A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TACHOS. TACITUS. 967
improvements, by Orellius, appended to his Phae- country for a short time during the latter end of
drus (8vo. Turin. 1832). the reign of Artaxerxes II. When the formidable
(Cic. ad Fam. xii. 18; Senec. (Controv. vii. 3; revolt of the western satraps was put down in B. c.
Senec Ep. 8, 94, 108, de Tranquill. An. 11, Cons- 362, by the treachery of Orontes, the satrap of
solat. ad Marc. 9; Petron. 55; Plin. H. N. viii. Mysia [ORONTES, NO. 3], Tachos feared that he
51; Gell. xvii. 14; Macrob. Sat. ii. 2, 7 Hieron. might have to resist the whole power of the PerChron. Euseb. ad Olymp. clxxxiv. 2, comp. Ep. ad sian empire, and he therefore resolved to obtain
Laetan; Johann. Sarisb. viii. 14.) [W. R.] the aid of Greek mercenaries. He prevailed upon
Chabrias, the Athenian, to take the command of
his fleet, and sent an embassy to Sparta, soliT. citing Agesilaus to undertake the supreme command of all his forces. The Spartan government
TA'BALUS (Taeahos), a Persian, whom Cyrus, gave their consent, and Agesilaus readily complied
after he had taken Sardis, left there in command with the request; for, although he was now upof the garrison. Here Tabalus was soon after be- wards of eighty, his vigour of mind and body
sieged by the rebel Pactyas, but was delivered by remained unimpaired, and he was anxious to escape
Mazares (Herod. i. 153, &c.) [MAZARES; PAC- from the control to which a Spartan king was
TYAS.] [E. E.] subject at home. Upon his arrival in Egypt, AgeTABUS (TdCos), a hero in Lydia, from whom silaus was greatly disappointed in having only the
the town of Tabae in Lydia was believed to have command of the mercenaries entrusted to him,
derived its name. (Steph. Byz. s. a. Tdcia.) [L.S.] Tachos reserving to himself the supreme command
TACFARINAS, a Numidian, who gave some of-all his forces, both by sea and land. Neverthetrouble to the Romans in the reign of Tiberius. less he submitted to this affront, and accompanied
He had originally served among the auxiliary the Egyptian monarch into Syria, in B. c. 361,
troops iri the Roman army, but he deserted; and, along with Chabrias, and, according to Plutarch,
having collected a body of freebooters, among endured for some time in patience the insolence
whom he gradually introduced the Roman disci- and arrogance of Tachos. Meanwhile Nectanabis,
pline, he became at length the acknowledged leader probably the nephew of Tachos, and a certain
of the Musulamii, a powerful people in the interior Mendesian, disputed with Tachos for the crown.
of Numidia, bordering on Mauritania. Having Agesilaus forthwith espoused the cause of Nectabeen joined by the Mauri under the command of nabis; and Tachos, thus deserted by his own subMazippa, he ventured, in A. D. 18, to measure his jects as well as by his mercenaries, took refuge in
strength with Furius Camillus, the proconsul of Sidon, and from thence fled to the Persian monAfrica, but was defeated with considerable loss. arch, by whom he was favourably received, and
In A. D. 20 Taefarinas again attacked the Roman at whose court he died. By the help of Agesilaus,
province. He carried his devastations far and Nectanabis defeated the other competitor, who had
wide, and defeated a Roman cohort which was collected a large army, and became firmly estastationed not far from the river Pagyda (perhaps blished on the throne. This is the account of
the modern Abeadh), but, after meeting with con- Xenophon and Plutarch, and is in accordance with
siderable success, he was defeated in his turn by incidental notices in other writers. The statement
Apronius, who had succeeded Camillus, and was of Diodorus, that Tachos returned from Persia, and
compelled to retire into the deserts. Nothing was again placed upon the throne by Agesilaus,
daunted by these defeats, Taefarinas found means is undoubtedly an error. (Diod. xv. 92, 93; Xen.
to collect a fresh army, and in A. D. 22 had the Ages. ii. ~~ 28-31; Plut. Ages. 36-40; Corn.
impudence to send ambassadors to Tiberius, soli- Nep. C/labr. 2, 3, Ages. 8; Polyaen. ii. 1. ~ 22;
citing abodes for himself and his troops, and me- Ath. xiv. p. 616, d. e.; Aelian, V. H. v. 1.)
nacing the emperor, in case of refusal, with per- TAICITA, "the silent," one of the Camenae,
petual war. Tiberius was indignant at receiving whose worship was believed to have been introsuch a message from a deserter and a robber, and duced at Rome by Numa. He is, moreover, said
gave strict injunctions to Junius Blaesus, who had to have particularly recommended the worship of
been appointed governor of Africa, to use every Tacita, as the most important among the Camenae.
effort to obtain possession of the person of Tacfa- (Plut. Numna, 8.) [L. S.]
rinas. In this, however, Blaesus was unable to TA'CITUS, M. CLAU'DIUS, Roman emperor
succeed, for although he defeated Tacfarinas, and from the 25th September, A. D. 275, until April,
took his brother prisoner, Tacfarinas himself suc- A. D. 276. After the death of Aurelian, the army
ceeded in making his escape. At length, in A. D. in Thrace, filled with remorse on account of their
24, the Romnans were delivered from this trouble- fatal mistake [AURELIANUS], and eager to testify
some foe. In this year Tacfarinas, having again their penitence, instead of proclaiming a new
collected a large force, attacked the Roman pro- emperor with tumultuous haste, despatched a subvince, but P. Dolabella, more fortunate than his missive letter to the senate, requesting that aspredecessors in the government, not only defeated sembly to nominate out of their own body a
but slew Tacfarinas in battle. Dolabella was as- successor to the vacant throne, and pledging
sisted in this campaign by Ptolemaeus, king of themselves to ratify the choice. The senate at
Mauritania, the son and successor of Juba II., first received this most unlooked-for communicawho was rewarded by Tiberius, after the ancient tion with mingled surprise and distrust, and,
fashion, with the presents of a toga picta and fearing to take advantage of what might prove a
sceptre, as a sign of the friendship of the Roman very transient ebullition of feeling, courteously
people. (Tac. Ann. ii. 52, iii. 20, 21, 73, 74, iv. declined to accede to the proposal. At the same
23-26.) time, expressing their full confidence in the discreTACHOS (Taxis), king of Egypt, succeeded tion of the soldiers, they referred the election to
Acoris, and maintained the independence of his the voice of the legions. The troops, however,
3Q 4