A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

188 ANTIGONUS.
should keep possession of Thrace and Egypt respectively, and that Antigonus should have the
government of all Asia. The name of Seleucus,
strangely enough, does not appear in the treaty.
This peace, however, did not last more than a
year. Ptolemy was the first to break it, under
pretence that Antigonus had not restored to liberty
the Greek cities in Asia Minor, and accordingly
sent a fleet to Cilicia to dislodge the garrisons of
Antigonus from the maritime towns. (a. c. 310.)
Ptolemy was at first successful, but was soon
deprived of all he had gained by the conquests
of Demetrius (Poliorcetes), the son of Antigonus.
Meanwhile, however, the whole of Greece was in tile
power of Cassander, and Demetrius was therefore
sent with a large fleet to effect a diversion in his
father's favour. Demetrius met with little opposition; he took possession of Athens in B. c. 307,
where lie was received with the most extravagant
flattery. He also obtained possession of Megara,
and would probably have become master of the
whole of Greece, if he had not been recalled by
his father to oppose Ptolemy, who had gained the
island of Cyprus. The fleet of Demetrius met that
of Ptolemy off the city of Salamis in Cyprus, and
a battle ensued, which is one of the most memorable of the naval engagements of antiquity. Ptolemy was entirely defeated (B. c. 306), and Antigonus assumed in consequence the title of king,
and the diadem, the symbol of royal power in
Persia. He also conferred the same title upon
Demetrius, between whom and his father the most
cordial friendship and unanimity always prevailed.
The example of Antigonus was followed by Ptolemy, Lysimachus, and Seleucus, who are from this
time designated as kings. The city of Antigoneia
on the Orontes in Syria was founded by Antigonus
in the preceding year (B. c. 307).
Antigonus thought that the time had now come
for crushing Ptolemy. He accordingly invaded
Egypt with a large force, but his invasion was as
unsuccessful as Cassander's had been: he was
obliged to retire with great loss. (B. c. 306.) He
next sent Demetrius to besiege Rhodes, which hsad
refused to assist him against Ptolemy, and had
hitherto remained neutral. Although Demetrius
made the most extraordinary efforts to reduce the
place, he was completely baffled by the energy and
perseverance of the besieged; and was therefore
glad, at the end of a year's siege, to make peace
with the Rhodians on terms very favourable to the
latter. (a. c. 304.) While Demetrius was engaged
against Rhodes, Cassander had recovered his former power in Greece, and this was one reason
that made Antigonus anxious that his son should
make peace with the Rhodians. Demetrius crossed
over into Greece, and after gaining possession of
the principal cities without much difficulty, collected an assembly of deputies at Corinth (a. c.
303), which conferred upon him the same title
that had formerly been bestowed upon Philip and
Alexander. Hie now prepared to march northwards against Cassander, who, alarmed at his dangerous position, sent proposals of peace to Antigonus. The proud answer was, "Cassander must
yield to the pleasure of Antigonus." But Cassander had not sunk so low as this: he sent ambassadors to Seleucus and Ptolemy for assistance, and
induced Lysimachus to invade Asia Minor in order
to make an immediate diversion in his favour.
Antigonus proceeded in person to oppose Lysima

ANTIGONUS.
chus, and endeavoured to force him to an engagement before the arrival of Seleucus from upper
Asia. But in this he could not succeed, and the
campaign accordingly passed away without a battle. (a. c. 302.) During the winter, Selencus
joined Lysinmachus, and Demetrius came from
Greece to the assistance of his father. The decisive battle took place in the following year (a. c.'
301), near Ipsus in Phrygia. Antigonus fell in
the battle, in the eighty-first year of his age, and
his army was completely defeated. Demetrius
escaped, but was unable to restore the fortunes of
his house. [DEaMETRIUS.] The dominions of
Antigonus were divided between the conquerors:
Lysimachus obtained the greater part of Asia
Minor, and Seleucus the countries between the
coast of Syria and the Euphrates, together with a
part of Phrygia and Cappadocia. (Diod. lib. xviii.xx.; Plut. Eumenes and Demsetrius; Droyen,
Geschichte der Nachfolger Alexanders; Thirlwall's
Greece, vol. vii.)
The head on the following coin of Antigonus.
Frdhlich supposes to be Neptune's, but Eckhel
thinks that it represents Dionysus, and that the
coin was struck by Antigonus after his naval victory off Cyprus, in order to shew that he should
subdue all his enemies, as Dionysus had conquerec
his in India. (Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 118.)

ANTI'GONUS ('Asvir'oyOS), of CARYSTUS, i
supposed by some to have lived in the reign (
Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, and by others in that (
Euergetes. Respecting his life nothing is knowl
but we possess by him a work called lopropmi
eapad'S6wv wvvaywyI (HIistoriae Mirabiles), whic
consists for the most part of extracts from th
"' Auscultationes" attributed to Aristotle, and froi
similar works of Callimachus, Timaeus, and othe:
which are now lost. It is only the circunistanm
that he has thus preserved extracts from other an
better works, that gives any value to this compil;
tion of strange stories, which is evidently mac
without skill or judgment. It was first editer
together with Antoninus Liberalis, by Xylande
Basel, 1568, 8vo. The best editions are those
Meursius, Lugd. Bat. 1619, 4to., and of J. Bece
mann. Leipzig, 1791, 4to. Antigonus also wro
an epic poem entitled 'AviTrarpos, of which tv
lines are preserved in Athenaeus. (iii. p. 82.) T'
Anthologia Graeca (ix. 406) contains an epigra
of Antigonus. [L. S.]
ANTI'GONUS ('Avri-yovos), of CUMAE,
Asia Minor, a Greek writer on agriculture, who
referred to by Pliny (Elench. libb. viii. xiv. >
xvii.), Varro (De Re Rust. i. 1), and Columella
1), but whose age is unknown. [L. S.]
ANTI'GONUS DOSON ('AVyoVoe s AJcirw
so called because it was said he was always abc
to give but never did, was the son of Olympias
Larissa and Demetrius of Cyrene, who was a e
of Demetrius Poliorcetes and a brother of Antii