A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

266 ARCHIAS.
Athenians, and who had fled from Athens. He
seized Hyperides and others in the sanctuary of
Aeacus in Aegina, and transported them to Cleonae in Argolis, where they were executed. He
also apprehended Demosthenes in the temple of
Poseidon in Calaureia. Archias, who was nicknamed pv-yaSoOsfpas, the hunter of the exiles,
ended his life in great poverty and disgrace. (Plut.
Dem. 28, 29, Vit. X. Orat. p. 849; Arrian, ap.
Phot. p. 69, b. 41, ed. Bekker.)
3. The governor of Cyprus under Ptolemy, received a bribe in order to betray the island to
Demetrius, B. c. 155, but being detected he hanged
himself. (Polyb. xxxiii. 3.)
4. An Alexandrine grammarian, probably lived
about the time of Augustus, as he was the teacher
of Epaphroditus. (Suidas, s. v. 'E7ra)p6o'rTOs;
Villoison, Proleg. ad Apoll, Lex. iHonm. p. xx.)
A'RCHIAS, A. LICI'NIUS, a Greek poet,
born at Antioch in Syria, about B. c. 120. His
name is known chiefly from the speech of Cicero *
in his defence, which is the only source of information about him, and must therefore be very questionable evidence of his talent, considering that the
verses of Archias had been employed in celebrating
the part which that orator played in the conspiracy
of Catiline. He was on intimate terms withs many
of the first families in Rome, particularly with the
Licinii, whose name he adopted. His reception
during a journey through Asia Minor and Greece
(pro Arch. c. 3), and afterwards in Grecian Italy,
where Tarentum, Rhegium, Naples, and Locri enrolled him on their registers, shews that his reputation was, at least at that time, considerable. In
B. c. 1 02 he came to Rome, still young (though not
so young as the expression "praetextatus" (c. 3)
literally explained would lead us to suppose; comp.
Clinton, F. H. iii. p. 542), and was received in the
most friendly way by Lucullus (ad Att. i. 16. 9),
Marius, then consul, Hortensius the father, Metellus Pius, Q. Catulus, and Cicero. After a short
stay, he accompanied Lucullus to Sicily, and followed him, in the banishment to which he was
sentenced for his management of the slave war in
that island, to Heraclea in Lucania, in which town,
as being a confederate town and having more privileges than Tarentum, he was enrolled as a citizen.
lHe was in the suite of L. Lucullus,-in Asia under
Sulla, again in B. c. 76 in Africa, and again in the
third Mithridatic war. As he had sung the Cimbric war in honour of Marius, so now he wrote a
poem on this war, which he had witnessed (c. 9),
in honour of Lucullus. We do not hear whether
he finished his poem in honour of Cicero's consulship (c. 11); in B. c. 61, when he was already old,
he had not begun it (ad Att. i. 16); or whether
he ever published his intended Caeciliana, in honour of Metellus Pius. He wrote many epigrams:
it is still disputed, whether any of those preserved
under his name in the Anthologia were really his
writings. (Comp. Ilgen, Opuscula, ii. p. 46; Clinton, iii. p. 452, note k.) These are all of little
merit. In B.c. 61, a charge was brought against
him, probably at the instigation of a party opposed
to his patrons, of assuming the citizenship illegally, and the trial came on before Q. Cicero, who

ARCHIDAMUS.
was praetor this year. (Schol. Bob. p. 354, ed.
Orelli.) Cicero pleaded his cause in the speech by
which the name of Archias has been preserved.
" If he had no legal right, yet the man who stood
so high as an author, whose talent had been employed in celebrating Lucullus, Marius, and himself, might well deserve to be a Roman citizen.
The register certainly, of Heraclea, in which his
name was enrolled, had been destroyed by fire in
the Marsian war; but their ambassadors and L.
Lucullus bore witness that he was enrolled there.
He had settled in Rome many years before he became citizen, had given the usual notice before
Q. Metellus Pius, and if his property had never
been enrolled in the censor's register, it was because of his absence with Lucullus-and that was
after all no proof of citizenship. He had made
wills, had been an heir (comp. Diet. of Ant. s. v.
Testasmentum., Heres), and his name was on the
civil list. But, after all, his chief claim was his
talent, and the cause to which he had applied it."
If we may believe Cicero (c. 8) and Quintilian
(x. 7. ~ 19), Archias had the gift of making good
extempore verses in great numbers, and was remarkable for the richness of his language and his
varied range of thought. [C. T. A.]
ARCHI'BIUS ('ApXidtos). 1. An Alexandrine
grammarian, the son or father of the grammarian
Apollonius [APOLLONIUs, No. 5, p. 238], wrote an
interpretation of the Epigrams of Callimachus.
(Suidas, s. v.)
2. Of Leucas or Alexandria, a grammarian, who
taught at Rome in the time of Trajan. (Suid. s. v.)
ARCHI'BIUS ('ApXiitos), a Greek surgeon, of
whom no particulars are known, but who must
have lived in or before the first century after
Christ, as he is quoted by Heliodorus (in Cocchi's
Graecor. Chlirurg. Libri, c., Flor. 1754, fol. p. 96)
and Galen. (De Antid. ii. 10, vol. xiv. p. 159; De
Cohsmpos. Medicame. sec. Gen. v. 14, vol. xiii. p. 849.)
Pliny mentions (H. N. xviii. 70) a person of the
same name who wrote a foolish and superstitious
letter to Antiochus, king of Syria; but it is uncertain which king is meant, nor is it known that
this Archibius was a physician. [W. A. G.]
ARCHIDAMEIA ('AppXac4era). 1. The
priestess of Demeter, who, through love of Aristomenes, set him at liberty when he had been taken
prisoner. (Paus. iv. 17. ~ 1.)
2. The grandmother of Agis IV., was put to
death, together with her grandson, in n. c. 240.
(Plut. Agis, 4, 20.)
3. A Spartan woman, who distinguished herself
by her heroic spirit when Sparta was nearly taken
by Pyrrhus in n. c. 272, and opposed the plan
which had been entertained of sending the women
to Crete. Plutarch (Pyrrh. 27) calls her 'ApysMaetla, but Polyaenus (viii. 49) 'ApXiajpts. The
latter writer calls her the daughter of king Cleadas
(Cleomenes?).
ARCHIDA'MUS I. ('Apyiaapos), king of
Sparta, 12th of the Eurypontids, son of Anaxidamus, contemporary with the Tegeatan war, which
followed soon after the end of the second Messenian, in n. c. 668. (Paus. iii. 7. ~ 6, comp. 3.
~ 5.) [A. H. C.]
ARCHIDA'MUS II., king of Sparta, 17th oi
the Eurypontids, son of Zeuxidamus, succeeded tc
the throne on the banishment of his grandfathes
Leotychides, B. c. 469. In the 4th or perhap'
rather the 5th year of his reign, his kingdom wes

* Schroeter has attacked the genuineness of this
oration (Oratio quae mulgo fertsur pro A rc/hia, &c.,
Lips. 1818), which is however as fully established
as that of any other of Cicero's speeches.