). 1. Father of
the boy Eunomus, whom Heracles killed by accident on his visit to Architeles. The father forgave
Heracles, but Heracles nevertheless went into voluntary exile. (Apollod. ii. 7. ~ 6; Diod. iv. 36,
who calls the boy Eurynomus; Athen. ix. p. 410,
&c.)
2. A son of Achaeus and Automate, and brother
of Archander, together with whom he carried on a
war against Lamedon. (Paus. ii. 6. ~ 2.) He married Automate, the daughter of Danaus. (vii. 1.
~ 3.) [L. S.]
ARCHITI'MUS ('Apxinos), the autlhor of a
work on Arcadia. (Plut. Quaest. Graec. c. 39.)
ARCHO, the daughter of Herodicus, a Thessalian chief, whose children met with the tragical
death mentioned by Livy. (xl. 4.) [THEOXENA.r
ARCHON ("ApXwv). 1. The Pellaean, appointed satrap of IBabylonia after the death of
Alexander, B.C. 32. 3 (Justin, xiii. 4; Diod. xviii. 3),
is probably the same as the son of Cleinias mentioned in the Indian expedition of Alexander.
(Arrian, Ind. c. 18.)
2. Of Aegeira, one of those who defended the
conduct of the Achaean league with reference to
Sparta before Caecilius Metellus, B. c. 185. IHe
was one of the Achaean ambassadors sent to Egypt
in B. c. 168 (Polyb. xxiii. 10, xxix. 10), and is
perhaps the same as the Archo, the brother of
Xenarchus, mentioned by Livy. (xli. 29.)
ARCHY'TAS ('ApXsiras), of AMPHIssA, a
Greek poet, who was probably a contemporary of
Euphorion, about B. c. 300, since it was a matter
of doubt with the ancients themselves whether the
epic poem PI'pavos was the work of Archytas or
Euphorion. (Athen. iii. p. 82.) Plutarch (Quaest.
Gr. 15) quotes from him an hexameter verse concerning the country of the Ozolian Locrians. Two
other lines, which he is said to have inserted in
the -Hermes of Eratosthenes, are preserved in
Stobaeus. (Serm. Iviii. 10.) He seems to have
been the same person whom Labrtius (viii. 82) calls
an epigrammatist, and upon whom Bion wrote an
epigram which lie quotes. (iv. 52.) [L. S.]
ARCHY'TAS ('AgoXras), of MYTILENE, a
musician, who may perhaps have been the author
of the work [lepi AiA\v, which is ascribed to
Archytas of Tarentum. (Diog. Laert. viii. 82;
Athen. xiii. p. 600, f., iv. p. 184, e.)
ARCHY'TAS ('Apyvr'as), a Greek of TAREN-,
TUM, who was distinguished as a philosopher,
Imathematician, general, and statesman, and was
r