A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PtIARNACES. PHARNACES. 241
NTECTANABIrS.] Whether the disastrous result was on the throne before B. c. 183, in which year
of the expedition in question threw Pharnabazus he succeeded in reducing the important city of
into disgrace at court, we do not know. Hence- Sinope, which had been long an object of ambition
forth he disappears from history. to the kings of Pontus. The Rhodians sent an
The character of Pharnabazus is eminently dis- embassy to Rome to complain of this aggression, blut
tinguished by generosity and openness. Through- without effect. (Strab. xii. p. 545; Polyb. xxiv. 10;
out a long career, the servant as he was of a Liv. xl. 2.) About the same time Pharnaces
corrupt and exacting court, and beset by un- became involved in disputes with his neighbour,
scrupulous opponents, we still find him unstained Eumenes, king of Pergamus, which led to repeated
by bad faith, if we except his breach of promise to embassies from both monarchs to Rome, as -well as
Anaxibius, the very doubtful case of the murder of to partial hostilities. But in the spring of 181,
ALCIBIADES, and his conduct above-mentioned to without waiting for the return of his ambassadors,
the Athenian ambassadors, in which he appears Pharnaces suddenly attacked both Eumnenes and
to have been hardly a free agent. Ariarathes, and invaded Galatia with a large force.
3. A Persian general, son of Artabazus [No. 4.], Eumenes opposed him at the head of an army:
was joined with Autophradates in the command but hostilities were soon suspended by the arrival
of the fleet after the death of Memnon, in B. c. of the Roman deputies, appointed by the senate
333. [AuJTOPHRADATES.] They succeeded in to inquire into the matters in dispute. Negoreducing Mytilene, Tenedos, and Chios, and, having tiations were accordingly opened at Pelrgmus, but
despatched some ships to Cos and Halicarnassus, led to no result, the demands of Pharnaces being
they sailed with 100 of their fastest vessels to rejected by the Romans as unreasonable; and the
Siphnus. Here they were visited by Agis, king war was in consequence renewed. It continued,
of Sparta, who came to ask for money and troops apparently with various interruptions, until the
to support the anti-Macedonian party in the summer of B. C. 179, when Pharnaces, finding
Peloponnesus. But just at this crisis intelligence himself unable to cope with the combined forces of
arrived of Alexander's victory at Issus, and Phar- Eumenes and Ariarathes, was compelled to purchase
nabazus, fearing that the effect of it might be the peace by the cession of all his conquests in Galatia
revolt of Chios, sailed thither with 12 ships and and Paphlagonia, with the exception of Sinope.
1500 mercenaries. He did not, however, prevent (Polyb. xxv. 2,4, 6, xxvi. 6; Liv. xl. 20; Diod. xxix.
the islanders from putting down the Persian Exc. Vales. pp. 576, 577.) How long he continued
government, and he was himself taken prisoner; to reign after this we kIlow not; but it appears,
but he escaped, and took refuge in Cos. (Arr. from an incidental notice, that he was still on the
Anab. ii. 1, 2, 13, iii. 2; Curt. iii. 3, iv. 1, 5.) throne in B.C. 170. (Polyb. xxvii. 15; Clinton,
In B. C. 324, Artonis, the sister of Pharnabazus, F. II. vol. iii. p. 426.) The impartial testimony
was given in marriage to Eumenes by Alexander of Polybius confirms the complaints of Eumnenes
the Great; and in B.C. 321 we find Pharnabazus and the RomLans in regard to the arrogant and
commanding a squadron of cavalry for Eumenes, in violent character of Pharnaces. [E. I-I. B.
the battle in which he defeated Craterus and Neop- PIIA'RNACES II. (,Ipapacms), ki-ng of Pontus,
tolemus. (Arr. Anab. vii. 4; Plut. Eaum. 7; Diod. or more properly of the Bosporus, was the son of
xviii. 30-32.) [E. E.] Mithridates the Great. According to Appian he
PHA'RNACES (caprsic-s). 1. The progenitor was treated by his fither with great distinction,
of the kings of Cappadocia, who is himself styled and even designated as his successor, but we find
by Diodorus king of that country. He is said to no mention of him until the close of the life of
have married Atossa, a sister of Cambyses, the Mithridates, after the latter had taken refuge
father of Cyrus; by whom he had a son named frono the armIs of Pompey in the provinces north
Gallus, who was the great-grandfather of Anaphas, of the Euxine. But the schenmes and preparations
one of the seven Persians who slew the Magi. of the aged monarch for renewing the war with
(Died. xxxi. rac. P/zot. p. 517.) [ANAPHAS]. the Romans, and even carrying his arms into the
But the whole genealogy is probably fictitious. heart of their empire, excited the alarm of Phar2. Father of Artabazus, who commanded the naces, and he took advantage of the spirit of disParthians and Chorasmians in the expedition of content which existed among the assembled troops
Xerxes against Greece. [ARTABAZUS, No. 2.] to conspire against the life of his father. I1 is
3. Son of Pharnabazus, appears to have been designs were discovered; but he was supported
satrap of the provinces of Asia near the Helles- by the favour of the army, who broke out into
pont, as early as B.C. 430. (Thuc. ii. 67.) He is open mutiny, declared Pharnaces their king,
subsequently mentioned as assigning Adramyt- and marched against the unhappy Mithridates,
tium for a place of settlement to the Delians, who, after several fruitless appeals to his son, was
who had been expelled by the Athenians from compelled to put an end to his owan life, r.c. 63.
their native island, B.c. 422. (Id. v. 1; Diod. (Appian. Aflit/7r. 110,111; Dion Cass. xxxvii. 12.
xii. 73.) For further details and authorities see MlIrTHni4. A Persian of high rank, and brother-in-law DATES.) In order to secure hiiiiself in the possesof Dareius Codomannus, who was killed at the sion of the throne which he had thus gained by parbattle of the Granicus, B. C. 334. (Arr. Anab. i. ricide, Pharnaces hastened to send an errmbass to
16. ~ o; Diod. xvii. 21.) [E. H. B.] Pompey in Syria, with offers of submission, and
PHA'RNACES I. (4,apvaK7s), king of Pontus, hostages for his fidelity, at the same tiume that he
was the son of Mithridates IV., whom he suc- sent the body of SIithridates to Sinpe to lbe
ceeded on the throne. (Justin. xxxviii. 5, 6; at the disposal of the Roman general. Pompey
Clinton, F. II. vol. iii. pp. 424, 425). The date readily accepted his overtures, and granted him
of his accession cannot be fixed with certainty, but the kingdom of the Bosporus with the titles of
it is assigned conjecturally by Mr. Clinton to friend and ally of the Roman people. (Appian.
about B. c. 190. It is certaiii, at least, that he Jil/hr. 113, 114; Dion Cass. xxxvii. 14.)
VOL, IIL!