A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

260 ARCHEDEMUS.
work the mosaics in the Mus. Borb. vii. 61, and
the Mus. Capit. iv. 19, are supposed to be copies.
There were some statues by him of centaurs carrying nymphs, in the collection of Asinius Pollio.
He received a talent from Octavius, a Roman
knight, for the model of a bowl (crater), and was
engaged by Lucullus to make a statue of Felicitas
for 60 sestertia; but the deaths both of the artist
and of his patron prevented the completion of the
work. (Plin. xxxv. 45, xxxvi. 4. ~~ 10, 13: the
reading Archesitae, in ~ 10, ought, almost undoubtedly, to be Areesilae or Arcesilai.) [P. S.]
ARCHAEANA'CTIDAE ('ApXaiYaacKrc8a),
the name of a race of kings who reigned in the
Cimmerian Bosporus forty-two years, B. c. 480 -438. (Diod. xii. 31, with Wesseling's note.)
ARCHA'GATHUS ('ApX&ya6os). 1. The son
of Agathocles, accompanied his father in his expedition into Africa, B. c. 310. While there he
narrowly escaped being put to death in a tumult
of the soldiers, occasioned by his having murdered
Lyciscus, who reproached him with committing
incest with his step-mother Alcia. When Agathocles was summoned from Africa by the state of
affairs in Sicily, he left Archagathus behind in
command of the army. He met at first with some
success, but was afterwards defeated three times,
and obliged to take refuge in Tunis. Agathocles
returned to his assistance; but a mutiny of the
soldiers soon compelled him to leave Africa again,
and Archagathus and his brother were put to death
by the troops in revenge, B. c. 307. (Diod. xx. 33,
57-61; Justin. xxii. 8.)
2. The son of the preceding, described as a
youth of great bravery and daring, murdered Agathocles, the son of Agathocles, that he might succeed his grandfather. He was himself killed by
Maenon. (Diod. xxi. Eecl. 12.)
ARCHA'GATHUS ('ApXdyaOos), a Peloponnesian, the son of Lysanias, who settled at Rome
as a practitioner of medicine, B. c. 219, and, according to Cassius Hemina (as quoted by Pliny,
H. N. xxix. 6), was the first person who made
it a distinct profession in that city. He was
received in the first instance with great respect,
the " Jus Quiritium" was given him, and a
shop was bought for him at the public expense;
but his practice was observed to be so severe,
that he soon excited the dislike of the people at
large, and produced a complete disgust to the
profession generally. The practice of Archagathus
seems to have been almost exclusively surgical,
and to have consisted, in a great measure, in the
use of the knife and powerful caustic applications.
(Bostock, Hist. of Med.) [W. A. G.]
ARCHEBU'LUS ('ApXO@ovXos), of Thebes, a
lyric poet, who appears to have lived about the
year B. c. 280, as Euphorion is said to have been
instructed by him in poetry. (Suid. s. v. EdVpopiwv.)
A particular kind of verse which was frequently
used by other lyric poets, was called after him.
(Hephaest. Enchlir. p. 27.) Not a fragment of his
poetry is now extant. [L. S.]
ARCHEDE'MUS or ARCHEDA'MUS ('Ap-qu^os or 'ApXeSaios). 1. A popular leader at
Athens, took the first step against the generals who
had gained the battle of Arginusae, B. c. 406, by
imposing a fine on Erasinides, and calling him to
account in a court of justice for some public money
which he had received in the Hellespont. (Xen.
Hell. vii. 1. ~ 2.) This seems to be the same

ARCHEGETES.
Archedemus of whom Xenophon speaks in the
Memorabilia (ii. 9), as originally poor, but of considerable talents both for speaking and public
business, and who was employed by Criton to protect him and his friends from the attacks of
sycophants. It appears that Archedemus was a
foreigner, and obtained the franchise by fraud, for
which he was attacked by Aristophanes (Ran.
419) and by Eupolis in the Baptae. (Schol. ad
Aristoph. 1. c.) Both Aristophanes (Ran. 588)
and Lysias (c. Alcib. p. 536, ed. Reiske) call him
blear-eyed (yXapAwv).
2. '0 fljAmg, mentioned by Aeschines (c. Cles.
p. 531, ed. Reiske), should be distinguished from
the preceding.
3. An Aetolian (called Archidamus by Livy),
who commanded the Aetolian troops which assisted the Romans in their war with Philip. In B. c.
199 he compelled Philip to raise the siege of
Thaumaci (Liv. xxxii. 4), and took an active part
in the battle of Cynoscephalae, B. c. 197, in which
Philip was defeated. (Polyb. xviii. 4.) When the
war broke out between the Romans and the
Aetolians, he was sent as ambassador to the
Achaeans to solicit their assistance, B. c. 192 (Liv.
xxxv. 48); and on the defeat of Antiochus the
Great in the following year, he went as ambassador
to the consul M'. Acilius Glabrio to sue for peace.
(Polyb. xx. 9.) In B. c. 169 he was denounced to
the Romans by Lyciscus as one of their enemies.
(Polyb. xxviii. 4.) He joined Perseus the same
year, and accompanied the Macedonian king in his
flight after his defeat in 168. (Liv. xliii. 23, 24,
xliv. 43.)
4. Of Tarsus, a Stoic philosopher (Strab. xiv.
p. 674; Diog. Laert. vii. 40, 68, 84, 88), two of
whose works, nepl 4wvris and.IEpl -or0TxieW,
are mentioned by Diogenes Laertius. (vii. 55,
134.) He is probably the same person as the
Archedemus, whom Plutarch (de Exsilio, p. 605)
calls an Athenian, and who, he states, went into the
country of the Parthians and left behind him the
Stoic succession at Babylon. Archedemus is also
mentioned by Cicero (Acad. Qnaest. ii. 47), Seneca
(Epist. 121), and other ancient writers.
ARCHE'DICE ('APXE6bic3), daughter ofHippias
the Peisistratid, and given in marriage by him after
the death of Hipparchus to Aeantides, son of Hippoclus, the tyrant of Lampsacus. She is famous
for the epitaph given in Thucydides, and ascribed
by Aristotle to Simonides, which told that, with
father, husband, and sons in sovereign power, still
she retained her meekness. (Thuc. vi. 59; Arist.
Rlet. i. 9.) [A. H. C.]
ARCHE'DICUS ('ApXfhicos), an Athenian
comic poet of the new comedy, who wrote, at the
instigation of Timaeus, against Demochares, the
nephew of Demosthenes, and supported Antipater
and the Macedonian party. The titles of two of
his plays are preserved, Amaogaprdrvwv and oqaavpo's.
He flourished about 302 B. c. (Suidas, s. v.; Athen.
vi. p. 252, f., vii. pp. 292, e., 294, a. b., x. p. 467,
e., xiii. p. 610, f.; Polyb. xii. 13.) [P. S.]
ARCHE'GETES ('ApXyEmrus). 1. A surname
of Apollo, under which he was worshipped in several places, as at Naxos in Sicily (Thuc. vi. 3
Pind. Pyth. v. 80), and at Megara. (Paus. i. 42,
~ 5.) The name has reference either to Apollo as
the leader and protector of colonies, or as th(
founder of towns in general, in which case the impor
of the name is nearly the same as bheds i arp 5os.