A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

SCIPIO. SCIPIO. 741
bastiano. The inscriptions and other curiosities in B. c. 297, when he was the legate of Fabius
are deposited in the Museo Pio-Clementino, at Maximus (Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. iii. pp.
Rome. A full account of this tomb is given by 363-366, 378). This Scipio was the great-grandVisconti, Monumenti degli Scipioni, Roma, 1785, father of the conqueror of Hannibal. The geneafol. The inscriptions are also given by Orelli, In- logy of the family can be traced with more certainty
script. Nos. 550-559. (See also Becker, Hand- from this time.
baich der R;mischen Alterthiimer, vol. i. p. 518.) 6. CN. CORNELIUS SCIPIO ASINA, the son of
1. P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO, magister equitum, in No. 5. The reason of his cognomen Asina is
B. C. 3.96, to the dictator M. Furius Camillus. The related by Macrobius (Sat. i. 6). He was consul
Capitoline Fasti, however, make P. Cornelius Ma- in B. c. 260, with C. I)uillius, in the fifth year of
luginensis the magister equitum in this year. Scipio the first Punic war, and received the command of
was consular tribune in B. C. 395, and again in the fleet which the Romans had recently built.
394. He was also twice interrex, once in B. c. In an attempt upon the Liparaean islands, he was
391, and again in 389. (Liv. v. 19, 24, 26, 31, taken prisoner with seventeen ships; but the details
vi. 1.) of his capture are related somewhat differently
2. P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO, probably son of the (Polyb. i. 21, 22; Liv. Ep. 17; Oros. iv. 7;
preceding, was one of the first curule aediles, who Eutrop. ii. 20; Flor. ii. 2; Zonar. viii. 10; Val.
were appointed in B. c. 366, when one place in the Max. vi. 6. ~ 2; Polyaen. vi. 16. ~ 5). He proconsulship was thrown open to the plebeians. He bably recovered his liberty when Regulus invaded
is apparently the same as the L. Scipio who was Africa; for he was consul a second time in B. c.
magister equitum to the dictator Camillus, in B. c. 254, with A. Atilius Calatinus. In this year he
350. (Liv. vii. 1, 24.) was more successful. lie and his colleague crossed
3. L. CORNELIUS SCIPIO, was interrex in B. c. over into Sicily, and took the important town of
352, and consul in 350, with M. Popillius Laenas. Panormus. The services of Scipio were rewarded
(Liv. vii. 21, 23.) by a triumph. (Polyb. i. 38; Zonar. viii. 14;
4. P. CORNELIUS SCIpIO BARBATUS, was consul Val. Max. vi. 9. ~ 11; Fasti Capit.)
B. C. 328, with C. Plautius, according to the Fasti. 7. L. CORNELIUS SCIPIO, also son of No. 5,
Livy (viii. 22), however, calls him P. Cornelius was consul in B. c. 259, with C. Aquillius Florus.
Scapula. In B. c. 306 he was appointed dictator, He drove the Carthaginians out of Sardinia and
for the purpose of holding the consular comitia, and Corsica, defeating Hanno, the Carthaginian comnin the following year he is spoken of as the ponti- mander, and obtained a triumph in consequence.
fex maximus. (Liv. ix. 44, 46.) The epitaph on his tomb records that "he took
5. L. CORNELIUS SCIPIO BARBATUS, the son of Corsica and the city of Aleria." In the Fasti he
Cnaeus, as we learn from his epitaph. He was appears as censor in B. c. 258, with C. Duilius, and
consul B. C. 298, with Cn. Fulvius Maximus Cen- his epitaph calls him "Consul, Censor, Aedilis."
tumalus, carried on war against the Etruscans, and (Liv. Ep. 17; Oros. iv. 7; Eutrop. ii. 20; Flor.
defeated them near Volaterrae. In the following ii. 2; Zonar. viii. 11; Val. Max. v. 1. ~ 2; Orelli,
year, B. C. 297, he served as legate under the con- Inser. No. 552.)
sul Q. Fabius Maximus, against the Samnites (comp. 8. P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO ASINA, son of No. 6,
Frontin. ii. 4. ~ 2). In B. C. 295 he again served was consul B. c. 221, with M. Minucius Rufus,
under the consuls Fabius Maximus and Decius and carried on war, with his colleague, against the
Mus, with the title of propraetor, in the great cam- Istri, who annoyed the Romans by their piracy.
paign of that year against the Gauls, Etruscans, The Istri were completely subdued, and Scipio oband Samnites. In B. C. 293 he again fought, under tained the honour of a triumph. In B. c. 217 he
L. Papirius Cursor, in the campaign which brought was appointed interrex, for the purpose of holding
the Samnite war to a close (Liv. x. 11, 12,14, 25, the consular elections. He is mentioned again in
26, 40, 41). This is the narrative of Livy, but B. c. 211, when he showed so little of the spirit of
we have a very different account of his exploits in a Scipio as to recommend that the senate should
the epitaph on his tomb, which says nothing of his recall all the generals and armies from Italy for
victory in Etruria, but speaks of his conquests in the defence of the capital, because Hannibal was
Samnium and Apulia.* Niebuhr supposes that marching upon the city. (Eutrop. iii. 7; Oros. iv.
his conquests in Samnium and Apulia were made 1 3; Zonar. viii. 20; Liv. xxii. 34, xxvi. 8.)
9. P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO, the son of No. 7, was
* The epitaph on the tomb of this Scipio is the consul, with Ti. Sempronius Longus, in the first
first contemporary record of a Roman which has year of the Punic War, B. C. 218. Scipio, having
reached our times. We subjoin a copy of it taken received Spain as his province, set sail with his
from Orelli (Inscr. No. 550): army from Pisae to Massilia. On his arrival at
CORNELIVS LVCIVS SCIPIO BARBATVS GNAIVOD the latter place, he found that Hannibal had
PATRE || PROGNATVS FORTIS VIR SAPIENSQVE already crossed the Pyrenees, and was advancing
QVio01VS FORMA VlRTVTEI PARISVMA || FVIT towards the Rhone; but as his men had suffered
CONSOL CENSORM AIDILIS QVEI FVIT APVD VOS much from sea-sickness, he allowed them a few
CONSOL CENSOR AIDILIS QVEI FVIT APVD VOS
TAVRASIA CISAVNA II SAIiNIO CEPIT SVBIGIT5 days' rest, thinking that he had abundance of time
OTMNE LOVCANA OPSIDESQVE ABDOVCIT. to prevent Hannibal's crossing the Rhone. But
the rapidity of Hannibal's movements were greater
In more modern Latin this inscription might thus than the consul had anticipated. The Carthaginian
be written: —" Cornelius Lucius Scipio Barbatus, army crossed the Rhone in safety, while the
Cnaeo patre prognatus, fortis vir sapiensque, cujus Romans were at the mouth of the river; and when
forma virtuti parissuma fuit, Consul, Censor, Aedi- Scipio marched up the left bank of the river, he
lis, qui fuit apud vos, Taurasiam, Cisaunam (in) found that Hannibal had advanced into the interior
Samnio cepit, subigit omnem Lucaniam, obsidesque of Gaul, and had already got the start of him by a
abducit." three days' march. Despairing, therefore, of over3 B 3