A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PYTHODAMUS. PYTHON 629
-banqueted him and his whole army. He had pre- occurs on a coin of Aptera in Crete. (Nagler, Allviously sent a golden plane tree and vine as a gem. Kiinstler-Lexicon, s. v.) [P. S.]
present to Dareius. He informed Xerxes that, in- PYTHO'DICUS, one of the statuaries, who
tending to offer him a quantity of money to defray are mentioned by Pliny as aequalitate celebrati sed
the expenses of his expedition, he had reckoned nullis operum suorum praecipui. (H. N. xxxiv. 8.
up his wealth and found it to consist of 2000 s. 19. 25.) [P. S.]
talents of silver coin and 4,000,000, all but 7000, PYTtIIODO'RTS (rIuOo3pirs), queen of Pontus.
darics of gold coin. The whole of this he offered She was the daughter of Pythodorus of Tralles,
to Xerxes, wvho however did not accept it; but the friend of Pompey: and became the wife of
made him a present of the odd 7000 darics, and Polemon I. king of Pontus, and the Bosporus.
granted him the rights of hospitality. His five After the death of Polemon she retained possession
sons accompanied Xerxes. Pythius, alarmed by of Colchis as well as of Pontus itself, though the
an eclipse of the sun which happened, came to kingdom of Bosporus was wrested from her power.
Xerxes, and begged that the eldest might be left She subsequently married Archelaus, king of Capbehind. This request so enraged the king that he padocia, but after his death (A. D. 17) returned to
had the young man immediately killed and cut in her own kingdom, of which she continued to
two, and the two portions of his body placed on administer the affairs herself until her decease,
either side of the road, and then ordered the army which probably did not take place until A. D. 38.
to march between them. His other sons perished She is said by her contemporary Strabo to have
in different battles. Pythius, overwhelmed with been a woman of virtuous character, and of great
grief, passed the rest of his days in solitude (Herod. capacity for business, so that her dominions flouvii. 27-29, 38, 39; Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 10; rished much under her rule. Of her two sons, the
Pinut. 1. c.). [C. P. M.] one, Zenon, became king of Armenia, while the
PY'THIUS, architect. [PHILEUS]. other, Polemon, after assisting her in the admiPYTHOCLEIDES (rlvOotiAeiX3s), a celebrated nistration of her kingdom during her life, sucmusician of the time of Pericles, was a native ceeded her on the throne of Pontus. (Strab. xi.
of Ceos (Plat. Protag. 316, e.), and flourished p. 499, xii. pp. 555, 556, 557, 560, xiv. p. 649;
at Athens, under the patronage of Pericles, whom Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 370.) [E. H. B.]
he instructed in his art. (Plut. Per. 4; Pseudo- PYTHODO'RUS (IlvO3rwpos), artists. 1. A
Plat. Alcib. i. p. 118, c.). The Scholiast on the Theban sculptor, of the archaic period, who made
passage last cited states that Pythocleides was also the statue of Hera (ayaALa dapXaoov) in her temple
a Pythagorean philosopher, and that Agathocles at Coroneia. The goddess was represented as
was his disciple. Pythocleides was one of those holding the Sirens in her hand. (Paus. ix. 34.
musicians to whom some writers ascribed the ~ 2. s. 3; comp. Muller, Archiiol. d. Kunst, ~ 352,
invention of the Mixolydian mode of music. (Plut. n. 4.)
de Mues. 16, p. 1136, d.). [P. S.] 2, 3. Two sculptors, who flourished under the
PYTHOCLES (rIvOocAX7s). 1. An Athenian early Roman emperors, and are mentioned by
orator, who belonged to the Macedonian party, and Pliny among those who "filled the palace of the
was put to death with Phocion in B.C. 317. (Dem. Caesars on the Palatine with most approved
de Cor. p. 320; Plut. Phoc. 35.) works." (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ~ 11; comp.
2. Of Samos, a Greek writer of uncertain date, Thiersch, Epochlen, pp. 300, 325, foll.) [P. S.]
wrote: —1.'IraXKcd (Plut. Parall. min. c. 14; PYTHON (IIOewv), the famous dragon who
Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. 144). 2. reWpyKad (Plut. guarded the oracle of Delphi, is described as a son
Parall. main. c. 41). 3. IIepl luovoias (Clem. of Gaea. He lived in the caves of mount ParProtr. p. 12.) nassus, but was killed by Apollo, who then took
PY'THOCLES, a statuary, of whom nothing is possession of the oracle. (Apollod. i. 4. ~ 1
known, beyond the mention of his name by Pliny Strab. ix. p. 422.) [L. S.]
among those artists whom he places at the revival PYTHON (Ilu0ov,), historical. Concerning the
of the art in 01. 156, and whom he characterizes frequent confusion between this name and those of
as longe quidem infra praedictos, probati tamen. Peithon and Pithon, see PITHON.
(Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19.) [P. S.] 1. Son of Agenor. [PITHON.]
PYTHO'CRITUS (IfvOt'cKprT'S), of Sicyon, a 2. Son of Crateuas. [PITHON.]
flute-player, exceedingly distinguished for his vic- 3. One of the leading citizens of Abdera, who
tories in the musical contests which were instituted betrayed that city into the hands of Eumenes II.,
by the Amphictyons at the Pythian games (B. c. king of Pergamus; an act of treachery which
590). Pausanias tells us that the first victor in afterwards caused him so much remorse, as to be
these contests was the Argive Sacadas, after whom the occasion of his death. (Diod. xxx. Exc.
Pythocritus carried off the prize at six Pythian Vales. p. 578.)
festivals in succession, and that he had also the 4. The chief of the embassy sent by Prusias,
honour of acting six times as musician during the king of Bithynia, to Rome, in B.C. 164, to lay
pentathlon at Olympia. In reward of these ser- before the senate his complaints against Eumenes,
vices a pillar was erected as a monument to him king of Pergamus. (Polyb. xxxi. 6.)
at Olympia, with the following inscription, IlvOo- 5. A citizen of Enna, in Sicily, who was put to
xp[Tos TroO KaAAXYtvtcoU uvauta'avXUr7Ta -do'. death by Eunus (whose master he had been), in
(Panus. vi. 14. ~ 4. s. 9, 10). [P. S.] the great servile insurrection in B. c. 130. [EvNvs.]
PYTHO!CRITUS, a statuary, who is men- (Diod. Exc. Phot. p. 528.) [E. H. B.]
tioned by Pliny as one of those who made athletas PYTHON (fIv0v), literary. 1. Of Catana,
et armatos et venatores sacrificantesque, but of whom a dramatic poet of the time of Alexander, whom
nothing more is known. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. he accompanied into Asia, and whose army he
s. 19. ~ 34). [P. S.] entertained with a satyric drama, when they were
PYTHODA'MUS, a medallist, whose name celebrating the Dionysia on the banks of the Hy-.s 3