A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1020 DIOGENES.
stationed in Media. In B. c. 210, when Antiochus
pursued Arsaces II. into Hyrcania, Diogenes was
appointed commander of the vanguard, and distinguished himself during the march. (Polyb. v. 46,
48, 54, x. 29, 30.) [L. S.]
DIO'GENES (Alo-ye's), literary. 1. With
the praenomen ANTONIUS, the author of a Greek
romance, whom some critics have placed soon after
the time of Alexander, while others, and with
more probability, have placed him in the second or
third century after Christ. His age was unknown
even to Photius, who has preserved (Cod. 166) an
outline of his romance. It consisted of twentyfour books, was written in the form of a dialogue
about travels, and bore the title of Ta& vrip Ood;rv
darra-Ta. (Comp. Porphyr. Vit. Pythag. 10.) It is
highly praised by Photius for the clearness and
gracefulness of its descriptions. The epitome preserved by Photius is printed also in the " Corpus
Eroticcrum Graecorum," vol. i. edited by Passow.
2. Of APOLLONIA. See below.
3. Surnamed the BABYLONIAN, a Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Seleuceia in Babylonia,
from which he derived his surname in order to
distinguish him from other philosophers of the
name of Diogenes. He was educated at Athens
under the auspices of Chrysippus, and succeeded
Zeno of Tarsus as the head of the Stoic school at
Athens. The most memorable event of his life is
the part he took in the embassy which the Athenians sent to Rome in B. c. 155, and which consisted of the three philosophers, Diogenes, Carneades, and Critolaus. These three philosophers,
during their stay at Rome, delivered their epideictic
speeches at first in numerous private assemblies,
and afterwards also in the senate. Diogenes
pleased his audience chiefly by his sober and temperate mode of speaking. (Gell. vii. 14; Cic.
Acad. ii. 45; comp. CARNEADES and CRITOLAUS.)
According to Lucian (Mac-rob. 20), Diogenes died at
the age of 88; and as, in Cicero's Cato Major (7),
Diogenes is spoken of as deceased, he must have
died previous to B. c. 151. Diogenes, who is called
a great Stoic (magnus et gravis Stoicus, Cic. de Of.
iii. 12), seems to have closely followed the views
of his master, Chrysippus, especially on subjects of
dialectics, in which Diogenes is even said to have
instructed Carneades. (Cic. Acad. ii. 30, de Oral.
ii. 38.) He was the author of several works,
of which, however, little more than the titles is
known. 1. ANahanemc re'xvq?. (Diog. Laert. vii.
51.) 2. On Divination. (Cic. de Divin. i. 3, ii. 43.)
3. On the goddess Athena, whose birth he, like
Chrysippus, explained by physiological principles.
(Cic. de Nat. Deor. i. 15.) 4. fHep '0o Tjs O vfiys
rjyl.orcovac. (Galen.) 5. Iepl pewvijs (Diog. La'rt.
vii. 55), which seems to have treated on the philosophy of language. 6. TIepl e6yeve-ias, or on aristocracy of birth, in several books. (Athen. iv. p.
168.) 7. rlepi vouwv, likewise in several books,
the first of which is quoted in Athenaeus (xii. p.
526; comp. Cic. de Leg. iii. 5, where Dio is a false
reading for Diogenes). There are several passages
in Cicero from which we may infer that Diogenes
wrote on other subjects also, such as on Duty, on
the Highest Good, and the like, but the titles of
those works are unknown. (Cic. de Off. iii. 12, 13,
23, de Fin. iii. 10, 15; comp. C. F. Thiery, Dissertatio de Diogene Babylonio, Lovanii, 1830, p.
17, &c., and Pars poster. p. 30, &c.)
4. The CYNIc philosopher. See below.

DIOGENES.
There were two other Cynic philosophers of this
name, one in the reign of Vespasian (Dion Cass.
xlvi. 15), and the other in the reign of Julian,
who praises him in one of his Epistles (35, p.410)
5. Of CyzIcus. [DIOGENIANUS.]
6. The author of a work on PERSIA, of which
the first book is quoted by Clemens of Alexandria.
(Protrept. p. 19.) It is uncertain whether he is
the same as the Diogenes who is mentioned by
Parthenius (Erot. 6) as the author of a work on
Pallene.
7. LAERTIUS. See below.
8. OENOMAUS. See below.
9. A PHOENICIAN, a Peripatetic philosopher,
who lived in the time of Simplicius. (Suid. s. v.
Wrpeo-'fEs.) Whether he is the same as Diogenes
of Abila in Phoenicia, whom Suidas and Stephanus
Byzantius (s. v."AeAa) call a distinguished sophist,
cannot be ascertained.
10. A PHRYGIAN, is described as an atheist,
but is otherwise unknown. (Aelian, V. 1H. ii. 31;
comp. Eustath. ad Hem. Od. iii. 381.)
11. Of PTOLEMAIS in Egypt, a Stoic philosopher, who made ethics the basis of his philosophy.
(Diog. Laert. vii. 41.)
12. Of RHODES, a Greek grammarian, who
used to hold disputations at Rhodes every seventh
day. Tiberius once wanted to hear him; but as
it was not the usual day for disputing, the grammarian bade him come again on the seventh day.
Afterwards Diogenes came to Rome, and when he
asked permission to pay his homage, the emperor
did not admit him, but requested him to 'come
again after the lapse of seven years. (Suet. Tiber.
32.)
13. Of SELEUCEIA, an Epicurean philosopher,
who has frequently been confounded with Diogenes
the Babylonian, who was likewise a native of Selenceia. He lived at the court of Syria, and on
terms of intimacy with king Alexander, the supposititious son of Antiochus Epiphanes. But he
was put to death soon after the accession of Antiochus Theus, in B. c. 142. (Athen. v. p. 211.)
14. Of SICYvN, is mentioned by Diogenes Laertius (vi. 81) as the author of a work on Peloponnesus.
15. Of SM'RNA, an Eleatic philosopher, who
was a disciple of Metrodorus and Protagoras.
(Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. 301.)
16. Of TARsus, an Epicurean philosopher, who
is described by Strabo (xiv. p. 675) as a person
clever in composing extempore tragedies. He was
the author of several works, which, however, are
lost. Among them are mentioned: 1. 'Ern'AKcroL
r-xoAai, which was probably a collection of essays
or dissertations on philosophical subjects. (Diog.
Lalrt. x. 26, with Menage's note.) 2. An abridgement of the Ethics of Epicurus (ervmor)j TWcv 'E7micovpov i0OKov o-7prw), of which Diogenes
Laertius (x. 118) quotes the 12th book. 3. nIep
7rorqKwcv qr-T/]arwv, that is, on poetical problems,
which he endeavoured to solve, and which seem to
have had especial reference to the Homeric poems.
(Diog. Labrt. vi. 81.) Further particulars are not
known about him, though Gassendi (do Vit. Epicur.
ii. 6) represents him as a disciple of Demetrius the
Laconian.
There are several more literary persons of the
name of Diogenes, concerning whom nothing is
known. A list of them is given by Thiery, 1. c.
p. 97, &c. [L. S.]