A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

2,;' APOLLODORUS.
Thence he drew his line of imitation, and personified the central form of the class to which his
object belonged, and to which the rest of its qualities administered, without being absorbed: agility
was not suffered to destroy firmness, solidity, or
weight; nor strength and weight agility; elegance
did not degenerate to effeminancy, or grandeur
swell to hugeness." Fuseli justly adds that these
principles of style seem to have been exemplified
in his two works of which Pliny has given us the
titles, a worshipping priest, and Ajax struck by
lightning, the former being the image of piety, the
latter of impiety and blasphemy. A third picture
by Apollodorus is mentioned by the Scholiast on
the Pluits of Aristophanes. (v. 385 ). Apollodorus made a great advance in colouring.
He invented chiaroscuro (q(Oopdv ical dsrd'Xpwoi-v
o-i.ds, Plut. de Gloria Athen. 2). Earlier painters,
Dionysius for example (Plut. Timol. 36), had
attained to the quality which the Greeks called
Trovo, that is, a proper gradation of light and
shade, but Apollodorus was the first who heightened this effect by the gradation of tints, and thus
obtained what modern painters call tone. Hence
he was called o'wtaypd(eos. (Hesychius, s. v.)
Pliny says that his pictures were the first that
rivetted the eyes, and that he was the first who
conferred due honour upon the pencil, plainly because the cestrum was an inadequate instrument
for the production of those effects of light and
shade which Apollodorus produced by the use of
the pencil. In this state he delivered the art to
Zeuxis [ZEUXIs], upon whom he is said to have
written verses, complaining that he had robbed
him of his art. Plutarch (1. c.) says, that Apollodorus inscribed upon his works the verse which
Pliny attributes to Zeuxis,
Mwtiuirerai Tis JadAN\ov [lil'cre-at.
2. A sculptor, who made statues in bronze.
IHe was so fastidious that he often broke his works
in pieces after they were finished, and hence he
obtained the surname of " the madman," in which
character he was represented by the sculptor
Silanion. (Plin. xxxiv. 19. ~ 21.) Assuming
from this that the two artists were contemporary,
Apollodorus flourished about 324 B. c.
A little further on (~ 26) Pliny names an Apollodorus among the artists who had made bronze
statues of philosophers.
On the base of the " Venus di Medici," Apollodorus is mentioned as the father of Cleomenes.
Thiersch (Epocken, p. 292) suggests, that he
may have been the same person as the subject of
this article, for that the statue of the latter by
Silanion may have been made from tradition at
any time after his death. But Apollodorus is so
common a Greek name that no such conclusion can
be drawn from the mere mention of it.
3. Of Damascus, lived under Trajan and Hadrian. The former emperor employed him to build
his Forum, Odeum, and Gymnasium, at Rome;
the latter, on account of some indiscreet words
uttered by the architect, first banished him and
afterwards put him to death. (Dion Cass. lxix.
4; Spartian. Hadrian. 19.) [P. S.]
APOLLODORUS, a Graeco-Roman jurist, and
one of the commission appointed by Theodosius
the Younger to compile the Theodosian Code. In
A. D. 429 he appears as comes and magister memoriae (Cod. Th. 1. tit. 1. s. 5), and he appears as
comes sacri consistorii in the years 435 and 438.

APOLLONIDES.
(Cod. Th. 1. tit. 1. s. 6; Nov. 1. Theod. II.,
printed in the Bonn Corpus Jturis Antejust. as a
second preface to the Theod. Cod.) There seems
to be no reason, beyond sameness of name and
nearness of date, to identify him with the Apollodorus who was comes rei privatae under Arcadius
and Honorius, A. D. 396, and was proconsul of
Africa in the years 399 and 400. (Cod. Th. 11.
tit. 36. s. 32; 16. tit. 11. s. 1.) To Apollodorus,
proconsul of Africa, are addressed some of the
letters of Symmachus, who was connected with
him by affinity. (viii. 4, ix. 14, 48.) [J. T. G.]
APOLLODO'RUS ('ArroA,,.dowpos), the name
of two physicians mentioned by Pliny (H. N. xx.
13), one of whom was a native of Citium, in
Cyprus, the other of Tarentum. Perhaps it was
one of these who wrote to Ptolemy, king of Egypt,
giving him directions as to what wines he should
drink (ibid. xiv. 9), though to which king of this
name his precepts were addressed is not mentioned.
A person of the same name wrote a work, -Iepl
Mvmpwov ial EpidvoWr, On Ointments and Chaplets,
quoted by Athenaeus (xv. p. 675), and another,
quoted by the same author, ITipl jphoiv, On
Venomous Aniimals (ibid. xv. p. 681), which is
possibly the work that is several times referred to
by Pliny. (FL. NV. xxii. 15, 29, &c.) [W. A. G.]
APOLLO'NIDESorAPOLLO'NIDAS('ATroAAWV1iuls). 1. Governor of ARGos, who was raised to
this office by Cassander. In the year B. c. 315, he
invaded Arcadia, and got possession of the town of
Stymphalus. The majority of the Argives were
hostile towards Cassander, and while Apollonides
was engaged in Arcadia, they invited Alexander,
the son of Polysperchon, and promised to surrender
their town to him. But Alexander was not quick
enough in his movements, and Apollonides, who
seems to have been informed of the plan, suddenly
returned to Argos. About 500 senators were at
the time assembled in the prytaneum: Apollonides
had all the doors of the house well guarded, that
none of them might escape, and then set fire to it,
so that all perished in the flames. The othei
Argives who had taken part in the conspiracy
were partly exiled and partly put to death. (Diod
xix. 63.)
2. A BOEOTIAN, an officer in the Greek army
which supported the claims of Cyrus the Younger
He was a man of no courage, and the difficulties
which the Greeks had to encounter led him to op.
pose Xenophon, and to urge the necessity of enter
ing into friendly relations with king Artaxerxes
He was rebuked by Xenophon, and deprived o
his office for having said things unworthy of
Greek. (Xenoph. Anab. iii. 1. ~ 26, &c.)
3. Of CARDIA, to whom Philip of Macedonis
assigned for his private use the whole territory o
the Chersonesus. (Demosth. de Inalones. p. 86.
Apollonides was afterwards sent by Charidemus a
ambassador to Philip. (Demosth. c.Aristocr. p. 681.
4. Of CHaos, was during the eastern expeditioi
of Alexander the Great one of the leaders of th
Persian party in his native island; but whil
Alexander was in Egypt, Apollonides was con
quered by the king's admirals, Hegelochus aml
Amphoterus. He and several of his partizan
were taken prisoners and sent to Elephantine ii
Egypt, where they were kept in close imprison
ment. (Arrian, Anab. iii. 2; Curtius, iv. 5.)
5. Of NICAEA, lived in the time of the empero
Tiberius, to whom he dedicated a commentary os