A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PIIt ONOE. PHILOPHRON. 317
drama, in which a poet was at the same time the PHILO'NOME (4uAeovdJrI). 1. A daughter
actor, either of his own plays, or of those of another of Nyctimus and Arcadia, and a companion of
poet. There is a curious confirmation of one of Artemis, became by Ares the mother of Lycastus
the arguments just urged in one of the Scholia on and Parrhasius; but from fear of her father she
that passage of the Clouds which has so misled the threw her twin babes into the river Erymanthus.
commentators (v. 531 ).-ArlXAovo'T d L\hwvits Kael They were carried by the river-god into a hollow
o KaXAiea-rpa'ros, oe "TTEPON yev0LLEvoI vreOKPnTaL oak tree, where they were suckled by a she-wolf,'rog'ApLra-qcipvous, the author of which passage until the shepherd Tyliphus found them and took
evidently inserted v'e-rEpov in order to gloss over them home. (Plut. Paral. min. 36.)
the absurdity of giving Al& different meanings in 2. [TENES.] [L. S.]
the Didascaliae of the earlier and the later plays. PHILO'NOMUS ((hAdvoLos), a son of ElecOne more question of interest still'remains, re- tryon and Anaxo. (Apollod. ii. 4. ~ 5; Strab. viii.
specting the knowledge which the Athenian public pp. 364, 384; comp. ELECTRYON.) [L. S.]
had of the real author of those plays which appeared PHIILOPA'TOR (4IAoerdrwp). This name,
under other names, especially in the case of Aris- which we find applied as an epithet or distinctive
tophanes; concerning which the reader is referred appellation to several of the kings of Syria and
to Bergk (1. c. pp. 930, &c.), who sums up the Egypt, appears to have been borne as a proper
whole discussion in words to the following effect:- name by two kings of Cilicia; at least no other
that Aristophanes, through youthful timidity, when is mentioned either by historians or on their
he began to write plays, entrusted them to Callis- coins.
tratus; but afterwards also, even when he had PHILOPATOR I. was a son of TARCONDIMOmade the experiment of exhibiting in his own TUS I. In common with his father he had
name, he still retained his former custom, and ge- espoused the cause of Antony during the civil war
nerally devolved the task of bringing out the play between the latter and Octavian, but on learning
on Callistratus or Philonides; that both these the tidings of the battle of Actium, and the death
were poets, and not actors; nor did even Aristo- of Tarcondimotus B. C. 31, he declared in favour of
phanes himself act the part of Cleon in the Knights; the conqueror. He was nevertheless deprived of
that the fame of Aristophanes, though under the his kingdom by Octavian, and we do not learn
name of another, quickly spread abroad; and that that he was subsequently reinstated, though in
it was he himself, and not Callistratus, whom B. C. 20 we find his paternal dominions restored to
Cleon thrice attacked in the courts of law (p. 939). his brother, Tarcondimotus. (Dion Cass. li. 2, 7,
Philonides, the comic poet, must not be con- liv. 9.)
founded with a certain Philonides who is attacked PHILOPATOR II. is known only from the
as a profligate voluptuary by Aristophanes (Plut. mention by Tacitus of his death in A. D. 17. (Tac.
179, 303; comp. Schol.), and other comic poets, Ann. ii. 42.) Eckhel supposes him to have been
such as Nicochares, Theopompus, and Philyllius. a son of Tarcondimotus II., but it does not seem
(Bergk, Frag. Conm. Att. Antiq. p. 400.) [P. S.] quite clear that he is distinct from the preceding,
PHILO/NIDES (,blAwv3rlsj). 1. A physician of who may have been allowed to resume the soveCatana in Sicily, the tutor of Paccius Antiochus reignty after his brother's death. (See, concerning
(Scribon. Larg. De Compos. Medicam. c. 23. ~ 97. these obscure princes of Cilicia, Eckhel, vol. iii.
p. 209; Marcell. Empir. De AIedicamn. c. 20, p. 83; Walther, ad Tue. 1. c.) [E. H. B.]
p. 324), who lived about the beginning of the
Christian era. He is probably the physician who / / [[ Am
is quoted by Dioscorides, and said by him to have
been a native of Enna in Sicily (De Mat. 1led. iv.
148, vol. i. p. 629); by Erotianus (Lex. Hzppocr.
p. 144); and also by Galen, who refers to his
eighteenth book, InepL'Ia'rpKrs, De Mledicina. il
(De Daier. Puls. iv. 10, vol. viii. p. 748.) O 1
2. A physician of Dyrrachiem in Illyricum,
who was a pupil of Asclepiades of Bithynia in the COIN OF'PHILOPATOR.
first century B.C., practised in his own country
with some reputation, and wrote as many as five PHILOPHRON (l.x6opwcov), a Rhodian, who
and forty books. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Au3p dXLov.) was sent ambassador together with Theaetetus to
One of these physicians (for, though they were the ten Roman deputies appointed to settle the
probably contemporaries, there is no reason for affairs of Asia after the defeat of Antiochus, B. c.
supposing them to have been the same individual) 189. They succeeded in obtaining the assignment
wrote a work, Ilfpi Mvpc, Kaeal rT(pdavwv, De of Lycia to the Rhodians as a reward for their
Uinyguentis et Coronis, which is quoted by Athen- services in the late contest (Polyb. xxiii. 3). At
aeus (xv. 17, 18, 45, pp. 675, 676, 691), and the commencement of the war between Rome and
one on Pharmacy quoted by Andromachus (ap. Perseus, the Rhodians were divided into two parGal. De Com1bpos. /Iedicam. sec. Gen. viii. 7, ties, the one disposed to favour the Macedonian
vol. xiii. p. 978), and by Marcellus Emnpiricus (De king, the other to adhere closely to the Reman
fledicanl. c. 29, p. 380). [W. A. G.] alliance. Philophron was one of the principal
PHILONIS. [CHioNE and CEYX.] leaders of the latter; and we find him (together
PI1ILO'NOE (Q4,ovor'), the name of two my- with Theaetetus) taking a prominent part in opthical personages, one a daughter of Tyndareos, posing all concessions to Perseus. But though in
who was rendered immortal by Artemis (Apollod. c.. 169 they were still able to carry a decree
iii. 10. ~ 6), and the other a daughter of Jobates, for sending ambassadors to the senate at Rome, as
and wife of Bellerophontes (ii. 3. ~ 2). The latter well as to the consul Q. Marcius, to relnew and
is commonly called zAnticleia. [L. S] strengthen the friendly relations between the two