A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ANCAEUS.
think highly of them, and that they were more of
a rhetorical than an historical character. He enjoyed some reputation as a teacher of rhetoric and
as an orator, both in the assembly of the people
and in the courts of justice (Dionys. Hal. 1. c.;
Paus. 1. c.), and also wrote speeches for others,
such as the one which Euthias delivered against
Phryne. (Athen. xiii. p. 591; comp. Harpocr. s. v.
Edieas.)
There have been critics, such as Casaubon (ad
Dioy. Laert. ii. 3), who thought that the rhetorician and the historian Anaximenes were two distinct persons; but their identity has been proved
by very satisfactory arguments. What renders
him a person of the highest importance in the history of Greek literature, is the following fact,
which has been firmly established by the critical
investigations of our own age. He is the only
rhetorician previous to the time of Aristotle whose
scientific treatise on rhetoric is now extant. This
is the so-called 'PwropIcsK Trpos 'AXEiav~pov, which
is usually printed, among the works of Aristotle, to
whom, however, it cannot belong, as all critics
agree. The opinion that it is a work of Anaximenes was first expressed by P. Victorius in his
preface to Aristotle's Rhetoric, and has been firmly
established as a fact by Spengel in his swvvaywry)
"rEXvcv, "Sive Artium Scriptores ab initiis usque
ad editos Aristotelis de rhetorica libros," Stuttgard,
1828, p. 182. &c. (Comp. Quintil. iii. 4. ~ 9 with
the notes of Gesner and Spalding.) This Rhetoric
is preceded by a letter which is manifestly of later
origin, and was probably intended as an introduction to the study of the Rhetoric of Aristotle.
The work itself is much interpolated, but it is
at any rate clear that Anaximenes extended his
subject beyond the limits adopted by his predecessors, with whose works he was well acquainted.
He divides eloquence into forensic and deliberative,
but also suggests that a third kind, the epideictic,
should be separated from them. As regards the
plan and construction of the work, it is evident
that its author was not a philosopher: the whole
is a series of practical suggestions how this or that
subject should be treated under various circumstances, as far as argumentation, expression, and
the arrangement of the parts of a speech are concerned. (Vossius, de Histor. Graec. p. 92, &c., ed.
Westermann; Ruhnken, Hist. Crit. Orat. Graec.
p. 86; Westermann, Gesch. der Griech. Beredtsamkeit, ~ 69.) [L. S.]
ANAXIPPUS ('Avitrrros), an Athenian comic
poet of the new comedy, was contemporary with
Antigonus and Demetrius Poliorcetes, and flourished about B. c. 303. (Suidas, s. v.) We have the
titles of four of his plays, and perhaps of one more.
(Meineke, i. pp. 469-70.) [P. S.]
ANAXIS (CAvages), a Boeotian, wrote a history
of Greece, which was carried down to B. c. 360,
the year before the accession of Philip to the kingdom of Macedonia. (Diod. xv. 95.)
ANAXO ('AvaCws). 1. [ALCMENE.] 2. A woman of Troezen, whom Theseus was said to have
-arried off. After slaying her sons, he violated her
laughters. (Plut. Thes. 29.) [L. S.]
ANCAEUS ('AyiaoLo). 1. A son of the Ariadian Lycurgus and Creophile or Eurynome, and
Father of Agapenor. (Apollod. i. 8. ~ 2, iii. 9.
S2, 10. ~ 8; Hygin. Fab. 173; Hornm. II. ii. 609.)
tie was one of the Argonauts and partook in the
Lalydonian hunt, in which he was killed by the

ANCHIALUS. 167
boar. (Apollod. i. 9. ~~ 16 and 23; comp. Paus.
viii. 5. ~ 2, 45. ~ 2; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 894; Ov.
Met. viii. 400.)
2. A son of Poseidon and Astypalaea or Alta,
king of the Leleges in Samos, and husband of
Samia, the daughter of the river-god Maeander, by
whom he became the father of Perilaus, Enodos,
Samos, Alitherses, and Parthenope. (Paus. vii. 4.
~ 2; Callim. Hymn. in Del. 50.) This hero seems
to have been confounded by some mythographers
with Ancaeus, the son of Lycurgus; for, according
to Hyginus (Fab. 14), Ancaeus, the son of Poseidon, was one of the Argonauts, but not the other;
and Apollonius Rhodius (ii. 867, &c.) relates, that
after the death of Tiphys, Ancaeus, the son of
Poseidon, became the helmsman of the ship Argo,
which is just what Apollodorus relates of Ancaeus, the son of Lycurgus. Lycophron (449),
moreover, in speaking of the death of the son of
Lycurgus by the Calydonian boar, mentions a proverb, which, according to the Scholiast on Apollonius (i. 185), originated with Ancaeus, the son of
Poseidon. The story of the proverb runs thus"
Ancaeus was fond of agricultural occupations, and
planted many vines. A seer said to him that he
would not live to taste the wine of his vineyard.
When Ancaeus afterwards was on the point of
putting a cup of wine, the growth of his own vineyard, to his mouth, he scorned the seer, who, however, answered, roAA IETOerad dA.is C'S TE ical
xezAwo dicpwv, " There is many a slip between
the cup and the lip." At the same instant a
tumult arose, and Ancaeus was informed that a
wild boar was near. He put down his cup, went
out against the animal, and was killed by it.
Hence this Greek phrase was used as a proverb,
to indicate any unforeseen occurrence by which a
man's plans might be thwarted. (See Thirlwall
in Philolog. Museum, vol. i. p. 106, &c.) A third
Ancaeus occurs in II. xxiii. 635. [L. S.]
Q. ANCHA'RIUS. 1. A senator, and of
praetorian rank, was killed by Marius on the return of the latter from Africa to Rome in B. c. 87
(Appian, B. C. i. 73.)
2. Tribune of the plebs in the consulship of
Caesar and Bibulus, B. c. 59. He took an active
part in opposing the agrarian law of Caesar, and in
consequence of his services to the aristocratical
party obtained the praetorship in B. c. 56. He
succeeded L. Piso in the province of Macedonia in
the following year. (Cic. pro Sest. 53, in Pison.
36; Schol. Bob. pro Sest. p. 304, in Vatin. p. 317,
ed. Orelli.) One of Cicero's letters is written to
him (ad Fam. xiii. 40).
ANCIHA'RIUS PRISCUS. [PRIscus.]
ANCHE'SMIUS ('AyXao-ios), a surname of
Zeus derived from the hill Anchesmus in Attica,
on which, as on several Attic hills, there was a
statue of the god. (Paus. i. 32. ~ 2.) [L. S.]
ANCHI'ALE (7'Ayyali), a daughter of Japetus and mother of Cydnus, who was believed to
have founded the town of Anchiale in Cilicia.
(Steph. Byz. s. v.) Another personage of this
name occurs in Apollon. Rhod. i. 1130. [L. S.]
ANCHI'ALUS ('AyXiaAos). Three mythical
personages of this name occur in Horn. Od. i. 180,
viii. 112; 11. v. 60t [L. S.]
ANCHI'ALUS, MICHAEL ('AyxaAos), patriarch of Constantinople from 1167 to 1185 A. D.,
was a warm opponent of the union of the Greek
and Roman churches, and an eminent Aristotelian