A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

SCIPIO. SCIPIO. 751
Orat. i. 49; Veil. Pat. ii. 9; Quintil. xii. 10. the son of No, 22, was twice consul, censor and
~ 10); and his speeches were admired, as we have pontifex maximus. He inherited from his father
seen above, down to a late period. The few frag- a love for jurisprudence, and became so celebrated
ments of them, which have been preserved by for his discernment and for his knowledge of the
A. Gellius and others, are given by Meyer (Orat. pontifical and civil law, that he received the surRoman. Fragm. pp. 176-193, 2d ed.). The ge- name of Corculum (corculum a corde dicebant
neral opinion entertained by the Romans of a sub- antiqui solertemo et acutunz, Festus, s. v.). He
sequent age respecting Scipio is given in the most married a daughter of Scipio Africanus the elder.
pleasing colours by Cicero in his work on the Re- He is first mentioned in B. C. 168, when he served
public, in which Scipio is introduced as the prin- with distinction under L. Aemilius Paulus in Macipal speaker. (The life and character of Scipio are cedonia. He was consul for the first time in B. c.
delineated with ability by Nitzsch, in his treatise 162 with C. Marcius Figulus, but abdicated, toPolybius, Kiel, 1842, and also in his work Die gether with his colleague, almost immediately after
Gracchen und ihre niichsten Vorgiinger, Berlin, they had entered upon their office, on account of
1847; on the death of Scipio, see Scheu, De some fault in the auspices. He was censor a. c.
Morte Africani nzinoris ejusque auctoribus, in 159 with M. Popillius Laenas, when he enacted,
Beier's edition of Cicero's Laelius, Leipzig, 1828; together with his colleague, that no statues of
Gerlach, Der Tad des P. Cornelius Scipio Aeanilia- public men should be allowed to be erected in the
nus, in his Historische Studien, p. 254, &c., Ham- forum without the express sanction of the senate
burgh, 1841; Zimmermann, Zeitschr2jt fur die or the people. In his censorship the clepsydra
Alterthuntswissenschaft, 1841, No. 52.) was for the first time introduced at Rome. He
22. P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO NASICA, that is, was consul a second time in B. c. 155 with M.
"Scipio with the pointed nose," was the son of Claudius Marcellus, and subdued the Dalmatians.
Cn. Scipio Calvus, who fell in Spain in B. c. 211. He was a firm upholder of the old Roman habits
[No. 10.] He is first mentioned by Livy in B. C. and manners, and a strong opponent of all inno204 as a young man who was not yet of sufficient vations, of which he gave a striking instance in
age to obtain the quaestorship, but was neverthe- his second consulship, by inducing the senate to
less judged by the senate to be the best citizen in order the demolition of a theatre, which was near
the state, and was therefore sent to Ostia along completion, as injurious to public morals. When
with the Roman matrons to receive the statue of Cato repeatedly expressed his desire for the dethe Idaean Mother, which had been brought from struction of Carthage, Scipio, on the other hand,
Pessinus. In B. C. 200 he was one of the tri- declared that he wished for its preservation, since
umvirs, for the purpose of settling new colonists the existence of such a rival would prove a useful
at Venusia; he was curule aedile in B. C. 196, check upon the licentiousness of the multitude.
praetor in 194, and in this year as well as in the He was elected pontifex maximus in B. C. 150.
following fought with great success in Further The reputation of Scipio Corculum as a jurist has
Spain, which was assigned to him as his province, been already alluded to; his oratory is likewise
But, notwithstanding these victories, and the praised by Cicero; and he is described by Aurelius
powerfuil support of his cousin, the great Africanus, Victor as a man " eloquentia primus, juris scientia
he was an unsuccessful candidate for the consul- consultissimus, ingenio sapientissimus." (Aurel.
ship for B. c. 192, and did not obtain it till the Vict. de Vir. Ill. 44, who confounds him with his
following year, when he was elected with M'. father; Liv. xliv. 35, 36, 46, Epit. 47-49;
Acilius Glabrio. In his consulship, B. C. 191, he Polyb. xxix. 6; Plin. H. AN. xxxiv. 14; Cic. de
fought against the Boii, defeated them in battle, Nat. Deor. ii. 4, de Div. ii. 35, Brut. 20, 58,
and triumphed over them on his return to Rome. Cat. 14, Tusc. i. 9; Plut. Cat. Maj. 27; Appian,
He defended his cousin, L. Scipio Asiaticus, when Pun. 69, B. C. i. 28, but there is an anachronism
he was accused in B. C. 187, after his conquest of in the last cited passage of Appian.)
Antiochus. He was one of the many distinguished 24. P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO NASICA SERAPIO,
men, who sued for the censorship in B. c. 184, but the son of No. 23, was a fierce and stiff-necked
was defeated by M. Porcius Cato. Hence Pliny aristocrat, and is chiefly known by the repeated
speaks of him (H. AT. vii. 34), as his repulsa mention of him in Cicero's writings, as the leader
notatus a populo. In B. C. 183 and 182 he was of the senate in the murder of Tib. Gracchus. He
engaged as one of the triumviri in settling a Latin is first mentioned in B. C. 149, when he was sent
colony at Aquileia. The last time he is mentioned along with Cn. Scipio Hispallus [No. 28], to
is in B. C. 171, when he was one of the advocates demand from the Carthaginians the surrender of
appointed by the Spanish deputies to bring to trial their arms (Appian, Pun. 80). He was unsucthe Roman governors who had oppressed them. cessful in his application for the aedileship, but
Scipio Nasica is mentioned both by Cicero and was consul in B. C. 138, with D. Junius Brutus.
Pomponius as a celebrated jurist, aud the latter In consequence of the severity with which he
writer adds, that a house was given to him by the and his colleague conducted the levy of troops,
state in the Via Sacra, in order that he might be they were thrown into prison by C. Curiatius,
more easily consulted (Liv. xxix. 14, xxxi. 49, the tribune of the plebs. It was this Curiatius
xxxiii. 25, xxxiv. 42, 43, xxxv. 1, 10, 24, xxxvi. who gave Nasica the nick-name of Serapio,
1, 2, 37, &c., xxxviii. 58, xxxix. 40, 55, xl. 34, from his resemblance to a dealer in sacrificial
xliii. 2; Diod. Excerpta, p. 605, ed. Wess.; Val. animals, or some other person of low rank, who
Max. vii. 5. ~ 2; Cic. de Fin. v. 22, de JCarusp. was called by this name; but though given
Resp. 13, de Orat. ii. 68, iii. 33; Pomponius, de him in derision, it afterwards became his disOrigine Jautis in Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2. ~ 37, where tinguishing surname (Liv. Ep]it. 55; Val. Max.
he is erroneously called Caius; Zimmern, Ge- ix. 14. ~ 3; Plin. H. N. vii. 10). In B. C. 133,
schichte des Rmnischen Privatrech]ts, vol. i. p. 273.) when the tribes met to re-elect Tib. Gracchus to
23. P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO NASICA CORCULUM, the tribunate, and the utmost confusion prevailed