A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ANTIPHON.
phonie, OratoreA ttico, Leyden, 1765, 4to., reprinted
in Ruhnken's Opaiscula, and in Reiske's and Dobson's Greek orators; Taylor, Lect. Lysiac. vii. p.
268, &c., ed. Reiske; Westermann, Geschiclite der
Griech. Beredtsanmkeit, ~~ 40 and 41.
2. A tragic poet, whom Plutarch ( Vit. X. Orat.
p. 833), Philostratus (Vit. Soph. i. 15. ~ 3), and
others, confound with the Attic orator Antiphon, who was put to death at Athens in B. c.
411. Now Antiphon the tragic poet lived at
Syracuse, at the court of the elder Dionysius,
who did not assume the tyranny till the year
B. c. 406, that is, five years after the death of
the Attic orator. The poet Antiphon is said to
have written dramas in conjunction with the
tyrant, who is not known to have shewn his passion for writing poetry until the latter period of
his life. These circumstances alone, if there were
not many others, would shew that the orator and
the poet were two different persons, and that the
latter must have survived.the former many years.
The poet was put to death by the tyrant, according to some accounts, for having used a sarcastic
expression in regard to tyranny, or, according to
others, for having imprudently censured the tyrant's compositions. (Plut., Philostr. II. cc.; Aristot. Rhet. ii. 6.) We still know the titles of five
of Antiphon's tragedies: viz. Meleager, Andromache, Medeia, Jason, and Philoctetes. (Bode,
Gesch. der Dranm. Dichtk. der Hellen. i. p. 554, &c.)
3. Of Athens, a sophist and an epic poet.
Buidas, who says that he was surnamed Ao'yoecyeipos, and others state, that he occupied himself with the interpretation of signs. He wrote
t work on the interpretation of dreams, which
s referred to by Artemidorus, Cicero, and others,
Artemid. Oneirocr. ii. 14; Cic. de Divin. i. 20,
il, ii. 70.) He is unquestionably the same peron as the Antiphon who was an opponent of
locrates, and who is mentioned by Xenophon
Memorab. i. 6, ~ 1; compare Diog. LaSrt. ii. 46;
ienec. Controv. 9), and must be distinguished from
he rhetorician Antiphon of Rhamnus, as well as:om the tragic poet of the same name, although
he ancients themselves appear to have been doubtil as to who the Antiphon mentioned by Xenolion really was. (Ruhnken, Opusclut, i. pp. 148,;c'., 169, &c., ed. Friedemann.) Not a line of his
oems is extant.
4. The youngest brother of, Plato, whose name
ie philosopher has immortalised in his dialogue
Parmenides." (Plut. de Frat. Amor. p. 484, f.)
he father of Plato's wife was likewise called.ntiphon. (Plut, de Genio Socrat.)
5. An Athenian, and a contemporary of Deosthenes. For some offence his name was
Faced from the list of Athenian citizens, whereron he went to Philip of Macedonia. He
edged himself to the king, that he would deroy by fire the Athenian arsenal in Peiraeeus;
Lt when he arrived there with this intention,
ý was arrested by Demosthenes and accused of
eachery. He was found guilty, and put to
ath in a. c. 342. (Dem. de Coron. p. 271;
echow, de Aeschinis Orat. Vita, p. 73, &c.; AESJ:NEs, p. 38.)
6. A Greek sophist, who lived before the time
Aristotle, and whose opinions respecting the
adrature of the circle, and the genesis of things,
Smentioned by this philosopher. (Aristot. Soist. Elench. i. 10, Phvs. i. 2, ii. 1.)

ANTISTHENES. 207
7. A Greek author, who wrote an account of
men distinguished for virtue (7repl rdv iE cpery
rpwCreveavVwV'), one of whom was Pythagoras.
(Diog. Laert. viii. 3; Porphyr. de Vit. Pythag. p.9.)
8. A writer on agriculture, mentioned by Athenaeus. (xiv. p. 650.) [L. S.]
ANTIPHUS ('"AVTInOS). 1. A son of Priam
and Hecuba. (Hom. II. iv. 490; Apollod. iii. 12.
~ 5.) While he was tending the flocks on mount
Ida with his brother Isus, he was made prisoner
by Achilles, but was restored to freedom after a
ransom was given for him. He afterwards fell by
the hands of Agamemnon. (Hom. II. ix. 101, &c.)
2. A son of Thessalus, and one of the Greek
heroes at Troy. He and his brother Pheidippus
joined the Greeks with thirty ships, and commanded the men of Carpathos, Casos, Cos, and
other islands. (Hom. II. ii. 675, &c.) According
to Hyginus (Fab. 97) he was a son of Mnesylus
and Chalciope. Four other mythical personages of
this name are mentioned in Hom. 11II. ii. 846, Gd.
ii. 19, xvii. 68; Apollod. i. 7. ~ 3. [L. S.]
ANTI'STATES, CALLAESCHRUS, ANTIMA'CHIDES, and PORI'NOS, were the architects who laid the foundations of the temple of
Zeus Olympius at Athens, under Peisistratus.
(Vitruv. vii. Praef. ~ 15.) [P. S.]
ANTI'STHENES ('AmTvT1Orevys), an AGRIGENTINE, is mentioned by Diodorus (xiii. 84) as an
instance of the immense wealth which private citizens possessed at Agrigentum. When his daughter
was married, more than 800 carriages went in the
nuptial procession.
ANTI'STHENES ('AvnTrOievYs), a CYNic
philosopher, the son of Antisthenes, an Athenian,
was the founder of the sect of the Cynics, which
of all the Greek schools of philosophy was perhaps the most devoid of any scientific purpose.
He flourished B. c. 366 (Diod. xv. 76), and his
mother was a Thracian (Suidas, s. v.; Diog.
Laeirt. vi. 1), though some say a Phrygian, an
opinion probably derived from his replying to
a man who reviled him as not being a genuine
Athenian citizen, that the mother of the gods was
a Phrygian, In his youth he fought at Tanagra
(B. c. 426), and was a disciple first of Gorgias, and
then of Socrates, whom lie never quitted, and at
whose death he xwas present. (Plat. Phaed. ~ 59.)
He never forgave his master's persecutors, and is
even said to have been instrumental in procuring
their punishment. (Diog. Laert. vi. 10.) lHe
survived the battle of Leuctra (u. c. 371), as he is
reported to have comnipared the victory of the
Thebans to a set of schoolboys beating their master (Plut..ycyur. 30), and died at Athens, at the
age of 70. (Eudocia, Violarizm, p. 56.) He
taught in the Cynosarges, a gymniasiumn for the use
of Athenians born of foreign mothers, near the
temple of Hercules. Hence probably his followers
were called Cynics, though the Scholiast on Aristotle
(p. 23, Brandis) deduces the name fron the habits of
the school, either their dog-like neglect of all forms
and usages of society, sleeping in tubs and in the
streets, and eating whatever they could find, or
from their shameless insolence, or else their pertinacious adherence to their own opinions, or lastly
from their habit of driving from them all whom
they thought unfit for a philosophical life. His
writings were very numerous, and chiefly dialogues,
some of them being vehement attacks on his contemporaries, as on Alcibiades in the second of his